Caffyns PLC Annual Report 2022

Plain-text annual report

C a f f y n s p l c A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 2 2 Caffyns plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 March 2022 Visit us online www.caffyns.co.uk Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Results at a Glance Summary Contents Our Business Results at a Glance Operational and Business Review 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 Revenue 223,928 165,085 Strategic Report Underlying EBITDA (see note below and note 3) Underlying profit before tax (see note below) Profit before tax Underlying earnings per share (see note 9) Earnings per share Proposed final dividend per ordinary share Dividend per ordinary share for the year 7,712 4,574 4,385 pence 117.0 111.3 15.0 22.5 5,124 1,876 1,424 pence 66.0 52.4 — — Note: Underlying results exclude items that have non-trading attributes due to their size, nature or incidence. Non-underlying items for the year totalled a charge of £189,000 (2021: £452,000) and are detailed in Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements. Underlying EBITDA of £7,712,000 (2021: £5,124,000) represents operating profit before non-underlying items of £5,690,000 (2021: £3,142,000) adding back depreciation and amortisation of £2,022,000 (2021: £1,982,000). Overview • Revenue up 36% to £223.9 million (2021: 165.1 million) due to a buoyant used car market • • • Like-for-like new car unit deliveries up by 7% Like-for-like used car unit sales up by 24% Like-for-like aftersales revenues up by 19% to £19.2 million • Underlying profit before tax of £4.6 million (2021: £1.9 million) • Final dividend of 15.0 pence per Ordinary share (2021: nil pence per Ordinary share) • Net bank borrowings at 31 March 2022 as disclosed in note 21 were £10.4 million (2021: £10.3 million) • Property portfolio revaluation at 31 March 2022 showed a £13.3 million surplus (2021: £12.3 million surplus) to net book value (not recognised in these accounts) 01 02 07 16 17 23 35 40 41 48 49 50 51 52 53 58 86 Governance Board of Directors Chairman’s Statement on Corporate Governance Directors’ Remuneration Report Report of the Directors Directors’ Responsibilities Statement Financials Report of the Independent Auditor Income Statement Statement of Comprehensive Income Statement of Financial Position Statement of Changes in Equity Cash Flow Statement Principal Accounting Policies Notes to the Financial Statements Other Information Five-year Review Like-for-like comparisons exclude the impact of the Lotus and MG businesses at Ashford, both of which were opened during the year under review. All other businesses operated for the full twelve-month period in both years Revenue (£’000) 22 21 20 19 18 223,928 165,085 195,787 209,246 215,868 Underlying PBT (£’000) 22 21 20 19 18 1,876 251 1,445 1,390 4,574 Underlying earnings/(deficit) per ordinary share (pence) 117.0 66.0 22 21 20 19 18 (4.9) 35.3 45.6 01 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOperational and Business Review Summary The underlying profit before tax of £4.6 million for the financial year ended 31 March 2022 (“the year”) was a significant improvement on the £1.9 million recorded for the prior year. Full year turnover increased by 36% to £223.9 million (2021: £165.1 million), predominantly from significantly higher levels of car deliveries. Operating profit improved significantly to £5.7 million (2021: £2.9 million) due to very buoyant trading in used cars and a strong focus on improving operational efficiency. Our statutory profit before tax for the year was £4.4 million (2021: £1.4 million). Basic earnings per share for the year were 111.3 pence (2021: 52.4 pence). Underlying earnings per share for the year were 117.0 pence (2021: 66.0 pence). The Company’s defined benefit pension scheme deficit, calculated in accordance with the requirements of IAS 19 Pensions, reduced significantly to “The underlying profit before tax of £4.6 million was a significant improvement on the prior year. Despite limited new car supply, operating profits improved due to very buoyant trading in used cars and our strong focus on improving operational effectiveness.” 02 £2.8 million at 31 March 2022 (2021: £9.4 million). Investment gains in the Scheme’s investments were strong and combined with reductions to the net present value of the Scheme’s liabilities. The Company also made an additional £1.0 million cash contribution to the pension scheme in the year to assist with reducing the deficit position. The Company continues to own all but two of the freeholds of the properties from which it operates, and this provides the dual strengths of a strong asset base and minimal exposure to rent reviews. The board was able to restart the payment of dividends during the year with an interim dividend of 7.5 pence. The board is proposing a final dividend for the year of 15.0 pence (2021: nil pence per Ordinary share). Net bank borrowings at 31 March 2022 were £10.4 million (2021: £10.3 million), which equated to gearing of 30% (2021: 37%). Covid-19 The Company started the financial year with its car showrooms temporarily closed and able to operate only on a “click-and-collect” basis. However, by mid-April 2021, we were able to fully reopen and for the remainder of the financial year were able to operate as usual, albeit with certain social distancing precautions remaining in place. In April 2021, 88 employees, around one-fifth of the total workforce, remained on furlough under the Government’s Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, but we were able to return those employees to the workplace over the spring and summer months and we ceased to utilise the scheme from August. Grants received in the year amounted to £0.1 million. The business also continued to benefit from the business rates holiday for retail premises, which provided a year-on-year saving of £0.8 million. This holiday expired on 31 March 2022. We remain grateful to the Government for the actions that it took to protect employment during lockdown periods where activity levels were suppressed and there was insufficient work to occupy certain employees. Whilst covid-19 infection levels remained at elevated levels it was pleasing to see a waning of the impact of the covid pandemic on the business as the year progressed. Through careful management of the workplace, we were able to successfully manage staff absences and to continue to offer an environment that our customers were happy to visit and transact in. Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022The Company has a long tradition of investing in apprenticeship programmes. Despite the pressures on the business, we have kept our apprenticeship numbers at a high level and continue to see the benefits flow through the business as more apprentices complete their training and become fully qualified. Due to our apprentice numbers, we continue to fully utilise our Government apprenticeship levy payments within the stipulated time limits. We remain firmly committed to the long-term benefits of apprenticeships and our recruitment programme continues with the aim of maintaining a healthy complement in the coming year which will assist the Company to continue to grow. New and used car sales Total UK new car registrations in the year increased by 4% as the impacts of the covid-19 pandemic waned. However, the global shortage of semiconductors throughout the year disrupted the production of new cars and, more recently, the conflict in Ukraine added additional strains to supply chains, further restricting increases in registrations. Within the total, new car registrations in the private and small business sector, in which we principally operate, rose by 19%. Our own new car deliveries rose by 7% on a like-for-like basis, which was in line with the movement for those manufacturers that we represent. “I am very grateful for the dedication of our employees and the effort they applied throughout the year to provide our customers with a first-class experience.” Our volume of used cars sales also rose, by 24%, on a like-for-like basis. The shortage of new car product created a strong used car market and, together with enhanced controls, we were able to retain significantly enhanced unit margins. Great efforts have been made over the last twelve months to further enhance and develop our omni-channel offering for our customers and we continue to see this providing a major opportunity for further growth. The number of used cars sold again exceeded the number of new cars sold in the year. Procedures have been strengthened to monitor and control used car stock turn and yield and to broaden our sources of replenishing inventory. The Company’s total revenues for the year increased by £58.8 million over the previous year, of which £56.6 million arose from the from the sale of new and used cars. 03 Omni-channel retailing Our omni-channel offering allows customers to interact with us in a way that suits them best, from the traditional showroom discussion through to a fully online sales process, and any combination in between. We learnt a great deal during the lockdown periods of the pandemic and were able to introduce new options which significantly advanced our on-line selling capabilities. These have been further enhanced in the current year allowing us to provide our customers with a full omni-channel approach to purchasing their vehicle. Our people I am very grateful for the dedication of our employees and the effort they applied throughout the year to provide our customers with a first-class experience. Their response to the covid-19 pandemic has been outstanding. We have been, and remain, very focused on the health and safety of our employees and customers, ensuring that our showroom and workshop activities are undertaken in a responsible and socially distanced way. As a result of the hard work and professionalism shown by everyone involved, we have successfully navigated the covid pandemic to leave the business in a strong position. Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOperational and Business Review continued Aftersales The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on our aftersales business reduced during the year and we were encouraged that our service revenues in the year rose by 8% on a like-for-like basis. We continue to place great emphasis on our customer retention programmes and in growing sales of service plans. Our parts business also reported higher sales, up by 25% on a like-for-like basis from the previous year. Operations Our Audi businesses produced another exceptional performance in the year, significantly growing both their new and used car deliveries. The performance of our Volkswagen businesses improved in the year, boosted by the strength of the brand, the excellent model range, and exciting new products. “We remain focused on generating further improvements in used car sales, used car finance and service labour sales. These three areas will be key to achieving further increases in profitability in the coming years.” Our Volvo businesses also enjoyed very strong performances in the year. Both businesses, in Worthing and in Eastbourne, performed very well. The Eastbourne result was especially commendable given the business was heavily disrupted by building works throughout much of the year as the site underwent a significant refurbishment. The brand continues to reap the benefits of an excellent model range of cars, which are being positively received by customers. In Tunbridge Wells, our combined SEAT/Skoda business continued to perform well and our Skoda business in Ashford recorded an excellent result, significantly ahead of the prior year. Our Vauxhall business in Ashford performed in line with our expectations in the year. During the year, we opened businesses for Lotus and MG, adjacent to our existing Vauxhall operation in Ashford. The board was encouraged with their first year of trading. Trading at Caffyns Motorstore, our used car business in Ashford, remained subdued as the business suffered from disruptions from building works to accommodate the new franchises of Lotus and MG. However, the performance improved in the year and we remain reassured that the concept continues to be well received by our customers, who particularly value the reassurance of the Caffyns brand. Groupwide projects We remain focused on generating further improvements in used car sales, used car finance and service labour sales. These three areas will be key to achieving further increases in profitability in the coming years. In addition, we continue to make very good progress utilising technology to enhance the customer-buying experiences from their first point of contact right through the buying process, as well as improving aftersales retention. New brands and models We continue to invest in enhanced facilities to allow us to sell and service our manufacturers’ ever-increasing range of electric and hybrid vehicles. During the year, we also added two new brands to our portfolio, both based at existing premises in Ashford. Lotus, which is part of the Zhejiang Geely group that also owns Volvo, and MG, a subsidiary of SAIC, commenced trading in July 2021. Both of these brands have battery-powered electric products and MG offers outstanding value for money in this field. We will shortly be expanding our representation with Lotus with the opening of a new dealership for Sussex, in Lewes. Property We operate primarily from freehold sites, which provides additional stability to our business model. As in previous years, our freehold premises were revalued at the balance sheet date by chartered surveyors CBRE Limited, based on an existing use valuation. The excess of the valuation over net book value of our freehold properties at 31 March 2022 was £13.3 million (2021: £12.3 million). In accordance with our accounting policies, this surplus has not been incorporated into our accounts. During the year, we incurred capital expenditure of £2.9 million (2021: £0.4 million). There was one major property development project in the year, which was the expansion and complete refurbishment of our Volvo premises in Eastbourne. The remaining spend reflected a mixture of further installations of electric charging points and replacement spend on existing assets. 04 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022The lease to the purchaser of our former Land Rover business in 2016, for our freehold premises in Lewes, terminated on 9 June 2021 and the property was returned to us. Our current intention is to dispose of the premises and we expect to exchange contracts shortly. Completion of the sale will be dependent on the purchaser gaining an appropriate planning consent and the board expects this will take at least two years. Due to the uncertainty of a successful outcome to the planning process, the property has continued to be shown as an investment property on the Company’s balance sheet. The Company operates two of its franchised businesses from leased premises as well as having a leased vehicle storage compound, which are shown on the balance sheet as right of use assets. During the year, management reassessed its likely future requirement for one of those premises and, as a result, extended its estimate of the duration of its stay. As a result, the valuation of that lease increased by £1.0 million, equal and opposite to an increase in its lease liability. The Company has agreed with Volvo UK to relocate its business in Worthing to a new-build facility, adjacent to its existing Audi operation at Angmering. Planning permission for the new facility is being sought and construction is expected to start once a planning consent is granted, with the new facility expected to be available to open in 2023. Bank facilities and borrowings The Company’s banking facilities with HSBC comprise a term loan, originally of £7.5 million, repayable by instalments over a twenty-year period to 2038 and a revolving credit facility of £6.0 million, both of which will next become renewable in April 2026. HSBC also provides an overdraft facility of £3.5 million, renewable annually. The Company continues to enjoy a supportive relationship with HSBC and successfully refinanced its borrowings in March 2022, twelve months in advance of the scheduled review date for the facilities. The refinancing did not affect the market value of the Company’s borrowings. In addition to its facilities with HSBC, the Company also has a revolving credit facility of £4.0 million provided by Volkswagen Bank, renewable annually, together with a term loan, originally of £5.0 million, which is repayable by instalments over the ten years to March 2024. The term loan and revolving credit facilities provided by HSBC include certain covenant tests which were comfortably passed at the year-end on 31 March 2022. Any failure of a covenant test would render these facilities repayable on demand at the option of the lender. During the year, cash generated by operating activities was £3.4 million (2021: £6.7 million). This reflected the deficit-reduction payment of £1.0 million made to the Company’s defined-benefit pension scheme as part of the recovery plan to the March 2020 triennial valuation, as well as outflows associated with working capital movements. Other significant cash movements in the year included capital expenditure of £2.8 million (2021: £0.4 million) and repayment of bank revolving credit facilities and term loans of £2.9 million (2021: £1.7 million). Cash balances held at 31 March 2022 were £5.7 million, a reduction of £3.0 million from the previous year-end. Bank borrowings, net of cash balances, at 31 March 2022 were £10.4 million (2021: £10.3 million) and as a proportion of shareholders’ funds at 31 March 2022 were 30% (2021: 37%). This reduction in gearing level reflected the strong financial result for the year as well as a significant narrowing of the deficit in the Company’s defined-benefit pension scheme. Available but undrawn facilities with HSBC and Volkswagen Bank at 31 March 2022 were £10 million (2021: £16 million) owing to the reduction in certain facility levels in the year, in agreement with the Company’s bank lenders. Taxation The year ended 31 March 2022 resulted in a tax charge of £1.39 million (2021: £0.01 million). The effective tax rate for the year was higher than the standard rate of corporation tax in force for the year of 19% due to the effect on deferred tax liabilities of the scheduled increase in the corporation tax rate to 25% in 2023. In the prior year, the effective tax rate was significantly lower than the standard rate of corporation tax in force for the year of 19% due to the reversal of an impairment provision against the carrying value of an Advanced Corporation Tax (“ACT”) asset. The Company has no current outstanding trading losses awaiting relief (2021: £Nil). There are also no capital losses awaiting relief. Capital gains which remain unrealised, where potentially taxable gains arising from the sale of properties and goodwill have been rolled over into replacement assets, amount to £7.1 million (2021: £8.3 million) which could equate to a future potential tax liability of £1.8 million (2021: £1.6 million). The Company was able to utilise £0.6 million of its ACT in the year, leaving an amount carried forward to future trading periods of £0.5 million (2021: £1.1 million). Pension scheme The Company’s defined benefit scheme was closed to future accrual in 2010. The board has little control over the key assumptions in the valuation calculations as required by accounting standards and the low yields of gilts and bonds continue to have a significant impact on the net funding position of the scheme. At 31 March 2022, the deficit was £2.8 million (2021: £9.4 million). The deficit, net of deferred tax, was £2.1 million (2021: £7.6 million). 05 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOperational and Business Review continued August 2022 to those shareholders on the register at close of business on 8 July 2022, subject to shareholder approval at the 2022 Annual General Meeting. The Ordinary shares will be marked ex- dividend on 7 July 2022. Strategy Our continuing strategy is to focus on growing our loyal customer base through representing premium and premium-volume franchises, maximising opportunities for premium used cars and delivering an excellent after sales service. We recognise that we operate in a rapidly changing environment and continue to carefully monitor the appropriateness of this strategy. We continue to seek opportunities to invest in the future growth of our business. We are concentrating on business opportunities in stronger markets to deliver higher returns from fewer but bigger sites. We continue to seek to deliver performance improvement, in particular in our used car and aftersales operations, and to enhance both the purchasing and aftersales experience for our customers. Annual General Meeting The Annual General Meeting will be held on 2 August 2022. As no regulations remain in place regarding social distancing, it is intended that the Annual General Meeting will be an open meeting, to which shareholders will be invited to attend in person. Outlook We have started the new financial year with a sense of optimism, although we are mindful of disruptions to manufacturers’ supply chains and dependent upon consumer confidence. We continue to enjoy supportive relationships with our banking partners, HSBC and Volkswagen Bank, with available but undrawn facilities at the year-end in excess of £10 million. The balance sheet is appropriately funded and our freehold property portfolio is a source of stability. We remain confident in the prospects of the Company and are ready to exploit future business opportunities. S G M Caffyn Chief Executive 26 May 2022 The Scheme operates with a fiduciary manager and the board, together with the independent pension fund trustees, continues to review options to reduce the cost of operation and its deficit. Actions that could further reduce the risk profile of the assets and more closely match the nature of the Scheme’s assets to its liabilities continue to be considered. The pension cost under IAS 19 is charged as a non-underlying cost and amounted to £0.2 million in the year (2021: £0.2 million). During the year, the latest formal triennial valuation of the Scheme, effective 31 March 2020, was completed with the valuation being formally submitted to the Pensions Regulator in June 2021. A recovery plan to address the Scheme deficit identified from this triennial valuation was agreed with the trustees under which the annual recovery plan payment would increase from £0.5 million to £0.8 million, with an additional one-off contribution of £1.0 million, which was paid in June 2021. The recurring annual recovery plan payment for each subsequent year will then increase by 2.25%, until superseded by any future new recovery plan to be agreed between the Company and the trustees. Therefore, the Company made deficit reduction contributions into the Scheme during the year of £1.8 million (2021: £0.5 million). Dividend The uncertainty caused by the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in the Company temporarily pausing its dividend payments to shareholders. The board is aware of the importance of dividend payments to its shareholders and remained committed to restarting dividend payments once it was appropriate to do so. The judgement of the board was that the performance of the business in the first half of the year meant that it would be appropriate to restart dividend payments and, accordingly, the board declared an interim dividend of 7.5 pence per Ordinary share (2021: Nil pence per Ordinary share). The board is also declaring a final dividend for the year of 15.0 pence (2021: Nil pence per Ordinary share) which will be paid on 9 06 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Strategic Report Business model Caffyns is one of the leading motor retail and aftersales companies in the south-east of England. The Company’s principal activities are the sale and maintenance of motor vehicles, including the sale of tyres, oil, parts and accessories. The Operational and Business Review, which forms part of the Strategic Report, principally covers the development and performance of the business and the external environment and is set out on pages 2 to 6. The main Key Performance Indicators are: 2022 223.93 7.71 4.39 117.0 111.3 10.43 30.0 2022 1.64 0.88 3.95 5.58 19.26 402 2021 165.09 5.12 1.42 66.0 52.4 10.33 37.4 2021 1.57 0.74 3.60 4.43 17.03 402 Business strategy The Company continues to focus on the premium and premium-volume market where it believes that there is greater scope to deliver stronger sales, profits and returns. Representation is held for a strong portfolio of nine franchises being Audi, LEVC, Lotus, MG, SEAT, Skoda, Vauxhall, Volkswagen and Volvo. We generally operate from our own freehold properties, which we believe offers better long-term returns and greater flexibility. Proceeds from disposals of properties are generally reinvested in the property portfolio. Financial Revenue (£ million) Underlying EBITDA (£ million) Profit for the year before tax (£ million) Underlying earnings per share (pence) Earnings per share (pence) Bank overdrafts and loans (net of cash in hand balances) (£ million) Gearing (%) Note: Underlying results exclude items that have non-trading attributes due to their size, nature or incidence. Other and non-financial UK new car market – total registrations (million) UK new car market – retail and small business sector registrations (million) Caffyns new car unit sales (‘000) Caffyns used car unit sales (‘000) Caffyns aftersales revenues (excluding internal sales) (£ million) Company employees (full-time equivalents) Source of UK market registrations: Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (“SMMT”). Business performance New and used cars Our new unit deliveries were up by 6.6% on a like-for-like basis. Over the twelve-month period, total UK new car registrations rose by 4.2% and, within this, the private and small business sector in which we have most exposure to rose by 19.0%. New car registrations to the fleet market in the year fell by 8.9%. Overall, we were satisfied with the level of new car deliveries we achieved for the year. Our used unit sales increased by 24.1% on a like-for-like basis, with very buoyant trading. Transaction data released by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders reported used car transactions in the UK up 11.5% for the 2021 calendar year. Aftersales Over recent years, new car registration levels have been adversely impacted by several factors, from changes in emissions regulations in 2018 and 2019, the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 and the continuing disruptions caused to manufacturers’ production levels from the global shortage of semiconductors. This has acted to significantly reduce the number of one to three-year-old cars in circulation. Despite these factors, aftersales revenues rose in the year by 18.6%, on a like-for-like basis, aided by further enhancements to our aftersales marketing and retention procedures which continue to benefit this area of the business. EBITDA EBITDA has seen a substantial increase during the year as the business rebounded from a covid-impacted year and enjoyed buoyant trading across both car sales and aftersales. However, it should be noted that the Company received a partial payment holiday from business rates from the local Councils in areas in which it operates, which produced a saving of £0.8 million. That payment holiday finished on 31 March 2022 so this saving will not be available to the Company for future financial periods. 07 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessStrategic Report continued Corporate social responsibility, Human rights and diversity Caffyns has a long-standing Corporate and Social Responsibility agenda including its approach to its employees, the environment, and health and safety. We are also conscious of human rights issues within the Company and the key area that would impact our business would be via our supply chain. However, our supply chain is predominantly the major international motor manufacturers who also take these issues very seriously. The UK Corporate Governance Code includes a recommendation that boards should consider the benefits of diversity, including gender, when making board appointments. The board recognises the importance of gender balance and the important requirement to ensure that there is an appropriate range of experience, balance of skills and background on the board. We will continue to make changes to the composition of the board irrespective of gender or any form of discrimination so that the best candidate is appointed. The table below gives the total number of our employees in each category, by gender, at 31 March 2022. Director Senior management All other employees Female Male Total 1 1 5 6 10 11 102 325 427 Employees We recognise that our people are our key asset and are responsible for delivering our strategy. We continue to invest in an enhanced training and development programme, with support from our manufacturer partners. The positive approach shown by our employees throughout the Company’s businesses has been key to our success. Employees are encouraged to discuss with management factors affecting the Company and any other matters that they are concerned about. In addition, the board takes account of employees’ interests when making decisions. We have a HR director who has day to day responsibility for employee welfare. Suggestions from employees aimed at improving the Company’s performance are welcomed. Good performance from employees is recognised every four months by their peer group who nominate employees for awards and formal company-wide recognition. A significant number of employees are remunerated partly by profit-related bonus schemes. We have a dedicated company intranet which keeps employees up to date with company developments and activities. This platform also includes the Company’s policies and procedures. Long service awards were made during the year to those staff with 25 years’ continuous service. All employment policies remain compliant with current legislation. It is our policy to encourage career development for all employees and to help staff achieve job satisfaction and increase their personal motivation. We support the recruitment of disabled people wherever possible. Priority is given to those who become disabled during their employment. Employment by the Company is offered on the basis of the person’s ability to work and not on the basis of race, individual characteristics or political opinion. We have continued to recruit to our apprenticeship programme, and we are seeing the benefits of this investment. We look to further recruit both apprentices and others across the Company’s businesses as we continue to grow. Principal risks and uncertainties Risk is an accepted part of doing business and the Company has a risk assessment process that facilitates the identification and mitigation of risk. While the risk factors listed below could cause our actual future results to differ materially from expected results, other factors could also adversely affect the Company and they should therefore not be considered to be a complete set of all potential risks and uncertainties. The risk factors should be considered alongside the statement on internal control and risk management included in the Statement on Corporate Governance on page 22 and those in note 21 to the financial statements. 08 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Principal risks Potential impact/material risk Key controls and mitigating factors Business conditions and the UK economy The profitability of the Company could be adversely affected by a worsening of general economic conditions in the United Kingdom, where all of its business is transacted. Other relevant factors would include the future path of the covid-19 pandemic, interest rates, unemployment, fuel prices, inflation, indirect taxation, the availability and cost of credit and other factors which could affect the level of consumer confidence. Monitoring of key macroeconomic indicators against internal performance leads to anticipation of, and mitigation for, expected volatilities. The Company is not responsible for the importation of new cars into the UK and is not exposed to border frictions. Conflict in the Ukraine The conflict in the Ukraine has resulted in a significant spike in the cost of energy, particularly for gas, as well as placing additional strain on manufacturers’ parts supply chains. A sustained increase in energy prices could have an effect on the Company’s future cost base and profitability whilst disrupted supply chains could adversely impact the receipt of an adequate supply of new cars from the manufacturers that the Company represents. Whilst currently confined to Ukrainian territory, the future progress of the conflict is highly unpredictable and could spread to other territories. The Company purchases its electricity and gas under long-term fixed priced contracts, shielding it from short-term movements in market prices. The Company represents a diversified range of car manufacturers, diluting its exposure to supply chain issues. Vehicle manufacturer dependencies Caffyns operates franchised motor dealerships. These franchises are awarded to the Company by the vehicle manufacturers. For ongoing business, the Company holds franchise agreements for its dealership operations. These agreements can be terminated by giving two years’ notice, or less in the event of a serious unremedied breach including continued under-performance. The Company is not aware of any existing breaches of these agreements. Diversifying through representing multiple marques reduces the potential dependency on any single manufacturer. Revenue streams from other activities (aftersales and used cars) prevent over-reliance on new car sales. Vehicle manufacturer marketing programmes Vehicle manufacturers provide a wide variety of marketing programmes which are used to promote new vehicle sales. A withdrawal or reduction in these programmes would have an adverse impact on our business. By representing multiple marques, the Company believes that this diversity reduces the potential impact on the Company. In addition, the Company continues to develop its own marketing initiatives. Used car prices The value of our used car inventory could decline significantly if market prices were to quickly fall. A large proportion of our business comprises used car sales and such declines could have a material impact through reduced profits on sales and write-downs in the value of inventories. Close monitoring of the ageing of vehicle inventories and a firm policy of inventory management help to mitigate this risk. Any impact is also mitigated by revenue streams being balanced between aftersales, new and used car sales. 