Camellia Annual Report 2017

Plain-text annual report

249229 Camellia R&A Cover Spread 17/04/2018 18:31 Page 1 CAMELLIA PLC C a m e l l i a P l c A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 1 7 Perivan Financial Print 249229 (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:26) (cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:19) 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 1 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2017 CONTENTS Camellia at a glance Directors and advisers Chairman’s statement Chief Executive’s report Chief Financial Oﬃcer’s report Strategic report Report of the Directors Corporate governance Statement of Directors’ responsibilities Remuneration report Consolidated income statement Statement of comprehensive income Consolidated balance sheet Company balance sheet Consolidated cash ﬂow statement Company cash ﬂow statement Statement of changes in equity Accounting policies Notes to the accounts Report of the independent auditors Five year record page 2 4 5 6 17 20 26 29 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 54 102 109 1 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 2 CAMELLIA PLC CAMELLIA AT A GLANCE Camellia Plc is an international group – a global family of diverse companies with a 130-year history employing approximately 80,000 people worldwide. Our operations are in Agriculture, Engineering, Food Service and the holding of Investments. From the outset, Camellia’s ethos has been based on the highest moral and professional integrity, and a commitment to doing the right thing – ethically and commercially, globally and locally. Proﬁts are our lifeblood but not our soul. Our business is built on two fundamental principles: ■ Long-termism. We see ourselves as custodians, holding our businesses in trust for future generations. We believe we have a responsibility to ensure the stability, security and continuity of all our businesses, so they can be passed on to the next generation as enduring operations. We recognise that people and businesses take time to establish and grow to their full potential and we are happy to wait for that to happen. We are deeply committed to improving the long-term stability and well-being of our businesses, the communities and the environments in which we operate. ■ Sustainability. We are committed not only to the ultimate welfare of our employees but also to the communities in which they live. We believe our businesses can and should grow with respect and care for the environment rather than at the cost of it. We proactively invest in ensuring that the environments where we do business are continually protected and improved, and seek to minimise any damage our activities may cause. Our continuing business is made up as follows: Agriculture 2017: Turnover – £239.4 million, Trading proﬁt – £35.6 million Locations India, Bangladesh, Kenya, Malawi Kenya, South Africa, Malawi Kenya Brazil Kenya, Malawi, Brazil Bangladesh USA USA South Africa USA Kenya Kenya Kenya Mature area Ha. 32,292 2,474 415 3,437 2,488 1,610 169 131 63 56 24 1,580 4,409 head Immature area Ha. 2,511 1,224 192 – 3,378 365 8 - 12 – – – Core crops Tea Macadamia Avocados Speciality crops Arable Forestry Rubber Citrus Pistachios Wine grapes Almonds Pineapples Other Joint Projects Cattle 2 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 3 CAMELLIA PLC CAMELLIA AT A GLANCE ENGINEERING 2017: Turnover – £20.5 million, Trading loss – £2.6 million Subsidiary Locations Abbey Metal Finishing A JT Engineering XiMo UK, Germany UK Switzerland, Hungary FOOD SERVICE 2017: Turnover – £37.8 million, Trading proﬁt – £1.8 million Subsidiary ACS&T Jing Tea Aﬃsh Wylax INVESTMENTS Locations UK UK The Netherlands The Netherlands Investment type Locations Investment Portfolio Investment Property Collections* Global UK, Malawi, Isle of Man, Brazil UK, India, Bangladesh, Kenya, South Africa Market value at 31/12/17 £’m 47.0 23.4 9.4 *Collections are stated at cost ASSOCIATES 2017: Share of results after taxation – £2.0 million Location Activity BF&M United Finance United Insurance Bermuda Bangladesh Bangladesh Life and Non-life insurance Banking Non-life insurance ASSETS HELD FOR SALE BMT (Great Yarmouth) GU Cutting and Grinding Property in Loddon UK UK UK Holding % 36.3 38.4 37.0 3 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 4 CAMELLIA PLC DIRECTORS AND ADVISERS Directors Malcolm Perkins, FCA Chris Relleen, FCA Tom Franks, FCA Graham Mclean, MSc Susan Walker, FCCA William Gibson Frédéric Vuilleumier Gautam Dalal, FCA (i) Audit committee (ii) Remuneration committee (iii) Nomination committee Chairman (iii) Deputy Chairman, independent non-executive Director and senior independent Director (i) (ii) (iii) Chief Executive Managing Director of Agriculture Chief Financial Oﬃcer Independent non-executive Director (i) (ii) (iii) Independent non-executive Director (i) Independent non-executive Director Secretary Julia Morton, ACIS Registered oﬃce Linton Park Linton Maidstone Kent ME17 4AB Registered number 00029559 Nominated adviser and broker Panmure Gordon (UK) Limited One New Change London EC4M 9AF Registrars Independent auditors Link Asset Services The Registry 34 Beckenham Road Kent BR3 4ZF Deloitte LLP Statutory Auditors 2 New Street Square London EC4A 3BZ Website www.camellia.plc.uk 4 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 5 CAMELLIA PLC CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT I am pleased to report the results for 2017, which reﬂect a proﬁt for the year of £28.6 million (2016: loss £5.9 million); this includes the previously disclosed exceptional gain on the sale of Duncan Lawrie’s UK asset management business of £19.2 million, about which more is set out in the Chief Financial Oﬃcer’s report. There were no other signiﬁcant changes to the Group structure in the year; however in line with our strategy and as set out in more detail in the Chief Executive’s report, we made a small acquisition of a packet tea business in India during the year and since the year end we have acquired a majority shareholding in Jing Tea. Jing Tea is a UK based distributor of branded speciality teas to the retail and food service sectors internationally. In pursuing our strategic objectives, we have decided to sell two of our smaller engineering businesses, BMT (Great Yarmouth) and GU Cutting and Grinding, although the sales have yet to complete. More details are provided in the Chief Executive’s report. Trading in 2017 was mixed with a weak start being followed by a much better second half. Our tea operations performed well as good yields combined with an improving tea price as the year progressed. However, for the second year running, the macadamia crop was impacted by drought which led to disappointing volumes. Our speciality crops continue to provide an excellent return which once again demonstrates the beneﬁts of our diversiﬁed agricultural strategy. Elsewhere, as previously disclosed, our associate BF&M reported a signiﬁcant reduction in proﬁtability as a result of the two major hurricanes in September 2017. Camellia is a business with operations across a number of geographical areas, particularly in emerging markets, all of which are vulnerable to a global political atmosphere which is relatively unstable by recent historical standards. Furthermore, changing weather patterns led to a severe drought in the Cape and Kenya, ﬂooding in Bangladesh and an unprecedented hurricane season in the Caribbean. It is a credit to our staﬀ across the world that they continue to operate successfully in the face of these challenges. Board Members I was delighted to announce the appointment of Gautam Dalal to the Board as a non-executive Director with eﬀect from 1 March. Gautam’s wide experience of the markets in which we operate will be of great beneﬁt to the executive team. Dividend Your Board is recommending a ﬁnal dividend of 98p per share which, together with the interim dividend already paid of 37p per share, brings the total distribution for the year to 135p per share compared with 130p per share for 2016. Outlook As so much of our result depends on crop volumes in the second half of the year it is not possible to forecast outturns with any degree of conﬁdence. However, early signs of a better macadamia crop, some good prices for tea in the ﬁrst quarter of 2018 and continuing strength in our UK markets give us reasons to be optimistic at this stage. Staﬀ As always, my thanks go out to all our staﬀ for their eﬀorts in 2017. Malcolm Perkins Chairman 18 April 2018 5 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 6 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT Camellia is a unique group, not only in our ethos and culture, but also in the diversity and quality of our assets. Our ﬁnancial position is strong and following our withdrawal from the UK ﬁnancial services market our ﬁnancial risks are substantially reduced. In his statement the Chairman rightly reﬂects on the diﬃculties of operating in emerging markets, however this access to some of the world’s fastest expanding economies also provides us with opportunities for growth. In the Agriculture division, whilst climate change and political uncertainty in many of our operating countries are largely outside our control, we have four key advantages. First, we are growing a selection of crops which are increasingly in demand from an urbanising, longer living and more health conscious consumer who is ever more concerned with the provenance of their food. Second, our focus on sustainability has put us in a strong position to beneﬁt from these global trends. Third, we have been operating in many of our territories for a very long time. Fourth, we have the resources to pursue our strategic goals. Furthermore, whilst our expenditure on sustainability may not always be immediately apparent, our long standing investment in irrigation, community welfare and better agricultural practices is an integral part of our success. We will continue to build on these strong foundations for the beneﬁt of all our stakeholders. In our other divisions we continue to take steps to invest where we believe that it is in the long term interests of the Group and to divest where we no longer believe that to be the case. Over the last three years we have disposed of Duncan Lawrie Asset Management at a substantial proﬁt and closed or sold Duncan Lawrie Private Bank, AKD Engineering and Loddon all of which were loss- making. This process of reﬁning our portfolio is an important part of our long term strategy and a summary of the acquisitions made during 2017 and since the year end is set out below: ■ ■ Tea City. A collection of Indian packet tea brands which was bought by Goodricke to add to its existing brand portfolio. Jing Tea. A UK based branded speciality teas business selling to the retail and food service sectors internationally. Both of these acquisitions will help to bring us closer to our market place and its changing trends; Jing Tea will also enable us to distribute our high end teas more proﬁtably. In addition to these acquisitions we are proposing to make a number of small disposals and other changes to the portfolio as follows: ■ ■ BMT (Great Yarmouth) and GU Cutting and Grinding. Both of these companies have been with the Group for many years, and whilst both remain cash generative they are too small and too niche to represent good investment opportunities or to deliver long term growth for the Group. I am pleased to say that each is in the process of being sold to its respective management team. XiMo. Having now successfully demonstrated production of sample quantities of its catalysts, the next stage is to conﬁrm the same capabilities on a larger scale in order to prove that the process is viable commercially. This stage will require signiﬁcant additional investment and we are actively seeking third party funding for this next step. I strongly believe that these changes to the portfolio support our long term strategy and will make a positive contribution to the Group in the future. I am also pleased that we have been able to raise the dividend again this year. Other than in 2008 when we held the dividend, we have raised the dividend every year since the merger with Linton Park in 2005. On other matters, I am pleased that the 2017 triennial UK pension scheme valuation shows a small surplus of £7.1 million as against a previous deﬁcit of £7.9 million. We will continue to monitor the position carefully, mindful of our continuing and future obligations to the members. 6 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 7 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT BUSINESS STRATEGY The overall Group strategy, which is set out on page 20, remains unchanged with each division expected to perform against an agreed divisional strategy with goals and targets for the short, medium and long term. These are summarised below: Agriculture ■ To focus on our core crops of tea, macadamia and avocado where we have scale and geographic spread. Where appropriate opportunities arise, to add to our production capability in these three crops, as well as to make aligned acquisitions and investments to enable us to capture more of the value chain. ■ ■ To maintain and potentially to grow our portfolio of non-core crops in order to retain the diversity of location and crop which has historically proved so valuable in shielding the Group from the impact of climate change and commodity price ﬂuctuations. To utilise our agricultural expertise to make the most of the estates that we already have and to develop new estates where possible and appropriate. Agriculture is the largest division and is the area where we see the best long term investment opportunities for the Group. This will remain our focus for future investment. Engineering Engineering North. To take advantage of the recovering oil sector whilst diversifying into adjacent sectors in order to create a sustainably proﬁtable engineering business. Engineering South. To continue to grow Abbey Metal Finishing and its joint venture in Germany, Atﬁn, as quality suppliers to the aerospace industry. XiMo. To ﬁnd new investors to take the technology to the next phase in its development. Food Service ACS&T. To continue to operate as a high quality business in the storage and distribution of frozen foods, aiming to achieve critical mass by proﬁtable growth and if appropriate, acquisition. Aﬃsh and Wylax. To establish a sustainably proﬁtable business model that works in the European ﬁsh distribution market. Investments Investment Portfolio. The Group has a portfolio, principally of listed investments, the strategy for which remains to invest in high quality companies where we believe that there is long term value. This portfolio also enables us to balance our geographic risk exposure. Investment Property. The strategy is to continue to invest in quality assets where an appropriate yield may be realised. The process of developing some of our existing properties to enhance yield will continue. Collections. The Group has collections of art, philately and manuscripts which are regularly reviewed and are added to or sold as appropriate. Associates The Group has three associate companies in the ﬁnancial services sector of which BF&M, the listed Bermudian insurance business, is the most signiﬁcant. With all our associates, we continually monitor our investment and may increase or decrease our holding in the future. 7 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 8 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT PERFORMANCE Agriculture Tea Production 2017 saw the Group’s second highest ever production levels through our own and managed clients factories. Total Made Tea produced was 95.0 million kgs (2016: 99.1 million kgs). India Bangladesh Kenya Malawi Total Mature area Ha. 14,369 8,578 4,101 5,244 –––––––– 32,292 –––––––– Immature area Ha. 1,394 635 55 427 –––––––– 2,511 –––––––– 2017 Volume mkg* 27.6 13.6 13.5 17.0 –––––––– 71.7 –––––––– 2016 Volume mkg* 28.6 14.1 15.1 15.6 –––––––– 73.4 –––––––– *Estate volumes only, in addition 19.3 million kg of tea was produced for smallholders (2016: 20.3 million kg) and a further 4.0 million kg for managed clients (2016: 5.4 million kg). Tea pricing and operations India India had a record production year in the Dooars gardens. Volumes in Darjeeling for the year were materially impacted by the previously reported strike. A new dedicated Bought Leaf factory (Jogopur) was successfully opened at our Danguajhar factory site and Bought Leaf production was restarted in Assam on Sessa and Borpatra gardens. Tea prices for India were generally lower than the previous year other than those from the Dooars region. Prices at the start of the year were under pressure due to high volumes of unsold teas from 2016’s record production, but improved from the mid-year point to levels above the previous year’s, particularly for the Dooars and Assam CTC’s, whilst the Assam orthodox market was down on the previous year. Darjeeling prices were volatile due to the supply constraints inﬂicted by the strike. First ﬂush teas sold well but the majority of the second ﬂush and main season teas were lost. The situation was not helped by the implementation of GST in India, which hindered both the auctions and tea sales in general as the market familiarised itself with the new system. Our average selling price over the year was 6.4% lower than the previous year. Goodricke Group’s Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certiﬁcate was renewed, as were other certiﬁcations including FSSC and RFA for all our Assam, Darjeeling and Cachar gardens. The Trust Tea certiﬁcation for the Bought Leaf initiative is being implemented across all our gardens in the Dooars, and Goodricke won a social sustainability Bronze award for their WASH (Water, Air and ventilation, Sanitation and Hygiene) programme, at the North American Tea Sustainability Awards. In total, India’s national production volumes for 2017 were up on 2016, primarily due to higher production in south India and increasing volumes from the Bought Leaf sector. Costs continue to rise through wage and general inﬂation which, without compensatory increases in the market price, creates margin pressure. To mitigate this, eﬀorts continue to reduce seasonal labour requirements through the mechanisation of planting, pruning, spraying and plucking. During the year, Goodricke acquired a number of well-known Indian brands including Tea City, Supercup and Samovar. This will result in increased volumes of packet tea being produced and sold in 2018 in line with our strategy of moving up the value chain. 8 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 9 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT Bangladesh Our Bangladesh operations had another successful year achieving their second highest ever production despite the heavy rainfall which led to signiﬁcant ﬂooding in many areas. As in India, prices in the Bangladesh market were under pressure during the ﬁrst half of the year due to high levels of prior year’s stock remaining unsold. Import tariﬀ levels were raised again during the year and prices recovered well in the third quarter and remained ﬁrm through to the end of the year. Our average selling price over the year was 4.3% lower than the previous year. Production trials were conducted on both orthodox and green teas with some very encouraging results and feedback from the domestic and export markets. These trials will continue with the aim of reaching commercial production in 2018. Trials have started on shear plucking in an eﬀort to reduce harvesting costs through improved productivity. RFA certiﬁcation was achieved on all gardens in September. Duncan Brothers being only the second, but by far the largest, producer to achieve this certiﬁcation in Bangladesh. Kenya Our production was impacted by drought during the ﬁrst half of the year but saw an upturn as the weather improved in the ﬁnal quarter. Tea prices in Kenya ﬁrmed at the start of the year as it became apparent that the dry conditions were going to have an impact on national production. These growing conditions did not improve until the 4th quarter which saw record production. However, despite this, our average selling price for the year was 21.5% ahead of the previous year. The wage negotiations remain unresolved for the Collective Bargaining Agreement years of 2014/15, and 2016/17 which creates uncertainty in the cost base and agitation, frustration and industrial action at the operational level. To mitigate the risk of escalating labour costs, our eﬀorts to develop more mechanised processes continue. To this end automated withering has been installed on a trial basis in our Chemomi factory and the area under mechanised tea harvesting has expanded and will continue to do so. The research and development initiative into new harvester technology continues with the engagement of a UK specialist engineering company to design and fabricate a new prototype. The number of smallholders continues to increase as does the volume derived from this sector. Smallholder production represents a signiﬁcant proportion of our total volumes in Kenya and remains a critical factor in the wider social responsibility and sustainability strategy of our tea operations. All the estates and registered smallholders are RFA and FSSC certiﬁed and Eastern Produce Kenya won an environmental sustainability Gold award for our “Wise Use” programme at the North American Tea Sustainability Awards. Malawi Our Malawi operations achieved an all-time record crop and also began a project to produce and sell commercial volumes of green tea which has met with signiﬁcant interest from buyers. Tea prices in Malawi were ﬁrm throughout 2017 due to strong demand resulting from an undersupplied Kenyan market. Our average tea selling price for the year was 21.2% higher than the previous year. The Malawi Tea Revitalisation 2020 programme continues with the roll out of some excellent initiatives in nutrition, gender empowerment and smallholder production. Eastern Produce Malawi won a social sustainability Gold award at the North American Tea Sustainability Awards for its Diversity, Inclusion and Women’s Welfare policy in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goal 5, “to achieve gender equality and empowerment of women and girls”. All estates and smallholders are RFA certiﬁed and three factories have FSSC 22000 certiﬁcation; the ﬁrst tea factories in Malawi to achieve this. 9 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 10 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT Macadamia Production Macadamia production in 2017 was disappointing and showed a slight decrease from the already signiﬁcantly reduced volumes in Malawi and South Africa seen in 2016. This was due to drought conditions that aﬀected both regions and the consequential reduction in nut volumes and size. Malawi South Africa Kenya Total Mature area Ha. 1,296 804 374 –––––––– 2,474 –––––––– Immature area Ha. 212 359 653 –––––––– 1,224 –––––––– Volume 2017 Tonnes 329 273 178 –––––––– 780 –––––––– Volume 2016 Tonnes 388 265 138 –––––––– 791 –––––––– Macadamia Pricing Due to rising demand for macadamia products, prices remained ﬁrm and in line with the previous year’s levels during the ﬁrst half of the year. As it became apparent in the market that supply was once again impacted by drought, particularly in southern Africa, prices reached record highs; our average selling price for the year was 7.4% ahead of the prior year. Signiﬁcant progress was made in the development of the Maclands brand. Macadamia Operations Malawi Overall Malawi volumes were below those of 2016 and the lowest seen in the last 15 years, which is indicative of the drought impact. The operation is focusing on agronomic activities to mitigate the impacts of climate change and to improve the resilience of the orchards to a changing growing environment. Such initiatives include heavy mulching, tree thinning, plant density reduction and replanting. Currently over 50% of our orchards are still young in production potential terms so the prospects for improved volumes going forward are positive. The processing factory is FSSC 22000 certiﬁed. South Africa Volumes were disappointing though marginally up on the previous year. As with the Malawi operations, the focus is on agronomic activities which will improve the ability of the orchards to cope with more extreme climate challenges. There is also signiﬁcant investment being made to expand water resources for irrigation from the Simpson Dam on Mambedi estate. Due to the rising costs of labour, investment is being made in the mechanisation of certain activities including harvesting, sorting and processing. The development of Mambedi estate to macadamia continues with over 80Ha of new planting completed, bringing the total development to just under 300Ha. The processing factory successfully completed the second phase of upgrading and is FSSC 22000 certiﬁed. The renewal of the lease for our Wales estate is under negotiation. If unsuccessful, it will result in Eastern Produce South Africa having to vacate the property at the expiry of the lease in March 2020 with the last harvest from the estate likely to be that for 2019. Kenya Production volumes were up on the previous year’s levels but were also impacted by the dry conditions experienced in Kenya in the ﬁrst half of the year. To combat this, similar initiatives to those of Malawi and South Africa are under way. 10 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 11 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT The footprint of the orchards continues to grow with an additional 73Ha planted to bring the total development to 1,027Ha. The age proﬁle of the orchards is very young and volumes are expected to grow rapidly with the developing maturity proﬁle. The cracking facility successfully completed its second full season of processing and is FSSC 22000 certiﬁed. Avocado Production Mature area Ha. Immature area Ha. Volume Volume 2017* mkg 2016* mkg Kenya 415 192 7.3 7.1 *Estate volumes only. In addition 0.9 million kg of smallholder fruit was packed (2016: 1.8 million kg) Avocado Pricing and Operations Avocado production was in line with expectations for the year despite the dry conditions which had a negative impact on fruit size. We exported an increased volume of Hass but Pinkerton volumes were down on the previous year. Fruit sourced from smallholders was signiﬁcantly reduced as unscrupulous exporters took advantage of European demand to export immature fruit. As a result of these exports and the associated reputational damage, Kenyan fruit is now frequently being discounted in the European market. However, by maintaining the standard of our own fruit, pricing achieved through the year was ﬁrm and in line with the previous year for similar sized fruit. New avocado development continues with 60Ha of orchards planted. The total orchard footprint now stands at 607Ha. In addition, Eastern Produce Kenya is undertaking a three year trial of Hass avocado near Kitale in western Kenya to investigate the viability of avocado production in that region. Speciality Crops Production Mature area Ha. Immature area Ha. Volume 2017 Tonnes 24,472 640 8,851 30(i) 444 100 1,414 m3 Volume 2016 Tonnes 24,078 638 4,293 678 437 94 1,656 m3 Arable (Brazil) Rubber (Bangladesh) Citrus (USA) Pistachio (USA) Wine grapes (South Africa) Almonds (USA) Pineapples (Kenya) Forestry 3,437 1,610 169 131 63 56 24 2,488 – 365 8 – 12 – – 3,378 93,758(ii) 56,772(ii) (i) 2017 was an ‘oﬀ year’ for Pistachios (ii) Volumes quoted are for conversion to value added products rather than own use as fuel wood Speciality Crops Pricing and Operations Arable. Record yields were once again achieved in soya and establishing forward contracts early for the 2017 crop ensured that the prices achieved were in line with the prior year despite an oversupplied market. Record yields were also achieved in the maize crop which more than compensated for the lower than expected prices which arose from oversupply in the market. Rubber. Production was in line with the previous year. Demand was disappointing, leading to sustained low prices throughout the year. 11 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 12 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT Citrus. In California we had a good year, with record yields being achieved for the Murcotts without an impact on prices. Navel oranges also performed well with good yields and prices. Wine. The continuing drought in the Cape meant that grape production was below expectations but in line with the previous year’s volumes. Wine sales were also disappointing. Investment was made in the winery to improve handling and quality in production. Almonds. Production and pricing was in line with expectation for this relatively immature development. Pineapples. These are being phased out at Kakuzi and will be replaced with Pinkerton avocado. Forestry. Better sales of large poles at Kakuzi led to a much improved result. We continue to raise cattle on those areas of the Kakuzi estate in Kenya unsuitable for crop development. In total, the Agriculture division made a trading proﬁt of £35.6 million (2016: £29.9 million) on revenue of £239.4 million (2016: £207.1 million). Engineering Engineering North Engineering North continued to struggle in 2017 as the anticipated pick up in the oil industry failed to translate into signiﬁcant additional sales or proﬁts. The new Site Services division, which provides services to the hydroelectric sector, has made an encouraging start. As a result, total revenue at A JT Engineering rose to £8.0 million from £6.9 million in 2016. Engineering South Abbey Metal Finishing and its subsidiary Atﬁn made a substantially increased operating proﬁt in 2017 as demand grew for their services to the aerospace industry. The two other companies in this division are in the process of being sold. XiMo XiMo, our industrial catalyst research and development business, continues to develop products with the objective of commercial use. In common with other research based businesses, it is expected to lose money pending the outcome of commercial trials. As stated earlier, we are now seeking partners to ﬁnance the next stage of its development. In total, the Engineering division made a trading loss of £2.6 million (2016: trading loss £2.6 million) on revenue of £20.5 million (2016: £18.8 million). Food Service ACS&T saw revenue and proﬁts grow substantially in 2017 as demand increased for its services from its major customers. In the Netherlands, both Aﬃsh and Wylax succeeded in increasing revenue, but due to exchange rate movements and a competitive market ended the year loss making. In total the Food Service division made a trading proﬁt of £1.8 million (2016: £0.8 million) on revenue of £37.8 million (2016: £31.6 million). Investments Investment Portfolio. The gains on sale for the year were £0.7 million (2016: £1.5 million). The total value of the portfolio at 31 December 2017 was £47.0 million (2016: £37.2 million). Investment Property. We continue to work on our estate of investment properties in order to maximise the value and the return. Following refurbishment in 2016, No. 6 Hobart Place was let during the year as was a property in Queen Square in Bristol. On the Linton Park estate work has commenced to convert surplus buildings into residential property for rent. Collections. The collections are held at cost. A number of minor additions and disposals were made during the year. 12 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 13 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT Associates BF&M recorded a strong operating year from its core insurance and investment advisory services. However, two category 5 hurricanes in the Caribbean in September 2017 (Irma and Maria) resulted in signiﬁcant costs and the need to purchase additional reinsurance cover which has led BF&M to report a reduced proﬁt before tax of Bermudian Dollar 1.9 million (2016: Bermudian Dollar 17.9 million). Our two associate companies in Bangladesh, United Insurance and United Finance, saw marginally lower proﬁts than in 2016 as a result of falling interest rates and political uncertainty. In total, the share of the results of associates amounted to £2.0 million (2016: £5.1 million). Discontinued Operation – Duncan Lawrie As previously stated, the wind down of the remaining assets of Duncan Lawrie continued throughout 2017 and the banking license was ﬁnally returned in December, indicating that the regulators in the UK are satisﬁed that all issues have been dealt with. The full ﬁnancial impact of the disposals and closure are summarised in the Chief Financial Oﬃcer’s Report. POLITICAL, LEGISLATIVE and LEGAL ISSUES The Group is present in many jurisdictions and is subject to local legislation. The following issues may have a material impact on the Group: ■ ■ At the start of 2016 the Government of Malawi put forward new legislation which proposed, inter alia, the conversion of all freehold property into 50 year leaseholds. The Group continues to monitor and assess the impact of the UK’s exit from the EU. To date the impact of the decision has been broadly conﬁned to currency movements which may impact the costs of imports, particularly tea, and the prices paid to producers. CAPITAL INVESTMENT and DEVELOPMENT We continued to invest in our assets during the year and £15.0 million was spent on property, plant and equipment and investment property (2016: £10.2 million) including the following key projects: ■ ■ ■ ■ Starting the rebuilding of the Simpson Dam in Mambedi, South Africa to assist with water retention for the macadamia estates. Trialing a new automated withering system at Chemomi factory, Kenya in order to improve quality and reduce labour costs. Building a Bought Leaf factory at our Dangujuar garden in India. Continuing improvements to Linton Park winery in South Africa. ■ Developing the Ruo factory and irrigation in Malawi. ■ Development of our investment properties in the UK. In addition to our continuous programme of replanting our tea areas, a programme to extend our planted areas in macadamia and avocado has been underway for a number of years and in 2017: ■ ■ 91Ha (2016: 65Ha) of new avocado plantings were completed in Kenya. 