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Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.
Annual Report 2017

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FY2017 Annual Report · Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.
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CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC

2017 ANNUAL REPORT

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CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC.

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. is primarily engaged in the production, grading, packing and 
sale of fresh shell eggs, including conventional, cage-free, organic and nutritionally-
enhanced eggs. The Company, headquartered in Jackson, Mississippi, is the largest 
producer and distributor of fresh shell eggs in the United States with fiscal 2017 
sales of approximately 1.031 billion dozen shell eggs, representing approximately 20 
percent of domestic shell egg consumption in the United States.

The common shares of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. are traded on the Nasdaq Global Market 
under the symbol CALM.

CAL-MAINE FOODS LOCATIONS

Alabama
Robertsdale

Arkansas
Green Forest
Searcy
Siloam Springs 

Florida
Bushnell
Callahan
Dade City
Dover
Indiantown 
Jacksonville 
Kathleen
Kenansville
Lacoochee

Lake City
Lake Wales
Mascotte
Miami 
Okeechobee
Quincy
Trilby
Wellborn
Zephyrhills

Georgia
Blackshear
Hoboken
Moniac
Patterson
Shady Dale
St. George

Kansas
Chase

Kentucky
Bremen
Guthrie

Louisiana
Hammond
Pine Grove 

Mississippi
Edwards
Jackson 
(Corporate Offices)
Mendenhall

North Carolina
Louisburg

Ohio
Rossburg
Union City

Oklahoma
Watts

South Carolina
Bethune

Tennessee
Clarksville

Texas
Bogata
Boling
Farwell
Flatonia
Harwood
Klesel
Linn
Luling
Pittsburg
Sandy Fork
Waelder
Wharton

Utah
Delta

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CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC

TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS

Our  results  for  fiscal  2017  reflect  the  volatile  and  challenging  egg  market  fundamentals  that  prevailed 
throughout the past year.  While we sold over one billion dozen shell eggs for the fourth consecutive year, 
our sales revenues were affected by the significant year over year drop in market prices.  Net sales for the year 
were $1,074.5 million compared with $1,908.7 million for the prior-year period, as average customer selling 
prices were down 42.0 percent compared with fiscal 2016.

For  fiscal  2017,  the  egg  markets  were  affected  by  increased  production  levels,  as  producers  repopulated 
their flocks after the 2015 avian influenza (AI)-related laying hen losses, and the younger hen population has 
produced a higher number of eggs.  Overall, market demand trends have not kept pace with these increased 
production levels.  According to Nielsen data, retail customer demand for shell eggs has followed the typical 
seasonal cycles, however, relatively weak institutional and export demand have placed additional pressure on 
the egg markets.  During the AI-related price spike, institutional egg customers reformulated their products 
to use fewer eggs, and while egg prices have since come down, these customers have not returned to their 
previous usage levels.  While the USDA reports that egg export demand improved over the course of the year, 
U.S. egg exports are still below the peak levels prior to the AI outbreak.  Together, these factors have created 
an oversupply and market prices remain well below historical averages.  We believe the egg markets will stay 
under cyclical pressure, and we do not expect to see meaningful improvement until there is a more favorable 
balance of supply and demand.

While  market  conditions  have  been  extremely  difficult  for  egg  producers,  we  have  remained  focused  on 
executing our growth strategy and meeting the changing demands of our customers with a favorable product 
mix.  Our specialty egg business was a key driver of our growth strategy over the past year as we continued to 
capitalize on new market opportunities.  Specialty eggs, excluding co-pack sales, accounted for 43.6 percent 
of total shell egg revenues for fiscal 2017, compared with 29.1 percent last year.  For fiscal 2017, specialty egg 
prices were down 12.4 percent compared with fiscal 2016 prices.  

Throughout this past year, we made significant investments across our operations to meet anticipated demand 
for  cage-free  eggs,  as  food  service  providers,  national  restaurant  chains  and  major  retailers,  including  our 
largest customers, have stated objectives to exclusively offer cage-free eggs by various future dates.  While 
we expect the multi-year conversion to cage-free production will present new challenges and higher costs 
for  our  industry,  we  believe  it  also  provides  additional  market  opportunities  for  Cal-Maine  Foods.    We  are 
working with our customers to facilitate a smooth transition to meet this demand.  With the recent low prices 
of conventional eggs and typical seasonal fluctuations, demand trends for cage-free eggs slowed down in the 
fourth fiscal quarter, resulting in a higher supply of specialty eggs.  We have adjusted our production levels to 
meet the demands of our customers who still prefer cage-free eggs, and we are well positioned to serve our 
customers as demand trends change.  In addition to cage-free eggs, our product mix provides a wide variety 
of healthy choices for consumers including conventional, nutritionally-enhanced and organic eggs.  

Another key aspect of our growth strategy is to expand our business through selective acquisitions, and we 
were pleased to make two significant acquisitions in fiscal 2017.  In the second quarter, we acquired the assets of 
Foodonics International, Inc. doing business as Dixie Egg Company in the commercial production, processing, 
distribution and sale of shell eggs with related feed production, milling and distribution facilities located in 
Georgia, Alabama and Florida.  Dixie Egg Company has capacity for approximately 1.6 million laying hens with 

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contract arrangements for an additional 1.5 million laying hens.  In addition, Cal-Maine Foods acquired the 
Egg-Land’s Best, Inc. franchise with licensing rights for portions of certain markets in Alabama, Florida and 
Georgia as well as Puerto Rico, Bahamas and Cuba.  During the third quarter, we completed the acquisition 
of substantially all of the assets of Happy Hen Egg Farms, Inc, comprised of commercial egg production and 
processing  facilities  with  current  capacity  for  approximately  350,000  laying  hens  and  related  distribution 
facilities near Harwood and Wharton, Texas.  Located near our other Texas locations, Happy Hen Egg Farms is 
designed for capacity of up to 1.2 million laying hens, providing additional future expansion opportunities.  

Throughout the past year, our managers across all of Cal-Maine Foods’ locations did an outstanding job in 
running our operations in an effi  cient and responsible manner.  At the same time, we have neared completion 
on various capital improvement projects designed to enhance our future capacity and effi  ciency.  In fi scal 
2017, we were fortunate to benefi t from lower grain costs due to the favorable harvest results last fall.  For the 
year, our feed costs per dozen were down 3.6 percent, while overall farm production costs per dozen were at 
the same level as the prior year, even with higher capital expenditures for conversion and other improvement 
projects.  Looking ahead, we expect to have an adequate supply of our primary feed ingredients in fi scal 
2018, however, grain prices have been volatile over the summer.

We  are  proud  of  our  ability  to  move  the  Company  forward  in  fi scal  2017  amidst  extraordinary  market 
conditions.  We must acknowledge the hard work and dedication of all of our employees who continued 
to  meet  the  demands  of  our  customers  with  exceptional  service.    With  a  capable  and  experienced  team 
throughout  our  operations,  supported  by  the  outstanding  leadership  of  our  executive  management  and 
board of directors, we remain confi dent in our future growth prospects and believe Cal-Maine Foods is well 
positioned to benefi t from a more favorable egg market environment.  

As we look to fi scal 2018, we will continue to execute our growth strategy and operate our business in the 
same manner, regardless of the cycles that characterize our industry.  We will remain focused on managing 
our  operations  effi  ciently and  providing a favorable product mix, including cage-free and  other specialty 
eggs, in line with customer demand.  Importantly, our strong balance sheet provides us with the fl exibility 
to  pursue  strategic  acquisitions  and  additional  growth  opportunities  that  add  value  to  our  operations.  
Together, we believe these eff orts will reward both our customers and shareholders in fi scal 2018.  

Thank you for your support of Cal-Maine Foods.

Sincerely,

Fred Adams, Jr.  
Chairman Emeritus 

Dolph Baker
Chairman of the Board, President and 
Chief Executive Offi  cer

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, DC  20549 

FORM 10-K 

 ⌧ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 
For The Fiscal Year Ended   JUNE 3, 2017 

(cid:133) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

Commission file number:  000-04892 

CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware 
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

64-0500378 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3320 W Woodrow Wilson Ave, Jackson, Mississippi  39209-3409 
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) 

(601) 948-6813 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act: 

Title of each Class: 

Common Stock,  $0.01 par value per share

Name of exchange on which registered: 

The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act:  NONE 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ⌧ No (cid:133) 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes (cid:133) No ⌧ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act 
of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject 
to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ⌧ No (cid:133) 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data 
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or 
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ⌧ No (cid:133) 

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  disclosure  of  delinquent  filers  pursuant  to  Item  405  of  Regulation  S-K  is  not  contained  herein,  and  will  not  be 
contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 
10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ⌧ 

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  large  accelerated  filer,  an  accelerated  filer,  a  non-accelerated  filer,  a  smaller  reporting 
company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, 
and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer ⌧ 
Non-accelerated filer (cid:133) 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) 

Accelerated filer (cid:133)
Smaller reporting company (cid:133) 

Emerging growth company (cid:133) 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for 
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act (cid:133) 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   Yes (cid:133) No ⌧ 

The aggregate market value, as reported by The NASDAQ Global Select Market, of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value, held by 
non-affiliates at November 26, 2016, which was the date of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal 
quarter, was $1,239,719,614. 

As of July 21, 2017, 43,774,052 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value, and 4,800,000 shares of the registrant’s Class A 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 
The information called for by Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference from the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement 
for its 2017 annual meeting of stockholders which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal 
year covered by this report. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Item 

Part I 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 
1. 
1A. 
1B. 
2. 
3. 
4. 

Business 
Risk Factors 
Unresolved Staff Comments 
Properties 
Legal Proceedings 
Mine Safety Disclosures 

Part II 

5. 

6. 

7. 

7A. 
8. 

9. 

9A. 
9B. 

10. 
11. 

12. 

13. 
14. 

Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations 
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial 
Disclosure 
Controls and Procedures 
Other Information 

Part III 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 
Executive Compensation 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters. 
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 
Principal Accounting Fees and Services 

Part IV 

15. 

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 

Signatures 

2 

Page 
Number

3
3
9
15
15
16
18

19

22

23

42
43

73

73
76

76
76

76

76
77

77

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I. 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This report contains numerous forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act 
of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) relating 
to our shell egg business, including estimated production data, expected operating schedules, expected capital costs 
and other operating data, including anticipated results of operations and financial condition.  Such forward-looking 
statements are identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “intends,” “expects,” “hopes,” “may,” “should,” 
“plans,” “projected,” “contemplates,” “anticipates” or similar words.  Actual production, operating schedules, results 
of operations and other projections and estimates could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking 
statements.  The  forward-looking  statements  are  based  on  management’s  current  intent,  belief,  expectations, 
estimates and projections regarding our company and our industry.  These statements are not guarantees of future 
performance and involve risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that are difficult to predict and might be 
beyond  our  control.  The  factors  that  could  cause  actual  results  to  differ  materially  from  those  projected  in  the 
forward-looking statements include, among others, (i) the risk factors set forth in Item 1A and elsewhere in this report 
as well as those included in other reports we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
(the “SEC”) (including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K), (ii) the risks and 
hazards inherent in the shell egg business (including disease, such as avian influenza, pests, weather conditions and 
potential for recall), (iii) changes in the demand for and market prices of shell eggs and feed costs, (iv) our ability to 
predict and meet demand for cage-free and other specialty eggs, (v) risks, changes or obligations that could result 
from our future acquisition of new flocks or businesses, and (vi) adverse results in pending litigation matters.  Readers 
are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because, while we believe the assumptions 
on which the forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, there can be no assurance these forward-looking 
statements will prove to be accurate.  Further, the forward-looking statements included herein are only made as of the 
respective dates thereof, or if no date is stated, as of the date hereof.  Except as otherwise required by law, we disclaim 
any intent or obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, 
future events or otherwise. 

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS 

Our Business 

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is the largest producer and marketer of shell eggs in 
the  United  States.  In  fiscal  2017,  we  sold  approximately  1,031.1  million  dozen  shell  eggs,  which  we  believe 
represented approximately 20% of domestic shell egg consumption. Our total flock of approximately 36.1 million 
layers and 9.5 million pullets and breeders is the largest in the U.S.  Layers are mature female chickens, pullets are 
female chickens usually under 18 weeks of age, and breeders are male and female chickens used to produce fertile 
eggs to be hatched for egg production flocks. 

The Company has one operating segment, which is the production, grading, packaging, marketing and distribution of 
shell eggs.  The majority of our customers rely on us to provide most of their shell egg needs, including specialty and 
non-specialty eggs. Specialty eggs represent a broad range of products.  We classify nutritionally enhanced, cage free, 
organic and brown eggs as specialty products for accounting and reporting purposes. We classify all other shell eggs 
as non-specialty products.  While we report separate sales information for these egg types, there are many cost factors 
which are not specifically available for non-specialty or specialty eggs due to the nature of egg production. We manage 
our operations and allocate resources to these types of eggs on a consolidated basis based on the demands of our 
customers. 

We sell most of our shell eggs in the southwestern, southeastern, mid-western and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. 
through our extensive distribution network to a diverse group of customers, including national and regional grocery 
store  chains,  club  stores,  foodservice  distributors  and  egg  product  consumers.  Some  of  our  sales  are  completed 
through  co-pack  agreements  –  a  common  practice  in  the  industry  whereby  production  and  processing  of  certain 
products is outsourced to another producer.  The strength of our position is evidenced by having the largest market 
share in the grocery segment for shell eggs.   We sell shell eggs to a majority of large U.S. food retailers. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We are one of the largest producers and marketers of value-added specialty shell eggs in the U.S. They have been a 
significant and growing segment of the market in recent years.  A significant number of our food service customers, 
large restaurant chains, and major retailers, including our largest customers, have committed to exclusive offerings 
of  cage-free  eggs  by  specified  future  dates. We  are  working  with  our  customers  to  ensure a   smooth  transition  in 
meeting  their  goals.  Our  focus  for  future  expansion  at  our  farms  will  be  environments  that  are  cage-free  or  with 
equipment that can easily be converted to cage-free, based on a timeline to meet our customer’s needs. 

In fiscal 2017, specialty shell eggs and co-pack specialty shell eggs represented 43.6% and 3.1% of our shell egg 
sales  dollars,  respectively,  and  accounted  for  approximately  22.9%  and  1.6%,  respectively,  of  our  total  shell  egg 
volumes. In fiscal 2016, specialty shell eggs and co-pack specialty shell eggs represented 29.1% and 2.7% of our 
shell egg sales dollars, respectively, and accounted for approximately 22.9% and 2.0%, respectively, of our total shell 
egg volumes.  Prices for specialty eggs are less volatile than non-specialty shell egg prices and are generally higher 
due to consumer willingness to pay for the perceived increased benefits from those products. We market our specialty 
shell eggs under the following brands: Egg-Land’s Best®, Land O’ Lakes®, Farmhouse®, and 4-Grain®.   We are a 
member of the Egg-Land’s Best, Inc. (“EB”) cooperative and produce, market and distribute Egg-Land’s Best® and 
Land O’ Lakes®  branded eggs, along with our associated joint ventures, under exclusive license agreements for a 
number of states in the southeast, south central, and southwest U.S. as well as the New York City area.  We market 
cage-free eggs under our trademarked Farmhouse® brand and distribute them across the southeast and southwest 
regions of the U.S.  We market organic, cage-free, vegetarian, and omega-3 eggs under our 4-Grain® brand. We also 
produce, market, and distribute private label specialty shell eggs to several customers. 

We are a leader in industry consolidation. Since 1989, we have completed twenty acquisitions ranging in size from 
600,000 layers to 7.5 million layers.  Despite a market that has been characterized by increasing consolidation, the 
shell egg production industry remains highly fragmented. At December 31, 2016, 56 producers, owning at least one 
million layers, owned approximately 97% of total industry layers.  The ten largest producers owned approximately 
58%  of  total  industry  layers.  We  believe  industry  consolidation  will  continue  and  we  plan  to  capitalize  on 
opportunities as they arise. 

Industry Background 

Based  on  historical  consumption  trends,  we  believe  general  demand  for  shell  eggs  increases  in  line  with  overall 
population  growth,  averaging  growth  of  about  1%  per  year.  In 2013  and  2014,  consumption  of  eggs  grew 
approximately 2% per year.  In 2015, egg consumption decreased approximately 4% over the prior year primarily due 
to a shortage of eggs resulting from an outbreak of avian influenza ("AI") in the spring of that year.  According to 
U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), annual per capita U.S. consumption since 2000 varied between 249 and 
275 eggs. In calendar year 2016, per capita U.S. consumption was estimated to be 275 eggs, or approximately five 
eggs per person per week.  Per capita consumption is determined by dividing the total supply of eggs by the entire 
population in the U.S. (i.e. all eggs supplied domestically by the egg industry are consumed).   

Slightly over 30% of eggs produced in the U.S. are sold as egg products (shell eggs broken and sold in liquid, frozen, 
or dried form) to institutions (e.g. companies producing baked goods) with most of the balance sold to food service 
and retail consumers (e.g. through grocery and convenience stores) and a relatively small amount exported.  Our sales 
are predominately to retail consumers; in fiscal 2017 and 2016, approximately 2% and 4% of our net sales was egg 
products, respectively. 

4 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prices for Shell Eggs 

Shell egg prices are a critical component of profitability for the Company and the industry as a whole.  While there 
are many pricing mechanisms, we believe the majority of shell eggs sold in the U.S. in the retail and foodservice 
channels are sold at prices related to the Urner Barry wholesale quotation for shell eggs. We sell the majority of our 
non-specialty shell eggs at prices related to Urner Barry Spot Egg Market Quotations or formulas related to our costs 
of production which include the cost of corn and soybean meal.  For fiscal 2017, wholesale large shell egg prices in 
the southeast region, as quoted by Urner Barry, averaged $0.85 compared with $1.79 for fiscal 2016, evidencing their 
volatility.  Egg prices during fiscal 2016 were impacted by the outbreak of avian influenza ("AI") primarily in the 
upper Midwestern U.S. from April to June 2015, which initially caused a significant reduction in egg supplies and an 
increase  in  egg  prices. There  were  no  positive  tests  for AI  at  any  of  our  locations.    Based  on  USDA  reports,  the 
subsequent  repopulation  of  the  national  laying  hen  flock,  eventually  above  pre-AI  levels,  with  a  younger,  more 
productive hen population, along with reduced demand for egg products resulted in an oversupply of eggs, leading to 
decreased egg prices in fiscal 2017. 

Feed Costs for Shell Egg Production 

Feed is a primary cost component in the production of shell eggs and represents over half of industry farm level 
production costs. Most shell egg producers, including us, are vertically integrated, manufacturing the majority of the 
feed they require for their operations. Although feed ingredients, primarily corn and soybean meal, are available from 
a number of sources, prices for ingredients can fluctuate and are affected by weather, speculators, and various supply 
and  demand  factors.  Our  feed  cost  per  dozen  eggs  produced  for  fiscal  2017  was  3.6%  lower  than  fiscal 
2016.  Adequate stocks from increased U.S. acreage and large per acre yields for both corn and soybeans in 2016 
combined with the 2017 crop should provide adequate domestic supplies for both of our primary feed ingredients 
during fiscal 2018. 

Growth Strategy and Acquisitions 

For many years, we have pursued a growth strategy focused on the acquisition of existing shell egg production and 
processing facilities, as well as the construction of new and more efficient facilities.  Since the beginning of fiscal 
1989, we have completed 20 acquisitions. In addition, we have built numerous “in-line” shell egg production and 
processing facilities as well as pullet growing facilities which added to our capacity.  The capacity increases have 
been accompanied by the retirement of older and less efficient facilities.  The “in-line” facilities provide gathering, 
grading  and  packaging  of  shell  eggs  by  less  labor-intensive,  more  efficient,  mechanical  means.   We  continue  to 
upgrade  and  modify  our  facilities,  and  invest  in  new  facilities,  to  meet  changing  demand  as  many  food  service 
customers,  restaurant  chains,  and  retailers  have  committed  to  exclusive  offerings  of  cage-free  eggs  over  the  next 
several years. 

Our total flock, including pullets, layers and breeders increased from approximately 32.8 million at the end of fiscal 
2012 to approximately 45.6 million as of June 3, 2017.  The dozens of shell eggs sold increased from approximately 
884.3 million in fiscal 2012 to approximately 1,031.1 million for fiscal 2017.   

During  fiscal  2017,  we  acquired  substantially  all  of  the  egg  production,  processing  and  distribution  assets  of 
Foodonics International, Inc. and of Happy Hen Egg Farms, Inc., which are discussed in detail later in this report. 

We continue to pursue opportunities to acquire companies engaged in the production and sale of shell eggs.  We will 
continue  to  evaluate  and  selectively  pursue  acquisitions  that  will  expand  our  shell  egg  production  capabilities  in 
existing markets and broaden our geographic reach. We have extensive experience identifying, valuing, executing, 
and  integrating  acquisitions  and  we  intend  to  leverage  that  experience  in  the  evaluation  and  execution  of  future 
acquisitions. We will seek to acquire regional shell egg businesses with significant market share and long-standing 
customer relationships. We believe enhancing our national presence will help us further strengthen our relationships 
with existing customers, many of whom have operations across the U.S. 

Federal antitrust laws require regulatory approval of acquisitions that exceed certain threshold levels of significance, 
and we are subject to federal and state laws prohibiting anti-competitive conduct.   We believe our sales of shell eggs 

5 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
during the last fiscal year represented approximately 20% of domestic shell egg sales, making us the largest producer 
and distributor of shell eggs in the U.S. However, because the shell egg production and distribution industry is so 
fragmented, we believe there are many acquisition opportunities available to us that would not be restricted pursuant 
to antitrust laws. 

Through  exclusive  license  agreements  with  EB  in  several  key  territories  and  our  trademarked  Farmhouse®  and 
4Grain® brands, we are one of the leading producers and marketers of value-added specialty shell eggs. We also 
produce, market, and distribute private label specialty shell eggs to several customers. Since selling prices of specialty 
shell  eggs  are  generally  less  volatile  than non-specialty  shell  egg  prices,  we  believe  growing  our  specialty  eggs 
business will enhance the stability of our margins.  We expect the price of specialty eggs to remain at a premium to 
regular shell eggs, and intend to grow our specialty shell egg business. 

The construction of new, more efficient production and processing facilities is also an integral part of our growth 
strategy.  Such construction requires compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations, including the 
receipt of permits that could cause schedule delays, although we have not experienced any significant delays in the 
past. 

Shell Eggs 

Production.  Our operations are fully integrated. We hatch chicks, grow and maintain flocks of pullets, layers, and 
breeders,  manufacture  feed,  and  produce,  process,  package,  and distribute  shell  eggs.  We  produce  approximately 
84% of our total shell eggs sold, with 92% of such production coming from company-owned facilities, and the other 
8% coming from contract producers.  Under a typical arrangement with a contract producer, we own the flock, furnish 
all feed and critical supplies, own the shell eggs produced and assume market risks. The contract producers own and 
operate  their  facilities  and  are  paid  a  fee  based  on  production  with  incentives  for  performance.  We  purchase 
approximately 16% of the total shell eggs we sell from outside producers. 

The commercial production of shell eggs requires a source of baby chicks for laying flock replacement. We produce 
the majority of our chicks in our own hatcheries and obtain the balance from commercial sources. We own breeder 
and hatchery facilities capable of producing 21.2 million pullet chicks per year in a computer-controlled environment. 
These  pullets  are  distributed  to  43  state-of-the-art  laying  operations  around  the  southwestern,  southeastern,  mid-
western and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. The facilities produce an average of 2.4 million dozen shell eggs per 
day. The shell eggs are processed, graded and packaged predominantly without handling by human hands. We have 
spent a cumulative total of $310.5 million over the past five years to expand and upgrade our facilities with the most 
advanced  equipment  and  technology  available  in  our  industry.  We  believe  our  constant  attention  to  production 
efficiencies and focus on automation throughout the supply chain enables us to be a low cost supplier in all the markets 
in which we compete. 

Feed cost represents the largest element of our farm egg production cost, ranging from 58% to 69% of total farm 
production cost in the last five fiscal years. Although feed ingredients are available from a number of sources, we 
have little, if any, control over the prices of the ingredients we purchase, which are affected by weather, speculators, 
and various supply and demand factors.  For example, the severe drought in the summer of 2012 and resulting damage 
to the national corn and soybean crop resulted in high and volatile feed costs.  Increases in feed costs unaccompanied 
by increases in the selling price of eggs can have a material adverse effect on our operations.  High feed costs can 
encourage shell egg producers to reduce production, resulting in higher egg prices.  Alternatively, low feed costs can 
encourage industry overproduction, possibly resulting in lower egg prices. 

After the eggs are produced, they are graded and packaged.  Substantially all of our farms have modern “in-line” 
facilities to mechanically gather, grade and package the eggs produced.  The increased use of in-line facilities has 
generated significant cost savings compared to the cost of eggs produced from non-in-line facilities.  In addition to 
greater  efficiency,  the  in-line  facilities  produce  a  higher  percentage  of  USDA  Grade A  eggs,  which  sell  at  higher 
prices.  Eggs produced on farms owned by contractors are brought to our processing plants to be graded and packaged. 
Since shell eggs are perishable, we maintain very low egg inventories, usually consisting of approximately four days 
of production. 

6 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Egg  production  activities  are  subject  to  risks  inherent  in  the  agriculture  industry,  such  as  weather  conditions  and 
disease.  These  risks  are  outside  our  control  and  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  operations.  The 
marketability of shell eggs is subject to risks such as possible changes in food consumption preferences and practices 
reflecting perceived health concerns. 

We operate in a cyclical industry with total demand that is generally steady and a product that is generally price-
inelastic.  Thus, small increases in production or decreases in demand can have a large adverse effect on prices and 
vice-versa.  However,  economic  conditions  in  the  egg  industry  are  expected  to  exhibit  less  cyclicality  in  the 
future.  The industry is concentrating into fewer but stronger hands, which should help lessen the extreme cyclicality 
of the past. 

Marketing.  Of the 1,031.1 million dozen shell eggs sold by us in fiscal 2017, our flocks produced 870.3 million. 

We sell our shell eggs to a diverse group of customers, including national and local grocery store chains, club stores, 
foodservice distributors, and egg product consumers. We utilize electronic ordering and invoicing systems that enable 
us to manage inventory for certain customers. Our top ten customers accounted for an aggregate of 69.5%, 70.6%, 
and 67.9% of net sales dollars for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Two customers, Wal-Mart Stores and 
Sam’s Club, on a combined basis, accounted for 28.9%, 28.9%, and 25.7% of net sales dollars during fiscal 2017, 
2016, and 2015, respectively. 

The majority of eggs sold are sold based on the daily or short-term needs of our customers.  Most sales to established 
accounts are on open account with payment terms ranging from seven to 30 days.  Although we have established 
long-term relationships with many of our customers, many of them are free to acquire shell eggs from other sources. 

The shell eggs we sell are either delivered to our customers’ warehouse or retail stores, either by our own fleet or 
contracted refrigerated delivery trucks, or are picked up by our customers at our processing facilities. 

We sell our shell eggs at prices generally related to independently quoted wholesale market prices or at formulas 
related to our costs of production. Wholesale prices are subject to wide fluctuations.  The prices of shell eggs reflect 
fluctuations  in  the  quoted  market  and  changes  in  corn  and  soybean  meal  prices,  and  the  results  of  our  shell  egg 
operations are materially affected by changes in market quotations and feed costs.  Egg prices reflect a number of 
economic conditions, such as the supply of eggs and the demand level, which, in turn, are influenced by a number of 
factors we cannot control.  No representation can be made as to the future level of prices. 

According to USDA reports, for the past five years, U.S. annual per capita egg consumption grew from 255 in 2012 
to  275 in  2016.    Looking  ahead,  we  believe  fast  food  restaurant  consumption,  high  protein  diet  trends,  industry 
advertising campaigns, and improved nutritional reputation of eggs related to better scientific understanding of the 
role of cholesterol in diets may result in increased per capita egg consumption levels; however, no assurance can be 
given that per capita consumption will not decline in the future. 