09 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur Business Strategic Report continued Principal risks Potential impact/material risk Key controls and mitigating factors Transition to electric vehicle power-trains Government announcements have indicated that solus petrol and diesel power trains will no longer be permitted in new vehicles sold after 2030. This change may result in disruption to the supply and demand for new cars in the run up to 2030, and to the used car market. Ensuring that our premises are developed to be able to adapt to the expected future shift towards electric vehicles and that our representation of manufacturers is broad based to spread risk. Aftersales revenues The maintenance of battery-electric propulsion systems is expected to be less labour intensive and to require fewer replacements parts, in comparison to an equivalent petrol or diesel-powered engine. As a result, aftersales revenues are likely to fall in coming years as the transition to battery-electric vehicles accelerates. Careful control of the cost base of aftersales departments to ensure that costs remain commensurate with the levels of available revenues and more active upselling to ensure that revenue per vehicle is maximised. Environmental The transition to new battery-electric propulsion systems will pose risks to the business from a number of sources: additional investment required in providing an adequate charging infrastructure; lower demand for petrol and diesel- powered vehicles, potentially impacting on residual values; and space constraints for when potentially faulty battery- electric vehicles need to be quarantined, prior to repair. Representation of multiple marques reduces the potential dependency on any single manufacturer. Early installation of charging infrastructure minimises the likely necessity of installing additional electrical supply infrastructure. Liquidity and financing Liquidity and financing risks relate to our ability to pay for goods and services enabling us to trade. Our principal sources of finance are from our bankers by way of committed borrowing facilities, from manufacturers to fund the purchases of inventories, and trade credit from our suppliers. A withdrawal of facilities, or failure to renew them when due, could lead to a significant reduction in the trading capability of the Company. We work closely with providers of finance to help reduce this risk by managing expectations of trading results and utilisation of facilities. The status of our bank facilities is set out in note 21. These negotiated facilities provide sufficient liquidity and funding. We do not presently hedge against interest rate movements, but the position is kept under regular review. Regulatory compliance The Company is subject to regulatory compliance risk which could arise from a failure to comply fully with the laws, regulations or codes applicable. Non-compliance could lead to fines, cessation of certain business activities or public reprimand. The direction of new regulatory policy is monitored through close contact with relevant trade and representative bodies and these are carefully considered when developing strategy. Information systems The Company is dependent upon certain business-critical systems which, if interrupted for any considerable length of time, could have a material effect on the efficient running of our businesses. A series of contingency plans are in place that would enable the resumption of operations within a short space of time, thus mitigating the likelihood of material loss. 10 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022 Principal risks Potential impact/material risk Key controls and mitigating factors Competition Caffyns competes with other franchised vehicle dealerships, private buyers and sellers, internet-based dealers, independent service and repair shops and manufacturers who have entered the retail market. The sale of new and used cars, the performance of warranty repairs, routine maintenance business and the supply of spare parts operate in highly competitive markets. The principal competitive factors are price, reputation, customer service and knowledge of a manufacturer’s brands and models. We also compete with funders who finance customers’ car purchases directly. We regularly monitor our competitors’ activities and seek to price our products competitively, optimise customer service, efficiently utilise our customer database and fully understand our manufacturers’ brands and products. Changes in legislation in relation to the distribution and sale of vehicles Sales agreements are granted by manufacturers based on standards but agreements are restricted to areas of influence granted by manufacturers, who also determine choice of partner, enabling them to restrict entry into the franchise or the number of outlets any one dealer can hold. Aftersales agreements are legislated by a Block Exemption, dictating that aftersales businesses that meet a manufacturer’s qualitative standards criteria have an entitlement to represent that brand’s aftersales service and parts franchise. By continuing to focus on providing excellent customer facilities, excellent customer service and by providing high- level representation for the Company’s manufacturer partners, current business relationships will be maintained, providing opportunities for selective growth. Pension scheme Caffyns operates a defined benefit pension scheme which was closed to new entrants in 2006 and closed to future accrual in 2010. The scheme relies on achieving satisfactory investment returns sufficient to meet the present value of the accrued liabilities. Reduced investment returns or higher liabilities due to increased mortality rates and/or continuing record low interest rates could adversely affect the surplus or deficit of the scheme and may result in increased cash contributions in future. The Company reviews the position of the defined benefit pension scheme through regular meetings of a Pensions sub- committee, chaired by the Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee. The Company continues to review possible options to mitigate the risk of underlying volatility causing an increase in the deficit. Political uncertainties The United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union, coupled with wider global developments such as the conflict in Ukraine, means that a degree of uncertainty in the economic outlook exists. We believe the main risks to arise relate to consumer confidence, new car production levels, the potential impact that sterling/euro exchange rates may have on vehicle pricing, the possible imposition of tariffs and/ or restrictions on the imports of cars and parts into the United Kingdom. We continue to focus on delivering an excellent service to new and existing customers, giving confidence in our operations and building a strong loyalty base and to maintaining our close working relationship with our nine manufacturers. 11 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur Business Strategic Report continued Environment and climate change The Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) has published four “pillars” relating to disclosures and we include in this Annual Report certain of the recommended disclosures, although we would note that we are still at the beginning of this journey and that more time will be required to allow for a full consideration of the issues and outcomes. We expect to be able to widen our disclosures in future Annual Reports. The areas in which we are unable to comply and require more time to implement recommendations are listed below. It is expected that full implementation of these TCFD recommendations will require between two and three years, except for the measurement of scope 3 emissions where no time frame can currently be determined, as further clarity is required to identify which emissions would be applicable for the Company to have to measure. Areas of non-compliance are: • Completion of a full risk and opportunity assessment of climate- related risks and opportunities over the short, medium and long term, taking into account different scenarios including a 2 degree Celsius or lower scenario; • A description of the relative significance of climate-related risks in relation to our other principal risks; • Identification of specific climate- related targets and the metrics to be used to assess the achievement of these targets; and • Measurement and disclosure of scope 3 emissions. In relation to the four pillars relating to disclosures, the Company’s current position is as follows: • Governance: The board of directors retains ultimate responsibility for the Company’s environmental policies and for seeking to minimise the effect on the environment of our operations. This includes developing principles and approaches to protecting the environment to the extent that we are able, minimising the environmental impact of our business and providing a framework to manage climate related risks. Once these principles and approaches have been developed management will be responsible for their implementation. The board is considering whether subsidiary working parties should be formed and whether external assistance would be beneficial to review and quantify our carbon emissions; • Strategy: A fundamental change to our business will arise from the transition from cars powered by fossil fuels to cars powered by non-fossil fuels by 2030, most likely battery-electric but possibly also hydrogen. Energy supply, particularly of electricity and gas, will require close monitoring to ensure supplies are sustainable and affordable. The Company will continue its policy of entering into long-term contracts at fixed prices for the supply of electricity and gas; • Risk management: The Company has not yet been able to implement a process for identifying and assessing all climate-related risks but expects to have done so during the coming year. We will be reliant on our manufacturers to control the new car transition away from fossil-fuel powered engines by the supply of appropriately powered new cars but we will continue to monitor diversification of representation and other climate-related risks and opportunities; and • Metrics and targets: The Company’s aim is to consistently reduce its energy usage, and hence the amount of CO2 we emit from our activities, and to contribute towards worldwide efforts to limit global warming to 1.5% above pre-industrial levels. We disclose below our emissions caused by activities in the current financial year but we do not currently have the data available to be able to set targets for future years. The Company is aware of its environmental responsibilities arising from its motor retailing and aftersales activities and recognises that some of its activities affect the environment. Our Health, Safety and Environment Officer has received formal training in environmental management and is appropriately experienced in this field. Our policy is to promote and operate processes and procedures which, so far as is reasonably practicable, avoid or minimise the contamination of water, air or the ground. Licences are obtained from the relevant authorities, where required, to operate certain elements of the Company’s business. Waste is disposed of by authorised contractors and is recycled where possible. Special care is taken in the storage of fuels and oils. Through the management of these activities, we seek to minimise any adverse effects of its activities on the environment. 12 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022We also seek to reduce our energy and water consumption and our use of plastic materials. Audit processes are in place to measure usage and make recommendations for improvements. An electrical test monitoring regime is in place throughout the Company’s businesses. Use of the latest building materials is made in the construction of new sites and the refurbishment of existing locations. As our manufacturers transition away from petrol and diesel-powered cars our own fleet increasingly reflects that movement. At 31 March 2022 17% of our own demonstrator, courtesy and staff car fleet comprised either alternatively- fuelled or battery-electric cars. Future emissions legislative changes The Government has indicated that the sale of vehicles powered solely by an internal combustion engine will be banned from the end of 2030 onwards. Hybrid vehicles, which are powered by a combination of a battery and an internal combustion engine, will still be allowed to be sold up to the end of 2035. After that time, all vehicles will need to be powered without the use of an internal combustion engine. The implementation of this intended legislation will bring significant change to the motor retail industry, and we are working with our manufacturers to more fully develop our transitional plans. We have already installed electric charging points in all our Greenhouse gas emissions data Scope 1 Gas consumption Owned transport Water supply Scope 2 Purchased electricity Generated electricity Statutory total Revenue (£million) dealerships, although further installations will be required in the coming years. A number of the other actions we have already taken are detailed below and we anticipate fuller disclosures of our plans, and their possible impact on the business, will be made in future Annual Reports. Streamlined energy and carbon reporting This section includes our mandatory reporting of greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021, the latest annual period for which data is available, and is pursuant to the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors’ Report) Regulations 2013. We report our emissions data using an operational control approach taking data for which we deem ourselves responsible, including both energy consumption and vehicle usage for business use. In the 2021 calendar year, our businesses emitted 796 tonnes of carbon dioxide (“CO2”) (2020: 1,197 tonnes). The significant reduction in the tonnage of CO2 emitted from our usage of electricity arose primarily from the improvement in the conversion factor for electricity, rather than reduction in the absolute level of kWhs used, as a result of the increasing levels of UK electrical generation coming from renewables and other non-fossil fuel sources. Our emissions are principally of CO2 and are from the following sources: Tonnes of CO2 2021 Tonnes of CO2 2020 Tonnes of CO2 2019 278.9 39.4 4.1 479.1 (5.5) 796.0 201.4 250.8 27.4 4.4 308.8 74.2 4.8 920.8 (6.3) 972.6 (6.3) 1,197.1 176.1 1,354.1 203.7 Scope 1 and Scope 2 energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions data has been calculated in line with the UK Government environmental reporting guidance. Emission Factor Databases consistent with the UK Government environmental reporting guidance have been used, utilising the current published kWh gross calorific value and CO2e emissions factors relevant for the reporting calendar year. We have selected emissions £million of revenues per tonne as our intensity ratio as this, in our view, provides the best comparative measure over time. 2019 intensity ratio: 6.6 tonnes of CO2 per £million of revenue 2020 intensity ratio: 6.8 tonnes of CO2 per £million of revenue 2021 intensity ratio: 4.0 tonnes of CO2 per £million of revenue The Company’s total energy consumption for the period 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021 was 3.9 million kWh (2020: 3.5 million kWh). The 2020 calendar year was heavily impacted by the covid-19 pandemic for much of the year with lockdown periods where, to varying degrees, the business was in lockdown mode and not fully operational, which had the effect of reducing its energy usage. The methodology for calculating this annual energy consumption figure was the same as that outlined above for producing the estimate of the Company greenhouse gas emissions. All of the Company’s energy consumption arose in the United Kingdom. Our greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste arise from a number of waste streams generated from our business. For conversion to carbon dioxide equivalent (“CO2e”) data is not readily available for a number of our waste streams, so we have chosen to report this in weight and percentage of waste recycled compared to waste sent to landfill, as opposed to CO2. Waste in 2021 was 509.1 tonnes (2020: 491.8 tonnes) of which 95% was recycled (2020: 98%). 13 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessStrategic Report continued Reducing carbon and waste During the year, we have continued to assess and monitor our energy use and, where practicable, we continue to implement measures in order to reduce the environmental impact of our activities. Climate change influences seasonal energy usage and while, at times, we benefit from milder weather, we are aware that any adverse change could affect energy usage. To minimise our energy usage we continue, where practicable, to install LED lighting at our sites as this uses significantly less energy than conventional lighting. In addition, we limit the duration of periods when full lighting is used, using sensors and timers to further reduce the energy we use. We continue to improve our energy use and efficiency by replacing old equipment with new efficient units and ensuring workshop doors are closed when not in use by fitting automatic closing devices. Water use in valeting areas uses recycling facilities, where practicable, and all sites have appropriate water filtration systems. At one dealership, we are able to generate electricity through the use of roof-mounted photovoltaic cells, whilst elsewhere, we use air-sourced heat pumps to reduce electricity consumption. We seek to limit our paper consumption and waste through increasingly paperless communications and systems, and to minimise the use of plastic materials. Health and safety The board recognises its responsibility to members of staff and others working or visiting our facilities to provide, so far as is reasonably practicable, an environment that is safe and without risk to their health and this is always the first agenda item at each board meeting. The board maintains ultimate responsibility for health and safety issues with a full-time Heath, Safety and Environment Officer responsible on a day-to-day basis, supported by all levels of management. The Company’s policy is to identify potential hazards and assess the risks presented by its activities and to provide systems and procedures which allow our staff to take responsible decisions in their work in relation to their own, and others’, safety. We promote awareness of potential risks and hazards and implementation of corresponding preventative or remedial actions through online health and safety systems, operations manuals and monthly communication on topical issues. With clear lines of operating unit responsibility, staff are supported by specialist guidance from the Heath, Safety and Environment Officer. All our staff have access to a detailed health and safety guide. Section 172 statement Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 requires directors to take into consideration the interests of all stakeholders and other matters in their decision making. The directors continue to have regard to the interests of the Company’s employees and other stakeholders, the impact of its activities on the community, the environment and the Company’s reputation for good business conduct, when making decisions. In this context, acting in good faith and fairly, the directors consider what is most likely to promote the success of the Company for its members in the long term. We explain in this Annual Report how the board engages with stakeholders. • Relations with key stakeholders, such as shareholders and suppliers, are considered in more detail on page 22; • The Company’s employees are recognised as vital to its success and employee relations are considered in more detail on pages 3, 8 and 36. The board intends to further enhance its methods of engagement with its employees in the coming financial year with the Chief Executive visiting the Company’s sites regularly for question-and-answer sessions with staff. He will report to the board on the outcome of these sessions. In addition, the board takes account of employees’ interests when making decisions; • The directors are fully aware of their responsibilities to promote the success of the Company in accordance with section 172 of the Companies Act 2006. To ensure the Company operates in line with good corporate practice, all directors receive refresher training annually on the scope and application of section 172. This encourages the board to reflect on how the Company engages with its stakeholders and opportunities for enhancement in the future and was considered at the Company’s board meeting in March 2022. As required, the Company Secretary provides support to the board to help ensure that sufficient consideration is given to issues relating to the matters set out in s172(1)(a)-(f); • The board regularly reviews the Company’s principal stakeholders and how it engages with them; • This is achieved through information provided by management and also by direct engagement with stakeholders themselves; and • We aim to work responsibly with our stakeholders, including suppliers. The board has recently reviewed its anti-corruption and anti-bribery, equal opportunities, and whistleblowing policies. During the year under review, ended 31 March 2022, the key decisions taken by the board included: Covid-19 pandemic: The Company started its financial year with its car showrooms closed and able to operate only a click-and-collect service, as they were classified by Government as non-essential businesses. Fortunately, restrictions were lifted in mid-April 2021 and, from that point, our showrooms joined our workshops in being able to operate as usual, albeit with strict social distancing in place for customers and staff and, for a time, measures for car sales such as appointment-only access to showrooms and unaccompanied test drives. As the year has progressed, covid-19 has become largely an endemic threat, but the board has been mindful of ensuring a safe environment for its employees and customers. 14 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Dividends: The Company is aware of its responsibility to shareholders to provide a return on the investment that they have made and has returned over £3.50 in dividends per Ordinary share over the last two decades. However, the initial stages of the covid-19 pandemic presented a major challenge to the business and resulted in the Company receiving significant financial support from Government and local Councils and also from stakeholders such as its funders and suppliers. As a result, the board paused the payment of dividends in the previous financial year, whilst remaining committed to restarting the payment of dividends to shareholders as soon as it deemed it was appropriate to do so. At the half-year stage, in September 2021, the board decided that it would be appropriate to restart dividends and an interim dividend of 7.5 pence was declared to holders of the Ordinary shares. The financial performance of the Company in the current financial year has been strong, allowing the board to also declare a final dividend for the year, of 15.0 pence per Ordinary share. Pension scheme triennial valuation: The triennial valuation of the Company’s defined benefit pension scheme was effective from 31 March 2020. The Scheme has operated with an actuarial deficit for a number of years with a recovery plan having been agreed between the Company and the Scheme’s trustees following the previous triennial valuation in 2017. This recovery plan included the payment of a one-off cash contribution of £1 million to the Scheme, which was paid in June 2021. The board has been very mindful of its responsibilities to its current and previous employees who are members of the Scheme and for the need to appropriately deal with the Scheme’s deficit, whilst ensuring that the Company has adequate resources to develop and strengthen its businesses, in order to ensure its future success. The board has worked constructively with the Scheme’s trustees and agreed a new recovery plan with the Scheme’s trustees. The formal valuation and associated recovery plan were submitted to the Pensions Regulator prior to the requisite deadline of 30 June 2021. Relocation of Volvo Worthing: The Company was able to extend its representation for Volvo in June 2020 through the provision of a new dealer agreement for a West Sussex territory, based in Worthing. The directors were encouraged with the level of trading in its first year of operation and have agreed with the manufacturer that the business should be relocated to a new-build facility, to be constructed on land already owned by the Company in nearby Angmering. Planning permission for the new facility is being sought and construction is expected to start once a planning consent is granted, with the new facility expected to be available to open in 2023. Additional manufacturer representation: The board continues to seek new opportunities to maximise the effectiveness of its property portfolio and was pleased to receive an offer to extend its representation for Lotus through an additional territory in Sussex, geographically adjacent to its existing territory in Kent. Lotus Cars are part of the Zhejiang Geely group and are developing several new electric-vehicle models, including the Evija, an electric- powered supercar. We are excited to be extending our representation of this venerable British brand and expect to commence trading in June 2022. Lewes freehold: The Company’s freehold property in Lewes is surplus to requirements as no long-term motor trade use for the property has been identified. The board has therefore decided that the best option is for the property to be developed for an alternative non-motor retail use and that maximum value would be gained through a sale of the freehold. It is expected that contracts will be exchanged shortly for a sale to a third party, contingent on an appropriate planning consent being obtained by the purchaser. The final sale of the freehold would not be expected to complete until 2025. By order of the board SGM Caffyn Chief Executive 26 May 2022 15 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessBoard of Directors Directors RICHARD C WRIGHT PG Dip FIMI FCIM Chairman SIMON G M CAFFYN MA FIMI Chief Executive MICHAEL WARREN BSc FCA Finance SARAH J CAFFYN BSc FCIPD AICSA FIMI Human Resources NIGEL T GOURLAY BSc Non-executive and senior independent director STEPHEN G BELLAMY BCom CA(NZ) Non-executive HSBC BANK PLC 1 Centenary Square, Birmingham B1 1HQ VOLKSWAGEN BANK Brunswick Court, Yeomans Drive, Blakelands, Milton Keynes, MK14 5LR BDO LLP Statutory Auditor Arcadia House, Maritime Walk, Ocean Village, Southampton, SO14 3TL SARAH J CAFFYN BSc FCIPD AICSA FIMI 4 Meads Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN20 7DR Telephone (01323) 730201 Bankers Independent Auditor Company Secretary Registered Office 16 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Chairman’s Statement on Corporate Governance This statement explains how the Company has applied the main and supporting principles of corporate governance and describes the Company’s compliance with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”), as published in 2018 by the Financial Reporting Council and available at www.frc.org.uk. The Company fully complied with all provisions of the Code throughout the year ended 31 March 2022, except for Provisions 10, 11, 24, 36, 38 and 39. • Provision 10 requires that non- executive directors should be deemed to have lost their independence once they have served for nine years. Mr R C Wright was appointed as Chairman on 26 July 2012 so exceeded nine years’ service during the financial year. The board believes that Mr R C Wright will continue to act independently and to robustly challenge the executive, where appropriate; • Provision 11 requires at least half the board, excluding the Chairman, should consist of independent non-executive directors. The board believes the composition of the board and the committees reflect the compact nature of the board and size of the Company as a whole, and that directors have shown that they are able to work in a collegiate fashion; • Provision 24 requires that the chairman of the board should not be a member of the Audit & Risk Committee. The Company believes that an Audit & Risk Committee of three non-executive directors operates better than one with just two members and, due to the size of the board, the chairman needs to be a member in order to achieve this; • Provision 36 requires that remuneration schemes for directors should promote long-term shareholdings by executive directors and support alignment with long-term shareholder interests. The Company operates a Save As You Earn scheme for all eligible employees, including directors, but does not operate a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) for directors, primarily due to the volatility in the share price and relative lack of liquidity in the trading of its shares. However, all executive directors are Ordinary shareholders and those shareholdings are detailed on page 36; • Provision 38 requires that only directors’ salaries should be pensionable. The Company Secretary is a member of the Company’s defined contribution pension scheme on the same terms as all other employees and any bonus payments made to her are pensionable. This is a long-standing arrangement with which the board is satisfied and has decided that it would not be in the best interests of the Company to change her existing employment contract; and Schedule of matters reserved for decision by the board • Business strategy; • Approval of significant capital projects and other investments; • Principal terms of agreements for the Company’s principal banking facilities; • Annual business plan and budget monitoring; • Risk management strategy and internal control and governance arrangements; • Approval of acquisitions and divestments; • Changes to management and control structure; • Significant changes to accounting policies and/or practices; • Financial reporting to shareholders; • Dividend policy; • Provision 39 requires that notice • Health and safety policy; periods should be one year or less. The Chief Executive has a service contract which runs for more than twelve months (see page 27 of the Directors’ Remuneration Report). This also is a long-standing arrangement. The Remuneration Committee reviews the position annually and has decided that it would not be in the best interests of the Company to change his existing contract. A description of the Company’s business model and strategy is set out in the Strategic Report on page 7. Structure of the board and its key activities The board is collectively responsible for the long-term success of the Company and for ensuring that it operates to a governance standard which serves the best interests of the Company. The board sets the strategy of the Company and its individual trading businesses and ensures that the Company has in place the financial and human resources it needs to meet its objectives. There is a written schedule of matters reserved for board decision, which is summarised below. • Changes in employee share incentives; • Reviewing the overall corporate governance arrangements; • Appointments to the board and its committees; • Policies relating to directors’ remuneration and service; • Prosecution, defence or settlement of material litigation; • Any alterations to the share capital of the Company; • Approval of all circulars and announcements to shareholders; • Major changes to the Company’s pension schemes; and • Insurance cover, including directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and indemnification of the directors. The Chairman takes responsibility for ensuring that the directors receive accurate, timely and clear information. Monthly financial information is provided to the directors. Regular and ad hoc reports and presentations are circulated, with all board and committee papers being issued in advance of meetings by the Company Secretary. In addition to formal board meetings, the Chairman 17 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceChairman’s Statement on Corporate Governance continued maintains regular contact with the Chief Executive and other directors to discuss specific issues. In furtherance of their duties, the directors have full access to the Company Secretary and may take independent professional advice at the Company’s expense. The board believes that, given the experience and skills of its directors, the identification of training needs is best left to the individual’s discretion. If any developmental need is identified through the board’s formal appraisal process or by an individual director, the Company makes the necessary resources available. As part of their role, the non-executive directors constructively challenge and help develop proposals on strategy. The non-executive directors scrutinise management’s performance in meeting agreed goals and objectives and monitor the reporting of performance. They satisfy themselves on the integrity of financial information and that the Company’s financial controls and systems of risk management are robust and defensible. They determine appropriate levels of remuneration of executive directors and have a prime role in appointing and, where necessary, removing executive directors, and in succession planning. The non-executive directors meet formally, without the executive directors, at least once a year. Operating within prescribed delegated authority, such as capital expenditure limits, the operational running of the Company and its businesses is carried out by the executive directors, led by the Chief Executive. The board delegates certain of its duties to its Audit and Risk, Nomination and Remuneration Committees, each of which operates within prescribed terms of reference. These are set out on the Company’s website. The responsibilities of the board’s committees are set out below and on page 19 of this report and in the Directors’ Remuneration Report. The board has evaluated the performance of its Audit & Risk and Remuneration Committees for the year under review. The Chairman and the respective committee chairman take responsibility for carrying out any actions recommended as a result of that evaluation. 