73Ha (2016: 97Ha) of new macadamia plantings were carried out in Kenya, 82Ha (2016: 47Ha) in South Africa and 48Ha (2016: 12Ha) in Malawi. 13 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 14 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT SUSTAINABILITY AND CSR Responsibility The Group’s businesses are fundamentally connected to the welfare of our communities and the environments in which we operate. We proactively invest to ensure these environments are protected and improved. Our focus is on the long-term stability, security and continuity of our businesses and those communities. We support and integrate the UN Sustainable Development Goals into our sustainability strategy. We invest in, monitor and report on, both Environmental and Social sustainability initiatives across all our divisions. In 2017 the Group launched a new on-line system for capturing data relating to our global environmental footprint. The system allows us to monitor our energy use, Greenhouse Gas emissions, Water and Waste, the results of which are summarised below. As part of our wider drive towards greater sustainability, we have developed a range of mid to long-term targets to reduce, in some cases substantially, the environmental impact of our operations. As an example, strategic improvements in our usage and sourcing of energy supports our ambition to align with Science Based Targets. Targets adopted by companies to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions are considered “science-based” if they are in line with the level of decarbonisation required to keep the global temperature increase below 2 degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial temperatures. Whilst monitoring and reducing our environmental footprint is critical, so too is ensuring the well-being of the communities in which we operate. We refer to this social sustainability as our “licence to trade”. The level of health and educational facilities available from state governments varies widely across our operations, and consequently so does the focus and scale of our social sustainability projects. The level of support provided to many of these communities by the Group is substantial and is summarised below. We also need to ensure that all our operations can demonstrate that they meet the requirements of our customers in terms of certiﬁcations and traceability. The vast majority of our tea gardens are RFA certiﬁed and all our macadamia, avocado and winery operations are FSSC 22000 certiﬁed. Further details of these are included in the operational reports above. Environmental Sustainability The key metrics for the Group include Greenhouse Gas emissions, water usage and waste produced. The table below sets out the Baseline (average of the three years 2013-2015) and how we have progressed since that time. Energy & Carbon Total Energy Consumed (TWh) Total Carbon Emissions (tonnes CO2e)(i) Scope 1 (tonnes CO2e) Scope 2 (tonnes CO2e) Water Total water withdrawal (million m3)(ii) Waste Total waste (tonnes)(iii) 2017 2016 Baseline 1.25 222,775 167,321 55,455 1.22 224,277 161,620 62,657 1.22 272,685 151,138 61,546 40.9 40.1 35.0 3,773 7,561 8,282 (i) A 1.4% decrease in Greenhouse Gas emissions in 2017 has been achieved through a focus on more eﬃcient use of energy, reduced tea production in 2017, and a reduction in emissions of electricity from the grid, oﬀset by an increase in fossil fuel usage in certain of our operations. (ii) Dry conditions in Kenya and South Africa as well as an expansion of our irrigation infrastructure in a number of our operations to help address the impact of drought have increased water use. (iii) These are restated ﬁgures and take account of the fact that we no longer consider certain types of compost to be waste. There are ongoing initiatives to increase our waste recycling rates in a number of our operations. 14 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 15 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT Some of the initiatives we are undertaking include: ■ Pursuing limited resource use eﬃciency, this year alone we identiﬁed over 200 energy and water management projects across the Group. ■ Ongoing investment in energy eﬃcient technology includes: upgrading lighting and trialing energy eﬃcient motors and variable speed drives, continued growth in the use of renewable energy via solar projects and the increasing use of energy eﬃcient transport across the Group. ■ Development of modern water management solutions is aligned with energy eﬃciency and improved sanitation projects in many of our operations. Precision Agriculture is increasingly used to determine the water status of both soil and plant for eﬃcient use of water in irrigation. We also implement systemic water management processes by encouraging water recycling, water harvesting through rainwater capture and by building dams. Social Sustainability We believe that all employees should be remunerated fairly and that they and their families should have access to education, healthcare and housing. The table below shows the provision of schools and healthcare by the Group in 2017. In addition, we continue to provide housing for over 200,000 people. Schools* School children educated annually Hospitals/clinics* Patient treatments annually 2017 284 33,259 114 795,581 *The funding and operation of schools and hospitals, provided for our employees and their communities, varies by location in accordance with local culture, practice and requirement. Some facilities are owned and operated by us directly, whilst others are fully or partly funded by us whilst being state and/or NGO managed and owned. Through a broad range of CSR initiatives across the Group, we contribute to improved health and nutrition, hygiene and sanitation of our communities. We assist with the improvement of local infrastructure by supporting road, water, healthcare and education projects. In 2017, our work in this area was recognised by the Tea Association, USA. Our continued focus on developing sustainable housing for our working communities is reﬂected in major housing renewal projects in India, Bangladesh, Kenya and Malawi. Health All our tea estates have a hospital, clinic or dispensary. In addition in India and Bangladesh staﬀ have access to central Group operated hospitals to which more serious cases can be referred. We provide medical services, including where appropriate antiretroviral drugs, in those communities where HIV/AIDs is prevalent. We also give medical support to schools that are either run locally or by our operations. During 2017 in India, we made our hospital facilities available to visiting surgeons to perform over 400 medical treatments for cleft palates, club feet and eye conditions. In Bangladesh, our Primary Health Care initiative is extended to all estates and provides the communities with comprehensive and specialist health programmes. Education We are committed to providing the opportunity for development for all. We provide schools in areas where we operate, either by building and running the schools or by supporting state educational projects in our communities. Aiming to develop education and opportunity for all employees, we provide skills development programmes and adult education. For example, in Malawi we support students from technical colleges by providing employment opportunities. In India, over 350 adults received educational support through a range of initiatives, including the Peter Leggatt Educational Stipend. 15 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 16 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT Female economic empowerment In order to support our working mothers and enable them to take part in the economic process, we provide over 16,000 places at ﬁxed and mobile crèches across our operations. Smallholders Demonstrating our commitment to responsible sourcing, we continue to develop smallholder programmes including agricultural training days in Kenya, Malawi and India. In 2017, we produced 19.2 million kgs of smallholder Made Tea across the Group. In Kenya, 220,000 cartons of avocados were packed for smallholders during the year. These initiatives enabled over 30,000 local farmers to improve their earnings by beneﬁting from our agricultural expertise, infrastructure and access to market. Wages We are committed to paying fair wages, beneﬁts and allowances in accordance with local legislation and trade union agreements and have received certiﬁcations from Fairtrade, the Rainforest Alliance and WEITA, among others, all of which require an audit of the Group’s employment practices as part of maintaining the accreditations. We are part of a number of other initiatives to address the issue of low pay in developing countries. All our UK companies are Living Wage accredited employers. Senior Appointments Following the retirement of Arun Singh, Chief Executive of Goodricke since 2006, I am pleased to report the appointment of Atul Asthana who will also take his place on the Agriculture Executive Committee. I am also pleased to report the appointment of Amarpal Takk who joins us as Group General Counsel and Company Secretary with eﬀect from 20 April 2018 following the resignation of Julia Morton. I would like to thank both Arun and Julia for their service to the Group over the years. Tom Franks Chief Executive 18 April 2018 16 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 17 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER’S REPORT Overview of results The proﬁt for the year ending 31 December 2017 was £28.6 million (2016: loss £5.9 million). The proﬁt improvement reﬂects, inter alia, the discontinuation of Duncan Lawrie which straddled two ﬁnancial years and resulted in a gain in 2017 on the sale of Duncan Lawrie’s asset management business while the losses on the sale of the loan books were reﬂected in the 2016 results. In addition, a signiﬁcant increase in proﬁts in Agriculture as a result of a recovery in tea prices in the second half of 2017 led to the trading proﬁt from our continuing businesses increasing to £26.4 million (2016: £19.0 million). These gains were partly oﬀset by lower results from BF&M, and provisions and impairments in respect of GU Cutting and Grinding and BMT (Great Yarmouth). The Group had net assets of £417.9 million (2016: £379.6 million) and net cash and cash equivalents of £106.8 million (2016: £71.8 million, excluding balances relating to our banking operations). Discontinued operation During 2017, the Group completed the sale of Duncan Lawrie’s UK asset management business as well as the disposals of various businesses operated by Duncan Lawrie’s Isle of Man subsidiaries. The disposal of Duncan Lawrie’s UK asset management business generated a gain on sale of £19.2 million which is reﬂected in the results for 2017, as is a small net proﬁt on the sale of the Isle of Man asset management business and trust operations. In December 2016, we completed the sale of the UK loan book. Duncan Lawrie’s banking licences were surrendered in 2017 and the business is now closed. The proﬁt from the discontinued operation in 2017 was £14.8 million (2016: loss £20.0 million) comprising the following: Duncan Lawrie’s operating loss Proﬁt on sale of Duncan Lawrie’s UK asset management business Proﬁt on sale of Duncan Lawrie’s Isle of Man asset management and trust businesses Costs associated with the closure of the operations (including staﬀ termination, contract termination and advisors fees) Impairment of property, plant, equipment, intangibles, loans and advances to customers Loss on sale of UK loan book and provision for loss on sale of Isle of Man loan book Proﬁt on sale of available for sale ﬁnancial assets Proﬁt on sale of held to maturity ﬁnancial assets Proﬁt/(loss) from discontinued operation 2017 £’m (5.5) 19.2 1.1 2016 £’m (7.5) – – – (10.3) – – – – –––––––– 14.8 –––––––– (1.2) (2.8) 1.2 0.6 –––––––– (20.0) –––––––– BF&M Following the two signiﬁcant hurricanes during 2017, BF&M’s share price fell signiﬁcantly. However, due to its conservative underwriting policies, there has been no impact on its balance sheet strength. The prospects for BF&M remain good and the underlying net asset value of the business remains signiﬁcantly ahead of the share price and accordingly no impairment provision has been made. GU Cutting and Grinding and BMT (Great Yarmouth) As a consequence of the decision to sell GU Cutting and Grinding and BMT (Great Yarmouth), these businesses have been reclassiﬁed as held for sale at the end of 2017 and an impairment charge of £1.8 million has been recognised (2016: nil). The trading proﬁts for these businesses (£0.3 million in 2017) are reported within Engineering. 17 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 18 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER’S REPORT Currencies Over the course of the year ending 31 December 2017, Sterling strengthened substantially against all our key operating currencies. This has resulted in a loss on foreign exchange translation of £28.4 million (2016: gain £52.0 million) which is reﬂected in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. Despite the signiﬁcant movement in exchange rates against Sterling between the beginning and end of the year, had we translated our proﬁt before tax for the year using the same average rates as last year, our results for 2017 would have been £0.5 million lower. Our proﬁt before tax from continuing operations includes an exchange loss of £0.1 million on transactions during the year (2016: gain £0.4 million). Cash The Group’s net cash position increased to £106.8 million at 31 December 2017 (2016: £71.8 million excluding net cash balances held within Duncan Lawrie) reﬂecting, inter alia, strong net cash inﬂows from continuing operating activities of £30.9 million (2016: inﬂow £21.5 million) and the discontinuation of the Duncan Lawrie business. The Group has loans outstanding amounting to £4.5 million. A number of the Group’s key trading subsidiaries have minority shareholders such that when cash is repatriated to the UK by way of dividends, those minorities are entitled to their share of the relevant dividend. In a number of cases, withholding taxes are also payable from our share of those dividends. Funds are reserved within our subsidiary companies for: ■ Long term development projects within our core crop portfolio. ■ Ongoing wage negotiations, the largest of which is the multi-year Kenyan Collective Bargaining Agreement (referred to below) which has been ongoing for 4 years. ■ Disputed taxation assessments (see below). These will reduce the net cash available to the Group in future years as they are resolved. However, following the ﬁnalisation of the triennial valuation for the UK deﬁned beneﬁt pension scheme, no deﬁcit reduction payments are required for the time being. Dividends In line with the Group’s long term strategy, the key use of cash is reinvestment in the business. Despite this, Camellia has a long track record of steady dividend growth and it is hoped that this historical trend is maintained. Dividend cover in 2017 is 5.9x the total dividend for the year of 135p per share. The dividend is covered 2.0x from our proﬁt after tax from continuing operations. Taxation The Group’s eﬀective tax rate of 32.5% (2016: 190.8%) reﬂects the proﬁt from the various Duncan Lawrie sales which are expected to be non-taxable and available UK losses. The 2016 tax charge reﬂects the losses incurred in the UK in respect of the discontinued operation which were not able to be relieved due to the lack of taxable proﬁts in the UK. Tax and other provisions The wage negotiations in Kenya remain unresolved for the Collective Bargaining Agreement years of 2014/15 and 2016/17 which creates uncertainty as to the cost base of our businesses in Kenya. We also have ongoing wage negotiations in India and Bangladesh. While we consider we have made adequate provision for the likely outcome of this ongoing negotiation it is diﬃcult to be deﬁnitive. We are carrying provisions for taxation arising from assessments raised by the Malawi Revenue Authority for unpaid taxes from prior years. The amount of this provision is £2.3 million at 31 December 2017. 18 249229 Camellia R&A pp01-pp19 18/04/2018 18:12 Page 19 CAMELLIA PLC CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER’S REPORT We have been advised that the gain on sale of Duncan Lawrie’s asset management business should be exempt from tax because of the nature of the assets sold. Accordingly, no provision has been made for tax on this gain. In India assessments have been received for £3.8 million of excise duties and £1.3 million of income taxes. These are being contested and no provisions have been made. In India, a long running dispute between our local subsidiaries and the Government of West Bengal over the payment of a land tax, locally called ‘Salami’, remains unresolved. Lawyers acting for the Group have advised that payment of Salami does not apply, accordingly no provisions have been made. The sums contested amount to £1.4 million excluding penalties. In some of our jurisdictions, the tax authorities have levied assessments in respect of prior years. In a number of situations the liability position under statute and case law is clear and provision has been made in line with those. Unfortunately, in other situations the law is either unclear or under developed and in these instances we make provisions on a best estimate basis for the liabilities likely to arise, having taken advice as appropriate. Pensions and post-employment beneﬁts The Group operates a number of deﬁned beneﬁt pension schemes, the largest of which is in the UK. Our 2017 triennial valuation for the UK scheme has been agreed and shows a surplus of £7.1 million. I am pleased to report that as a consequence of this surplus, no further deﬁcit reduction contributions are required for the meantime. The overseas deﬁned beneﬁt schemes are located in Bangladesh, India and the Netherlands. The UK scheme was closed to future accrual during 2016. Our businesses in Kenya, India and Bangladesh also have obligations to pay terminal gratuities based on years of service and, in some cases based on salaries. In aggregate, our employee beneﬁt schemes currently show deﬁcits on an IAS 19 basis of £30.9 million (2016: £66.7 million deﬁcit). Accounting for deﬁned beneﬁt schemes is prescribed by IAS 19 and the quantum of the deﬁcit continues to be volatile and sensitive to small changes in assumptions as regards inﬂation and gilt yields in the relevant jurisdictions. This year a net actuarial gain of £34.3 million (2016: net actuarial loss of £24.3 million) is reﬂected in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. The gain this year reﬂects: ■ ■ For the UK Scheme, the eﬀect of updating the mortality assumptions to bring them in line with the latest tables available together with better than expected returns on the scheme’s assets. For the overseas schemes, higher discounts rates in India oﬀset in part by higher than expected salary increases elsewhere. In addition, £2.7 million (2016: £2.2 million) has been charged to our Income Statement in respect of employee beneﬁt obligations. Contributions to externally funded deﬁned beneﬁt schemes are determined after consultation with the respective trustees and actuaries. Shareholders’ funds Equity attributable to Camellia’s shareholders at the 2017 year end was £368.4 million (2016: £330.8 million). A reconciliation is set out in the Group statement of changes in equity. Susan Walker Chief Financial Oﬃcer 18 April 2018 19 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 20 CAMELLIA PLC STRATEGIC REPORT Business review The Company is required to set out in this report a fair review of the business of the Group during the year ended 31 December 2017 and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group. A fair review of the business of the Group is incorporated within the Chairman’s Statement and the Chief Executive’s Report on pages 6 to 16. The Chairman’s statement and the Chief Executive’s report, together with information contained within the Report of the Directors, highlight the key factors aﬀecting the Group’s development and performance. Further details of the ﬁnancial performance and position of the Group are set out in the Chief Financial Oﬃcer’s Report on pages 17 to 19. Other matters are dealt with below. Group strategy The Board has adopted the following strategy for the Group: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ To develop a worldwide group of businesses requiring management to take a long term view. The achievement of long-term shareholder returns through sustained and targeted investment. Investing in the environment and sustainability of the communities in which we do business. Ensuring that the quality and safety of our products and services meet the highest international standards. The continuous reﬁnement and improvement of the Group’s existing businesses using our internal expertise and ﬁnancial strength. The progress against this strategy during the year is set out in further detail in the Chief Executive’s report shown on pages 7 to 16 and within the Report of the Directors. Business model The Group consists of businesses engaged in Agriculture, Engineering and Food Service. The Group also holds a range of Investments. Businesses are managed on a divisional basis with regular reports made to the Board on performance against the annual budget. Principal risks and uncertainties There are a number of possible risks and uncertainties that could impact the Group’s operations. As the Group’s businesses are widely spread both in terms of activity and location, it is unlikely that any one single factor could have a material impact on the Group’s long-term performance. The Group regularly monitors the risks at a local and central level. Information on the Group’s ﬁnancial risks is disclosed in note 39 to the Accounts. The following risks relating to the Group’s principal operations have been identiﬁed: Agriculture Risk Climate change Potential Impact Current agricultural patterns and practices become unsustainable. Drought Level of rainfall aﬀecting crop yields. Price volatility Changes in prices at auction impact proﬁtability each season. Currency ﬂuctuation Proﬁt volatility arising from sales in US dollars and Euros where there is no natural hedge against the cost of production in local currency. 20 Mitigation Geographical spread of operations to lessen the impact of extreme weather on the Group as a whole. Investment in irrigation, water storage and drought resistant crop varieties. Use of forward contracts, product and crop diversiﬁcation and building long term strategic relationships with key customers. Monitoring of foreign exchange rates and cash management. 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 21 CAMELLIA PLC STRATEGIC REPORT Agriculture (continued) Risk Potential Impact Cost of labour Increased cost of production and lower proﬁtability. Mitigation Introduction of more eﬃcient labour and ﬁeld practices and the increased use of mechanisation and automation in processing. Long term political issues over land ownership in Kenya, Malawi and South Africa Civil unrest and political instability Corruption Engineering Risk Key customer dependence Dependence on the oil and gas and aerospace sectors Health and safety Paying more for existing property (for example if freeholds become leaseholds) or potentially losing access to farms and estates. Monitoring local land issues with the assistance of lawyers and local trade associations. Maintaining collaborative relationships with governments at local and national levels. Periodic interruptions to the operation of the businesses at a local level. Increasing security for our workers and operations during times of civil unrest. Inability to carry on business in a manner which is legal and ethical. Strict adherence to anti-bribery legislation and the implementation of the Group Anti-Bribery Policy. Potential Impact Losing a major customer. Mitigation Diversiﬁcation of the customer base and careful customer relationship management. Changes in market conditions leading to lower demand for services. Eﬀorts to diversify into other sectors. Close monitoring of the current sectors. Vulnerability of the employees to injury at work due to the use of machinery and chemicals. Payment of ﬁnes and claims and reputational damage. Strict compliance with legislation and training employees to adopt safe working practices. Regular external audits. Environmental Contamination of the local and wider environment due to the use of machinery and chemicals. Payment of ﬁnes and claims and reputational damage. Strict compliance with legislation, training employees to adopt safe working practices and lessen the impact on the environment. Regular external audits. Food Service Risk Key customer dependence Health and safety Potential Impact Losing a major customer. Vulnerability of the employees to injury at work due to the use of machinery and chemicals. Payment of ﬁnes and claims, criminal prosecutions and reputational damage. Mitigation Diversiﬁcation of the customer base and careful customer relationship management. Strict compliance with legislation and training employees to adopt safe working practices. Regular external audits. 21 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 22 CAMELLIA PLC STRATEGIC REPORT Food Service (continued) Risk Potential Impact Environmental Contamination of local and wider environment due to the use of machinery and chemicals. Payment of ﬁnes and claims, criminal prosecutions and reputational damage. Mitigation Strict compliance with legislation, training employees to adopt safe working practices and lessen the impact on the environment. Regular external audits. IT systems Interruption to services for customers. Implementation of a disaster recovery plan. Investments Risk Potential Impact Mitigation Market Decline in the value of investments. Portfolio diversiﬁcation, careful stock selection and the regular monitoring of individual company stock performance. Potential Impact Mitigation Increase in the ﬁnal salary pension scheme deﬁcit with a resultant increase in the funding requirement. The Board monitors the funding position of the pension scheme. Increase in the pension scheme deﬁcits with a resultant increase in the funding requirement. Regular monitoring of the funding position, investment strategy and performance of the assets. Regular reviews of the funding position of the pension schemes and local legislation using external advisors, where appropriate. Group Risk UK Pensions. Increases in inﬂation and/or reductions in long term government bond yields. Overseas Pensions. Increases in inﬂation and/or reductions in long term government bond yields. Changes in local laws prohibiting the investment of the schemes’ assets. Taxation risk Uncertainties exist in relation to the interpretation of complex tax legislation, changes in tax laws, and the amount and timing of future taxable income. In some jurisdictions agreeing tax liabilities with local tax authorities can take several years. This could necessitate future adjustments to taxable income and expenses already recorded. At the year-end, tax liabilities and assets are based on management’s best judgements around the application of the tax regulations and an estimate of the future amounts that will be settled. Management considers tax exposures individually, and arrives at judgements with support from experienced tax professionals and external advisors. There is, however, a risk that the Group’s judgements are challenged by the tax authorities, resulting in a diﬀerent tax payable or tax recoverable from the amounts that have been provided. 