We sell the majority of our shell eggs across the southwestern, southeastern, mid-western and mid-Atlantic regions 
of the U.S. We are a major factor in egg marketing in a majority of these states.  Many states in our market area are 
egg  deficit  regions  where  production  of  fresh  shell  eggs  is  less  than  total  consumption.  Competition  from  other 
producers in specific market areas is generally based on price, service, and quality of product.  Strong competition 
exists in each of our markets. 

Seasonality.  Retail sales of shell eggs are greatest during the fall and winter months and lowest during the summer 
months.  Prices for shell eggs fluctuate in response to seasonal demand factors and a natural increase in egg production 
during the spring and early summer. We generally experience lower sales and net income in our fourth and first fiscal 
quarters ending in May and August, respectively. During the past ten fiscal years, two of our first quarters resulted in 
net operating losses, and during this same period, three of our fourth quarters resulted in net operating losses. 

Specialty Eggs. We produce specialty eggs such as Egg-Land’s Best®, Land O’ Lakes®, 4Grain®, and Farmhouse® 
branded eggs.  Specialty eggs are intended to meet the demands of consumers who are sensitive to environmental, 
health and/or animal welfare issues.  Specialty shell eggs are becoming a more significant segment of the shell egg 

7 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
market.  During our fiscal 2016 an increasing number of large restaurant chains, food service companies and grocery 
chains, including our largest customers, announced goals to transition to a cage-free egg supply chain by specified 
future dates.    For fiscal 2017, specialty eggs accounted for 43.6% of our shell egg dollar sales and 22.9% of our 
shell egg dozens sold, as compared to 29.1% of shell egg dollar sales and 22.9% of shell egg dozens sold in fiscal 
2016.  Additionally, specialty eggs sold through our co-pack arrangements accounted for an additional 3.1% of shell 
egg dollar sales and 1.6% of shell egg dozens sold in fiscal 2017, compared with 2.7% of shell egg dollar sales and 
2.0%  of  shell  egg  dozens  sold  in  fiscal  2016.  We  produce  and  process  Egg-Land’s  Best®  and  Land  O’  Lakes® 
branded eggs under license from EB at our facilities under EB guidelines.  The product is marketed to our established 
base  of  customers  at  premium  prices  compared  to  non-specialty  shell  eggs.  Egg-Land’s  Best®  branded  eggs 
accounted for approximately 23.2% of our shell egg dollar sales in fiscal 2017, compared to 16.8% in fiscal 2016. 
Based on dozens sold, Egg-Land’s Best® branded eggs accounted for 12.5% of dozens sold for fiscal 2017, compared 
to 13.6% in fiscal 2016.  Land O’ Lakes® branded eggs are produced by hens that are fed a whole grain diet, free of 
animal fat and animal by-products.  Farmhouse® brand eggs are produced at our facilities by cage-free hens that are 
provided with a diet of all grain, vegetarian feed.  We market organic, wholesome, cage-free, vegetarian, and omega-
3 eggs under our 4-Grain® brand, which consists of both caged and cage-free eggs.  Farmhouse®, Land O’ Lakes®, 
4Grain® and other non-Egg-Land’s Best® specialty eggs accounted for 20.4% of our shell egg dollar sales in fiscal 
2017, compared to 12.3% in fiscal 2016, and 10.4% of dozens sold for fiscal 2017, compared to 9.3% for fiscal 2016. 

Egg  Products.   Egg  products  are  shell  eggs  broken  and  sold  in  liquid,  frozen,  or  dried  form.   In  fiscal  2017  egg 
products represented approximately 2% of our net sales compared with approximately 4% in fiscal 2016.  We sell 
egg products primarily into the institutional and food service sectors in the U.S.  Our egg products are sold through 
our  wholly  owned  subsidiary American  Egg  Products,  LLC  located  in  Blackshear,  Georgia  and  our  consolidated 
subsidiary Texas Egg Products, LLC located in Waelder, Texas.  Prices for egg products are related to Urner Barry 
quoted price levels. 

Competition.  The production, processing, and distribution of shell eggs is an intensely competitive business, which 
traditionally has attracted large numbers of producers.  Shell egg competition is generally based on price, service, and 
product quality. 

The U.S. shell egg industry remains highly fragmented but is characterized by a growing concentration of producers. 
In 2016, 56 producers with one million or more layers owned 97% of the 318.6 million total U.S. layers, compared 
to 2000, when 63 producers with one million or more layers owned 79% of the 273 million total layers, and 1990, 
when  56  producers  with  one  million  or  more  layers  owned  64%  of  the  232  million  total  layers.  We  believe  a 
continuation of the concentration trend will result in reduced cyclicality of shell egg prices, but no assurance can be 
given in that regard. A continuation of this trend could also create greater competition among fewer producers. 

Patents and Trade Names.  We own the trademarks Farmhouse®, Sunups®, Sunny Meadow® and 4Grain®. We do 
not own any patents or proprietary technologies. We produce and market Egg-Land's Best® and Land O’ Lakes® 
branded eggs under license agreements with EB.  We believe these trademarks and license agreements are important 
to our business.  We do not know of any infringing uses that would materially affect the use of these trademarks, and 
we actively defend and enforce them. 

Government Regulation.  Our facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various federal, state, and local 
agencies,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  the  United  States  Food  and  Drug  Administration  (“FDA”),  USDA, 
Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), Occupational Safety and Health Administration and corresponding state 
agencies, among others. The applicable regulations relate to grading, quality control, labeling, sanitary control and 
reuse or disposal of waste.  Our shell egg facilities are subject to periodic USDA, FDA and EPA inspections. Our feed 
production  facilities  are  subject  to  FDA  regulation  and  inspections.  In  addition,  we  maintain  our  own  inspection 
program to ensure compliance with our own standards and customer specifications. We are not aware of any major 
capital expenditures necessary to comply with current statutes and regulations; however, there can be no assurance 
that  we  will  not  be  required  to  incur  significant  costs  for  compliance  with  such  statutes  and  regulations  in  the 
future.  In addition, rules are often proposed that, if adopted as proposed, could increase our costs. For example, in 
April 2016 the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service proposed rules that, if adopted, will change requirements, and 
increase our costs to produce organic eggs.  As of July 2017, the proposed rules have not become effective. 

8 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental  Regulation.   Our  operations  and  facilities  are  subject  to  various  federal,  state,  and  local 
environmental,  health  and  safety  laws  and  regulations  governing,  among  other  things,  the  generation,  storage, 
handling, use, transportation, disposal, and remediation of hazardous materials. Under these laws and regulations, we 
are  required  to  obtain  permits  from  governmental  authorities,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  wastewater  discharge 
permits. We have made, and will continue to make, capital and other expenditures relating to compliance with existing 
environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and permits. We are not currently aware of any major capital 
expenditures necessary to comply with such laws and regulations; however, because environmental, health and safety 
laws  and  regulations  are  becoming  increasingly  more  stringent,  including  those  relating  to  animal  wastes  and 
wastewater discharges, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur significant costs for compliance 
with such laws and regulations in the future. 

Employees.  As of June 3, 2017, we had 3,578 employees, of whom 2,976 worked in egg production, processing and 
marketing,  178  worked  in  feed  mill  operations  and  424  were  administrative  employees,  including  our  executive 
officers.  Approximately 3.9% of our personnel are part-time.  None of our employees are covered by a collective 
bargaining agreement.  We consider our relations with employees to be good. 

Our Corporate Information 

We  were  founded  in  1957  in  Jackson,  Mississippi.  We  were  incorporated  in  Delaware  in  1969.  Our  principal 
executive office is located at 3320 W Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Jackson, Mississippi 39209. The telephone number 
of our principal executive office is (601) 948-6813. We maintain a website at www.calmainefoods.com where general 
information about our business is available. The information contained in our website is not a part of this document. 
Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, Forms 
3, 4 and 5 ownership reports, and all amendments to those reports are available, free of charge, through our website 
as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. Information concerning corporate governance 
matters is also available on our website. 

Our Common Stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “CALM.” On 
June 2, 2017, the last sale price of our Common Stock on NASDAQ was $38.55 per share.  Our fiscal year 2017 
ended June 3, 2017, and the first three fiscal quarters of fiscal 2017 ended August 27, 2016, November 26, 2016, and 
February 25, 2017.  All references herein to a fiscal year means our fiscal year and all references to a year mean a 
calendar year.   

 ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS 

Our business and results of operations are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond 
our control.  The following is a description of the known factors that may materially affect our business, financial 
condition  or  results  of  operations.  They  should  be  considered  carefully,  in  addition  to  the  information  set  forth 
elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including under Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 
Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations,”  in  making  any  investment  decisions  with  respect  to  our 
securities.  Additional  risks  or  uncertainties  that  are  not  currently  known  to  us,that  we  currently  deem  to  be 
immaterial or that could apply to any company could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition 
or results of operations. 

Market prices of wholesale shell eggs are volatile and decreases in these prices can adversely impact our results 
of operations. 

Our operating results are significantly affected by wholesale shell egg market prices, which fluctuate widely and are 
outside our control.  As a result, our prior performance should not be presumed to be an accurate indication of future 
performance. Small increases in production, or small decreases in demand, can have a large adverse effect on shell 
egg prices.  Low shell egg prices adversely affect our revenues and profits. 

Market prices for wholesale shell eggs have been volatile.  Shell egg prices trended upward from calendar 2002 until 
late 2003 and early 2004 when they rose to then historical highs.  In the early fall of calendar 2004, the demand trend 
related  to  the  increased  popularity  of  high  protein  diets  faded  dramatically  and  prices  fell.   During  the  time  of 

9 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
increased  demand,  the  egg  industry  geared  up  to  produce  more  eggs,  resulting  in  an  oversupply  of  eggs.  After 
calendar 2006, supplies were more closely balanced with demand and egg prices again reached record levels in 2007 
and 2008.  Egg prices had subsequently retreated from those record price levels due to increases in industry supply 
before reaching new highs in 2014.  In 2015, egg prices rose again in large part due to a decrease in supply caused by 
the  avian  influenza  outbreak  in  the  upper  Midwestern  U.S. from  April  to  June  2015. While  the  AI  outbreak 
significantly impacted the supply and prices of eggs, there were no positive tests for AI at any of our locations.  The 
average Urner-Barry Thursday prices for the large market (i.e. generic shell eggs) in the southeastern region for the 
months of June through November 2015 was $2.32 per dozen, with a peak of $2.97 during August.  Subsequent to 
November 2015, shell egg prices declined.  The Urner Barry price index hit a decade-low level in our fiscal 2016 
fourth quarter. During our first quarter of fiscal 2017 it increased slightly, but remained at significantly lower levels 
than the corresponding period of last year.  During our fiscal 2017 second quarter, it returned to and dropped below 
the low levels seen during the fiscal 2016 fourth quarter. Early in our fiscal 2017 third quarter we saw a significant 
increase but prices dropped again after Christmas.  During our fiscal 2017 fourth quarter, it dropped yet again and 
approached the record low levels of the fiscal 2017 second quarter.  According to Nielsen data, retail customer demand 
for shell eggs has remained strong. The USDA reports that egg export demand has improved since the beginning of 
fiscal 2017; however, it has still not fully recovered from levels prior to the AI outbreak. We have experienced reduced 
demand for egg products, as many of our commercial customers reformulated their products to use fewer eggs when 
prices spiked and have been slow to resume previous egg usage. Together, these factors have created an oversupply 
of eggs, with continued pressure on market prices. We expect the egg markets to remain under pressure and do not 
expect to see meaningful improvement until there is a better balance of supply and demand. 

Shell egg prices are also impacted by seasonal fluctuations.  Retail sales of shell eggs are greatest during the fall and 
winter months and lowest in the summer months. Prices for shell eggs fluctuate in response to seasonal factors and a 
natural increase in shell egg production during the spring and early summer. Shell egg prices tend to increase with 
the start of the school year and are highest prior to holiday periods, particularly Thanksgiving, Christmas and Easter. 
Consequently, we generally experience lower sales and net income in our first and fourth fiscal quarters ending in 
August and May, respectively. As a result of these seasonal and quarterly fluctuations, comparisons of our sales and 
operating results between different quarters within a single fiscal year are not necessarily meaningful comparisons. 

A decline in consumer demand for shell eggs can negatively impact our business. 

We believe fast food restaurant consumption, high protein diet trends, industry advertising campaigns, and improved 
nutritional  reputation  of  eggs  related  to  better  scientific  understanding  of  the  role  of  cholesterol  in  diets  have  all 
contributed to shell egg demand. However, there can be no assurance that the demand for shell eggs will not decline 
in the future. Adverse publicity relating to health concerns and changes in the perception of the nutritional value of 
shell eggs, as well as movement away from high protein diets, could adversely affect demand for shell eggs, which 
would have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations and financial condition. 

Feed costs are volatile and increases in these costs can adversely impact our results of operations. 

Feed cost represents the largest element of our shell egg (farm) production cost, ranging from 58% to 69% of total 
farm production cost in the last five fiscal years. Although feed ingredients are available from a number of sources, 
we  have  little,  if  any,  control  over  the  prices  of  the  ingredients  we  purchase,  which  are  affected  by  weather, 
speculators, various supply and demand factors, transportation and storage costs, and agricultural and energy policies 
in the U.S. and internationally.  For example, the severe drought in the summer of 2012 and resulting damage to the 
national corn and soybean crops resulted in high and volatile feed costs.  Increases in feed costs unaccompanied by 
increases in the selling price of eggs can have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.  Alternatively, 
low feed costs can encourage industry overproduction, possibly resulting in lower egg prices. 

Due  to  the  cyclical  nature  of  our  business,  our  financial  results  fluctuate  from  year  to  year  and  between 
different quarters within a single fiscal year. 

The shell egg industry has traditionally been subject to periods of high profitability followed by periods of significant 
loss. In the past, during periods of high profitability, shell egg producers tended to increase the number of layers in 
production with a resulting increase in the supply of shell eggs, which generally caused a drop in shell egg prices 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
until  supply  and  demand  returned  to  balance.  As  a  result,  our  financial  results  from  year  to  year  vary 
significantly.  Additionally, as a result of seasonal fluctuations, our financial results fluctuate significantly between 
different quarters within a single fiscal year. 

We purchase a portion of the shell eggs we sell from outside producers and our ability to obtain such eggs at 
prices and in quantities acceptable to us could fluctuate. 

We produced approximately 84% and 78% of the total number of shell eggs we sold in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, 
respectively, and purchased the remainder from outside producers. As the wholesale price for shell eggs increases, 
our cost to acquire shell eggs from outside producers increases. There can be no assurance that we will be able to 
continue to acquire shell eggs from outside producers in sufficient quantities and satisfactory prices, and our inability 
to do so may have a material adverse effect on our business and profitability. 

Our acquisition growth strategy subjects us to various risks. 

We  plan  to  continue  to  pursue  a  growth  strategy,  which  includes  acquisitions  of  other  companies  engaged  in  the 
production and sale of shell eggs. In fiscal year 2017, we completed the purchase of the substantially all of the egg 
production  assets  of  Foodonics  International  Inc.  and  of  Happy Hen  Egg  Farm,  Inc.   Acquisitions  require  capital 
resources and can divert management’s attention from our existing business. Acquisitions also entail an inherent risk 
that we could become subject to contingent or other liabilities, including liabilities arising from events or conduct 
prior to our acquisition of a business that were unknown to us at the time of acquisition. We could incur significantly 
greater expenditures in integrating an acquired business than we anticipated at the time of its purchase. We cannot 
assure you that we: 

•   will identify suitable acquisition candidates; 

•   can consummate acquisitions on acceptable terms; 

•   can successfully integrate an acquired business into our operations; or 

•   can successfully manage the operations of an acquired business. 

No  assurance  can  be  given  that  companies  we  acquire  in  the  future  will  contribute  positively  to  our  results  of 
operations or financial condition. In addition, federal antitrust laws require regulatory approval of acquisitions that 
exceed certain threshold levels of significance. 

The consideration we pay in connection with any acquisition also affects our financial results. If we pay cash, we 
could be required to use a portion of our available cash to consummate the acquisition. To the extent we issue shares 
of our Common Stock, existing stockholders may be diluted. In addition, acquisitions may result in the incurrence of 
debt. 

Our  largest  customers  have  historically  accounted  for  a  significant  portion  of  our  net  sales  volume. 
Accordingly, our business may be adversely affected by the loss of, or reduced purchases by, one or more of 
our large customers. 

For the fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, two customers, Wal-Mart Stores and Sam’s Clubs, on a combined basis, 
accounted for 28.9%, 28.9%, and 25.7% of our net sales dollars, respectively.  For fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, 
our top ten customers accounted for 69.5%, 70.6%, and 67.9% of net sales dollars, respectively. Although we have 
established long-term relationships with most of our customers, who continue to purchase from us based on our ability 
to service their needs, they are free to acquire shell eggs from other sources.  If, for any reason, one or more of our 
large customers were to purchase significantly less of our shell eggs in the future or terminate their purchases from 
us, and we are not able to sell our shell eggs to new customers at comparable levels, it would have a material adverse 
effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.   

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Failure to comply with applicable governmental regulations, including environmental regulations, could harm 
our operating results, financial condition, and reputation.  Further, we may incur significant costs to comply 
with any such regulations. 

We are subject to federal, state and local regulations relating to grading, quality control, labeling, sanitary control, 
and  waste  disposal. As  a  fully-integrated  shell  egg  producer,  our  shell  egg  facilities  are  subject  to  regulation  and 
inspection  by  the  USDA,  EPA,  and  FDA,  as  well  as  regulation  by various  state  and  local  health  and  agricultural 
agencies, among others. All of our shell egg production and feed mill facilities are subject to FDA regulation and 
inspections. In addition, rules are often proposed that, if adopted as proposed, could increase our costs. For example, 
in April 2016 the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service proposed rules that, if adopted, would change requirements, 
and increase our costs to produce organic eggs.  As of July 2017, the proposed rules have not become effective. 

Our operations and facilities are subject to various federal, state and local environmental, health, and safety laws and 
regulations  governing,  among  other  things,  the  generation,  storage,  handling,  use,  transportation,  disposal,  and 
remediation  of  hazardous  materials.  Under  these  laws  and  regulations,  we  are  required  to  obtain  permits  from 
governmental authorities, including, but not limited to pollution/wastewater discharge permits. 

If we fail to comply with an applicable law or regulation, or fail to obtain necessary permits, we could be subject to 
significant  fines  and  penalties  or  other  sanctions,  our  reputation  could  be  harmed,  and  our  operating  results  and 
financial  condition  could  be  materially  adversely  affected.  In  addition,  because  these  laws  and  regulations  are 
becoming increasingly more stringent, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur significant costs 
for compliance with such laws and regulations in the future. 

Shell eggs and shell egg products are susceptible to microbial contamination, and we may be required to or 
voluntarily recall contaminated products. 

Shell eggs and shell egg products are vulnerable to contamination by pathogens such as Salmonella.  Shipment of 
contaminated products, even if inadvertent, could result in a violation of law and lead to increased risk of exposure 
to product liability claims, product recalls and increased scrutiny by federal and state regulatory agencies.  In addition, 
products purchased from other producers could contain contaminants that might be inadvertently redistributed by 
us.  As such, we might decide or be required to recall a product if we or regulators believe it poses a potential health 
risk.  We  do  not  maintain  insurance  to  cover  recall  losses.  Any  product  recall  could  result  in  a  loss  of  consumer 
confidence in our products, adversely affect our reputation with existing and potential customers and have a material 
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

Agricultural risks, including outbreaks of avian disease, could harm our business.  

Our  shell  egg  production  activities  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  agricultural  risks.  Unusual  or  extreme  weather 
conditions, disease and pests can materially and adversely affect the quality and quantity of shell eggs we produce 
and distribute.  The Company maintains controls and procedures to reduce the risk of exposing our flocks to harmful 
diseases.  Despite our efforts, outbreaks of avian disease can still occur and may adversely impact the health of our 
flocks.  An outbreak of avian disease  could have a material adverse impact on our financial results by increasing 
government restrictions on the sale and distribution of our products.  Negative publicity from an outbreak within our 
industry can negatively impact customer perception, even if the outbreak does not directly impact our flocks.  If a 
substantial portion of our production facilities are affected by any of these factors in any given quarter or year, our 
business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. 

From April through June 2015, our industry experienced a significant avian influenza outbreak, primarily in the upper 
Midwestern U.S.  Based on several published industry estimates, we believe approximately 12% of the national flock 
of laying hens was affected.  The affected laying hens were either destroyed by the disease or euthanized.  The effect 
this outbreak had on our industry and our company is discussed throughout this report.  There have been no positive 
tests for avian influenza at any of our locations. We have significantly increased the biosecurity measures at all of our 
facilities; however we cannot be certain that our flocks will not be affected by AI or other diseases in the future. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our business is highly competitive. 

The  production  and  sale  of  fresh  shell  eggs,  which  accounted  for  virtually  all  of  our  net  sales  in  recent  years,  is 
intensely competitive. We compete with a large number of competitors that may prove to be more successful than we 
are in marketing and selling shell eggs. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to compete successfully 
with  any  or  all  of  these  companies.  In  addition,  increased  competition  could  result  in  price  reductions,  greater 
cyclicality,  reduced  margins  and  loss  of  market  share,  which  would  negatively  affect  our  business,  results  of 
operations, and financial condition. 

Pressure from animal rights groups regarding the treatment of animals may subject us to additional costs to 
conform  our  practices  to  comply  with  developing  standards  or  subject  us  to  marketing  costs  to  defend 
challenges to our current practices and protect our image with our customers. 

We and many of our customers face pressure from animal rights groups, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of 
Animals ("PETA"), and the Humane Society of the United States ("HSUS"), to require all companies that supply food 
products operate their business in a manner that treats animals in conformity with certain standards developed or 
approved by these animal rights groups. The standards typically require minimum cage space for hens, among other 
requirements, but some of these groups have made legislative efforts to ban any form of caged housing in various 
states.  California’s Proposition 2 and Assembly Bill 1437 was effective January 1, 2015, and did increase the cost of 
production in that State and for producers who sell there.  During our fiscal 2016, many large restaurant chains, food 
service companies and grocery chains, including our largest customers, announced goals to transition to a cage-free 
egg supply chain by specified future dates.  Changing our procedures and infrastructure to conform to these types of 
laws or anticipated customer demand for these types of guidelines has resulted and will continue to result in additional 
costs  to  our  internal  production  of  shell  eggs,  including  capital  and  operating  cost  increases  from  housing  and 
husbandry practices and modification of existing or construction of new facilities, and the increased cost for us to 
purchase  shell  eggs  from  our  outside  suppliers.  While  some  of  the  increased  costs  have  been  passed  on  to  our 
customers, we cannot provide assurance that we can continue to pass on these costs, or additional costs we will incur, 
in the future. 

We are dependent on our management team, and the loss of any key member of this team may adversely affect 
the implementation of our business plan in a timely manner. 

Our success depends largely upon the continued service of our senior management team. The loss or interruption of 
service  of  one  or  more  of  our  key  executive  officers  could  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  manage  our  operations 
effectively and/or pursue our growth strategy. We have not entered into any employment or non-compete agreements 
with  any  of  our  executive  officers  nor  do  we  carry  any  significant  key-man  life  insurance  coverage  on  any  such 
persons. 

We are controlled by the family of our founder, Fred R. Adams, Jr.  

Fred R. Adams, Jr., our Founder and Chairman Emeritus, and his spouse own 27.8% of the outstanding shares of our 
Common Stock, which has one vote per share.  In addition, Mr. Adams and his spouse own 74.7% and his son-in-
law, Adolphus  B.  Baker,  our  President, Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chairman  of  the  Board,  and  his  spouse  own 
25.3% of the outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock, which has ten votes per share. Mr. Baker and his 
spouse also own 1.4% of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock. A conservatorship has been established to 
manage Mr. Adams’ affairs, with his spouse and Mr. Baker as co-conservators, as a result of the impairment of Mr. 
Adams’ health related to his previously disclosed stroke.  Mr. Adams continues to consult actively and regularly with 
the  Company  and  it  is  expected  that  he  will  continue  to  do  so  for  as  long  as  he  is  able.  As  a  result  of  the 
conservatorship, as of July 1, 2017, Mr. Adams, his spouse, and Mr. Baker possessed 52.3%, and Messrs. Adams and 
Baker and their spouses collectively possessed 66.2%, of the total voting power represented by the outstanding shares 
of  our  Common  Stock  and  Class A  Common  Stock.  These  stockholdings  include  shares  of  our  Common  Stock 
accumulated under our employee stock ownership plan for the respective accounts of Messrs. Adams and Baker and 
Mr. Baker’s spouse. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Adams  and  Baker  families  intend  to  retain  ownership  of  a  sufficient  amount  of  Common  Stock  and  Class A 
Common Stock to assure continued ownership of over 50% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of capital 
stock. Such ownership will make an unsolicited acquisition of the Company more difficult and discourage certain 
types of transactions involving a change of control of our Company, including transactions in which the holders of 
Common  Stock  might  otherwise  receive  a  premium  for  their  shares  over  then  current  market  prices.  In  addition, 
certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation require that our Class A Common Stock be issued only to Fred 
R. Adams, Jr. and members of his immediate family, and if shares of our Class A Common Stock, by operation of law 
or otherwise, are deemed not to be owned by Mr. Adams or a member of his immediate family, the voting power of 
any such shares shall be automatically reduced to one vote per share. The Adams and Baker families’ controlling 
ownership of our capital stock may adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock. 

Based on the Adams family’s beneficial ownership of our outstanding capital stock, we are a “controlled company,” 
as  defined  in  Rule  5615(c)(1)  of  the  NASDAQ’s  listing  standards.  Accordingly,  we  are  exempt  from  certain 
requirements of NASDAQ’s corporate governance listing standards, including the requirement to maintain a majority 
of independent directors on our board of directors and the requirements regarding the determination of compensation 
of executive officers and the nomination of directors by independent directors. 

Current  and  future  litigation  could  expose  us  to  significant  liabilities  and  adversely  affect  our  business 
reputation. 

We and certain of our subsidiaries are involved in various legal proceedings.  Litigation is inherently unpredictable, 
and  although  we  believe  we  have  meaningful  defenses  in  these  matters,  we  may  incur  judgments  or  enter  into 
settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flow and financial 
condition.  For a discussion of legal proceedings see Item 3 below.  Such lawsuits are expensive to defend, divert 
management’s attention, and may result in significant judgments or settlements.  Legal proceedings may expose us 
to negative publicity, which could adversely affect our business reputation and customer preference for our products 
and brands. 

Impairment in the carrying value of goodwill or other assets could negatively affect our results of operations 
or net worth. 

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of business acquisitions over the fair value of the identifiable net assets 
acquired.  Goodwill is reviewed at least annually for impairment by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether 
the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a 
reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.  As of June 3, 2017, we had $35.5 million of goodwill.  While we 
believe the current carrying value of this goodwill is not impaired, any future goodwill impairment charges could 
materially adversely affect our results of operations in any particular period or our net worth. 

The loss of any registered trademark or other intellectual property could enable other companies to compete 
more effectively with us. 

We utilize intellectual property in our business.  For example, we own the trademarks Farmhouse®,  Sunups®,  Sunny 
Meadow®  and  4Grain®.  We  also  produce  and  market  Egg-Land’s  Best®  and  Land  O’  Lakes®  under  license 
agreements with EB.  We have invested a significant amount of money in establishing and promoting our trademarked 
brands.  The loss or expiration of any intellectual property could enable other companies to compete more effectively 
with us by allowing our competitors to make and sell products substantially similar to those we offer.  This could 
negatively impact our ability to produce and sell the associated products, thereby adversely affecting our operations. 

Extreme weather, natural disasters or other events beyond our control could negatively impact our business. 

Fire, bioterrorism, pandemic, extreme weather or natural disasters, including droughts, floods, excessive cold or heat, 
hurricanes  or  other  storms,  could  impair  the  health  or  growth  of  our  flocks,  production  or  availability  of  feed 
ingredients,  or  interfere  with  our operations  due  to  power  outages,  fuel  shortages,  discharges  from  overtopped  or 
breached  wastewater  treatment  lagoons,  damage  to  our  production  and  processing  facilities  or  disruption  of 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
transportation channels, among other things. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our financial 
results. 