18 Performance evaluation The board has established a procedure to evaluate its performance, as well of its Audit & Risk and Remuneration committees, and its individual directors. Detailed questionnaires are completed by the directors, who then debate any matters arising. Individual director evaluation has shown that each director continues to demonstrate commitment to the role. The non-executive directors, led by the senior independent director, have carried out a performance evaluation of the Chairman after taking account of the views of the executive directors. The Chairman has reviewed the performance of the non-executive directors and the Chief Executive. The Chief Executive has reviewed the other executive directors. The board intends to carry out further performance evaluations but will keep under review the method and frequency. The latest board evaluation process concluded that the board and its committees were operating effectively, with clear demarcation of the respective responsibilities of individual directors and board committees. The board is satisfied that all directors are each able to devote the amount of time required to attend to the Company’s affairs and their duties as a board member. The Chairman discusses with each director any training and development needs. Board composition and independence As at 26 May 2022, the board comprised three executive directors and three non- executive directors, one of whom is the Chairman. Mr R C Wright is the non- executive Chairman and Mr S G M Caffyn is the Chief Executive. The Chairman leads the board and the Chief Executive manages the Company and implements the strategy and policies adopted by the board. There is a clear division of responsibility between the role of the non-executive Chairman and the Chief Executive; this is recorded in a written statement which is reviewed and agreed annually by the board. The Chairman is responsible for leadership of the board and ensuring its effectiveness for all aspects of its role. The Company maintains appropriate directors’ and officers’ insurance in respect of legal action against its directors. Directors’ conflict of interest Conflicts of interest can include situations where a director has an interest that directly or indirectly conflicts, or may possibly conflict, with the interests of the Company. The board operates a formal system for directors to declare at all board meetings all conflicts of interest. The non-conflicted directors must act in the way they consider, in good faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Company. Balance and challenge The non-executive directors complement the skills and experience of the executive directors, providing the requisite degree of judgement and scrutiny to the decision-making process at board and committee level. Mr N T Gourlay is the senior independent director. The board maintains and regularly reviews a register of all interests, offices and appointments that are material to be considered in the assessment of the independence of directors and has concluded that there are not, in relation to any director, any relationships or circumstances regarded by the Company as affecting their exercising independent judgement. Re-election of directors All directors will seek re-election annually in accordance with the latest corporate governance recommendations. Meetings and attendance There were eight meetings of the board in the year under review. All directors were in attendance for all of the meetings. Nomination Committee Our Nomination Committee comprises two non-executive directors, the non- executive Chairman and the Chief Executive. The members are: R C Wright (Chairman) N T Gourlay S G Bellamy S G M Caffyn Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022The Nomination Committee is responsible for leading the process for appointments to the board and meets at least once a year. The Committee is chaired by Mr R C Wright. The Company Secretary or alternate also attends meetings in her capacity as secretary of the Committee. Where the matters discussed relate to the chairman, such as in the case of selection and appointment of the Company Chairman, the senior independent director chairs the Committee. New directors receive a full, formal and tailored induction on joining the board. The principal responsibilities of the Committee are as follows: • To regularly review the structure, size and composition of the board and make recommendations to the board regarding any adjustments deemed appropriate; • To prepare the description of the role and capabilities required for a particular board appointment. Executive search consultants may be retained as appropriate to assist in this process; • To identify, and nominate for the approval by the board, candidates to fill board vacancies as and when they arise; • To satisfy itself, with regard to succession planning, that processes are in place regarding both board and senior appointments; and • To undertake an annual performance evaluation to ensure that all members of the board have devoted sufficient time to their duties. The Committee met twice during the year. All members eligible to attend were present at both the meetings. Audit and Risk Committee Our Audit and Risk Committee comprises two non-executive directors and the Chairman. The members are: N T Gourlay (chairman) R C Wright S G Bellamy The Committee is chaired by Mr N T Gourlay. The Company Secretary, or alternate, also attends meetings in her capacity as secretary of the Committee. The chairman of the Committee is considered by the board as having recent and relevant financial experience. The board also remains satisfied that the Committee as a whole has competence relevant to the sectors in which the Company operates. The chairman of the board is on the Committee due to his experience and the small number of non- executive directors on the board. The board are satisfied with this arrangement. The Audit and Risk Committee meets at least three times a year. The meetings are attended by invitation by the executive directors and by the head of the internal audit function and the internal auditor, and by representatives of the Company’s external auditor, at the chairman’s discretion. The Committee’s meetings in quarters one and three coincide with the Company’s reporting timetable for its audited financial statements and unaudited interim condensed financial statements respectively. During these meetings, the Committee: • Reviews the drafts of the financial statements and preliminary and interim results announcements; and • Reviews all published accounts (including interim reports) and post-audit findings before their presentation to the board, focusing in particular on accounting policies, compliance, management judgement and estimates, and considers the reports of the external auditor on the unaudited interim condensed financial statements and the full-year audited financial statements. At the second of these meetings, the Committee reviews the external audit plan. The Committee’s third meeting is primarily concerned with: • Reviewing the Company’s systems of control and their effectiveness; • Significant corporate governance issues, such as those relating to the regulation of financial services; • Reviewing the external auditor’s performance; • Reviewing the risk register and making recommendations to the board on the content and relative importance of the risks identified; • Recommending to the board the reappointment, or not, of the external auditor; and • Reviewing the effectiveness and independence of the external auditor, including monitoring the level of audit and non-audit fees. The Committee met three times in the year with all directors in attendance at all the meetings. The Committee reviewed the effectiveness of the Company’s system of internal control and financial risk management during the year, including the review of the Company’s risk register, and including consideration of reports from both the internal and external auditors. The Committee reported the results of its work to the board and the board considered these reports when reviewing the effectiveness of the Company’s system of internal control which forms part of the board’s high-level risk review performed during the year. The effectiveness of the internal audit function was also monitored. The Committee provides advice to the board on whether the annual report is fair, balanced and provides the necessary information shareholders require to assess the Company’s performance, business model and strategy. In doing so, the following issues have been addressed specifically: • Review of key strategic risks: The Committee chairman conducts an annual review of key strategic risks and would normally undertake site visits in order to ensure that the review includes a detailed understanding of the business. However, due to the covid-19 pandemic, these visits remained suspended in the year. The review highlights the key risks based on a combination of likelihood and impact, and then also considers what appropriate mitigating factors should be implemented (highlights from this work are included in the Strategic Report). • Review of poorly performing dealerships: As part of both the interim and year-end review processes, consideration is given to potential impairments of property, plant and equipment, investment property and goodwill relating to poorly performing locations and that any related impairments are provided for. Management then follow up with detailed action plans to either 19 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceChairman’s Statement on Corporate Governance continued Mr N T Gourlay will attend the 2022 Annual General Meeting and will be available at that meeting to answer any questions regarding the workings of the Audit & Risk Committee that shareholders may wish to raise. Anti-bribery During the year, as well as its routine business, the Committee continued to monitor the suitability of the Company’s controls designed to combat bribery to satisfy itself of the adequacy of its systems and procedures for the prevention of bribery and corruption, particularly in the light of the Bribery Act 2010. It has reviewed the Company’s anti-bribery policy statement which has been adopted by the board. Whistleblowing The Committee has reviewed the arrangements for its employees to raise, in confidence, concerns about possible improprieties in relation to financial reporting, suspected fraud and dishonest acts, or other similar matters, commonly known as “whistleblowing”. The Committee reviews any such reported incidences and any improvements to internal procedures that may be required. Non-audit services provided by the external auditor Non-audit services provided by the Company’s auditor are kept under review by the Committee. The Company’s auditor does not provide compliance services in the field of taxation advice. The Committee ensures that the auditor’s objectivity and independence are safeguarded by ensuring that the level of fees is not material to either the Company nor the auditor. The report from BDO LLP confirming their independence and objectivity was reviewed by the chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee and the Finance Director. The level of fees paid to BDO LLP for non- audit services is not regarded to conflict with auditor independence. Fees payable to the auditor are set out in note 3 to the financial statements. Effectiveness and independence of the external auditor The Committee is responsible for advising the board on the appointment of the auditor, assessing their independence and formulating policy on the award of non-audit work. The current auditor is BDO and the year under review is their third year of tenure. They were appointed as the result of a formal competitive tender process in 2019. Non-audit work is only awarded to the external auditor after due consideration of matters of objectivity, independence, value for money, quality of service and efficiency. At the conclusion of each year’s audit, the performance of the external auditor is reviewed by the Committee, with the executive directors, covering such areas as quality of audit team, business understanding, audit approach and process management. Where appropriate, actions are agreed against the points raised and subsequently monitored for progress. We note that, as part of their normal cycle of reviews, the Financial Reporting Council (“FRC”) has reviewed BDO’s audit of the 31 March 2021 Annual Report. The Audit & Risk Committee received the final report on 23 May 2022 and has had initial discussions as to the findings with the audit partner. The chairman of the Audit & Risk Committee will engage further with the wider audit committee once he has discussed the detailed report with the FRC. Tax strategy and objective As a responsible taxpayer, the Company is committed to establishing, maintaining and monitoring the implementation of an appropriate tax strategy. Our tax strategy is aligned with our objective of paying the correct amount of tax at the right time. Commercial transactions are therefore structured in the most tax efficient way but without resorting to artificial arrangements that we would regard as abusive. There is an ethical dimension to achieving this objective. The ethical improve dealership performance or seek an exit solution. The Committee also reviews progress on these plans at the following review. As part of the external audit, the Committee fully discusses with the external auditor the identification of cash generating units (“CGUs”) for the purposes of impairment testing. The Committee is satisfied that no impairments were required in relation to the current financial year. • Going concern: The Finance Director provides an assessment of the Company’s ability to continue to trade on a going concern basis for a period of one year from the date of approval of this Annual Report. Forecasts are based on financial plans agreed with the board (budgets or forecasts), the Company’s most recent trading results, and include a range of possible downside scenarios including the impact of the ongoing covid-19 pandemic and restrictions placed on business in order to combat its effects. The assumptions that underpin the assessments are considered and discussed in detail when the Committee meets. The conclusion of that review is included in the Going Concern section of this report. Inventory valuation: The value of new and used cars, as well as the provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventory, can have a significant influence on the inventory valuation in the financial statements. The Committee has considered the Company’s procedures and controls, which are satisfactory, to reduce the risk of misstatement in relation to inventory valuation. • • Pensions: The Company operates a defined benefit pension scheme, closed to future accrual, which has an excess of liabilities over the value of assets owned by the scheme. The assessment of the valuation of the scheme is based on several key assumptions, which can have a significant impact on the valuation of the deficit. The Committee has considered the assumptions used for the valuation of the liabilities of the scheme and is satisfied that these are reasonable. 20 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022dimension reflects the need to mitigate the risk to the Company’s reputation that would arise from tax strategy that entails aggressive tax planning. A copy of the Company’s tax strategy is available from its corporate website, www.caffynsplc.co.uk. Going concern The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which the directors consider appropriate for the reasons set out below. The directors have considered the going concern basis and have undertaken a detailed review of trading and cash flow forecasts for a period of one year from the date of approval of this Annual Report. This has focused primarily on the achievement of the banking covenants. All three bank covenant tests have been passed for the year under review. Under the Company’s first covenant test, it is required to make underlying profits before senior interest (that being paid to HSBC and VW Bank on its term loan and revolving credit facility borrowings), corporation tax, depreciation and amortisation (“senior EBITDA”) for a rolling twelve-month period which is at least four times the level of senior interest. Under the second test, the Company’s borrowings from HSBC and VW Bank on its term loan and revolving credit facilities must be less than 375% of its senior EBITDA. The Company’s final covenant test requires that the level of its bank borrowings do not exceed 70% of the independently assessed value of its charged freehold properties. Property values would need to reduce by some two-thirds before this covenant test became at risk of failure. These Company’s covenants are tested quarterly with the test on 31 March 2023 being the final test to be carried out within the twelve-month period from the anniversary of the signing of these financial statements. The Company has modelled this period and conclude that there is headroom that would allow for an approximate 10% reduction in expected new and used units over this period. External market commentary provided by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (“SMMT”) indicate that new car registrations are forecast to show a year- on-year increase of 5% in 2022 to 1.72 million, with a further 17% increase into 2023 to 2.02 million registrations as the global shortage in semiconductors ends, allowing manufacturing levels to rise. The used car market has remained stable over the five years from 2015 to 2019, at between 7.6 and 8.2 million transactions and dropped by only 15% in 2020 due to the effects of the covid-19 pandemic, compared to a comparable 29% fall in new car registrations. Since showrooms reopened in April 2021, demand for used cars has been buoyant and transactions grew by 12% in 2021. The continuing shortage in new car supply has assisted the used car market and is expected to continue to do so. The Company’s financial results in the year under review were robust and the current new car order take held for future delivery is at elevated levels. The directors have also considered the Company’s working capital requirements. The Company meets its day-to-day working capital requirements through short-term stocking loans, bank overdraft and revolving credit facility, and medium-term revolving credit facilities and term loans. At the year-end, the medium-term banking facilities included a term loan with an outstanding balance of £6.2 million and a revolving credit facility of £6.0 million from HSBC, its primary bankers, with both facilities being next renewable in April 2026. HSBC also make available a short-term overdraft facility of £3.5 million, which is renewed annually each August. The Company also has a ten-year term loan from Volkswagen Bank with a balance outstanding at 31 March 2022 of £1.0 million, which is repayable, to March 2024, and a short-term revolving-credit facility of £4.0 million, which is renewed annually each August. In the opinion of the directors, there is a reasonable expectation that all facilities will be renewed at their scheduled expiry dates. The failure of a covenant test would render these facilities repayable on demand at the option of the lender. Information concerning the Company’s liquidity and financing risk are set out on page 10 and note 21 to the financial statements. The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources and headroom against the covenant test to be able continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and for a period of one year from the date of approval of the Annual Report. For those reasons, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing this Annual Report. Viability statement In accordance with provision 31 of the UK Corporate Governance Code, the directors have assessed the viability of the Company over a three-year period to 31 March 2025 and have concluded that the Company is viable over that chosen period. The directors believe this period to be appropriate as the Company’s strategic review considered by the board encompasses this period. In making their assessment, the directors have considered the Company’s current financial position and performance and its cash flow projections, including future capital expenditure, in relation to the availability of finance and funding facilities, and have considered these factors in relation to the principal risks and uncertainties which are included in the Report of the Directors. During the year to 31 March 2022, the board carried out a robust assessment of the principal risks facing the Company, including those that would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity. The directors believe that the Company is well placed to manage its business risks successfully, having considered the principal risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the board believes that, taking into account the Company’s current position, and subject to the principal risks faced by the business, the Company will be able to continue in operation and to meet its liabilities as they fall due for the period up to 31 March 2025. 21 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceChairman’s Statement on Corporate Governance continued is a resolution to approve the Annual Report and financial statements. The Company counts all proxy votes and, after it has been dealt with by a show of hands, indicates the level of proxies lodged on each resolution. Relations with suppliers The board maintains close relationships with its suppliers and, in particular, with the nine motor manufacturers for which it currently holds operating franchises: namely Audi, LEVC, Lotus, MG, SEAT, Skoda, Vauxhall, Volkswagen and Volvo. The Chief Executive holds regular meetings with these parties and the Company’s operations are split into three divisions with the head of each division specifically tasked with maintaining a close and mutually beneficial relationship with their manufacturer. For its wider supplier base, the Company ensures that it operates in an ethical manner, ensuring that invoices are settled within agreed terms. The average credit period taken for trade-related purchases in the year under review was twenty-eight days (2021: thirty-three days). The shortening of the payment settlement period arose primarily from the withdrawal in the prior year of certain payment extensions allowed by many of the Company’s vehicle manufacturers in relation to the covid-19 pandemic. During the year, the Company has been appointed by Lotus Cars to extend its representation, with the addition of a Sussex territory. The Company expects to commence trading for this new business brands from its existing site in Lewes, Sussex, in June 2022. By order of the board R C Wright Chairman 26 May 2022 Risk management and internal controls The board is responsible for maintaining a sound system of internal controls, including financial, operational and compliance controls and risk management, and reviews the effectiveness of the system at least annually in order to safeguard shareholders’ investment and the Company’s assets. The system is designed to manage rather than eliminate risk and can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. The board has completed a robust assessment of the Company’s emerging and principal risks, including a description of its principal risks, the procedures that are in place to identify emerging risks, and an explanation of how these risks are being managed or mitigated. The board has reviewed the effectiveness of the system of internal control. In particular, it has reviewed and updated the process for identifying and evaluating the significant risks affecting the business and the policies and procedures by which these risks are managed. Management are responsible for the identification and evaluation of significant risks applicable to their areas of business together with the design and operation of suitable internal controls. These risks are assessed on a regular basis and may be associated with a variety of internal or external sources, including control breakdowns, disruption to information systems, competition, natural catastrophe, customer or supplier actions and regulatory requirements. The process used by the board is to review the effectiveness of the system of internal control, including a review of legal compliance, health and safety and environmental issues on a six-monthly basis. Insurance and risk management and treasury issues are reviewed annually or more frequently if necessary. In addition, the Audit and Risk Committee reviews the scope of audits, the half- yearly and annual financial statements (including compliance with legal and regulatory requirements) and reports to the board on financial issues raised by both the internal and external audit functions. Financial control is exercised through an organisational structure which has clear management responsibilities with segregation of duties, authorisation procedures and appropriate information systems. The system of annual budgeting with monthly reporting and comparisons to budget is a key control over the business and in the preparation of consolidated accounts. There is an ongoing programme of internal audit visits to monitor financial and operational controls throughout the Company. The executive directors receive regular reports from the internal audit and health and safety monitoring functions which include recommendations for improvement. Financial reporting The directors consider the annual report and accounts, taken as a whole, to be fair, balanced and understandable, and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s position, performance, business model and strategy. Relations with shareholders The board values the constructive views of its shareholders and recognises their interest in the Company’s strategy and performance, board membership and quality of management. The views of major shareholders are reported back to the board as appropriate. The non- executive directors are available to attend meetings with major shareholders. The principal methods of communication with private investors are the Interim Report, the Annual Report and the Annual General Meeting. Information on the Company is also included on its corporate website, www.caffynsplc.co.uk. The Annual General Meeting is used to communicate with investors. The chairmen of the Audit and Risk, Remuneration and Nomination Committees are available to answer questions. Separate resolutions are proposed on each issue so that they can be given proper consideration and there 22 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Conclusion The directors’ remuneration policy that follows this annual statement sets out the Committee’s principles on remuneration for the future and the annual report on remuneration provides details of the remuneration for the year ended 31 March 2022. The Committee will continue to be mindful of shareholder views and interests and we believe that our directors’ remuneration policy continues to be aligned with the achievement of the Company’s business objectives. By order of the board S G Bellamy Chairman of the Remuneration Committee 26 May 2022 Directors’ Remuneration Report Remuneration outcomes for the financial year ended 31 March 2022 Annual bonus opportunities for the directors are based on the achievement of underlying profit before tax targets, subject to the discretion of the Remuneration Committee. The necessary profit target was achieved in relation to the financial year ended 31 March 2022 which would have led to the award of bonuses to the executive directors of 100% of salary. However, the executive directors requested the Remuneration Committee to apply its discretion and reduce the level of bonus award to 83% of salary in order to ensure that the executive directors did not benefit from the positive, unbudgeted impact on the result for the year from the support received by the Company from the partial holiday from business rates provided by local Councils in the areas in which the Company operates. Key remuneration decisions for the coming financial year ending 31 March 2023 Under the Company’s annual salary review, the base salaries for the executive directors were increased by 3.5% with effect from 1 April 2022. Salaries for employees in general were increased by an overall average of 3.5% from that date. Annual Statement from the Chairman of the Remuneration Committee Introduction On behalf of your board, I am pleased to present our Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 March 2022. The Directors’ Remuneration Report has been prepared on behalf of the board by the Remuneration Committee in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) (Amendments) Regulations 2013, and is split into two sections: • The directors’ remuneration policy sets out the Company’s policy on remuneration, which was subject to a binding shareholder vote at the Annual General Meeting on 24 September 2020. This remuneration policy will continue to be voted on in the future at least once every three years; and • The annual report on remuneration sets out the payments and awards made to the directors and details the link between company performance and remuneration for the financial year ended 31 March 2022. The information set out on pages 24 to 34 (the annual report on remuneration) is subject to audit except for the performance graph and table, the change in remuneration of the Chief Executive, the relative importance of the spend on pay, the implementation of remuneration policy in the year, the considerations by the directors of matters relating to directors’ remuneration and the statement of shareholder voting at the 2020 Annual General Meeting. 23 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernance Directors’ Remuneration Report continued Remuneration policy The policy of the Committee is to ensure that the executive directors are fairly rewarded for their individual contributions to the Company’s overall performance and to provide a competitive remuneration package to executive directors to attract, retain and motivate individuals of the calibre required to ensure that the Company is managed successfully in the interests of all stakeholders. In addition, the Committee’s policy is that a substantial proportion of the remuneration of the executive directors should be performance-related. The Company’s directors’ remuneration policy is voted on every three years and was last approved by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting held on 24 September 2020 and became effective from that date. The full policy was disclosed in the 2020 Annual Report, which is available on the Caffyns plc website located at www.caffynsplc.co.uk. The main elements of the remuneration package of executive directors are set out below: Purpose and link to strategy Operation Maximum potential value Performance metrics Base salary Provide competitive remuneration that will attract and retain high-calibre executive directors to develop and implement the Company’s strategy, without paying more than necessary, and having regard to the views of shareholders and other stakeholders. Benefits Provide market competitive benefits consistent with the role. Reviewed annually effective from 1 April to reflect role, responsibility and performance of the individual and the Company, and to take account of rates of pay for comparable roles in similar companies. Paid in twelve equal monthly instalments during the year. When selecting comparators, the Committee has regard to the Company’s revenue, market worth and business sector. There is no prescribed maximum increase although the Committee would carefully consider any increases against those awarded to the Company’s employees, taken as a whole. The annual rate of any increase is set out in the Annual Report in the section covering remuneration for the current year and the following year. Benefits consist of the provision of a company car, private medical health insurance, business- related and certain other subscriptions, and the opportunity to join any Company savings-related share option scheme. The cost of providing benefits varies from time to time and is borne wholly by the Company except for the cost of private medical health insurance where the Company contributes half of the cost. The Committee considers individual salaries at the appropriate Committee meeting each year taking due account of the factors noted in the operation of the salary policy. Not applicable. 24 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Purpose and link to strategy Operation Maximum potential value Performance metrics Annual bonus Incentivises achievement of business objectives by providing a reward for performance against annual targets. Paid in cash after the end of the financial year to which it relates. Up to 100% of salary. Targets based on the underlying profit before tax of the Company. The Committee sets threshold and maximum targets on an annual basis. In general: • A percentage of the maximum bonus is payable for hitting the threshold target; and • 100% of the maximum bonus is payable for meeting or exceeding the maximum target. A sliding scale operates between threshold and maximum performance. Payment of any bonus is subject to the discretion of the Committee and, if deemed appropriate, a bonus of up to 10% of salary may be paid in exceptional circumstances, despite the threshold target not being reached. See page 31 for details. Not applicable. 3% of base salary plus bonus. Not applicable. Long-term incentives Alignment of interests with shareholders by providing long-term incentives delivered in the form of shares. Pension Attract and retain executive directors for the long term by providing funding for retirement. Executive directors are able to apply for maximum entitlement under the rules of any Company savings- related share option scheme. No other long-term incentive scheme is considered appropriate for the Company’s specific circumstances. Executive directors are eligible to join the Company’s defined contribution pension scheme on the same terms as staff generally. In accordance with the rules of the pension scheme, bonuses are pensionable. As a result of changes in pensions’ legislation effective from 6 April 2006, executive directors can choose to be paid a salary supplement in lieu of the employers’ contribution to the Company’s pension scheme. 25 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceDirectors’ Remuneration Report continued Approach to recruitment remuneration The Committee’s approach to recruitment remuneration is to offer a market competitive remuneration package sufficient to attract high-calibre candidates who are appropriate to the role but without paying any more than is necessary. Any new executive director’s remuneration package would include the same elements and be in line with the policy table set out earlier in the directors’ remuneration policy, including the same limits on performance-related remuneration. Were an internal candidate promoted to the board, the original grant terms and conditions of any bonus or share awards made before that promotion would continue to apply. Reasonable relocation and other similar expenses may be paid if appropriate. Notes to the policy table The remuneration policy is designed to support the strategy and promote long-term sustainable success. There is no link between the levels of remuneration earned by the executive directors and the Company’s share price. When reviewing the remuneration policy, the Remuneration Committee remains mindful of the Company’s purpose, values and culture. Performance conditions The Committee selected the performance conditions as they are central to the Company’s strategy and are key metrics used by the executive directors to oversee the operation of the business. The performance targets for the annual bonus are determined annually by the Committee. The performance targets for any annual bonus in the coming financial year ending 31 March 2023 will be based on achievement of a pre-set profit before tax for that year. The target profit would be the profit excluding property profits and losses and pension fund costs or gains. The Remuneration Committee also reserves the right to make additional adjustments to the profit target when calculating bonus entitlement for items (losses or gains) that they considered not to be part of normal underlying profit for that year. Furthermore, in determining whether to award a bonus, the Committee would also take into account factors such as dividend cover and year-on-year changes to the net asset value of the Company. The Committee is of the opinion that these performance targets are commercially sensitive and that it would therefore be detrimental to the Company to disclose their details in advance. The targets will be disclosed after the end of the financial year in the Directors’ Remuneration Report in next year’s Annual Report. In exceptional circumstances, the Remuneration Committee would have the discretion to pay a maximum of 10% of salary as a bonus, even if performance were to be below the threshold required. Differences from remuneration policy for all employees All employees of the Company are entitled to base salary and benefits. The opportunity to earn commission or a bonus is made available to a high proportion of employees. The maximum opportunity available is based on the seniority and responsibility of the role. Statement of consideration of employment conditions of employees elsewhere in the Company The Committee receives reports on an annual basis on the level of pay rises awarded across the Company and takes these into account when determining salary increases for executive directors. In addition, the Committee receives reports on the structure of remuneration for senior management in the tier below the executive directors and uses this information to ensure a consistency of approach for its most senior managers. The Committee does not specifically invite employees to comment on the directors’ remuneration policy, but it does take note of any comments made by employees. Statement of consideration of shareholder views The board considers shareholder feedback received in relation to the Annual General Meeting each year and any action is built into the Committee’s business for the ensuing period. This, and any additional feedback received from shareholders from time to time, is considered by the Committee as part of the Company’s annual review of remuneration policy. 