22 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 23 CAMELLIA PLC STRATEGIC REPORT Uncertainties impacting taxation also arise from potential changes to legislation. The OECD’s Base Erosion and Proﬁt Shifting project is one of the most signiﬁcant multilateral initiatives in recent years modifying international tax rules. As these recommendations are introduced into local tax legislation over the coming years, this may impact the Group’s eﬀective tax rate. Social and environmental policies Further information on the Group’s activities and policies on corporate and social responsibility is set out in the Chief Executive’s report on page 6 to 16. Equality We have consciously and continuously worked towards encouraging equality in management positions across our operations. Disability The Group complies with local regulations to encourage employees with disabilities to work in our operations and where appropriate, makes adjustments to working practices. Child Labour The use of child labour is prohibited across the Group. In some countries, it is both the cultural norm and permissible for parents to involve their children in the productive process. We do not subscribe to this approach. Modern Slavery The Group continues to comply with the requirements of the Modern Slavery Act 2015, to ensure that modern slavery and human traﬃcking is not taking place either within the wider group or in the supply chains of our businesses. A copy of the statement of compliance for the year to 31 December 2017 is available on the Company’s website. Anti-Bribery and Corruption The Board has adopted an anti-bribery policy which complies with the requirements of the UK Bribery Act 2010. The policy has been introduced across the Group and its compliance is monitored at both Group and local level. The Board strictly prohibits bribery as part of its normal business practices. Performance against our policies There are no current employment or environmental issues that prejudice the continuing development of the Group. None of the Group’s businesses were prosecuted for any signiﬁcant breach of employment legislation during the year. The Board has established a process for ensuring that the corporate social responsibility policy is enforced across the Group. Key ﬁnancial performance indicators The nature of the Group’s principal activities is such that the Board takes a long-term view on its operations, particularly in Agriculture. The Board reviews monthly reports with a range of ﬁnancial and other indicators to monitor the performance of each division depending on the nature of its operations. For the Agriculture division, the Board receives monthly data on sales prices and volumes, cost of production and crop yields against budget. Rainfall and other climate data are also reviewed. For the Engineering division, the Board receives monthly data on revenue, proﬁt and margins. In addition, the value of the outstanding order book is reviewed. For the Food Service division, the Board receives monthly data on revenue, proﬁt and margins. In addition, cold store utilisation is monitored. For Investments, the value and performance of the share portfolio is reviewed each month and the collections are periodically valued against market price. 23 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 24 CAMELLIA PLC STRATEGIC REPORT Key non-ﬁnancial performance indicators The following information has been compiled based on data provided by the Group’s subsidiaries. The Board considers that this information demonstrates the level of compliance with important elements of the Group’s principles. The Board will regularly review which key non-ﬁnancial performance indicators are most appropriate. 1 Compliance a)Prosecutions b)Formal warnings 2 Child Labour a)Minimum age b)Access to education 3 Accidents a)Injury 4 Health a)Sickness absence b)Sickness claims 2017 2016 2015 The number of prosecutions brought in the ﬁnancial year by the oﬃcial regulatory bodies responsible for enforcing regulations in the areas of: – Employment – Worker health and safety – Environmental protection The number of written warnings during the ﬁnancial year by the oﬃcial regulatory bodies responsible for enforcing regulations in the areas of: – Employment – Worker health and safety – Environmental protection The number of employees who were less than 16 years old during the ﬁnancial year The number of employees who were younger than the age for completing compulsory education in their country during the ﬁnancial year – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 3 – – – The number of injuries received at work resulting in either absence from work for more than three days, or the injured person being unable to do the full range of their normal duties for more than three days 223 287 317 The number of employee days absence as a result of sickness during the ﬁnancial year(i) The number of claims for compensation arising from occupational health issues received during the ﬁnancial year in respect of continuing operations 235,265 237,527 238,160 3 10 20 5 Industrial Disputes Strikes The number of employee days absence as a result of industrial disputes 321,409 33,331 951 (i) This excludes the relevant number of days for tea garden workers in India who have a contractual entitlement to fourteen days sickness absence. In Malawi there is high level of sickness due to HIV/AIDS related conditions and malaria. (ii) As reported elsewhere, in 2017 all the Darjeeling tea gardens were subject to prolonged strikes. Employees The Group keeps employees informed, through internal publications, the website and social media on the performance of the Group and on matters aﬀecting them as employees and arrangements to that end are made by the local management. It is also Group policy that due consideration be given to employment applications received from disabled persons and to give employees who become disabled every opportunity to continue their employment. 24 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 25 CAMELLIA PLC STRATEGIC REPORT The table below provides a breakdown of the gender of the directors and employees at 31 December 2017: Company Directors (i) Other senior managers (ii) All employees Men 6 7 40,559 Women 1 2 34,454 (i) (ii) Company Directors consists of the company’s Board as detailed on page 4. “Other senior managers” is as deﬁned in The Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors’ report) Regulations 2013, and includes persons responsible for planning, directing or controlling the activities of the Company, or a strategically signiﬁcant part of the Company, other than Company Directors. By order of the Board Julia Morton Secretary 18 April 2018 25 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 26 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS The Directors present their report together with the audited consolidated accounts for the year ended 31 December 2017. Principal activities The Company is a public limited company, which is quoted on the AIM Market of the London Stock Exchange and incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The principal activities of its subsidiary and associated undertakings comprise: Agriculture Engineering Food Service Investments Further details of the Group’s activities are included in the Chief Executive’s report on pages 6 to 16. Results and dividends The proﬁt after tax for the year amounted to £28.6 million (2016: loss £5.9 million). The Board has proposed a ﬁnal dividend for the year of 98p per share payable on 13 July 2018 to holders of the ordinary shares registered at the close of business on 15 June 2018. The total dividend payable for 2017 is therefore 135p per share (2016: 130p per share). Details are shown in note 12 to the Accounts. Directors The Directors are listed on page 4. The following Directors had beneﬁcial interests in the shares of the Company. Camellia Plc ordinary shares of 10p each: Malcolm Perkins Tom Franks Susan Walker 31 December 2017 1 January 2017 1,673 100 100 1,673 100 100 Under the Company’s articles of association all the Directors are required to retire annually. Accordingly, Malcolm Perkins, Tom Franks, Susan Walker, Graham Mclean, Chris Relleen, Frédéric Vuilleumier and William Gibson will retire and, being eligible, will seek re-election at the AGM on 7 June 2018. Gautam Dalal was appointed as a Director on 1 March 2018 and will seek election to the Board at the AGM. None of the Directors or their families had a material interest in any contract of signiﬁcance with the Company or any subsidiary during, or at the end of, the ﬁnancial year. Executive Directors Malcolm Perkins was appointed a Director in 1999 and Chairman in 2001 having joined Eastern Produce (Holdings) Limited now Linton Park Plc in 1972. He is a chartered accountant and Chairman of the nomination committee. Tom Franks was appointed as Chief Executive with eﬀect from 1 September 2015. He joined Camellia as Deputy Chief Executive in October 2014. He is a chartered accountant and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Securities & Investment. Graham Mclean, a qualiﬁed agriculturalist, was appointed as Managing Director of Agriculture in October 2014. He was previously regional director of the Group’s operations in Africa and has worked for the Group for 25 years. He is Chairman and non-executive director of Kakuzi Limited. Susan Walker was appointed Chief Financial Oﬃcer for the Group on 4 June 2015. She joined Camellia as Finance Director Designate on 1 July 2014. She is a chartered certiﬁed accountant and a non-executive director of Goodricke Group Limited and United Finance Limited. 26 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 27 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS Non-Executive Directors Chris Relleen was formerly a partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers. He was appointed as an independent non-executive Director and Deputy Chairman in January 2006 having previously been a non-executive Director of Linton Park Plc. He is senior independent Director, chairman of the audit committee and a member of the nomination and remuneration committees. William Gibson was appointed as an independent non-executive Director in September 2014. He was previously chairman and managing director of Westminster Press and an executive director of the Financial Times Group. He is chairman of the remuneration committee and a member of the audit and nomination committees. Frédéric Vuilleumier was appointed as an independent non-executive director in March 2013. He is partner of Oberson Abels SA, a law oﬃce based in Geneva, Switzerland. He is a member of the audit committee. Gautam Dalal was appointed as an independent non-executive director in March 2018. He is a non- executive director and the vice chair of the Barts Health NHS Trust, a non-executive director of ZincOx Resources plc, a trustee and treasurer of SOAS, University of London. He was previously a partner at KPMG, London from 1990 to 2010, a founder-director of the UK India Business Council, a member of the Asian Business Association, a trustee of The National Gallery and a director of AMREF Health Africa’s International Board. Substantial shareholdings As at 18 April 2018 the Company has been advised of the following interests in its share capital: Beneﬁcial shareholder Shareholder No. of Shares Camellia Private Trust Company Limited Camellia Holding AG 1,427,000 Fide Holding NV* Quaero Capital SA Lynchwood Nominees Limited 360,500 HSBC Global Custody Nominee (UK) Limited 133,588 *Controlled by Alcatel Bell Pensioenfonds VZW. % of total voting rights 51.67 13.05 4.84 Share capital and purchase of own shares The Company’s share capital comprises one class of ordinary shares of 10 pence each which carry no restrictions on the transfer of shares or on voting rights (other than as set out in the Company’s articles of association). There are no agreements known to the Company between shareholders in the Company which may result in restrictions on the transfer of shares or on voting rights in relation to the Company. Details of the issued share capital are contained in note 34 to the Accounts. At the AGM in 2017, shareholders gave authority for the Company to purchase up to 276,200 of its own shares. This authority expires at the conclusion of this year’s AGM at which a resolution proposing renewal of the authority will be submitted to shareholders. Disclosure of information to auditors A resolution proposing the reappointment of Deloitte LLP will be put to the AGM on 7 June 2018. Each of the persons who were Directors at the time when this Directors’ report was approved has conﬁrmed that: ■ ■ So far as each Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditors are unaware. Each Director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a Director, including making appropriate enquiries of fellow Directors and of the Company’s auditors for that purpose, in order to be aware of any information needed by the Company’s auditors in connection with preparing their report and to establish that the Company’s auditors are aware of that information. 27 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 28 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS Employees Details in relation to employees are set out on pages 24 and 25. R&D The Group undertakes some R&D projects within its operations in order to improve eﬃciency and grow revenues and in the case of XiMo, as the core of its business. Future development Details of future developments are set out in the Chief Executive’s Report. Going concern After reviewing the Group’s budget for 2018 and other forecasts, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Therefore they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the accounts. Corporate governance The Company’s statement on corporate governance can be found in the Corporate Governance Report on pages 29 to 32. By order of the Board Julia Morton Secretary 18 April 2018 28 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 29 CAMELLIA PLC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Statement of compliance This statement on pages 29 to 32 describes how the Company applies the principles of the Quoted Companies Alliance’s Corporate Governance Code for Small and Mid-size Quoted Companies (“QCA guidelines”). The Chairman considers the application of standards of corporate governance that are appropriate for the Group’s nature, status, proﬁle, size and circumstances play an important part in ensuring the Group is managed for the long-term beneﬁt of all stakeholders. The Group consists of a portfolio of businesses which are grouped into independently managed divisions. These divisions report into the Board by function against a variety of metrics including budgets and business plans. The Board The Board currently comprises eight Directors, four of whom are independent non-executive Directors. The remaining Directors are executive Directors, including the executive Chairman. Chris Relleen, the Deputy Chairman, has been designated as the senior independent director. The names and brief biographical details of each Director appear on pages 26 and 27. There is on-going dialogue between the Chairman and the Chief Executive with the majority shareholder whose views are reported to the Board. The Company is also in contact with other signiﬁcant shareholders. The Board has established remuneration, audit and nomination committees. Terms of reference of each of the committees can be viewed on the Company’s website. The Board has agreed to undertake a performance evaluation by way of an internal review every three years. The last evaluation was conducted in 2015. Details of the evaluation procedures will be disclosed when the next review is completed at the end of 2018. The Board is responsible for managing the Group’s business and has adopted a schedule of matters reserved for its approval. The schedule is reviewed periodically and covers, inter alia, the following areas: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Strategy Acquisitions and disposals Financial reporting and control Internal controls Approval of expenditure above speciﬁed limits Approval of transactions and contracts above speciﬁed limits Responsibilities for corporate governance Board membership and committees Approval of changes to capital structure A full copy of the schedule is available on the Company’s website. 29 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 30 CAMELLIA PLC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE A report summarising the Group’s ﬁnancial and operational performance including detailed information on each of its businesses is sent to Directors each month. Each Director is provided with suﬃcient information in advance of Board meetings to enable the Directors to make informed judgements on matters referred to the Board. The Board met nine times in 2017. Attendance by Directors at Board and committee meetings held during the year was as follows: Director Malcolm Perkins Chris Relleen Tom Franks Graham Mclean Susan Walker William Gibson Frédéric Vuilleumier Board Audit Remuneration Nomination 9/9 9/9 9/9 9/9 9/9 9/9 8/9 – 3/3 – – – 3/3 3/3 – 3/3 – – – 3/3 – 1/1 1/1 – – – 1/1 – Executive committees The Board has established the Strategy Group, consisting of the Chairman and the executive Directors of the Board, and two Executive Committees. The Agriculture Executive Committee is chaired by the Managing Director of Agriculture and includes the Chief Executive, Chief Financial Oﬃcer and heads of all the key agricultural operations. The Engineering and Food Service Executive Committee is chaired by the Chief Executive and includes the Chief Financial Oﬃcer, the divisional heads of Engineering North, Engineering South and Food Service, the Managing Director of Jing Tea, the Company Secretary and the UK Head of HR. Investments and Associates report directly to the Chief Executive. Nomination committee The nomination committee is chaired by Malcolm Perkins. Its other members are William Gibson and Chris Relleen. The principal responsibilities of the nomination committee are set out below: ■ ■ ■ Review the balance and composition (including gender and diversity) of the Board, ensuring that they remain appropriate. Be responsible for overseeing the Board’s succession planning requirements including the identiﬁcation and assessment of potential Board candidates and making recommendations to the Board for its approval. Keep under review the leadership needs of, and succession planning for, the Group in relation to both its executive and non-executive Directors and other senior executives. The committee met once during the year to recommend the appointment of a non-executive Director. Audit committee The audit committee is chaired by Chris Relleen. The other members of the committee are Frédéric Vuilleumier and William Gibson. During 2017, the committee met on three occasions. 30 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 31 CAMELLIA PLC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Principal responsibilities The principal responsibilities of the audit committee are set out below and were undertaken during the year: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ To monitor the eﬀectiveness of the Group’s risk management practices. To review the eﬀectiveness of the Group’s internal control system. The committee regularly reviews the eﬀectiveness of internal audit activities carried out by the Group’s accounting function and senior management. To review and monitor the ﬁnancial statements of the Company and the audit of those statements and to monitor compliance with relevant ﬁnancial reporting requirements and legislation. To monitor the eﬀectiveness and independence of the external auditors. To review non-audit services provided by the external auditors. Signiﬁcant issues in relation to ﬁnancial statements The audit committee assesses whether suitable accounting policies have been adopted and whether management has made appropriate estimates and judgements. In the year under review, the audit committee considered the following matters in relation to the ﬁnancial statements: Biological assets. One of the key areas of judgement that the committee considered in reviewing the ﬁnancial statements was the valuation of the biological assets in accordance with IAS 41. Valuations are carried out by external professional valuers or are based on discounted cash ﬂows. These were considered for consistency of approach and assumptions agreed as reasonable. For more details see note 19 to the accounts. Pensions. A key area of judgement is in relation to the value of the pension scheme obligation. Whilst this is conducted by independent actuaries, the size of the obligation means that a relatively minor diﬀerence in the assumptions could result in a material change in the obligation. The committee considered the competence of the actuaries and the key assumptions adopted and concluded that the work performed is suﬃcient to support the value. Assets held for sale. The committee considered the reclassiﬁcation of BMT (Great Yarmouth) and GU Cutting and Grinding as assets held for sale including reviewing the impairment provisions required. Tax and other uncertain provisions. The basis of provisions for material uncertain tax situations were considered by the committee as were the provision in respect of the ongoing Collective Bargaining Agreement negotiations for 2014/15 and 2016/17. The committee is satisﬁed that the provisions represent best estimates of the likely liabilities. External auditor To assess the eﬀectiveness of the external audit process, the external auditor is required to report to the audit committee and conﬁrm their independence in accordance with ethical standards and that they had maintained appropriate internal safeguards to ensure their independence and objectivity. In addition to the steps taken by the Board to safeguard auditor objectivity, Deloitte operates a ﬁve year rotation policy for audit partners for a listed entity. The committee reviewed those non-audit services provided by the external auditor and satisﬁed itself that the scale and nature of those services were such that the external auditors objectivity and independence were safeguarded. 31 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 32 CAMELLIA PLC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Following the appointment of Deloitte LLP as the Group’s external auditor, the committee oversaw the transition from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The committee conﬁrms that the annual report and accounts, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s performance, business model and strategy. Remuneration committee The remuneration committee is chaired by William Gibson and the other member is Chris Relleen. The responsibilities of the committee include: ■ ■ ■ The review of the Group’s policy relating to remuneration of the Chairman, executive Directors and the Company Secretary. To determine the terms of employment and remuneration of the Chairman, executive Directors and Company Secretary with a view to ensuring that those individuals are fairly but responsibly rewarded. To approve compensation packages or arrangements following the severance of any executive Director’s service contract. The Remuneration Report appears on pages 34 to 35. Insurance The Company purchases insurance to cover its Directors in respect of legal actions against them in their capacity as Directors of the Company. All Directors have access to independent professional advice at the Company’s expense. Share capital structure The share capital of the Company is set out in note 34. Internal control and risk management systems The Directors acknowledge that they are responsible for maintaining a sound system of internal control. During the year, the audit committee, on behalf of the Board, reviewed the eﬀectiveness of the framework of the Group’s system of internal control, the principal features of which are described below. Decentralisation is a key management philosophy with responsibility for eﬃcient day to day operations delegated to local management. Accountability and delegation of authority are clearly deﬁned with regular communication between Group head oﬃce and local management. Our key operating businesses have internal audit functions reporting to local audit committees. The performance of each company is continually monitored centrally including a critical review of annual budgets, forecasts and monthly sales, proﬁts and cash reports. Financial results and key business statistics and variances from approved plans are carefully monitored. Group senior management regularly visit and review the Group’s operating units. However, any system of internal control can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance against material mis-statement or loss. By order of the Board Julia Morton Secretary 18 April 2018 32 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 33 CAMELLIA PLC STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the Directors to prepare ﬁnancial statements for each ﬁnancial year. Under that law the Directors are required to prepare the Group ﬁnancial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the EU and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation and have also chosen to prepare the parent company ﬁnancial statements under IFRSs as adopted by the EU. Under Company law the Directors must not approve the accounts unless they are satisﬁed that they give a true and fair view of the state of aﬀairs of the company and of the proﬁt or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing these ﬁnancial statements, International Accounting Standard 1 requires that Directors: ■ ■ ■ Properly select and apply accounting policies. Present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information. Provide additional disclosures when compliance with the speciﬁc requirements in IFRSs are insuﬃcient to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the entity’s ﬁnancial position and ﬁnancial performance; and ■ Make an assessment of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are suﬃcient to show and explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the ﬁnancial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the ﬁnancial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and ﬁnancial information included on the company’s website. Legislation in the UK governing the preparation and dissemination of ﬁnancial statements may diﬀer from legislation in other jurisdictions. Responsibility statement We conﬁrm that to the best of our knowledge: ■ ■ ■ The ﬁnancial statements, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, ﬁnancial position and proﬁt or loss of the Company and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole. The strategic report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Company and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face. The Annual Report and ﬁnancial statements, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced and understandable and provide the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s position and performance, business model and strategy. On behalf of the Board Malcolm Perkins Chairman 18 April 2018 33 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 34 CAMELLIA PLC REMUNERATION REPORT This report is drawn up in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 and the AIM Rules for Companies. Remuneration committee Details of the remuneration committee (“the committee”) are set out on page 32. Policy on Directors’ remuneration The policy agreed by the committee is as follows:- ■ ■ ■ To seek to provide remuneration packages that will attract, retain and motivate the right people for the roles. So far as is practicable to align the interests of the executives with those of shareholders. To reﬂect the overriding remuneration philosophy and the principles of the wider Group. In implementing the second point, the Company does not operate proﬁt related bonus, share option or share incentive schemes for Directors as the Group’s activities are based largely on agriculture, which is highly dependent on factors outside management control such as the weather and market prices. The policy is designed to ensure that the Directors manage the Group’s businesses for the long term in line with the strategy of the Group. In determining this remuneration policy and the remuneration of Directors, consideration has been given to the relevant provisions of the QCA guidelines. The remuneration policy was approved by shareholders at the 2017 AGM. The committee considers any views of the shareholders expressed on Directors’ remuneration. At the AGM on 1 June 2017, the Remuneration Report for the year to 31 December 2016 was approved by shareholders with 99.46% of the votes cast in favour, 0.53% of the votes cast against and 0.01 votes withheld. Service contracts Malcolm Perkins, Tom Franks, Graham Mclean and Susan Walker are each employed on rolling service contracts. Director Malcolm Perkins Tom Franks Graham Mclean Susan Walker Date of Service Contract 25 April 2002 8 April 2015 10 April 2015 14 April 2015 The service contracts are terminable at any time by a one year period of notice from the Company or the Director. Following their initial appointment non-executive Directors may seek re-election by shareholders at each subsequent annual general meeting. Non-executive Directors do not have service agreements. There are no speciﬁc contractual provisions for compensation upon early termination of a non-executive Director’s employment. 