Failure  of  our  information  technology  systems  or  software,  or  a  security  breach  of  those  systems,  could 
adversely affect our day-to-day operations and decision making processes and have an adverse effect on our 
performance. 

The efficient operation of our business depends on our information technology systems. We rely on our information 
technology  systems  to  effectively  manage  our  business  data,  communications,  logistics,  accounting  and  other 
business  processes.  If  we  do  not  allocate  and  effectively  manage  the  resources  necessary  to  build  and  sustain  an 
appropriate technology environment, our business or financial results could be negatively impacted. In addition, our 
information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from circumstances beyond our control, 
including  systems  failures,  viruses, ransomware,  security breaches  or cyber incidents  such  as  intentional cyber-
attacks aimed at theft of sensitive data or inadvertent cyber-security compromises. 

A security breach of such information could result in damage to our reputation and negatively impact our relations 
with  our  customers  or  employees. Any  such  damage  or  interruption  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business. 

We currently participate in several joint ventures and may participate in other joint ventures in the future. We 
could  be  adversely  affected  if  any  of  our  joint  venture  partners  are  unable  or  unwilling  to  fulfill  their 
obligations  or  if  we  have  disagreements  with  any  of  our  joint  venture  partners  that  are  not  satisfactorily 
resolved. 

We currently have investments in and commitments to several joint ventures and we may participate in other joint 
ventures in the future. Under existing joint venture agreements, we and our joint venture partners could be required 
to, among other things, provide guarantees of obligations or contribute additional capital and we may have little or 
no control over the amount or timing of these obligations.  If our joint venture partners are unable or unwilling to 
fulfill  their  obligations  or  if  we  have  any  unresolved  disagreements  with  our  joint  venture  partners,  we  may  be 
required to fulfill those obligations alone, expend additional resources to continue development of projects, or we 
may be required to write down our investments at amounts that could be significant. 

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 

None. 

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES 

We  operate  farms,  processing  plants,  hatcheries,  feed  mills,  warehouses,  offices  and  other  properties  located  in 
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, 
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Utah.  As of June 3, 2017, the facilities included three breeding facilities, two 
hatcheries,  six  wholesale  distribution  centers,  22  feed  mills,  44  shell  egg  production  facilities,  26  pullet  growing 
facilities, 42 processing and packing facilities, and one egg products facility.  We also own a significant interest in a 
company that owns an egg products facility, which is consolidated in our financial statements. Most of our operations 
are conducted from properties we own. 

As of June 3, 2017, we owned approximately 27,001 acres of land in various locations throughout our geographic 
market area. We have the ability to hatch 21.2 million pullet chicks annually, grow 25.2 million pullets annually, 
house 43.2 million laying hens, and control the production of 39.2 million layers, with the remainder controlled by 
contract  growers. We  own  mills  that  can  produce  746  tons  of  feed  per  hour,  and  processing  facilities  capable  of 
processing 16,260 cases of shell eggs per hour (with each case containing 30 dozen shell eggs). 

Over the past five fiscal years, our capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions of shell egg production and processing 
facilities from others, have totaled an aggregate amount of approximately $310.5 million. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

Egg Antitrust Litigation 

Since September 25, 2008, the Company has been named as one of several defendants in numerous antitrust cases 
involving the United States shell egg industry.  In some of these cases, the named plaintiffs allege that they purchased 
eggs or egg products directly from a defendant and have sued on behalf of themselves and a putative class of others 
who claim to be similarly situated.  In other cases, the named plaintiffs allege that they purchased shell eggs and egg 
products directly from one or more of the defendants but sue only for their own alleged damages and not on behalf 
of a putative class.  In the remaining cases, the named plaintiffs are individuals or companies who allege that they 
purchased shell eggs indirectly from one or more of the defendants - that is, they purchased from retailers that had 
previously purchased from defendants or other parties - and have sued on behalf of themselves and a putative class 
of others who claim to be similarly situated. 

The Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation consolidated all of the putative class actions (as well as certain other 
cases in which the Company was not a named defendant) for pretrial proceedings in the United States District Court 
for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. The  Pennsylvania  court  organized  the  putative  class  actions  around  two 
groups (direct purchasers and indirect purchasers) and named interim lead counsel for the named plaintiffs in each 
group. 

The Direct Purchaser Putative Class Action. The direct purchaser putative class cases were consolidated into In re: 
Processed  Egg  Products Antitrust  Litigation,  No.  2:08-md-02002-GP,  in  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. As  previously  reported,  in  November  2014,  the  Court  approved  the  Company’s 
settlement with the direct purchaser plaintiff class and entered final judgment dismissing with prejudice the class 
members’ claims against the Company. 

The Indirect Purchaser Putative Class Action.  The indirect purchaser putative class cases were consolidated into In 
re: Processed Egg Products Antitrust Litigation, No. 2:08-md-02002-GP, in the United States District Court for the 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania.   On April  20-21,  2015,  the  Court  held  an  evidentiary  hearing  on  the  indirect 
purchaser plaintiffs’ motion for class certification.  On September 18, 2015, the Court denied the indirect purchaser 
plaintiffs’ motion for class certification of 21 separate classes seeking damages under the laws of 21 states, holding 
that the plaintiffs were not able to prove that their purported method for ascertaining class membership was reliable 
or administratively feasible, that common questions would predominate, or that their proposed class approach would 
be manageable in a single trial.  In addition to barring any right to pursue a class monetary remedy under state law, 
the Court also denied indirect purchaser plaintiffs’ request for certification of an injunctive-relief class under federal 
law. However, the court allowed the indirect purchaser plaintiffs to renew their motion for class certification seeking 
a  federal  injunction. The  plaintiffs  filed  their  renewed  motion  to  certify  an  injunctive-relief  class  on  October  23, 
2015. The Company joined the other defendants in opposing that motion on November 20.  The plaintiffs filed their 
reply memorandum on December 11, 2015, and on March 7, 2017, the Court heard arguments on the renewed motion 
for injunctive class certification. On June 27, 2017, the Court denied plaintiffs’ renewed motion for injunctive class 
certification. The plaintiffs also filed a petition with the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, asking 
the  court  to  hear  an  immediate  appeal  of  the  trial  court’s  denial  of  the  motion  to  certify  21  state-law  damages 
classes. On December 3, 2015, the Third Circuit entered an order staying its consideration of the plaintiffs’ request 
for an immediate appeal of the damages-class ruling pending the trial court’s resolution of the plaintiffs’ renewed 
motion to certify an injunctive-relief class. On July 11, 2017 the plaintiffs filed a petition with the Third Circuit asking 
the court to hear an appeal of the June 27 order denying plaintiffs’ renewed motion for injunctive class certification.  
On  July  21,  2017,  the  Company  joined  other  defendants  in  a  response  filed  with  the Third  Circuit  opposing  the 
plaintiffs' petition. 

The Non-Class Cases. Six of the cases in which plaintiffs do not seek to certify a class have been consolidated with 
the  putative  class  actions  into  In  re:  Processed  Egg  Products Antitrust  Litigation, No.  2:08-md-02002-GP,  in  the 
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The court granted with prejudice the defendants’ 
renewed motion to dismiss the non-class plaintiffs’ claims for damages arising before September 24, 2004. On July 
2, 2015, the Company filed and joined several motions for summary judgment that sought either dismissal of all of 
the claims in all of these cases or, in the alternative, dismissal of portions of these cases. On July 2, 2015, the non-

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
class  plaintiffs  filed  a  motion  for  summary  judgment  seeking  dismissal  of  certain  affirmative  defenses  based  on 
statutory immunities from federal antitrust law. The Court heard oral argument on the motions for summary judgment 
on February 22 and 23, 2016. On September 6, 2016, the Court granted the defendants’ motion for summary judgment 
against the plaintiffs’ claims arising from their purchases of egg products, dismissing those claims with prejudice.  On 
September 9, 2016, the Court granted in part the Company’s motion for summary judgment on liability, dismissing 
as a matter of law the plaintiffs’ allegations of a side agreement to cease construction of new facilities and ruling that 
the plaintiffs’ allegations against United Egg Producers (UEP) animal-welfare guidelines must be evaluated at trial 
under  the  rule  of  reason.  On  September  12,  2016,  the  Court  granted  in  part  the  Company’s  motion  for  summary 
judgment on damages, ruling that plaintiffs cannot recover damages on purchases of eggs from non-defendants and 
cannot recover any relief on eggs and egg products produced or sold in Arizona after October 1, 2009, the date that 
Arizona mandated that all eggs sold or produced in that state must be produced in compliance with the 2008 version 
of the UEP animal-welfare guidelines. On September 13, 2016, the Court granted in part the plaintiffs’ motion for 
summary judgment as to the applicability of the Capper-Volstead defense, ruling that United States Egg Marketers 
(an industry cooperative of which the Company is a member) may invoke the defense at trial but that UEP (another 
industry cooperative of which the Company is a member) cannot.  The Capper-Volstead defense is a defense pursuant 
to the Capper-Volstead Act (the Co-operative Marketing Associations Act), enacted by Congress in 1922, which gives 
certain  associations  of  farmers  certain  exemptions  from  antitrust  laws.  On  October  4,  2016,  certain  direct  action 
plaintiffs (Kraft Food Global, Inc., General Mills, Inc., Nestle USA, Inc., and The Kellogg Company) filed an appeal 
to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from the District Court’s Order dated September 6, 2016, 
granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment and dismissing with prejudice all claims based on the purchase 
of egg products. These plaintiffs filed their opening brief on March 7, 2017.  The defendants filed their response brief 
on April 20.  These plaintiffs filed their reply brief on May 18.  The court of appeals heard oral argument on July 11, 
2017, but has not issued a ruling.  On November 22, 2016, the non-class plaintiffs filed a motion asking the Court to 
hold a status conference and asking the court to set the non-class cases for trial in June of 2017. The parties in all of 
the remaining class and non-class cases submitted several different proposed trial schedules to the court, and a status 
conference was held on February 9, 2017.  A trial date has not yet been set. 

Allegations in Each Case. In all of the cases described above, the plaintiffs allege that the Company and certain other 
large domestic egg producers conspired to reduce the domestic supply of eggs in a concerted effort to raise the price 
of eggs to artificially high levels. In each case, plaintiffs allege that all defendants agreed  to reduce the domestic 
supply of eggs by: (a) agreeing to limit production; (b) manipulating egg exports; and (c) implementing industry-
wide animal welfare guidelines that reduced the number of hens and eggs. 

The named plaintiffs in the remaining indirect purchaser putative class action seek treble damages under the statutes 
and common-law of various states and injunctive relief under the Sherman Act on behalf of themselves and all other 
putative class members in the United States. Although plaintiffs allege a class period starting in October, 2006 and 
running “through the present,” the Court denied the plaintiffs’ motion to certify classes seeking damages under the 
laws of 21 states and denied without prejudice the plaintiffs’ motion to certify an injunctive-relief class, although the 
plaintiffs have filed a renewed motion to certify an injunctive-relief class, as discussed above. 

Five of the original six non-class cases remain pending against the Company. The principal plaintiffs in these cases 
are: The  Kroger  Co.;  Publix  Super  Markets,  Inc.;  SUPERVALU,  Inc.;  Safeway,  Inc.; Albertsons  LLC;  H.E.  Butt 
Grocery Co.; The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc.; Walgreen Co.; Hy-Vee, Inc.; and Giant Eagle, Inc.  In 
four of these remaining non-class cases, the plaintiffs seek treble damages and injunctive relief under the Sherman 
Act.  In one of those four cases, the plaintiffs purchased only egg products, and as noted above, the Court dismissed 
with prejudice all claims arising from the purchase of egg products.  On October 4, 2016, the four plaintiffs in that 
case  (Kraft  Food  Global,  Inc.,  General  Mills,  Inc.,  Nestle  USA,  Inc.,  and  The  Kellogg  Company)  appealed  that 
decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.  In the fifth remaining non-class case, the plaintiff 
seeks treble damages and injunctive relief under the Sherman Act and the Ohio antitrust act (known as the Valentine 
Act). 

The  Pennsylvania  court  has  entered  a  series  of  orders  related  to  case  management,  discovery,  class  certification, 
summary judgment, and scheduling.  The Court has also denied all four motions that the plaintiffs filed to exclude 
testimony from certain expert witnesses retained by the defendants. The Pennsylvania court has not set a trial date for 
any of the Company’s remaining consolidated cases (non-class and indirect purchaser cases).  As noted above, the 
court held a hearing on the parties’ proposed trial schedules but has not yet set a trial date. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
The Company intends to continue to defend the remaining cases as vigorously as possible based on defenses which 
the Company believes are meritorious and provable.  While management believes that the likelihood of a material 
adverse outcome in the overall egg antitrust litigation has been significantly reduced as a result of the settlements and 
rulings described above, there is still a reasonable possibility of a material adverse outcome in the remaining egg 
antitrust litigation. At the present time, however, it is not possible to estimate the amount of monetary exposure, if 
any, to the Company because of these cases. Accordingly, adjustments, if any, which might result from the resolution 
of these remaining legal matters, have not been reflected in the financial statements. 

State of Oklahoma Watershed Pollution Litigation 

On June 18, 2005, the State of Oklahoma filed suit, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of 
Oklahoma, against Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Tyson Foods, Inc. and affiliates, Cobb-Vantress, Inc., Cargill, Inc. and 
its affiliate, George’s, Inc. and its affiliate, Peterson Farms, Inc. and Simmons Foods, Inc. The State of Oklahoma 
claims  that  through  the  disposal  of  chicken  litter  the  defendants  have  polluted  the  Illinois  River Watershed. This 
watershed provides water to eastern Oklahoma. The complaint seeks injunctive relief and monetary damages, but the 
claim for monetary damages has been dismissed by the court. Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. discontinued operations in the 
watershed. Accordingly, we do not anticipate that Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. will be materially affected by the request 
for injunctive relief unless the court orders substantial affirmative remediation. Since the litigation began, Cal-Maine 
Foods,  Inc.  purchased  100%  of  the  membership  interests  of  Benton  County  Foods,  LLC,  which  is  an  ongoing 
commercial shell egg operation within the Illinois River Watershed. Benton County Foods, LLC is not a defendant in 
the litigation. 

The trial in the case began in September 2009 and concluded in February 2010. The case was tried to the court without 
a jury and the court has not yet issued its ruling. Management believes the risk of material loss related to this matter 
to be remote. 

Florida Civil Investigative Demand 

On November 4, 2008, the Company received an antitrust civil investigative demand from the Attorney General of 
the  State  of  Florida. The  demand  seeks  production  of  documents  and  responses  to  interrogatories  relating  to  the 
production and sale of eggs and egg products. The Company is cooperating with this investigation and has, on three 
occasions,  entered  into  an  agreement  with  the  State  of  Florida  tolling  the  statute  of  limitations  applicable  to  any 
supposed claims the State is investigating. No allegations of wrongdoing have been made against the Company in 
this matter. 

Other Matters 

In addition to the above, the Company is involved in various other claims and litigation incidental to its business. 
Although the outcome of these matters cannot be determined with certainty, management, upon the advice of counsel, 
is of the opinion that the final outcome should not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of 
operations or financial position. 

At this time, it is not possible for us to predict the ultimate outcome of the matters set forth above. 

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II. 

ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

Our Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CALM”.  The closing price 
for our Common Stock on July 17, 2017 was $35.55 per share. The following table sets forth the high and low daily 
sales prices and dividends per share for each of the four quarters of fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2017.   

Fiscal Year 
Ended 

May 28, 2016 

June 3, 2017 

Fiscal Quarter 

High 

Low 

Dividends (1)

Sales Price 

First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

$ 57.94 $ 44.13 $ 

63.25
56.50
55.43

50.27
44.94
44.65

$ 45.75 $ 40.11 $ 

46.15
45.45
41.25

36.50
37.95
36.35

0.983
0.751
0.441
—

—
—
—
—

(1)  Represents dividends paid with respect to such quarter, after the end of the quarter. See “Dividends” below. 

There is no public trading market for the Class A Common Stock.  All outstanding Class A shares are owned by Fred 
R. Adams, Jr., our Founder and Chairman Emeritus, his son-in-law Adolphus Baker, and their spouses.  For additional 
information about our capital stock, see Note 14 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report. 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

There were no purchases of our Common Stock made by or on behalf of our company or any affiliated purchaser 
during our fiscal 2017 fourth quarter. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Performance Graph 

The following graph shows a comparison of cumulative total shareholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvested 
basis, for the Company, the NASDAQ Composite Total Return, and the NASDAQ 100 Total Return for the five years 
ended June 3, 2017.  As the only publicly held company in the shell egg business, the Company uses the NASDAQ 
100 Total Return index in lieu of a published industry index or peer group.  The graph assumes $100 was invested on 
June 2, 2012 in the stock or index.  Each date plotted indicates the last day of a fiscal quarter. 

Stockholders 

At  July 17,  2017,  there  were  approximately 333  record  holders  of  our  Common  Stock  and  approximately  47,927 
beneficial owners whose shares were held by nominees or broker dealers. 

Dividends 

Cal-Maine has a dividend policy adopted by its Board of Directors.  Pursuant to the policy, Cal-Maine pays a dividend 
to shareholders of its Common Stock and Class A Common Stock on a quarterly basis for each quarter for which the 
Company reports net income attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. computed in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting  principles  in  an  amount  equal  to  one-third  (1/3)  of  such  quarterly  income.  Dividends  are  paid  to 
shareholders of record as of the 60th day following the last day of such quarter, except for the fourth fiscal quarter.  For 
the fourth quarter, the Company will pay dividends to shareholders of record on the 65th day after the quarter end. 
Dividends are payable on the 15th day following the record date. Following a quarter for which the Company does 
not report net income attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc., the Company will not pay a dividend for a subsequent 
profitable quarter until the Company is profitable on a cumulative basis computed from the date of the last quarter 
for which a dividend was paid.  At June 3, 2017, cumulative losses that must be recovered prior to paying a dividend 
were $74.7 million.   The Company’s loan agreements provide that unless otherwise approved by its lenders, the 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company must limit dividends paid in any quarter to not exceed an amount equal to one-third of the previous quarter’s 
consolidated net income, which dividends are allowed to be paid if there are no events of default. 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 

No sales of securities without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 occurred during our fiscal year ended 
June 3, 2017. 

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans 

Equity Compensation Plan Information 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

Number of 
securities to be 
issued upon 
exercise of 
outstanding 
options, warrants 
and rights 

Weighted 
average exercise 
price of 
outstanding 
options, 
warrants and 
rights 

Number of 
securities 
remaining 
available for 
future issuance 
under equity 
compensation 
plans (excluding 
securities 
reflected in

Equity compensation plans 
approved by shareholders 
Equity compensation plans not 
approved by shareholders 
Total 

— $

—

— $

—

—

—

503,242

—

503,242

(a)  There were no outstanding options, warrants or rights as of June 3, 2017.  There were 247,735 shares of 
restricted stock outstanding under our 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan as of June 3, 2017. 

(b)  There were no outstanding options, warrants or rights as of June 3, 2017. 
(c)  Shares available for future issuance as of June 3, 2017 under our 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive 

Plan.  

For additional information, see Note 11 to Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

Statement of Operations Data (in thousands, except 
per share data) 

June 3, 
2017 ^

May 28, 
2016

May 30, 
2015

May 31, 
2014 * 

June 1, 
2013 †

Fiscal Years Ended 

Net sales 
Cost of sales 

Gross profit 
Selling, general and administrative 

Loss (gain) on disposal of fixed assets 

Legal settlement expense 

Operating income (loss) 
Other income (expense): 

Interest income (expense), net 

Equity in income of affiliates 

Patronage dividends 

Other, net 

Total other income 

Income (loss) before income tax and noncontrolling 
interest 
Income tax expense (benefit) 

Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling 
interest 

Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 

Net income (loss) per common share: 
Basic 

Diluted 

Cash dividends per common share 

Weighted average shares outstanding: 
Basic 

Diluted 

Balance Sheet Data (in thousands) 
Working capital 

Total assets 

Total debt (including current maturities) 

Total stockholders’ equity 

$

53 wks
1,074,513 $
1,028,963

52 wks
1,908,650 $
1,260,576

45,550
173,980

3,664

—

648,074
177,760

(1,563)

—

(132,094)

471,877

2,785

1,390

7,665

5,960

3,158

5,016

6,930

268

17,800

15,372

(114,294)

(39,867)

(74,427)

487,249

169,202

318,047

52 wks
1,576,128    $ 
1,180,407   
395,721   
160,386   
568   
—   
234,767   

(515)  
2,657   
6,893   
2,747   
11,782   

246,549
84,268   
162,281   

(149)

2,006

(74,278) $

316,041 $

1,027
161,254    $ 

52 wks 
1,440,907 $
1,138,143

52 wks
1,288,104
1,073,555

302,764
156,712

651

—

145,401

(2,656)

3,512

6,139

9,446

16,441

161,842

52,035

109,807

600

214,549
126,956

1,496

28,000

58,097

(3,906)

3,480

14,300

3,597

17,471

75,568

24,807

50,761

338

109,207 $

50,423

$

$

$

$

(1.54) $

(1.54) $

— $

6.56 $

6.53 $

2.18 $

3.35    $ 
3.33    $ 
1.11    $ 

2.27 $

2.26 $

0.73 $

48,362

48,362

48,195

48,365

48,136   
48,437   

48,095

48,297

$

371,527 $

542,832 $

1,033,094

1,111,765

10,939

844,493

25,570

917,361

407,418    $ 
928,653   
50,860   
704,562   

354,743 $

811,661

61,093

594,745

Operating Data: 

Total number of layers at period-end (thousands) 

Total shell eggs sold (millions of dozens) 

36,086

1,031.1

33,922

1,053.6

33,696   
1,063.1   

32,372

1,013.7

1.05

1.05

0.38

47,967

48,088

304,681

745,627

65,020

518,044

30,967

948.5

 ^  Results for fiscal 2017 include the results of operations (subsequent to acquisition) of  the commerical egg assets acquired from Foodonics 

International, Inc., which were consolidated with our operations as of October 16, 2016, and the commercial egg assets of Happy Hen Egg Farms, 
Inc., which were consolidated with our operations as of February 19, 2017. 

*   Results for fiscal 2014 include the results of operations (subsequent to acquisition) of our joint venture partner’s 50% interest in Delta Egg Farm, 
LLC, which was consolidated with our operations as of March 1, 2014.  Prior to March 1, 2014, our equity in earnings in Delta Egg Farm, LLC are 
included in Equity in income of affiliates. 

†   Results  for  fiscal  2013  include  the  results  of  operations  (subsequent  to  acquisition)  of  the  commercial  egg  assets  acquired  from  Pilgrim’s  Pride 
Corporation, which were consolidated with our operations as of August 10, 2012, and the commercial egg assets from Maxim Production Co., Inc., 
which were consolidated with our operations as of November 15, 2012.  

22 

  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION 

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

RISK FACTORS; FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

For  information  relating  to  important  risks  and  uncertainties  that  could  materially  adversely  affect  our  business, 
securities, financial condition or operating results, reference is made to the disclosure set forth under Item 1A above 
under the caption “Risk Factors.” In addition, because the following discussion includes numerous forward-looking 
statements  relating  to  us,  our  results  of  operations,  financial  condition  and  business,  reference  is  made  to  the 
information set forth in the section of Part I immediately preceding Item 1 above under the caption “Forward-Looking 
Statements.” 

OVERVIEW 

Cal-Maine  Foods,  Inc.  (“we,”  “us,”  “our,”  or  the  “Company”)  is  primarily  engaged  in  the  production,  grading, 
packaging, marketing and distribution of fresh shell eggs. Our fiscal year end is the Saturday nearest to May 31 which 
was June 3, 2017 (53 weeks), May 28, 2016 (52 weeks), and May 30, 2015 (52 weeks) for the most recent three fiscal 
years. 

Our operations are fully integrated.  We hatch chicks, grow and maintain flocks of pullets (female chickens, under 18 
weeks of age), layers (mature female chickens) and breeders (male and female birds used to produce fertile eggs to 
be hatched for egg production flocks), manufacture feed, and produce, process and distribute shell eggs. We are the 
largest producer and marketer of shell eggs in the U.S.  We market the majority of our shell eggs in the southwestern, 
southeastern,  mid-western,  and  mid-Atlantic  regions  of  the  U.S.  We  market  shell  eggs  through  our  extensive 
distribution network to a diverse group of customers, including national and regional grocery store chains, club stores, 
foodservice distributors, and egg product consumers. 

Our operating results are directly tied to egg prices, which are highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations, and 
are outside of our control. For example, the annual average Urner-Barry Southeastern Regional Large Egg Market 
Price per dozen eggs, for our fiscal 2005-2017 ranged from a low of $0.72 during fiscal 2005 to a high of $2.97 during 
fiscal 2016.  The shell egg industry has traditionally been subject to periods of high profitability followed by periods 
of significant loss. In the past, during periods of high profitability, shell egg producers tended to increase the number 
of layers in production with a resulting increase in the supply of shell eggs, which generally caused a drop in shell 
egg prices until supply and demand returned to balance.  As a result, our financial results from year to year may vary 
significantly.   Shorter term, retail sales of shell eggs historically have been greatest during the fall and winter months 
and lowest during the summer months.  Our need for working capital generally is highest in the last and first fiscal 
quarters ending in May and August, respectively, when egg prices are normally at seasonal lows.   Prices for shell 
eggs fluctuate in response to seasonal factors and a natural increase in shell egg production in the spring and early 
summer.  Shell egg prices tend to increase with the start of the school year and are highest prior to holiday periods, 
particularly Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Easter.  Consequently, we generally experience lower sales and net income 
in our first and fourth fiscal quarters ending in August and May, respectively. Because of the seasonal and quarterly 
fluctuations, comparisons of our sales and operating results between different quarters within a single fiscal year are 
not necessarily meaningful comparisons. 

From April through June 2015, our industry experienced a significant avian influenza (“AI”) outbreak, primarily in 
the upper Midwestern U.S.  There were no positive tests for AI at any of our locations.  Based on several published 
industry estimates, we believe approximately 12% of the national flock of laying hens was affected.  During April 
through June 2015, the affected laying hens were either destroyed by the disease or euthanized.  The USDA data 
showed the supply of laying hens decreased substantially.  Since that time, it began to recover and eventually exceed 
pre-AI levels by late 2016.  In February 2017, the USDA issued revised data that showed the size of the laying hen 
flock for calendar years 2015 and 2016 was meaningfully higher in both years than previously reported. 

23 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Egg prices increased significantly during the summer and fall of 2015. The average Urner-Barry Thursday prices for 
the large market (i.e. generic shell eggs) in the southeastern region for the months of June through November 2015 
was $2.32 per dozen, with a peak of $2.97 in August.  Subsequent to November 2015, shell egg prices declined.  The 
Urner Barry price index ("UB index") hit a decade-low level in our fiscal 2016 fourth quarter. During our first quarter 
of fiscal 2017 it increased slightly, but remained at significantly lower levels than the corresponding period of last 
year.  During our fiscal 2017 second quarter, the UB index returned to and dropped below the low levels seen during 
the fiscal 2016 fourth quarter. Early in our fiscal 2017 third quarter we saw a significant increase, but prices dropped 
after Christmas.  During our fiscal 2017 fourth quarter, the UB index dropped again and approached the record low 
levels of the fiscal 2017 second quarter. 

According to Nielsen data, retail customer demand for shell eggs has remained strong. The USDA reports that egg 
export demand has improved since the beginning of fiscal 2017; however, it has still not fully recovered from levels 
prior  to  the  AI  outbreak.  Additionally,  the  industry  experienced  reduced  demand  for  egg  products,  as  many 
commercial  customers  reformulated  their  products  to  use  fewer  eggs  when  prices  spiked  and  have  been  slow  to 
resume  previous  egg  usage.  Together  with  the  increased  supply  of  laying  hens,  these  factors  have  created  an 
oversupply of eggs, with continued pressure on market prices. Accordingly, our net average selling price per dozen 
shell eggs for fiscal 2017 was $1.007 compared to $1.735 for fiscal 2016.  Recent USDA reports show the chick hatch 
has  been  trending  down,  suggesting  there  may  be  a  moderation  in  the  size  of  the  laying  hen  flock  as  the  year 
progresses.  We expect the egg markets to remain under pressure and we do not expect meaningful price improvement 
until there is a better balance of supply and demand.  