26 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Directors’ service contracts, notice periods and termination payments Provision Policy Details Contractual provisions on a change of control of the Company Other provisions in specific service contracts Notice periods in executive directors’ service contracts. Twelve months by executive directors and the Company. Executive directors may be required to work during the notice period. Twelve months by executive directors and the Company. Compensation for loss of office. No more than twelve months’ basic salary, bonus and benefits (including Company pension contributions). None. None, except for the Chief Executive. S G M Caffyn may give six months’ notice but is entitled to two years’ notice from the Company and an unreduced early retirement pension. M Warren may give six months’ notice and is entitled to six months’ notice from the Company. Termination payment to S G M Caffyn following a change of control comprises a cash amount equal to two years’ basic salary, bonus and benefits (including Company pension contributions). Treatment of annual bonus on termination. Treatment of unvested options from savings- related share option schemes. Bonuses that have already been declared are payable in full. In the event of termination by the Company (except for cause), a prorated bonus to the end of the notice period would also be payable. Good leavers may exercise their options within six months of cessation (one year for death). Options of leavers for fraud, dishonesty or misconduct lapse. Options of other leavers may be exercised within six months of cessation, but only to the extent that they would ordinarily become vested during that time. There is no discretion to treat any such leaver as a “good leaver”. None. None. None. Not applicable. The number of options that can be exercised is reduced pro rata to reflect the proportion of the vesting period before cessation. Other than death, “good leaver” circumstances comprise: injury, disability, redundancy, retirement or transfer of employing business outside the Company. The number of options that can be exercised is reduced pro rata to reflect the proportion of the vesting period before cessation. 27 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceDirectors’ Remuneration Report continued Directors’ service contracts, notice periods and termination payments continued Contractual provisions on a change of control of the Company Other provisions in specific service contracts Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Provision Policy Details Exercise of discretion. Intended only to be relied upon to provide flexibility in unusual circumstances. Outside appointments. Non-executive directors. Subject to approval. Appointed for three-year terms. The Committee’s determination would consider the particular circumstances of the executive director’s departure and the recent performance of the Company. Board approval must be sought. Early termination by either the Company or the director may occur with six months’ notice. Fees for that period would be paid as compensation if the early termination was requested by the Company. In the event of the negotiation of a compromise or settlement agreement between the Company and a departing director, the Committee may make payments it considers reasonable in settlement of potential legal claims. Such payments may also include reasonable reimbursements of professional fees in connection with such agreements. The Committee may also include the reimbursement of repatriation costs or fees for professional or outplacement advice in the termination package, if it considers it reasonable to do so. It may also allow the continuation of benefits for a limited period. There are no contractual requirements for directors to own shares in the Company, although they are encouraged to become shareholders in order to increase the alignment of their interests with those of other shareholders. At 31 March 2022, all directors held a direct interest in the Ordinary shares of the Company and their interests are detailed on page 36. Service contracts Executive directors are appointed under rolling service contracts, whereas non-executive directors each have a fixed-term appointment of three years, renewable upon expiry at the Company’s discretion. When considering the reappointment of a non- executive director, the board reviews their attendance at, and participation in, meetings and their overall performance, and takes into account the balance of skills and experience of the board as a whole. Director R C Wright N T Gourlay S G Bellamy Commencement of current renewal contract 27 July 2021 Expiry 26 July 2024 Unexpired terms at 31 March 2022 28 months 26 September 2019 25 September 2022 18 June 2019 17 June 2022 6 months 3 months Subsequent to the year-end, the contract of Mr S G Bellamy has been extended by three years to 17 June 2025. Copies of directors’ service contracts and letters of appointment are available for inspection at the Company’s registered office. 28 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Fees from external directorships None of the executive directors holds office as a non-executive director of other companies other than in a voluntary or honorary (that is, unpaid) capacity. The Company does not have a formal policy on whether an executive director may or may not keep fees gained from holding an external non-executive directorship. This would be decided on a case-by-case basis. Total remuneration opportunity for the year ending 31 March 2023 The chart below illustrates the remuneration that would be paid to each of the executive directors under three different performance scenarios: (i) below threshold; (ii) on target; and (iii) outperformance. The elements of remuneration have been categorised into two components: (i) fixed; and (ii) annual variable (annual bonus awards). S G M Caffyn M Warren Outperformance Target 50% 80% 50% £611,000 Outperformance 20% £382,000 Target 50% 80% 50% £314,000 20% £196,000 Below threshold 100% £306,000 Below threshold 100% £157,000 S J C Caffyn Outperformance Target 50% 80% 50% £100,000 Fixed Annual bonus 20% £62,000 Below threshold 100% £50,000 Each element of remuneration is defined in the table below: Element Fixed Annual variable Description Base salary and benefits in kind Annual bonus awards The on-target scenario assumes that for the annual bonus, underlying profit before tax would be 109% of the threshold target. Non-executive directors’ fee policy The policy for the remuneration of the non-executive directors is as set out below. Non-executive directors are not entitled to a bonus, cannot participate in the Company’s savings-related share option scheme and are not eligible for pension arrangements or any other employment benefits. Purpose and link to strategy Non-executive director fees Operation Maximum potential value Performance metrics Attract non-executive directors who have a broad range of experience and skills to oversee the implementation of the Company’s strategy. Non-executive directors’ fees are determined by the board within the limits set out in the Articles of Association and are paid in twelve equal, monthly instalments during the year. None. Reviewed annually to reflect the role, responsibility and performance of the individual and the Company. Annual rate of increase set out in the annual report on remuneration for the current year and the following year. No prescribed maximum annual increase. 29 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceDirectors’ Remuneration Report continued Annual report on remuneration Save for the performance graph and table, the change in the remuneration of the Chief Executive, the relative importance of the spend on pay, the implementation of remuneration policy for the year ending 31 March 2023, the consideration by the directors of matters relating to directors’ remuneration and the statement of shareholder voting at the 2020 Annual General Meeting, the information set out in this part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report is subject to audit. Single total figure of remuneration for the year ended 31 March 2022 The following table shows a single total figure of remuneration in respect of qualifying services for the year ended 31 March 2022 for each director, together with comparative figures for the year ended 31 March 2021. The information provided in this part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report is subject to audit. When considering the year-on-year movements, it should be noted that the comparative year’s salaries included reductions that formed part of the Company’s response to the covid-19 pandemic, which commenced in March 2020. Under that response, the executive directors and the Chairman of the Company agreed to reduce their contractual salaries to a rate of £37,500 per annum, for the month of April 2020. The remaining non-executive directors, whose annual fees were already below this level, agreed to a 20% reduction in their fees. These salary and fee reductions were then unwound in stages with the full-time executive directors moving to 50% of their contractual salary from 1 May 2020 and then to 80% of their contractual salary from 1 June 2020. The remuneration of both the Company Secretary and the Chairman remained at the annual ceiling of £37,500 for the month of May 2020 and then increased to 80% of their contractual salary and fees for June 2020. All board members returned to their full contractual fee and salary levels from 1 July 2020. The total salary reductions across the three-month period amounted to £68,000 and these savings are reflected in the remuneration table below. In addition, the inflationary pay increase that had been scheduled for implementation from 1 April 2020 was initially deferred, and subsequently cancelled. Lastly, under the terms of the directors’ bonus scheme for the prior year, the directors were entitled to a bonus equivalent to 31% of salary but waived those bonuses in recognition of the exceptional circumstances of that year. Salary and fees £’000 Taxable benefits £’000 Annual bonus £’000 In lieu of pension contributions £’000 Single total figure £’000 Fixed sums £’000 Variable sums £’000 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2022 295 152 48 495 68 30 30 128 623 252 130 45 427 61 28 28 117 544 21 5 8 34 — — — — 34 21 7 6 34 — — — — 34 244 125 40 409 — — — — 409 — — — — — — — — — 16 7 3 26 — — — — 26 8 4 1 13 — — — — 13 576 289 99 964 68 30 30 128 1,092 281 141 52 474 61 28 28 117 591 332 164 59 555 68 30 30 128 683 244 125 40 409 — — — — 409 Executive S G M Caffyn M Warren S J Caffyn Total Non-executive R C Wright N T Gourlay S G Bellamy Total Employment benefits made available to the executive directors include the provision of a company car, a 50% contribution towards the cost of private medical health and the cost of appropriate subscriptions. Annual bonus Bonuses are earned by reference to the financial year and paid in May or June following the end of the financial year and on completion of the external audit. Any bonuses accruing to the executive directors in respect of the year ended 31 March 2022 were based on the underlying profit before tax as shown below. Threshold Target Maximum Actual performance Bonus paid as a percentage of base salary S G M Caffyn M Warren S J Caffyn Max Actual Max Actual Max Actual Underlying profit before tax (£’million)* Bonus receivable £2.20 £2.44 15% 25% £4.20 100% £4.57 100% 83% 100% 83% 100% 83% 100% £244,000 £125,000 £40,000 * The underlying profit before tax is calculated after taking account of the cost of such bonus including employer’s National Insurance charges and contributions in lieu of pension contributions. 30 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Although the stipulated maximum profit target was met in relation to the financial year ended 31 March 2022, the executive directors requested that the Remuneration Committee apply its discretion and award a reduced level of bonuses, of 83%, to the executive directors. This was due to the level of support received by the Company from the partial holiday from business rates provided by local Councils in the areas in which the Company operates. Pension entitlements and cash allowances One executive director, the Company Secretary, was a deferred member of the Company’s closed defined benefit pension scheme at 31 March 2022 (2021: one). The defined benefit pension scheme will provide a pension to the Company Secretary of a maximum of two-thirds of final salary in respect of benefits accrued up to 31 March 2006. From 1 April 2006 until 1 April 2010 when the scheme closed to future accrual, the accrued benefits of this director were based on a “career average” basis and based upon earnings in each financial year. Under the rules of the scheme, the Company Secretary is eligible for a pension at normal retirement age of 65. If early retirement is taken before age 65, the accrued pension is discounted by 5% per annum (2021: 5%) simple, except where the Company consents to early retirement between 60 and 65 and then no discount is applied. Pensions paid increase in line with price indexation which may be limited. On death, a one-half spouse’s pension becomes due. Children’s allowances up to a maximum of 100% of the executive’s pension may be payable, including any spouse’s pension. Allowance is made in transfer value payments for discretionary benefits. The total annual accrued pension excludes transferred-in benefits. S J Caffyn Normal retirement date 12 December 2033 Total annual accrued defined benefit pension at 31 March 2022 £’000 Total annual accrued defined benefit pension at 31 March 2021 £’000 37 36 The pension for the Company Secretary for service since 2010 has been provided on a contributory basis through the Company’s defined contribution pension scheme. In certain years, the Company Secretary elected not to be included in the defined contribution pension scheme and instead to be paid a salary supplement in lieu of the employer’s contribution to the Company’s defined contribution pension scheme. In the year to 31 March 2022, one of the executive directors was a member of the Company’s defined contribution pension scheme (2021: one). The non-executive directors are not members of the Company’s defined contribution pension scheme (2021: none). Statement of directors’ shareholdings The directors’ shareholdings as at 31 March 2022 are summarised within the Report of the Directors. All-employee share scheme Details of share options held by executive directors under the Company’s savings-related share option schemes, the latest of which were granted in December 2020, are as follows: Scheme Date of grant Earliest exercise date Expiry date Exercise price £ Number at 1 April 2021 Granted/ (lapsed) in the year Number at 31 March 2022 SGM Caffyn ShareSave 23/12/2020 01/04/2024 30/09/2024 M Warren ShareSave 23/12/2020 01/04/2024 30/09/2024 3.06 3.06 1,211 1,211 — — 1,211 1,211 The market value of the shares at the date of the grant on 23 December 2020 was £3.85 giving a face value of the awards for each of the directors listed of £957. 31 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceDirectors’ Remuneration Report continued Performance graph and table The chart below shows the Company’s eight-year annual Total Shareholders’ Return performance against the FTSE Small-Cap Total Return Index, which is considered an appropriate comparison to other public companies of a similar size. 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 20/04/2014 20/04/2015 20/04/2016 20/04/2017 20/04/2018 20/04/2019 20/04/2020 20/04/2021 20/04/2022 The table below sets out the total remuneration delivered to the Chief Executive over each of the last nine years, valued using the same methodology as applied to the single total figure of remuneration. FTSE Small Cap TSR Caffyns TSR Financial years ended 31 March Total single remuneration figure (£’000) 2014 534 2015 389 Chief Executive: S G M Caffyn 2019 2018 2017 2016 410 388 302 364 2020 319 2021 281 2022 576 Annual bonus % of maximum opportunity 100% 39% 43% 31% 0% 19% 0% 0% 83% Salary and fees % increase/(decrease) Benefit-in-kind % increase/(decrease) Annual bonus % increase 2019/20 to 2020/21 Current year to prior year 2019/20 to 2020/21 Current year to prior year 2019/20 to 2020/21 Current year to prior year (13)% (5)% (7)% (9)% (5)% (5)% (4)% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% 44% (45)% 0% 0% 0% (1)% 47% (25)% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% ∞ ∞ ∞ 0% 0% 0% 14% (7.7)% 62% 64% Executive directors Simon Caffyn Sarah Caffyn Michael Warren Non-executive directors Richard Wright Nigel Gourlay Stephen Bellamy Employee average All employees When considering the year-on-year increases in the table above, it should be noted that, as a result of the covid-19 pandemic, the directors made voluntary salary reductions in the prior year period from April to June 2020 and waived bonuses that would have been payable for the year ended 31 March 2021 equivalent to 31% of salary. The contractual salaries of the directors remained unchanged during the year ended 31 March 2021 with the usual annual pay review, effective 1 April 2020, being cancelled due to the covid-19 pandemic. Full details of the salaries and bonuses sacrificed in the prior year can be found on page 30. The underlying package of benefit-in-kind for the directors, and for employees in general, remained unchanged in comparison to the prior years although the outcomes were different. Care should be exercised when considering the percentage changes, given the relatively small sums involved in each year. 32 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Single remuneration figure for the Chief Executive Remuneration for the Company’s remaining full-time equivalent employees: 25th percentile Median 75th percentile Salary only 2022 £’000 Total earnings 2022 £’000 Ratio 2022 % Salary only 2021 £’000 Total Earnings 2021 £’000 295 576 252 281 30 24 14 46 33 23 13:1 17:1 25:1 32 14 21 42 32 22 Ratio 2021 % 7:1 9:1 13:1 The pay ratio disclosure above complies with Regulation 18 of The Companies (Miscellaneous Reporting) regulations 2018. These ratios have been prepared using Option A in the regulations by ranking the annualised earnings of those employees of the Company in employment on 31 March 2022, the last day of the financial year under review. Earnings includes salary, bonuses, variable elements of pay such as commissions and overtime, holiday and sickness pay, company pension contributions and the taxable value of benefits-in-kind. The Company’s Chairman and non-executive directors have been excluded from the calculation as they receive a fee rather than a salary. Any employees on zero-hour contracts have been included if they worked in the month of March 2022. Change in remuneration of Chief Executive The base salary of the Chief Executive increased by 2% between 31 March 2021 and 31 March 2022, mirroring that for the Company’s Regional Directors and Heads of Business. Neither the Chief Executive nor the comparator group received any changes to their employment benefits during the year. The Chief Executive received a bonus for the current year but waived his bonus for the prior year. The bonuses earned by the comparator group increased by 145% compared to the prior year, which was heavily impacted by the covid-19 pandemic. The comparator group comprises Regional Directors and Heads of Business and has been selected on the basis that these managers have direct senior operational management responsibilities. Relative importance of spend on pay The table below sets out the total spend on pay in the two years to 31 March 2022 compared with other disbursements from profit (i.e. distributions to shareholders). These were the most significant outgoings for the Company in the last financial year). Spend on staff pay (including directors) Profit distributed by way of dividend Spend in 2022 £’000 15,455 606 Spend in 2021 £’000 13,614 — Decrease % 13.5 ∞ A final dividend of 15.0 pence per ordinary share has been declared for the year ended 31 March 2022, in addition to an interim dividend of 7.5 pence that was paid during the year. The total dividend payable in respect of the year to 31 March 2022 will therefore be £606,000 (2021: £Nil). Implementation of remuneration policy for the coming financial year ending 31 March 2023 The annual salaries and fees to be paid to directors in the coming financial year are set out in the table below, together with any increases expressed as a percentage. S G M Caffyn M Warren S J Caffyn R C Wright N T Gourlay S G Bellamy 2023 salary/fees £’000 2022 salary/fees £’000 Increase % 306 157 50 70 31 31 295 152 48 68 30 30 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 33 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceDirectors’ Remuneration Report continued The basis for determining annual bonus payments for the financial year ending 31 March 2023 is set out in the policy table in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on page 25. The profit targets are considered commercially sensitive because of the information that it could provide to the Company’s competitors and consequently these profit targets will only be disclosed after the end of the financial year, in the Directors’ Remuneration Report in the 2023 Annual Report. Consideration by the directors of matters relating to directors’ remuneration The Committee The Committee is responsible for reviewing and recommending the framework and policy for remuneration of the executive directors and of senior management. The Committee’s terms of reference are available on the Company’s corporate website. The members of the Committee at 31 March 2022 were Mr S G Bellamy (Chairman), Mr R C Wright and Mr N T Gourlay. Mr S G Bellamy and Mr N T Gourlay were independent non-executive directors throughout the year. The Committee met three times during the year and all members were present. The primary role of the Committee is to set the directors’ remuneration policy and accordingly to: • review, recommend and monitor the level and structure of remuneration for the executive directors and to review and monitor the level and structure of remuneration of other senior executives; • approve the remuneration package for the executive directors; • determine the balance between base pay and performance-related elements of the package to align executive directors’ interests with those of shareholders and other stakeholders; and • approve annual incentive payments for executive directors. Summary of activity during the year ended 31 March 2022 During the year, the Committee conducted its annual review of all aspects of the remuneration packages of the executive directors to ensure that they continue to reward and motivate achievement of medium and long-term objectives, and align their interests with those of shareholders and other stakeholders. Accordingly, the Committee’s activities during the year included: • • reviewing the basic salaries of the executive directors and reviewing and monitoring the level and structure of remuneration of other senior executives; reviewing the basic salary of the Company’s Chairman. This review was performed by Mr S G Bellamy and Mr N T Gourlay only; and • setting the annual performance targets in line with the Company’s plan for the coming financial year ending 31 March 2023 and determining the amounts that may potentially have been payable for the financial year under review ended 31 March 2022. Statement of voting at the 2020 Annual General Meeting At the last Annual General Meeting, votes to approve the Directors’ Remuneration Report were cast as follows: Votes for 2,899,279 % 99.95 Votes against 1,700 % 0.05 Withheld 100 % 0.00 A shareholder vote on the directors’ remuneration policy is required at least every third year. The policy was last voted on at the 2020 Annual General Meeting and will be voted on again at the 2023 Annual General Meeting. Votes at the 2020 meeting on the directors’ remuneration policy were cast as follows: Votes for 2,899,279 % 99.95 Votes against 1,700 % 0.05 Withheld 100 % 0.00 Mr S G Bellamy will attend the 2022 Annual General Meeting and will be available at that meeting to answer any questions that shareholders may wish to raise. By order of the board S G Bellamy Chairman of the Remuneration Committee 26 May 2022 34 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Report of the Directors The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2022. Results and dividends The results of the Company for the year are set out in the financial statements on pages 48 to 85. An interim dividend of 7.5p per share was paid to shareholders on 10 January 2022. The board is recommending a final dividend of 15.0 pence per share (2021: Nil) making a total of 22.5 pence per share (2021: Nil). Total Ordinary dividends paid in the year amounted to £202,000. Dividends paid in the year to preference shareholders were £72,000 (2021: £72,000) as set out in note 10 to the financial statements. Future developments of the Company are set out in the Operational and Business Review on pages 2 to 6. Financial risk management Consideration of principal risks and uncertainties is included on pages 9 to 11 of the Strategic Report, including the management of financial risks. These are also outlined further in note 21 to the financial statements. Appointment and replacement of the Company’s directors The rules for the appointment and replacement of the Company’s directors are detailed in the Company’s Articles of Association. Directors are appointed by ordinary resolution at a general meeting by shareholders entitled to vote or by the board either to fill a vacancy or as an addition to the existing board. The appointment of non-executive directors is on the recommendation of the Nomination Committee; the procedure is detailed in the Chairman’s Statement on Corporate Governance on page 18. Directors Details of the directors who served during the year and who remained in office at 31 March 2022 are set out below. Mr R C Wright PG Dip FIMI FCIM was appointed Chairman on 26 July 2012. He joined the board as a non-executive director and Chairman-elect on 1 November 2011. He has previously held senior executive roles with the Ford Motor Company including: Director, European Operations at Jaguar Cars Limited; Director of Sales, Ford Motor Company Limited; and President/ Managing Director of Ford Belgium NV. He was Chairman of API Group plc from 2001 until 31 October 2014, and sat on the advisory board of Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, for several years. He is the former Chair of the board of National Savings and Investments, part of HM Treasury. He is currently an advisor to a number of privately held companies including being Chairman of Thames River Moorings Limited. Mr N T Gourlay BSc, a Chartered Accountant, joined the board as a non- executive director on 26 September 2013. He spent more than twenty years with the BAT plc group of companies, leaving in 2001. In 2003 Mr Gourlay co-founded Animos LLP, a business consultancy of which he remains a partner. Mr S G Bellamy BCom CA(NZ) joined the board on 18 June 2019 and has been chairman and non-executive director to a wide range of both public and private companies and chairman of, and advisor to, investment committees and capital providers. He was previously joint founder and Chief Executive Officer of Accretion Capital LLP and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Sherwood International Plc. Prior to Sherwood, he was a UK Investment Director of Brierley Investments, an active investor in quoted UK companies. He is a New Zealand Chartered Accountant and worked at Coopers & Lybrand (now PwC), both in New Zealand and New York. He is currently also an advisor to mid-market private equity firms. Mr S G M Caffyn MA FIMI joined the board on 16 July 1992 and was appointed Chief Executive on 1 May 1998. He graduated from Cambridge in 1983 having read engineering, and subsequently worked for Andersen Consulting. He joined the Company in 1990. Mr M Warren BSc FCA joined the board on 31 May 2016 and was appointed Finance Director on 31 July 2016. He is a Chartered Accountant and spent twenty one years with H.R. Owen plc of which the eight years until April 2015 were as Finance Director. He graduated from Southampton in 1986 having read civil engineering and subsequently worked for PwC. Ms S J Caffyn BSc FCIPD AICSA FIMI has thirty years’ Human Resource experience across several different sectors. She joined the board on 28 April 2003 as Human Resources Director, having previously been Group Personnel Manager and Company Secretary. A Chartered Company Secretary, she has governance experience from several not-for-profit organisations. 35 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceReport of the Directors continued Interests in shares The interests of the directors and their families in the shares of the Company are as follows: R C Wright S G M Caffyn M Warren S J Caffyn N T Gourlay S G Bellamy As at 31 March 2022 As at 31 March 2021 Ordinary 11% Preference 7% Preference 7,500 76,988 6,825 46,232 4,893 5,000 — 1,600 — 1,655 — — — 200 — — — — Ordinary 7,500 76,988 6,825 46,232 4,893 5,000 11% Preference 7% Preference — 1,600 — 1,655 — — — 200 — — — — Mr S G M Caffyn and Ms S J Caffyn are directors of Caffyn Family Holdings Limited, which owns all the 2,000,000 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares which have full voting rights, except in relation to matters that under the Listing Rules (as amended from time to time) are required to be voted on by premium-listed securities, being the Ordinary shares. The market price of the Company’s Ordinary shares at 31 March 2022 was £5.50 and the range of market prices during the year was £3.70 to £6.00. Compensation for loss of office In the event of an executive director’s employment with the Company being terminated, Mr S G M Caffyn is entitled to receive from the Company a sum equivalent to twice his annual emoluments, which applied immediately before his termination. Ms S J Caffyn is entitled to receive from the Company a sum equivalent to her annual emoluments, which applied immediately before her termination, and Mr M Warren is entitled to receive from the Company a sum equivalent to six months’ emoluments, which applied immediately before his termination. Emoluments include a proportion of the available bonus, which the expired part of the measured period for bonus bears to the whole of such measurement period. The executive directors’ service contracts commenced from the date of their appointment to the board. In the event of the Chairman’s or a non- executive director’s employment with the Company being terminated, they are entitled to receive from the Company a sum equivalent to six months’ fees. Directors’ indemnity and insurance The Company’s Articles of Association permit the board to grant the directors indemnities in relation to their duties as directors in respect of liabilities incurred by them in connection with any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the Company. In line with market practice, each director has the benefit of a deed of indemnity. The Company has also purchased insurance cover for the directors against liabilities arising in relation to the Company, as permitted by the Companies Act 2006. This insurance does not cover fraudulent activity. Sharesave scheme The Company encourages employee share ownership through the provision of periodic Save As You Earn schemes. The current scheme, which is administered by the Yorkshire Building Society, was launched in December 2020 with share options for 101,926 Ordinary shares being subscribed. The scheme matures in February 2024 when the share options become exercisable upon expiry of a three-year savings contract at a pre- determined price of £3.06 per share. At 31 March 2022, the number of share options outstanding was 94,325. Greenhouse gas emissions Information on greenhouse gas emissions is set out in the Strategic Report on page 13. Employees Employees are encouraged to discuss with management any matters which they are concerned about and issues affecting the Company. The Chief Executive had planned in the previous financial year to start visiting each site regularly for a question-and-answer session with staff, although this has had to be delayed due to the covid-19 pandemic. Once physical visits are able to occur on a routine basis, he will be reporting to the board on the outcome of these sessions. In addition, the board takes account of employees’ interests when making decisions. Suggestions from employees aimed at improving the Company’s performance are welcomed. The board reviews feedback from the employee consultation group on pay and bonuses as well as reviewing all exit interview feedback. The board also meets with senior staff during the strategic review process. The Company has a Human Resources director, Ms S J Caffyn. Further information on employees is set out in the Strategic Report on page 8 and the Section 172 statement on page 14. 