34 249229 Camellia R&A pp20-pp35 18/04/2018 18:13 Page 35 CAMELLIA PLC REMUNERATION REPORT The following sections on Directors’ remuneration and pensions have been audited. Directors’ remuneration Executive Malcolm Perkins Tom Franks Susan Walker Graham Mclean Non-executive William Gibson Chris Relleen Frédéric Vuilleumier Totals Remuneration 2016 £ 2017 £ Beneﬁts in Kind 2016 2017 £ £ 442,344 522,500 295,625 322,500 442,344 495,000 250,000 275,000 76,630 55,887 24,695 26,770 33,212 68,095 30,676 37,209 Employer Pension Contribution 2017 £ – – 5,500 4,475 2016 £ – – 20,000 22,000 Total 2017 £ 2016 £ 518,974 578,387 325,820 353,745 475,556 563,095 300,676 334,209 43,350 44,651 87,500 68,077 40,800 42,024 –––––––– –––––––– 1,737,721 1,633,994 –––––––– –––––––– – – – –––––––– 183,982 –––––––– – – – –––––––– 169,192 –––––––– – – – –––––––– 9,975 –––––––– – – – –––––––– 44,651 68,077 42,024 –––––––– 43,350 87,500 40,800 –––––––– 42,000 1,931,678 1,845,186 –––––––– –––––––– –––––––– Notes (i) The executive Directors' beneﬁts in kind include the value attributed to medical insurance, permanent health insurance, spouse/partner travel and cash alternatives to company cars. (ii) Chris Relleen received an additional annual fee for his chairmanship of the audit committee and for his non-executive directorship of Duncan Lawrie Limited. (iii) William Gibson received an additional annual fee for his chairmanship of the remuneration committee. Directors’ pensions Malcolm Perkins received no payment for pensionable service during 2017. Tom Franks receives an excess non-pensionable salary supplement equivalent to 10% of base salary. Graham Mclean and Susan Walker were members of the Linton Park Group Personal Pension Scheme which is a deﬁned contribution based scheme until 5 April 2017. As a result of the change to the taxation rules on pension annual allowances, the company ceased contributions to the Linton Park Group Personal Pension Scheme on 6 April for Graham Mclean and Susan Walker. They instead receive an excess non-pensionable salary supplement equivalent to 10% of base salary. These payments are included in ‘Remuneration’ in the table above. In addition to the above, an unfunded pension of US$200,000 per annum is paid to Gordon Fox, a former Director of the Company. By order of the Board Julia Morton Secretary 18 April 2018 35 249229 Camellia R&A pp36-pp42 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 36 CAMELLIA PLC CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT for the year ended 31 December 2017 Continuing operations Revenue Cost of sales Gross proﬁt Other operating income Distribution costs Administrative expenses Trading proﬁt Share of associates’ results Impairment of property, plant and equipment and provisions Proﬁt on disposal of available-for-sale investments Investment income Finance income Finance costs Net exchange (loss)/gain Employee beneﬁt expense Net ﬁnance (cost)/income Proﬁt before tax from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt after tax from continuing operations Proﬁt/(loss) from discontinued operation Proﬁt/(loss) for the year Proﬁt/(loss) attributable to: Owners of the parent Non-controlling interests Notes 2 3 1, 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 10 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 298.3 (219.3) ––––––––––– 79.0 2.4 (13.9) (41.1) ––––––––––– 26.4 2.0 (1.8) 0.7 ––––––––––– 27.3 0.6 3.0 (0.5) (0.1) (2.7) (0.3) ––––––––––– 27.6 (13.8) ––––––––––– 13.8 14.8 ––––––––––– 28.6 ––––––––––– 22.2 6.4 ––––––––––– 28.6 ––––––––––– 257.9 (188.5) ––––––––––– 69.4 2.3 (14.7) (38.0) ––––––––––– 19.0 5.1 – 1.5 ––––––––––– 25.6 0.6 2.7 (0.6) 0.4 (2.2) 0.3 ––––––––––– 26.5 (12.4) ––––––––––– 14.1 (20.0) ––––––––––– (5.9) ––––––––––– (10.7) 4.8 ––––––––––– (5.9) ––––––––––– Earnings per share – basic and diluted Earnings per share – continuing operations Earnings per share – discontinued operation 13 13 13 803.8p 268.0p 535.8p (387.4)p 336.7p (724.1)p 36 249229 Camellia R&A pp36-pp42 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 37 CAMELLIA PLC STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME for the year ended 31 December 2017 Group Proﬁt/(loss) for the year Other comprehensive income/(expense): Items that will not be reclassiﬁed subsequently to proﬁt or loss: Remeasurements of post employment beneﬁt obligations Deferred tax movement in relation to post employment beneﬁt obligations Items that may be reclassiﬁed subsequently to proﬁt or loss: Foreign exchange translation diﬀerences Available-for-sale investments: Valuation gains taken to equity Transferred to income statement on sale Share of other comprehensive income of associates Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax Total comprehensive income for the year Total comprehensive income attributable to: Owners of the parent Non-controlling interests Company Proﬁt for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Notes 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 28.6 ––––––––––– (5.9) ––––––––––– 33 32 23 23 34.3 (24.3) (1.0) ––––––––––– 33.3 ––––––––––– 1.2 ––––––––––– (23.1) ––––––––––– (28.4) 52.0 10.9 (0.3) – ––––––––––– (17.8) ––––––––––– 15.5 ––––––––––– 44.1 ––––––––––– 41.1 3.0 ––––––––––– 44.1 ––––––––––– 3.9 ––––––––––– 3.9 ––––––––––– 3.5 (1.2) 0.2 ––––––––––– 54.5 ––––––––––– 31.4 ––––––––––– 25.5 ––––––––––– 13.8 11.7 ––––––––––– 25.5 ––––––––––– 4.0 ––––––––––– 4.0 ––––––––––– 37 249229 Camellia R&A pp36-pp42 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 38 CAMELLIA PLC CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET at 31 December 2017 Non-current assets Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Investment properties Biological assets Prepaid operating leases Investments in associates Deferred tax assets Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Other investments - heritage assets Retirement beneﬁt surplus Trade and other receivables Total non-current assets Current assets Inventories Biological assets Trade and other receivables Current income tax assets Cash and cash equivalents Assets classiﬁed as held for sale Assets classiﬁed as held for sale – discontinued operation Total current assets Current liabilities Borrowings Trade and other payables Current income tax liabilities Employee beneﬁt obligations Provisions Liabilities directly associated with assets classiﬁed as held for sale Liabilities directly associated with assets classiﬁed as held for sale – discontinued operation Total current liabilities Net current assets Total assets less current liabilities Non-current liabilities Borrowings Deferred tax liabilities Employee beneﬁt obligations Total non-current liabilities Net assets Equity Called up share capital Share premium Reserves Equity attributable to owners of the parent Non-controlling interests Total equity 38 Notes 16 17 18 19 20 22 32 23 25 33 27 26 19 27 28 9 10 30 29 33 31 9 10 30 32 33 34 2017 £’m 3.2 216.3 17.6 12.8 0.9 55.4 0.2 47.0 9.4 0.3 1.9 ––––––––––– 365.0 ––––––––––– 47.4 6.6 43.7 0.9 108.0 ––––––––––– 206.6 4.9 – ––––––––––– 211.5 ––––––––––– (1.8) (56.5) (7.9) (0.7) (15.2) ––––––––––– (82.1) (1.8) – ––––––––––– (83.9) ––––––––––– 127.6 ––––––––––– 492.6 ––––––––––– (4.0) (40.2) (30.5) ––––––––––– (74.7) ––––––––––– 417.9 ––––––––––– 0.3 15.3 352.8 ––––––––––– 368.4 49.5 ––––––––––– 417.9 ––––––––––– 2016 £’m 1.1 232.2 17.0 13.9 1.0 61.0 0.2 37.2 9.2 0.1 1.8 ––––––––––– 374.7 ––––––––––– 50.6 7.2 40.6 1.0 72.9 ––––––––––– 172.3 – 266.9 ––––––––––– 439.2 ––––––––––– (1.7) (58.7) (6.5) (0.9) (8.6) ––––––––––– (76.4) – (244.2) ––––––––––– (320.6) ––––––––––– 118.6 ––––––––––– 493.3 ––––––––––– (4.5) (43.3) (65.9) ––––––––––– (113.7) ––––––––––– 379.6 ––––––––––– 0.3 15.3 315.2 ––––––––––– 330.8 48.8 ––––––––––– 379.6 ––––––––––– 249229 Camellia R&A pp36-pp42 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 39 CAMELLIA PLC COMPANY BALANCE SHEET at 31 December 2017 Non-current assets Investments in subsidiaries Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Other investments - heritage assets Total non-current assets Current assets Amounts due from group undertakings Current income tax asset Cash and cash equivalents Total current assets Current liabilities Trade and other payables Amounts due to group undertakings Total current liabilities Net current liabilities Total assets less current liabilities Non-current liabilities Deferred tax liabilities Total non-current liabilities Net assets Equity Called up share capital Share premium Reserves Total equity Notes 2017 £’m 21 23 25 28 29 32 34 73.5 – 10.6 ––––––––––– 84.1 ––––––––––– 3.5 0.1 0.1 ––––––––––– 3.7 ––––––––––– (0.2) (20.7) ––––––––––– (20.9) ––––––––––– (17.2) ––––––––––– 66.9 ––––––––––– (0.2) ––––––––––– (0.2) ––––––––––– 66.7 ––––––––––– 0.3 15.3 51.1 ––––––––––– 66.7 ––––––––––– 2016 £’m 73.5 0.2 10.4 ––––––––––– 84.1 ––––––––––– 18.3 0.1 – ––––––––––– 18.4 ––––––––––– (0.1) (35.7) ––––––––––– (35.8) ––––––––––– (17.4) ––––––––––– 66.7 ––––––––––– (0.2) ––––––––––– (0.2) ––––––––––– 66.5 ––––––––––– 0.3 15.3 50.9 ––––––––––– 66.5 ––––––––––– The proﬁt for the Company is shown in note 11. The notes on pages 43 to 101 form part of the ﬁnancial statements. The ﬁnancial statements on pages 36 to 101 were approved on 18 April 2018 by the board of Directors and signed on their behalf by: M C Perkins Chairman Registered Number 00029559 39 249229 Camellia R&A pp36-pp42 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 40 CAMELLIA PLC CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT for the year ended 31 December 2017 Notes 35 Cash generated from operations Cash ﬂows from operating activities Interest paid Income taxes paid Interest received Net cash ﬂow from operating activities Cash ﬂows from investing activities Purchase of intangible assets Purchase of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sale of non-current assets Purchase of investment property Biological assets: non-current – additions Part disposal of subsidiaries Cash balances transferred to assets held for sale Investment in associates Dividends received from associates Purchase of investments Proceeds from sale of investments Income from investments Purchase of other investments – heritage assets Net cash ﬂow from investing activities Cash ﬂows from ﬁnancing activities Equity dividends paid Dividends paid to non-controlling interests New loans Loans repaid Net cash ﬂow from ﬁnancing activities Net increase in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations Net cash inﬂow/(outﬂow) from discontinued operation Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Exchange (losses)/gains on cash Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 10 28 28 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 40.7 (0.5) (12.3) 3.0 ––––––––––– 30.9 ––––––––––– (2.5) (20.6) 1.3 (0.2) (0.2) 0.2 (0.3) (1.0) 2.8 (4.0) 1.8 0.6 (0.2) ––––––––––– (22.3) ––––––––––– (3.6) (2.5) 0.1 (0.6) ––––––––––– (6.6) ––––––––––– 2.0 38.2 71.8 (5.2) ––––––––––– 106.8 ––––––––––– 35.3 (0.7) (15.8) 2.7 ––––––––––– 21.5 ––––––––––– (0.2) (14.2) 0.3 (0.5) (0.3) 1.2 – – 2.3 (2.4) 5.6 0.6 (0.2) ––––––––––– (7.8) ––––––––––– (3.6) (3.3) 0.1 (0.6) ––––––––––– (7.4) ––––––––––– 6.3 (10.5) 65.6 10.4 ––––––––––– 71.8 ––––––––––– For the purposes of the cash ﬂow statement, cash and cash equivalents are included net of overdrafts repayable on demand. These overdrafts are excluded from the deﬁnition of cash and cash equivalents disclosed on the balance sheet. 40 249229 Camellia R&A pp36-pp42 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 41 CAMELLIA PLC COMPANY CASH FLOW STATEMENT for the year ended 31 December 2017 Cash generated from operations Proﬁt before tax Adjustments for: Impairment of available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Interest income Dividends from group companies Increase in trade and other payables Net movement in intra-group balances Cash used in operations Interest received Net cash ﬂow from operating activities Cash ﬂows from investing activities Purchase of other investments – heritage assets Dividends received Net cash ﬂow from investing activities Cash ﬂows from ﬁnancing activities Equity dividends paid Net cash ﬂow from ﬁnancing activities Net movement in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Exchange gain on cash Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Notes 2017 £’m 3.9 0.2 (0.2) (5.2) 0.1 (0.2) ––––––––––– (1.4) 0.2 ––––––––––– (1.2) ––––––––––– (0.2) 5.2 ––––––––––– 5.0 ––––––––––– (3.7) ––––––––––– (3.7) ––––––––––– 0.1 28 28 – – ––––––––––– 0.1 ––––––––––– 2016 £’m 4.0 – (0.3) (4.8) – (2.3) ––––––––––– (3.4) 0.3 ––––––––––– (3.1) ––––––––––– (0.2) 4.8 ––––––––––– 4.6 ––––––––––– (3.7) ––––––––––– (3.7) ––––––––––– (2.2) 2.2 – ––––––––––– – ––––––––––– 41 249229 Camellia R&A pp36-pp42 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 42 CAMELLIA PLC STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY for the year ended 31 December 2017 Group At 1 January 2016 Total comprehensive (expense)/income for the year Dividends Non-controlling interest subscription Share of associate’s other equity movements At 31 December 2016 Total comprehensive income/(expense) for the year Dividends Non-controlling interest subscription Share of associate’s other equity movements At 31 December 2017 Company At 1 January 2016 Total comprehensive income for the year Dividends At 31 December 2016 Total comprehensive income for the year Dividends At 31 December 2017 Share Other Share Treasury Retained capital premium shares earnings reserves £’m £’m £’m £’m £’m Non- controlling interests £’m Total £’m Total equity £’m 0.3 15.3 (0.4) 309.6 (3.9) 320.9 39.5 360.4 – – – – – – – – – (33.6) (3.6) 47.4 – 13.8 (3.6) 11.7 (3.3) 25.5 (6.9) 0.3 – 0.3 0.9 1.2 – ––––––– 0.3 – ––––––– 15.3 – ––––––– (0.4) (0.6) ––––––– 272.1 – ––––––– 43.5 (0.6) ––––––– 330.8 – ––––––– 48.8 (0.6) ––––––– 379.6 – – – – – – – – – 55.2 (3.6) (14.1) – 41.1 (3.6) 3.0 (2.5) 44.1 (6.1) – – – 0.2 0.2 – ––––––– 0.3 ––––––– – ––––––– 15.3 ––––––– – ––––––– (0.4) ––––––– 0.1 ––––––– 323.8 ––––––– – ––––––– 29.4 ––––––– 0.1 ––––––– 368.4 ––––––– – ––––––– 49.5 ––––––– 0.1 ––––––– 417.9 ––––––– 0.3 15.3 – 38.5 12.1 66.2 – 66.2 – – ––––––– 0.3 – – ––––––– 15.3 – – ––––––– – 4.0 (3.7) ––––––– 38.8 – – ––––––– 12.1 4.0 (3.7) ––––––– 66.5 – – ––––––– – 4.0 (3.7) ––––––– 66.5 – – ––––––– 0.3 ––––––– – – ––––––– 15.3 ––––––– – – ––––––– – ––––––– 3.9 (3.7) ––––––– 39.0 ––––––– – – ––––––– 12.1 ––––––– 3.9 (3.7) ––––––– 66.7 ––––––– – – ––––––– – ––––––– 3.9 (3.7) ––––––– 66.7 ––––––– Other reserves of the Group include net exchange diﬀerences of £26.1 million deﬁcit (2016: £1.3 million deﬁcit). Group retained earnings includes £157.4 million (2016: £159.0 million) which would require exchange control permission for remittance as dividends. 42 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 43 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these ﬁnancial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all years presented, unless otherwise stated. Basis of preparation The consolidated ﬁnancial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the EU, IFRS IC interpretations and the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The consolidated ﬁnancial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis as modiﬁed by the revaluation of biological assets, available-for-sale investments, ﬁnancial assets and ﬁnancial liabilities and assets held for sale. Where necessary, comparative ﬁgures have been adjusted to conform with changes in presentation in the current year. During the year, £8.6 million of comparative amounts previously classiﬁed as other payables have been reclassiﬁed as provisions. Going concern The Directors have, at the time of approving the ﬁnancial statements, a reasonable expectation that the Company and the Group have adequate resources to continue to operate for the foreseeable future. They therefore continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the ﬁnancial statements. Basis of consolidation Subsidiaries The consolidated ﬁnancial statements incorporate the ﬁnancial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries) made up to 31 December each year. On acquisition, the assets and liabilities of a subsidiary are measured at their fair values at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair values of the identiﬁable net assets acquired is recognised as goodwill. Any deﬁciency of the cost of acquisition below the fair values of the identiﬁable net assets acquired (i.e. discount on acquisition) is credited to the income statement in the period of acquisition. The Group recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquiree on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the recognised amounts of acquiree’s identiﬁable net assets. The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated Income Statement from the eﬀective date of acquisition or disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the ﬁnancial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by the Group. All Intra-Group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation. Associates An associate is an entity over which the Group is in a position to exercise signiﬁcant inﬂuence, but not control or joint control, through participation in the ﬁnancial and operating policy decisions of that entity. Investments in associates are accounted for by the equity method of accounting. Under this method the Group’s share of the post-acquisition proﬁts or losses of associates is recognised in the Income Statement and its share of post-acquisition movements in reserves is recognised in reserves. Foreign currency translation Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions. At each balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Translation diﬀerences on non-monetary items carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. Gains and losses arising on retranslation are included in the Income Statement, except for exchange diﬀerences arising on non-monetary items where the changes in fair value are recognised directly in equity. 43 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 44 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES The consolidated ﬁnancial statements are presented in sterling which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. On consolidation, income statements and cash ﬂows of foreign entities are translated into pounds sterling at average exchange rates for the year and their balance sheets are translated at the exchange rates ruling at the balance sheet date. Exchange diﬀerences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign entities and of borrowings designated as hedges of such investments, are taken to equity. When a foreign entity is sold such exchange diﬀerences arising since 1 January 2004 are recognised in the Income Statement as part of the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the exchange rate ruling on the date of acquisition. The Group has elected to treat goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisitions prior to 1 January 2004, the date of the Group’s transition from UK GAAP to IFRS, as sterling denominated assets and liabilities. Revenue recognition Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts, value added tax and other sales related taxes and after eliminating intra-group sales. Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when all the following conditions are satisﬁed: (i) The Group has transferred to the buyer the signiﬁcant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods: (ii) The Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor eﬀective control over the goods sold; (iii) The amount of revenue can be measured reliably; (iv) It is probable that the economic beneﬁts associated with the transaction will ﬂow to the entity; and (v) The costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. Invoices are raised when goods are despatched or when the risks and rewards of ownership otherwise irrevocably pass to the customer. In respect of food storage and distribution services, revenue for handling is recognised at the point that the goods are actually handled. In respect of engineering services, revenue is recognised based upon the stage of completion and includes costs incurred to date, plus accrued proﬁts. Investment income Investment income is recognised when the right to receive payment of a dividend is established. Segmental reporting The adoption of IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identiﬁed on the basis of internal reports used to assess performance and allocate resources by the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker has been identiﬁed as the Group Strategy Committee led by the Chief Executive. Inter-segment sales are not signiﬁcant. Exceptional items Exceptional items are those signiﬁcant items which are separately disclosed by virtue of their size or incidence to enable a full understanding of the Group’s ﬁnancial performance. Full disclosure of exceptional items are set out in notes 5 and 6. Intangible assets (i) Goodwill Goodwill arising on consolidation represents the excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s interest in the fair value of the identiﬁable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of a subsidiary or associate at the date of acquisition. 44 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 45 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES Goodwill is recognised as an asset and reviewed for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate a potential impairment. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the income statement and is not subsequently reversed. On disposal of a subsidiary or associate, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the proﬁt or loss on disposal. (ii) Identiﬁable intangible assets Indeﬁnite life identiﬁable intangible assets include certain brands acquired. They are not amortised but tested for impairment annually or more frequently if an impairment indicator is triggered, any impairment is charged to the income statement as it arises. The assessment of the classiﬁcation of intangible assets as indeﬁnite is reviewed annually. Finite life identiﬁable intangible assets include certain brands, customer relationships and other intangible assets acquired on the acquisition of subsidiaries. Acquired intangible assets with ﬁnite lives are initially recognised at cost and amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, not exceeding 20 years. Intangible assets’ estimated lives are re-evaluated annually and an impairment test is carried out if certain indicators of impairment exist. (iii) Computer software Acquired computer software licences are capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the speciﬁc software. Computer software licences are held at cost and are amortised on a straight-line basis over 3 to 7 years. Costs associated with developing or maintaining computer software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Costs that are directly associated with identiﬁable and unique software products controlled by the Group and which are expected to generate economic beneﬁts exceeding costs beyond one year, are recognised as an intangible asset and amortised over their estimated useful lives. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment now includes biological assets (bearer plants) which are accounted for under IAS 16. Land and buildings comprises mainly factories and oﬃces. All property, plant and equipment is shown at cost less subsequent depreciation and impairment, except for land, which is shown at cost less impairment. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of these assets. On transition to IFRS, the Group followed the transitional provisions and elected that previous UK GAAP revaluations be treated as deemed cost. Subsequent costs are included in the assets’ carrying amount, only when it is probable that future economic beneﬁts associated with the item will ﬂow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the ﬁnancial period in which they are incurred. No depreciation is provided on freehold land. Depreciation of other property, plant and equipment is calculated to write oﬀ their cost less residual value over their expected useful lives. The rates of depreciation used for the other assets are as follows:- Biological assets (Bearer plants) Freehold and long leasehold buildings Other short leasehold land and buildings Plant, machinery, ﬁxtures, ﬁttings and equipment 20 to 50 years nil to 50 years unexpired term of the lease 3 to 25 years No depreciation is provided on bearer plants until maturity when commercial levels of production have been reached. Assets held under ﬁnance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets, or, where shorter, over the term of the relevant lease. 45 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 46 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date. The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an asset is determined as the diﬀerence between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is included in the income statement. Assets held under ﬁnance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets, or, where shorter, over the term of the relevant lease. The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date. The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an asset is determined as the diﬀerence between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is included in the Income Statement. Investment properties Properties held to earn rental income rather than for the purpose of the Group’s principal activities are classiﬁed as Investment properties. Investment properties are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment loss. The depreciation policy is consistent with those described for other Group properties. Income from Investment properties is disclosed in ‘other operating income’. The related operating costs are immaterial and are included within administrative expenses. Biological assets: non-current Biological assets are measured at each balance sheet date at fair value and are generally valued at each year end by independent professional valuers. Any changes in fair value are recognised in the Income Statement in the year in which they arise. Costs of new areas planted are included as “new planting additions” in the biological assets note. As timber is harvested the value accumulated to the date of harvest is treated as “decrease due to harvesting” and charged to cost of sales in the Income Statement. Biological assets: current Produce is valued on the basis of net present values of expected future cash ﬂows and include certain assumptions about yields, selling prices, costs and discount rates. As the crop is harvested it is transferred to inventory at fair value. Financial assets The Group classiﬁes its ﬁnancial assets in the following categories: loans and receivables, available-for- sale and held-to-maturity. The classiﬁcation depends on the purpose for which the ﬁnancial assets were acquired. Management determines the classiﬁcation of its ﬁnancial assets at initial recognition. Loans and receivables are non-derivative ﬁnancial assets with ﬁxed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of the reporting period. These are classiﬁed as non-current assets. The Group’s loans and receivables comprise ‘trade and other receivables’ and ‘cash and cash equivalents’ in the Balance Sheet. Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classiﬁed in any of the other categories. They are included in non-current assets unless the investment matures or management intends to dispose of it within 12 months of the end of the reporting period. Held-to-maturity investments are non-derivative ﬁnancial assets with ﬁxed or determinable payments and ﬁxed maturities that the Group’s management has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity. Were the Group to sell other than an insigniﬁcant amount of held-to-maturity assets, the entire category would be tainted and reclassiﬁed as available-for-sale. Regular purchases and sales of ﬁnancial assets are recognised on the trade-date, the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Investments are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all ﬁnancial assets. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash ﬂows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. 46 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 47 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets are subsequently carried at fair value. Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets include shares of listed and unlisted companies. The fair values of listed shares are based on current bid values. Shares in unlisted companies are measured at cost as fair value cannot be reliably measured. Changes in the fair value of monetary and non-monetary securities classiﬁed as available-for-sale are recognised in other comprehensive income. When securities classiﬁed as available-for-sale are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments recognised in equity are included in the Income Statement as ‘proﬁt/(loss) on disposal of available-for-sale investments’. Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are recognised in the Income Statement as part of investment income when the group’s right to receive payments is established. Loans and receivables and held to maturity investments are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the eﬀective interest method. Financial assets and liabilities are oﬀset and the net amount reported in the Balance Sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to oﬀset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets are subsequently carried at fair value. Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets include shares of listed and unlisted companies. The fair values of listed shares are based on current bid values. Shares in unlisted companies are measured at cost as fair value cannot be reliably measured. Changes in the fair value of monetary and non-monetary securities classiﬁed as available-for-sale are recognised in Other comprehensive income. When securities classiﬁed as available-for-sale are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments recognised in equity are included in the Income Statement as ‘Proﬁt/(loss) on disposal of available-for-sale investments’. Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are recognised in the Income Statement as part of investment income when the Group’s right to receive payments is established. Loans and receivables and held to maturity investments are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the eﬀective interest method. Financial assets and liabilities are oﬀset and the net amount reported in the Balance Sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to oﬀset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Other investments – heritage assets Other investments comprise ﬁne art, documents, manuscripts and philately which are measured at cost as fair value cannot be reliably measured. Investments in subsidiary companies Investments in subsidiary companies are included at cost plus incidental expenses less any provision for impairment. Impairment reviews are performed by the Directors when there has been an indication of potential impairment. Impairment of ﬁnancial assets (i) Assets carried at amortised cost The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a ﬁnancial asset or group of ﬁnancial assets is impaired. A ﬁnancial asset or a group of ﬁnancial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash ﬂows of the ﬁnancial asset or group of ﬁnancial assets that can be reliably estimated. For the loans and receivables category, the amount of the loss is measured as the diﬀerence between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash ﬂows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the ﬁnancial asset’s original eﬀective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced and the amount of the loss is recognised in the consolidated Income Statement. 47 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 48 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as an improvement in the debtor’s credit rating), the reversal of the previously recognised impairment loss is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement. (ii) Assets classiﬁed as available-for-sale In the case of equity investments classiﬁed as available-for-sale, a signiﬁcant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is also evidence that the assets are impaired. If any such evidence exists for available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets, the cumulative loss measured as the diﬀerence between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that ﬁnancial asset previously recognised in proﬁt or loss is removed from equity and recognised in proﬁt or loss. Impairment losses recognised in the consolidated income statement on equity instruments are not reversed through the consolidated income statement. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classiﬁed as available-for-sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognised in proﬁt or loss, the impairment loss is reversed through the consolidated Income Statement. Impairment of non-ﬁnancial assets Assets that have an indeﬁnite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment and whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Assets that are subject to amortisation are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the assets’ carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an assets’ fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identiﬁable cash ﬂows (cash-generating units). Leases Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Group has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classiﬁed as ﬁnance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of fair value and the estimated present value of the underlying lease payments. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and ﬁnance charges so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the ﬁnance balance outstanding. The corresponding rental obligations, net of ﬁnance charges, are included in liabilities. The interest element of the ﬁnance cost is charged to the Income Statement over the lease period. Property, plant and equipment acquired under ﬁnance leases is depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term. Leases where a signiﬁcant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classiﬁed as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the Income Statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. Inventories Agricultural produce included within inventory largely comprises stock of ‘black’ tea. In accordance with IAS 41, on initial recognition, agricultural produce is required to be measured at fair value less estimated point of sale costs. Other inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is calculated using the weighted average method. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. Trade and other receivables Trade receivables are carried at original invoice amount less provision made for impairment of these receivables. A provision for impairment of trade receivables is established when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms. The amount of the provision is recognised in the Income Statement. 48 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 49 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES Amounts due from customers of banking subsidiaries consist of loans and receivables which are non- derivative ﬁnancial assets with ﬁxed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They arise when the bank provides money, goods or services directly to a customer with no intention of trading the receivable and are carried at amortised cost using the eﬀective interest method. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities on the balance sheet. Discontinued operations and non-current assets held for sale A discontinued operation is a separate major line of business or geographic area of operation that has either been disposed of, abandoned or is part of a plan to dispose of a major line of business or geographic area. An operation is classiﬁed as a discontinued operation in the year that the above criteria are met. In the consolidated Income Statement, proﬁt/loss from discontinued operations is reported separately from the results from continuing operations. Prior periods Income Statement and cash ﬂow are presented on a comparable basis. Non-current assets classiﬁed as held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets are classiﬁed as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classiﬁcation. Trade payables Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classiﬁed as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the eﬀective interest method. Borrowings Interest-bearing bank loans and overdrafts are initially recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Finance charges, including premiums payable on settlement or redemption and direct issue costs, are accounted for on an accrual basis to the Income Statement using the eﬀective interest method and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled in the period in which they arise. Taxation The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. The tax currently payable is based on taxable proﬁt for the year. Taxable proﬁt diﬀers from net proﬁt as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on diﬀerences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the ﬁnancial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable proﬁt, and is accounted for using the liability method. Deferred tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction, other than in a business combination, that at the time of the transaction aﬀects neither accounting nor taxable proﬁt or loss. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related tax asset is realised or the tax liability is settled. 49 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 50 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable proﬁt will be available against which the temporary diﬀerences can be utilised. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are oﬀset when there is a legally enforceable right to oﬀset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or diﬀerent taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis. Deferred tax is provided on temporary diﬀerences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary diﬀerence is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary diﬀerence will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Employee beneﬁts (i) Pension obligations Group companies operate various pension schemes. The schemes are funded through payments to insurance companies or trustee-administered funds. The Group has both deﬁned beneﬁt and deﬁned contribution plans. A deﬁned contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group pays ﬁxed contributions into a separate fund. The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions to the fund. Contributions are recognised as an expense in the Income Statement when they are due. A deﬁned beneﬁt plan is a pension plan that deﬁnes an amount of pension beneﬁt that an employee will receive on retirement, usually dependent on one or more factors such as age, years of service and compensation. The pension cost for deﬁned beneﬁt schemes is assessed in accordance with the advice of qualiﬁed independent actuaries using the "projected unit" funding method. The liability recognised in the Balance Sheet in respect of deﬁned beneﬁt pension plans is the present value of the deﬁned beneﬁt obligation at the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets. Independent actuaries calculate the obligation annually using the “projected unit” funding method. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial adjustments are recognised in full in the period in which they occur, they are not recognised in the Income Statement and are presented in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. Past service costs are recognised directly in the Income Statement. (ii) Other post-employment beneﬁt obligations Some Group companies have unfunded obligations to pay terminal gratuities to employees. Provisions are made for the estimated liability for gratuities as a result of services rendered by employees up to the balance sheet date and any movement in the provision is recognised in the Income Statement. The estimated monetary liability for employees’ accrued annual leave entitlement at the balance sheet date is recognised as an accrual. Provisions Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outﬂow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount has been reliably estimated. Share capital Ordinary shares are classiﬁed as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 50 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 51 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES Where any Group company purchases the Company’s equity share capital (treasury shares), the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of income taxes) is deducted from equity attributable to the Company’s equity holders until the shares are cancelled or reissued. Where such shares are subsequently reissued, any consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental transaction costs and the related income tax eﬀects, is included in equity attributable to the Company’s equity holders. Dividend distribution Dividend distribution to the Company’s shareholders is recognised as a liability in the Group’s ﬁnancial statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the Company’s shareholders. Interim dividends are recognised when paid. Sources of estimation uncertainty Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting will, by deﬁnition, seldom equal the actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next ﬁnancial year are set out below. Impairment of assets (i) The Group has signiﬁcant investments in intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, biological assets, associated companies and other investments. These assets are tested for impairment when circumstances indicate there may be a potential impairment. Factors considered which could trigger an impairment review include the signiﬁcant fall in market values, signiﬁcant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, a major change in market conditions or negative cash ﬂows. (ii) Biological assets Biological assets are carried at fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs. Where meaningful market- determined prices do not exist to assess the fair value of biological assets, the fair value has been determined based on the net present value of expected future cash ﬂows from those assets, discounted at appropriate pre-tax rates. In determining the fair value of biological assets where the discounting of expected future cash ﬂows has been used, the Directors have made certain assumptions about expected life-span of the plantings, yields, selling prices, costs and discount rates. Details of assumptions made and sensitivity analysis are given in note 19. (iii) Retirement beneﬁt obligations Pension accounting requires certain assumptions to be made in order to value obligations and to determine the impact on the Income Statement. These ﬁgures are particularly sensitive to assumptions for discount rates, mortality, inﬂation rates and expected long-term rates of return on assets. Details of assumptions made and sensitivity analysis are given in note 33. (iv) Taxation Tax provisions are based on management’s interpretation of country speciﬁc tax law and the likelihood of settlement. This involves a signiﬁcant amount of judgement as tax legislation can be complex and open to diﬀerent interpretation. Management uses professional ﬁrms and previous experience when assessing tax risks. Where actual tax liabilities diﬀer from the provisions, adjustments are made which can have a material impact on the Group’s proﬁts for the year. 51 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 52 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (i) New and amended standards adopted by the Group The Group has adopted the following new and amended IFRSs as of 1 January 2017: IAS 7 (amendments) Statement of cashﬂows - eﬀective from 1 January 2017 The Group has adopted the amendments to IAS 7 for the ﬁrst time in the current year. IAS 12 (amendment) Recognition of deferred tax - eﬀective from 1 January 2017 Amendments made to IAS 12 in January 2016 clarify the accounting for deferred tax where an asset is measured at fair value and that fair value is below the asset’s tax base. Speciﬁcally, the amendments conﬁrm that: ■ ■ A temporary diﬀerence exists whenever the carrying amount of an asset is less than its tax base at the end of the reporting period. An entity can assume that it will recover an amount higher than the carrying amount of an asset to estimate its future taxable proﬁt. ■ Where the tax law restricts the source of taxable proﬁts against which particular types of deferred tax assets can be recovered, the recoverability of the deferred tax assets can only be assessed in combination with other deferred tax assets of the same type. ■ Tax deductions resulting from the reversal of deferred tax assets are excluded from the estimated future taxable proﬁt that is used to evaluate the recoverability of those assets. The amendments to IAS 7 and IAS 12 have not had a material impact on the ﬁnancial statements of the Group. (ii) Standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that are not yet eﬀective and have not been adopted early by the group A number of new standards and amendments to standards and interpretations are eﬀective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, and have not been applied in preparing these consolidated ﬁnancial statements. None of these is expected to have a signiﬁcant eﬀect on the consolidated ﬁnancial statements of the Group, except the following set out below: IFRS 9 Financial Instruments – eﬀective from 1 January 2018 The standard covers the classiﬁcation, measurement and derecognition of ﬁnancial instruments and applies an approach where the business model of an entity and the cash ﬂows associated with each ﬁnancial asset deﬁnes the classiﬁcation of the ﬁnancial instrument. IFRS 9 applies a forward-looking impairment model that will replace the currently applicable incurred loss model. Classiﬁcation and measurement Under IFRS 9 the classiﬁcation of ﬁnancial assets is based both on the business model within which the asset is held and the contractual cash ﬂow characteristics of the asset. There are three principal classiﬁcation categories for ﬁnancial assets that are debt instruments: (i) amortised cost, (ii) fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) and (iii) fair value through proﬁt or loss (FVTPL). Equity investments in scope of IFRS 9 are measured at fair value with gains and losses recognised in proﬁt or loss unless an irrevocable election is made to recognise gains or losses in Other comprehensive income. At the date of initial application of IFRS 9, the Group has elected to apply the FVTOCI option for all of its non-controlling equity interests that were classiﬁed as Available for sale ﬁnancial assets (“AFS”) under IAS 39. This election results in all gains and losses being presented in Other comprehensive income except dividend income which is recognised in proﬁt or loss. This diﬀers from the current treatment of AFS instruments under IAS 39 where gains and losses recognised in Other comprehensive income are reclassiﬁed to proﬁt and loss on derecognition or impairment. There will be no other changes in the classiﬁcation and measurement for any of the Group’s other ﬁnancial assets or liabilities. 52 249229 Camellia R&A pp43-pp53 18/04/2018 18:14 Page 53 CAMELLIA PLC ACCOUNTING POLICIES The Group has elected not to restate comparatives on initial application of IFRS 9. The full impact of adopting IFRS 9 on the Group’s consolidated ﬁnancial statements will depend on the ﬁnancial instruments that the Group holds during 2018 as well as on economic conditions and judgements will be made at the year end. The Group has performed a preliminary assessment of the potential impact of adopting IFRS 9 based on the ﬁnancial instruments as at the date of initial application of IFRS 9. Based on the Group’s preliminary assessment, the adoption of IFRS 9 will not have a material impact on the ﬁnancial statements. Impairment The impairment model under IFRS 9 reﬂects “expected” credit losses, as opposed to “incurred” credit losses under IAS 39. Under the impairment approach in IFRS 9, it is not necessary for a credit event to have occurred before credit losses are recognised. The amount of expected credit losses should be assessed on initial recognition of the related asset and updated at each reporting date. The Group expects to apply the simpliﬁed approach to recognise lifetime expected credit losses for its trade receivables as required or permitted by IFRS. IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers – eﬀective from 1 January 2018 The IASB has issued a new standard for the recognition of revenue. This will replace IAS 18 which covers contracts for goods and services and IAS 11 which covers construction contracts. The new standard is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service transfers to a customer – so the notion of control replaces the existing notion of risks and rewards. A new ﬁve-step process must be applied before revenue can be recognised: ■ ■ Identify contracts with customers Identify the separate performance obligation ■ Determine the transaction price of the contract ■ ■ Allocate the transaction price to each of the separate performance obligations Recognise the revenue The adoption of IFRS 15 is not expected to have a material ﬁnancial impact on the ﬁnancial statements of the Group as the Group’s revenue recognition practises are in line with IFRS 15 in all material respects. IFRS 16 Leases – eﬀective from 1 January 2019 IFRS 16 will aﬀect primarily the accounting by lessees and will result in the recognition of almost all leases on Balance Sheet. The standard removes the current distinction between operating and ﬁnancing leases and requires recognition of an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a ﬁnancial liability to pay rentals for virtually all lease contracts. An optional exemption exists for short-term and low-value leases. The Income Statement will also be aﬀected because the total expense is typically higher in the earlier years of a lease and lower in later years. Additionally, operating expense will be replaced with interest and depreciation. Operating cash ﬂows will be higher as cash payments for the principal portion of the lease liability are classiﬁed within ﬁnancing activities. Only the part of the payments that reﬂects interest can continue to be presented as operating cash ﬂows. 53 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:51 Page 54 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 1 Business and geographical segments The principal activities of the Group are as follows: Agriculture Engineering Food Service For management reporting purposes these activities form the basis on which the Group reports its primary divisions. Segment information about these businesses is presented below: Agriculture 2017 £’m 2016 £’m Engineering 2017 £’m 2016 £’m Food Service Other operations Consolidated 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 239.4 257.9 –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– 298.3 207.1 37.8 20.5 31.6 18.8 0.6 0.4 35.6 0.1 –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– –––––– (2.6) (2.6) 29.9 1.8 0.8 – Revenue External sales Trading proﬁt Segment proﬁt/(loss) Unallocated corporate expenses Trading proﬁt Share of associates’ results Impairment of property, plant and equipment and provisions Proﬁt on disposal of available-for-sale investments Investment income Net ﬁnance (cost)/income Proﬁt before tax from continuing operations Taxation Proﬁt after tax from continuing operations 34.8 28.2 (8.4) (9.2) –––––– –––––– 19.0 26.4 2.0 (1.8) 0.7 0.6 5.1 – 1.5 0.6 (0.3) 0.3 –––––– –––––– 26.5 27.6 (13.8) (12.4) –––––– –––––– 14.1 –––––– –––––– 13.8 Other information Segment assets Investments in associates Discontinued operation Unallocated assets Consolidated total assets Segment liabilities Discontinued operation Unallocated liabilities Consolidated total liabilities Capital expenditure Depreciation Amortisation Impairments 344.2 354.8 18.1 19.1 26.2 24.0 20.0 18.5 408.5 55.4 – 416.4 61.0 266.9 (56.6) (55.4) (7.9) (4.6) (6.5) (5.4) – – 17.2 (11.4) 13.0 (11.0) 0.3 (1.8) (0.9) 0.4 (1.9) 2.3 (1.7) (0.3) 0.6 (1.7) (0.3) 1.0 (0.3) 0.7 (0.2) (0.2) (0.1) 112.6 69.6 –––––– –––––– 813.9 –––––– –––––– (65.4) 576.5 (71.0) – (244.2) (87.6) (124.7) –––––– –––––– (434.3) –––––– –––––– 14.7 (158.6) 20.8 (15.2) (14.8) (0.3) (1.1) (0.3) (0.1) Segment assets consist primarily of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, investment properties, biological assets, prepaid operating leases, inventories, trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents. Receivables for tax have been excluded. Investments in associates, valued using the equity method, have been shown separately in the segment information. Segment liabilities are primarily those relating to the operating activities and generally exclude liabilities for taxes, short-term loans, ﬁnance leases and non-current liabilities. 54 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 55 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 1 Business and geographical segments (continued) Geographical segments The Group’s operations are based in nine main geographical areas. The United Kingdom is the home country of the parent. The principal geographical areas in which the Group operates are as follows: United Kingdom Continental Europe Bangladesh India Kenya Malawi North America and Bermuda South Africa South America The following table provides an analysis of the Group’s revenue by geographical market, irrespective of the origin of the goods/services: United Kingdom Continental Europe Bangladesh India Kenya Malawi North America and Bermuda South Africa South America Other 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 53.9 34.1 28.1 85.6 42.3 11.0 9.9 2.9 6.5 24.0 –––––––––– 298.3 –––––––––– 41.4 35.6 24.2 67.2 35.6 8.6 10.1 1.5 5.3 28.4 –––––––––– 257.9 –––––––––– The following is an analysis of the carrying amount of segment assets and additions to property, plant and equipment and investment properties, analysed by the geographical area in which the assets are located: United Kingdom Continental Europe Bangladesh India Kenya Malawi North America and Bermuda South Africa South America Carrying amount of segment assets 2017 £’m 2016 £’m Additions to property, plant and equipment 2017 £’m 2016 £’m Additions to investment properties 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 58.0 6.3 63.1 103.4 89.8 51.4 12.2 13.4 10.9 –––––––––– 60.4 6.1 69.6 104.8 84.6 52.7 12.5 13.0 12.7 –––––––––– 3.2 0.1 2.5 5.2 4.0 2.9 0.2 2.0 0.5 –––––––––– 1.1 0.1 1.1 4.6 3.5 2.0 0.2 1.2 0.4 –––––––––– 0.2 – – – – – – – – –––––––––– 0.5 – – – – – – – – –––––––––– 408.5 –––––––––– 416.4 –––––––––– 20.6 –––––––––– 14.2 –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 0.5 –––––––––– 55 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 56 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 2 Revenue An analysis of the Group’s revenue is as follows: Sale of goods Distribution and warehousing revenue Engineering services revenue Agency commission revenue Property rental revenue Total Group revenue Other operating income Investment income Interest income Total Group income 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 238.8 37.8 20.5 0.6 0.6 –––––––––– 298.3 2.4 0.6 3.0 –––––––––– 304.3 –––––––––– 206.5 31.6 18.8 0.6 0.4 –––––––––– 257.9 2.3 0.6 2.7 –––––––––– 263.5 –––––––––– 56 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 57 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 3 Trading proﬁt The following items have been included in arriving at trading proﬁt: Employment costs (note 14) Inventories: Cost of inventories recognised as an expense (included in cost of sales) Cost of inventories provision recognised as an expense (included in cost of sales) Fair value gain included in Made Tea Depreciation of property, plant and equipment: Owned assets Under ﬁnance leases Amortisation of intangibles (included in administrative expenses) Gain from change in fair value of non-current biological assets Impairment of available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets (included in administrative expenses) Proﬁt on disposal of property, plant and equipment Operating leases - lease payments: Plant and machinery Property Repairs and maintenance expenditure on property, plant and equipment Currency exchange (gains)/losses (credited)/charged to income include: Revenue Cost of sales Distribution costs Administrative expenses Finance income 2017 £’m 101.5 2016 £’m 92.0 162.8 137.6 0.1 1.2 15.0 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.8 14.6 – 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 5.5 –––––––––– 0.4 0.6 4.6 –––––––––– – – – (0.2) 0.1 –––––––––– (0.3) 0.1 0.1 (0.2) (0.4) –––––––––– (0.1) –––––––––– (0.7) –––––––––– During the year the Group (including its overseas subsidiaries) obtained the following services from the Company’s auditor and its associates: Audit services: Statutory audit: Parent company and consolidated ﬁnancial statements Subsidiary companies Audit – related regulatory reporting Other services not covered above 0.2 0.5 –––––––––– 0.7 0.1 0.2 –––––––––– 1.0 –––––––––– 0.2 0.8 –––––––––– 1.0 0.1 – –––––––––– 1.1 –––––––––– 57 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 58 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 4 Share of associates’ results The Group’s share of the results of associates is analysed below: Proﬁt before tax Taxation Proﬁt after tax 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2.0 – –––––––––– 2.0 –––––––––– 6.0 (0.9) –––––––––– 5.1 –––––––––– 5 Impairment of property, plant and equipment and provisions Following a decision to sell both British Metal Treatments Limited and GU Cutting and Grinding Services Limited to their respective management teams, the assets and liabilities associated with the two companies have been fair valued and reclassiﬁed as held for sale (note 9). Impairments and provisions totalling £1.8 million have been charged to the income statement. 6 Proﬁt on disposal of available-for-sale investments In 2016, the proﬁt of £1.5 million included a proﬁt of £1.1 million relating to the disposal of the Group’s investment in Ascendant Group, a Bermudian power company. 7 Finance income and costs Interest payable on loans and bank overdrafts Finance costs Finance income – interest income on short-term bank deposits Net exchange (loss)/gain on foreign cash balances Employee beneﬁt expense (note 33) Net ﬁnance (cost)/income 2017 £’m 2016 £’m (0.5) –––––––––– (0.6) –––––––––– (0.5) 3.0 (0.1) (2.7) –––––––––– (0.6) 2.7 0.4 (2.2) –––––––––– (0.3) –––––––––– 0.3 –––––––––– 58 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 59 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 8 Taxation Analysis of charge in the year Current tax UK corporation tax UK corporation tax at 19.25 per cent. (2016: 20.00 per cent.) Double tax relief Foreign tax Corporation tax Adjustment in respect of prior years Total current tax Deferred tax Origination and reversal of timing diﬀerences Overseas Tax on proﬁt on ordinary activities Factors aﬀecting tax charge for the year Proﬁt on ordinary activities before tax Share of associated undertakings proﬁt Group proﬁt on ordinary activities before tax 2017 £’m £’m 2016 £’m 1.8 (1.8) –––––––––– 14.0 0.3 –––––––––– 1.4 (1.4) –––––––––– – – 11.6 0.1 –––––––––– 11.7 –––––––––– 14.3 –––––––––– 14.3 11.7 (0.5) –––––––––– 0.7 –––––––––– 13.8 –––––––––– 12.4 –––––––––– 42.4 (2.0) –––––––––– 6.5 (5.1) –––––––––– 40.4 –––––––––– 1.4 –––––––––– Tax on ordinary activities at the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19.25 per cent. (2016: 20.00 per cent.) 7.8 0.3 Eﬀects of: Adjustment to tax in respect of prior years Expenses not deductible for tax purposes Adjustment in respect of foreign tax rates Additional tax arising on dividends from overseas companies Other income not charged to tax Proﬁt on disposal of discontinued operation not charged to tax Increase in tax losses carried forward Movement in other timing diﬀerences Total tax charge for the year 0.3 2.6 4.6 1.1 (2.2) (3.9) 1.9 1.6 –––––––––– 0.1 6.6 3.7 1.0 (1.5) – 1.6 0.6 –––––––––– 13.8 –––––––––– 12.4 –––––––––– The Proﬁt on disposal of discontinued operation not charged to tax arises from the disposal of Duncan Lawrie Asset Management, the gain from which is not expected to be chargeable to tax. Expenses not deductible for tax purposes in 2016 included £4.0 million arising from the discontinued operation and consists of losses not recoverable and expenses not allowable for tax purposes. 59 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 60 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 9 Assets classiﬁed as held for sale Following a decision to sell both British Metal Treatments Limited and GU Cutting and Grinding Services Limited, the assets and liabilities associated with the two companies have been fair valued and reclassiﬁed as held for sale. The disposal of these companies which form part of the Engineering segment is expected to complete during 2018. The following assets and liabilities were reclassiﬁed as held for sale in relation to British Metal Treatments Limited and GU Cutting and Grinding Services Limited: Assets classiﬁed as held for sale Property, plant and equipment Inventories Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Impairments Assets classiﬁed as held for sale Liabilities directly associated with assets classiﬁed as held for sale Trade and other payables Provisions 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2.7 0.9 1.2 0.3 –––––––––– 5.1 (0.9) –––––––––– 4.2 –––––––––– – – – – –––––––––– – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– (0.9) (0.9) –––––––––– – – –––––––––– (1.8) –––––––––– – –––––––––– In addition, the property previously occupied by Loddon Engineering was sold in March 2018. £0.7 million has been reclassiﬁed from investment property to assets held for sale. 60 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:52 Page 61 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 10 Discontinued operation On 19 December 2016 the Group announced its intention to exit the banking and ﬁnancial services businesses operated by Duncan Lawrie. The assets and liabilities associated with Duncan Lawrie were consequently presented as held for sale in the 2016 ﬁnancial statements. The UK loan book was sold to Arbuthnot Latham in December 2016. The sale of the Duncan Lawrie Asset Management to Brewin Dolphin was also agreed in 2016 and completed in 2017, generating a gain on sale of £19.2 million which is reﬂected in these results. The ﬁnancial performance for the year end 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 is as follows: Revenue Other operating income Operating expenses Costs associated with closure: – Staﬀ termination – Contract settlement – Advisors fees Proﬁt on sale of Duncan Lawrie Asset Management Proﬁt on sale of other operations Impairment of non-current assets and loans and advances to customers Proﬁt on sale of available-for-sale-investments Proﬁt on sale of held-to-maturity ﬁnancial assets Loss on sale of UK loan book and provision for loss on sale of Isle of Man loan book Proﬁt/(loss) from discontinued operation Cash ﬂows are as follows: Proﬁt/(loss) from discontinued operation Depreciation and amortisation Proﬁt on sale of operations Impairment of assets Proﬁt on sale of ﬁnancial assets Increase in working capital Net decrease in banking funds Cash ﬂow from discontinued operation Proceeds from sale of operations Purchase of property, plant and equipment Net cash inﬂow/(outﬂow) from discontinued operation 2017 £’m 2.8 – –––––––––– 2.8 (8.3) –––––––––– (5.5) 2016 £’m 12.1 0.1 –––––––––– 12.2 (19.7) –––––––––– (7.5) – – – – 19.2 1.1 – – – (5.0) (2.6) (2.7) (10.3) – – (1.2) 1.2 0.6 – –––––––––– 14.8 –––––––––– (2.8) –––––––––– (20.0) –––––––––– 2017 £’m 14.8 – (20.3) – – 17.3 – –––––––––– 11.8 26.4 – –––––––––– 38.2 –––––––––– 2016 £’m (20.0) 0.5 – 0.6 (1.8) 1.3 9.0 –––––––––– (10.4) – (0.1) –––––––––– (10.5) –––––––––– 61 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 62 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 10 Discontinued operation (continued) The following assets and liabilities were reclassiﬁed as held for sale in relation to Duncan Lawrie: Assets classiﬁed as held for sale Intangible assets Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Held-to-maturity ﬁnancial assets Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Total assets of Duncan Lawrie held for sale Liabilities directly associated with assets classiﬁed as held for sale Trade and other payables Current income tax liabilities 11 Proﬁt for the year The proﬁt of the Company was: 2017 £’m 2016 £’m – – – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 6.3 1.0 30.0 28.0 201.6 –––––––––– 266.9 –––––––––– – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– (244.0) (0.2) –––––––––– (244.2) –––––––––– 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 3.9 –––––––––– 4.0 –––––––––– The Company has taken advantage of the exemption under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to disclose its income statement. 