We are one of the largest producers and marketers of value-added specialty shell eggs in the U.S. For accounting 
purposes, we classify nutritionally enhanced, cage-free, organic and brown eggs as specialty shell eggs. They have 
been a significant and growing segment of the market in recent years. During our fiscal 2016 an increasing number 
of large restaurant chains, food service companies and grocery chains, including our largest customers, announced 
goals to transition to a cage-free egg supply chain by specified future dates. We are working with our customers to 
achieve smooth progress in meeting their goals. Our focus for future expansion at our farms will be environments 
that  are  cage-free  or  with  equipment  that  can  easily  be  converted  to  cage-free,  based  on  a  timeline  to  meet  our 
customer’s needs. 

For fiscal 2017, we produced approximately 84% of the total number of shell eggs sold by us, with approximately 
8% of such shell egg production provided by contract producers. Contract producers utilize their facilities to produce 
shell eggs from layers owned by us. We own the shell eggs produced under these arrangements. For fiscal 2017, 
approximately 16% of the total number of shell eggs sold by us were purchased from outside producers for resale. 

Our  cost  of  production  is  materially  affected  by  feed  costs,  which  are  highly  volatile  and  subject  to  wide 
fluctuation.  For fiscal 2017, feed costs averaged about 58% of our total farm egg production cost.  Changes in market 
prices for corn and soybean meal, the primary ingredients in the feed we use, result in changes in our cost of goods 
sold.   For our last five fiscal years, average feed cost per dozen sold ranged from a low of $0.40 in fiscal 2017 to a 
high of $0.54 in fiscal 2013.  The cost of our primary feed ingredients, which are commodities, are subject to factors 
over which we have little or no control such as volatile price changes caused by weather, size of harvest, transportation 
and storage costs, demand and the agricultural and energy policies of the U.S. and foreign governments. Subsequent 
to our fiscal year end, grain prices have increased and we expect this volatility to continue in fiscal 2018.  In spite of 
this volatility, we expect to have an adequate supply of our primary feed ingredients in fiscal 2018. 

During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the egg production assets and 
assumed  certain  liabilities  of  Foodonics  International,  Inc.  and  its  related  entities  doing  business  as  Dixie  Egg 
Company  (collectively,  "Foodonics")  for  $68.6  million  of  cash  and  $3.0  million  of  deferred  purchase  price.   The 
acquired assets include commercial egg production and processing facilities with capacity for 1.6 million laying hens, 
contract grower arrangements for an additional 1.5 million laying hens, and related feed production, and distribution 
facilities in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida.  The Company acquired Foodonics' interest in American Egg Products, 
LLC ("AEP") and the Eggland's Best franchise with licensing rights for certain markets in Alabama, Florida, and 
Georgia as well as Puerto Rico, Bahamas and Cuba.  The Company now owns 100% of AEP.  The acquired operations 
of Foodonics are included in the accompanying financial statements as of October 16, 2016. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During the third quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the egg production, processing and 
distribution assets of Happy Hen Egg Farms, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively, "Happy Hen") for $17.2 million.  The 
assets include commercial egg production and processing facilities with current capacity for 350,000 laying hens and 
related distribution facilities located near Harwood and Wharton, Texas.  The site is designed for capacity of up to 
1.2 million laying hens.  The operations of Happy Hen are included in the accompanying financial statements as of 
February 19, 2017.  The Company closed this acquisition on March 3, 2017. 

We effected a 2-for-1 stock split for shares of our common stock and Class A common stock in October 2014, and all 
per share amounts in this report have been adjusted as necessary to reflect the split. 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

The following table sets forth, for the fiscal years indicated, certain items from our consolidated statements of 
operations expressed as a percentage of net sales. 

Net sales 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
Selling, general and administrative 
Loss (gain) on disposal of fixed assets 
Operating income (loss) 
Other income 
Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest 
Income tax expense (benefit) 
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
Less:  Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 

June 3, 2017  May 28, 2016    May 30, 2015
100.0%
74.9%
25.1%
10.2%
—%
14.9%
0.7%
15.6%
5.3%
10.3%
0.1%

100.0 % 
66.0 % 
34.0 % 
9.3 % 
(0.1)% 
24.8 % 
0.8 % 
25.6 % 
8.9 % 
16.7 % 
0.1 % 

100.0 %
95.8 %
4.2 %
16.2 %
0.3 %
(12.3)%
1.7 %
(10.6)%
(3.7)%
(6.9)%
— %

Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.

(6.9)%

16.6 % 

10.2%

Executive Overview of Results – June 3, 2017, May 28, 2016, and May 30, 2015 

Our  operating  results  are  significantly  affected  by  wholesale  shell  egg  market  prices  and  feed  costs,  which  can 
fluctuate widely and are outside of our control.  The majority of our shell eggs are sold at prices related to the Urner 
Barry Spot Egg Market Quotations for the southeastern and southcentral regions of the country, or formulas related 
to  our  costs  of  production  which  include  the  cost  of  corn  and  soybean  meal.  The  following  table  shows  our  net 
income  (loss),  net  average  shell  egg  selling  price,  feed  cost  per  dozen  produced,  and  the  average  Urner  Barry 
wholesale large shell egg prices in the southeast region, for each of our three most recent fiscal years. 

Fiscal Year ended 

June 3, 2017 

May 28, 2016    May 30, 2015 

Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. - 
(in thousands) 
Gross profit (in thousands) 
Net average shell egg selling price (rounded) 
Average Urner Barry Spot Egg Market Quotations1 
Feed cost per dozen produced 

$

(74,278) $

45,550
1.01
0.85
0.399

  $

316,041
648,074   
1.74   
1.79   
0.414   

161,254

395,721
1.43
1.53
0.439

1-  Average Thursday price for the large market (i.e. generic shell eggs) in the southeastern region 

The shell egg industry has traditionally been subject to periods of high profitability followed by periods of significant 
loss. The periods of high profitability have often reflected increased consumer demand relative to supply while the 
periods of significant loss have often reflected excess supply for the then prevailing consumer demand.  Historically, 
demand  for  shell  eggs  increases  in  line  with  overall  population  growth. As  reflected  above,  our  operating  results 
fluctuate with changes in the spot egg market quote and feed costs.   The net average shell egg selling price is the 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
blended  price  for  all  sizes  and  grades  of  shell  eggs,  including  non-graded  shell  egg  sales,  breaking  stock  and 
undergrades.  In fiscal 2015 and 2016, our net average net selling price increased, reflecting strong demand for shell 
eggs across our markets as well as supply constraints resulting from the outbreak of avian influenza ("AI"), and feed 
costs decreased over the previous year.  In fiscal 2017, our net average selling price and dozens sold decreased over 
the previous year primarily due to oversupply of eggs resulting from the repopulation of the national flock of laying 
hens to levels exceeding the pre-AI flock and a reduced demand for egg products.  In fiscal 2017, feed costs continued 
to decrease over prior years.  Gross profit and net income for fiscal 2017 decreased significantly compared to the 
prior year, primarily due to decreased selling prices. 

Fiscal Year Ended June 3, 2017 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended May 28, 2016 

NET SALES 

In  fiscal  2017,  approximately  98%  of  our  net  sales  consisted  of  shell  eggs  and  approximately  2%  was  egg 
products.  Net sales for the fiscal year ended June 3, 2017 were $1,074.5 million, a decrease of $834.2 million, or 
43.7%, from net sales of $1,908.7 million for fiscal 2016.  In fiscal 2017 total dozens of eggs sold decreased and egg 
selling prices decreased as compared to fiscal 2016. In fiscal 2017 total dozens of shell eggs sold were 1,031.1 million, 
a decrease of 22.5 million dozen, or  2.1%, compared to 1,053.6 million sold in fiscal 2016 resulting in a decrease in 
net sales of $22.6 million for fiscal 2017 compared with the prior year.  We believe the decrease was primarily due to 
an oversupply of eggs in fiscal 2017 contrasted with fiscal 2016 in which we experienced supply constraints resulting 
from the AI outbreak.  Our average selling price of shell eggs decreased from $1.735 per dozen for fiscal 2016 to 
$1.007 per dozen for fiscal 2017, a decrease of $0.728 per dozen, or 42.0%, primarily reflecting pressure on market 
prices induced by the oversupply of eggs compared with the prior year in which we experienced higher egg prices 
resulting from the AI outbreak.  The decrease in sales price in fiscal 2017 from fiscal 2016 resulted in a corresponding 
decrease in net sales of approximately $750.7 million.  The remainder of our decrease in net sales was the result of 
decreased sales of egg products which is discussed later in this section.  Our operating results are significantly affected 
by wholesale shell egg market prices, which are outside of our control. Small changes in production or demand levels 
can have a large effect on shell egg prices.  

26 

 
 
 
 
 
The  table  below  represents  an  analysis  of  our  non-specialty  and specialty,  as  well  as  co-pack  specialty, shell  egg 
sales.  Following the table is a discussion of the information presented in the table. 

Fiscal Years Ended 

Quarters Ended 

(53 weeks) 

June 3, 2017 

(52 weeks) 

(14 weeks) 

(13 Weeks) 

May 28, 2016 

June 3, 2017 

  May 28, 2016 

Total net sales 

$  1,074,513     

$ 1,908,650  

(Amounts in thousands) 

(Amounts in thousands) 
  $  303,020  

$ 274,584  

1.0%

3.1%

43.6%

49,282

534,754

457,617

548,858

52.3% 1,243,377

32,689
10,423   

Non-specialty shell 
egg sales 
Specialty shell egg 
sales 
Co-pack specialty 
shell egg sales 
Other sales 
10,533
Net shell egg sales  $  1,049,587    100.0% $ 1,837,946
Net shell egg sales 
as a percent of total 
net sales
Dozens sold: 
Non-specialty shell 
egg 
Specialty shell egg 
Co-pack specialty 
shell egg 
Total dozens sold 

20,936
1.6%
1,031,130    100.0% 1,053,597

778,538
236,067   

241,603

791,058

16,525

22.9%

75.5%

98%  

67.7% 145,454

54.3% 

163,882

55.6%

29.1% 112,744

42.0% 

118,356

40.2%

2.7%

0.5%

7,198

2,594

2.7% 

1.0% 

9,021

3,245

3.1%

1.1%

100.0% $ 267,990

100.0%  $  294,504

100.0%

96%  

98%   

97%

75.1% 207,428

76.0% 

189,850

22.9%

61,862

22.7% 

58,856

75.0%

23.3%

2.0%

3,725

1.3% 

4,371

1.7%

100.0% 273,015

100.0% 

253,077

100.0%

Net average selling 
price per dozen: 

All shell eggs 

Non-specialty shell 
eggs 

$ 

$ 

1.007

0.705

Specialty shell eggs  $ 

1.939

$

$

$

1.735  

1.572  

2.213  

$

$

$

0.973  

  $ 

1.152  

0.701  

  $ 

0.863  

1.823  

  $ 

2.011  

Non-specialty shell eggs include all shell egg sales not specifically identified as specialty or co-pack specialty shell 
egg sales.   This market is characterized generally by an inelasticity of demand, and small increases in production or 
decreases in demand can have a large adverse effect on prices and vice-versa.  In fiscal 2017, non-specialty shell eggs 
represented approximately 52.3% of our shell egg revenue, compared to 67.7% for fiscal 2016, reflecting the large 
decrease in net average selling price for non-specialty eggs from $1.572 per dozen in fiscal 2016 to $0.705 per dozen 
in fiscal 2017.  Sales of non-specialty shell eggs accounted for approximately 75.5% and 75.1% of total shell egg 
volumes in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

For the fourteen-week period ended June 3, 2017, non-specialty shell eggs represented approximately 54.3% of our 
shell egg revenue, compared to 55.6% for the thirteen-week period ended May 28, 2016, reflecting the large decrease 
in net average selling price for non-specialty eggs during the current period compared to the same period of last year 
($0.701 per dozen in the 2017 period compared to $0.863 per dozen in the 2016 period) partially offset by an increase 
in non-specialty dozens sold.   For the fourteen-week period ended June 3, 2017, non-specialty shell eggs accounted 
for approximately 76.0% of the total shell egg volume, compared to 75.0% for the thirteen-week period ended May 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
28,  2016.  The  volume  increase  for  both  non-specialty  and  specialty  shell  eggs  for  the  fiscal  2017  fourth  quarter 
reflected the extra week of production in the period. 

Specialty eggs, which include nutritionally enhanced, cage-free, organic and brown eggs, continued to make up a 
significant  portion  of  our  total  shell  egg  revenue  and  dozens  sold  in  fiscal  2017.  For  fiscal  2017,  specialty  eggs 
accounted for 43.6% of shell egg revenue, compared to 29.1% in fiscal 2016.  Specialty eggs accounted for 22.9% of 
shell egg volume in both fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016.  Additionally, for fiscal 2017, specialty eggs sold through co-
pack arrangements accounted for 3.1% of shell egg revenue, compared to 2.7% in fiscal 2016, and 1.6% of shell egg 
volume in fiscal 2017 compared to 2.0% in fiscal 2016.  Our net average selling price for specialty eggs was $1.939  
per dozen for fiscal 2017 compared to $2.213 per dozen for fiscal 2016.  Specialty egg retail prices are less cyclical 
than non-specialty shell egg prices and are generally higher due to consumer willingness to pay for the perceived 
increased benefits from these products. This effect was particularly evident in recent quarters as non-specialty egg 
prices declined more than specialty egg prices. However, as non-specialty egg prices declined, we experienced some 
margin and volume pressures on specialty egg sales. 

For the fourteen-week period ended June 3, 2017, specialty shell eggs and specialty shell eggs sold through co-pack 
arrangements represented approximately 42.0% and 2.7%, of our shell egg revenue, compared to 40.2% and 3.1%, 
respectively,  for  the  thirteen-week  period  ended  May  28,  2016.   As  previously  discussed,  selling  prices  for  non-
specialty eggs were lower during the current fiscal 2017 fourth quarter resulting in a larger percentage of our shell 
egg sales being attributable to the less cyclical specialty shell eggs.  For the fourteen-week period ended June 3, 2017, 
specialty shell eggs and specialty shell eggs sold through co-pack arrangements accounted for approximately 22.7% 
and 1.3% of the total shell egg volume, compared to 23.3% and 1.7%, respectively, for the thirteen-week period ended 
May 28, 2016.  Our net average selling price for specialty eggs was $1.823 per dozen for the fiscal 2017 fourth quarter 
compared to $2.011 per dozen for the fiscal 2016 fourth quarter. 

As previously disclosed, the loss of a portion of a major customer's co-pack business in the fourth quarter of fiscal 
2016 also had a negative impact on our fiscal 2017 dozens sold and revenue. 

The shell egg sales classified as “Other sales” represent hard cooked eggs, hatching eggs, other egg products, hens, 
and manure, which are included with our shell egg operations. 

Egg  products  are  shell  eggs  that  are  broken  and  sold  in  liquid,  frozen,  or  dried  form.  Our  egg  products  are  sold 
through our wholly-owned subsidiary American Egg Products, LLC (“AEP”) and our consolidated subsidiary Texas 
Egg Products, LLC (“TEP”).  For fiscal 2017 egg product sales were $24.9 million, a decrease of $45.8 million, or 
64.7%, compared to $70.7 million for fiscal 2016.  Egg products volume for fiscal 2017 was 65.3 million pounds, an 
increase of 6.8 million pounds, or 11.6%, compared to 58.5 million pounds for fiscal 2016.  In fiscal 2017, the selling 
price per pound was $0.382 compared to $1.213 for fiscal 2016, a decrease of 68.5%.  The decrease in market prices 
for egg products in the current fiscal year is due to reduced demand for egg products and extraordinarily high prices 
for the prior fiscal year which reflected the shortage of supply caused by AI. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COST OF SALES 

Cost of sales consists of costs directly related to producing, processing and packing shell eggs, purchases of shell 
eggs from outside producers, processing and packing of liquid and frozen egg products and other non-egg costs.  Farm 
production costs are those costs incurred at the egg production facility, including feed, facility, hen amortization, and 
other related farm production costs.    The following table presents the key variables affecting our cost of sales: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Cost of sales: 
Farm production 
Processing and packaging 
Outside egg purchases and other 

Total shell eggs 

Egg products 
Other 

Total 

Farm production cost (per dozen 
produced) 
Feed 
Other 

Total 

Fiscal Year Ended 

Quarter Ended 

  (53 weeks)
June 3, 
2017

(52 weeks)
May 28, 
2016

(14 weeks)   (13 weeks)
  May 28, 
2016

June 3, 
2017 

Percent 
Change

  $  598,412 $ 562,521
184,586
464,008

202,225
207,495

  1,008,132
19,766
1,065

1,211,115
48,584
877

  $ 1,028,963 $ 1,260,576

6.4 % $ 159,482    $  135,187
54,896   
45,089
9.6 %
41,663   
75,311
(55.3)%
256,041   
6,075   
462   

255,587
(16.8)%
6,473
(59.3)%
21.4 %
280
(18.4)% $ 262,578    $  262,340

Percent 
Change

18.0 %
21.8 %
(44.7)%

0.2 %
(6.1)%
65.0 %

0.1 %

  $ 

0.399 $
0.294

  $ 

0.693 $

0.414
0.279

0.693

(3.6)% $
5.4 %

— % $

0.381    $ 
0.298   
0.679    $ 

0.396
0.290

0.686

(3.8)%
2.8 %

(1.0)%

Outside egg purchases (average cost 
per dozen) 

  $ 

1.01 $

1.72

(41.3)% $

0.90

  $ 

1.11

(18.9)%

Dozen produced 
Dozen sold 

870,252
  1,031,130

819,307
1,053,597

6.2 %
(2.1)%

237,006   
273,015   

198,950
253,077

19.1 %
7.9 %

Cost of sales for the fiscal year ended June 3, 2017 was $1,029.0 million, a decrease of $231.6 million, or 18.4%, 
compared to 1,260.6 million for fiscal 2016.  Comparing fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2016, average cost per dozen purchased 
from outside shell egg producers and cost of feed ingredients decreased while dozens produced increased.  For the 
2017 fiscal year we produced 84.4% of the eggs sold by us, as compared to 77.8% for the previous year.  The increase 
is the result of our acquisitions and expansion projects completed at our existing facilties.  Feed cost for fiscal 2017 
was $0.399 per dozen, compared to 0.414 per dozen for the prior fiscal year, a decrease of 3.6%.  The decrease in 
feed cost per dozen resulted in a decrease in cost of sales of $13.1 million for fiscal 2017 compared with fiscal 2016.  

For  the  fourteen  weeks  ended  June 3,  2017,  compared  to  the  thirteen  weeks  ended  May  28,  2016,  cost  of  sales 
increased $238,000, or 0.1%,  from $262.3 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, to $262.6 million in the current 
period. Feed cost per dozen for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 was $0.381, compared to $0.396 for the same quarter 
of fiscal 2016, a decrease of 3.8%. 

Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, was 4.2% for fiscal 2017, compared to 34.0% for fiscal 2016.  The decline 
resulted primarily from lower selling prices. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

(Amounts in thousands) 
Specialty egg 
Delivery expense 
Payroll and overhead 
Stock compensation 
Other expenses 
Total 

53 Weeks 
June 3, 2017

Fiscal Years Ended 
52 Weeks 
May 28, 2016

Change 

$

$

56,522 $
53,282
35,101
3,427
25,648
173,980 $

61,294    $ 
49,629   
39,149   
3,018   
24,670   
177,760    $ 

(4,772)
3,653
(4,048)
409
978
(3,780)

Change

(7.8)%
7.4 %
(10.3)%
13.6 %
4.0 %
(2.1)%

Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A"), which include costs of marketing, distribution, accounting 
and corporate overhead, were $174.0 million in fiscal 2017, a decrease of $3.8 million, or 2.1%, compared to $177.8 
million for fiscal 2016.  As a percent of net sales, selling, general and administrative expense increased from 9.3% in 
fiscal 2016 to 16.2% in fiscal 2017, due to the reduction of net sales in fiscal 2017. 

The  impact  of  the  fiscal  2017  acquisitions  was  an  $8.1  million  increase  in  SG&A  compared  to  fiscal  2016.   The 
decrease in specialty egg expense for fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 is attributable to a 2.3% decrease in specialty 
shell egg dozens sold resulting in a decrease in advertising promotions and franchise expense.  Payroll and overhead 
decreased $4.0 million, or 10.3%, compared to the same period of last year primarily due to increased bonuses in the 
2016 fiscal year and decreased bonuses in fiscal 2017, partially offset by fiscal 2017 having one more week than 
fiscal  2016.   As  a  percentage  of  net  sales,  payroll  and  overhead  is  3.3%  and 2.1%  for  fiscal  2017  and  2016, 
respectively.  As a percentage of net sales, delivery expense is 5.0% and 2.6% for fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively, 
increasing due to the reduced net sales in the current fiscal year as well as a 4.1% increase due to the impact of the 
acquisitions.   

(Amounts in thousands) 
Specialty egg 
Delivery expense 
Payroll and overhead 
Stock compensation 
Other expenses 
Total 

14 Weeks 
June 3, 2017

Quarters Ended 
13 Weeks 
May 28, 2016

Change 

Change

$

$

14,364 $
13,712
11,156
947
7,816
47,995 $

13,768    $ 
11,945   
9,450   
843   
6,398   
42,404    $ 

596
1,767
1,706
104
1,418
5,591

4.3%
14.8%
18.1%
12.3%
22.2%
13.2%

SG&A expense was $48.0 million for the fourteen weeks ended June 3, 2017, an increase of $5.6 million, or 13.2%, 
compared to $42.4 million for the thirteen weeks ended May 28, 2016. The increase in specialty egg expense for the 
fiscal 2017 fourth quarter is attributable to a 5.1% increase in specialty egg dozens sold  due to the extra week in the 
current fiscal quarter resulting in an increase in advertising promotions and franchise expense.  Payroll and overhead 
increased $1.7 million, or 18.1%, compared to the same period of last year due to the Foodonics and Happy Hen 
acquisitions as well as the extra week in the fiscal 2017 fourth quarter, partially offset by reduced bonus accruals in 
2017.    Delivery  expense  increased  $1.8  million  for  the  fourteen  weeks  ended  June 3,  2017  compared  to  the 
corresponding thirteen week period ended May 28, 2016, primarily due to the Foodonics acquisition.  Other expenses 
for the fourteen weeks ended June 3, 2017 are up $1.4 million, or 22.2%, compared to the corresponding thirteen 
week period ended May 28, 2016, primarily due to an extra week in the current period, an increase in legal and audit 
fees in the current period, and the impact of the acquisitions. 

30 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
LOSS (GAIN) ON DISPOSAL OF FIXED ASSETS 

In fiscal 2017, we recorded a $3.7 million loss due to the retirement of layer houses at certain locations.  In fiscal 
2016  we  recorded  a  gain  on  disposal  of  fixed  assets  of  $1.6  million  primarily  due  to  the  sale  of  property  in 
Albuquerque, New Mexico. 

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) 

As a result of the above, our operating loss was $132.1 million for fiscal 2017, compared to operating income of 
$471.9 million for fiscal 2016. 

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) 

Total other income (expense) consists of income (expenses) not directly charged to, or related to, operations such as 
interest expense, interest income,  patronage dividends, and equity in earnings of affiliates, among other items. Total 
other income for fiscal 2017 was $17.8 million compared to $15.4 million for fiscal 2016.  As a percent of net sales, 
total other income was 1.7% for fiscal 2017, compared to 0.8% for fiscal 2016. 

The Company recorded interest income of $3.1 million in fiscal 2017, compared to $4.3 million for the same period 
of last year.  We recorded interest expense of $1.4 million and $2.3 million, of which $1.1 million was capitalized in 
both fiscal 2017 and 2016.  Interest income from available for sale securities decreased due to lower average invested 
balances. The reduction of interest expense resulted from lower levels of outstanding debt. 

Patronage dividends, which represent distributions from our membership in Eggland's Best, Inc., increased $735,000 
from $6.9 million in fiscal 2016 to $7.7 million in fiscal 2017.  

Equity in income of affiliates for fiscal 2017 was $1.4 million compared to $5.0 million for fiscal 2016.  The decrease 
of $3.6 million is primarily due to losses at our Red River joint venture and decreased income from specialty egg 
sales in our other unconsolidated specialty egg joint ventures. 

Other, net for fiscal 2017 was $6.0 million of income compared to $269,000 for fiscal 2016.  The increase of $5.7 
million is primarily due to our receipt in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 of payment of claims related to the Deepwater 
Horizon  Economic  and  Property  Damages  Settlement  Program.    Our  recovery,  net  of  applicable  fees,  was  $5.5 
million. 

INCOME TAXES 

For the fiscal year ended June 3, 2017, our pre-tax loss was $114.3 million, compared to pre-tax income of $487.2 
million for fiscal 2016. Income tax benefit of $39.9 million was recorded for fiscal 2017 with an effective income tax 
rate of 34.9%, compared to income tax expense of $169.2 million for fiscal 2016 with an effective income tax rate of 
34.8%. 

For the fourteen weeks ended June 3, 2017, our pretax loss was $33.2 million and our income tax benefit was $8.5 
million with an effective income tax rate of 25.9%. The low effective rate is due to the Company’s decision to carry 
back fiscal 2017 net operating losses to recover a portion of taxes paid in fiscal 2015.  The net operating loss carryback 
resulted in a $4.1 million decrease in the income tax benefit, as the carryback reduced fiscal 2015 taxable income and 
as a result reduced the benefit of domestic manufacturers deductions, a portion of which were therefore reversed in 
the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. 

Items causing our effective rate to differ from the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% are state income taxes and 
certain items included in income or loss for financial reporting purposes that are not included in taxable income or 
loss for income tax purposes, including tax exempt interest income, the domestic manufacturers deduction, and net 
income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interest. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST 

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest for fiscal 2017 was $149,000 compared to net income of $2.0 million 
for fiscal 2016. 

NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC. 

As a result of the above, net loss for fiscal 2017 was $74.3 million, or $1.54 per basic and diluted share, compared to 
net income of $316.0 million, or $6.56 per basic share and $6.53 per diluted share for fiscal 2016.  

Fiscal Year Ended May 28, 2016 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended May 30, 2015 

NET SALES 

In  fiscal  2016,  approximately  96%  of  our  net  sales  consisted  of  shell  eggs  and  approximately  4%  was  egg 
products.  Net sales for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2016 were $1,908.7 million, an increase of $332.6 million, or 
21.1%, from net sales of $1,576.1 million for fiscal 2015.  In fiscal 2016 total dozens of eggs sold decreased and egg 
selling prices increased as compared to fiscal 2015. In fiscal 2016 total dozens of shell eggs sold were 1,053.6 million, 
a decrease of 9.5 million dozen, or 0.9%, compared to 1,063.1 million sold in fiscal 2015 resulting in a decrease in 
net sales of $13.6 million for fiscal 2016 compared with the prior year which we believe was primarily due to supply 
constraints and higher prices resulting from the AI outbreak.  Our average selling price of shell eggs increased from 
$1.429 per dozen for fiscal 2015 to $1.735 per dozen for fiscal 2016, an increase of $0.306 per dozen, or 21.4%, 
primarily  reflecting  higher  egg  prices  resulting  from  the AI  outbreak  and  a  higher  percentage  of  specialty  egg 
sales.  The increase in sales price in fiscal 2016 over 2015 resulted in a corresponding increase in net sales of $325.1 
million.  The remainder of our increase in sales over the prior fiscal year not related to shell egg volume or prices was 
the result of increased sales from egg  products which is discussed later in this section.  Our operating results are 
significantly  affected  by  wholesale  shell  egg  market  prices,  which  are  outside  of  our  control.  Small  changes  in 
production or demand levels can have a large effect on shell egg prices. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  table  below  represents  an  analysis  of  our  non-specialty  and specialty,  as  well  as  co-pack  specialty, shell  egg 
sales.  Following the table is a discussion of the information presented in the table. 