36 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Share capital and the rights and obligations attaching to shares As at 31 March 2022, the issued share capital of the Company comprised Ordinary shares of 50p each and three classes of preference share, namely 7% Cumulative First Preference shares of £1 each, 11% Cumulative Preference shares of £1 each, and 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares of 10p each. Details of the share capital of the Company are set out in note 25 to the financial statements. Subject to applicable statutes and other shareholders’ rights, shares may be issued with such rights and restrictions as the Company may by ordinary resolution decide. Holders of Ordinary shares are entitled to attend and speak at general meetings of the Company, to appoint one or more proxies (and, if they are corporations, corporate representatives). Holders of Ordinary shares are entitled to receive a dividend, if one is declared, and a copy of the Company’s annual report and accounts. Holders of Cumulative First Preference shares are entitled, in priority to any payment of dividend on any other class of shares, to a fixed cumulative preferential dividend at the rate of 7% per annum. Subject to the rights of the holders of Cumulative First Preference shares, holders of 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares of 10p each are entitled in priority to any payment of dividend on any other class of shares to a fixed cumulative preferential dividend at the rate of 6% per annum. Subject to the rights of the holders of Cumulative First Preference shares and 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares of 10p, holders of 11% Cumulative Preference shares of £1 each are entitled in priority to any payment of dividend on any other class of shares to a fixed cumulative preferential dividend at the rate of 11% per annum. The percentage of the total share capital represented by each class of share as at 31 March 2022 is shown below. The full rights and obligations attaching to the Company’s shares are set out in the Company’s Articles of Association, copies of which can be obtained from Companies House or by writing to the Company Secretary. Authorised 500,000 7% Cumulative First Preference shares of £1 each 1,250,000 11% Cumulative Preference shares of £1 each 3,000,000 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares of 10p each 4,000,000 Ordinary shares of 50p each Allotted, called-up and fully paid 170,732 7% Cumulative First Preference shares of £1 each 441,401 11% Cumulative Preference shares of £1 each 2,000,000 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares of 10p each Total Preference shares recognised as a financial liability 2,879,298 Ordinary shares of 50p each £’000 500 1,250 300 2,000 4,050 171 441 200 812 1,439 2,251 % 12.35 30.86 7.41 49.38 100.00 7.58 19.60 8.88 36.06 63.94 100.00 37 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceReport of the Directors continued Property The Company valued its portfolio of freehold premises as at 31 March 2022. The valuation was carried out by CBRE Limited, Chartered Surveyors, based on an existing use valuation. The excess of the valuation over net book value at that date was £13.3 million (2021: £12.3 million). In accordance with the Company’s accounting policies, this surplus has not been incorporated into these financial statements. Voting rights, restrictions on voting rights and deadlines for voting rights Shareholders (other than any who, under the provisions of the Articles of Association or the terms of the shares they hold, are not entitled to receive such notices from the Company) have the right to receive notice of, and attend, and to vote at all general meetings of the Company. The Company’s auditor has similar rights except that they may not vote. A resolution put to the vote at any general meeting is to be decided on a show of hands unless (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands or on the withdrawal of any demand for a poll) a poll is properly demanded. Every member present in person at a general meeting has, on the calling of a poll, one vote for every Ordinary share of which the member is the holder, and one vote for every 6% Cumulative Second Preference share of which the member is the holder. In the case of joint holders of a share, the vote of the member whose name stands first in the register of members is accepted to the exclusion of any vote tendered by any other joint holder. Unless the board decides otherwise, a shareholder may not vote at any general meeting or class meeting or exercise any rights in relation to meetings while any amount of money relating to their shares remains outstanding. A member is entitled to appoint a proxy to exercise all or any of their rights to attend and speak and vote on their behalf at a general meeting. Further details regarding voting at the Annual General Meeting can be found in the notes to the Notice of the Annual General Meeting. To be effective, paper proxy appointments and voting instructions must be received by the Company’s registrars no later than 48 hours before a general meeting. There are no restrictions on the transfer of Ordinary shares other than certain restrictions which may be imposed pursuant to the Articles of Association of the Company, certain restrictions, which may, from time to time, be imposed by laws and regulations (for example in relation to insider dealing), restrictions pursuant to the Company’s share dealing code whereby directors and certain employees of the Company require prior approval to deal in the Company’s shares, and where a person has failed to provide the Company with information concerning the interests in those shares. The Company is not aware of any arrangements or agreements between shareholders that may result in restrictions on the transfer of Ordinary shares or on voting rights. Significant direct or indirect shareholdings At 24 May 2022, the directors were aware of the following interests in 3% or more of the nominal value of the Ordinary share capital (excluding treasury shares) of the Company: Ordinary shares 390,000 241,114 128,349 125,570 108,575 107,997 107,409 104,804 103,495 100,000 % 14.47 8.93 4.76 4.66 4.01 4.00 3.98 3.89 3.84 3.71 Maland Pension Fund (Pershing Nominees Ltd RKCLT) Charles Stanley HSBC Republic Bank Suisse SA Caffyns Pension Fund GAM Exempt UK Opportunities Fund Interactive Investor Services Nominees Ltd A W Caffyn/B Lees K E Caffyn M I Caffyn Armstrong Investments (Nortrust Nominees) 38 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Auditor BDO LLP has indicated its willingness to continue as the independent auditor to the Company and a resolution concerning its reappointment will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting in August 2022. By order of the board S J Caffyn Company Secretary 26 May 2022 Business at the Annual General Meeting As well as dealing with formal business, the Company takes the opportunity afforded at the Annual General Meeting to provide up-to-date information about the Company’s trading position and to invite and answer questions from shareholders on its policies and business. At the Annual General Meeting, a separate resolution is proposed for each substantive matter. The Company’s Annual Report and financial statements are posted to shareholders, together with the Notice of Annual General Meeting summarising the business proposed, giving the requisite period of notice. The board has carefully considered the format of this year’s Annual General Meeting, which is scheduled to be held on 2 August 2022, and its intention is that the meeting will be run as an open meeting to which shareholders will be invited to attend in person. Further information will be made available closer to the date of the meeting via the Company’s corporate website, www. caffynsplc.co.uk. Fostering relationships with stakeholders Details of the Company’s engagement with stakeholders are explained in more detail on page 14. The Company also engages with its suppliers in order to maintain good relationships, and with its prospective and actual customers by offering excellent service and an attractive omni- channel retail experience. Modern Slavery Act 2015 In the light of the legislation regarding employment and human rights, in particular the Modern Slavery Act 2015, the board continues to review its policies and risk management processes to determine additional measures which may be required to prevent slavery and human trafficking taking place in any part of its businesses, or in its supply chains. We expect all who have, or seek to have, a business relationship with Caffyns plc or with any of our employees, to familiarise themselves with our anti- slavery values and to act at all times in a way which is consistent with those values. The board has adopted a Statement on Slavery and Human Trafficking, which can be found on its corporate website at www.caffynsplc.co.uk. 39 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessOther informationGovernanceFinancialsGovernanceDirectors’ responsibilities pursuant to Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules 4 (“DTR 4”) The directors confirm to the best of their knowledge that: • • the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the applicable set of accounting standards, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit and loss of the Group and the Company; and the Annual Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the financial position of the Group and Company, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face. Approved by order of the board S G M Caffyn Chief Executive 26 May 2022 M Warren Finance Director Directors’ Responsibilities Statement The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The directors are responsible for ensuring that the Annual Report and accounts, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced, and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s performance, business model and strategy. Website publication The directors are responsible for ensuring the Annual Report and the financial statements are made available on a website. Financial statements are published on the Company’s corporate website, www.caffynsplc.co.uk, in accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions. The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of the directors. The directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards and applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law, the directors are required to prepare the group financial statements and have elected to prepare the company financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards. Under company law, the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company and of the profit or loss for the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements the directors are required to: • select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; • make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; • state whether they have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; • prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group and the Company will continue in business; • prepare a Director’s Report, a Strategic Report and Remuneration Committee Report which comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 40 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Report of the Independent Auditor Opinion on the financial statements In our opinion: • • • • the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs as at 31 March 2022 and of the Group’s and Parent Company’s profit for the year then ended; the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards; the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards; and the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. We have audited the financial statements of Caffyns plc (the ‘Parent Company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the year ended 31 March 2022 which comprise the Group and Company Income Statement, the Group and Company Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Group and Company Statement of Financial Position, the Group and Company Statement of Changes in Equity, the Group and Company Cash Flow Statement and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and UK-adopted international accounting standards and as regards the Parent Company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the audit committee. Independence Following the recommendation of the Audit & Risk Committee, we were appointed by the directors on 25 July 2019 to audit the financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2020 and subsequent financial periods. The period of total uninterrupted engagement including retenders and reappointments is three years, covering the years ended 31 March 2020 to 31 March 2022. We remain independent of the Group and the Parent Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed public interest entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. The non-audit services prohibited by that standard were not provided to the Group or the Parent Company. Conclusions relating to going concern In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the Group and the Parent Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included: • Evaluating the directors’ assessment of going concern through analysis of the Group’s cash flow forecast through to 31 March 2025, including assessing and challenging the assumptions underlying the forecasts by reference to our own knowledge of the industry and also commentary and forecasts made by industry experts (e.g. SMMT, CAP). • As part of this process, we have considered the impact of factors such as inflationary and supply-chain pressures. We have also sensitised these forecasts and considered the underlying assumptions of the forecasts to industry commentary. • We also obtained an understanding of the financing facilities, including the nature of these facilities, repayment terms and covenants. We then assessed the facility headroom and covenant compliance calculations on both a base case scenario, and the sensitised forecasts. • We considered the likelihood of the sensitised forecasts happening and considered what actions the Group has available should there be a potential covenant breach. We assessed the adequacy and appropriateness of the going concern disclosures in the financial statements with reference to the requirements of the financial reporting framework and our understanding of the business. Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group and the Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. In relation to the Parent Company’s reporting on how it has applied the UK Corporate Governance Code, we have nothing material to add or draw attention to in relation to the directors’ statement in the financial statements about whether the directors considered it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting. Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. 41 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsReport of the Independent Auditor continued Overview Coverage1 Key audit matters 100% (2021: 100%) of Group profit before tax 100% (2021: 100%) of Group revenue 100% (2021: 100%) of Group total assets Defined benefit pension scheme Going concern Impairment review 2022 ✔ ✗ ✗ 2021 ✔ ✔ ✔ Going concern is no longer considered to be a key audit matter due to the strength of the Company’s and Group’s performance during the year and financial position at the year-end. The impairment review is also no longer considered a key audit matter due to the financial performance of the Group and Company and the extent of the headroom in management’s assessment. Materiality Group financial statements as a whole £220,000 (2021: £80,000) based on 5% (2021: 5%) of profit before tax (2021: profit before tax adjusted for the impairment charge in the year) 1 These are areas which have been subject to a full scope audit by the group engagement team An overview of the scope of our audit Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including the Group’s system of internal control, and assessing the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements. We also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including assessing whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that may have represented a risk of material misstatement. The only trading component in the Group is the Parent Company, Caffyns plc, with all the subsidiary companies being dormant. Caffyns plc was identified as the only significant component and was subject to a full scope audit by the Group audit team. The remaining components were considered to be not significant and were subject to analytical review procedures at a Group level by the Group audit team. 42 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Key audit matters Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit, and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Key audit matter Defined benefit pension scheme Refer to note 23, accounting policies on page 53 to 58 The Group operates a defined benefit pension scheme, which is accounted for in accordance with IAS 19 (Revised) Employee Benefits. Management exercises a number of judgements and actuarial assumptions, with the assistance from their actuaries, which have a significant impact on the valuation of the pension scheme liabilities recognised on the statement of financial position. The valuation of the defined benefit pension scheme is highly sensitive to movements into the key inputs involved in valuing the liability. The valuation of the liability is therefore considered a significant audit risk. How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter We performed an assessment of whether the Group’s accounting policy for the defined benefit pension scheme complied with IAS 19 Employee Benefits and tested its consistent application with reference to the principles in the standard. Working with our external actuarial experts, we challenged the appropriateness of the actuarial valuation methodologies and their inherent assumptions such as discount rates, growth rates and mortality rates with reference to relevant market data and industry practice. We also considered the competence, capabilities, objectivity and independence of management’s as well as our own actuarial experts. We also tested the accuracy of the underlying data utilised in the actuarial valuation on a sample basis to source documentation such as the pension scheme accounting records. Key observations: Based on the procedures performed, we considered the assumptions and judgements made by management to be reasonable. Our application of materiality We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, and in evaluating the effect of misstatements. We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, could influence the economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of the financial statements. In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that any misstatements exceed materiality, we use a lower materiality level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing needed. Importantly, misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the nature of identified misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their effect on the financial statements as a whole. 43 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsReport of the Independent Auditor continued Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole and performance materiality as follows: Materiality Basis for determining materiality Rationale for the benchmark applied Performance materiality Basis for determining performance materiality Group financial statements Parent company financial statements 2022 £ 220,000 2021 £ 80,000 2022 £ 220,000 2021 £ 80,000 5% of profit before tax 5% of adjusted profit before tax 5% of profit before tax 5% of adjusted profit before tax We considered 5% of adjusted profit before tax to be a key performance benchmark for the Group and the users of the financial statements in assessing financial performance. We considered 5% of profit before tax to be a key performance benchmark for the Group and the users of the financial statements in assessing financial performance. There were no impairments or other items considered to be exceptional during the year for the purposes of adjusting profit before tax as the basis of materiality. We considered 5% of profit before tax to be a key performance benchmark for the Parent Company and the users of the financial statements in assessing financial performance. There were no impairments or other items considered to be exceptional during the year for the purposes of adjusting profit before tax as the basis of materiality. We considered 5% of adjusted profit before tax to be a key performance benchmark for the Parent Company and the users of the financial statements in assessing financial 165,000 60,000 165,000 60,000 On the basis of our risk assessment, together with our assessment of the Group’s control environment, our judgement is that performance materiality for the financial statements should be 75% of materiality. The basis of calculating performance materiality is unchanged from the prior year. On the basis of our risk assessment, together with our assessment of the Group’s control environment, our judgement is that performance materiality for the financial statements should be 75% of materiality. On the basis of our risk assessment, together with our assessment of the Parent Company’s control environment, our judgement is that performance materiality for the financial statements should be 75% of materiality. The basis of calculating performance materiality is unchanged from the prior year. On the basis of our risk assessment, together with our assessment of the Parent Company’s control environment, our judgement is that performance materiality for the financial statements should be 75% of materiality. Reporting threshold We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all individual audit differences in excess of £8,800 (2021: £1,600). We also agreed to report differences below this threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. 44 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Other information The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditor’s Report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Corporate governance statement The Listing Rules require us to review the directors’ statement in relation to going concern, longer-term viability and that part of the Corporate Governance Statement relating to the Parent Company compliance with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code specified for our review. Based on the work undertaken as part of our audit, we have concluded that each of the following elements of the Corporate Governance Statement is materially consistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained during the audit. Going concern and longer-term viability • The directors’ statement with regards to the appropriateness of adopting the going concern basis of accounting and any material uncertainties identified set out on page 21; and • The directors’ explanation as to their assessment of the Group’s prospects, the period this assessment covers and why the period is appropriate set out on page 21. Other Code provisions • Directors’ statement on fair, balanced and understandable set out on page 22; • Board’s confirmation that it has carried out a robust assessment of the emerging and principal risks set out on page 22; • The section of the Annual Report that describes the review of effectiveness of risk management and internal control systems set out on page 22; and • The section describing the work of the Audit & Risk Committee set out on page 19. 45 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsReport of the Independent Auditor continued Other Companies Act 2006 reporting Based on the responsibilities described below and our work performed during the course of the audit, we are required by the Companies Act 2006 and ISAs (UK) to report on certain opinions and matters as described below. Strategic Report and Directors’ Report Directors’ remuneration Corporate governance statement Matters on which we are required to report by exception In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: • • the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and Parent Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors’ Report. In our opinion, the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited has been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006. In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit the information about internal control and risk management systems in relation to financial reporting processes and about share capital structures, given in compliance with rules 7.2.5 and 7.2.6 in the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules sourcebook made by the Financial Conduct Authority (the FCA Rules), is consistent with the financial statements and has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Parent Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in this information. In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit information about the Parent Company’s corporate governance code and practices and about its administrative, management and supervisory bodies and their committees complies with rules 7.2.2, 7.2.3 and 7.2.7 of the FCA Rules. We have nothing to report arising from our responsibility to report if a corporate governance statement has not been prepared by the Parent Company. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: • adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or • the Parent Company financial statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or • certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or • we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. Responsibilities of directors As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 46 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. Use of our report This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Parent Company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Parent Company and the Parent Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Stephen Le Bas (Senior Statutory Auditor) For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor Southampton United Kingdom BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127). 26 May 2022 • Communicating relevant laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team members (which included motor dealership specialists) and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non- compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit; • Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance to identify any instances of non- compliance with laws and regulations; • Considering the susceptibility of the financial statements to misstatement as a result of fraud and identifying the areas in which fraud might occur as being through the management override of controls and manual adjustments to revenue and estimates in inventory; • Testing journals entries as part of our planned audit approach, with a particular focus on journal entries to key financial statement areas such as revenue and inventories and journals raised after the year-end; and • Consideration of significant management judgements, particularly in respect of the underlying assumptions in impairment assessments and estimating the defined pension benefit liability (as detailed within key audit matters above). Our audit procedures were designed to respond to risks of material misstatement in the financial statements, recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations or through collusion. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we are to become aware of it. Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: Procedures performed by the Group audit team included: • Discussions with management, the directors and those charged with governance regarding known or suspected instances of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations; • Obtaining an understanding of controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities, including specific consideration of controls and group accounting policies relating to significant accounting estimates; • Obtaining an understanding of the significant laws and regulations impacting the Group and the motor retail industry, including data protection laws and regulations around FCA compliance; 47 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsIncome Statement for the year ended 31 March 2022 Group and Company Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Operating expenses Distribution costs Administration expenses Operating profit before other income Other income (net) Operating profit Operating profit before non-underlying items Non-underlying items within operating profit Operating profit Finance expense Finance expense on pension scheme Net finance expense Profit before taxation Profit before tax and non-underlying items Non-underlying items within operating profit Non-underlying items within finance expense on pension scheme Profit before taxation Taxation Profit for the year attributable to the owners of the parent Earnings per share Basic Diluted Underlying earnings per share Basic Diluted See accompanying notes to the financial statements. 48 Note 1 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 223,928 165,085 (191,982) (142,304) 31,946 22,781 (17,442) (13,481) (9,227) 5,277 390 5,667 5,690 (23) 5,667 (1,116) (166) (1,282) (7,317) 1,983 909 2,892 3,142 (250) 2,892 (1,266) (202) (1,468) 4,385 1,424 4,574 (23) (166) 4,385 (1,386) 2,999 111.3p 109.6p 117.0p 115.2p 1,876 (250) (202) 1,424 (14) 1,410 52.4p 52.1p 66.0p 65.6p 4 2 3 6 7 2 2 8 9 9 9 9 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 March 2022 Group and Company Profit for the year Items that will never be reclassified to profit and loss: Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability Deferred tax on remeasurement Effect of change in deferred tax rate Total other comprehensive income/(expense), net of taxation Total comprehensive income for the year See accompanying notes to the financial statements. Note 23 24 2022 £’000 2,999 5,045 (1,261) 511 4,295 7,294 2021 £’000 1,410 (301) 57 — (244) 1,166 49 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsStatement of Financial Position at 31 March 2022 Non-current assets Right-of-use assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties Interest in lease Goodwill Deferred tax asset Investment in subsidiary undertakings Current assets Inventories Trade and other receivables Interest in lease Current tax recoverable Cash and cash equivalents Total assets Current liabilities Interest-bearing bank overdrafts and loans Trade and other payables Lease liabilities Current tax payable Net current assets Non-current liabilities Interest-bearing bank loans Lease liabilities Deferred tax liability Preference shares Retirement benefit obligations Total liabilities Net assets Capital and reserves Share capital Share premium account Capital redemption reserve Non-distributable reserve Retained earnings Total equity attributable to shareholders Note 11 12 13 14 15 24 16 17 18 14 20 19 22 20 22 25 23 25 Group 2022 £’000 1,413 38,975 7,646 389 286 — — Group 2021 £’000 Company 2022 £’000 Company 2021 £’000 610 37,624 7,751 557 286 412 — 1,413 38,975 7,646 389 286 — 250 610 37,624 7,751 557 286 412 250 48,709 47,240 48,959 47,490 27,546 5,264 168 40 2,759 35,777 84,486 1,875 29,495 496 236 32,102 3,675 36,562 5,072 173 34 5,735 47,576 94,816 3,875 39,338 495 306 44,014 3,562 27,546 5,264 168 40 2,759 35,777 84,736 1,875 29,745 496 236 32,352 3,425 36,562 5,072 173 34 5,735 47,576 95,066 3,875 39,588 495 306 44,264 3,312 11,312 12,187 11,312 12,187 1,434 1,298 812 2,797 17,653 49,755 34,731 1,439 272 707 1,724 30,589 34,731 783 — 812 9,434 23,216 67,230 27,586 1,439 272 707 1,724 23,444 27,586 1,434 1,298 812 2,797 17,653 50,005 34,731 1,439 272 707 1,724 30,589 34,731 783 — 812 9,434 23,216 67,480 27,586 1,439 272 707 1,724 23,444 27,586 The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 26 May 2022 and were signed on its behalf by: R C Wright Chairman M Warren Finance Director See accompanying notes to the financial statements. Company number: 105664 50 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022 Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended 31 March 2022 Group and Company At 1 April 2021 Total comprehensive income Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the year Transactions with owners: Dividends Issue of shares – SAYE Share-based payment At 31 March 2022 for the year ended 31 March 2021 Group and Company At 1 April 2020 Total comprehensive income/(expense) Profit for the year Other comprehensive expense Total comprehensive income for the year Transactions with owners: Issue of shares – SAYE Share-based payment At 31 March 2021 Share capital £’000 1,439 Share premium £’000 Capital redemption reserve £’000 Non- distributable reserve £’000 Retained earnings £’000 Total £’000 272 707 1,724 23,444 27,586 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,999 4,295 2,999 4,295 7,294 7,294 (202) — 53 (202) — 53 1,439 272 707 1,724 30,589 34,731 Share capital £’000 1,439 Share premium £’000 272 Capital redemption reserve £’000 Non- distributable reserve £’000 Retained earnings £’000 Total £’000 707 1,724 22,238 26,380 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,410 (244) 1,410 (244) 1,166 1,166 3 37 3 37 1,439 272 707 1,724 23,444 27,586 51 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsCash Flow Statement for the year ended 31 March 2022 Group and Company Net cash inflow from operating activities Investing activities Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment Purchases of property, plant and equipment Receipt from investment in lease Net cash outflow from investing activities Financing activities Revolving credit facility repaid Revolving credit facility utilised Secured loans repaid Bank refinancing arrangement fees Issue of shares – SAYE scheme Dividends paid Repayment of lease liabilities Net cash outflow from financing activities Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year See accompanying notes to the financial statements. Note 27 2022 £’000 3,390 — (2,837) 185 (2,652) (2,000) — (875) (98) — (202) (539) (3,714) (2,976) 5,735 2,759 2021 £’000 6,724 — (394) 185 (209) (2,000) 1,000 (657) — 3 — (604) (2,258) 4,257 1,478 5,735 52 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Principal Accounting Policies Basis of preparation and statement of compliance The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted in the United Kingdom. The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Although these estimates are based upon management’s best knowledge of the amount, events or actions, actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates. The estimated and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. Judgements made by the directors in the application of accounting policies that have significant effect on the financial statements and estimates with a significant risk of material adjustment in the next year are discussed in note 32. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in Sterling, which is both the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries and the presentational currency of the Group. All values are rounded to the nearest thousand pounds (£’000) except where otherwise indicated. Standards, amendments and interpretations to existing Standards that are not yet effective and have not been adopted early by the Group There have been no adoptions during the year which have had any material impact on the financial statements. At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, there are no new Standards, or amendments to existing Standards, that have been published by the International Accounting Standards Board that are not effective, and, in some cases, not yet been adopted by the UK endorsement board that would have a material impact on the Group. Going concern The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which the directors consider appropriate for the reasons set out below. The directors have considered the going concern basis and have undertaken a detailed review of trading and cash flow forecasts for a period in excess of one year from the date of approval of this Annual Report. This has focused primarily on the achievement of the banking covenants, which have all been achieved for the year under review. Under the Company’s first covenant test, it is required to make underlying earnings before bank interest, depreciation and amortisation (“senior EBITDA”) for the rolling twelve-month period to 31 March 2022, which is at least four times the level of interest payable on bank borrowings to HSBC and Volkswagen Bank (“senior interest”). The Company’s second covenant test requires total bank borrowings to HSBC and Volkswagen Bank at 31 March 2022 not to exceed 375% of senior EBITDA for the rolling twelve-month period to 31 March 2022. The Company’s final covenant test requires that the level of its bank borrowings do not exceed 70% of the independently assessed value of its charged freehold properties. In the coming twelve months, each of the three covenant tests must be passed at 30 June 2022, 30 September 2022, 31 December 2022 and 31 March 2023, with the test on 31 March 2023 being the final test to be carried out within the twelve-month period from the anniversary of the signing of these financial statements. The Company has modelled this period and conclude that there is headroom that would allow for an approximate 10% reduction in expected new and used units over this period. External market commentary provided by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (“SMMT”) indicate that new car registrations are forecast to show a year- on-year increase of 5% in 2022 to 1.72 million, with a further 17% increase into 2023 to 2.02 million registrations as the global shortage in semiconductors ends allowing manufacturing levels to rise. The used car market has remained stable over the five years from 2015 to 2019, at between 7.6 and 8.2 million transactions and dropped by only 15% in 2020 due to the effects of the covid-19 pandemic, compared to a comparable 29% fall in new car registrations. Since showrooms reopened in April 2021, demand for used cars has been buoyant and transactions grew by 12 % in 2021. The continuing shortage in new car supply has assisted the used car market, and is expected to continue to do so. The Company’s financial results in the year under review were robust and the current new car order take held for future delivery is at elevated levels. The directors have also considered the Company’s working capital requirements. The Company meets its day-to-day working capital requirements through short-term stocking loans and bank overdraft and medium-term revolving credit facilities and term loans. At the year-end, the medium-term banking facilities included a term loan with an outstanding balance of £6.2 million and a revolving credit facility of £6.0 million from HSBC, its primary bankers, with both facilities being renewable in April 2026. HSBC also make available a short- term overdraft facility of £3.5 million, which is renewed annually in August. The Company also has a ten-year term loan from Volkswagen Bank with a 53 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsPrincipal Accounting Policies continued balance outstanding at 31 March 2022 of £1.0 million, which is repayable to March 2024, and a short-term revolving credit facility of £4.0 million, which is renewed annually in August. In the opinion of the directors, there is a reasonable expectation that all facilities will be renewed at their scheduled expiry dates. The failure of a covenant test would render these facilities repayable on demand at the option of the lender. Information concerning the Company’s liquidity and financing risk are set out on page 10 and note 21 to the financial statements. The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources and headroom against the covenant test to be able continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and for at least twelve months from the date of approval of the Annual Report. For those reasons, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing this Annual Report. Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries (“the Group”) made up to 31 March each year. All subsidiaries are currently dormant, so the income, expenses and cash flows are the same for the Group and the Company. The results of businesses and subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the Consolidated Income Statement using the acquisition method from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by the Group. All intra-Group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation. Acquisitions On acquisition, the assets and liabilities and contingent liabilities of a subsidiary are measured at their fair values at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired 54 is recognised as goodwill, which is allocated to Cash Generating Units (“CGUs”). Any deficiency of the cost of acquisition below the fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired (i.e. discount on acquisition) is credited to profit or loss in the period of acquisition. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and is tested annually for impairment. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the income statement and is not subsequently reversed. Gains and losses on subsequent disposal of the assets acquired include any related goodwill. Goodwill arising on acquisitions before the date of transition to IFRS has been retained at the previous UK GAAP amounts subject to being tested for impairment at that date, and annually thereafter. Revenue recognition Revenue generated from a contract for the sale of goods is recognised on delivery when all promises to the customer have been fulfilled, such as the supply of a specific vehicle. If the customer has added various accessory products to their order, the Company’s promise is fulfilled by supplying these products onto the vehicle at the time of its delivery. Where the Company acts as an agent on behalf of a principal in relation to the sale of a new car, the associated income is recognised within revenue in the period in which the product is sold. Finance commissions are earned from the finance house that is providing a finance arrangement to a consumer buying the vehicle. In this regard, the Company’s customer is considered to be the finance house, rather than the end user of the vehicle. Income derived from such commissions is recognised within revenue on completion of the arranging of the various products (i.e. at the point at which control passes to the customer). For servicing work, the Company promises to complete the work in accordance to the contract. This obligation is satisfied when the customer takes collection of their vehicle on completion of the work. If a customer takes out a service plan, the Company has a future obligation to complete agreed work over a set period of time – these obligations are only completed in full once those elements of the service plan have expired. Where the Company sells a service plan alongside a vehicle, the service element is distinct from the vehicle sale and is subject to a fixed and determinable transaction price. Each individual service included within the service plan is considered distinct and revenue is recognised at a point in time when the services have been carried out. The obligation of supplying vehicle parts to customers is satisfied when the customer takes delivery of the goods. Supplier income The Company receives income from brand partners and other suppliers. These are generally based on achieving certain predetermined objectives such as specific sales volumes and maintaining agreed operational standards. The supplier income received is recognised as a deduction from cost of sales at the point when it is reasonably certain that the targets have been achieved for the relevant period and when income can be measured reliably based on the terms of each relevant supplier agreement. Supplier income that has been earned but not invoiced at the balance sheet date is recognised in other receivables. Manufacturer bonuses are recognised as income to gross profit but not within revenue. Government and other support grants Government grants received under the Coronavirus Job retention Scheme (“CJRS”) and support and re-opening grants received from local Councils in the geographical areas that the Company operates are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grants will be received and that all attached conditions have been complied with. The grants received under CJRS are credited to the appropriate cost lines in Income Statement to which the affected furlough employees would normally be charged. Local Council support and re- opening grants are recognised as Other Income. Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Non-underlying items Non-underlying items are those items that are unusual because of their size, nature or incidence. Management consider that these items should be disclosed separately to enable a full understanding of the operating results. Profits and losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment are also disclosed as non-underlying, as are certain redundancy costs and costs attributable to vacant properties held pending their disposal. The net financing return and service cost on pension obligations in respect of the defined benefit pension scheme, which is closed to future accrual, are presented as non-underlying items due to the inability of management to influence the underlying assumptions from which the charges are derived. All other activities are treated as underlying. Borrowing costs All borrowing costs are recognised in the Income Statement in the period in which they are incurred unless the borrowing costs are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, in which case they are capitalised. Retirement benefit costs The Company operates the Caffyns Pension Scheme, which is a defined benefit pension scheme. The defined benefit scheme defines the amount of pension benefit that an employee will receive on retirement, dependent on one or more factors including age, years of service and final salary. The Scheme was closed to new members in 2006 and to future accrual in April 2010. Under IAS 19 (Revised) Employee Benefits, the defined benefit deficit is included on the Statement of Financial Position. Liabilities are calculated based on the current yields on high- quality corporate bonds and on market conditions. Surpluses are only included to the extent that they are recoverable through reduced contributions in the future or through refunds from the Scheme. Remeasurement arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions each year are charged or credited, net of deferred tax, to reserves and shown in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. An interest expense or income is calculated on the defined benefit liability or asset respectively by applying the discount rate to that defined benefit liability or asset. The Company also provides pension arrangements for employees under defined contribution schemes. Contributions for these schemes are charged to the Income Statement in the year in which they are payable. Share-based employee compensation The Company operates an equity settled share-based compensation plan for all employees through the Company’s Save As You Earn (“SAYE”) scheme. All employee services received in exchange for the grant of any share-based compensation are measured at their fair values. These are indirectly determined by reference to the share option awarded. Their fair value is appraised at the grant date. The vesting period from the date of grant is three years. All share-based compensation is ultimately recognised as an expense in the Income Statement with a corresponding credit to retained earnings, net of deferred tax where applicable in the Statement of Financial Position. If vesting periods or other vesting conditions apply, the expense is allocated over the vesting period, based on the best available estimate of the number of share options expected to vest. Service and performance vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to become exercisable. Non-vesting conditions, such as the employee’s requirement to continue to save under the SAYE scheme, are considered when determining the fair value of the award. Estimates are subsequently revised if there is any indication that the number of share options expected to vest differs from previous estimates. No adjustment to the expense recognised in prior periods is made if fewer share options ultimately are exercised than originally estimated. Failure by the employee to meet a vesting condition is treated as a cancellation. Fair value is measured by use of the Black-Scholes model. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations. Taxation The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. Tax balances are not discounted. The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the Income Statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year-end accounting date. Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for using the liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each financial year- end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. 55 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsPrincipal Accounting Policies continued Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the Income Statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited within other comprehensive income, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in other comprehensive income. The tax base of an item considers its intended method of recovery by either sale or use. Property, plant and equipment Land and buildings used in the business are stated in the Statement of Financial Position at cost. The property held at the date of transition to IFRSs in 2007 was recognised at deemed cost, being the carrying amount at the date of transition to IFRSs. The date of the last valuation undertaken under its previous GAAP was in 1995. Depreciation on buildings is charged to the Income Statement. On the subsequent sale of a property, the attributable surplus remaining in the non- distributable reserve is transferred directly to accumulated profits. Properties in the course of construction are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and attributable borrowing costs. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. Properties are regarded as purchased or sold on the date on which contracts for the purchase or sale become unconditional. The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the Income Statement. Other assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment loss. 56 Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost less residual values of assets, other than land and properties under construction, over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, on the following basis: Freehold buildings – 50 years Leasehold buildings – period of lease Plant and machinery, fixtures and fittings – 3 to 10 years The residual value of all assets, depreciation methods and useful economic lives, if significant, are assessed annually. Investment property Investment property, which is property held to earn rentals and/ or capital appreciation, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Rental income from investment property is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Depreciation is charged to write off the cost less residual values of investment properties over their estimated useful lives using the straight- line method over 50 years. Any transfers from property, plant and equipment are made at cost less accumulated depreciation. Leases The Company recognises a right-of- use asset and a lease liability at the commencement date of the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, and subsequently at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and is then adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability. Depreciation is recognised on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease the right-of-use asset is expected to be utilised. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is subsequently increased by the interest cost on the lease liability and reduced by payments made. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change of index or rate, a variation in amounts payable following contractual rent reviews and changes in the assessment of whether an extension/ termination option is reasonably certain to be exercised. Where lease contracts include renewal and termination options, judgement is applied to determine the lease term. The assessment of whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise such options impacts the lease term and the subsequent recognition of the lease liability and right-of-use asset. Where the Company acts as a lessor, receipts of lease payments are recognised in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless it is deemed that the risks and rewards of ownership have been substantially transferred to the Company’s lessee. If it is deemed that the risks and rewards of ownership have been substantially transferred then the Company will, rather than recognise a right-of-use asset, recognise an investment in the lease, this being the present value of future lease receipts discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if this is not specified, at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The finance lease receivable will be increased by the interest received less payments made by the lessee. Impairment a. Impairment of goodwill: Goodwill is tested annually for impairment. If an impairment provision is made, it cannot subsequently be reversed. b. Impairment of property, plant and equipment, investment properties and right-of-use assets: At each financial year-end date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment, investment properties and right-of-use assets in order to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where the asset does not generate cash inflows that are independent from other assets, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the CGU to which it belongs. Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash inflows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash inflows have not been adjusted. If the recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised as an expense immediately, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (CGU) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (CGU) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised as income immediately, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other groups of assets. Management have determined that the CGUs are the individual dealerships for each franchise. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost represents the purchase price plus any additional costs incurred. Vehicle inventories include owned vehicles used for demonstration purposes and as courtesy cars for service customers. Consignment vehicles are regarded as being under the effective control of the Company and are included within inventories on the Statement of Financial Position as the Company has substantially all the significant risks and rewards of ownership even though legal title may not yet have passed. The corresponding liability is included in trade and other payables. Parts inventories are valued at cost and are written down to net realisable value, in accordance with normal industry practice, by providing for obsolescence on a time in stock basis. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs to completion and costs to be incurred in marketing and selling. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and on demand deposits. In the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents exclude the Company’s Cash Overdraft facility from Volkswagen Bank, as this facility has the properties of a revolving credit facility. This facility is shown within interest-bearing borrowings in current liabilities on the Statement of Financial Position. Investments in subsidiary undertakings Investments in subsidiary undertakings are included at cost less amounts written off if the investment is determined to have been impaired and are included in the Parent Company’s separate financial statements. Interest-bearing borrowings Interest-bearing bank loans and revolving credit facilities are recorded at their fair value on initial recognition (normally the proceeds received less transaction costs that are directly attributable to the financial liability) and subsequently at amortised cost under the effective interest method. Finance charges, including premiums payable on settlement or redemption and direct issue costs, are accounted for on an accruals basis to profit or loss using the effective interest method and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled in the period in which they arise. Trade and other payables Trade payables are not interest-bearing and are stated at their fair value on initial recognition and are subsequently carried at amortised cost. Other payables include obligations relating to consignment stock and vehicle stocking loans. Obligations relating to consignment stock relate to new cars supplied by manufacturers on consignment terms and the full purchase price can be funded. Vehicle stocking loans relates to creditors in relation to used vehicles and is funded up to a level generally 80% of market value of the used car based on independent market guides. The utilisation is recorded at fair value with associated interest charged to profit or loss. Cash flows relating to these arrangements are included in operating cash flows. Equity Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 57 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsPrincipal Accounting Policies continued for the year ended 31 March 2022 Share premium includes any premium received on the sale of shares. Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted from share premium, net of any corporation tax benefits. The capital redemption reserve comprises the nominal value of ordinary and preference share capital purchased by the Company in prior years and cancelled. The non-distributable reserve within equity is a revaluation reserve which comprises gains and losses due to the revaluation of property, plant and equipment prior to 1995. Retained earnings includes all current and prior period retained profits. Where any company in the Group purchases the Company’s equity share capital (treasury shares), the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of tax), is deducted from equity attributable to the Company’s equity holders until the shares are cancelled, reissued or disposed of. Where such shares are subsequently sold or reissued any consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental transactions costs and the related tax effects, is included in equity attributable to the Company’s equity holders. Preference shares Preference shares are accounted for as non-current liabilities, as they have the attributes of debt. Preference dividends are accounted for as finance charges within finance expenses. Financial instruments Recognition, initial measurement and re-recognition Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument and are measured initially at fair value adjusted for transaction costs, except for those carried at fair value through profit and loss which are measured initially at fair value. Subsequent measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities is described below. Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards are transferred. The only types of financial assets held by the Group are financial assets at amortised cost. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. Financial assets at amortised cost Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their fair value on initial recognition as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts and subsequently carried at amortised cost. The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses, which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all receivables. The expected loss rates are based on the payment profile of sales over 36 months before the year-end date, or the first day of the accounting period under review respectively, and the corresponding historical losses expected in the period. The Company also considers future expected credit losses due to circumstances in addition to historical loss rates. 58 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Notes to the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March 2022 1. General information Caffyns plc is a company incorporated in England and Wales under the Companies Act 2006 and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The address of the registered office is given on page 16. Its revenue is attributable to the sole activity of operating as a motor retailer in the south-east of the United Kingdom and comprises revenue from: Sale of goods Rendering of services Total revenue 2022 £’000 211,485 12,443 223,928 2021 £’000 154,269 10,816 165,085 Sales of motor vehicles, parts and aftersales services The Group’s full revenue recognition policy is set out in the section on Principal Accounting Policies under the heading Revenue Recognition. The Group generates revenue through the sale of new and used motor vehicles and of parts (together comprising Sale of Goods as shown above), and through the provision of aftersales services in the form of vehicle servicing, maintenance and repairs and introducing customers to finance companies (together comprising Rendering of Services as shown above). The Group recognises revenue from the sale of new and used motor vehicles when a customer takes possession of the vehicle, at which point they have an obligation to pay in full and as such control is considered to transfer at this point. The Group typically receives cash equal to the invoice amount for most direct retail sales to consumers at the time the consumer takes possession of the vehicle. When the consumer has taken out a finance agreement to purchase the vehicle, the Group receives payment from the finance company at the time the consumer takes possession of the vehicle. Payment terms on sales to corporate customers typically range from seven to ten days. The Company acts as an agent in instances where it facilitates sales that have been arranged by the manufacturer. The Group recognises revenue from the provision of aftersales services when the service has been completed, at which point customers have an obligation to pay in full. The Group typically receives cash equal to the invoice amount for most direct retail sales to consumers at the time the service has been completed. Payment terms on sales to corporate customers typically range from 30 to 60 days. All revenue recognised in the Income Statement is from contracts with customers and no other revenue has been recognised. No impaired losses have been recognised on any receivables arising from a contract with a customer. Due to the nature of the Group’s contractual relationships with customers and the nature of the services provided, there are no timing differences between revenue recognised in the Income Statement and trade receivables being recognised in the Statement of Financial Position. There have been no significant judgements regarding the timing of transactions or the associated transaction price. The transaction price is set out in individual contractual agreements and there is a range of prices based on the types of goods and services offered. There are no variable pricing considerations. Contract liabilities relating to aftersales service plans Where the Group receives an amount of consideration in advance of completion of performance obligations under a contract with a customer, the value of the advance consideration is initially recognised as a contract liability within liabilities. Revenue is subsequently recognised as the performance obligations are completed over the period of the contract (i.e. as control is passed to the customer). Contract liabilities are presented within trade and other payables in the Statement of Financial Position and disclosed in note 19 Trade and Other Payables. Approximately one-third of the value of these liabilities would be anticipated to be recognised as revenue in each of the next three financial years. Contract costs The Group applies the practical expedient in paragraph 94 of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts and recognises the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortisation period of the assets that the Group otherwise would have recognised is one year or less. The Group is satisfied that any incremental costs incurred in obtaining contracts that extend for more than one year is immaterial. Transaction price allocation to remaining performance obligations The Group applies the practical expedient in paragraph 121 if IFRS 15 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. 59 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials1. General information continued Segmental reporting Based upon the management information reported to the chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive, in the opinion of the directors the Company has one reportable segment. The Company physically operates and is managed from individual dealership sites although strategic and investment decisions are made based on dealership groupings or market territories. The Company’s individual dealerships represent a range of manufacturers but are considered to have similar economic characteristics, such as margin structures, and offer similar products and services to a similar customer base. As such, the results of each dealership have been aggregated to form one reportable segment. There are no major customers amounting to 10% or more of revenue. All revenue and non-current assets derive from, or are based in, the United Kingdom. 2. Non-underlying items Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment Other income, net Within operating expenses: Service cost on pension scheme Redundancy and restructuring costs Property impairments Non-underlying items within operating profit Net finance expense on pension scheme Non-underlying items within net finance expense Total non-underlying items before taxation Taxation credit on non-underlying items Total non-underlying items after taxation 2022 £’000 — — (23) — — (23) (23) (166) (166) (189) 36 (153) 2021 £’000 (3) (3) (23) (40) (184) (247) (250) (202) (202) (452) 86 (366) In the prior period, the following items were recorded as non-underlying items: • • redundancy and restructuring costs of £40,000 were incurred in the year as a result of changes necessitated by the covid-19 pandemic; the carrying value of a freehold property was impaired by a total of £184,000 following advice from the Company’s independent valuer, CBRE Limited (see notes 12 and 13). 3. Operating profit Operating profit has been arrived at after charging/(crediting): Employee benefit expense Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme grant claims Depreciation of property, plant, equipment and investment property – owned asset – right-of-use assets Impairments of investment property Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment Short-term lease rentals payable – land and buildings Rental income 2022 £’000 17,428 (110) 1,683 339 — — 93 (336) 2021 £’000 15,236 (2,413) 1,667 315 184 3 106 (710) The Company applies the exemption in IFRS 16 Leases not to recognise right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases with a duration of less than twelve months. 60 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022 Operating profit has been arrived at after charging: Auditor’s remuneration Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the Company’s annual accounts Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services: – pursuant to legislation being review of interim financial statements 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 73 20 93 73 13 86 The Company’s Statutory Auditor is BDO LLP. The statutory audit of the Caffyns plc Occupational Pension Scheme is performed by Grant Thornton UK LLP. A description of the work of the Audit and Risk Committee is set out in the Chairman’s Statement on Corporate Governance on pages 19 and 20 and includes an explanation of how auditor objectivity and independence is safeguarded when non-audit services are provided by the Statutory Auditor. The Company refers to underlying profit and underlying EBITDA as being key alternative performance measures when considering the results for the year. These performance metrics can be reconciled to the Company’s result for the year as follows: Profit for the year Tax charge (note 8) Profit before tax Net finance expense (notes 6 and 7) Non-underlying items within operating profit (note 2) Depreciation charged on property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets and investment properties (notes 11, 12 and 13) Underlying earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (“EBITDA”) 4. Other income Rent receivable Local Government covid-19 support grants Loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets Other income 2022 £’000 2,999 1,386 4,385 1,282 23 2,022 7,712 2022 £’000 336 54 — 390 2021 £’000 1,410 14 1,424 1,468 250 1,982 5,124 2021 £’000 710 202 (3) 909 61 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials5. Employee benefit expense The average number of people (full-time equivalents) employed in the following areas was: Group and Company Sales Aftersales Administration Average number of full-time equivalents employees Employee benefit expense, including directors, during the year amounted to: Group and Company Wages and salaries Social security costs Redundancy costs Contributions to defined contribution plans Other pension costs (see note 23) Employee benefit expense Directors’ emoluments were: Salaries and short-term employee benefits Details of the directors’ remuneration are provided in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 23 to 34. Key management compensation: Salaries and short-term employee benefits Key management personnel includes the directors and other key operational employees. 6. Finance expense Interest payable on bank borrowings Interest payable on inventory stocking loans (see note 19) Interest on lease liabilities Finance costs amortised Preference dividends (see note 10) Finance income on interest in lease Finance expense 7. Finance expense on pension scheme Defined benefit pension scheme net finance expense (see note 23) 62 2022 Number 2021 Number 123 199 80 402 2022 £’000 15,455 1,641 — 309 189 121 201 80 402 2021 £’000 13,614 1,325 40 234 225 17,594 15,438 2022 £’000 1,092 2022 £’000 1,829 2021 £’000 591 2021 £’000 1,081 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 297 581 37 141 72 (12) 367 681 21 125 72 — 1,116 1,266 2022 £’000 166 2021 £’000 202 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 20228. Tax Current tax UK corporation tax Adjustments recognised in the period for current tax of prior periods Total charge Deferred tax (see note 24) Origination and reversal of temporary differences Change in corporation tax rate Adjustments recognised in the period for deferred tax of prior periods Total charge/(credit) Tax charged in the Income Statement The tax charge/(credit) arises as follows: On normal trading On non-underlying items (see note 2) Tax charged in the Income Statement The charge for the year can be reconciled to the profit per the Income Statement as follows: Profit before tax Tax at the UK corporation tax rate of 19% (2021: 19%) Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit Movement in rolled over and held over gains Change in corporation tax rate Reversal of impairment of Advanced Corporation Tax asset Other differences Adjustment to tax charge in respect of prior periods Tax charge for the year 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 432 (5) 427 312 647 — 959 1,386 2022 £’000 1,422 (36) 1,386 2022 £’000 4,385 833 126 (215) 647 — — (5) 1,386 401 (33) 368 (381) — 27 (354) 14 2021 £’000 100 (86) 14 2021 £’000 1,424 271 133 (117) — (301) 34 (6) 14 The current year total tax charge is impacted by the effect of non-deductible expenses, which includes non-qualifying depreciation; and one-off rate change adjustments to take into account the legislative increase in the corporation tax rate to 25% in 2023. In the prior year, an impairment provision against the carrying value of an Advanced Corporation Tax asset was reversed. This impairment was initially made in the year ended 31 March 2019 at which time management did not recognise an overall deferred tax asset due to the inherent uncertainty at that date. This approach remained unchanged at the previous year end, with 31 March 2020 being immediately after the start of the first covid-19 lockdown, and at the height of the accompanying economic uncertainty, but was altered at the half-year, at 30 September 2020. Forecasts prepared by management at that time, extending across a five year period, reflected an improvement to the levels of profits and these forecasts allowed the previously held view to be revised and the impairment to be reversed, given management’s judgement of a higher level of certainty that the available Advanced Corporation Tax and other deferred tax assets would be utilised in future years. 