12 Equity dividends Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the period: Final dividend for the year ended 31 December 2016 of 95p (2015: 95p) per share Interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2017 of 37p (2016: 35p) per share 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2.6 2.6 1.0 –––––––––– 3.6 –––––––––– 1.0 –––––––––– 3.6 –––––––––– Dividends amounting to £0.1 million (2016: £0.1 million) have not been included as group companies hold 62,500 issued shares in the Company. These are classiﬁed as treasury shares. Proposed ﬁnal dividend for the year ended 31 December 2017 of 98p (2016: 95p) per share 2.8 –––––––––– 2.7 –––––––––– The proposed ﬁnal dividend is subject to approval by the shareholders at the AGM and has not been included as a liability in these ﬁnancial statements. 62 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 63 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 13 Earnings/(loss) per share (EPS) 2017 Weighted average number of shares £’m Number Earnings 2016 Weighted average (Loss)/ number of shares Number earnings £’m EPS Pence EPS Pence 22.2 –––––––––– 2,762,000 –––––––––– 803.8 –––––––––– –––––––––– (10.7) 2,762,000 –––––––––– (387.4) –––––––––– 7.4 –––––––––– 2,762,000 –––––––––– 268.0 –––––––––– 9.3 –––––––––– 2,762,000 –––––––––– 336.7 –––––––––– 14.8 –––––––––– 2,762,000 –––––––––– 535.8 –––––––––– –––––––––– (20.0) 2,762,000 –––––––––– (724.1) –––––––––– Attributable to ordinary shareholders Attributable to ordinary shareholders – continuing operations Attributable to ordinary shareholders – discontinued operation Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period, excluding those held by the Group as treasury shares (note 34). 14 Employees Average number of employees by activity: Agriculture Engineering Food Service Central Management Employment costs: Wages and salaries Social security costs Employee beneﬁt obligations (see note 33) – UK – Overseas 2017 Number 2016 Number 79,665 250 334 26 –––––––––– 80,275 –––––––––– 79,075 251 294 24 –––––––––– 79,644 –––––––––– 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 91.3 2.5 1.4 6.3 –––––––––– 101.5 –––––––––– 82.8 2.4 4.6 2.2 –––––––––– 92.0 –––––––––– Total remuneration paid to key employees who are members of the Executive Committees, excluding Directors of Camellia Plc, amounted to £2.1 million (2016: £1.4 million). 63 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 64 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 15 Emoluments of the Directors Aggregate emoluments excluding pension contributions 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 1.9 –––––––––– 1.8 –––––––––– Emoluments of the highest paid Director excluding pension contributions were £0.6 million (2016: £0.6 million). Further details of Directors’ emoluments are set out on pages 34 to 35. 16 Intangible assets Customer Goodwill relationships £’m £’m Brands £’m Computer software £’m 4.0 – – (4.0) –––––––––– – – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– – – – – – – –––––––––– – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 4.8 – – (4.8) –––––––––– – – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 2.3 – 0.2 – – (2.5) –––––––––– – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– – –––––––––– – –––––––––– – – – – –––––––––– – (0.1) 2.4 – –––––––––– 6.4 0.2 (1.9) (2.3) –––––––––– 2.4 – 0.1 (0.1) –––––––––– Total £’m 15.2 0.2 (1.9) (11.1) –––––––––– 2.4 (0.1) 2.5 (0.1) –––––––––– 2.3 –––––––––– 2.4 –––––––––– 4.7 –––––––––– – – – – – – –––––––––– – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 2.3 –––––––––– – –––––––––– 4.9 0.1 0.3 (1.9) 0.2 (2.3) –––––––––– 1.3 0.3 (0.1) –––––––––– 1.5 –––––––––– 0.9 –––––––––– 1.1 –––––––––– 7.2 0.1 0.5 (1.9) 0.2 (4.8) –––––––––– 1.3 0.3 (0.1) –––––––––– 1.5 –––––––––– 3.2 –––––––––– 1.1 –––––––––– Group Cost At 1 January 2016 Additions Disposals Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for sale At 1 January 2017 Exchange diﬀerences Additions Disposals At 31 December 2017 Amortisation At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences Charge for the year Disposals Impairment provision Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for sale At 1 January 2017 Charge for the year Disposals At 31 December 2017 Net book value at 31 December 2017 Net book value at 31 December 2016 64 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 65 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 17 Property, plant and equipment Bearer plants £’m Land and buildings machinery £’m Fixtures, Plant and ﬁttings and equipment £’m £’m Group Deemed cost At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences Additions Disposals Reclassiﬁcation to investment properties Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for sale At 1 January 2017 Exchange diﬀerences Additions Disposals Transfer between categories Reclassiﬁcation to investment properties Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for sale At 31 December 2017 117.5 19.8 4.5 – – – –––––––––– 141.8 (12.7) 5.8 (1.3) – – – –––––––––– 133.6 –––––––––– Depreciation At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences Charge for the year Disposals Impairment provision Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for sale 5.3 1.4 5.7 – – – –––––––––– 12.4 (1.3) 6.0 (0.3) – – – – –––––––––– 16.8 –––––––––– 116.8 –––––––––– 129.4 –––––––––– Land and buildings at net book value comprise: At 1 January 2017 Exchange diﬀerences Charge for the year Disposals Transfer between categories Impairment provision Reclassiﬁcation to investment properties Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for sale Net book value at 31 December 2017 Net book value at 31 December 2016 At 31 December 2017 Freehold Long leasehold Short leasehold 84.4 8.9 3.2 (0.1) (0.7) – –––––––––– 95.7 (4.0) 5.3 (0.2) 10.7 (2.3) (3.1) –––––––––– 102.1 –––––––––– 37.7 3.6 2.4 (0.1) – – –––––––––– 43.6 (1.4) 1.5 (0.1) 9.2 0.1 (1.1) (0.9) –––––––––– 50.9 –––––––––– 51.2 –––––––––– 52.1 –––––––––– 104.6 11.7 5.6 (2.2) – – –––––––––– 119.7 (4.9) 8.5 (2.5) (10.7) – (3.9) –––––––––– 106.2 –––––––––– 67.0 6.9 6.0 (2.1) – – –––––––––– 77.8 (2.7) 6.6 (2.4) (9.2) 0.2 – (3.7) –––––––––– 66.6 –––––––––– 39.6 –––––––––– 41.9 –––––––––– 18.9 1.3 0.9 (0.3) – (3.7) –––––––––– 17.1 (0.7) 1.0 (0.3) – – – –––––––––– 17.1 –––––––––– 10.3 0.8 0.8 (0.3) 0.4 (3.7) –––––––––– 8.3 (0.6) 1.0 (0.3) – – – – –––––––––– 8.4 –––––––––– 8.7 –––––––––– 8.8 –––––––––– 2017 £’m 26.6 24.3 0.3 –––––––––– 51.2 –––––––––– The amount of expenditure for property, plant and equipment in the course of construction amounted to £3.3 million (2016: £1.5 million). Total £’m 325.4 41.7 14.2 (2.6) (0.7) (3.7) –––––––––– 374.3 (22.3) 20.6 (4.3) – (2.3) (7.0) –––––––––– 359.0 –––––––––– 120.3 12.7 14.9 (2.5) 0.4 (3.7) –––––––––– 142.1 (6.0) 15.1 (3.1) (0.0) 0.3 (1.1) (4.6) –––––––––– 142.7 –––––––––– 216.3 –––––––––– 232.2 –––––––––– 2016 £’m 26.0 25.6 0.5 –––––––––– 52.1 –––––––––– 65 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 66 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 18 Investment properties Group Cost At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences Additions Transfers from property, plant and equipment At 1 January 2017 Additions Transfers from property, plant and equipment Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for sale At 31 December 2017 Depreciation At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences At 1 January 2017 Transfers from property, plant and equipment Charge for the year At 31 December 2016 Net book value at 31 December 2017 Net book value at 31 December 2016 £’m 16.4 0.1 0.5 0.7 –––––––––– 17.7 0.2 2.3 (0.7) –––––––––– 19.5 –––––––––– 0.6 0.1 –––––––––– 0.7 1.1 0.1 –––––––––– 1.9 –––––––––– 17.6 –––––––––– 17.0 –––––––––– Included in revenue is £0.6 million (2016: £0.4 million) of rental income generated from investment properties. Direct operating expenses arising on the investment property, the majority of which generated rental income in the period, amounted to £0.2 million (2016: £0.2 million). At the end of the year the fair value of the investment properties was £23.4 million (2016: £22.8 million). Investment properties were valued by the Directors (fair value hierarchy Level 2). 66 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 67 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 19 Biological assets Non-current: Group At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences New planting additions Gains arising from changes in fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs Decreases due to harvesting At 1 January 2017 Exchange diﬀerences New planting additions Gains arising from changes in fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs Decreases due to harvesting At 31 December 2017 Current: Group Tea Edible nuts Citrus Soya Avocado Other Forestry £’m Livestock £’m 10.2 2.3 0.3 0.9 0.2 – Total £’m 11.1 2.5 0.3 0.9 (0.8) –––––––––– 0.2 (0.3) –––––––––– 1.1 (1.1) –––––––––– 12.9 (1.2) 0.2 1.0 (0.1) – 13.9 (1.3) 0.2 0.8 (0.8) –––––––––– 0.3 (0.3) –––––––––– 1.1 (1.1) –––––––––– 11.9 –––––––––– 0.9 –––––––––– 12.8 –––––––––– 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 0.2 1.9 1.0 2.3 1.1 0.1 –––––––––– 6.6 –––––––––– 0.3 1.3 1.3 3.1 0.9 0.3 –––––––––– 7.2 –––––––––– Biological assets are carried at fair value. Where meaningful market-determined prices do not exist to assess the fair value of biological assets, the fair value has been determined based on the net present value of expected future cash ﬂows from those assets, discounted at appropriate pre-tax rates. At 31 December 2017 professional valuations were obtained on a signiﬁcant proportion of assets. In determining the fair value of biological assets where the discounting of expected future cash ﬂows has been used, the Directors have made certain assumptions about the expected life-span of the plantings, yields, selling prices and costs. There are no individually signiﬁcant unobservable inputs. The fair value of livestock is based on market prices of livestock of similar age and sex. New planting additions represent new areas planted to the particular crop at cost. As at 31 December 2017 the area planted to Forestry amounted to 5,866 Hectares (2016: 5,946) from which 196,121 cubic metres (2016: 169,089) were harvested during the year. Livestock numbers were 4,502 head (2016: 4,704) at 31 December 2017. Fair value measurement All of the biological assets fall under level 3 of the hierarchy deﬁned in IFRS 13. The basis upon which the valuations are determined is set out in accounting policies on page 46. 67 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 68 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 19 Biological assets (continued) Valuations by external professional valuers and those derived from discounted cash ﬂows both make assumptions based on unobservable inputs of: yields, an increase in which will raise the value; costs, an increase in which will decrease the value; market prices, an increase in which will raise the value; life span of the plantings, an increase in which will raise the value; discount rates, an increase in which will decrease the value. These assumptions vary signiﬁcantly across diﬀerent countries, crops and varieties. In preparing these valuations a long term view is taken on the yields and prices achieved. The fair value of biological assets is sensitive to these assumptions, the more signiﬁcant of which are as follows: Non-current: – Forestry – a 10% movement in the market price for trees or volume of trees assumed would result in a £1.2 million (2016: £1.3 million) increase/decrease in the fair value of forestry. Current: – Macadamia – a 10% increase/decrease in the volumes assumed would result in a £0.2 million (2016: £0.1 million) increase/decrease in the fair value of macadamia growing crop. A 10% increase/decrease in selling price assumed for macadamia would result in a £1.0 million (2016: £0.9 million) increase/decrease in the fair value. – Avocados – a 10% increase/decrease in the volume or the price assumed would result in a £0.1 million (2016: £0.1 million) increase/decrease in the fair value of Hass avocados growing crop. – Soya – a 10% increase/decrease in the volume or the price assumed would result in a £0.2 million (2016: £0.4 million) increase/decrease in the fair value of soya growing crop. Financial risk management strategies The Group is exposed to ﬁnancial risks arising from changes in the prices of the agricultural products it produces. The Group does not anticipate that these prices will decline signiﬁcantly in the foreseeable future. There are no futures markets available for the majority of crops grown by the Group. The Group’s exposure to this risk is mitigated by the geographical spread of its operations, selective forward selling in certain instances when considered appropriate, and regular reviews of available market data on sales and production. The Group monitors closely the returns it achieves from its crops and considers replacing its biological assets when yields decline with age or markets change. Further ﬁnancial risk arises from changes in market prices of key cost components. Such costs are closely monitored. 68 249229 Camellia R&A pp54-pp69 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 69 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 20 Prepaid operating leases Group Cost At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences At 1 January 2017 Exchange diﬀerences At 31 December 2017 Net book value at 31 December 2017 Net book value at 31 December 2016 21 Investments in subsidiaries Company Cost At 1 January and 31 December Details of the Company’s subsidiaries are shown in note 40. £’m 0.8 0.2 –––––––––– 1.0 (0.1) –––––––––– 0.9 –––––––––– 0.9 –––––––––– 1.0 –––––––––– 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 73.5 –––––––––– 73.5 –––––––––– 69 249229 Camellia R&A pp70-pp74 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 70 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 22 Investments in associates Group At 1 January Exchange diﬀerences Share of proﬁt (note 4) Dividends Additions Other equity movements At 31 December Provision for diminution in value At 1 January Exchange diﬀerences At 31 December Net book value at 31 December 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 89.8 (8.4) 2.0 (2.8) 1.0 0.1 –––––––––– 81.7 –––––––––– 73.0 14.4 5.1 (2.3) – (0.4) –––––––––– 89.8 –––––––––– 28.8 (2.5) –––––––––– 26.3 –––––––––– 24.1 4.7 –––––––––– 28.8 –––––––––– 55.4 –––––––––– 61.0 –––––––––– Details of the Group’s associates are shown in note 40. The Group’s share of the results of its principal associates and its share of the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities are as follows: Country of incorporation Assets Liabilities Revenues £’m £’m £’m Interest Market value £’m held % Proﬁt £’m 2017 Listed BF&M United Finance Limited United Insurance Bermuda Bangladesh 702.4 81.0 (632.4) (71.5) 69.9 7.4 0.9 0.9 Company Limited Bangladesh 3.0 –––––––– (0.8) –––––––– 0.3 –––––––– 0.2 –––––––– 786.4 –––––––– (704.7) –––––––– 77.6 –––––––– 2.0 –––––––– 2016 Listed BF&M United Finance Limited United Insurance Bermuda Bangladesh 522.9 80.9 (446.2) (70.2) 71.7 7.0 3.8 1.1 Company Limited Bangladesh 3.1 –––––––– 606.9 –––––––– (0.7) –––––––– (517.1) –––––––– 0.3 –––––––– 79.0 –––––––– 0.2 –––––––– 5.1 –––––––– 36.3 38.4 37.0 40.9 13.8 4.1 –––––––– 58.8 –––––––– 35.8 38.4 37.0 52.2 12.4 3.7 –––––––– 68.3 –––––––– 70 249229 Camellia R&A pp70-pp74 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 71 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 23 Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Cost or fair value At 1 January Exchange diﬀerences Fair value adjustment Additions Disposals Fair value adjustment for disposal Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for resale At 31 December Provision for diminution in value At 1 January Exchange diﬀerences Provided during year Disposals At 31 December Net book value at 31 December 2017 £’m 39.6 (3.7) 10.9 4.0 (1.1) (0.3) – –––––––––– 49.4 –––––––––– 2.4 (0.2) 0.2 – –––––––––– 2.4 –––––––––– 47.0 –––––––––– Group Company 2016 £’m 35.7 6.4 3.5 3.4 (7.2) (1.2) (1.0) –––––––––– 39.6 –––––––––– 5.1 0.6 0.1 (3.4) –––––––––– 2.4 –––––––––– 37.2 –––––––––– 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 0.2 – – – – – – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– – – 0.2 – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– – –––––––––– 0.2 – – – – – – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– – – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets include the following: Group Company Listed securities: Equity securities – Bermuda Equity securities – Japan Equity securities – Switzerland Equity securities – US Equity securities – India Equity securities – Europe Equity securities – Other Treasury infrastructure bonds – 12.0% to 12.2% interest payable twice yearly and redeemable in November 2022 – Kenya Treasury infrastructure bonds – 12.0% to 12.2% interest payable twice yearly and redeemable in November 2024 – Kenya Debentures with ﬁxed interest of 12.5% and repayable twice yearly until 31 October 2019 – Kenya Unlisted investments 2017 £’m 5.2 20.3 9.5 4.1 3.8 0.5 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 – –––––––––– 47.0 –––––––––– 2016 £’m 5.1 15.7 8.5 2.8 3.5 0.5 0.4 – – 0.5 0.2 –––––––––– 37.2 –––––––––– 2017 £’m 2016 £’m – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 71 249229 Camellia R&A pp70-pp74 18/04/2018 18:53 Page 72 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 23 Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets (continued) Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets are denominated in the following currencies: Sterling US Dollar Euro Swiss Franc Indian Rupee Bermudian Dollar Japanese Yen Kenyan Shilling Other 24 Held-to-maturity ﬁnancial assets Cost or fair value At 1 January Additions Disposals Reclassiﬁcation to assets held for resale At 31 December 25 Other investments – heritage assets Cost At 1 January Additions At 31 December Group Company 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 2016 £’m – 4.1 0.5 9.5 3.8 5.2 20.3 3.3 0.3 –––––––––– 47.0 –––––––––– 0.2 2.8 0.5 8.5 3.5 5.1 15.7 0.5 0.4 –––––––––– 37.2 –––––––––– – – – – – – – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 0.2 – – – – – – – – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– Group 2016 £’m 2017 £’m – – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 29.5 30.0 (29.5) (30.0) –––––––––– – –––––––––– Group Company 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 9.2 0.2 –––––––––– 9.4 –––––––––– 9.0 0.2 –––––––––– 9.2 –––––––––– 10.4 0.2 –––––––––– 10.6 –––––––––– 10.2 0.2 –––––––––– 10.4 –––––––––– Heritage assets comprise the Group’s and Company’s investment in ﬁne art, philately, documents and manuscripts. The market value of these collections is expected to be in excess of book value. 72 249229 Camellia R&A pp70-pp74 18/04/2018 18:15 Page 73 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 26 Inventories Group Made Tea Other agricultural produce Work in progress Trading stocks Raw materials and consumables 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 31.3 1.9 0.2 2.5 11.5 –––––––––– 47.4 –––––––––– 34.8 1.6 0.4 2.2 11.6 –––––––––– 50.6 –––––––––– Made Tea inventories include the fair value of green leaf which includes a fair value uplift of £1.2 million (2016: £0.8 million). 27 Trade and other receivables Group Current: Trade receivables Amounts owed by associated undertakings Other receivables Prepayments and accrued income Non-current: Other receivables Group 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 30.3 0.1 7.4 5.9 –––––––––– 43.7 –––––––––– 27.8 – 7.6 5.2 –––––––––– 40.6 –––––––––– 1.9 –––––––––– 1.9 –––––––––– 1.8 –––––––––– 1.8 –––––––––– 73 249229 Camellia R&A pp70-pp74 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 74 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 27 Trade and other receivables (continued) The carrying amounts of the Group’s trade and other receivables are denominated in the following currencies: Current: Sterling US Dollar Euro Kenyan Shilling Indian Rupee Malawian Kwacha Bangladesh Taka South African Rand Brazilian Real Other Non-current: US Dollar Kenyan Shilling Indian Rupee Bangladesh Taka 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 11.7 3.5 1.3 2.5 19.5 0.9 2.3 0.2 0.9 0.9 –––––––––– 43.7 –––––––––– – 0.5 1.1 0.3 –––––––––– 1.9 –––––––––– 9.6 3.8 1.4 2.1 19.2 0.4 1.9 0.4 1.2 0.6 –––––––––– 40.6 –––––––––– 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 –––––––––– 1.8 –––––––––– Included within trade receivables is a provision for doubtful debts of £0.3 million (2016: £0.3 million) and all other trade receivables are with normal trading partners and there is no history of defaults. Trade receivables include receivables of £6.0 million (2016: £4.4 million) which are past due at the reporting date against which the Group has not provided, as there has not been a signiﬁcant change in credit quality and the amounts are still considered recoverable. Ageing of past due but not provided for receivables is as follows: 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 4.0 0.8 0.3 0.9 –––––––––– 6.0 –––––––––– 3.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 –––––––––– 4.4 –––––––––– Up to 30 days 30-60 days 60-90 days Over 90 days 74 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:56 Page 75 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 28 Cash and cash equivalents Cash at bank and in hand Short-term bank deposits Short-term liquid investments Group Company 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 42.8 61.1 4.1 –––––––––– 108.0 –––––––––– 31.0 37.8 4.1 –––––––––– 72.9 –––––––––– 0.1 – – –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– 2016 £’m – – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts include the following for the purposes of the cash ﬂow statement: Cash and cash equivalents Bank overdrafts (note 30) Eﬀective interest rate: Short-term deposits Short-term liquid investments Average maturity period: Short-term deposits Short-term liquid investments 29 Trade and other payables Current: Trade payables Other taxation and social security Other payables Accruals 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 108.0 (1.2) –––––––––– 106.8 –––––––––– 72.9 (1.1) –––––––––– 71.8 –––––––––– 0.1 – –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– 2016 £’m – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 2017 2016 2017 2016 0.57 - 12.00% 2.50 - 12.50% 5.08 - 9.75% 6.45 - 6.49% 58 days 64 days 88 days 46 days – – – – – – – – Group Company 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 28.3 1.6 18.4 8.2 –––––––––– 56.5 –––––––––– 30.3 2.6 19.4 6.4 –––––––––– 58.7 –––––––––– – – 0.2 – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 2016 £’m – – 0.1 – –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– 75 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 76 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 30 Financial liabilities – borrowings Group Current: Bank overdrafts Bank loans Current borrowings include the following amounts secured on property, plant and equipment and investment properties: Bank overdrafts Bank loans Non-current: Bank loans Finance leases Non-current borrowings include the following amounts secured on plant and equipment and investment properties: Bank loans Finance leases The repayment of bank loans and overdrafts fall due as follows: Within one year or on demand (included in current liabilities) Between 1 – 2 years Between 2 – 5 years Minimum ﬁnance lease payments fall due as follows: Between 2 – 5 years Future ﬁnance charges on ﬁnance leases Present value of ﬁnance lease liabilities 76 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 1.2 0.6 –––––––––– 1.8 –––––––––– 1.1 0.6 –––––––––– 1.7 –––––––––– 0.8 0.6 –––––––––– 1.4 –––––––––– 0.2 0.6 –––––––––– 0.8 –––––––––– 3.9 0.1 –––––––––– 4.0 –––––––––– 4.5 – –––––––––– 4.5 –––––––––– 3.9 0.1 –––––––––– 4.0 –––––––––– 4.5 – –––––––––– 4.5 –––––––––– 1.8 0.6 3.3 –––––––––– 5.7 –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– 0.1 – –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– 1.7 0.6 3.9 –––––––––– 6.2 –––––––––– – –––––––––– – – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 77 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 30 Financial liabilities – borrowings (continued) The rates of interest payable by the group ranged between: Bank overdrafts Bank loans Finance leases 31 Provisions Group At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences Utilised in the period Provided in the period At 1 January 2017 Exchange diﬀerences Utilised in the period Provided in the period Unused amounts reversed in period At 31 December 2017 Current: At 31 December 2017 At 31 December 2016 2017 % 2016 % 2.25 – 21.50 2.00 – 33.00 3.03 – 3.03 6.80 - 9.50 Wages and salaries £’m Claims £’m Total £’m 4.0 1.0 (2.0) 4.7 –––––––––– 7.7 (1.0) (0.4) 7.7 – –––––––––– 0.8 – (0.1) 0.2 –––––––––– 0.9 – – 0.7 (0.4) –––––––––– 4.8 1.0 (2.1) 4.9 –––––––––– 8.6 (1.0) (0.4) 8.4 (0.4) –––––––––– 14.0 –––––––––– 1.2 –––––––––– 15.2 –––––––––– 14.0 –––––––––– 7.7 –––––––––– 1.2 –––––––––– 0.9 –––––––––– 15.2 –––––––––– 8.6 –––––––––– The wages and salaries provisions are in respect of unresolved wage negotiations in Kenya for the Collective Bargaining Agreement years of 2014/15 and 2016/17 and ongoing wage negotiations in India and Bangladesh. 32 Deferred tax The net movement on the deferred tax account is set out below: Group Company 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 2016 £’m At 1 January Exchange diﬀerences (Credited)/charged to the income statement Credited to equity At 31 December 43.1 (3.7) (0.5) 1.1 –––––––––– 37.2 6.4 0.7 (1.2) –––––––––– 40.0 –––––––––– 43.1 –––––––––– 0.2 – – – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 0.2 – – – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 77 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:57 Page 78 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 32 Deferred tax (continued) The movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities is set out below: Deferred tax liabilities At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences (Credited)/charged to the income statement At 1 January 2017 Exchange diﬀerences Charged/(credited) to the income statement At 31 December 2017 Deferred tax assets oﬀset Net deferred tax liability after oﬀset Deferred tax assets At 1 January 2016 Exchange diﬀerences Credited to the income statement Credited to equity At 1 January 2017 Exchange diﬀerences Credited to the income statement Charged to equity Recategorisation At 31 December 2017 Oﬀset against deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax asset after oﬀset Accelerated tax depreciation £’m Other £’m Total £’m 43.2 7.7 (1.9) –––––––––– 49.0 (4.4) 3.5 –––––––––– 0.1 0.2 2.8 –––––––––– 3.1 (0.2) (2.0) –––––––––– 43.3 7.9 0.9 –––––––––– 52.1 (4.6) 1.5 –––––––––– 48.1 –––––––––– 0.9 –––––––––– 49.0 –––––––––– (8.8) –––––––––– 40.2 –––––––––– Tax losses £’m 0.5 0.1 (0.3) – –––––––––– 0.3 – 0.4 – – –––––––––– 0.7 –––––––––– Pension scheme asset £’m 1.1 0.1 (1.3) 0.9 –––––––––– 0.8 (0.5) 0.1 (1.0) 3.8 –––––––––– Other £’m Total £’m 4.5 1.3 1.8 0.3 –––––––––– 7.9 (0.4) 1.5 (0.1) (3.8) –––––––––– 6.1 1.5 0.2 1.2 –––––––––– 9.0 (0.9) 2.0 (1.1) – –––––––––– 3.2 –––––––––– 5.1 –––––––––– 9.0 –––––––––– (8.8) –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– Deferred tax liabilities of £23.8 million (2016: £24.3 million) have not been recognised for the withholding tax and other taxes that would be payable on the unremitted earnings of certain subsidiaries. Such amounts are permanently reinvested. Deferred tax assets are recognised for tax losses carried forward only to the extent that the realisation of the related tax beneﬁt through future taxable proﬁts is probable. The Group has not recognised deferred tax assets of £10.9 million (2016: £9.5 million) in respect of losses that can be carried forward against future taxable income. 78 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 79 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 33 Employee beneﬁt obligations (i) Pensions Certain Group subsidiaries operate deﬁned contribution and funded deﬁned beneﬁt pension schemes. The most signiﬁcant is the UK funded, ﬁnal salary deﬁned beneﬁt scheme. The assets of this scheme are administered by trustees and are kept separate from those of the Group. The performance of the assets is monitored on a regular basis by the trustees and their investment advisors. A full actuarial valuation was undertaken as at 1 July 2017 and updated to 31 December 2017 by a qualiﬁed independent actuary. The UK ﬁnal salary deﬁned beneﬁt pension scheme is closed to new entrants and with eﬀect from 1 November 2016, the scheme was closed to future accruals. Since that date members have participated in a deﬁned contribution scheme. The overseas schemes are operated in Group subsidiaries located in Bangladesh, India and The Netherlands. Actuarial valuations have been updated to 31 December 2017 by qualiﬁed actuaries for these schemes. Assumptions The major assumptions used in the valuation to determine the present value of the schemes’ deﬁned beneﬁt obligations were as follows: UK schemes Rate of increase in salaries Rate of increase to LPI (Limited Price Indexation) pensions in payment Discount rate applied to scheme liabilities Inﬂation assumption (CPI/RPI) 2017 2016 % per annum % per annum N/a 2.20 – 5.00 2.45 2.20/3.20 2.00 2.40 – 5.00 2.65 2.40/3.40 Assumptions regarding future mortality experience are based on advice received from independent actuaries. The current mortality tables used are SAPS 2, males 105% and females 104%, on a year of birth basis, with CMI_2016 future improvement factors and subject to a long term annual rate of future improvement of 1.25% per annum. This results in males and females aged 65 having life expectancies of 21.7 years (2016: 22.5 years) and 23 years respectively (2016: 24.4 years). Overseas schemes Rate of increase in salaries Rate of increase to LPI (Limited Price Indexation) pensions in payment Discount rate applied to scheme liabilities Inﬂation assumption 1.50 – 7.00 0.00 – 3.00 2.00 – 7.50 0.00 – 7.00 1.50 – 7.00 0.00 – 5.00 1.80 – 9.00 0.00 – 7.00 (ii) Post-employment beneﬁts Certain Group subsidiaries located in Kenya, India and Bangladesh have an obligation to pay terminal gratuities, based on years of service. These obligations are estimated annually using the projected unit method by qualiﬁed independent actuaries. Schemes operated in India are funded but the schemes operated in Kenya and Bangladesh are unfunded. Operations in India and Bangladesh also have an obligation to pay medical beneﬁts upon retirement. These schemes are unfunded. 