Fiscal Years Ended 
(52 weeks) 

Quarters Ended 
(13 weeks) 

May 28, 2016 

May 30, 2015 

May 28, 2016 

  May 30, 2015 

(Amounts in thousands) 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total net sales 

$  1,908,650     

$ 1,576,128  

$ 303,020  

  $  403,011  

2.7%

0.6%

29.1%

43,282

416,127

534,754

1,243,377

67.7% 1,059,070

49,282
10,533   

Non-specialty shell 
egg sales 
Specialty shell egg 
sales 
Co-pack specialty 
shell egg sales 
Other sales 
11,769
Net shell egg sales  $  1,837,946    100.0% $ 1,530,248
Net shell egg sales 
as a percent of total 
net sales
Dozens sold: 
Non- specialty shell 
egg 
Specialty shell egg 
Co-pack specialty 
shell egg 
Total dozens sold 

20,936
1,053,597   

791,058
241,603   

100% 1,063,086

830,770

210,606

21,710

22.9%

75.1%

96%  

2%

69.2% 163,882

55.6% 

268,625

68.5%

27.2% 118,356

40.2% 

110,696

28.2%

2.8%

0.8%

9,021

3,245

3.1% 

1.1% 

10,278

2,710

2.6%

0.7%

100.0% $ 294,504

100.0%  $  392,309

100.0%

97%  

97%   

97%

78.1% 189,850

75% 

204,138

77.1%

19.8%

58,856

23.3% 

55,699

21%

2.1%

4,371

1.7% 

5,046

100% 253,077

100% 

264,883

1.9%

100%

Net average selling 
price per dozen 

$ 

1.74

$

1.43  

$

1.15  

  $ 

1.47  

Non-specialty shell eggs include all shell egg sales not specifically identified as specialty or co-pack specialty shell 
egg sales.   This market is characterized generally by an inelasticity of demand, and small increases in production or 
decreases in demand can have a large adverse effect on prices and vice-versa.  In fiscal 2016, non-specialty shell eggs 
represented  approximately  67.7%  of  our  shell  egg  revenue,  compared  to  69.2%  for  fiscal  2015.   Sales  of  non-
specialty shell eggs accounted for approximately 75.1% and 78.1% of total shell egg volumes in fiscal 2016 and 2015, 
respectively. 

For the thirteen-week period ended May 28, 2016, non-specialty shell eggs represented approximately 55.6% of our 
shell egg revenue, compared to 68.5% for the thirteen-week period ended May 30, 2015, reflecting the large decrease 
in net average selling price for non-specialty eggs during the fiscal 2016 fourth quarter compared to the same period 
of  the  prior  year.   For  the  thirteen-week  period  ended  May 28,  2016,  non-specialty  shell  eggs  accounted  for 
approximately 75.0% of the total shell egg volume, compared to 77.1% for the comparable period of 2015. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Specialty eggs, which include nutritionally enhanced, cage-free, organic and brown eggs, continued to make up a 
larger portion of our total shell egg revenue and dozens in fiscal 2016.  For fiscal 2016, specialty eggs accounted for 
29.1%  of  shell  egg  revenue,  compared  to  27.2%  in  fiscal  2015,  and  22.9%  of  shell  egg  volume  in  fiscal  2016, 
compared to 19.8% in fiscal 2015.  Additionally, for fiscal 2016, specialty eggs sold through co-pack arrangements 
accounted for 2.7% of shell egg revenue, compared to 2.8% in fiscal 2015, and 2.0% of shell egg volume in fiscal 
2016  and  2015.  Specialty  egg  retail  prices  are  less  cyclical  than  non-specialty  shell  egg  prices  and  are  generally 
higher due to consumer willingness to pay for the perceived increased benefits from these products. This effect was 
particularly evident in our fourth fiscal quarter of 2016, as non-specialty egg prices declined more than specialty egg 
prices. However, as non-specialty egg prices have declined, we are experiencing some margin and volume pressures 
on specialty egg sales. 

For the thirteen-week period ended May 28, 2016, specialty shell eggs and specialty shell eggs sold through co-pack 
arrangements represented approximately 40.2% and 3.1%, of our shell egg revenue, compared to 28.2% and 2.6%, 
respectively, for the comparable period of fiscal 2015.   As previously discussed, selling prices for non-specialty eggs 
decreased during the fiscal 2016 fourth quarter resulting in a larger percentage of our shell egg sales being attributable 
to the less cyclical specialty shell eggs.  For the thirteen-week period ended May 28, 2016, specialty shell eggs and 
specialty shell eggs sold through co-pack arrangements accounted for approximately 23.3% and 1.7% of the total 
shell egg volume, compared to 21.0% and 1.9%, respectively, for the comparable period of fiscal 2015. 

As discussed above, while egg prices increased substantially after the AI outbreak during the early part of our fiscal 
2016, egg prices declined to a decade-low level during our fiscal 2016 fourth quarter, and were 21.7 percent lower 
than our average selling price in our fiscal 2015 fourth quarter.  In addition, our sales for the fourth quarter of fiscal 
2016 reflect lower volumes primarily related to the loss of a portion of a major customer’s co-pack business. 

The shell egg sales classified as “Other sales” represent hard cooked eggs, hatching eggs, other egg products, hens, 
and manure, which are included with our shell egg operations. 

Egg  products  are  shell  eggs  that  are  broken  and  sold  in  liquid,  frozen,  or  dried  form.  Our  egg  products  are  sold 
through  our  consolidated  subsidiaries  American  Egg  Products,  LLC  (“AEP”)  and  Texas  Egg  Products,  LLC 
(“TEP”).  For fiscal 2016 egg product sales were $70.7 million, an increase of $25.3 million, or 55.7%, compared to 
$45.4 million for fiscal 2015.  Egg products volume for fiscal 2016 was 58.5 million pounds, an increase of 7.5 million 
pounds, or 14.7%, compared to 51.0 million pounds for fiscal 2015.  The increases in our sales volume and market 
prices for egg products in the current fiscal year were due to a shortage of supply from the AI affected locations of 
other producers, as the AI outbreak had a disproportionately large impact on suppliers of egg products.  In fiscal 2016, 
the selling price per pound was $1.213 compared to $0.891 for fiscal 2015, an increase of 36.1%. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
COST OF SALES 

Cost of sales consists of costs directly related to producing, processing and packing shell eggs, purchases of shell 
eggs from outside producers, processing and packing of liquid and frozen egg products and other non-egg costs.  Farm 
production costs are those costs incurred at the egg production facility, including feed, facility, hen amortization, and 
other related farm production costs.    The following table presents the key variables affecting our cost of sales: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Cost of sales: 
Farm production 
Processing and packaging 
Outside egg purchases and other 

Total shell eggs 

Egg products 
Other 

Total 

Farm production cost (per dozen 
produced) 
Feed 
Other 

Total 

Fiscal Year Ended 

  May 28, 
2016

May 30, 
2015

Percent 
Change

May 28, 
2016 

Quarter Ended 
  May 30, 
2015

Percent 
Change

  $ 

562,521 $ 558,580
173,181
184,586
413,863
464,008

1,211,115
48,584
877

1,145,624
33,886
897

  $  1,260,576 $ 1,180,407

0.7 % $ 135,187    $  138,580
45,089   
45,056
6.6 %
75,311   
101,029
12.1 %
5.7 % 255,587   
284,665
6,473   
8,640
43.4 %
280   
311
(2.2)%
6.8 % $ 262,340    $  293,616

(2.4)%
0.1 %
(25.5)%

(10.2)%
(25.1)%
(10)%

(10.7)%

  $ 

  $ 

0.414 $
0.279

0.693 $

0.439
0.266

0.705

(5.7)% $
4.9 %

(1.7)% $

0.396    $ 
0.29   
0.686    $ 

0.406
0.272

0.678

(2.5)%
6.6 %

1.2 %

Outside egg purchases (average cost 
per dozen) 

  $ 

1.72 $

1.41

22 % $

1.11

  $ 

1.43

(22.4)%

Dozen produced 
Dozen sold 

819,307
1,053,597

798,842
1,063,086

2.6 % 198,950   
(0.9)% 253,077   

201,763
264,883

(1.4)%
(4.5)%

Cost of sales for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2016 was $1,260.6 million, an increase of $80.2 million, or 6.8%, 
compared to $1,180.4 million for fiscal 2015.  Comparing fiscal 2016 to fiscal 2015, dozens produced and average 
cost per dozen purchased from outside shell egg producers increased while cost of feed ingredients decreased. During 
our fiscal 2016 we produced 77.8% of the eggs sold by us, as compared to 75.1% for fiscal 2015. Feed cost for fiscal 
2016 was $0.414 per dozen, compared to $0.439 per dozen for the prior fiscal year, a decrease of 5.7%.  The decrease 
in feed cost per dozen resulted in a decrease in cost of sales of $20.6 million for fiscal 2016 compared with 2015. 

For the thirteen weeks ended May 28, 2016, compared to the same period of 2015, cost of sales decreased from $293.6 
million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, to $262.3 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016.  This decrease of 
$31.3 million, or 10.7%, was primarily the result of decreased cost of outside egg purchases from $1.43 per dozen in 
the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 to $1.11 in the comparable period of fiscal 2016.  Feed cost per dozen for the fourth 
quarter of fiscal 2016 was $0.396, compared to $0.406 for the same quarter of fiscal 2015, a decrease of 2.5%. 

Gross profit increased from 25.1% of net sales for fiscal 2015, to 34.0% of net sales for fiscal 2016.  The improvement 
is the result of lower feed costs and increased egg selling prices. 

35 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

Fiscal Years Ended 
52 Weeks 

(Amounts in thousands) 
Stock compensation expense 
Specialty egg expense 
Payroll and overhead 
Other expenses 
Delivery expense 
Total 

May 28, 2016

May 30, 2015

Change 

Change

$

$

3,018 $

61,294
39,149
24,670
49,629
177,760 $

2,955    $ 
53,966   
31,965   
24,501   
46,999   
160,386    $ 

63
7,328
7,184
169
2,630
17,374

2.1%
13.6%
22.5%
0.7%
5.6%
10.8%

SG&A, which include costs of marketing, distribution, accounting and corporate overhead, were $177.8 million in 
fiscal 2016, an increase of $17.4 million, or 10.8%, compared to $160.4 million for fiscal 2015.  The increase in 
specialty egg expense for fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015 is attributable to a 14.7% increase in specialty shell 
egg  dozens  sold  resulting  in  an  increase  in  advertising  promotions  and  franchise  expense.   Payroll  and  overhead 
increased $7.2 million, or 22.5%, compared to the same period of prior year primarily due to increased bonus accruals 
in the 2016 fiscal year.  As a percentage of net sales, payroll and overhead is 2.1% 2.0% for fiscal 2016 and 2015, 
respectively.  As  a  percentage  of  net  sales,  delivery  expense  is  2.6%  and  3.0%  for  fiscal  2016  and  2015, 
respectively.  As a percent of net sales, selling, general and administrative expense decreased from 10.2% in fiscal 
2015 to 9.3% in fiscal 2016. 

Quarters Ended 
13 Weeks 

(Amounts in thousands) 
Stock compensation expense 
Specialty egg expense 
Payroll and overhead 
Other expenses 
Delivery expense 
Total 

May 28, 2016

May 30, 2015

Change 

Change

$

$

843 $

13,768
9,450
6,398
11,945
42,404 $

1,290    $ 
14,217   
8,920   
6,679   
11,738   
42,844    $ 

(447)
(449)
530
(281)
207
(440)

(34.7)%
(3.2)%
5.9 %
(4.2)%
1.8 %
(1)%

SG&A expense was $42.4 million for the thirteen-week period ended May 28, 2016, a decrease of $440,000, or 1.0%, 
compared to $42.8 million for the thirteen-week period ended May 30, 2015. 

LOSS (GAIN) ON DISPOSAL OF FIXED ASSETS 

In  fiscal  2016  we  recorded  a  gain  on  the  disposal  of  fixed  assets  of  $1.6  million  due  to  the  sale  of  property  in 
Albuquerque, New Mexico, compared with a loss on the disposal of fixed assets of $568,000 in fiscal 2015. 

OPERATING INCOME 

As a result of the above, our operating income was $470.3 million for fiscal 2016, compared to $235.3 million for 
fiscal 2015.  Operating income as a percent of net sales was 24.7% and 14.9% for fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) 

Total other income (expense) consists of income (expenses) not directly charged to, or related to, operations such as 
interest expense, interest income, patronage dividends, and equity in earnings of affiliates, among other items. Total 
other income for fiscal 2016 was $15.4 million compared to $11.8 million for fiscal 2015.  As a percent of net sales, 
total other income was 0.8% for fiscal 2016, compared to 0.7% for fiscal 2015. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net  interest  income  for  fiscal  2016  was  $3.2  million  compared  to  net  interest  expense  of  $515,000  for  fiscal 
2015.  Interest income from available for sale securities increased due to higher average invested balances and higher 
rates of return. The reduction of interest expense resulted from the Company reducing outstanding debt. 

Equity in income of affiliates for fiscal 2016 was $5.0 million compared to $2.7 million for fiscal 2015.  The increase 
of $2.3 million is primarily due to our interest in the Southwest Specialty Egg, LLC joint venture as well as increased 
income from specialty egg sales and patronage dividends in our other unconsolidated specialty egg joint ventures. 

INCOME TAXES 

For the fiscal year ended May 28, 2016, our pre-tax income was $487.2 million, compared to $246.5 million for fiscal 
2015. Income tax expense of $169.2 million was recorded for fiscal 2016 with an effective income tax rate of 34.8%, 
compared to $84.3 million for fiscal 2015 with an effective income tax rate of 34.3%. 

Items causing our effective rate to differ from the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% are state income taxes and 
certain items included in income or loss for financial reporting purposes that are not included in taxable income or 
loss for income tax purposes, including tax exempt interest income, the domestic manufacturers deduction, and net 
income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interest. 

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for fiscal 2016 was $2.0 million compared to $1.0 million for fiscal 
2015. 

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC. 

As a result of the above, net income for fiscal 2016 was $316.0 million, or $6.56 per basic share and $6.53 per diluted 
share, compared to $161.3 million, or $3.35 per basic share and $3.33 per diluted share for fiscal 2015. 

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY 

Our working capital at June 3, 2017 was $371.5 million, compared to $542.8 million at May 28, 2016. The calculation 
of  working  capital  is  defined  as  current  assets  less  current  liabilities.  Our  current  ratio  was  6.74  at  June 3,  2017 
compared to 7.50 at May 28, 2016. The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.  Our 
need  for  working  capital  generally  is  highest  in  the  last  and  first  fiscal  quarters  ending  in  May  and  August, 
respectively, when egg prices are normally at seasonal lows.  We have $3.7 million in outstanding standby letters of 
credit, which are collateralized with cash.  Our long-term debt and capital leases at June 3, 2017, including current 
maturities,  amounted  to  $10.9  million,  compared  to  $25.6  million  at  May 28,  2016.  See  Note  9  in  the  Notes  to 
Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our long-term debt instruments. 

Net cash used in operating activities was $49.3 million for fiscal year 2017 compared with net cash provided by 
operating activities of $381.8 million for fiscal year 2016.  Decreased gross profit margins resulting from lower egg 
prices contributed greatly to our decrease in cash flow from operations.  

For fiscal 2017, approximately $251.7 million was provided from the sale of short-term investments, $29.8 million 
was used to purchase short-term investments and net payments of $6.6 million were received from notes receivable 
and investments in affiliates.   We used $85.8 million to acquire assets from Foodonics and Happy Hen.  We invested 
$19.9 million in the Red River Valley Egg Farm LLC joint venture.  For additional information see Note 3 to Notes 
to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.   Approximately  $66.7  million  was  used  to  purchase property,  plant  and 
equipment.  Refer  to  the  table  of  material  construction  projects  presented  below  for  additional  information  on 
purchases of property, plant and equipment.  Approximately $16.5 million was used for principal payments on long-
term debt.  The net result of these and other activities was a decrease in cash of $11.5 million from May 28, 2016. 

For  the  fiscal  year  ended  May 28,  2016,  $381.8  million  in  net  cash  was  provided  by  operating  activities.  This 
compares  to  $195.3  million  of  net  cash  provided  by  operating  activities  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  May 30, 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015.  Improved gross profit margins contributed greatly to our positive cash flow from operations in fiscal 2016 
compared to fiscal 2015.  As discussed above, our gross profit margins increased in fiscal 2016 primarily as a result 
of an increase in egg prices and a decrease in feed costs compared to fiscal 2015.  

For fiscal 2016, approximately $292.5 million was provided from the sale of short-term investments, $403.2 million 
was used to purchase short-term investments and net payments of $5.4 million were received from notes receivable 
and  investments  in  affiliates.   We  invested  $34.0  million  in  the  Red  River  Valley  Egg  Farm  LLC  joint 
venture.  Approximately $76.1 million was used to purchase property, plant and equipment.  Approximately $120.9 
million was used to pay dividends on common stock and $25.3 million was used for principal payments on long-term 
debt.  The net result of these and other activities was an increase in cash of $20.4 million from May 30, 2015. 

Certain property, plant, and equipment is pledged as collateral on our notes payable and senior secured notes.  Unless 
otherwise approved by our lenders, we are required by provisions of our loan agreements to (1) maintain minimum 
levels of working capital (current ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1) and net worth (minimum of $90.0 million tangible 
net worth, plus 45% of cumulative net income since the fiscal year ended May 28, 2005); (2) limit dividends paid in 
any  given  quarter  to  not  exceed  an  amount  equal  to  one  third  of  the  previous  quarter’s  consolidated  net  income 
(allowed if no events of default); (3) maintain minimum total funded debt to total capitalization (debt to total tangible 
capitalization ratio not to exceed 55%); and (4) maintain various cash-flow coverage ratios (1.25 to 1), among other 
restrictions. At June 3, 2017, we were in compliance with the financial covenant requirements of all loan agreements. 
Under  certain  of  the  loan  agreements,  the  lenders  have  the  option  to  require  the  prepayment  of  any  outstanding 
borrowings  in  the  event  we  undergo  a  change  in  control,  as  defined  in  the  applicable  loan  agreement.  Our  debt 
agreements require Fred R. Adams, Jr., our Founder and Chairman Emeritus, or his family, to maintain ownership of 
Company shares representing not less than 50% of the outstanding voting power of the Company.  

In recent years we have made significant investments in new and remodeled facilities to meet the increasing demand 
for cage-free, organic and other specialty eggs, including through our previously discussed Red River joint venture. 
We have contributed $53.9 million to the joint venture to fund our share of construction, startup costs, and operating 
losses.  We estimate that  we will  make additional contributions of approximately $8 million to fund our share of 
remaining construction costs. Additionally, the following table represents material construction projects approved as 
of July 20, 2017 (in thousands):     

Project 

Location 

Projected 
Completion 

Projected 
Cost 

Spent as of
June 3, 
2017

Remaining 
Projected 
Cost

Refurbish Cage-Free Layer Houses 
Cage-Free Layer Houses 
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer Houses 
Cage-Free Layer Houses 
Layer Complex Improvements 
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer House with 
Pullets 
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer Houses with 
Pullets 

July 2017 
July 2017 

  Shady Dale, GA 
  Lake City, FL 
  Green Forest, AR September 2017
September 2017
September 2017

South Texas 
Bethune, SC 

$

5,264    $ 
8,785   
8,991   
4,104   
1,758   

4,898 $
8,415
8,583
3,404
1,605

366
370
408
700
153

South Texas 

September 2017

12,350

11,350

1,000

Guthrie, KY 

January 2018 

13,252

9,841

3,411

$

54,504    $ 

48,096 $

6,408

Looking forward to the next fiscal year, we believe current cash balances, investments, borrowing capacity, and cash 
flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our current and projected capital needs. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

The following table summarizes by fiscal year the future estimated cash payments, in thousands, to be made under 
existing  contractual  obligations.  Further  information  on  debt  obligations  is  contained  in  Note  9,  and  on  lease 
obligations in Note 8, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Total 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

Thereafter

  $  10,939

  $

4,826 $

3,533 $

1,696 $

205

  $ 

215 $

Long-Term Debt & Capital 
Leases (Principal) 
Long-Term Debt & Capital 
Leases (Interest) 
Operating Leases 

901
1,182   

506

502

247

208

70

162

Total 

  $  13,022    $

5,834 $

3,988 $

1,928 $

IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 

34
160   
399    $ 

25

150

390 $

464

19

—

483

For information on changes in accounting principles and new accounting principles, see “Impact of Recently Issued 
Accounting Standards” in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting standards requires 
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date 
of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual 
results could differ from these estimates. 

Management  suggests  our  Summary  of  Significant Accounting  Policies,  as  described  in  Note  1  of  the  notes  to 
consolidated  financial  statements,  be  read  in  conjunction  with  this  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of 
Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations.  We  believe  the  critical  accounting  policies  that  most  impact  our 
consolidated financial statements are described below. 

INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE 

Our investment securities are accounted for in accordance with ASC 320, “Investments-Debt and Equity Securities” 
(“ASC 320”).  The Company considers all investment securities for which there is a determinable fair market value 
and no restrictions on the Company's ability to sell within the next 12 months as available-for-sale, and carries them 
at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains 
and losses are included in other income. The cost basis for realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities is 
determined on the specific identification method. 

ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS 

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  we  extend  credit  to  our  customers  on  a  short-term  basis.  Although  credit  risk 
associated with our customers is considered minimal, we routinely review our accounts receivable balances and make 
provisions for probable doubtful accounts. In circumstances where management is aware of a specific customer’s 
inability to meet its financial obligations to us (e.g. bankruptcy filings), a specific reserve is recorded to reduce the 
receivable to the amount expected to be collected.  For all other customers, we recognize reserves for bad debt based 
on the length of time the receivables are past due, generally 100% for amounts more than 60 days past due. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INVENTORIES 

Inventories of eggs, feed, supplies and livestock are valued principally at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) 
or market.  If market prices for eggs and feed grains move substantially lower, we record adjustments to write-down 
the  carrying values  of  eggs  and  feed  inventories  to  fair  market  value. The  cost  associated  with  flock  inventories, 
consisting  principally  of  chick  purchases,  feed,  labor,  contractor  payments  and  overhead  costs,  are  accumulated 
during the growing period of approximately 22 weeks.  Capitalized flock costs are then amortized over the flock’s 
productive life, generally one to two years.  Flock mortality is charged to cost of sales as incurred.  High mortality 
from  disease  or  extreme  temperatures  would  result  in  abnormal  write-downs  to  flock  inventories.  Management 
continually monitors each flock and attempts to take appropriate actions to minimize the risk of mortality loss. 

LONG-LIVED ASSETS 

Depreciable  long-lived  assets  are  primarily  comprised  of  buildings  and  improvements  and  machinery  and 
equipment.  Depreciation is provided by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which are 15 to 25 
years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 12 years for machinery and equipment.  An increase or decrease in 
the estimated useful lives would result in changes to depreciation expense.  When property and equipment are retired, 
sold, or otherwise disposed of, the asset’s carrying amount and related accumulated depreciation are removed from 
the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. We continually reevaluate the carrying value of our long-
lived assets, for events or changes in circumstances which indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable from 
the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition.  If the sum of the expected 
future  cash  flows  (undiscounted  and  without  interest  charges)  are  less  than  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset,  an 
impairment loss is recognized to reduce the carrying value of the long-lived asset to the estimated fair value of the 
asset. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Included in other intangible assets are separable intangible assets acquired in business acquisitions, which include 
franchise  fees,  non-compete  agreements  and  customer  relationship  intangibles.    They  are  amortized  over  their 
estimated useful lives of 3 to 25 years.   The gross cost and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are removed 
when the recorded amounts are fully amortized and the asset is no longer in use. 

INVESTMENT IN AFFILIATES 

We have invested in other companies engaged in the production, processing and distribution of shell eggs and egg 
products.  These investments are recorded using the cost or equity method, and are not consolidated in our financial 
statements.  Changes in the ownership percentages of these investments might alter the accounting methods currently 
used. Our investment in these companies amounted to $65.7 million at June 3, 2017. The combined total assets and 
total  liabilities  of  these  companies  were  approximately  $299.9  million  and  $37.1  million,  respectively,  at  June 3, 
2017. 

GOODWILL 

At June 3, 2017, goodwill represented 3.4% of total assets and 4.2% of stockholders’ equity.  Goodwill relates to the 
following: 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal Year 
1999 
2006 
2007 
2008 
2009 
2009 
2009 
2010 
2013 
2014 
2017 
2017 

Description 

Amount 

  Acquisition of Hudson Brothers, Inc.
  Acquisition of Hillandale Farms, LLC 
  Acquisition of Green Forest Foods, LLC 
  Revised Hillandale incremental purchase price 
  Revised Hillandale incremental purchase price 
  Acquisition of Zephyr Egg, LLC 
  Acquisition of Tampa Farms, LLC 
  Revised Hillandale incremental purchase price 
  Acquisition of Maxim Production Co., Inc. 
  Purchase of joint venture partner’s 50% in Delta Egg 
  Acquisition of Foodonics International, Inc. 
  Acquisition of Happy Hen Egg Farms, Inc. 
  Total Goodwill 

  $ 

  $ 

3,147
869
179
9,257
2,527
1,876
4,600
(338)
2,300
4,779
3,389
2,940
35,525

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether a 
quantitative goodwill test is necessary.  After assessing the totality of events or circumstances, if we determine it is 
more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we perform additional 
quantitative tests to determine the magnitude of any impairment. 

REVENUE RECOGNITION AND DELIVERY COSTS 

The Company recognizes revenue only when all of the following criteria have been met: 

•   Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; 
•   Delivery has occurred; 
•   The fee for the arrangement is determinable; and 
•   Collectability is reasonably assured. 

The Company believes the above criteria are met upon delivery and acceptance of the product by our customers. 
Costs  to  deliver  product  to  customers  are  included  in  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  the 
accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and totaled $53.3 million, $49.6 million, and $47.0 million in 
fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.  Sales revenue reported in the accompanying Consolidated Statements 
of  Operations  is  reduced  to  reflect  estimated  returns  and  allowances.  The  Company  records  an  estimated  sales 
allowance for returns and discounts at the time of sale using historical trends based on actual sales returns and sales. 

SALES INCENTIVES PROVIDED TO CUSTOMERS 

The Company periodically provides incentive offers to its customers to encourage purchases. Such offers include 
current discount offers (e.g., percentage discounts off current purchases), inducement offers (e.g., offers for future 
discounts subject to a minimum current purchase), and other similar offers. Current discount offers, when accepted 
by customers, are treated as a reduction to the sales price of the related transaction, while inducement offers, when 
accepted  by  customers,  are  treated  as  a  reduction  to  sales  price  based  on  estimated  future  redemption  rates. 
Redemption rates are estimated using the Company’s historical experience for similar inducement offers. Current 
discount and inducement offers are presented as a net amount in ‘‘Net sales.’’ 

STOCK BASED COMPENSATION 

We  account  for  share-based  compensation  in  accordance  with  ASC  718,  “Compensation-Stock  Compensation” 
(“ASC 718”).  ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, 
restricted  stock  and  performance-based  shares  to  be  recognized  in  the  statement  of  operations  based  on  their  fair 
values. ASC 718 requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a financing cash flow.  See Note 11: Stock Compensation Plans in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for more information. 

INCOME TAXES 

We determine our effective tax rate by estimating our permanent differences resulting from differing treatment of 
items  for  tax  and  accounting  purposes.  We  are  periodically  audited  by  taxing  authorities.  Any  audit  adjustments 
affecting permanent differences could have an impact on our effective tax rate. 

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS 

COMMODITY PRICE RISK 

Our primary exposure to market risk arises from changes in the prices of eggs, corn and soybean meal, which are 
commodities  subject  to  significant  price  fluctuations  due  to  market  conditions  that  are  largely  beyond  our 
control.  FWe are focused on growing our specialty shell egg business because the selling prices of specialty shell 
eggs are generally not as volatile as non-specialty shell egg prices.  The following table outlines the impact of price 
changes for corn and soybean meal on feed cost per dozen: 

Feed ingredient 

  Approximate change in  feed ingredient cost

Approximate 
impact on feed 
costs per dozen  

Approximate dollar 
impact on farm 
production cost for the 
2017 fiscal year 

Corn 

Soybean Meal 

$ 0.25 change in the average market price 
per bushel 
$ 25.00 change in the average market price 
per ton 

$

$

0.01

  $ 

0.01

  $ 

8,702,520

8,702,520

We generally do not enter into long-term contracts to purchase corn and soybean meal or hedge against increases in 
the price of corn and soybean meal. 