63 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials8. Tax continued The total tax charge for the year is made up as follows: Total current tax charge Deferred tax charge/(credit) Charged/(credited) in the Income Statement Charged/(credited) against other comprehensive income Total deferred tax charge/(credit) Total tax charge/(credit) for the year 2022 £’000 427 959 750 1,709 2,136 2021 £’000 368 (354) (57) (411) (43) Factors affecting the future tax charge The Company has unrelieved advance corporation tax of £0.5 million (2021: £1.1 million), which is available to be utilised against future mainstream corporation tax liabilities and is accounted for in deferred tax (see note 24). 9. Earnings per Ordinary share The calculation of the basic earnings per share is based on the earnings attributable to Ordinary shareholders divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year. Treasury shares are treated as cancelled for the purposes of this calculation. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is based on the basic earnings per share, adjusted to allow for the issue of shares and the post-tax effect of dividends and/or interest on the assumed conversion of all dilutive options and other dilutive potential Ordinary shares. Reconciliations of earnings and weighted average number of shares used in the calculations are set out below: Underlying Basic 2022 £’000 4,385 189 4,574 (1,422) 3,152 117.0p 115.2p 2021 £’000 1,424 452 1,876 (100) 1,776 66.0p 65.6p 2022 £’000 4,385 — 4,385 (1,386) 2,999 111.3p 109.6p 2022 £’000 3,152 117.0p 115.2p (153) (5.7)p (5.6)p 3,019 111.3p 109.6p 2021 £’000 1,424 — 1,424 (14) 1,410 52.4p 52.1p 2021 £’000 1,776 66.0p 65.6p (366) (13.6)p (13.5)p 1,410 52.4p 52.1p Profit before tax Adjustments: Non-underlying items (note 2) Profit before tax Tax (note 8) Profit after tax Earnings per share (pence) Diluted earnings per share (pence) Underlying earnings after tax Underlying earnings per share (pence) Underlying diluted earnings per share (pence) Non-underlying losses after tax Losses per share (pence) Diluted losses per share (pence) Total earnings Earnings per share (pence) Diluted earnings per share (pence) 64 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022 The number of fully paid Ordinary shares in circulation at the year-end was 2,695,502 (2021: 2,695,376). The weighted average number of shares in issue for the purposes of the earnings per share calculation were 2,695,418 (2021: 2,694,846). The shares granted in the year under the Company’s SAYE scheme have been treated as dilutive. For the purposes of this calculation, the weighted average number of shares in issue for the purposes of the earnings per share calculation were 2,737,264 (2021: 2,707,660). 10. Dividends Preference shares 7% Cumulative First Preference 11% Cumulative Preference 6% Cumulative Second Preference Included in finance expense (see note 6) Ordinary shares Interim dividend of 7½ pence per Ordinary share paid in respect of the current year (2021: Nil) No final dividend paid in respect of the March 2021 year end (2020: Nil) A final dividend of 15.0 pence per Ordinary share was declared in respect of the current year ended 31 March 2022. 11. Right-of-use assets Group and Company Deemed cost At 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021 Deemed cost At 1 April 2021 Additions At 31 March 2022 Accumulated depreciation At 1 April 2020 Depreciation for the year At 31 March 2021 Accumulated depreciation At 1 April 2021 Depreciation for the year At 31 March 2022 Net book value At 31 March 2022 At 31 March 2021 The right-of-use assets above represent three long-term property leases for premises from which the Company operates a Volkswagen dealership in Brighton, a Volvo dealership in Worthing and a car storage compound in Tunbridge Wells. Depreciation charges of £339,000 (2021: £315,000) in respect of right-of-use assets has been recognised within administration expenses in the Income Statement. The interest expense on the associated lease liability of £37,000 (2021: £21,000) is disclosed in note 6. Payments made in the year on the above leases were £353,000 (2021: £335,000). Payments made in the year under other leases with contractual periods of 12 months or less, which have not been required to be capitalised, of £93,000 (2021: £106,000) are disclosed in note 3. 65 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 12 48 12 72 202 — 202 12 48 12 72 — — — £’000 1,181 1,181 1,142 2,323 256 315 571 571 339 910 1,413 610 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials12. Property, plant and equipment Group and Company Cost or deemed cost At 1 April 2020 Additions at cost Disposals At 31 March 2021 Cost or deemed cost At 1 April 2021 Additions at cost Disposals At 31 March 2022 Accumulated depreciation At 1 April 2020 Depreciation charge for the year Disposals At 31 March 2021 Accumulated depreciation At 1 April 2021 Depreciation charge for the year Disposals At 31 March 2022 Net book value 31 March 2022 31 March 2021 31 March 2020 Freehold property £’000 Leasehold improvements £’000 Fixtures & fittings £’000 Plant & machinery £’000 Total £’000 40,752 — — 40,752 40,752 1,945 — 42,697 5,530 583 — 6,113 6,113 616 — 6,729 35,968 34,639 35,222 728 — — 728 728 — — 728 507 74 — 581 581 73 — 654 74 147 221 5,220 160 (30) 6,517 53,217 234 (16) 394 (46) 5,350 6,735 53,565 5,350 508 (229) 5,629 3,596 522 (27) 4,091 4,091 506 (229) 4,368 1,261 1,259 1,624 6,735 476 (2,135) 5,076 4,801 371 (16) 53,565 2,929 (2,364) 54,130 14,434 1,550 (43) 5,156 15,941 5,156 383 (2,135) 3,404 1,672 1,579 1,716 15,941 1,578 (2,364) 15,155 38,975 37,624 38,783 Short-term leasehold property for both the Company and the Group comprises £74,000 at net book value in the Statement of Financial Position (2021: £147,000). Depreciation charges of £1,578,000 (2021: £1,550,000) in respect of property, plant and equipment has been recognised within administration expenses in the Income Statement. The freehold properties were originally revalued externally on 31 March 1995 by Herring Baker Harris, Chartered Surveyors, at open market value for existing use (which is close to the then fair value). Freehold properties acquired since that date and the other assets listed above have been stated at cost in accordance with IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment. The Company valued its portfolio of freehold premises and investment properties as at 31 March 2022. The valuation was carried out by CBRE Limited, Chartered Surveyors, in accordance with the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors valuation – global and professional standards requirements. The valuation is based on existing use value which has been calculated by applying various assumptions as to tenure, letting, town planning, and the condition and repair of buildings and sites including ground and groundwater contamination. Management are satisfied that this valuation is materially accurate. The excess of the valuation over net book value as at 31 March 2022 of those sites was £13.3 million (2021: £12.3 million). In accordance with the Company’s accounting policies, this surplus has not been incorporated into these financial statements. 66 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 202213. Investment properties Group and Company Cost At 1 April 2021 and 31 March 2022 Accumulated depreciation At 1 April 2021 Depreciation for the year Impairments for the year At 31 March 2022 Net book value At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 9,650 9,650 1,899 105 — 2,004 1,598 117 184 1,899 7,646 7,751 Depreciation and impairment charges of £105,000 (2021: £301,000) in respect of Investment properties have been recognised within administration expenses in the Income Statement. The Company owns a freehold property that is partially leased out to a third-party tenant, and accordingly accounts for the property as an investment property. Based on an independent valuation of the property carried out by CBRE, no impairment charges were required to be recognised in the Income Statement, as part of administration expenses (2021: £184,000). This investment property represents the only asset included in that CGU. In assessing this property for impairment, the directors based their assessment of the recoverable amount on fair value less selling costs. The fair value measurement of the CGU in its entirety was categorised as a Level 3 within the hierarchy set out in IFRS 13 Fair Measurement. The valuation technique that is used to measure the fair value less costs of disposal is consistent with that applied in respect of the Company’s property, plant and equipment, which is set out in note 12. The following are key assumptions on which the directors based their determination of fair value less costs of disposal in respect of that CGU: • Market value of buildings per square foot: £195 • Market value of site per acre: £2,472,000 • Initial and reversionary yields: 6.7% and 7.0% respectively • Costs of disposal: 1.5% of fair value As described in note 12, the total excess of the valuation of all of the Company’s freehold properties over net book value as at 31 March 2022 was £13.3 million (2021: £12.3 million). Investment properties accounted for £0.8 million (2021: £0.6 million) of this surplus. 14. Net investment in lease Group and Company Due after more than one year Due within one year At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 389 168 557 2021 £’000 557 173 730 The premises shown above are sub-let to a third party under a lease which has the same terms and duration as the Company’s own lease. 67 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials15. Goodwill Group and Company Cost At 1 April 2021 and 31 March 2022 Provision for impairment At 1 April 2021 and 31 March 2022 Carrying amounts allocated to CGUs Volkswagen, Brighton Audi, Eastbourne At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 481 195 200 86 286 481 195 200 86 286 For the purposes of the annual impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to a CGU. Each CGU is allocated against the lowest level within the entity at which goodwill is monitored for management purposes. Consequently, the directors recognise CGUs to be those assets attributable to individual dealerships and the table above sets out the allocation of goodwill into the individual dealership CGUs. The carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the Volkswagen, Brighton CGU is the only amount considered significant in comparison with the Group’s total carrying amount of goodwill. Goodwill impairment reviews are undertaken annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable and a potential impairment may be required. Impairment reviews have been performed for all CGUs for the years ended 31 March 2021 and 2022. Valuation basis The recoverable amount of each CGU is based on the higher of its fair value less selling costs and value in use. The fair value less selling costs of each CGU is based initially upon the market value of any property contained within it and is determined by an independent valuer as described in note 12. Where the fair value less selling costs of a CGU indicates that an impairment may have occurred, a discounted cash flow calculation is prepared in order to assess the value in use of that CGU, involving the application of a pre-tax discount rate to the projected, risk-adjusted pre-tax cash inflows and terminal value. Period of specific projected cash flows (Volkswagen, Brighton CGU) The recoverable amount of the Volkswagen, Brighton CGU is based on value in use. Value in use is calculated using cash flow projections for a five-year period from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2027. These projections are based on the most recent budget which has been approved by the board being the budget for the year ending 31 March 2023. The key assumptions in the most recent annual budget on which the cash flow projections are based relate to expectations of sales volumes and margins, and expectations around changes in the operating cost base. These assumptions are based on past experience, adjusted to expected changes, and on external sources of information. The cash flows include ongoing capital expenditure required to maintain the dealership but exclude any growth capital expenditure projects to which the Group was not committed at the reporting date. Growth rates, ranging from -1% (2021: -1%) to 15% (2021: 176%) have been used to forecast cash flows for a further four years beyond the budget period, through to 31 March 2027. These growth rates reflect the products and markets in which the CGU operates. These growth rates do not give rise to an impairment. Growth rates are internal forecasts based on a combination of internal and external information. Based on these forecasts, the headroom available on the total future profits is £3.2 million (2021: £2.4 million) before an impairment would be necessary. Period of specific projected cash flows (Volvo, Worthing CGU) The recoverable amount of the Volvo, Worthing CGU is based on value in use. Value in use is calculated using cash flow projections for a five-year period from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2027. These projections are based on the most recent budget which has been approved by the board being the budget for the year ending 31 March 2023. The key assumptions in the most recent annual budget on which the cash flow projections are based relate to expectations of sales volumes and margins, and expectations around changes in the operating cost base. These assumptions are based on past experience, adjusted to expected changes, and on external sources of information. The cash flows include ongoing capital expenditure required to maintain the dealership but exclude any growth capital expenditure projects to which the Group was not committed at the reporting date. Growth rates, ranging from -46% (2021: -25%) to 7% (2021: 8%) have been used to forecast cash flows for a further four years beyond the budget period, through to 31 March 2027. These growth rates reflect the products and markets in which the CGU operates. These growth rates do not give rise to an impairment. Growth rates are internal forecasts based on a combination of internal and external information. Based on these forecasts, the headroom available on the total future profits is £1.1 million (2021: £1.7 million) before an impairment would be necessary. 68 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022 Discount rate The cash flow projections have been discounted using a rate derived from the Group’s pre-tax weighted average cost of capital, adjusted for industry and market risk. The discount rate used was 12.4% (2021: 12.4%). Terminal growth rate The cash flows subsequent to the forecast period are extrapolated into the future over the useful economic life of the CGU using a steady or declining growth rate that is consistent with that of the product and industry. These cash flows form the basis of what is referred to as the terminal value. The growth rate to perpetuity beyond the initial budgeted cash flows used in the value in use calculations to arrive at a terminal value is 0.5% (2021: 0.5%). Terminal growth rates are based on management’s estimate of future long-term average growth rates. Conclusion At 31 March 2022, no impairment charge in respect of goodwill was identified (2021: no impairment charge). Sensitivity to changes in key assumptions Impairment testing is dependent on estimates and judgements, particularly as they relate to the forecasting of future cash flows. The outcome of the impairment test is not sensitive to reasonably possible changes in respect of the projected cash flows, the discount rate applied, nor in respect of the terminal growth rate assumed. 16. Investments in subsidiary undertakings The Company owns the whole of the issued ordinary share capital of Caffyns Wessex Limited, Caffyns Properties Limited and Fasthaven Limited, all of which are dormant. The amount at which the investments are stated is equivalent to the net assets of the subsidiaries. All subsidiary undertakings are registered in England and Wales and have their registered office at 4 Meads Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN20 7DR. Company Cost At 1 April 2021 and 31 March 2022 Provision At 1 April 2021 and 31 March 2022 Net book value At 31 March 2022 At 31 March 2021 17. Inventories Group and Company Vehicles Vehicles on consignment Oil, spare parts and materials Work in progress At 31 March 2022 Group and Company: Inventories recognised as an expense during the year Inventories stated at fair value less costs to sell Carrying value of inventories subject to retention of title clauses 2022 £’000 476 226 250 250 2021 £’000 19,741 15,995 821 5 2022 £’000 22,561 3,969 1,009 7 27,546 36,562 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 185,398 135,348 884 14,675 708 23,940 69 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials17. Inventories continued All vehicle inventories held under consignment stocking arrangements are deemed to be assets of the Group and are included on the Statement of Financial Position from the date of consignment. The corresponding liabilities to the manufacturers are included within trade and other payables. Inventories can be held on consignment for a maximum consignment period set by the manufacturer, which is generally between 180 and 365 days. Interest is payable in certain cases for part of the consignment period, at various rates indirectly linked to the Bank of England base rate. During the year, £25,000 was recognised in respect of the write-down of inventories of spare parts due to general obsolescence (2021: £37,000). 18. Trade and other receivables Group and Company Trade receivables Allowance for doubtful debts Other receivables At 31 March 2022 All amounts are due within one year. 2022 £’000 3,979 (4) 3,975 1,289 5,264 2021 £’000 3,757 (3) 3,754 1,318 5,072 The Group makes an impairment provision for all debts that are considered unlikely to be collected. At 31 March 2022 trade receivables were shown net of an allowance for impairment of £4,000 (2021: £3,000). The charge recognised during the year was £4,000 (2021: £2,000). Trade receivables have been classified at amortised cost under IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. Group and Company Not impaired: Neither past due nor impaired Past due up to three months but not impaired At 31 March 2022 Group and Company The movement in the allowance for impairment during the year was: At 1 April 2021 Impairment recognised in the Income Statement Utilisation At 31 March 2022 All amounts are due within one year. 2022 £’000 3,910 65 3,975 2022 £’000 3 4 (3) 4 2021 £’000 3,694 60 3,754 2021 £’000 7 2 (6) 3 Credit risk The Company’s principal financial assets are trade receivables, bank balances and cash that represent the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to financial assets. The Company’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables that are due on the earlier of the presentation of the invoice or the expiry of a credit term. The amounts presented in the Statement of Financial Position are net of allowances for doubtful receivables, estimated by the Company’s management based on prior experience and their assessment of the current economic environment. Consequently, the directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value. Before granting any new customer credit terms the Company uses external credit rating agencies to assess the potential new customer’s credit quality and to define credit facility limits to be made available. These credit limits and creditworthiness are regularly reviewed. The concentration of credit risk is limited due to the customer base being large and unrelated. The Company has no customer that represents more than 5% of the total balance of trade receivables. 70 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 202219. Trade and other payables Trade payable Obligations relating to consignment stock Vehicle stocking loans Social security and other taxes Accruals Deferred income Other creditors Group total Amounts owed to Group undertakings Company total 2022 £’000 14,034 3,969 7,327 823 2,732 532 78 29,495 250 29,745 2021 £’000 14,742 15,995 5,100 1,173 1,482 614 232 39,338 250 39,588 Trade and other payables principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. The average credit period taken for these trade-related purchases was 28 days (2021: 33 days). The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade payables approximates to fair value. The Group finances the purchases of new car inventory through the use of consignment funding facilities provided by its manufacturer partners and which are shown above as Obligations relating to consignment stock. Vehicles are physically supplied by the manufacturers with payment deferred until the earlier of the registration of the vehicle or the end of the consignment period, generally 180 days. In certain circumstances, consignment periods can be extended with the agreement of the manufacturer. The consignment funding facilities attract interest at a commercial rate. The Group utilises vehicle stocking loans to assist with the purchase of certain used car inventory. Facilities are available from both its manufacturer partners and a third-party finance provider and are generally available for a period of 90 days from the date of purchase. These vehicle stocking loans attract interest at a commercial rate. Interest charges on consignment stocking loans and vehicle stocking loans described above for the year ended 31 March 2022 were £581,000 (2021: £681,000). The obligations relating to consignment stock are all subject to retention of title clauses for the vehicles to which they relate. Obligations for used and demonstrator cars which have been funded are secured on the vehicles to which they relate and are shown above as vehicle stocking loans. From a risk perspective, the Company’s funding is split between manufacturers through their related finance arms and that funded by the Company through bank borrowings. The Company deferred payments of VAT of £440,000 under the covid-19 payment deferral scheme operated by HMRC. This VAT was to be settled by eleven equal monthly instalments, with payments having commenced in April 2021. At 31 March 2022, all amounts had been settled (2021: £400,000 outstanding and included in within Social security and other taxes). The movements in deferred income in the year were as follows: At 1 April 2021 Utilisation of deferred income in the year Income received and deferred in the year At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 614 (1,401) 1,319 532 2021 £’000 592 (1,136) 1,158 614 Management are satisfied in respect of the brought forward deferred income for both the current and prior years, that the amount of deferred income not recognised as revenue in the year is not material. 71 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials20. Interest-bearing loans and borrowings Group and Company Current liabilities: Secured bank loans and overdrafts Non-current liabilities: Secured bank loans At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 1,875 3,875 11,312 13,187 12,187 16,062 Note 21 sets out the maturity profile of non-current liabilities. The directors estimate that there is no material difference between the fair value of the Company’s borrowings and their book value. The loan and overdraft facilities provided to the Company of £20.7 million (2021: £26.1 million) are secured by a general debenture and fixed charges over certain freehold properties. 21. Financial instruments The Group utilises financial instruments such as bank loans and overdrafts and new and used vehicle stocking loans to finance its operations and to manage the interest rate and liquidity risks that arise from those operations and from its sources of finance. The disclosures below apply to the Group and the Company unless otherwise noted. Group and Company Fair value of financial assets and liabilities: Primary financial instruments held or issued to finance operations Classification 2022 carrying value & fair value £’000 2021 carrying value & fair value £’000 Long-term bank borrowings (note 20) Financial liability measured at amortised cost (11,312) (12,187) Bank revolving-credit facility (note 20) Financial liability measured at amortised cost Other short-term bank borrowings (note 20) Financial liability measured at amortised cost Trade and other payables (note 19) Financial liability measured at amortised cost Lease liabilities (note 22) Trade and other receivables (note 18) Financial asset at amortised cost Cash and cash equivalents Financial asset at amortised cost Preference share capital (note 25) Financial liability measured at amortised cost (1,000) (875) (28,140) (1,930) 5,264 2,759 (812) (3,000) (875) (37,551) (1,278) 5,072 5,735 (812) The amounted noted in the above table are the same for the Company apart from: Trade and other payables (note 19) Financial liability measured at amortised cost (28,390) (37,801) Financial risk management The Group is exposed to the following risks from its use of financial instruments: a. Funding and liquidity risk – the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its obligations as they fall due; b. Credit risk – the risk of financial loss to the Group on the failure of a customer or counterparty to meet their obligations as they fall due; and c. Market risk – the risk that changes in market prices, such as interest rates, have on the Group’s financial performance. The Group manages credit and liquidity risk by particularly focusing on working capital management. The Group’s quantitative exposure to these risks is explained throughout these financial statements while the Group’s objectives and management of these risks is set out below. 72 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Capital management The Group views its financial capital resources as primarily comprising share capital, bank loans and overdrafts, vehicle stocking credit lines and operating cash flow. The board’s policy is to maintain a strong capital base to facilitate market confidence and safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern while maximising the return on capital to the Group’s shareholders. The Group monitors its capital through closely scrutinising and reviewing its cash flows. The capital of the Group is £34.7 million (2021: £27.6 million) and comprises share capital, share premium, retained earnings and other reserve accounts: the capital redemption reserve, the non-distributable reserve and the other reserve. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the level of dividends paid to the holders of Ordinary shares, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt. The Group’s ratio of net bank loans and overdrafts to equity was 30% at 31 March 2022 (2021: 37%). Capital requirements imposed externally by HSBC are that borrowings should not exceed 70% of the current open-market value for existing use of the Group’s freehold properties which are subject to a fixed charge. The underlying pre-tax return as a proportion of equity for the year was 13.2% (2021: 6.8%). The Company has occasionally repurchased its own shares in the market and cancelled them to promote growth in earnings per share. There is no predetermined plan for doing this, although the Company has permission from its shareholders to buy back up to 15% of its equity in any one financial year. The Company may also purchase its own shares to satisfy share incentives issued to employees and these shares are then held as treasury shares. Treasury policy and procedures The Company’s activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in interest rates. There are no fixed rate borrowings other than preference shares. Funding and liquidity risk management The Group finances its operations through a mixture of retained profits and borrowings from bank, vehicle stocking credit lines and operating cash flow. The Group’s policy is to maintain a balance between committed and uncommitted facilities and between term loans and overdrafts. Facilities are maintained at levels in excess of planned requirements and at 31 March 2022 the Group had undrawn floating rate borrowing facilities of £10.3 million (2021: £15.7 million) represented by overdrafts and revolving credit facilities which would be repayable on demand, in respect of which all conditions precedent had been met. The Group is not directly exposed to foreign currency risk. Interest rate management The objective of the Group’s interest rate policy is to minimise interest costs while protecting the Group from adverse movements in interest rates. Borrowings at variable rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk whereas borrowings at fixed rates expose the Group to fair value interest rate risk. The Group does not currently hedge any interest rate risk. Interest rate risk sensitivity analysis As all of the Group’s borrowings and vehicle stocking credit lines are floating rate instruments, they therefore have a sensitivity to changes in market rates of interest. The effect of a change of 100 basis points in interest rates for floating rate instruments outstanding at the period end, on the assumption that the instruments at the period end were outstanding for the entire period, would change interest charges by £178,000 (2021: £154,000) before tax relief. Credit risk management The Group’s receivables are all denominated in sterling. The Group is exposed to credit risk primarily in respect of its trade receivables and financial assets. Trade receivables are stated net of provision for estimated impairment losses. Exposure to credit risk in respect of trade receivables is mitigated by the Group’s policy of only granting credit to certain customers after an appropriate evaluation of their credit risk. Credit risk also arises in respect of amounts due from manufacturers in relation to bonuses and warranty receivables. This risk is mitigated by the range of manufacturers dealt with, the Group’s procedures in effecting timely collection of amounts due, and management’s belief that it does not expect any manufacturer to fail to meet its obligations. Finance assets comprise cash balances. The counterparties are major banks and management do not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of the financial asset in the Statement of Financial Position. These objectives, policies and strategies are consistent with those applied in the previous year. 73 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials21. Financial instruments continued Group and Company Bank balances and cash equivalents The net bank borrowings of the Company at 31 March 2022 were £10.4 million (2021: £10.3 million). Interest-bearing overdrafts and loans due within one year Interest-bearing bank loans due after more than one year Less: Cash and cash equivalents At 31 March 2022 2022 carrying value & fair value £’000 2,759 2021 carrying value & fair value £’000 5,735 2022 £’000 1,875 11,312 (2,759) 10,428 2021 £’000 3,875 12,187 (5,735) 10,327 All borrowings are denominated in sterling. The effective interest rates for all borrowings are based on bank base rates. Information regarding classification of balances and interest and the range of interest rates applied in the year to 31 March 2022 are set out in the following table: Current: within one year or on demand Revolving-credit facility Term loan Term loan Trade and other payables Not repayable within one year Term loan Term loan Revolving-credit facility Preference share capital Carrying value & fair value Classification Interest classification Interest rate range 1,000 Amortised cost 500 375 Amortised cost Amortised cost 28,140 Amortised cost Floating Floating Floating – Base rate + 2.50% VBBR* + 1.75% SONIA** + 2.75% – Carrying value & fair value Classification Interest classification Interest rate range 5,812 500 5,000 812 Amortised cost Amortised cost Amortised cost Amortised cost Floating Floating Floating Fixed SONIA** + 2.75% VBBR * + 1.75% SONIA** + 2.75% – * Volkswagen Bank Base Rate, a base rate calculated by Volkswagen Bank United Kingdom Branch. ** Sterling Overnight Index Average. The maturity of non-current borrowings is as follows: Group and Company Between one and two years Between two and five years Over five years At 31 March 2022 74 2022 £’000 1,167 11,031 1,636 13,834 2021 £’000 12,207 915 1,260 14,382 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Maturities include lease liabilities and amounts drawn under revolving credit facilities. The maturities of lease liabilities represent the undiscounted future repayments on those leases. The Company’s revolving credit facility can continue to be drawn in whole or part at any time under a facility which will continue until April 2026. The maturities of the revolving credit facility represent the final payment dates for those drawn facilities as at 31 March 2023. If the amounts drawn at the year-end were redrawn at the Group’s usual practice of three-monthly drawings, the total cash outflows, assuming interest rates remain at the same rates as at year-end, are estimated on an undiscounted basis as follows: Group and Company Within six months Six – twelve months More than twelve months Contractual cash flows 2022 £’000 359 359 6,093 6,811 2021 £’000 320 320 6,187 6,827 The Group has a term loan with HSBC, first entered into in March 2018, originally of £7.5 million, at a rate of interest of 2.75% above SONIA. The loan has a current four-year term to next expire in April 2026, and is repayable over 20 years. The balance outstanding on this term loan at 31 March 2022 was £6.2 million (2021: £6.6 million) with capital repayments in the year of £0.38 million. HSBC also make available to the Group a revolving-credit facility of £6.0 million at a rate of interest of 2.75% above SONIA. This facility has a four-year term and expires in April 2026. The balance drawn as at 31 March 2022 was £5.0 million (2021: £5.0 million). These facilities are subject to covenants which are tested quarterly with respect to debt/freehold property values and interest cover and borrowing levels which were all passed at 31 March 2022. The failure of a covenant test would render these facilities repayable on demand at the option of the lender. The Group also has a bank term loan from Volkswagen Bank United Kingdom Branch, which carries a rate of interest of 1.75% above VBBR. The loan is repayable over its ten-year term which expires in March 2024. No reduction in term loan or revolving-credit facilities is expected to apply consequent to the trading results for the year ended 31 March 2022. The Group also had £7.5 million of combined annual overdraft and revolving credit facilities (2021: £10.5 million) from HSBC and Volkswagen Bank United Kingdom Branch and these facilities are next due for renewal in August 2022. The directors have every expectation that these facilities will be renewed based on the current discussions with the relevant banks. These facilities carry interest rates of 2.5% above UK bank base rate and 2.64% above VBBR, respectively. The Group has granted security to HSBC and Volkswagen Bank United Kingdom Branch by way of a general debenture over its assets and a fixed charge over certain freehold property. The total value of those assets at 31 March 2022 in the Statement of Financial Position was £64.2 million (2021: £69.3 million). The Group has also granted security to its defined benefit pension scheme by way of fixed charge over certain freehold properties. This charge ranks in priority behind those charges granted to HSBC and Volkswagen Bank United Kingdom Branch. The ongoing costs associated with the bank facilities are included in finance expense (see note 6). The preference shares in issue do not have a maturity date as they are non-redeemable. 