79 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 80 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 33 Employee beneﬁt obligations (continued) Assumptions The major assumptions used in the valuation to determine the present value of the post-employment beneﬁt obligations were as follows: Rate of increase in salaries Discount rate applied to scheme liabilities Inﬂation assumptions 2017 2016 % per annum % per annum 6.00 – 10.00 6.00 – 10.00 7.00 – 13.50 6.75 – 14.50 0.00 – 10.00 0.00 – 10.00 (iii) Leave obligations Certain Group subsidiaries located in India have an obligation to pay leave beneﬁt, based on years of service. These obligations are estimated annually using the projected unit method by qualiﬁed independent actuaries. These schemes are unfunded. Sensitivity analysis The sensitivity of the UK deﬁned beneﬁt obligation to changes in the weighted principal assumptions is: Discount rate Discount rate Rate of RPI inﬂation Rate of RPI inﬂation Life expectancy Life expectancy Change in assumption Impact on deﬁned beneﬁt obligation 0.5% higher 0.5% lower 0.25% higher 0.25% lower +1 year -1 year 7.2% decrease 8.1% increase 1.8% increase 1.7% decrease 4.5% increase 4.5% decrease The above changes in assumptions may have an impact on the value of the scheme’s investment holdings. For example, the scheme holds a proportion of its assets in corporate bonds. A fall in the discount rate as a result of lower UK corporate bond yields would lead to an increase in the value of these assets, thus mitigating the increase in the deﬁned beneﬁt obligation to some extent. The sensitivities have been calculated by changing the key assumption only and leaving all others ﬁxed. Duration of the scheme liabilities The weighted average duration of the UK scheme’s liabilities is 15 years. Analysis of scheme liabilities The liabilities of the UK scheme are split as follows: % 41 59 –––––––––– 100 –––––––––– Deferred pensioners Current pensioners Total membership 80 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 81 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 33 Employee beneﬁt obligations (continued) (iv) Actuarial valuations 2017 UK Overseas £’m £’m Equities and property Bonds Diversiﬁed growth Cash Other Total fair value of plan assets Present value of deﬁned beneﬁt obligations Total deﬁcit in the schemes Amount recognised as asset in the balance sheet Amount recognised as current liability in the balance sheet Amount recognised as non-current liability in the balance sheet Related deferred tax asset (note 32) Net deﬁcit Total £’m 109.3 67.7 16.9 7.8 4.9 –––––––– 2016 UK Overseas £’m £’m 96.5 62.6 – 5.0 – –––––––– 0.7 17.6 – 6.8 4.9 –––––––– Total £’m 97.2 80.2 – 11.8 4.9 –––––––– 108.6 48.2 16.9 0.6 – –––––––– 174.3 0.7 19.5 – 7.2 4.9 –––––––– 32.3 206.6 164.1 30.0 194.1 (188.6) –––––––– (14.3) –––––––– (48.9) –––––––– (16.6) –––––––– (237.5) –––––––– (30.9) –––––––– (208.7) –––––––– (44.6) –––––––– (52.1) –––––––– (22.1) –––––––– (260.8) –––––––– (66.7) –––––––– – – 0.3 0.3 (0.7) (0.7) – – 0.1 0.1 (0.9) (0.9) (14.3) –––––––– (14.3) – –––––––– (14.3) –––––––– (16.2) –––––––– (16.6) 3.2 –––––––– (13.4) –––––––– (30.5) –––––––– (30.9) 3.2 –––––––– (27.7) –––––––– (44.6) –––––––– (44.6) – –––––––– (44.6) –––––––– (21.3) –––––––– (22.1) 0.8 –––––––– (21.3) –––––––– (65.9) –––––––– (66.7) 0.8 –––––––– (65.9) –––––––– Movements in the fair value of scheme assets were as follows: At 1 January Transfer from other creditors Expected return on plan assets Employer contributions Beneﬁt payments Actuarial gains Exchange diﬀerences At 31 December 2017 UK Overseas £’m £’m 164.1 – 4.1 0.9 (9.6) 14.8 – –––––––– 174.3 –––––––– 30.0 – 1.8 3.8 (2.1) 0.1 (1.3) –––––––– 32.3 –––––––– Total £’m 194.1 – 5.9 4.7 (11.7) 14.9 (1.3) –––––––– 206.6 –––––––– 2016 UK Overseas £’m £’m 149.6 – 5.6 1.4 (7.6) 15.1 – –––––––– 164.1 –––––––– 22.4 0.6 1.8 2.8 (2.1) 0.4 4.1 –––––––– 30.0 –––––––– Total £’m 172.0 0.6 7.4 4.2 (9.7) 15.5 4.1 –––––––– 194.1 –––––––– 81 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 82 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 33 Employee beneﬁt obligations (continued) Movements in the present value of deﬁned beneﬁt obligations were as follows: At 1 January Transfer from other creditors Current service cost Interest cost Beneﬁt payments Actuarial gains/(losses) Exchange diﬀerences At 31 December 2017 UK Overseas £’m £’m (208.7) – – (5.3) 9.6 15.8 – –––––––– (188.6) –––––––– (52.1) – (2.5) (3.3) 2.1 3.6 3.3 –––––––– (48.9) –––––––– Total £’m (260.8) – (2.5) (8.6) 11.7 19.4 3.3 –––––––– (237.5) –––––––– 2016 UK Overseas £’m £’m (174.1) – (0.4) (6.5) 7.6 (35.3) – –––––––– (208.7) –––––––– (36.5) (1.1) (1.8) (3.1) 2.1 (4.5) (7.2) –––––––– (52.1) –––––––– Total £’m (210.6) (1.1) (2.2) (9.6) 9.7 (39.8) (7.2) –––––––– (260.8) –––––––– In 2015, the total fair value of plan assets was £172.0 million, present value of deﬁned beneﬁt obligations was £210.6 million and the deﬁcit was £38.6 million. In 2014, the total fair value of plan assets was £169.6 million, present value of deﬁned beneﬁt obligations was £211.2 million and the deﬁcit was £41.6 million and in 2013, the total fair value of plan assets was £164.0 million, present value of deﬁned beneﬁt obligations was £185.4 million and the deﬁcit was £21.4 million. Income Statement The amounts recognised in the Income Statement are as follows: 2017 UK Overseas £’m £’m Total £’m 2016 UK Overseas £’m £’m Total £’m Amounts charged to operating proﬁt: Current service cost – –––––––– (2.5) –––––––– (2.5) –––––––– (0.4) –––––––– (1.8) –––––––– (2.2) –––––––– Total operating charge Amounts charged to other ﬁnance costs: Interest expense (1.2) –––––––– Total charged to income statement (1.2) –––––––– – (2.5) (2.5) (0.4) (1.8) (2.2) (1.5) –––––––– (4.0) –––––––– (2.7) –––––––– (5.2) –––––––– (0.9) –––––––– (1.3) –––––––– (1.3) –––––––– (3.1) –––––––– (2.2) –––––––– (4.4) –––––––– Employer contributions to deﬁned contribution schemes are charged to proﬁt when payable and the costs charged were £5.2 million (2016: £4.6 million). 82 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 83 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 33 Employee beneﬁt obligations (continued) Actuarial gains and losses recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income The amounts included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income: Remeasurements: Return on plan assets, excluding amount included in interest Gain from changes in demographic assumptions (Loss)/gain from changes in ﬁnancial 2017 UK Overseas £’m £’m 14.8 14.7 0.1 – Total £’m 14.9 14.7 2016 UK Overseas £’m £’m 15.1 – 0.4 – Total £’m 15.5 – assumptions Experience gains/(losses) Actuarial gain/(loss) (4.8) 5.9 –––––––– 30.6 –––––––– 4.8 (1.2) –––––––– 3.7 –––––––– – 4.7 –––––––– 34.3 –––––––– (37.1) 1.8 –––––––– (20.2) –––––––– (5.3) 0.8 –––––––– (4.1) –––––––– (42.4) 2.6 –––––––– (24.3) –––––––– Cumulative actuarial losses recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income are £25.0 million (2016: £59.3 million). As the UK deﬁned beneﬁt pension scheme was closed to future accrual and active members were transferred to a deﬁned contribution scheme, no employer contributions will be paid for the year commencing 1 January 2018, however, contributions totalling £0.2 million will be paid in accordance with the previous schedule of contributions. No contributions will be made after 1 April 2018 as the latest actuarial valuation shows a funding surplus of £7.1 million. 34 Share capital Authorised: 2,842,000 (2016: 2,842,000) ordinary shares of 10p each Allotted, called up and fully paid: ordinary shares of 10p each: At 1 January and 31 December – 2,824,500 (2016: 2,824,500) shares 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 0.3 –––––––––– 0.3 –––––––––– 0.3 –––––––––– 0.3 –––––––––– Group companies hold 62,500 issued shares in the Company. These are classiﬁed as treasury shares. 83 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 84 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 35 Reconciliation of proﬁt from continuing operations to cash ﬂow Group Proﬁt from continuing operations Share of associates’ results Depreciation and amortisation Impairment of assets and provisions Proﬁt on disposal of non-current assets Proﬁt on disposal of investments Increase in working capital Pensions and similar provisions less payments Cash generated from continuing operations 36 Reconciliation of net cash ﬂow to movement in net cash Group Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents in the year Net cash outﬂow from decrease in debt Increase/(decrease) in net cash resulting from cash ﬂows Exchange rate movements Increase in net cash in the year Net cash at beginning of year Net cash at end of year 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 27.3 (2.0) 15.4 1.8 (0.1) (0.7) 1.2 (2.2) –––––––––– 25.6 (5.1) 14.9 0.1 (0.2) (1.5) 3.0 (1.5) –––––––––– 40.7 –––––––––– 35.3 –––––––––– 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 40.2 0.5 –––––––––– 40.7 (5.2) –––––––––– 35.5 66.7 –––––––––– 102.2 –––––––––– (4.1) 0.6 –––––––––– (3.5) 10.3 –––––––––– 6.8 59.9 –––––––––– 66.7 –––––––––– 84 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 85 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 37 Commitments Capital commitments Capital expenditure contracted for at the balance sheet date but not yet incurred is as follows: Group Property, plant and equipment 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2.5 –––––––––– 2.5 –––––––––– 1.9 –––––––––– 1.9 –––––––––– Operating leasing commitments – minimum lease payments The Group leases land and buildings, plant and machinery under non-cancellable operating lease arrangements, which have various terms and renewal rights. The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows: Group Land and buildings: Within 1 year Between 1 – 5 years After 5 years Plant and machinery: Within 1 year Between 1 – 5 years 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 1.0 3.0 17.1 –––––––––– 21.1 –––––––––– 2.0 2.8 18.3 –––––––––– 23.1 –––––––––– 0.2 0.2 –––––––––– 0.4 –––––––––– 0.3 0.2 –––––––––– 0.5 –––––––––– The Group’s most signiﬁcant operating lease commitments are long term property leases with renewal terms in excess of 60 years. 38 Contingencies In India, assessments have been received for excise duties of £3.8 million and of £1.3 million for income tax matters. These are being contested on the basis that they are without technical merit. In India, a long running dispute between our local subsidiaries and the Government of West Bengal over the payment of a land transfer tax, locally called, “Salami”, remains unresolved. Lawyers acting for the Group have advised that payment of Salami does not apply. The sum in dispute, excluding ﬁnes and penalties, amounts to £1.4 million. Since the year end, and pending resolution of the dispute (which, if resolved in our favour, will result in the sums being returned), the Group has agreed to deposit the tax in seven equal annual instalments in order to allow the normal functioning of the estates. The Group operates in certain countries where its operations are potentially subject to a number of legal claims. When required, appropriate provisions are made for the expected cost of such claims. 85 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 86 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 39 Financial instruments Capital risk management The Group manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern, while maximising the return to stakeholders through the optimisation of its debt and equity balance. The capital structure of the Group consists of debt, which includes the borrowings disclosed in note 30, cash and cash equivalents and equity attributable to equity holders of the parent, comprising issued capital, reserves and retained earnings. The Board reviews the capital structure, with an objective to ensure that gross borrowings as a percentage of tangible net assets does not exceed 50 per cent. The ratio at the year end is as follows: Borrowings Tangible net assets Ratio 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 5.8 –––––––––– 6.2 –––––––––– 365.2 –––––––––– 329.7 –––––––––– 1.59% –––––––––– 1.88% –––––––––– Borrowings are deﬁned as current and non-current borrowings, as detailed in note 30. Tangible net assets includes all capital and reserves of the Group attributable to equity holders of the parent less intangible assets. Financial instruments by category At 31 December 2017 Group Assets as per Balance Sheet Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Trade and other receivables excluding prepayments Cash and cash equivalents Loans and Available for sale receivables £’m £’m Total £’m – 39.7 108.0 –––––––––– 147.7 –––––––––– 47.0 – – –––––––––– 47.0 –––––––––– 47.0 39.7 108.0 –––––––––– 194.7 –––––––––– 86 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 87 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 39 Financial instruments (continued) Group Liabilities as per Balance Sheet Borrowings Trade and other payables Company Trade and other payables At 31 December 2016 Group Assets as per Balance Sheet Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Trade and other receivables excluding prepayments Cash and cash equivalents (excluding bank subsidiaries) Company Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Group Liabilities as per Balance Sheet Borrowings Trade and other payables Company Trade and other payables Other ﬁnancial liabilities at amortised cost £’m Total £’m 5.8 69.7 –––––––––– 5.8 69.7 –––––––––– 75.5 –––––––––– 75.5 –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– Loans and Available for sale receivables £’m £’m – 37.2 37.2 – Total £’m 37.2 37.2 72.9 –––––––––– 110.1 –––––––––– – –––––––––– 37.2 –––––––––– 72.9 –––––––––– 147.3 –––––––––– – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– Other ﬁnancial liabilities at amortised cost £’m Total £’m 6.2 64.3 –––––––––– 70.5 –––––––––– 6.2 64.3 –––––––––– 70.5 –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– 0.1 –––––––––– 87 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 88 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 39 Financial instruments (continued) Fair value estimation The table below analyses ﬁnancial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method. The diﬀerent levels have been deﬁned as follows: ■ Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1). ■ ■ Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (Level 2). Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) (Level 3). The following table presents the Group’s ﬁnancial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. See note 19 for disclosures of biological assets that are measured at fair value. At 31 December 2017 Assets Available-for sale ﬁnancial assets: – Equity securities Debt investments: – Debentures At 31 December 2016 Assets Available-for sale ﬁnancial assets: – Equity securities Debt investments: – Debentures Level 1 £’m Level 3 £’m Total £’m 43.7 – 43.7 3.3 –––––––––– 47.0 –––––––––– – –––––––––– – –––––––––– 3.3 –––––––––– 47.0 –––––––––– Level 1 £’m Level 3 £’m Total £’m 36.5 0.2 36.7 0.5 –––––––––– 37.0 –––––––––– – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 0.5 –––––––––– 37.2 –––––––––– Financial risk management objectives The Group ﬁnances its operations by a mixture of retained proﬁts, bank borrowings, long-term loans and leases. The objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and ﬂexibility through the use of borrowings with a range of maturities. To achieve this, the maturity proﬁle of borrowings and facilities are regularly reviewed. The Group also seeks to maintain suﬃcient undrawn committed borrowing facilities to provide ﬂexibility in the management of the Group’s liquidity. Given the nature and diversity of the Group’s operations, the board does not believe a highly complex use of ﬁnancial instruments would be of signiﬁcant beneﬁt to the Group. However, where appropriate, the Board does authorise the use of certain ﬁnancial instruments to mitigate ﬁnancial risks that face the Group, where it is eﬀective to do so. Various ﬁnancial instruments arise directly from the Group’s operations, for example cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables. In addition, the Group uses ﬁnancial instruments for two main reasons, namely: To ﬁnance its operations (to mitigate liquidity risk); To manage currency risks arising from its operations and arising from its sources of ﬁnance (to mitigate foreign exchange risk). ■ ■ 88 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 89 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 39 Financial instruments (continued) The Group, including Duncan Lawrie, the Group’s discontinued banking subsidiary, did not, in accordance with Group policy, trade in ﬁnancial instruments throughout the period under review. (A) Market risk (i) Foreign exchange risk The Group has no material exposure to foreign currency exchange risk on currencies other than the functional currencies of the operating entities, with the exception of signiﬁcant Japanese available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets. A movement by 5 per cent. in the exchange rate of the Japanese Yen with Sterling, the Group’s equity balance would increase/decrease by £1.0 million (2016: £0.8 million). Currency risks are primarily managed through the use of natural hedging and regularly reviewing when cash should be exchanged into either sterling or another functional currency. (ii) Price risk The Group is exposed to equity securities price risk because of investments held by the Group and classiﬁed on the consolidated balance sheet as available-for-sale. To manage its price risk arising from investments in equity securities, the Group diversiﬁes its portfolio. The majority of the Group’s equity investments are publicly traded and are quoted on stock exchanges located in Bermuda, Japan, Switzerland, UK and US. Should these equity indexes increase or decrease by 5 per cent. with all other variables held constant and all the Group’s equity instruments move accordingly, the Group’s equity balance would increase/decrease by £2.2 million (2016: £1.8 million). The Group’s exposure to commodity price risk is not signiﬁcant. (iii) Cash ﬂow and interest rate risk The Group’s interest rate risk arises from interest-bearing assets and short and long-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the Group to cash ﬂow interest rate risk. The Group’s UK borrowings of £4.6 million are at ﬁxed rates. At 31 December 2017, if interest rates on non-sterling denominated interest-bearing assets and borrowings had been 50 basis points higher/lower with all other variables held constant, post-tax proﬁt for the year would have been £0.3 million (2016: £0.3 million) higher/lower. The interest rate exposure of the Group’s interest bearing assets and liabilities by currency, at 31 December was: Assets Liabilities Sterling US Dollar Euro Swiss Franc Kenyan Shilling Indian Rupee Malawian Kwacha Bangladesh Taka South African Rand Brazilian Real Bermudian Dollar 2017 £’m 40.9 13.1 0.9 0.6 26.8 9.4 0.1 10.9 0.6 2.7 2.0 –––––––––– 108.0 –––––––––– 2016 £’m 7.5 17.3 0.9 0.8 19.2 12.5 0.1 9.7 1.5 2.7 0.7 –––––––––– 72.9 –––––––––– 2017 £’m 4.6 – 0.1 – – 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 – – –––––––––– 5.8 –––––––––– 2016 £’m 5.1 – – – – 0.1 0.9 0.1 – – – –––––––––– 6.2 –––––––––– 89 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 90 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 39 Financial instruments (continued) (B) Credit risk The Group has policies in place to limit its exposure to credit risk. Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, deposits with banks and ﬁnancial institutions, as well as credit exposures to customers, including outstanding receivables and committed transactions. If customers are independently rated, these ratings are used. Otherwise if there is no independent rating, management assesses the credit quality of the customer taking into account its ﬁnancial position, past experience and other factors and if appropriate holding liens over stock and receiving payments in advance of services or goods as required. Management monitors the utilisation of credit limits regularly. The Group has a large number of trade receivables, the largest ﬁve receivables at the year end comprise 27 per cent. (2016: 27 per cent.) of total trade receivables. (C) Liquidity risk Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the board of Directors. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves and banking facilities by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash ﬂows and managing the maturity proﬁles of ﬁnancial assets and liabilities. At 31 December 2017, the Group had undrawn committed facilities of £25.8 million (2016: £28.5 million), all of which are due to be reviewed within one year. The table below analyses the Group’s ﬁnancial assets and liabilities which will be settled on a net basis into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed are the contractual undiscounted cash ﬂows. Less than 1 Between 1 Between 2 Over 5 year and 2 years and 5 years £’m £’m £’m years Undated £’m £’m Total £’m At 31 December 2017 Assets Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Liabilities Borrowings Trade and other payables At 31 December 2016 Assets Available-for-sale ﬁnancial assets Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Liabilities Borrowings Trade and other payables 0.1 37.8 108.0 –––––––– 145.9 –––––––– 1.8 54.9 –––––––– 56.7 –––––––– 0.1 35.4 72.9 –––––––– 108.4 –––––––– 1.7 56.1 –––––––– 57.8 –––––––– 0.2 1.9 – –––––––– 2.1 –––––––– 0.6 – –––––––– 0.6 –––––––– 0.1 1.8 – –––––––– 1.9 –––––––– 0.6 – –––––––– 0.6 –––––––– 1.5 – – 1.5 – – –––––––– –––––––– 1.5 –––––––– –––––––– 1.5 3.4 – – – –––––––– –––––––– – –––––––– –––––––– 3.4 0.3 – – – – – –––––––– –––––––– – –––––––– –––––––– 0.3 3.9 – – – –––––––– –––––––– – –––––––– –––––––– 3.9 43.7 – – –––––––– 43.7 –––––––– 47.0 39.7 108.0 –––––––– 194.7 –––––––– – – –––––––– – –––––––– 5.8 54.9 –––––––– 60.7 –––––––– 36.7 – – –––––––– 36.7 –––––––– 37.2 37.2 72.9 –––––––– 147.3 –––––––– – – –––––––– – –––––––– 6.2 56.1 –––––––– 62.3 –––––––– Included in borrowings due in less than 1 year is £1.2 million (2016: £1.1 million) repayable on demand. 90 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 91 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings Subsidiary undertakings The subsidiary undertakings of the Group at 31 December 2017, which are wholly owned and incorporated in Great Britain unless otherwise stated, were: Principal country of Registered Oﬃce operation Agriculture India Amgoorie India Limited (Incorporated in India – 99.8 per cent. holding) Bangladesh Amo Tea Company Limited C.C. Lawrie Comércio e Participacões Ltda. (Incorporated in Brazil) Brazil Chittagong Warehouse Limited (Incorporated in Bangladesh – 93.3% holding) Bangladesh Bangladesh Duncan Brothers Limited (Incorporated in Bangladesh) Eastern Produce Cape (Pty) Limited (Incorporated in South Africa) South Africa Eastern Produce Estates South Africa (Pty) Limited (Incorporated in South Africa – held by Eastern Produce South Africa (Pty) Limited) South Africa Kenya Eastern Produce Kenya Limited (Incorporated in Kenya – 70.0 per cent. holding) Eastern Produce Malawi Limited (Incorporated in Malawi– 73.2 per cent. holding) Malawi Eastern Produce South Africa (Pty) Limited (Incorporated in South Africa – 73.2 per cent. holding) South Africa Bangladesh Eastland Camellia Limited (Incorporated in Bangladesh – 93.8% holding) India Goodricke Group Limited (Incorporated in India – 76.5 per cent. holding) Goodricke Tech Limited (Incorporated in India - 99.8 per cent. holding) India Horizon Farms (An United States of America general partnership – 80 per cent. holding) USA Kakuzi Limited (Incorporated in Kenya – 50.7 per cent. holding) Kenya India Koomber Tea Company Limited (Incorporated in India) Octavius Steel & Company of Bangladesh Limited (Incorporated in Bangladesh) Bangladesh Robertson Bois Dickson Anderson Limited UK India Stewart Holl (India) Limited (Incorporated in India – 92.0 per cent. holding) Bangladesh Surmah Valley Tea Company Limited Bangladesh The Allynugger Tea Company Limited Bangladesh The Chandpore Tea Company Limited Bangladesh The Lungla (Sylhet) Tea Company Limited Bangladesh The Mazdehee Tea Company Limited Malawi Victoria Investments Limited (Incorporated in Malawi – 73.2 per cent. holding) Zetmac (Pty) Limited (Incorporated in South Africa – 55.8 per cent. held by Eastern Produce Estates South Africa (Pty) Limited) South Africa Engineering Abbey Metal Finishing Company Limited A JT Engineering Limited AKD Engineering Limited Atﬁn GmbH (Incorporated in Germany – 51.0 per cent. holding) British Metal Treatments Limited GU Cutting and Grinding Services Limited Unochrome Investments Limited (formerly Loddon Engineering Limited) XiMo AG (Incorporated in Switzerland – 51.0 per cent. holding) Food Service Aﬃsh BV (Incorporated in Holland) Associated Cold Stores & Transport Limited Duncan Products Limited (Incorporated in Bangladesh) Wylax International BV (Incorporated in Holland) UK UK UK Germany UK UK UK Switzerland The Netherlands UK Bangladesh The Netherlands (ii) (i) (vi) (vii) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xii) (ix) (vii) (iii) (iii) (xiii) (xi) (iv) (vii) (i) (v) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (xii) (ix) (i) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (i) (i) (i) (xvii) (xviii) (i) (vii) (xviii) 91 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 92 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) Subsidiary undertakings (continued) Banking and Financial Services Duncan Lawrie Limited Duncan Lawrie Holdings Limited Duncan Lawrie International Holdings Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Duncan Lawrie (IOM) Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Duncan Lawrie Oﬀshore Services Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Dunman Nominees Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Havelock Nominees Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Hobart Place Nominees Limited Mount Havelock Directors Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Mount Havelock Investments Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Mount Havelock Secretaries Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Investment Holding Aﬃsh Limited Assam Dooars Investments Limited Associated Fisheries Limited Borbam Limited (Incorporated in India – 99.8 per cent. holding) Bordure Limited Duncan Properties Limited (Incorporated in Bangladesh) Eastern Produce Investments Limited Elgin Investments Limited (Incorporated in India – 99.8 per cent. holding) Endogram Limited EP USA Inc. (Incorporated in the United States of America) EP California Inc. (Incorporated in the United States of America) John Ingham & Sons Limited Koomber Properties Limited (Incorporated in India – 94.0 per cent. holding) Lawrie (Bermuda) Limited (Incorporated in Bermuda) Lawrie Group Plc (Owned directly by the company) Lawrie International Limited (Incorporated in Bermuda) Lebong Investments Limited (Incorporated in India – 94.0 per cent. holding) Linton Park Plc (Owned directly by the company) Lintak Investments Limited (Incorporated in Kenya) Longbourne Holdings Limited Plantation House Investments Limited (Incorporated in Malawi – 50.2 per cent. held by subsidiaries) Shula Limited (Incorporated in Isle of Man) Unochrome Industries Limited Western Dooars Investments Limited Other Linton Park Services Limited Principal country of operation UK UK Isle of Man Isle of Man Isle of Man Isle of Man Isle of Man UK Isle of Man Isle of Man Isle of Man UK UK UK India UK Bangladesh UK India India USA USA UK India Bermuda UK Bermuda India UK Kenya Bangladesh Malawi Isle of Man UK UK UK Registered Oﬃce (i) (i) (xix) (xix) (xix) (xix) (xix) (i) (xix) (xix) (xix) (i) (i) (i) (iii) (i) (vii) (i) (iii) (iii) (xiii) (xiii) (i) (iii) (xx) (i) (xx) (iii) (i) (x) (i) (xii) (xix) (i) (i) (i) 92 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 93 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) Subsidiary undertakings (continued) Principal country of operation Registered Oﬃce Dormant companies ACS&T Gloucester Limited ACS&T Grimsby Limited ACS&T Humberside Limited ACS&T Seamer Limited ACS&T Tewkesbury Limited ACS&T Wolverhampton Limited Alex Lawrie & Company Limited Amgoorie Investments Limited Assam-Dooars Holdings Limited Associated Fisheries (Scotland) Limited Banbury Tea Warehouses Limited Blantyre & East Africa Limited Blantyre Insurance & General Agencies Limited (Incorporated in Malawi – Eastern Produce Malawi Limited) Bonathaba Farms (Pty) Limited (Incorporated in South Africa) British African Tea Estates (Holdings) Limited British African Tea Estates Limited British Heat Treatments Limited British Indian Tea Company Limited British United Trawlers Limited BTS Chemicals Limited BUT Engineers (Fleetwood) Limited BUT Engineers (Grimsby) Limited Camellia Investments Limited Chisambo Holdings Limited Chisambo Tea Estate Limited Cholo Holdings Limited Craighead Investments Limited David Field Limited East African Tea Plantations Limited (Incorporated in Kenya – held by Eastern Produce Kenya Limited) Eastern Produce Africa Limited Eastern Produce Kakuzi Services Limited (Incorporated in Kenya – held UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK Malawi South Africa UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK Kenya UK by Kakuzi Limited) Kenya EP (RBDA) Limited (Incorporated in Malawi – Eastern Produce Malawi Limited) Malawi Kenya Estate Services Limited (Incorporated in Kenya – held by Kakuzi Limited) UK Feltham 1 Limited UK Feltham 2 Limited UK Fescol Limited UK G. F. Sleight & Sons Limited UK Goodricke Lawrie Consultants Limited UK Gotha Tea Estates Limited UK Granton Transport Limited UK Hamstead Village Investments Limited UK Hellyer Brothers Limited UK Horace Hickling & Company Limited UK Hudson Brothers Trawlers Limited (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (xiv) (i) (xiv) (xii) (viii) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (x) (i) (x) (xii) (xi) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (xiv) (i) (i) (i) (i) 93 