INTEREST RATE RISK 

The fair value of our debt is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates.  We maintain all of our 
debt as fixed rate in nature to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in interest rates.  Under our current policies, we do 
not use interest rate derivative instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate changes.  A 1% adverse move 
(decrease) in interest rates would adversely affect the net fair value of our debt by $144,000 at June 3, 2017.  

We are not a party to any other material market risk sensitive instruments requiring disclosure. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Board of Directors and Stockholders 
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Jackson, Mississippi 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Cal-Maine  Foods,  Inc.  and  Subsidiaries  as  of 
June 3, 2017 and May 28, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), 
stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 3, 2017.  Our audits also 
included the consolidated financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a).  These consolidated financial 
statements are the responsibility of the entity’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these 
consolidated financial statements based on our audits.  

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company Accounting  Oversight  Board 
(United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about 
whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a 
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.  An audit also 
includes  assessing  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as 
evaluating  the  overall  financial  statement  presentation.  We  believe  our  audits  provide  a  reasonable  basis  for  our 
opinion. 

In  our  opinion,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the 
financial position of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of June 3, 2017 and May 28, 2016, and the results of 
their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 3, 2017, in conformity 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  In addition, in our opinion, the related 
financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a 
whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States), Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of June 3, 2017, based on 
criteria  established  in  2013  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated July 21, 2017, expressed an unqualified opinion. 

/s/Frost, PLLC 

Little Rock, Arkansas 
July 21, 2017  

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
(in thousands, except for par value amounts) 

June 3, 
 2017 

May 28, 
 2016 

Assets 
Current assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Investment securities available-for-sale 
Receivables: 

Trade receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of  $386 in 2017 and  $727 in 2016 
Income tax receivable 
Other 

Inventories 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 

Total current assets 
Other assets: 

Other investments 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Other long-lived assets 

Property, plant and equipment, less accumulated depreciation 

Total assets 

Liabilities and stockholders' equity 
Current liabilities: 

Trade accounts payable 
Accrued wages and benefits 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 
Current maturities of long-term debt 

Total current liabilities 

Long-term debt, less current maturities 
Other noncurrent liabilities 
Deferred income taxes 

Total liabilities 
Commitments and contingencies – See Notes 8, 9, and  13 
Stockholders' equity: 
 Common stock, $.01 par value 
   120,000 shares authorized and 70,261 shares issued in 2017 and 2016 
   43,777 and 43,737 shares outstanding in 2017 and 2016, respectively 
 Class A convertible common stock, $.01 par value 
    4,800 shares authorized, issued and outstanding in 2017 and 2016, respectively 
Paid-in capital 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax 
 Common stock in treasury, at cost – 26,484 and 26,524 shares in 2017 and 2016, respectively 

Total Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. stockholders' equity 
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities 

Total stockholders’ equity 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 

See accompanying notes. 

44 

$

$

$

$

17,564     $ 
138,462   

61,261   
52,691   
3,248   
117,200   
160,692   
2,288   
436,206   

69,296   
35,525   
29,149   
4,734   
138,704   
458,184   
1,033,094     $ 

30,629     $ 
15,809   
13,415   
4,826   
64,679   
6,113   
7,527   
110,282   
188,601   

703   

48   
49,932   
816,046   
(128)  
(23,914)  
842,687   
1,806   
844,493   
1,033,094     $ 

29,046
360,499

62,012
11,830
5,436

79,278
154,799
2,661

626,283

53,975
29,196
4,958
5,079

93,208
392,274

1,111,765

36,262
23,198
7,671
16,320

83,451
9,250
6,321
95,382

194,404

703

48
46,404
890,440
(48)
(22,272)

915,275
2,086

917,361
1,111,765

 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Operations 
(in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Fiscal years ended 

Net sales 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Selling, general and administrative 

(Gain) loss on disposal of fixed assets 

Operating income (loss) 

Other income (expense): 

Interest expense 

Interest income 

Patronage dividends 

Equity in income of affiliates 

Other, net 

Total other income 

Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest 

Income tax expense (benefit) 

Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest 

Less:  Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 

Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 

Net income (loss) per share: 

Basic 

Diluted 

Weighted average shares outstanding: 

Basic 

Diluted 

See accompanying notes. 

June 3, 
2017
1,074,513 $ 

$

1,028,963

45,550

173,980

3,664

(132,094)

(318)

3,103

7,665

1,390

5,960

17,800

(114,294)

(39,867)

(74,427)

(149)

May 28, 
 2016 

May 30, 
2015

1,908,650 $

1,260,576

648,074

177,760

(1,563)

471,877

1,576,128

1,180,407

395,721

160,386

568

234,767

(1,156)

(2,313)

4,314

6,930

5,016

268

15,372

487,249

169,202

318,047

2,006

1,798

6,893

2,657

2,747

11,782

246,549

84,268

162,281

1,027

161,254

3.35

3.33

48,136

48,437

$

$

$

(74,278) $ 

316,041 $

(1.54) $ 

(1.54) $ 

6.56 $

6.53 $

48,362

48,362

48,195

48,365

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 
(in thousands) 

Fiscal years ended 

June 3, 
2017 
(74,427)   $ 

$

May 28, 
 2016

318,047 $

May 30, 
2015
162,281

177  
(334)  
(157)  
(77)  
(80)  
(74,507)  
(149)  
(74,358)   $ 

(25)

(118)

(143)

(73)

(70)

(143)

(741)

(884)

(345)

(539)

317,977

2,006

161,742

1,027

315,971 $

160,715

Net income (loss), including noncontrolling interests 

Other comprehensive income, before tax: 

Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments 

Increase in accumulated postretirement benefits obligation, net of reclassification adjustments 

Other comprehensive loss, before tax 

Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) 

Other comprehensive loss, net of  tax 

Comprehensive income (loss) 

Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest 

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 

$

See accompanying notes. 

46 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
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໿ 

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
(in thousands) 

Fiscal year ended 

June 3, 
2017

May 28, 
 2016 

May 30, 
2015

$

(74,427)   $ 

318,047 $

162,281

49,113  
14,833  
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3,664  
3,427  
—  
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(209)  

(37,222)  
2,386  
(9,491)  
(49,316)  

(29,849)  
251,690  
(85,822)  
—  
(19,900)  
6,586  
(66,657)  
84  
56,132  

44,592

19,392

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(1,563)

3,071

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—

—

21,160

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(8,508)

381,838

(403,204)

292,452

—

—

(33,959)

5,427

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2,860

40,708

5,108

(2,657)

568

2,268

(584)

256

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(143)

6,486

195,330

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146,779

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2,019

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2,499

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(141,632)

(16,510)  
(73)  

(1,715)  
—  
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(11,482)  
29,046  
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(25,290)

(918)

(1,760)

(120,942)

(148,910)

20,379

8,667

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531

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(59,552)

(5,854)

14,521

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317  

166,840 $

1,067

75,533

2,313

$

$

Cash flows from operating activities 
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interests 

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: 

Depreciation and amortization 

Deferred income taxes 

Equity in income of affiliates 

(Gain) loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 

Stock compensation expense, net of amounts paid 

Recovery of note receivable 

Loss on fair value adjustment of contingent consideration 

Other 

Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions: 

(Increase) decrease in receivables and other assets 

(Increase) decrease in inventories 

Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Purchases of investments 

Sales of investments 

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired 

Investment in Southwest Specialty Egg LLC 

Investment in Red River Valley Egg Farm LLC 

Payments received on notes receivable and from investments in affiliates 

Purchases of property, plant and equipment 

Net proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 

Principal payments on long-term debt 

Distributions to noncontrolling interest partners 

(Purchase of) proceeds from common stock by treasury (including tax benefit on nonqualifying 
disposition of incentive stock options) 
Payments of dividends 

Net cash used in financing activities 

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

Supplemental cash flow information: 

Cash paid during the year for: 

Income taxes paid (refunds received), net 

Interest (net of amount capitalized) 

See accompanying notes. 

48 

 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
   
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
June 3, 2017  

1. Significant Accounting Policies 

Principles of Consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“we,” “us,” 
“our,”  or  the  “Company”).   All  significant  intercompany  transactions  and  accounts  have  been  eliminated  in 
consolidation. 

Business 

The Company is principally engaged in the production, processing and distribution of shell eggs. The Company’s 
operations are significantly affected by the market price fluctuation of its principal product, shell eggs, and the costs 
of its principal feed ingredients, corn, soybean meal, and other grains. 

The Company sells shell eggs to a diverse group of customers, including national and local grocery store chains, club 
stores, foodservice distributors, and egg product consumers.  The Company’s sales are primarily in the southeastern, 
southwestern, mid-western and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Credit is extended based upon an evaluation 
of each customer’s financial condition and credit history and generally collateral is not required. Credit losses have 
consistently  been  within  management’s  expectations. Two  customers, Wal-Mart  and  Sam’s  Club,  on  a  combined 
basis,  accounted  for  28.9%, 28.9%  and  25.7%  of  the  Company’s  net  sales  in  fiscal  years  2017,  2016,  and  2015, 
respectively. 

Fiscal Year 

The Company’s fiscal year-end is on the Saturday nearest May 31, which was June 3, 2017 (53 weeks), May 28, 2016 
(52 weeks), and May 30, 2015 (52 weeks) for the most recent three fiscal years.  

Use of Estimates 

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  amounts  reported  in  the 
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Cash Equivalents 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be 
cash equivalents. We maintain bank accounts that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) 
up to $250,000.  At June 3, 2017 and routinely throughout these years, the Company maintained cash balances with 
certain financial institutions in excess of federally insured amounts. The Company has not experienced any losses in 
such  accounts.  The  Company  manages  this  risk  through  maintaining  cash  deposits  and  other  highly  liquid 
investments in high quality financial institutions.  

We primarily utilize a cash management system with a series of separate accounts consisting of lockbox accounts for 
receiving  cash,  concentration  accounts  where  funds  are  moved  to,  and  zero-balance  disbursement  accounts  for 
funding  payroll  and  accounts  payable.  Checks  issued,  but  not  presented  to  the  banks  for  payment,  may  result  in 
negative book cash balances, which are included in accounts payable. At June 3, 2017, and May 28, 2016, checks 
outstanding in excess of related book cash balances totaled $2.0 million and zero, respectively. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Securities 

Our investment securities are accounted for in accordance with ASC 320, “Investments-Debt and Equity Securities” 
(“ASC 320”).  The Company considers all of its investment securities for which there is a determinable fair market 
value and there are no restrictions on the Company's ability to sell within the next 12 months as available-for-sale. 
Available-for-sale  securities  are  carried  at  fair  value,  with  unrealized  gains  and  losses  reported  as  a  separate 
component of stockholders' equity. We had unrealized gains, net of tax, of $473,000 and $363,000 at June 3, 2017 
and May 28, 2016, respectively, which are included in the line item “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), 
net of tax” on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Realized gains and losses are included in other income. The cost basis 
for realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities is determined on the specific identification method. 

At June 3, 2017 and May 28, 2016, we had $138.5 million and $360.5 million, respectively, of current investment 
securities available-for-sale consisting of commercial paper, U.S. government obligations, government agency bonds, 
taxable  municipal  bonds,  tax-exempt  municipal  bonds,  zero  coupon  municipal  bonds  and  corporate  bonds  with 
maturities of three months or longer when purchased. We classified these securities as current, because the amounts 
invested are available for current operations.  At June 3, 2017 and May 28, 2016 we had $2.5 million and $1.9 million, 
respectively, of investments in mutual funds which are considered long term and are a part of “Other Investments” in 
the Consolidated Balance Sheet.  

Investment in Affiliates 

The equity method of accounting is used when the Company has a 20% to 50% interest in other entities or when the 
Company exercises significant influence over the entity. Under the equity method, original investments are recorded 
at cost and adjusted by the Company’s share of undistributed earnings or losses of these entities. Nonmarketable 
investments in which the Company has less than a 20% interest and in which it does not have the ability to exercise 
significant influence over the investee are initially recorded at cost, and periodically reviewed for impairment. 

Trade Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 

Trade receivables are comprised primarily of amounts owed to the Company from customers, which amounted to 
$61.3 million at June 3, 2017 and $62.0 million at May 28, 2016.  They are presented net of an allowance for doubtful 
accounts of $386,000 at June 3, 2017 and $727,000 at May 28, 2016. The Company extends credit to customers based 
upon an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition and credit history. Although credit risks associated with 
our customers are considered minimal, we routinely review our accounts receivable balances and make provisions 
for probable doubtful accounts. In circumstances where management is aware of a specific customer’s inability to 
meet its financial obligations to us (e.g., bankruptcy filings), a reserve is recorded to reduce the receivable to the 
amount expected to be collected. For all other customers, we recognize reserves for bad debt based on the length of 
time the receivables are past due, generally 100% for amounts more than 60 days past due. Collateral is generally not 
required. Credit losses have consistently been within management’s expectations. At both June 3, 2017 and May 28, 
2016 two  customers  accounted  for  approximately  27% and  29% of  the  Company’s  trade  accounts  receivable, 
respectively. 

Inventories 

Inventories of eggs, feed, supplies and livestock are valued principally at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) 
or market. 

The  cost  associated  with  flocks,  consisting  principally  of  chick  purchases,  feed,  labor,  contractor  payments  and 
overhead costs, are accumulated during a growing period of approximately 22 weeks. Flock costs are amortized to 
cost of sales over the productive lives of the flocks, generally one to two years. Flock mortality is charged to cost of 
sales as incurred. 

The Company does not disclose the gross cost and accumulated amortization with respect to its flock inventories 
since this information is not utilized by management in the operation of the Company. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  stated  at  cost.  Depreciation  is  provided  by  the  straight-line  method  over  the 
estimated useful lives, which are 15 to 25 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 12 years for machinery and 
equipment. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that increase the value or productive 
capacity of assets are capitalized. When property, plant, and equipment are retired, sold, or otherwise disposed of, the 
asset’s carrying amount and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is 
included in operations. The Company capitalizes interest cost incurred on funds used to construct property, plant, and 
equipment as part of the asset to which it relates, and is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life. 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets 

The Company reviews the carrying value of long-lived assets, other than goodwill, for impairment whenever events 
and circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows 
expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. In cases where expected future cash flows (undiscounted and 
without interest charges) are less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to an amount by 
which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of assets. The factors considered by management in performing this 
assessment include current operating results, trends and prospects, the manner in which the property is used, and the 
effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factors. 

Intangible Assets 

Included in other intangible assets are separable intangible assets acquired in business acquisitions, which include 
franchise fees, non-compete agreements and customer relationship intangibles, and are amortized over their estimated 
useful lives of 3 to 25 years.   The gross cost and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are removed when 
the recorded amounts have been fully amortized and the asset is no longer in use or the contract has expired.  Included 
in other long-lived assets are loan acquisition costs, which are amortized over the life of the related loan. 

Goodwill 

Goodwill  represents  the  excess  of  the  purchase  price  over  the  fair  value  of  the  identifiable  net  assets  acquired. 
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether a 
quantitative goodwill test is necessary.  After assessing the totality of events or circumstances, if we determine it is 
more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we perform additional 
quantitative tests to determine the magnitude of any impairment. 

Accrued Self Insurance 

We use a combination of insurance and self-insurance mechanisms to provide for the potential liabilities for health 
and  welfare,  workers’  compensation,  auto  liability  and  general liability  risks.  Liabilities  associated  with  our  risks 
retained  are  estimated,  in  part,  by  considering  claims  experience,  demographic  factors,  severity  factors  and  other 
actuarial assumptions. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends 

Cal-Maine pays a dividend to shareholders of its Common Stock and Class A Common Stock on a quarterly basis for 
each quarter for which the Company reports net income computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles in an amount equal to one-third (1/3) of such quarterly income. Dividends are paid to shareholders of record 
as of the 60th day following the last day of such quarter, except for the fourth fiscal quarter.  For the fourth quarter, 
the Company will pay dividends to shareholders of record on the 65th day after the quarter end. Dividends are payable 
on the 15th day following the record date. Following a quarter for which the Company does not report net income, 
the  Company  will  not  pay  a  dividend  for  a  subsequent  profitable  quarter  until  the  Company  is  profitable  on  a 
cumulative basis computed from the date of the last quarter for which a dividend was paid.  Dividends payable, which 
would represent accrued unpaid dividends applicable to the Company's fourth quarter, were zero at June 3, 2017 and 
May 28,  2016.   At June 3,  2017,  cumulative  losses  that  must  be  recovered  prior  to  paying  a  dividend  were  $74.7 
million. 

Treasury Stock 

Treasury stock purchases are accounted for under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is 
recorded as treasury stock.  The grant of restricted stock through the Company’s share-based compensation plans is 
funded through the issuance of treasury stock.  Gains and losses on the subsequent reissuance of shares in accordance 
with the Company’s share-based compensation plans are credited or charged to paid-in capital in excess of par value 
using the average-cost method. 

Revenue Recognition and Delivery Costs 

The Company recognizes revenue only when all of the following criteria have been met: 

•   Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; 
•   Delivery has occurred; 
•   The fee for the arrangement is determinable; and 
•   Collectability is reasonably assured. 

The Company believes the above criteria are met upon delivery and acceptance of the product by our customers. 
Costs  to  deliver  product  to  customers  are  included  in  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  the 
accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and totaled $53.3 million, $49.6 million, and $47.0 million in 
fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.  Sales revenue reported in the accompanying consolidated statements 
of income is reduced to reflect estimated returns and allowances.  The Company records an estimated sales allowance 
for returns and discounts at the time of sale using historical trends based on actual sales returns and sales. 

Sales Incentives provided to Customers 

The Company periodically provides incentive offers to its customers to encourage purchases. Such offers include 
current discount offers (e.g., percentage discounts off current purchases), inducement offers (e.g., offers for future 
discounts subject to a minimum current purchase), and other similar offers. Current discount offers, when accepted 
by customers, are treated as a reduction to the sales price of the related transaction, while inducement offers, when 
accepted  by  customers,  are  treated  as  a  reduction  to  sales  price  based  on  estimated  future  redemption  rates. 
Redemption rates are estimated using the Company’s historical experience for similar inducement offers. Current 
discount and inducement offers are presented as a net amount in ‘‘Net sales.’’ 

Advertising Costs 

The  Company  expensed  advertising  costs  as  incurred  of  $12.1  million,  $10.3  million,  and  $9.3  million  in  fiscal 
2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.   

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income Taxes 

Income taxes are provided using the liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary 
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts 
used for income tax purposes. The Company’s policy with respect to evaluating uncertain tax positions is based upon 
whether management believes it is more likely than not the uncertain tax positions will be sustained upon review by 
the taxing authorities.  The tax positions must meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold with consideration 
given  to  the  amounts  and  probabilities  of  the  outcomes  that  could  be  realized  upon  settlement  using  the  facts, 
circumstances and information at the reporting date.  The Company will reflect only the portion of the tax benefit that 
will  be  sustained  upon  resolution  of  the  position  and  applicable  interest  on  the  portion  of  the  tax  benefit  not 
recognized. The Company shall initially and subsequently measure the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater 
than  50%  likely  of  being realized  upon  settlement  with  a  taxing  authority  that  has  full  knowledge  of  all  relevant 
information.    Based upon management’s assessment, there are no uncertain tax positions expected to have a material 
impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

Stock Based Compensation 

We  account  for  share-based  compensation  in  accordance  with  ASC  718,  “Compensation-Stock  Compensation” 
(“ASC 718”).  ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, 
restricted  stock  and  performance-based  shares  to  be  recognized  in  the  statement  of  operations  based  on  their  fair 
values. ASC 718 requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as 
a financing cash flow.  See Note 11: Stock Compensation Plans for more information. 

Net Income (Loss) per Common Share 

Basic net income per share is based on the weighted average common and Class A shares outstanding. Diluted net 
income per share includes any dilutive effects of stock options outstanding and unvested restricted shares. 

Basic net income per share was calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common and 
Class A shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted net income per share was calculated by dividing net income 
by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the dilutive effects of stock 
options and unvested restricted shares.  Due to the net loss in the year ended June 3, 2017, restricted shares in the 
amount of 131,292 were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would 
have  been  antidilutive.  The  computations  of  basic  net  income  per  share  and  diluted  net  income  per  share  are  as 
follows (in thousands): 

Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 

$

(74,278) $

316,041     $

161,254

June 3, 2017  May 28, 2016    May 30, 2015 

Basic weighted-average common shares (including Class A) 

48,362

48,195    

48,136

Effect of dilutive securities: 
Common stock options and restricted stock 

Dilutive potential common shares 

Net income (loss) per common share: 
Basic 

Diluted 

—

48,362

170    
48,365    

301

48,437

$

$

(1.54) $

(1.54) $

6.56     $

6.53     $

3.35

3.33

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
Contingencies 

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued that may result in a loss to the Company 
but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management 
and  its  legal  counsel  assess  such  contingent  liabilities,  and  such  assessment  inherently  involves  an  exercise  of 
judgment.  In  assessing  loss  contingencies  related  to  legal  proceedings  that  are  pending  against  the  Company  or 
unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits 
of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected 
to be sought therein. 

If the assessment of a contingency indicates it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of 
the liability can be estimated, the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the 
assessment indicates a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable 
but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible 
loss  if  determinable  and  material,  would  be  disclosed.  Loss  contingencies  considered  remote  are  generally  not 
disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed. 

The Company expenses the costs of litigation as they are incurred. 

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards 

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2014-
09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09). The standard provides companies with a single model 
for use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition 
guidance, including industry-specific revenue guidance. The core principle of the model is to recognize revenue when 
control of the goods or services transfers to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected 
to be received for those goods or services.  In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective 
date  of ASU  2014-09  until  annual  reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2017.  Early  adoption  is  not 
permitted.  The  guidance  permits  companies  to  either  apply  the  requirements  retrospectively  to  all  prior  periods 
presented, or apply the requirements in the year of adoption, through a cumulative adjustment. To date the Company’s 
assessments efforts include evaluation of certain revenue contracts with customers and the method of retrospective 
application,  either  full  or  modified.   We  currently  expect  to  utilize  the  full  retrospective  transition  on  date  of 
adoption.  Based on the findings to date, the Company does not expect ASU 2014-09 to have a material impact on 
the results of operations or financial position; however, the Company’s assessment is not complete.  The Company 
plans to complete its review and method of adoption in fiscal 2018. 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases.  The purpose of the standard is to improve transparency 
and comparability related to the accounting and reporting of leasing arrangements.  The guidance will require balance 
sheet recognition for assets and liabilities associated with rights and obligations created by leases with terms greater 
than twelve months.  ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and 
interim periods within those annual periods.  Early adoption is permitted.  Based on the findings to date, the Company 
does not expect ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on the results of operations or financial position; however, 
the Company’s assessment is not complete. 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Compensation Accounting. 
ASU 2016-09 requires recording excess tax benefits on the statement of operations as opposed to additional paid-in-
capital, and treated as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 also allows companies to 
make an accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for 
forfeitures when they occur. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 
2017 with early adoption permitted.  The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 and 
it did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statement presentation. 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes step 
2 from the goodwill impairment test. As a result, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment 
test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and should recognize an impairment 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting units' fair value. The guidance is effective 
for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, our fiscal 2021. 
Early adoption is permitted for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 
1, 2017, and the prospective transition method should be applied. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to 
have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

Reclassification 

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current presentation.  Such reclassifications had 
no impact on previously reported net income or shareholders' equity. 

2.  Acquisition 

Foodonics Acquisition 

On  October  16,  2016,  the  Company  acquired  substantially  all  of  the  egg  production  assets  and  assumed  certain 
liabilities of Foodonics International, Inc. and its related entities doing business as Dixie Egg Company (collectively, 
"Foodonics")  for  $68.6  million  of  cash and  $3.0  million  of deferred  purchase  price.   The  acquired  assets  include 
commercial  egg  production  and  processing  facilities  with  capacity  for  1.6  million  laying  hens,  contract  grower 
arrangements for an additional 1.5 million laying hens, and related feed production, milling and distribution facilities 
in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida.  The Company also acquired Foodonics' interest in American Egg Products, LLC 
("AEP") and the Eggland's Best franchise with licensing rights for certain markets in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia 
as well as Puerto Rico, Bahamas and Cuba.  The Company now owns 100% of AEP.  The acquired operations of 
Foodonics are included in the accompanying financial statements as of October 16, 2016. 

The following table presents the final fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands): 

Inventory 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Liabilities assumed 

Total identifiable net assets 
Goodwill 

Purchase price 
Deferred purchase price 

Cash consideration paid 

$

$

7,669 
38,590 
24,000 
(2,034) 
68,225 
3,389 
71,614 
(3,000) 
68,614 

Happy Hen Acquisition 

On February 19, 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the egg production, processing and distribution 
assets of Happy Hen Egg Farms, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively, "Happy Hen").  The assets include commercial 
egg  production  and  processing  facilities  with  current  capacity  for  350,000  laying  hens  and  related  distribution 
facilities located near Harwood and Wharton, Texas.  The site is designed for capacity of up to 1.2 million laying 
hens.  The operations of Happy Hen are included in the accompanying financial statements as of February 19, 2017.  
The Company closed this acquisition on March 3, 2017. 

The following table presents the final fair values of the assets acquired (in thousands): 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inventory 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 

Total identifiable net assets 
Goodwill 

Cash consideration paid 

$

$

609 
11,259 
2,400 
14,268 
2,940 
17,208 

These fair value measurements were primarily based on significant inputs that are not observable in the markets.  The 
cost approach, which estimates value by determining the current cost of replacing an asset with another of equivalent 
economic utility, was utilized for certain property, plant and equipment.  The cost to replace given assets reflects the 
estimated reproduction or replacement cost of the asset, less an allowance for loss in value due to depreciation.  The 
market approach, which indicates value for a subject asset based on available market pricing for comparable assets, 
was utilized for inventory and the Eggland's Best franchise of Foodonics.  The cost of the Eggland's Best franchise 
will be amortized over a period of 15 years.  Customer relationships and trademarks will be amortized over a period 
of 8 years. Non-compete agreements will be amortized over a period of 10 years. Goodwill on business combination 
recognizes the difference in the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net of the acquisition price.  
Goodwill associated with the acquisition is tax deductible over 15 years. 

Pro-forma information, which is usually presented for information purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of 
the results of operations that actually would have been achieved had the acquisition been completed as of an earlier 
time, was not material to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. 

3.  Investment in Affiliates 

The Company has several in non-consolidated affiliates that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.  
As of June 3, 2017, the Company owns 50% of each of Red River Valley Egg Farm, LLC, Specialty Eggs, LLC, 
Southwest  Specialty,  LLC,  and  Dallas  Reinsurance,  Co.,  LTD.   Investment  in  affiliates  are  included  in  “Other 
Investments” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $62.8 million and $47.5 million at June 3, 
2017 and at May 28, 2016, respectively.  

Equity in income of affiliates of $1.4 million, $5.0 million, and $2.7 million from these entities has been included in 
the Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. 