22. Lease liabilities Group and Company Deemed liability At 1 April 2021 Additions in the year Interest charge for the year Lease payments At 31 March 2022 Due in less than one year Due after more than one year At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 1,278 1,142 49 (539) 1,930 496 1,434 1,930 2021 £’000 1,853 — 29 (604) 1,278 495 783 1,278 75 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials23. Retirement benefit scheme Group and Company Description of scheme The Company operates a pension scheme, the Caffyns Pensions Scheme (“CPS”), providing benefits based on final pensionable pay until 31 March 2006. With effect from 1 April 2006, the Scheme closed to new entrants and all members in the final salary section were transferred to the career average section for future service and certain benefits were reduced. Depending on the proportion of pensionable pay purchased, the Company contribution rates varied between 4% and 15%. With effect from 1 April 2010, the Scheme closed to future accrual with all members transferred to a defined contribution scheme for their future service. As part of the 2014 funding valuation, it was agreed that the inflation measure used to set in-deferment and in-payment increases for pensions in excess of guaranteed minimum pensions would change from the Retail Prices Index to the Consumer Prices Index for members (or dependents of members) who were in service on or after 1 April 1991. The Trustees are responsible for the operation and governance of the Scheme, including making decisions regarding the Scheme’s funding and investment strategy, in conjunction with the Company. The assets of the Caffyns Pensions Scheme, administered by Capita Employee Solutions, are held separately from those of the Company, being held in separate funds by the trustees of the Caffyns Pensions Scheme. The Scheme rules do not impose a restriction on the level of Scheme asset that may be reported under IAS 19. The Scheme has been registered with the Pensions Regulator and is subject to the scheme-specific funding requirements as outlined in UK legislation. The liabilities are determined by a qualified actuary based on triennial valuations using the projected unit method. The most recent completed valuation was at 31 March 2020. Description of expected cash flows to and from the Scheme As part of the 31 March 2020 funding valuation, the Trustees and the Company agreed a recovery plan with a view to eliminating the scheme-specific funding shortfall by 30 June 2031. Over the year to 31 March 2022, the Company contributed £1,781,000 (2021: £527,000) to fund the existing deficit, of which £781,000 (2021: £502,000) was in relation to deficit-reduction contributions and £1,000,000 was a one-off contribution. Over the year to 31 March 2023, the Company expects to contribute £767,000 in relation to deficit-reduction contributions. In addition, the Company will continue to make contributions towards risk benefits and to meet the administrative expenses of the Scheme and its Pension Protection Fund levies. The liabilities of the Scheme are based on the current value of expected benefit payment cash flows to members of the Scheme over the next 70 to 80 years. The average duration of the liabilities is approximately 15 years. Expected benefit payments in the year to 31 March 2023 are £3,817,000. Risks to the Scheme The ultimate cost of the Scheme to the Company will depend upon actual future events rather than the assumptions made. Many of the assumptions made are unlikely to be borne out in practice and as such the cost of the Scheme may be higher, or lower, than disclosed. In general, the risk to the Company is that assumptions underlying the disclosures, or the calculation of contribution requirements, are not borne out in practice and the cost to the Company is higher than expected. More specifically, the Scheme exposes the Company to actuarial risks such as: • • Interest rate risk – the present value of the defined benefit liability is calculated using a discount rate determined by reference to market yields of corporate bonds whereas the Scheme holds a mixture of investments. A decrease in market yield on high quality corporate bonds will increase the Company’s defined benefit liability, although it is expected that this would be offset partially by an increase in the fair value of certain of the Scheme’s assets; Investment risk – the Scheme’s assets at 31 March 2022 are invested by an appointed fiduciary management company, SEI Investments (Europe). The investment in various types of asset funds is intended to reduce risk while maintaining planned returns; • Longevity risk – the Company is required to provide benefits for life for the members of the Caffyns Pensions Scheme. Increases in life expectancy of the members will increase the defined benefit liability; • Inflation risk – a significant proportion of the defined benefit liability is linked to inflation. An increase in the inflation rate will increase the Company’s liability. A portion of the Scheme’s assets are inflation-linked debt securities, which would mitigate some of the effect of inflation. The Company has applied IAS 19 Employee Benefits (Revised) to this scheme and the following disclosures relate to this Standard. The Company recognises any remeasurement (actuarial gains and losses) in each period in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. 76 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Results of most recent actuarial valuation The assumptions which have the most significant effect on the results of the valuation are those relating to rates of mortality, the discount rate used to reflect the present value of scheme liabilities, and the rate of inflation. As at the year-end, the last available actuarial valuation, as at 31 March 2020, showed that the market value of the assets of the Caffyns Pensions Scheme were £80.8 million and that the actuarial value of those assets represented 79% of the value of the benefits that had accrued to employees at that date. The deficit arising at 31 March 2020 of £21.9 million compared to a deficit of £9.4 million under IAS 19 and was due to different assumptions being adopted for the triennial valuation. The payments agreed with the trustees of the Caffyns Pensions Scheme under the recovery plan were for deficit-reduction cash payments to be made in the year ended 31 March 2022 of £750,000 with payments increasing from 1 April 2022 by 2.25% per annum. In addition, from the year ended 31 March 2022 until the end of the present recovery plan, the monetary excess of any Ordinary dividends paid to shareholders in excess of 22½ pence will be matched by a further equal contribution into the Scheme. The costs and liabilities of the Caffyns Pensions Scheme are based on actuarial valuations. At the year-end, the latest available full actuarial valuation, carried out at 31 March 2020, was updated to 31 March 2022 by Willis Towers Watson, independent qualified actuaries, for the requirements of IAS 19. Details of the actuarial assumptions are as follows: Mortality tables used: females Mortality tables used: males Future improvements in mortality Discount rate Inflation (CPI) Pension increase for in-payment benefits (CPI max 5%) 2022 2021 97% of SAPS series 2 97% of SAPS series 2 100% of SAPS series 2 100% of SAPS series 2 CMI2021 + 1.25% CMI2020 + 1.25% 2.65% 3.80% 3.20% 1.95% 2.75% 2.70% The discount rate adopted is based upon the yields of high-quality corporate bonds of appropriate duration. The sensitivities regarding the principal assumptions used to measure scheme liabilities are set out below: Assumption Discount rate Pension increases Mortality Change in assumption Increase/decrease by 0.1% Increase/decrease by 0.1% Increase/decrease by 0.1% Impact on scheme liabilities +/- £1.4 million +/- £0.9 million +/- £4.6 million The fair value of assets of the Caffyns Pensions Scheme for each class of asset, all of which have a quoted market price in an active market, are as follows: LDI fund Growth fund Equity instruments At 31 March 2022 Market value 2022 £’000 18,862 72,991 870 92,723 2021 £’000 16,896 72,181 469 89,546 A fiduciary manager, SEI Investments (Europe) operates with the objective of improving the performance of the assets of the Caffyns Pensions Scheme. Assets of the Scheme (excluding cash in the trustees’ administrative bank account) at 31 March 2022 were invested 26% (2021: 19%) in LDI funds, 73% (2021: 80%) in return enhancing growth funds and 1% (2021: 1%) in Caffyns plc shares. In accordance with the requirements of IAS 19 Employee Benefits, the expected return on assets is based on the discount rate noted above of 2.65% and not the return on the underlying portfolio of investments. Consequently, the charge to the Income Statement for the year ending 31 March 2023 is expected to be approximately £88,000. Equity instruments include shares in Caffyns plc, which are detailed in note 28. The assumptions used by the actuary are the best estimates based on market conditions chosen from a range of possible actuarial assumptions which, due to the timescales covered, may not necessarily be borne out in practice. 77 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials23. Retirement benefit scheme continued Life expectancy at age 65 (in years): Member currently aged 65 Member currently aged 45 2022 Male 21.6 22.9 2022 Female 23.9 25.4 2021 Male 21.6 22.9 2021 Female 23.8 25.4 A liability for the defined benefit pension scheme deficit is included in the Statement of Financial Position under the heading of non-current liabilities. Analysis of the movement in the net liability for defined benefit obligations recognised in the Statement of Financial Position At 1 April 2021 Expense recognised in the Income Statement Contributions paid by the Company Net remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income At 31 March 2022 Total expense recognised in the Income Statement Interest cost Interest income on Scheme assets Interest – net (see note 7) Current service cost Changes in the present value of the defined benefit pension obligation At 1 April 2021 Service cost Interest cost Actuarial gains - experience Actuarial losses/(gains) – demographic assumptions Actuarial (gains)/losses – financial assumptions Benefits paid At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 (9,434) (189) 1,781 5,045 (2,797) 2022 £’000 1,891 (1,725) 166 23 189 2021 £’000 (9,434) (225) 526 (301) (9,434) 2021 £’000 1,946 (1,744) 202 23 225 2022 £’000 2021 £’000 98,980 90,515 23 1,891 2,670 160 (4,220) (3,984) 95,520 23 1,946 (954) (198) 11,811 (4,163) 98,980 In October 2018, the High Court issued a judgement which required pension schemes to equalise members’ benefits to address the unequal effect of Guaranteed Minimum Pensions between genders. In assessing the present value of the pension liabilities, an allowance for the liabilities to increase by 0.9% continues to be made for the estimated cost of this Guaranteed Minimum Pensions equalisation process. 78 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Movement in the fair value of scheme assets At 1 April 2021 Interest income Actuarial gains – financial assumptions Contributions paid by the Company Benefits paid At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 89,546 1,725 3,655 1,781 (3,984) 92,723 2021 £’000 81,081 1,745 10,357 526 (4,163) 89,546 Reconciliation of the impact of the asset ceiling The Company has reviewed the implications of the guidance provided in IFRIC 14 and has concluded that it is not necessary to make adjustments to the IAS 19 disclosures at 31 March 2022 as any scheme surplus would be available to the Company unconditionally by way of a refund, assuming the gradual settlement of scheme liabilities over time until all members had left the Caffyns Pensions Scheme. 24. Deferred tax Group and Company The following are the major deferred tax assets and liabilities recognised and the movements thereon during the current and prior reporting period. Accelerated tax depreciation £’000 (942) Unrealised capital gains £’000 (1,690) Retirement benefit obligations £’000 1,792 Tax losses £’000 28 1 16 — (925) — 118 — (1,572) — (57) 57 1,792 (925) (1,572) 1,792 (225) 210 — (940) (428) — 216 — (1,784) (39) — (303) (750) 700 (28) — — — — — — — — — Short-term temporary differences £’000 Recoverable ACT £’000 (23) — 4 — (19) (19) 45 — 163 — 189 835 — 301 — 1,136 1,136 — (599) — — 537 Total £’000 — (27) 382 57 412 412 (647) (599) 286 (750) (1,298) At 1 April 2020 Change in tax rates and prior year adjustments Timing differences Recognised in other comprehensive income At 31 March 2021 At 1 April 2021 Change in tax rates and prior year adjustments Utilisation of ACT Timing differences Recognised in other comprehensive income At 31 March 2022 The Finance Act 2021 introduced an increase in the main corporation tax rate to 25% from 1 April 2023. The Company carries a balance of surplus unrelieved advanced corporation tax (“ACT”) which can be utilised to reduce corporation tax payable subject to a restriction of 19% of taxable profits less shadow ACT calculated at 25% of shareholder ordinary dividends. Shadow ACT has no effect on the corporation tax payable itself but any surplus shadow ACT on dividends must be fully absorbed before surplus unrelieved ACT can be utilised. During the year the Shadow ACT was fully utilised allowing a partial utilisation of the ACT, leaving the remaining value of surplus ACT available for utilisation in future periods at 31 March 2022 of £537,000 (2021: £1,136,000). 79 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials24. Deferred tax continued Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and it is considered that this requirement is fulfilled. The offset amounts are as follows: Deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 (2,724) 1,426 (1,298) 2021 £’000 (2,516) 2,928 412 The unrealised capital gains include deferred tax on gains recognised on revaluing the land and buildings in 1995 and where potentially taxable gains arising from the sale of properties have been rolled over into replacement assets. Such tax would become payable only if such properties were sold without it being possible to claim rollover relief. There were no trading losses available for use in future periods (2021: £Nil). 25. Called-up share capital Authorised 500,000 7% Cumulative First Preference shares of £1 each 1,250,000 11% Cumulative Preference shares of £1 each 3,000,000 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares of 10 pence each 4,000,000 Ordinary shares of 50 pence each At 31 March 2022 Allotted, called-up and fully paid 170,732 7% Cumulative First Preference shares of £1 each 441,401 11% Cumulative Preference shares of £1 each 2,000,000 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares of 10 pence each Total preference shares recognised as a financial liability (see note below) 2,879,298 Ordinary shares of 50 pence each At 31 March 2022 2022 £’000 500 1,250 300 2,000 4,050 171 441 200 812 1,439 2,251 2021 £’000 500 1,250 300 2,000 4,050 171 441 200 812 1,439 2,251 At 1 April 2021, the Company held 2,879,298 Ordinary shares with 183,922 shares held in treasury. During the year, 126 of these shares were utilised for options exercised under the 2020 SAYE scheme. Shares held in treasury at 31 March 2022 were 183,796. In the prior year, 586 treasury shares were utilised under the 2017 SAYE scheme. The remaining treasury shares are held to fulfil the requirements of the current, and any future, Company Save As You Earn schemes for eligible employees. The market value of these shares at 31 March 2022 was £1.0 million (2021: £0.6 million). Dividend income from, and voting rights on, the shares held in treasury have been waived. The 7% Cumulative First Preference shares have rights to a fixed dividend and, in the event of a winding-up, a priority to the Ordinary shares for a capital repayment. The shares do not have voting rights. The 11% Cumulative Preference shares have rights to a fixed dividend and, in the event of a winding-up, a priority to the Ordinary shares for a capital repayment. The shares do not have voting rights.J81 The 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares continue to have voting rights (one vote per Second Preference share) except in relation to matters which under the Listing Rules, as amended from time to time, are required to be voted on only by premium-listed securities, being the Ordinary shares. Although the Articles of Association of the Company give the directors discretion to pay the preference dividend only if they consider there are adequate profits, such dividends are cumulative. For this reason, the directors consider that the preference shares have the characteristic of a financial liability rather than equity, and consequently the preference shares are included as a non-current liability. None of the preference shares have rights of conversion or rights to capital repayment. 80 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 202226. Share-based payments Year of grant 2017 2020 Year of grant 2020 Exercise Exercise date price £3.99 September 2020 Number at 1 April 2020 85,372 Issued (586) Cancelled (84,786) Number at 31 March 2021 — £3.06 February 2024 — 101,926 — 101,926 Exercise price £3.06 Exercise date February 2024 Number at 1 April 2021 101,926 Issued Lapsed Number at 31 March 2022 (126) (7,475) 94,325 All grants made under the Company’s Save As You Earn schemes are for periods of three years and vest in Ordinary shares. The market value of the shares at the date of the grant of the 2017 Save As You Earn scheme options was £4.99 and at the date of the grant of the 2020 Save As You Earn scheme options was £3.85. The fair value of the grants made under the SAYE scheme is charged to the Income Statement over the vesting period based on the valuation derived from an adjusted Black-Scholes model. The volatility factor for movements in the Company’s share price used in the valuation model was estimated at 65%. At the exercise date of the 2017 grant, the exercise price was above the current market price of the Company’s Ordinary shares. As a result, only 586 options were exercised with the remaining options lapsing. The total expense included within operating profit relating to share-based payments for the year was £53,000 (2021: £37,000), with an associated tax credit to the Income Statement and Equity of £10,000 (2021: £7,000). 27. Notes to the cash flow statement Group and Company Profit before tax for the year Adjustments for net finance expense Adjustments for: Depreciation of property, plant and equipment, investment properties and right-of-use assets Impairment against investment properties Cash payments into the defined-benefit pension scheme Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment Share-based payments Operating cash flows before movements in working capital Decrease in inventories Increase in receivables (Decrease)/increase in payables Cash generated by operations Tax paid, net of refunds Interest paid Net cash derived from operating activities 2022 £’000 4,385 1,282 5,667 2,022 — (1,781) — 53 5,961 9,016 (94) (9,911) 4,972 (503) (1,079) 3,390 All interest payments are treated as operating cash movements as they arise from movements in working capital. 2021 £’000 1,424 1,468 2,892 1,982 184 (526) 3 37 4,572 3,484 (754) 697 7,999 (31) (1,244) 6,724 81 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials27. Notes to the cash flow statement continued Reconciliation of debt Bank loans £’000 8,719 (657) 8,062 875 7,187 8,062 8,062 (875) — 7,187 875 6,312 7,187 Revolving credit facilities £’000 9,000 (1,000) 8,000 3,000 5,000 8,000 8,000 (2,000) — 6,000 1,000 5,000 6,000 Lease liabilities £’000 1,853 Preference shares £’000 812 Liabilities arising from financing activities £’000 20,384 Bank and cash balances £’000 (1,478) (575) 1,278 495 783 1,278 1,278 (539) 1,191 1,930 495 1,435 1,930 — 812 — 812 812 812 — — 812 — 812 812 (2,232) 18,152 4,370 13,782 18,152 18,152 (3,414) 1,191 15,929 2,370 13,559 15,929 (4,257) (5,735) (5,735) — (5,735) (5,735) 2,976 — (2,759) (2,759) — (2,759) Net debt £’000 18,906 (6,489) 12,417 (1,365) 13,782 12,417 12,417 (438) 1,191 13,170 (389) 13,559 13,170 Group and Company: At 1 April 2020 Cash movement At 31 March 2021 Current liabilities Non-current liabilities At 31 March 2021 At 1 April 2021 Cash movement Non-cash movement At 31 March 2022 Current liabilities Non-current liabilities At 31 March 2022 Non-cash movements in lease liabilities relate to the reassessment of the expected duration of one existing lease and one new lease that was entered into during the year. 28. Related parties The remuneration of directors, who are key management personnel, is set out in note 5 for each of the categories specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures. Further information about the remuneration of individual directors is provided in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 30 to 34. The 2,000,000 6% Cumulative Second Preference shares have full voting rights along with the Ordinary shares, except in relation to matters which under the Listing Rules, as amended from time to time, are required to be voted on only by premium-listed securities, being the Ordinary shares. These Cumulative Second Preference shares are beneficially owned by Caffyn Family Holdings Limited (“Holdings”). Mr S G M Caffyn and Ms S J Caffyn are directors of Holdings. The whole of the issued share capital of Holdings is held by close relatives of those directors. Holdings controls directly 42.6% (2021: 42.6%) of the voting rights of Caffyns plc. The directors and shareholders of Holdings are also beneficial holders of 542,481 (2021: 535,481) Ordinary shares in Caffyns plc representing a further 11.6% (2021: 11.4%) of the voting rights. It is therefore considered that the Caffyn family is the ultimate controlling party. As required under the Stock Exchange Listing Rules, the Company entered into a Relationship Agreement with Holdings on 6 November 2014 whereby Holdings undertakes to the Company that it shall exercise its voting rights and shall exercise all its powers to ensure, so far as it is properly able to do so, that its associates shall exercise their respective voting rights and exercise all their respective powers to ensure, to the extent that they are able by the exercise of such rights to procure, that: a. transactions and arrangements between any member of the Company and Holdings (and/or any of its associates) will be conducted at arm’s length and on normal commercial terms; b. neither Holdings nor any of its associates will take any action that would have the effect of preventing the Company from complying with its obligations under the Listing Rules; and c. neither Holdings nor any of its associates will propose or procure the proposal of a shareholder resolution which is intended or appears to be intended to circumvent the proper application of the Listing Rules. Directors of the Company and their immediate relatives control 14.3% (2021: 14.0%) of the issued Ordinary share capital of the Company. Dividends of £11,000 were paid to directors in the year (2021: £Nil). 82 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Caffyns Pension Scheme Details of contributions are disclosed in note 23. The Caffyns Pension Scheme held the following investments in the Company: Shares held: 125,570 (2021: 125,570) Ordinary shares of 50 pence each 12,862 (2021: 12,862) 11% Cumulative Preference shares of £1 each At 31 March 2022 Fair value 2022 £’000 691 20 711 2021 £’000 439 20 459 During the year to 31 March 2022, the Company paid management fees of £338,000 (2021: £410,000) on behalf of the Caffyns Pension Scheme. These costs comprised the Pension Protection Fund levy, actuarial advisory fees and external administration fees. 29. Leases as a lessor The Group’s interest in leases At 31 March 2022, the Company had an interest in a single lease. The total future minimum lease receipts payable are: Group and Company Within one year In two to three years In three to four years In four to five years Beyond five years The finance income on the net investment in the lease was £12,000 (2021: £7,000). Group and Company Gross undiscounted cash flows Unearned finance income Net investment in lease 2022 £’000 185 185 185 78 — 633 2022 £’000 633 (76) 557 2021 £’000 185 185 185 185 78 818 2021 £’000 818 (88) 730 The Group as lessor – operating leases The Company’s gross property rental income earned during the year from the direct lease of three (2021: three) investment properties owned by the Group was £336,000 (2021: £710,000). No contingent rents were recognised in income (2021: £Nil). At 31 March 2022, there were contracts for land and buildings with tenants for the following lease rentals receivable: Group and Company Within one year In two to three years In three to four years In four to five years Beyond five years 2022 £’000 265 251 238 209 1,361 2,324 2021 £’000 311 237 237 209 1,570 2,564 83 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancials30. Capital commitments Neither the Group nor the Company had any capital commitments at 31 March 2022 (2021: £Nil). 31. Legal contingent liability Since 2015, the Company has been named as co-defendant in a number of legal actions that have been initiated against certain of the vehicle manufacturers which it represents. These actions contend that customers have been unfairly treated as a result of their vehicles having been fitted with software which is suggested by the claimant law firms to have operated such that when the vehicles were experiencing test conditions, the emission levels of nitrogen oxides (“NOx”) were affected. The vehicles remain safe and roadworthy. These claims on behalf of multiple claimants, arising out of or in relation to their purchase or acquisition on finance of a vehicle affected by the NOx issue, have been brought against a number of Jaguar Land Rover, Vauxhall, Volkswagen Audi, SEAT and Skoda group entities and dealers, including the Company. The Company has been named as a defendant on a number of claim forms alleging fraudulent misrepresentation, breach of contract, breach of statutory duty, breach of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 and a breach of the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008, although not all of these causes of action are being brought against the Company specifically. In all cases brought to date, the relevant vehicle manufacturers listed above have agreed to indemnify the Company for the reasonable legal costs of defending the litigation and any damages and adverse legal costs that Caffyns may be liable to pay to the claimants as a result of these legal actions. The possibility, therefore, of an economic cost to the Company resulting from the defence of these legal actions is remote. At present, no timetable can be determined for the resolution of these cases and the relevant issues of liability, loss and causation have not yet been decided. It is therefore too early to assess reliably the merit of any claim and so we cannot confirm that any future outflow of resources is probable. Accordingly, no provision for liability has been made in these financial statements. 32. Critical accounting judgements and estimates when applying the Company’s accounting policies Judgements and estimates are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Certain critical accounting estimates in applying the Company’s accounting policies are listed below. Retirement benefit obligation The Company has a defined benefit pension scheme. The obligations under this scheme are recognised in the balance sheet and represent the present value of the obligation calculated by independent actuaries, with input from management. These actuarial valuations include assumptions such as discount rates, return on assets and mortality rates. These assumptions vary from time to time depending on prevailing economic conditions. Details of the assumptions used are provided in note 23. At 31 March 2022, the net liability included in the Statement of Financial Position was £2.8 million (2021: £9.4 million). Impairment The carrying value of property, plant and equipment and goodwill are tested annually for impairment as described in notes 11, 12, 13 and 15. For the purposes of the annual impairment testing, the directors recognise Cash Generating Units (CGUs) to be those assets attributable to an individual dealership, which represents the smallest group of assets which generate cash inflows that are independent from other assets or CGUs. The recoverable amount of each CGU is based on the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. The fair value less costs to sell of each CGU is based upon the market value of any property contained within it and is determined by an independent valuer, and its value in use is determined through discounting future cash inflows (as described in detail in note 15). As a result of this review, the directors considered that no impairments were required to the carrying value of its property assets (2021: £184,000 to a single property asset) (see notes 11, 12, 13 and 15). 84 Notes to the Financial Statements continuedfor the year ended 31 March 2022Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Surplus ACT recoverable The Company carries a balance of surplus unrelieved advanced corporation tax (“ACT”) which can be utilised to reduce corporation tax payable subject to a restriction to 19% of taxable profits less shadow ACT calculated at 25% of dividends. Uncertainty arises due to the estimation of future levels of profitability, levels of dividends payable and the reversal of deferred tax liabilities in respect of accelerated capital allowances and on unrealised capital gains. For example, a reduction in the Company’s profitability could result in a delay in the utilisation of surplus unrelieved ACT. However, based on the Company’s current projections, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the surplus ACT will be fully relieved against future corporation tax liabilities by 31 March 2024. Support arrangements On occasion, the Company can be assisted in the relocation, development and support of certain of its businesses. On receipt of these payments the Company forms a judgement whether the payment is capital in nature, in which case the payment is deducted from the capital cost of the development in question, or revenue in nature, in which case the payment is amortised over a two-year period from the date or relocation. In November 2018, the Company received a contribution of £255,000 from a brand partner towards the cost of developing its Angmering dealership. The contribution agreement was not specific as to whether the amount contributed was in respect of the capital expenditure incurred by the Company, or in respect of other operating activities (such as marketing) that the Company was required to undertake as part of the relocation. Consequently, the directors needed to apply judgement in determining the appropriate accounting treatment. Having considered all information available, including the contribution agreement and past correspondence with the brand partner, the directors determined it appropriate to account for the contribution as capital in nature, and deducted the amount received from the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment assets associated with the Angmering dealership. The directors considered an alternative treatment, including recognising the amount received over the rolling two-year term of the franchise agreement. This would have resulted in an increase in profit of £96,000 during the year ended 31 March 2019 and an increase in net assets of the same amount as at 31 March 2019, with the remaining £159,000 standing to be recognised over the remaining contractual period as follows: year ended 31 March 2020: £127,500, year ending 31 March 2021: £31,500. In December 2019, the Company separately received a contribution of £225,000 from a brand partner as support for establishing a new franchise business. In the judgement of the directors, and having considered all information available, the directors determined it appropriate to account for the contribution as revenue in nature, with the support to be allocated on a straight-line basis over the first 24 months of operation of the new business. The launch of the new business was delayed by the covid-19 pandemic with the business unable to commence trading until car showrooms were allowed to re-open in June 2020. As a result, £93,750 of the £225,000 support package was recognised in the Income Statement for the prior year with a further £112,500 being recognised in the Income Statement for the current year. It is expected that the remaining £18,750 will be recognised in the Income Statement for the year ending 31 March 2023. 85 Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukFinancialsOther informationGovernanceOur BusinessFinancialsFive Year Review unaudited Income Statement Revenue Underlying operating profit Finance expense Underlying profit before tax Non-underlying items Profit/(loss) before tax Profit/(loss) after tax Basic earnings/(deficit) per Ordinary share Underlying earnings/(deficit) per Ordinary share Dividend per Ordinary share payable in respect of the year As at year-end Shareholders’ funds Property, plant and equipment* Bank overdrafts and loans (net) Bank overdrafts and loans/shareholders’ funds (gearing) Retirement benefit liability * Represents property, plant and equipment and investment properties 2018 £’000 2019 £’000 2020 £’000 2021 £’000 2022 £’000 215,868 209,246 195,787 165,085 223,928 2,325 (935) 1,390 (225) 1,165 1,030 38.2p 45.6p 22.50p 27,913 46,957 14,000 50% 9,497 2,626 (1,181) 1,445 (1,873) (428) (566) (21.0)p 35.3p 22.50p 1,633 (1,382) 251 (148) 103 (252) (9.4)p (4.9)p 7.50p 27,975 47,394 13,592 49% 8,576 26,380 46,835 16,241 62% 9,434 3,142 (1,266) 1,876 (452) 1,424 1,410 52.4p 66.0p 0.00p 27,586 45,375 10,327 37% 9,434 5,690 (1,116) 4,574 (189) 4,385 2,999 111.3p 117.0p 22.50p 34,731 46,621 10,428 30% 2,797 86 Caffyns plc Annual Report 2022Our dealerships AUDI BRIGHTON: EASTBOURNE: WORTHING: MG ASHFORD: LEVC EASTBOURNE: LOTUS KENT: SUSSEX: SEAT TUNBRIDGE WELLS: SKODA ASHFORD: TUNBRIDGE WELLS: VAUXHALL ASHFORD: VOLKSWAGEN BRIGHTON: EASTBOURNE: HAYWARDS HEATH: WORTHING: VOLVO EASTBOURNE: WORTHING: MOTORSTORE ASHFORD: HEAD OFFICE EASTBOURNE: 200 Dyke Road, Brighton, BN1 5AT (01273 553061) Edward Road, Eastbourne, BN23 8AS (01323 525700) Roundstone Lane, Worthing, BN16 4BD (01903 231111) Monument Way, Orbital Park, Ashford, TN24 0HB (01233 504620) Lottbridge Drove, Eastbourne, BN23 6PJ (01323 418312) Monument Way, Orbital Park, Ashford, TN24 0HB (01233 504630) Brooks Road, Lewes, BN7 2DN (01903 444148) North Farm Industrial Estate, Tunbridge Wells, TN2 3EL (01892 515700) The Boulevard, Ashford, TN24 0GA (01233 504600) North Farm Industrial Estate, Tunbridge Wells, TN2 3EL (01892 515700) Monument Way, Orbital Park, Ashford, TN24 0HB (01233 504604) Victoria Road, Portslade, BN41 1YD (01273 425600) Lottbridge Drove, Eastbourne, BN23 6PW (01323 647141) Market Place, Haywards Heath, RH16 1DB (01444 451511) Nightingale Avenue, Worthing, BN12 6FH (01903 837878) Lottbridge Drove, Eastbourne, BN23 6PJ (01323 418300) Palatine Road, Worthing, BN12 6JH (01903 507124) Monument Way, Orbital Park, Ashford, TN24 0HB (01233 504624) Meads Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7DR (01323 730201) Stock code CFYNwww.caffyns.co.ukOur BusinessFinancialsGovernanceOther information C a f f y n s p l c A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 2 2 Caffyns plc Meads Road Eastbourne East Sussex BN20 7DR www.caffyns.co.uk

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