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 94 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) Subsidiary undertakings (continued) Principal country of operation Registered Oﬃce Dormant companies (continued) UK Humber Commercials Limited UK Humber St. Andrew’s Engineering Company Limited UK Isa Bheel Tea Company Limited UK Jatel Plc UK Jetinga Holdings Limited UK Jetinga Valley Tea Company Limited Kenya Kaguru EPZ Limited (Incorporated in Kenya – held by Kakuzi Limited) Kapsumbeiwa Factory Company Limited UK Kip Koimet Limited (Incorporated in Kenya – held by Eastern Produce Kenya Limited) Kenya UK Kumadzi Tea Estates Limited UK Lankapara Tea Company Limited UK Lawrie Bhutan Limited UK Lawrie Plantation Services Limited UK Leasing Investments Limited Malawi Nasonia Tea Company Limited (Incorporated in Malawi) UK North West Proﬁles Limited UK Octavius Steel & Company (London) Limited UK Robert Hudson Holdings Limited UK Rosehaugh (Africa) Limited UK Ruo Estates Limited UK Ruo Estates Holdings Limited Sandbach Export Limited UK Sapekoe Pusela (Pty) Limited (Incorporated in South Africa – held by Eastern Produce South Africa (Pty) Limited) Silverthorne-Gillott Limited SIS Securities Limited Sterling Industrial Securities Limited Stewart Holl Investments Limited The Amgoorie Tea Estates Limited The Bagracote Tea Company, Limited The Ceylon Upcountry Tea Estates Limited The Dejoo Tea Company Limited The Dhoolie Tea Company Limited The Doolahat Tea Company Limited The Eastern Produce & Estates Company Limited The Endogram Tea Company Limited The Jhanzie Tea Association Ltd The Harmutty Tea Company Limited The Kapsumbeiwa Tea Company Limited The Longai Valley Tea Company Limited The Tyspane Tea Company Limited Thyolo Highlands Tea Estates Limited Vaghamon (Travancore) Tea Company Limited Walter Duncan & Goodricke Limited WDG Properties Limited Western Dooars Tea Holdings Limited 94 South Africa UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (xi) (i) (x) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (xii) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (ix) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 95 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) Subsidiary undertakings (continued) Summarised ﬁnancial information on subsidiaries with material non-controlling interests Summarised balance sheet Current Assets Liabilities Total current net assets/(liabilities) Non-current Assets Liabilities Total non-current net assets Net assets Current Assets Liabilities Total current net assets Non-current Assets Liabilities Total non-current net assets Net assets Eastern Produce Kenya Limited as at 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m Eastern Produce Malawi Limited as at 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m 29.0 (25.1) –––––––––– 23.6 (20.0) –––––––––– 11.9 (9.5) –––––––––– 11.8 (11.4) –––––––––– 3.9 –––––––––– 3.6 –––––––––– 2.4 –––––––––– 0.4 –––––––––– 26.5 (4.1) –––––––––– 27.5 (5.7) –––––––––– 39.3 (12.0) –––––––––– 42.4 (12.4) –––––––––– 22.4 –––––––––– 21.8 –––––––––– 27.3 –––––––––– 30.0 –––––––––– 26.3 –––––––––– 25.4 –––––––––– 29.7 –––––––––– 30.4 –––––––––– Eastern Produce South Africa Limited as at 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m Goodricke Group Limited as at 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m 3.9 (1.2) –––––––––– 5.8 (1.1) –––––––––– 36.9 (22.0) –––––––––– 37.9 (19.8) –––––––––– 2.7 –––––––––– 4.7 –––––––––– 14.9 –––––––––– 18.1 –––––––––– 6.2 (1.1) –––––––––– 5.3 (1.5) –––––––––– 34.8 (10.3) –––––––––– 30.5 (10.5) –––––––––– 5.1 –––––––––– 3.8 –––––––––– 24.5 –––––––––– 20.0 –––––––––– 7.8 –––––––––– 8.5 –––––––––– 39.4 –––––––––– 38.1 –––––––––– 95 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 96 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) Subsidiary undertakings (continued) Current Assets Liabilities Total current net assets Non-current Assets Liabilities Total non-current net assets Net assets Summarised income statement Revenue Proﬁt before tax Taxation Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income Horizon Farms as at 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m Kakuzi Limited as at 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m 4.3 (0.5) –––––––––– 3.6 (0.2) –––––––––– 17.1 (4.4) –––––––––– 16.0 (3.4) –––––––––– 3.8 –––––––––– 3.4 –––––––––– 12.7 –––––––––– 12.6 –––––––––– 7.9 (0.7) –––––––––– 8.9 (0.8) –––––––––– 24.0 (5.8) –––––––––– 24.0 (6.3) –––––––––– 7.2 –––––––––– 8.1 –––––––––– 18.2 –––––––––– 17.7 –––––––––– 11.0 –––––––––– 11.5 –––––––––– 30.9 –––––––––– 30.3 –––––––––– Eastern Produce Kenya Limited for year ended 31 December 2017 £’m 2016 £’m Eastern Produce Malawi Limited for year ended 31 December 2016 £’m 2017 £’m 44.0 –––––––––– 38.9 –––––––––– 26.0 –––––––––– 9.0 (3.0) (2.1) –––––––––– 4.7 (1.2) 0.2 –––––––––– 5.2 (1.8) (2.7) –––––––––– 3.9 –––––––––– 3.7 –––––––––– 0.7 –––––––––– 21.1 –––––––––– 3.9 (1.2) – –––––––––– 2.7 –––––––––– Total comprehensive income allocated to non-controlling interests Dividends paid to non-controlling interests 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.9 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 96 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 97 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) Subsidiary undertakings (continued) Revenue (Loss)/proﬁt before tax Taxation Other comprehensive expense Total comprehensive (expense)/income Eastern Produce South Africa Limited for year ended 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m Goodricke Group Limited for year ended 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m 3.7 –––––––––– 4.5 –––––––––– 84.0 –––––––––– 72.7 –––––––––– (1.3) 0.4 – –––––––––– (0.6) 0.2 – –––––––––– 5.4 (2.1) (0.7) –––––––––– 6.6 (3.0) (1.0) –––––––––– (0.9) –––––––––– (0.4) –––––––––– 2.6 –––––––––– 2.6 –––––––––– Total comprehensive (expense)/income allocated to non-controlling interests Dividends paid to non-controlling interests (0.2) – (0.1) – 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.2 Revenue Proﬁt before tax Taxation Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income Total comprehensive income allocated to non-controlling interests Dividends paid to non-controlling interests Horizon Farms for year ended 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m Kakuzi Limited for year ended 31 December 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 6.6 –––––––––– 4.4 –––––––––– 19.2 –––––––––– 17.2 ––––––––– 3.8 (1.4) (0.8) –––––––––– 0.8 (0.3) – –––––––––– 6.3 (1.9) (2.9) –––––––––– 5.5 (1.4) 0.1 –––––––––– 1.6 –––––––––– 0.5 –––––––––– 1.5 –––––––––– 4.2 –––––––––– 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.1 0.4 97 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 98 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) Subsidiary undertakings (continued) Summarised cash ﬂows Cash ﬂows from operating activities Cash generated from operations Net interest received/(paid) Income tax paid Net cash generated from operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash used in ﬁnancing activities Eastern Produce Kenya Limited for year ended 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m Eastern Produce Malawi Limited for year ended 31 December 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 17.3 1.1 (3.4) –––––––––– 7.8 0.9 (5.9) –––––––––– 6.0 0.1 (1.0) –––––––––– 5.6 (0.1) (1.4) –––––––––– 15.0 –––––––––– 2.8 –––––––––– 5.1 –––––––––– 4.1 –––––––––– (3.4) –––––––––– (0.9) –––––––––– (2.9) –––––––––– (1.9) –––––––––– (2.8) –––––––––– (6.2) –––––––––– (1.2) –––––––––– (1.7) –––––––––– Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and bank overdrafts 8.8 (4.3) 1.0 0.5 Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at beginning of year Exchange (losses)/gains on cash and cash equivalents 13.0 (1.4) –––––––––– 14.9 2.4 –––––––––– (0.4) (0.1) –––––––––– (0.9) – –––––––––– Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at end of year Cash ﬂows from operating activities Cash generated from operations Net interest received Income tax paid Net cash generated from operating activities Net cash used in investing activities 20.4 –––––––––– 13.0 –––––––––– 0.5 –––––––––– (0.4) –––––––––– Eastern Produce South Africa Limited for year ended 31 December 2017 £’m 2016 £’m Goodricke Group Limited for year ended 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m 0.1 0.1 – –––––––––– 0.2 –––––––––– 2.0 0.1 – –––––––––– 2.1 –––––––––– 8.2 – (1.6) –––––––––– 6.7 – (0.8) –––––––––– 6.6 –––––––––– 5.9 –––––––––– (1.5) –––––––––– (0.5) –––––––––– (6.3) –––––––––– (3.0) –––––––––– Net cash generated from/(used in) ﬁnancing activities 0.1 –––––––––– – –––––––––– (1.4) –––––––––– (1.1) –––––––––– Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents and bank overdrafts (1.2) 1.6 (1.1) 1.8 Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at beginning of year Exchange (losses)/gains on cash and cash equivalents 3.9 (0.2) –––––––––– 1.7 0.6 –––––––––– 2.5 0.2 –––––––––– 0.6 0.1 –––––––––– Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at end of year 2.5 –––––––––– 3.9 –––––––––– 1.6 –––––––––– 2.5 –––––––––– 98 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 99 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) Subsidiary undertakings (continued) Cash ﬂows from operating activities Cash generated from operations Net interest received Income tax paid Horizon Farms for year ended 31 December 2016 2017 £’m £’m Kakuzi Limited for year ended 31 December 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 5.0 – (1.0) –––––––––– 0.7 – (1.1) –––––––––– 9.8 0.7 (0.9) –––––––––– 8.5 0.6 (1.7) –––––––––– Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities 4.0 –––––––––– (0.4) –––––––––– 9.6 –––––––––– 7.4 –––––––––– Net cash used in investing activities Net cash used in ﬁnancing activities (0.2) –––––––––– – –––––––––– (6.2) –––––––––– (4.8) –––––––––– (1.9) –––––––––– (1.5) –––––––––– (0.9) –––––––––– (0.7) –––––––––– Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and bank overdrafts 1.9 (1.9) 2.5 1.9 Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at beginning of year Exchange (losses)/gains on cash and cash equivalents 0.7 (0.1) –––––––––– 2.3 0.3 –––––––––– 11.3 (1.2) –––––––––– 7.8 1.6 –––––––––– Cash, cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at end of year 2.5 –––––––––– 0.7 –––––––––– 12.6 –––––––––– 11.3 –––––––––– Associated undertakings The principal associated undertakings of the Group at 31 December 2017 were: Principal country of operation Registered Oﬃce Group interest Accounting in equity capital (%) date 2017 Insurance and banking BF&M Limited (Incorporated in Bermuda – common stock) Bermuda (xx) 31 December 36.3 United Insurance Company Limited (Incorporated in Bangladesh – ordinary shares) United Finance Limited (Incorporated in Bangladesh – ordinary shares) Bangladesh (vii) 31 December 37.0 Bangladesh (vii) 31 December 38.4 99 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 100 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 40 Subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued) (ix) 7 Windsor Street (xvii) Altsagenstrasse 3 CH-6048 Horw Luzern Switzerland (xviii) Burg. van der Lelystraat 2 4285 BL Woudrichem Netherlands (xix) First Names House Victoria Road Douglas Isle of Man IM2 4DF (xx) 112 Pitts Bay Road Pembroke Bermuda HM08 Registered Oﬃces: (i) Linton Park Linton Maidstone Kent ME17 4AB England (ii) Amgoorie Tea Garden PO: Amguri Haloating – 785 681 Dist: Sibsagar Assam India Tzaneen 850 Limpopo Province South Africa (x) New Rehema House Rhapta Road Westlands P O Box 45560 GPO 00100 Nairobi Kenya (iii) Camellia House (xi) Main Oﬃce 14 Gurusaday Road Kolkata – 700019 West Bengal India (iv) Koomber Tea Garden PO: Kumbhir Cachar – 788 108 Assam India (v) Sessa Tea Garden PO: Dibrugarh – 786001 Dist: Dibrugarh Assam India (vi) Fazenda Maruque s/n sala 03 Bairro Maruque Itaberá São Paulo Brazil (vii) Camellia House 22 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh (viii) Slangrivier Road Slangrivier Plaas Wellington 7655 South Africa Punda Milia Road Makuyu P O Box 24 01000 Thika Kenya (xii) PO Box 53 Mulanje Malawi (xiii) 2520 West Shaw Lane Suite 101 Fresno California USA (xiv) Craigshaw Crescent West Tullos Aberdeen AB12 3TB Scotland (xv) Tower Bridge House St Katharine’s Way London E1W 1DD England (xvi) Robert-Drosten-Platz 1 D-82380 Peissenberg Germany 100 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 101 CAMELLIA PLC NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS 41 Control of Camellia Plc Camellia Holding AG continues to hold 1,427,000 ordinary shares of Camellia Plc (representing 51.67 per cent. of the total voting rights). Camellia Holding AG is owned by The Camellia Private Trust Company Limited, a private trust company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda as trustee of The Camellia Foundation (“the Foundation”). The Foundation is a Bermudian trust, the income of which is utilised for charitable, educational and humanitarian causes at the discretion of the trustees. The activities of Camellia Plc and its group (the “Camellia Group”) are conducted independently of the Foundation and none of the directors of Camellia Plc are connected with The Camellia Private Trust Company Limited or the Foundation. While The Camellia Private Trust Company Limited as a Trustee of the Foundation maintains its rights as a shareholder, it has not participated in, and has conﬁrmed to the board of Camellia Plc that it has no intention of participating in, the day to day running of the business of the Camellia Group. The Camellia Private Trust Company Limited has also conﬁrmed its agreement that where any director of Camellia Plc is for the time being connected with the Foundation, he should not exercise any voting rights as a director of Camellia Plc in relation to any matter concerning the Camellia Group’s interest in any assets in which the Foundation also has a material interest otherwise than through Camellia Plc. Gordon Fox is listed as a person of signiﬁcant inﬂuence on the Company’s register, a copy of which has been ﬁled at the UK Registrar of Companies. 101 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 102 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF CAMELLIA PLC Report on the audit of the ﬁnancial statements Opinion In our opinion: ■ ■ ■ ■ The ﬁnancial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the parent company’s aﬀairs as at 31 December 2017 and of the Group’s proﬁt for the year then ended; The Group ﬁnancial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union; The parent company ﬁnancial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and The ﬁnancial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. We have audited the ﬁnancial statements of Camellia Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) which comprise: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ The consolidated income statement; The consolidated statement of comprehensive income; The consolidated and parent company balance sheets; The consolidated and parent company statements of changes in equity; The consolidated and parent company cash ﬂow statements; and The related notes 1 to 41. The ﬁnancial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the parent company ﬁnancial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the ﬁnancial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group and the parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the ﬁnancial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulﬁlled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is suﬃcient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Summary of our audit approach Key audit matters The key audit matters that we identiﬁed in the current year were: ■ ■ ■ ■ Revenue recognition Fair value of biological assets under IAS 41 ‘Agriculture’ Impairment of factories and bearer plants Proﬁt on disposal of Duncan Lawrie businesses The materiality that we used for the Group ﬁnancial statements was £1.4m which was determined on the basis of 5% of proﬁt before tax from continuing operations. Our scoping provides full scope audit coverage of 98% of the Group’s revenue, 91% of the Group’s proﬁt before tax and 78% of the Group’s net assets. Materiality Scoping 102 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 103 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS Conclusions relating to going concern We are required by ISAs (UK) to report in respect of the following matters where: We have nothing to report in respect of these matters. ■ ■ The directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in preparation of the ﬁnancial statements is not appropriate; or The directors have not disclosed in the ﬁnancial statements any identiﬁed material uncertainties that may cast signiﬁcant doubt about the Group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the ﬁnancial statements are authorised for issue. Key audit matters Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most signiﬁcance in our audit of the ﬁnancial statements of the current period and include the most signiﬁcant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identiﬁed. These matters included those which had the greatest eﬀect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the eﬀorts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the ﬁnancial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Revenue recognition Key audit matter description The Group’s agricultural operations involve a wide range of customer delivery models, including auction and retail sales. Per IAS 18, revenue is recognised when the signiﬁcant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer. Given the complexity of the Group’s operations and the terms of business with buyers, there is a risk of inappropriate cut-oﬀ of revenue recognition around the balance sheet date. The Group’s agricultural revenue is included within Sale of Goods of £238.8m, disclosed in note 2 to the ﬁnancial statements. Further information regarding the agricultural revenue recognition policy is in the principal accounting policies disclosed in the ﬁnancial statements. How our scope of work responded to the key audit matter We have performed the following procedures in order to address the risk: – We gained an understanding of the key processes used to record revenue transactions and assessed the design and implementation of controls. – We performed detailed cut-oﬀ testing of revenue transactions during the period either side of the balance sheet date with reference to the relevant terms of business, dispatch or delivery documentation as appropriate. – We examined material journal entries that were posted to revenue accounts and obtained supporting evidence to test the appropriateness of revenue recognition. Key observations We have concluded that revenue is appropriately recognised in the correct accounting period in accordance with IAS18 Revenue. 103 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 104 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS Fair value of biological assets under IAS 41 ‘Agriculture’ Key audit matter description The group holds £6.6 million (2016: £7.2 million) of biological assets as current assets. As required by IAS 41 ‘Agriculture’, management estimates the fair value of these assets through the use of valuation models and recent transaction prices. Signiﬁcant judgement is required for key assumptions for each model, including the life-span of the plantings, yields, selling prices, costs and discount rates. The valuation is sensitive to some of the underlying assumptions. Biological assets are disclosed in note 19 to the ﬁnancial statements, the valuation is discussed as a key source of estimation uncertainty and the valuation policy is disclosed in the principal accounting policies. How our scope of work responded to the key audit matter We have performed the following procedures in order to address the risk: – We gained an understanding of key controls around the valuation of biological assets and assessed the design and implementation of controls. – For a sample of fair value models, ■ We assessed the inputs by assessing the historical accuracy of management’s forecasts and utilising third-party and market data; ■ We tested the mechanical integrity of the model. Key observations From the work performed, we are satisﬁed that the key assumptions applied in respect of the valuation of biological assets are appropriate. Impairment of factories and bearer plants Key audit matter description The Group holds £216.3 million (2016: £232.2 million) of property, plant and equipment (PP&E), which includes factories and bearer plants. Management identiﬁed gardens as cash generating units (CGUs) and performed an annual review for indicators of impairment. This considered indicators such as underutilisation, adverse weather conditions and land use rights. There is, therefore, a risk that an impairment is required but not recognised. How our scope of work responded to the key audit matter PP&E is disclosed in note 17 to the ﬁnancial statements, the valuation is discussed as source of estimation uncertainty, and the valuation policy is disclosed in the principal accounting policies. We gained an understanding of key controls around the valuation of biological assets and assessed the design and implementation of controls. We challenged management’s assessment as to whether indicators of impairment exist for factories and bearer plants with reference to disease or crop damage, sustained generation of operating losses, long term commodity price reductions, underutilised plant or warehousing, loss of key customers, long term failure of water or power supply, variation in rights to land use, signiﬁcant changes in tax or foreign exchange rates. We also challenged management’s allocation of assets to individual cash generating units. Key observations We concur with management that no impairment of factories and bearer plants is required. 104 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 105 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS Proﬁt on disposal of Duncan Lawrie businesses Key audit matter description On 19 December 2016 the Group announced that, due to lower interest rates and other factors changing the outlook for private banking, it would sell most of the Duncan Lawrie business and wind down the remainder. This process began in December 2016 and each company in the Duncan Lawrie Group prepared their accounts on a basis other than going concern. How our scope of work responded to the key audit matter The Group completed the disposals during the year and recognised a proﬁt on disposal of £20.3 million, as disclosed in note 10 of the ﬁnancial statements. Due to its materiality to the Group and the complexity of accounting and taxation arrangements, we have identiﬁed the calculation of the gain on the disposal of Duncan Lawrie Asset Management of £19.2 million as representing a key audit matter. We have performed the following procedures in order to address the risk – We gained an understanding of key controls around the accounting for the gain on disposal and assessed the design and implementation of the controls; – We agreed transactions and amounts to appropriate evidences including legal agreements, cash received, board minutes and ledger entries; – We recalculated the gain on disposal and checked the accounting for each aspect of the transaction; – We involved taxation specialists to assist us in auditing the taxation position resulting from the disposal of the Duncan Lawrie Asset Management business. In particular we assessed the reasonableness of management’s assumption that the intangible assets sold can be treated under the capital gains regime and the resultant conclusion that there is no de-grouping charge or required additional disclosure. Key observations From our work performed, we are satisﬁed that the asset disposals for the Duncan Lawrie Group have been accounted for and disclosed appropriately in the ﬁnancial statements. 105 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 106 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS Our application of materiality We deﬁne materiality as the magnitude of misstatement in the ﬁnancial statements that makes it probable that the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable person would be changed or inﬂuenced. We use materiality both in planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluating the results of our work. Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the ﬁnancial statements as a whole as follows: Materiality Basis for determining materiality Rationale for the benchmark applied Group ﬁnancial statements Parent company ﬁnancial statements £1.4 million £0.6 million 5% of proﬁt before tax from continuing operations. 2% of net assets, capped at 50% of Group materiality We have used a proﬁt based measure given the Group is listed and therefore shareholders focus on proﬁtability. The proﬁt is adjusted for the discontinued operations to avoid distortion that could otherwise arise due to non-recurring items. We have used net assets measure given that entity is a holding company, generating no revenue. We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to the Committee all audit diﬀerences in excess of £0.07 million for the Group and £0.03 million for the parent company, as well as diﬀerences below that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. We also report to the Audit Committee on disclosure matters that we identiﬁed when assessing the overall presentation of the ﬁnancial statements. An overview of the scope of our audit The Group holds agricultural operations in countries across Africa, North and South America, and Asia, with its principal crops grown in Bangladesh, India, Kenya and Malawi. The Group’s engineering, food service and discontinued banking operations are located in Europe, principally in the UK. Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including Group-wide controls, and assessing the risks of material misstatement at the Group level. Of the group’s 80 principal components, 35 were subject to a full audit and 3 were subject to speciﬁed audit procedures where the extent of our testing was based on our assessment of the risks of material misstatement and of the materiality of the Group’s operations at those locations. These 38 components represent the principal business units and account for 98% of the Group’s revenue and 91% of the Group’s proﬁt before tax and 78% of the Group’s net assets. The group engagement team worked from the group’s London oﬃce, directing and supervising the work of component auditors. Senior members of the group audit team visited the Bangladesh, India, Kenya and Malawi components during the current year to discuss the component auditors’ risk assessment, and review documentation of the ﬁndings from their work. Scope Full scope Speciﬁed audit procedures Review at group level Revenue % 88 10 2 Proﬁt before tax % 87 4 9 Net assets % 68 10 22 106 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 107 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS We have nothing to report in respect of these matters. Other information The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the ﬁnancial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the ﬁnancial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the ﬁnancial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the ﬁnancial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the ﬁnancial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. Responsibilities of directors As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the ﬁnancial statements and for being satisﬁed that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of ﬁnancial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the ﬁnancial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the ﬁnancial statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the ﬁnancial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to inﬂuence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these ﬁnancial statements. A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the ﬁnancial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 107 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 108 CAMELLIA PLC REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS Use of our report This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Report on other legal and regulatory requirements Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: ■ ■ The information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the ﬁnancial year for which the ﬁnancial statements are prepared is consistent with the ﬁnancial statements; and The strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and or the parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identiﬁed any material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report. Matters on which we are required to report by exception Adequacy of explanations received and accounting records Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion: ■ We have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or ■ ■ Adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or The parent company ﬁnancial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns. Directors’ remuneration Under the Companies Act 2006 we are also required to report if in our opinion certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration have not been made. We have nothing to report in respect of these matters. We have nothing to report in respect of this matter. Michael Williams, FCA (Senior statutory auditor) For and on behalf of Deloitte LLP Statutory Auditor London, United Kingdom 18 April 2018 108 249229 Camellia R&A pp75-end 18/04/2018 18:16 Page 109 CAMELLIA PLC FIVE YEAR RECORD 2017 £’m 2016 £’m 2015 £’m Restated 2014 £’m 2013 £’m Revenue – continuing operations 298.3 –––––––––– 257.9 –––––––––– 244.7 –––––––––– 238.9 –––––––––– 251.3 –––––––––– Proﬁt before tax Taxation 27.6 (13.8) –––––––––– 26.5 (12.4) –––––––––– 24.0 (13.2) –––––––––– 22.0 (13.7) –––––––––– 59.6 (22.1) –––––––––– Proﬁt from continuing operations 13.8 –––––––––– 14.1 –––––––––– 10.8 –––––––––– 8.3 –––––––––– 37.5 –––––––––– Proﬁt/(loss) attributable to owners of the parent 22.2 –––––––––– (10.7) –––––––––– 1.4 –––––––––– 2.8 –––––––––– 28.3 –––––––––– Equity dividends paid 3.6 –––––––––– 3.6 –––––––––– 3.5 –––––––––– 3.5 –––––––––– 3.4 –––––––––– Equity Called up share capital Reserves Total shareholders’ funds 0.3 368.1 –––––––––– 368.4 –––––––––– 0.3 330.5 –––––––––– 330.8 –––––––––– 0.3 320.6 –––––––––– 320.9 –––––––––– 0.3 321.4 –––––––––– 321.7 –––––––––– 0.3 332.2 –––––––––– 332.5 –––––––––– Earnings/(loss) per share Dividend paid per share 803.8p 132p (387.4)p 130p 50.7p 126p 102.7p 125p 1020.2p 122p 109 249229 Camellia R&A Cover Spread 17/04/2018 18:31 Page 1 CAMELLIA PLC C a m e l l i a P l c A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 1 7 Perivan Financial Print 249229 (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:26) (cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:19)

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