The condensed consolidated financial information for the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures was as follows: 

Net sales 
Net income 
Total assets 
Total liabilities 
Total equity 

June 3, 2017 

For the fiscal year ended 
May 28, 2016 

  May 30, 2015 

86,072
2,804
131,871
6,543
125,328

91,320   
10,090   
100,700   
5,697   
95,003   

61,632
5,323
30,739
4,659
26,080

The Company is also a member of Eggland’s Best, Inc. (“EB”), which is a cooperative.  At June 3, 2017 and May 28, 
2016,  “Other  Investments”  as  shown  on  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  includes  the  cost  of  the 
Company’s investment in EB plus any qualified written allocations.  The Company cannot exert significant influence 
over  EB’s  operating  and  financial  activities;  therefore,  the  Company  accounts  for  this  investment  using  the  cost 
method.   The carrying value of this investment at June 3, 2017 and May 28, 2016 was $2.9 million and $3.5 million, 
respectively. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company regularly transacts business with its cost and equity method affiliates. The following relates to the 
Company’s transactions with these unconsolidated affiliates (in thousands): 

໿ 

Sales to affiliates 
Purchases from affiliates 
Dividends from affiliates 

Accounts receivable from affiliates 
Accounts payable to affiliates 

4.  Inventories 

June 3, 2017 

For the fiscal year ended 
May 28, 2016 

May 30, 2015 

$

59,073 $
73,713
6,581

61,094    $ 
79,419   
4,550   

46,989
62,659
1,250

June 3, 2017 

May 28, 2016 

$

4,643    $ 
3,617   

3,483
1,464

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands): 

໿ 

Flocks, net of accumulated amortization 
Eggs 
Feed and supplies 

June 3, 2017 
$98,059 
14,911 
47,722 

$160,692 

May 28, 2016 
$94,312 
11,519 
48,968 

$154,799 

We grow and maintain flocks of layers (mature female chickens), pullets (female chickens, under 18 weeks of age), 
and breeders (male and female chickens used to produce fertile eggs to hatch for egg production flocks).  Our total 
flock at June 3, 2017, consisted of approximately 9.5 million pullets and breeders and 36.1 million layers.  

The  Company  expensed  amortization  and  mortality  associated  with  the  flocks  to  cost  of  sales  as  follows  (in 
thousands): 

໿ 

໿ 

Amortization 
Mortality 
Total flock costs charge to cost of sales 

໿ 

໿ 

5.  Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets 

$

$

June 3, 2017  May 28, 2016    May 30, 2015 
108,570
3,803
112,373

106,459    $
3,665   
110,124    $

118,859 $
5,213
124,072 $

Goodwill and other intangibles consisted of the following (in thousands): 

໿ 

Franchise 

  Customer 

Non-
compete 

Right of use 

Other Intangibles 

  Goodwill 

rights 

relationships 

agreements 

intangible 

Balance May 30, 2015 

  $ 

Additions 

Amortization 

Balance May 28, 2016 

Additions 

Amortization 

Balance June 3, 2017 

  $ 

29,196   $ 
—  
—  
29,196  
6,329  
—  
35,525   $ 

870    $
—   
(473 )  
397   
24,000   
(1,183 )  
23,214    $

5,773 $

48 $

149 $

—

(2,088)

3,685

1,900

(925)

—

(20)

28

100

(24)

—

(21)

128

—

(62)

4,660 $

104 $

66 $

Water 

rights 

Total other 

  Trademark 

intangibles 

720   $ 
—  
—  
720  
—  
—  
720   $ 

— $

—

—

—

400

(15)

385 $

7,560

—

(2,602)

4,958

26,400

(2,209)

29,149

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Other Intangibles  listed above,  the gross carrying amounts and accumulated  amortization are as 
follows (in thousands): 

໿ 

໿ 

Other intangible assets: 

Franchise rights 
Customer relationships 
Non-compete agreements 
Right of use intangible 
Water rights * 
Trademark 

Total 

June 3, 2017 

May 28, 2016 

  Gross carrying

amount 

Accumulated
amortization 

Gross carrying 
amount 

Accumulated
amortization 

  $ 

  $ 

29,284 $
19,544
200
191
720
400
50,339 $

(6,070) $
(14,884)
(96)
(125)
—
(15)
(21,190) $

5,284    $ 
17,644   
100   
191   
720   
—   
23,939    $ 

(4,887)
(13,959)
(72)
(63)
—
—
(18,981)

*  

 Water rights are an indefinite life intangible asset. 

No significant residual value is estimated for these intangible assets. Aggregate amortization expense for 
the  fiscal  years  ended  2017,  2016,  and  2015  totaled  $2.2  million,  $2.6  million,  and  $2.9  million, 
respectively. The following table represents the total estimated amortization of intangible assets for the five 
succeeding years (in thousands): 

໿ 

For fiscal period 

Estimated amortization expense

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Thereafter 

Total 

໿ 

໿ 

໿ 

6. Property, Plant and Equipment 

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): 

Land and improvements 
Buildings and improvements 
Machinery and equipment 
Construction-in-progress 

Less: accumulated depreciation 

$ 

$ 

2,818
2,790
2,765
2,228
1,864
15,964

28,429

June 3, 
 2017 

May 28, 
2016

$

$

87,276     $
342,933    
460,218    
36,752    
927,179    
468,995    
458,184     $

80,775
291,888
399,804
50,178

822,645
430,371
392,274

Depreciation  expense  was  $48.8  million,  $41.4  million  and  $37.3  million  in  fiscal  years  2017,  2016  and  2015, 
respectively. 

The Company maintains insurance for both property damage and business interruption relating to catastrophic events, 
such as fires.  Insurance recoveries received for property damage and business interruption in excess of the net book 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
value of damaged assets, clean-up and demolition costs, and post-event costs are recognized as income in the period 
received  or  committed  when  all  contingencies  associated  with  the  recoveries  are  resolved.  Gains  on  insurance 
recoveries  related  to  business  interruption  are  recorded  within  “Cost  of  sales”  and  any  gains  or  losses  related  to 
property damage are recorded within “Other income (expense).” Insurance recoveries related to business interruption 
are classified as operating cash flows and recoveries related to property damage are classified as investing cash flows 
in the statement of cash flows.  Insurance claims incurred or finalized during the fiscal years ended 2017, 2016, and 
2015 are discussed below. 

In the second quarter of fiscal 2015, a contract producer owned pullet complex in Florida was damaged by fire.  The 
fire destroyed two contract producer owned pullet houses that contained the Company’s flocks.  In the third quarter 
of fiscal 2015, the Company’s Shady Dale, Georgia complex was damaged by a fire.  The fire destroyed two pullet 
houses.  These claims were resolved in fiscal 2016 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of 
operations. 

7.  Leases 

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable terms 
in excess of one year at June 3, 2017 are as follows (in thousands): 

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Total minimum lease payments 

  $ 

  $ 

502
208
162
160
150
1,182

Substantially all of the leases require the Company to pay taxes, maintenance, insurance and certain other operating 
expenses applicable to the leased assets.  Vehicle rent expense totaled $475,000, $190,000 and $101,000 in fiscal 
2017,  2016 and 2015, respectively. Rent expense excluding vehicle rent was $3.5 million, $3.9 million, and $3.0 
million  in  fiscal  2017,  2016  and  2015,  respectively,  primarily  for  the  lease  of  certain  operating  facilities  and 
equipment.   

8.  Credit Facilities and Long-Term Debt 

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands except interest rate and installment data): 

Note payable at 6.20%, due in monthly principal installments of $250,000, plus interest, 

maturing in fiscal 2020 

Note payable at 6.35%, due in monthly principal installments of $100,000, plus interest, paid 

off in fiscal 2017 

Note payable at 5.40%, due in monthly principal installments of $125,000, plus interest, 

maturing in fiscal 2019 

Note payable at 6.40%, due in monthly principal installments of $35,000, plus interest, paid off 

in fiscal 2017 

Capital lease obligations 

Total debt 
Less: current maturities 

June 3, 
 2017 

May 28,
 2016 

  $ 

7,500 $

10,500

—

9,100

1,750

3,250

—

1,689

10,939
4,826

2,720

—

25,570
16,320

Long-term debt, less current maturities 

  $ 

6,113 $

9,250

໿ 

59 

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The aggregate annual fiscal year maturities of long-term debt at June 3, 2017 are as follows (in thousands): 

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Thereafter 

$

$

4,826
3,533
1,696
205
215
464
10,939

Certain property, plant, and equipment is pledged as collateral on our notes payable and senior secured notes. Unless 
otherwise approved by our lenders, we are required by provisions of our loan agreements to (1) maintain minimum 
levels of working capital (ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1) and net worth (minimum of $90.0 million tangible net worth, 
plus 45% of cumulative net income); (2) limit dividends paid in any given quarter to not exceed an amount equal to 
one third of the previous quarter’s consolidated net income (allowed if no events of default), (3) maintain minimum 
total funded debt to total capitalization (debt to total tangible capitalization not to exceed 55%); and (4) maintain 
various  current  and  cash-flow  coverage  ratios  (1.25  to  1),  among  other  restrictions. At  June 3,  2017,  we  were  in 
compliance with the financial covenant requirements of all loan agreements. Under certain of the loan agreements, 
the lenders have the option to require the prepayment of any outstanding borrowings in the event we undergo a change 
in  control,  as  defined  in  the  applicable  loan  agreement.  Our  debt  agreements  require  Fred  R.  Adams,  Jr.,  the 
Company’s Founder and Chairman Emeritus, or his family, to maintain ownership of Company shares representing 
not less than 50% of the outstanding voting power of the Company.  We are in compliance with those covenants at 
June 3, 2017. 

Interest, net of amount capitalized, of $317,000, $1.1 million, and $2.3 million was paid during fiscal 2017, 2016 and 
2015, respectively.  Interest of $1.1 million, $1.1 million and $1.2 million was capitalized for construction of certain 
facilities during fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

9.  Employee Benefit Plans 

The Company maintains a medical plan that is qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and is 
not subject to tax under present income tax laws.  The plan is funded by contributions from the Company and its 
employees.  Under  its  plan,  the  Company  self-insures  its  portion  of  medical  claims  for  substantially  all  full-time 
employees.  The  Company  uses  stop-loss  insurance  to  limit  its  portion  of  medical  claims  to  $225,000  per 
occurrence.  The Company's expenses including accruals for incurred but not reported claims were approximately 
$14.0  million,  $11.8  million,  and  $9.6  million  in  fiscal  years  2017, 2016  and  2015,  respectively.  The  liability 
recorded for incurred but not reported claims was $900,000 as of June 3, 2017 and $770,000 as of May 28, 2016. 

The  Company  has  a  KSOP  plan  that  covers  substantially  all  employees  (“the  Plan”).  The  Company  makes  cash 
contributions to the Plan at a rate of 3% of participants' eligible compensation, plus an additional amount determined 
at the discretion of the Board of Directors.  Contributions can be made in cash or the Company's common stock, and 
vest immediately.   The Company's cash contributions to the Plan were $3.2 million, $2.9 million, and $2.8 million 
in fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company did not make direct contributions of the Company’s 
common stock in fiscal years 2017, 2016, or 2015. Dividends on the Company’s common stock are paid to the Plan 
in cash.  The Plan acquires the Company’s common stock, which is listed on the NASDAQ, by using the dividends 
and the Company’s cash contribution to purchase shares in the public markets.  The Plan sold common stock on the 
NASDAQ to pay benefits to Plan participants.  Participants may make contributions to the Plan up to the maximum 
allowed by the Internal Revenue Service regulations.  The Company does not match participant contributions. 

The Company has deferred compensation agreements with certain officers for payments to be made over specified 
periods beginning when the officers reach age 65 or over as specified in the agreements.  Amounts accrued for the 
agreements  are  based  upon  deferred  compensation  earned  over  the  estimated  remaining  service  period  of  each 
officer.  Payments made under the plan were $110,000, $102,000, and $97,000 in fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, 
respectively.  The liability recorded related to these agreements was $1.6 million at June 3, 2017 and May 28, 2016.  

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In December 2006, the Company adopted an additional deferred compensation plan to provide deferred compensation 
to named officers of the Company.  The awards issued under this plan were $290,000, $284,000, and $241,000 in 
fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  Payments made under the plan were $147,000 and $128,000 in fiscal 2017 
and 2016, respectively.  The liability recorded related to these agreements was $2.5 million and $1.9 million at June 3, 
2017 and May 28, 2016, respectively. 

Deferred compensation expense for both plans totaled $616,000, $347,000 and $470,000 in fiscal 2017, 2016 and 
2015, respectively. 

Postretirement Medical Plan 

The  Company  maintains  an  unfunded  postretirement  medical  plan  to  provide  limited  health  benefits  to  certain 
qualified retired employees and officers.  Retired non-officers and spouses are eligible for coverage until attainment 
of Medicare eligibility, at which time coverage ceases.  Retired officers and spouses are eligible for lifetime benefits 
under the plan.  Officers and their spouses, who retired prior to May 1, 2012, must participate in Medicare Plans A 
and B.  Officers, and their spouses, who retire on or after May 1, 2012 must participate in Medicare Plans A, B, and 
D. 

The plan is accounted for in accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits”, whereby an employer 
recognizes the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability, and recognizes changes 
in  the  funded  status  in  the  year  the  change  occurs  through  comprehensive  income.  Additionally,  this  expense  is 
recognized on an accrual basis over the employees’ approximate period of employment. The liability associated with 
the  plan  was  $2.3  million  and  $1.8  million  as  of  June 3,  2017  and  May 28,  2016,  respectively.  The  remaining 
disclosures associated with ASC 715 are immaterial to the Company’s financial statements. 

10.  Stock Compensation Plans 

On October  5, 2012, shareholders approved the Cal-Maine Foods,  Inc. 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan 
(“2012 Plan”). The purpose of the 2012 Plan is to assist us and our subsidiaries in attracting and retaining selected 
individuals who, serving as our employees, outside directors and consultants, are expected to contribute to our success 
and to achieve long-term objectives which will benefit our shareholders through the additional incentives inherent in 
the awards under the 2012 Plan. The maximum number of shares of common stock that are available for awards under 
the 2012 Plan is 1,000,000 shares issuable from the Company’s treasury stock.  Awards may be granted under the 
2012 Plan to any employee, any non-employee member of the Company’s Board of Directors, and any consultant 
who is a natural person and provides services to us or one of our subsidiaries (except for incentive stock options 
which may be granted only to our employees). 

In January 2017, the Company granted 86,215 restricted shares from treasury.  The restricted shares vest three years 
from the grant date, or upon death or disability, change in control, or retirement (subject to certain requirements). The 
restricted shares contain no other service or performance conditions.  Restricted stock is awarded in the name of the 
recipient and except for the right of disposal, constitutes issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common 
receive 
the  period  of 
stock 
dividends.  Compensation expense is a fixed amount based on the grant date closing price and is amortized over the 
vesting period.  

for  all  corporate  purposes  during 

restriction 

including 

right 

the 

to 

Our unrecognized compensation expense as a result of non-vested shares was $5.9 million as of June 3, 2017 and $5.6 
million  as  of  May 28,  2016.  The  unrecognized  compensation  expense  will  be  amortized  to  stock  compensation 
expense over a period of 2.1 years. 

The  Company  recognized  stock  compensation  expense  of  $3.4  million,  $1.7  million,  and  $2.3  million  for  equity 
awards in fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of our equity award activity and related information for our restricted stock is as follows: 

Outstanding, May 30, 2015 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Outstanding, May 28, 2016 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Outstanding, June 3, 2017 

Number 
of 
Shares 

Weighted 
Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value 

335,140    $ 
78,560   
(122,140)  
(2,660)  
288,900    $ 
86,215   
(121,148)  
(6,232)  
247,735    $ 

27.24
49.39
20.76
31.29
35.97
43.00
26.90
39.66
42.76

On July 28, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. Stock Appreciation Rights 
Plan  (the  "Rights  Plan").  The  Rights  Plan  covers  2,000,000  shares  of  Common  Stock  of  the  Company.  Stock 
Appreciation Rights ("SARs") were granted to employees or non-employee members of the Board of Directors. Upon 
exercise of a SAR, the holder received cash equal to the difference between the fair market value of a single share of 
Common Stock at the time of exercise and the strike price which is equal to the fair market value of a single share of 
Common Stock on the date of the grant. The SARs had a ten year term and vested over five years. The last remaining 
SARs were exercised during fiscal 2016 which effectively terminated this plan. 

A summary of our liability award activity and related information is as follows: 

Outstanding, May 30, 2015 
Granted 
Exercised 
Forfeited 

Outstanding, May 28, 2016 

Weighted 

Average 

Weighted 

Average 

Remaining 

Aggregate 

Strike Price 

Contractual 

Per Right 

Life (in Years) 

Intrinsic 

Value 

3.40  
—  
3.40  
—  

—

—   $

—

Number 

Of 

Rights 

26,900 $

—

(26,900)

—

— $

Total payments for liability awards exercised totaled zero, $1.4 million, and $373,000 for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, 
respectively. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
11.  Income Taxes 

Income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following: 

Current: 
Federal 
State 

Deferred: 
Federal 
State 

June 3, 
2017

Fiscal year ended 

May 28, 
2016

May 30, 
2015

  $

  $

(48,030) $
(6,670)

(54,700)

13,076
1,757

14,833
(39,867) $

132,250    $ 
17,560   
149,810   

17,096   
2,296   
19,392   
169,202    $ 

70,900
8,260

79,160

4,503
605

5,108
84,268

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets were as follows: 

Deferred tax liabilities: 

Property, plant and equipment 
Inventories 
Investment in affiliates 
Other comprehensive income 
Other 

Total deferred tax liabilities 

Deferred tax assets: 
Accrued expenses 
Other 

Total deferred tax assets 
Net deferred tax liabilities 

June 3, 
 2017 

May 28, 
2016

68,830     $
38,270    
8,563    
290    
4,656    
120,609    

4,308    
6,019    
10,327    
110,282     $

60,998
39,068
1,438
223
4,343

106,070

3,374
7,314

10,688
95,382

$

$

The differences between income tax expense (benefit) at the Company’s effective income tax rate and income tax 
expense at the statutory federal income tax rate were as follows: 

໿ 

Statutory federal income tax (benefit) 
State income tax (benefit) 
Domestic manufacturers deduction 
Tax exempt interest income 
Other, net 

Fiscal year end 

June 3, 
2017

May 28, 
 2016 

May 30, 
2015

$

(39,950)   $ 
(3,193)  
4,095  
(206)  
(613)  

169,835 $
12,906
(13,332)
(233)
26

$

(39,867)   $ 

169,202 $

85,933
5,762
(7,308)
(184)
65

84,268

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
We had no significant unrecognized tax benefits at June 3, 2017 or at May 28, 2016. Accordingly, we do not have any 
accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. However, if interest or penalties were to be incurred 
related to uncertain tax positions, such amounts would be recognized in income tax expense. 

We are under a limited scope audit by the IRS for the fiscal years 2013 through 2015.   We are subject to income tax 
in many jurisdictions within the U.S., and certain jurisdictions are under audit by state and local tax authorities.  The 
resolutions of these audits are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial statements.  Tax periods for 
all years after fiscal year 2013 remain open to examination by the federal and state taxing jurisdictions to which we 
are subject. 

12. Contingencies 

Financial Instruments 

The Company maintains standby letters of credit (“LOC”) with a bank totaling $3.7 million at June 3, 2017.  These 
LOCs are collateralized with cash. The cash that collateralizes the LOCs is included in the line item “Other assets” 
in the consolidated balance sheets.  The outstanding LOCs are for the benefit of certain insurance companies. None 
of the LOCs are recorded as a liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Litigation 

The Company is a defendant in certain legal actions, and intends to vigorously defend its position in these actions. 
The Company assesses the likelihood of material adverse judgments or outcomes to the extent losses are reasonably 
estimable.  If the assessment of a contingency indicates it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the 
amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated, the estimated liability is accrued in the Company’s financial 
statements.  If  the  assessment  indicates  a  potentially  material  loss  contingency  is  not  probable,  but  is  reasonably 
possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate 
of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed. 

Egg Antitrust Litigation 

Since September 25, 2008, the Company has been named as one of several defendants in numerous antitrust cases 
involving the United States shell egg industry.  In some of these cases, the named plaintiffs allege that they purchased 
eggs or egg products directly from a defendant and have sued on behalf of themselves and a putative class of others 
who claim to be similarly situated.  In other cases, the named plaintiffs allege that they purchased shell eggs and egg 
products directly from one or more of the defendants but sue only for their own alleged damages and not on behalf 
of a putative class.  In the remaining cases, the named plaintiffs are individuals or companies who allege that they 
purchased shell eggs indirectly from one or more of the defendants - that is, they purchased from retailers that had 
previously purchased from defendants or other parties - and have sued on behalf of themselves and a putative class 
of others who claim to be similarly situated. 

The Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation consolidated all of the putative class actions (as well as certain other 
cases in which the Company was not a named defendant) for pretrial proceedings in the United States District Court 
for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. The  Pennsylvania  court  organized  the  putative  class  actions  around  two 
groups (direct purchasers and indirect purchasers) and named interim lead counsel for the named plaintiffs in each 
group. 

The Direct Purchaser Putative Class Action. The direct purchaser putative class cases were consolidated into In re: 
Processed  Egg  Products Antitrust  Litigation,  No.  2:08-md-02002-GP,  in  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. As  previously  reported,  in  November  2014,  the  Court  approved  the  Company’s 
settlement with the direct purchaser plaintiff class and entered final judgment dismissing with prejudice the class 
members’ claims against the Company. 

The Indirect Purchaser Putative Class Action.  The indirect purchaser putative class cases were consolidated into In 
re: Processed Egg Products Antitrust Litigation, No. 2:08-md-02002-GP, in the United States District Court for the 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania.   On April  20-21,  2015,  the  Court  held  an  evidentiary  hearing  on  the  indirect 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
purchaser plaintiffs’ motion for class certification.  On September 18, 2015, the Court denied the indirect purchaser 
plaintiffs’ motion for class certification of 21 separate classes seeking damages under the laws of 21 states, holding 
that the plaintiffs were not able to prove that their purported method for ascertaining class membership was reliable 
or administratively feasible, that common questions would predominate, or that their proposed class approach would 
be manageable in a single trial.  In addition to barring any right to pursue a class monetary remedy under state law, 
the Court also denied indirect purchaser plaintiffs’ request for certification of an injunctive-relief class under federal 
law. However, the court allowed the indirect purchaser plaintiffs to renew their motion for class certification seeking 
a  federal  injunction. The  plaintiffs  filed  their  renewed  motion  to  certify  an  injunctive-relief  class  on  October  23, 
2015. The Company joined the other defendants in opposing that motion on November 20.  The plaintiffs filed their 
reply memorandum on December 11, 2015, and on March 7, 2017, the Court heard arguments on the renewed motion 
for injunctive class certification. On June 27, 2017, the Court denied plaintiffs’ renewed motion for injunctive class 
certification.  The plaintiffs also filed a petition with the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, asking 
the  court  to  hear  an  immediate  appeal  of  the  trial  court’s  denial  of  the  motion  to  certify  21  state-law  damages 
classes. On December 3, 2015, the Third Circuit entered an order staying its consideration of the plaintiffs’ request 
for an immediate appeal of the damages-class ruling pending the trial court’s resolution of the plaintiffs’ renewed 
motion to certify an injunctive-relief class.  On July 11, 2017 the plaintiffs filed a petition with the Third Circuit 
asking  the  court  to  hear  an  appeal  of  the  June  27  order  denying  plaintiffs’  renewed  motion  for  injunctive  class 
certification.    On  July  21,  2017,  the  Company  joined  other  defendants  in  a  response  filed  with  the Third  Circuit 
opposing the plaintiffs' petition. 

The Non-Class Cases. Six of the cases in which plaintiffs do not seek to certify a class have been consolidated with 
the  putative  class  actions  into  In  re:  Processed  Egg  Products Antitrust  Litigation, No.  2:08-md-02002-GP,  in  the 
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The court granted with prejudice the defendants’ 
renewed motion to dismiss the non-class plaintiffs’ claims for damages arising before September 24, 2004. On July 
2, 2015, the Company filed and joined several motions for summary judgment that sought either dismissal of all of 
the claims in all of these cases or, in the alternative, dismissal of portions of these cases. On July 2, 2015, the non-
class  plaintiffs  filed  a  motion  for  summary  judgment  seeking  dismissal  of  certain  affirmative  defenses  based  on 
statutory immunities from federal antitrust law. The Court heard oral argument on the motions for summary judgment 
on February 22 and 23, 2016. On September 6, 2016, the Court granted the defendants’ motion for summary judgment 
against the plaintiffs’ claims arising from their purchases of egg products, dismissing those claims with prejudice.  On 
September 9, 2016, the Court granted in part the Company’s motion for summary judgment on liability, dismissing 
as a matter of law the plaintiffs’ allegations of a side agreement to cease construction of new facilities and ruling that 
the plaintiffs’ allegations against United Egg Producers (UEP) animal-welfare guidelines must be evaluated at trial 
under  the  rule  of  reason.  On  September  12,  2016,  the  Court  granted  in  part  the  Company’s  motion  for  summary 
judgment on damages, ruling that plaintiffs cannot recover damages on purchases of eggs from non-defendants and 
cannot recover any relief on eggs and egg products produced or sold in Arizona after October 1, 2009, the date that 
Arizona mandated that all eggs sold or produced in that state must be produced in compliance with the 2008 version 
of the UEP animal-welfare guidelines. On September 13, 2016, the Court granted in part the plaintiffs’ motion for 
summary judgment as to the applicability of the Capper-Volstead defense, ruling that United States Egg Marketers 
(an industry cooperative of which the Company is a member) may invoke the defense at trial but that UEP (another 
industry cooperative of which the Company is a member) cannot.  The Capper-Volstead defense is a defense pursuant 
to the Capper-Volstead Act (the Co-operative Marketing Associations Act), enacted by Congress in 1922, which gives 
certain  associations  of  farmers  certain  exemptions  from  antitrust  laws.  On  October  4,  2016,  certain  direct  action 
plaintiffs (Kraft Food Global, Inc., General Mills, Inc., Nestle USA, Inc., and The Kellogg Company) filed an appeal 
to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from the District Court’s Order dated September 6, 2016, 
granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment and dismissing with prejudice all claims based on the purchase 
of egg products. These plaintiffs filed their opening brief on March 7, 2017.  The defendants filed their response brief 
on April 20.  These plaintiffs filed their reply brief on May 18.  The court of appeals heard oral argument on July 11, 
2017, but has not issued a ruling.  On November 22, 2016, the non-class plaintiffs filed a motion asking the Court to 
hold a status conference and asking the court to set the non-class cases for trial in June of 2017. The parties in all of 
the remaining class and non-class cases submitted several different proposed trial schedules to the court, and a status 
conference was held on February 9, 2017.  A trial date has not yet been set. 

Allegations in Each Case. In all of the cases described above, the plaintiffs allege that the Company and certain other 
large domestic egg producers conspired to reduce the domestic supply of eggs in a concerted effort to raise the price 

65 

 
 
 
of eggs to artificially high levels. In each case, plaintiffs allege that all defendants agreed  to reduce the domestic 
supply of eggs by: (a) agreeing to limit production; (b) manipulating egg exports; and (c) implementing industry-
wide animal welfare guidelines that reduced the number of hens and eggs. 

The named plaintiffs in the remaining indirect purchaser putative class action seek treble damages under the statutes 
and common-law of various states and injunctive relief under the Sherman Act on behalf of themselves and all other 
putative class members in the United States. Although plaintiffs allege a class period starting in October, 2006 and 
running “through the present,” the Court denied the plaintiffs’ motion to certify classes seeking damages under the 
laws of 21 states and denied without prejudice the plaintiffs’ motion to certify an injunctive-relief class, although the 
plaintiffs have filed a renewed motion to certify an injunctive-relief class, as discussed above. 

Five of the original six non-class cases remain pending against the Company. The principal plaintiffs in these cases 
are: The  Kroger  Co.;  Publix  Super  Markets,  Inc.;  SUPERVALU,  Inc.;  Safeway,  Inc.; Albertsons  LLC;  H.E.  Butt 
Grocery Co.; The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc.; Walgreen Co.; Hy-Vee, Inc.; and Giant Eagle, Inc.  In 
four of these remaining non-class cases, the plaintiffs seek treble damages and injunctive relief under the Sherman 
Act.  In one of those four cases, the plaintiffs purchased only egg products, and as noted above, the Court dismissed 
with prejudice all claims arising from the purchase of egg products.  On October 4, 2016, the four plaintiffs in that 
case  (Kraft  Food  Global,  Inc.,  General  Mills,  Inc.,  Nestle  USA,  Inc.,  and  The  Kellogg  Company)  appealed  that 
decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.  In the fifth remaining non-class case, the plaintiff 
seeks treble damages and injunctive relief under the Sherman Act and the Ohio antitrust act (known as the Valentine 
Act). 

The  Pennsylvania  court  has  entered  a  series  of  orders  related  to  case  management,  discovery,  class  certification, 
summary judgment, and scheduling.  The Court has also denied all four motions that the plaintiffs filed to exclude 
testimony from certain expert witnesses retained by the defendants. The Pennsylvania court has not set a trial date for 
any of the Company’s remaining consolidated cases (non-class and indirect purchaser cases).  As noted above, the 
court held a hearing on the parties’ proposed trial schedules but has not yet set a trial date. 

The Company intends to continue to defend the remaining cases as vigorously as possible based on defenses which 
the Company believes are meritorious and provable.  While management believes that the likelihood of a material 
adverse outcome in the overall egg antitrust litigation has been significantly reduced as a result of the settlements and 
rulings described above, there is still a reasonable possibility of a material adverse outcome in the remaining egg 
antitrust litigation. At the present time, however, it is not possible to estimate the amount of monetary exposure, if 
any, to the Company because of these cases. Accordingly, adjustments, if any, which might result from the resolution 
of these remaining legal matters, have not been reflected in the financial statements. 

State of Oklahoma Watershed Pollution Litigation 

On June 18, 2005, the State of Oklahoma filed suit, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of 
Oklahoma, against Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Tyson Foods, Inc. and affiliates, Cobb-Vantress, Inc., Cargill, Inc. and 
its affiliate, George’s, Inc. and its affiliate, Peterson Farms, Inc. and Simmons Foods, Inc. The State of Oklahoma 
claims  that  through  the  disposal  of  chicken  litter  the  defendants  have  polluted  the  Illinois  River Watershed. This 
watershed provides water to eastern Oklahoma. The complaint seeks injunctive relief and monetary damages, but the 
claim for monetary damages has been dismissed by the court. Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. discontinued operations in the 
watershed. Accordingly, we do not anticipate that Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. will be materially affected by the request 
for injunctive relief unless the court orders substantial affirmative remediation. Since the litigation began, Cal-Maine 
Foods,  Inc.  purchased  100%  of  the  membership  interests  of  Benton  County  Foods,  LLC,  which  is  an  ongoing 
commercial shell egg operation within the Illinois River Watershed. Benton County Foods, LLC is not a defendant in 
the litigation. 

The trial in the case began in September 2009 and concluded in February 2010. The case was tried to the court without 
a jury and the court has not yet issued its ruling. Management believes the risk of material loss related to this matter 
to be remote. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Florida Civil Investigative Demand 

On November 4, 2008, the Company received an antitrust civil investigative demand from the Attorney General of 
the  State  of  Florida. The  demand  seeks  production  of  documents  and  responses  to  interrogatories  relating  to  the 
production and sale of eggs and egg products. The Company is cooperating with this investigation and has, on three 
occasions,  entered  into  an  agreement  with  the  State  of  Florida  tolling  the  statute  of  limitations  applicable  to  any 
supposed claims the State is investigating. No allegations of wrongdoing have been made against the Company in 
this matter. 

Other Matters 

In addition to the above, the Company is involved in various other claims and litigation incidental to its business. 
Although the outcome of these matters cannot be determined with certainty, management, upon the advice of counsel, 
is of the opinion that the final outcome should not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of 
operations or financial position. 

At this time, it is not possible for us to predict the ultimate outcome of the matters set forth above. 

13.   Description of Rights and Privileges of Capital Stock—Capital Structure Consists of Common Stock and 
Class A Common Stock 

The Company has two classes of capital stock: Common Stock and Class A Common Stock. Holders of shares of the 
Company’s capital stock vote as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, with each share 
of Common Stock entitled to one vote and each share of Class A Common Stock entitled to ten votes. The Common 
Stock and Class A Common Stock have equal liquidation rights and the same dividend rights.  In the case of any stock 
dividend, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive the same percentage dividend (payable only in shares of 
Common Stock) as the holders of Class A Common Stock receive (payable only in shares of Class A Common Stock). 
Upon liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of the Company, the holders of Common Stock are entitled to share 
ratably with the holders of Class A Common Stock in all assets available for distribution after payment in full of 
creditors.  The  Class A  Common  Stock  may  only  be  issued  to  Fred  R. Adams,  Jr.,  the  Company’s  Founder  and 
Chairman Emeritus, and members of his immediate family, as defined in the Company's articles of incorporation. In 
the event any share of Class A Common Stock, by operation of law or otherwise is, or shall be deemed to be owned 
by any person other than Mr. Adams or a member of his immediate family, the voting power of such stock will be 
reduced from ten votes per share to one vote per share. Also, shares of Class A Common Stock shall be automatically 
converted into Common Stock on a share per share basis in the event the beneficial or record ownership of any such 
share of Class A Common Stock is transferred to any person other than Mr. Adams or a member of his immediate 
family. Each share of Class A Common Stock is convertible, at the option of its holder, into one share of Common 
Stock  at  any  time. The  holders  of  Common  Stock  and  Class A  Common  Stock  are  not  entitled  to  preemptive  or 
subscription rights. In any merger, consolidation or business combination, the consideration to be received per share 
by holders of Common Stock must be identical to that received by holders of Class A Common Stock, except that if 
any such transaction in which shares of Capital Stock are distributed, such shares may differ as to voting rights to the 
extent that voting rights now differ among the classes of capital stock. No class of capital stock may be combined or 
subdivided unless the other classes of capital stock are combined or subdivided in the same proportion. No dividend 
may be declared and paid on Class A Common Stock unless the dividend is payable only to the holders of Class A 
Common Stock and a dividend is declared and paid to Common Stock concurrently. 

On  July  25,  2014,  the  Board  of  Directors  approved  an  amendment  to  the  Company’s  Amended  and  Restated 
Certificate  of  Incorporation  to  authorize  an  additional  60,000,000  shares  of  common  stock  and  an  additional 
2,400,000  shares  of  Class A  common  stock.  The  primary  purpose  of  the  amendment  was  to  provide  a  sufficient 
number of authorized shares in order to effect a 2-for-1 stock split of the Company’s common stock and Class A 
common stock.  The amendment was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s annual meeting on 
October 3, 2014 and the Board of Directors approved the 2-for-1 stock split on the same day.  The new shares were 
distributed on October 31, 2014 to shareholders of record at the close of business on October 17, 2014.  

Unless otherwise noted, all prior period share and per share information contained in this report was adjusted to reflect 
the effect of the stock split. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14.  Fair Value Measures 

The Company is required to categorize both financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities based on the following 
fair value hierarchy.  The fair value of an asset is the price at which the asset could be sold in an orderly transaction 
between unrelated, knowledgeable, and willing parties able to engage in the transaction. A liability’s fair value is 
defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor in a transaction between such parties, 
not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. 

•   Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 
•   Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or 

liability, either directly or indirectly. 

•   Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability supported by little or no market activity and are 

significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. 

The disclosure of fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at cost are as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable: The carrying amount approximates fair value 
due to the short maturity of these instruments. 

Long-term debt: The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt is at its stated value. We have not elected to 
carry our long-term debt at fair value. Fair values for debt are based on quoted market prices or published forward 
interest rate curves, which are level 2 inputs. Estimated fair values are management’s estimates, which is a level 3 
input; however, when there is no readily available market data, the estimated fair values may not represent the amounts 
that could be realized in a current transaction, and the fair values could change significantly. The fair value of the 
Company’s debt is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates.  The Company maintains all of its 
debt as fixed rate in nature to  mitigate  the impact of fluctuations in interest rates.  Under its current policies, the 
Company does not use interest rate derivative instruments to manage its exposure to interest rate changes.  A one 
percent (1%) adverse move (i.e. decrease) in interest rates would adversely affect the net fair value of the Company’s 
debt by $144,000 at June 3, 2017.  The fair value and carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt were as follows 
(in thousands): 

໿ 

5.40 – 6.40% Notes payable 
Long-term leases 

June 3, 2017 

May 28, 2016 

Carrying Value 

Fair Value 

Carrying Value 

Fair Value 

$

$

9,250 $
1,689

10,939 $

9,295 $
1,520

10,815 $

25,570  $
—  
25,570   $

25,824
—

25,824

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis 

In accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above, the following table shows the fair value of our financial 
assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 3, 2017 and May 28, 
2016 (in thousands): 

໿ 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 3, 2017 

Quoted Prices 

in Active 

Significant 

Markets for 

Other 

Significant 

Identical 

Observable 

Unobservable 

Instruments 

(Level 1) 

Inputs 

(Level 2) 

Inputs 

(Level 3) 

Total 

Balance 

— $

20,216 $ 

— $

—

—

—

2,459

2,459 $

36,873

75,790

5,583

—

—

—

—

—

138,462 $ 

— $

140,921

20,216

36,873

75,790

5,583

2,459

May 28, 2016 

Quoted Prices 

in Active 

Significant 

Markets for 

Other 

Significant 

Identical 

Observable 

Unobservable 

Instruments 

(Level 1) 

Inputs 

(Level 2) 

Inputs 

(Level 3) 

Total 

Balance 

— $

18,814 $ 

— $

—

—

—

—

5,503

5,503 $

79,643

240,537

2,046

15,893

—

—

—

—

—

—

356,933 $ 

— $

18,814

79,643

240,537

2,046

15,893

5,503

362,436

Assets 

US government and agency obligations 

Municipal bonds 

Corporate bonds 

Asset backed securities 

Mutual funds 

Total assets measured at fair value 

Assets 

US government and agency obligations 

Municipal bonds 

Corporate bonds 

Foreign government obligations 

Asset backed securities 

Mutual funds 

Total assets measured at fair value 

$

$

$

$

Our investment securities – available-for-sale classified as level 2 consist of U.S. government and agency obligations, 
taxable and tax exempt municipal bonds, zero coupon municipal bonds, asset-backed securities, foreign government 
obligations,  and  corporate  bonds  with  maturities  of  three  months  or  longer  when  purchased.  We  classified  these 
securities  as  current,  because  amounts  invested  are  available  for  current  operations.  Observable  inputs  for  these 
securities are yields, credit risks, default rates, and volatility. 

The Company applies fair value accounting guidance to measure non-financial assets and liabilities associated with 
business acquisitions. These assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for the initial purchase price allocation 
and are subject to recurring revaluations. The fair value of non-financial assets acquired is determined internally.  Our 
internal valuation methodology for non-financial assets takes into account the remaining estimated life of the assets 
acquired and what management believes is the market value for those assets. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15.   Investment Securities 

Investment securities consisted of the following (in thousands): 

໿ 

June 3, 2017 

Gains in 

Losses in 

Accumulated 

Accumulated 

Estimated 

Amortized 
Cost 

Other 
Comprehensive 

Other 
Comprehensive 

Fair 
Value 

Income 

Income 

20,259 $
36,839
75,769
5,583
—

138,450 $

1,706

1,706 $

—
34
21
—
—

55 $

753

753

43    $
—   
—   
—   
—   
43    $

—   
—    $

20,216
36,873
75,790
5,583
—

138,462

2,459

2,459

May 28, 2016 

Gains in 

Losses in 

Accumulated 

Accumulated 

Estimated 

Amortized 
Cost 

Other 
Comprehensive 

Other 
Comprehensive 

Fair 
Value 

Income 

Income 

18,809 $
79,481
240,593
2,044
15,908
3,565

360,400 $

1,448

1,448 $

5
162
—
2
—
1

170 $

489

489

—    $
—   
56   
—   
15   
—   
71    $

—   
—    $

18,814
79,643
240,537
2,046
15,893
3,566

360,499

1,937

1,937

$

$

$

$

$

$

US government and agency obligations 
Municipal bonds 
Corporate bonds 
Asset backed securities 
Mutual funds 

Total current investment securities 

Mutual funds 

Total noncurrent investment securities 

໿ 

US government and agency obligations 
Municipal bonds 
Corporate bonds 
Foreign government obligations 
Asset backed securities 
Mutual funds 

Total current investment securities 

Mutual funds 

Total noncurrent investment securities 

Proceeds from the sales of available-for-sale securities were $251.7 million, $292.5 million, and $146.8 million during 
fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Gross realized gains on those sales during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 
were $231,000, $131,000, and $82,000, respectively. Gross realized losses on those sales during fiscal 2017, 2016, 
and  2014  were $7,000, $110,000, and $7,000, respectively. For purposes of determining gross realized gains and 
losses, the cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. 

Unrealized holding gains and (losses), net of taxes, for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 were as follows (in thousands): 

Current Investments 
Noncurrent Investments 

Total unrealized holding gains (losses) 

June 3, 2017
(54)
164

110

May 28, 2016   
22   
(31)   

(9)   

May 30, 2015
(146)
59

(87)

70 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some borrowers have the right to call or prepay 
obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.  Contractual maturities of investment securities at June 3, 
2017, are as follows (in thousands): 

Within one year 
1-3 years 

໿ 

$

$

Estimated Fair Value 

82,331
56,131

138,462

16.   Quarterly Financial Data:  (unaudited, amount in thousands, except per share data): 

Net sales 
Gross profit 
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 
Net income (loss) per share: 
Basic 
Diluted 

$

$
$

Fiscal Year 2017 

First
Quarter 

239,845 $
(9,569)
(30,936)

Third 
  Quarter 

Second
Quarter 
253,544    $  306,540 $

3,948   
(23,010)  

39,165
4,139

Fourth
Quarter 

274,584
12,006
(24,471)

(0.64) $
(0.64) $

(0.48)   $ 
(0.48)   $ 

0.09 $
0.09 $

(0.51)
(0.51)

During the Company's fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, we decided to carry back fiscal 2017 net operating losses to 
recover taxes paid in fiscal 2015, which affects the comparability between quarters.  The net operating loss carryback 
resulted in a $4.1 million decrease in the income tax benefit, as the carryback reduced prior year taxable income and 
as a result reduced the benefit of prior year domestic manufacturers deductions, a portion of which were therefore 
reversed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. 

Fiscal Year 2016 

First
Quarter 

609,895 $
263,071
143,023

Third 
  Quarter 

Second
Quarter 
545,975    $  449,760 $
211,597   
109,230   

132,726
64,164

Fourth
Quarter 

303,020
40,680
(376)

2.97 $
2.95 $

2.27    $ 
2.26    $ 

1.33 $
1.33 $

(0.01)
(0.01)

Net sales 
Gross profit 
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 
Net income (loss) per share: 
Basic 
Diluted 

໿ 

$

$
$

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS 
Years ended June 3, 2017, May 28, 2016, and May 30, 2015 
(in thousands) 

໿ 

Description 

Year ended June 3, 2017 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

Year ended May 28, 2016 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

Year ended May 30, 2015 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

໿ 

Balance at 

Beginning of 
Period 

Charged to 

Cost  and 
Expense 

Write-off 
of Accounts 

Balance at 

End of 
Period 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

727 $

(176) $

513 $

225 $

430 $

432 $

165   $ 

11   $ 

349   $ 

386

727

513

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
 
ITEM 9.  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 

None. 

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be 
disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange 
Act”)  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized  and  reported,  within  the  time  periods  specified  in  the  Securities  and 
Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.  Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls 
and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit 
under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and 
principal  financial  officers,  or  persons  performing  similar  functions,  as  appropriate  to  allow  timely  decisions 
regarding required disclosure. Based on an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures conducted by our 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with other financial officers, such officers concluded 
that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 3, 2017 at the reasonable assurance level. 

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

(a)  Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

The following sets forth, in accordance with Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Item 308 of the 
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission’s  Regulation  S-K,  the  report  of  management  on  our  internal  control  over 
financial reporting. 

1.  Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial 
reporting. “Internal control over financial reporting” is a process designed by, or under the supervision 
of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with other financial officers, and 
effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial statements  for  external 
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and 
procedures that: 

•   Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the 

transactions and dispositions of our assets; 

•   Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of 

financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts 
and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and 
directors; and 

•   Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use 

or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

2.  Our management, in accordance with Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act and with the participation 
of  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  together  with  other  financial  officers, 
evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  June 3,  2017.  The 
framework on which management’s evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting is based is 
the  “Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework” published  in  2013  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations (“COSO”) of the Treadway Commission. 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.  Management  has  determined  that  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  June 3,  2017  is 
effective. It is noted that internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of 
achieving financial reporting objectives, but rather reasonable assurance of achieving such objectives. 
4.  The attestation report of FROST, PLLC on our internal control over financial reporting, which includes 
that firm’s opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, is set forth below. 

(b)  Attestation Report of the Registrant’s Public Accounting Firm 

74 

 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Board of Directors and Stockholders 
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries 
Jackson, Mississippi 

We have audited Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of June 3, 2017, 
based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations  of  the Treadway  Commission  (“COSO”).  Cal-Maine  Foods,  Inc.  and  Subsidiaries’  management  is 
responsible  for  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  and  for  its  assessment  of  the 
effectiveness  of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on 
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting in Item 9A.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the entity’s 
internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audit of internal control 
over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing 
the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal 
control  based  on  the  assessed  risk.  Our  audit  also  included  performing  such  other  procedures  as  we  considered 
necessary in the circumstances.  We believe our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

An entity’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of America.  An  entity’s  internal 
control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records 
that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the entity; (2) 
provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  consolidated 
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures 
of the entity are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the entity; and 
(3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use,  or 
disposition of the entity’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. 

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect 
misstatements.  Also,  projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that 
controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies 
or procedures may deteriorate. 

In our opinion, Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control 
over  financial  reporting  as  of  June 3,  2017,  based  on  criteria  established  in  2013  Internal  Control-Integrated 
Framework issued by the COSO. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States), the consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income 
(loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries, and our report dated July 21, 
2017, expressed an unqualified opinion. 

/s/Frost, PLLC 

Little Rock, Arkansas 
July 21, 2017 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c)  Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

In  connection  with  its  evaluation  of  the  effectiveness,  as  of  June 3,  2017,  of  our  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting,  management  determined  that  there  was  no  change  in  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that 
occurred during the fourth quarter ended June 3, 2017, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially 
affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION 

Not applicable. 

PART III. 

ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Except  as  set  forth  below,  the  information  concerning  directors,  executive  officers  and  corporate  governance  is 
incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

We have adopted a Code of Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Officers and Employees, including the chief executive 
and principal financial and accounting officers of the Company. We will provide a copy of the code free of charge to 
any person that requests a copy by writing to: 

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 
P.O. Box 2960 
Jackson, Mississippi 39207 
Attn.:  Investor Relations 

Requests can be made by phone at (601) 948-6813. 

A  copy  is  also  available  at  our  website  www.calmainefoods.com.  We  intend  to  disclose  any  amendments  to,  or 
waivers  from,  the  Code  of  Conduct  and  Ethics  for  Directors,  Officers  and  Employees  on  our  website  promptly 
following the date of any such amendment or waiver.  Information contained on our website is not a part of this report. 

ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 

The information concerning executive compensation is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement 
which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 
2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

ITEM 12.   SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

The information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder 
matters is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 
14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

ITEM 13.   CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 
INDEPENDENCE 

The information concerning certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence is incorporated 
by reference from our definitive proxy statement which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES 

The information concerning principal accounting fees and services is incorporated by reference from our definitive 
proxy  statement  which  is  to  be  filed  pursuant  to  Regulation  14A  under  the  Securities  Exchange Act  of  1934  in 
connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

PART IV. 
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

(a)(1)  Financial Statements 

The following consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and subsidiaries are 
included in Item 8 and are filed herewith: 

   Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms. 

   Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 3, 2017 and May 28, 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Operations – Fiscal Years Ended June 3, 2017, May 28, 2016, and May 
30, 2015

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Fiscal Years Ended June 3, 2017, May 
28, 2016, and May 30, 2015 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended June 3, 
2017, May 28, 2016, and May 30, 2015 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended June 3, 2017, May 28, 2016,  and 
May 30, 2015 

   Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

(a)(2)     Financial Statement Schedule 

  Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 - 71 

72 

All other schedules are omitted either because they are not applicable or required, or because the required information 
is included in the financial statements or notes thereto. 

(a)(3)  Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K 

See Part (b) of this Item 15. 

(b) 

Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference: 

Exhibit 
Number  Exhibit 

3.1 

3.2 

10.1* 

10.2* 

10.3 

10.4* 

10.5* 

10.6* 

10.7* 

21** 
23.1** 
31.1** 
31.2** 
32*** 
99.1 

Composite Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 in the 
Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 29, 2014, filed December 29, 2014).
Composite Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 in the Registrant’s Form 10-Q 
for the quarter ended March 2, 2013, filed April 5, 2013).
Wage Continuation Plan, dated as of April 15, 1988, between Joe Wyatt and the Registrant (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.8 in the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 333-14809, filed October 
25, 1996). 

Deferred Compensation Plan, dated December 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 in the 
Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed January 4, 2007).
Loan Agreement, dated as of November 12, 2009, between the Registrant and Metropolitan Life Insurance 
Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3(e) in the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed November 17, 
2009). 
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. KSOP, as amended and restated, effective April 1, 2012 (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 4.4 in the Registrant’s Form S-8, filed March 30, 2012).
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. KSOP Trust, as amended and restated, effective April 1, 2012 (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 4.5 in the Registrant’s Form S-8, filed March 30, 2012).
2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Registrant’s Proxy 
Statement for the Annual Meeting held October 5, 2012, filed September 6, 2012). 
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.13 in the Registrant’s Form 10-K  for the year ended May 31, 2014, filed July 28, 2014).
Subsidiaries of the Registrant 
Consent of FROST, PLLC 
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer 
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer 
Section 1350 Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer 
Press release dated July 24, 2017 announcing interim and annual financial information (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 99.1 in the Company’s Form 8-K, filed July 24, 2017).

101.INS***+  XBRL Instance Document Exhibit 
101.SCH***+  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document Exhibit 
101.CAL***+  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document Exhibit 

101.DEF***+  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document Exhibit 
101.LAB***+  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document Exhibit 

101.PRE***+  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 

*  Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement 
**  Filed herewith as an Exhibit 
***  Furnished herewith as an Exhibit 
†   Submitted electronically with this Annual Report on Form 10-K 

The Company has not filed instruments with respect to long-term debt where the total amount of securities authorized 
thereunder  does  not  exceed  ten  percent  of  the  total  assets  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  on  a  consolidated 
basis.  The Company agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, copies of any such 
instrument. 

(c) 

Financial Statement Schedules Required by Regulation S-X 

The  financial  statement  schedule  required  by  Regulation  S-X  is  filed  at  page  73. All  other  schedules  for  which 
provision  is  made  in  the  applicable  accounting  regulations  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  are  not 
required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Jackson, Mississippi. 

SIGNATURES 

CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC. 

/s/ Adolphus B. Baker 
Adolphus B. Baker 
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board 
Date: 

July 21, 2017 

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Securities  Exchange Act  of  1934,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by  the 
following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: 

Signature 

Title 

/s/  Adolphus B. Baker 
Adolphus B. Baker 

/s/  Timothy A. Dawson 
Timothy A. Dawson 

President, Chief Executive 
Officer and Chairman of the Board
(Principal Executive Officer) 

Vice President, Chief Financial 
Officer and Director
(Principal Financial Officer) 

/s/  Michael D. Castleberry 
Michael D. Castleberry 

Vice President, Controller 
(Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/  Sherman Miller 
Sherman Miller 

/s/  Letitia C. Hughes 
Letitia C. Hughes 

/s/  James E. Poole 
James E. Poole 

/s/  Steve W. Sanders 
Steve W. Sanders 

Vice President, Chief Operating 
Officer and Director

Director 

Director 

Director 

Date 

July 21, 2017 

July 21, 2017 

July 21, 2017 

July 21, 2017 

July 21, 2017 

July 21, 2017 

July 21, 2017 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subsidiaries of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 

Name of Subsidiary 

Southern Equipment Distributors, Inc. 
South Texas Applicators, Inc. 
American Egg Products, LLC 
Texas Egg Products, LLC 
Benton County Foods, LLC 
Wharton County Foods, LLC 

Place of Incorporation or 
Organization 

Mississippi 
Delaware 
Georgia 
Texas 
Arkansas 
Texas 

Exhibit 21 

Percentage of 
Outstanding Stock 
or Ownership 
Interest Held by 
Registrant 

100% 
100% 
100% 
72.1% (1) 
100% 
100% 

(1)  Limited  liability  company  of  which  Cal-Maine  Foods,  Inc.  and  Wharton  County  Foods,  LLC  are 

members and have 50.3% and 21.8%, respectively. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Exhibit 23.1 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form  S-8 No. 333-
180470)  of  Cal-Maine  Foods,  Inc.  pertaining  to  the  Cal-Maine  Foods,  Inc.  KSOP  and  the  Registration 
Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-184310) pertaining to the Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 2012 Omnibus Long-Term 
Incentive Plan, of our reports dated July 21, 2017, relating to the consolidated financial statements  and 
financial statement schedules, and the effectiveness of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ internal 
control over financial reporting, which appear in the Annual Report to Shareholders, which is incorporated 
by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.   

/s/Frost, PLLC 

Little Rock, Arkansas 
July 21, 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.1 

Certification 
Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

I, Adolphus B. Baker, certify that: 

1.  I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.; 

2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to 
state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which 
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3.  Based  on  my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information  included  in  this 
report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows 
of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4.   The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining 
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and 
internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) 
for the registrant and have: 

(a)  Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the 
registrant,  including  its  consolidated  subsidiaries,  is  made  known  to  us  by  others  within  those 
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b)  Designed  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  or  caused  such  internal  control  over 
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes 
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in 
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of 
the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that 
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in 
the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, 
the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  to  the  registrant’s  auditors  and  the  audit  committee  of  the 
registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control 
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to 
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

(b)  Any  fraud,  whether  or  not  material,  that  involves  management  or  other  employees  who  have  a 

significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

/s/  Adolphus B. Baker 
Adolphus B. Baker 
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board 
Date :   July 21, 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.2 

Certification 
Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

I, Timothy A. Dawson, certify that: 

1.  I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.; 

2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to 
state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which 
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3.  Based  on  my  knowledge,  the  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information  included  in  this 
report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows 
of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4.   The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining 
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and 
internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) 
for the registrant and have: 

(a)  Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the 
registrant,  including  its  consolidated  subsidiaries,  is  made  known  to  us  by  others  within  those 
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b)  Designed  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  or  caused  such  internal  control  over 
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes 
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in 
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of 
the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that 
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in 
the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, 
the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  to  the  registrant’s  auditors  and  the  audit  committee  of  the 
registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control 
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to 
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

(b)  Any  fraud,  whether  or  not  material,  that  involves  management  or  other  employees  who  have  a 

significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

/s/  Timothy A. Dawson 
Timothy A. Dawson 
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 
Date:  July 21, 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 32 

Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, 
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

Solely for the purposes of complying with 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 
of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002,  we,  the  undersigned  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief 
Financial  Officer  of  Cal-Maine  Foods,  Inc.  (the  “Company”),  hereby  certify,  based  on  our 
knowledge, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended June 
3,  2017  (the  “Report”)  fully  complies  with  the  requirements  of  Section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, 
in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. 

/s/  Adolphus B. Baker 
Adolphus B. Baker 
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board 

/s/  Timothy A. Dawson  
Timothy A. Dawson 
Chief Financial Officer 

Date:  July 21, 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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CORPORATE INFORMATION

Corporate Information
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.
3320 W. Woodrow Wilson Avenue
Jackson, Mississippi  39209-3409
(601) 948-6813
www.calmainefoods.com

Transfer Agent
Computershare Investor Services
P.O. Box 505000
Louisville, Kentucky 40233

800-254-5196
www.computershare.com/investor

Independent Registered  
Public Accounting Firm
Frost, PLLC
425 West Capitol, Suite 3300
Little Rock, Arkansas  72201

Annual Meeting
10:00 a.m.  Central Time
October 6, 2017
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. Corporate Offices
3320 W. Woodrow Wilson Avenue
Jackson, Mississippi

Form 10-K
The Form 10-K, including the financial statements and 
schedules thereto, for the year ended June 3, 2017, 
as well as other information about Cal-Maine Foods, 
Inc. may be obtained without charge by writing to 
Ms. Jenny Davis, Investor Relations, at the Company’s 
corporate offices.

2017 CALM Annual Report.indd   4

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CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC

3320 W. Woodrow Wilson Avenue
Jackson, Mississippi   39209-3409
(601) 948-6813
www.calmainefoods.com

2017 CALM Annual Report.indd   1

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