Capital Bancorp, Inc.
Annual Report 2019

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 OR For the Transition Period from to Commission file number 001-38671 CAPITAL BANCORP, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 2275 Research Boulevard, Suite 600, Rockville, Maryland 20850 (Address of principal executive offices) 52-2083046 (IRS Employer Identification No.) 20850 (Zip Code) (301) 468-8848 Registrant’s telephone number, including area code Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share CBNK The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ☒ ☒ ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of December 31, 2019 was $119.6 million. Emerging growth company As of March 12, 2020, the Registrant had 13,869,509 shares of common stock outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE The information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K will be found in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and such information is incorporated herein by this reference. Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on Form 10-K Index PART I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. PART II Item 5. Item 6 Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. PART III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. PART IV Item 15. SIGNATURES Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Page 5 33 53 53 54 54 55 57 64 86 89 139 139 139 140 140 140 140 140 141 143 2 CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that are subject to risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on such statements because they are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties relating to our operations and the business environment in which we operate, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business strategy, expectations, beliefs, projections, anticipated events or trends, growth prospects, financial performance, and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. These statements often include words such as “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “could,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” or “would,” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control, include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • economic conditions (including interest rate environment, government economic and monetary policies, the strength of global financial markets and inflation and deflation) that impact the financial services industry as a whole and/or our business; the concentration of our business in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas and the effect of changes in the economic, political and environmental conditions on these markets; our ability to prudently manage our growth and execute our strategy; our plans to grow our commercial real estate and commercial business loan portfolios which may carry greater risks of non-payment or other unfavorable consequences; adequacy of reserves, including our allowance for loan losses; deterioration of our asset quality; risks associated with our residential mortgage banking business; risks associated with our OpenSky® credit card division, including compliance with applicable consumer finance and fraud prevention regulations; results of examinations of us by our regulators, including the possibility that our regulators may, among other things, require us to increase our allowance for loan losses or to write-down assets; the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and our ability to remediate any future material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting; changes in the value of collateral securing our loans; our dependence on our management team and board of directors and changes in management and board composition; liquidity risks associated with our business; 3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • interest rate risk associated with our business, including sensitivity of our interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities to interest rates, and the impact to our earnings from changes in interest rates; our ability to maintain important deposit customer relationships and our reputation; operational risks associated with our business; strategic acquisitions we may undertake to achieve our goals; the sufficiency of our capital, including sources of capital and the extent to which we may be required to raise additional capital to meet our goals; fluctuations in the fair value of our investment securities that are beyond our control; potential exposure to fraud, negligence, computer theft and cyber-crime; the adequacy of our risk management framework; our dependence on our information technology and telecommunications systems and the potential for any systems failures or interruptions; our dependence upon outside third parties for the processing and handling of our records and data; our ability to adapt to technological change; our engagement in derivative transactions; volatility and direction of market interest rates; increased competition in the financial services industry, particularly from regional and national institutions; our involvement from time to time in legal proceedings, examinations and remedial actions by regulators; changes in the laws, rules, regulations, interpretations or policies relating to financial institution, accounting, tax, trade, monetary and fiscal matters; the financial soundness of other financial institutions; further government intervention in the U.S. financial system; natural disasters and adverse weather, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, and other matters beyond our control; and other factors that are discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors. As you read and consider forward-looking statements, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or in our control. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, beliefs, and expectations, if a change occurs or our beliefs, assumptions, or expectations were incorrect, our business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward- 4 looking statements. You should be aware that many factors could affect our actual financial results or results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These factors include those described under Item 1A. hereunder. You should keep in mind that any forward-looking statement made by us speaks only as of the date on which we make it. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict these events or how they may affect us. We have no duty to, and do not intend to, and disclaim any obligation to, update or revise any industry information or forward-looking statements after the date on which they are made. In light of these risks and uncertainties, you should keep in mind that any forward-looking statement made in this document or elsewhere might not reflect actual results. ITEM 1. BUSINESS PART I In this annual report, unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company” and “Capital” refer to Capital Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Capital Bank, N.A., which we sometimes refer to as “Capital Bank,” “the Bank” or “our Bank,” and Church Street Capital, LLC. “Church Street Capital” or “CSC” refer to our wholly owned subsidiary, Church Street Capital, LLC. We are Capital Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company and a Maryland corporation, operating primarily through our wholly owned subsidiary, Capital Bank, N.A., a commercial-focused community bank based in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. We serve businesses, not-for-profit associations and entrepreneurs throughout the region. Capital Bank is headquartered in Rockville, Maryland and operates a branch-lite model through five commercial bank branches, four mortgage offices, one loan production office, a limited service branch, corporate offices and operations facilities located in key markets throughout our operating area. As of December 31, 2019, we had total assets of $1.4 billion, total loans held for investment of $1.17 billion, total deposits of $1.23 billion, and total stockholders’ equity of $133.3 million. Capital Bank currently operates three divisions: Commercial Banking, Capital Bank Home Loans, and OpenSky®. Our Commercial Banking division operates in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas and focuses on providing personalized service to commercial clients throughout our area of operations. Capital Bank Home Loans and OpenSky® both leverage Capital Bank’s national banking charter to operate as national consumer business lines; Capital Bank Home Loans acts as our residential mortgage origination platform and OpenSky® provides nationwide, digitally-based, secured credit cards to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores. In addition to the three divisions of Capital Bank, Church Street Capital also operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Capital Bancorp, Inc. CSC originates and services a portfolio of mezzanine loans with certain characteristics that do not meet Capital Bank’s general underwriting standards and thereby command a higher rate of return. Until recently, CSC typically sold participation interests in these loans to third parties (including to certain of the Company’s and Bank's directors), and retained exposure of as little as 10 percent. In 2019, CSC more typically retained 100% of the exposures. In all cases CSC had retained servicing of the loans, thereby maintaining a relationship with the customer. CSC sells participations for the remainder of the balance to other real estate investors (including certain of the Company’s and the Bank’s directors) and high net worth individuals. All participations sold to directors were sold on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to unaffiliated third parties. For additional information on participations sold to our directors, please see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Loan Participations with the Bank.” At December 31, 2019, the net portfolio of retained loans for CSC amounted to approximately $3.4 million. All of these loans were originated in our operating markets in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. 5 In addition to its subsidiaries discussed above, Capital Bank, N.A. and Church Street Capital, Capital Bancorp, Inc. owns all of the stock of Capital Bancorp (MD) Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”). The Trust is a special purpose non-consolidated entity organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. 6 Commercial Banking Division As of December 31, 2019, our Commercial Banking division accounted for approximately 89.3%, or $1.3 billion, of Capital Bank’s total assets. The Commercial Banking division operates out of four full service banking locations in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Statistical Area (“MSA”) and its full service banking location of Columbia, Maryland in the Baltimore, Maryland MSA. Additionally, we have two loan production offices located throughout the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Our Commercial Banking division’s commercial loan officers and commercial real estate loan officers provide commercial and industrial, or C&I, commercial real estate and construction lending solutions to business clients in Capital Bank’s operating markets. Construction lending is a core competency of our Commercial Banking division. Construction loans have increased to $198.7 million as of December 31, 2019, compared to $157.6 million for the same period in 2018, a 26.1% increase. As a percent of total gross loans, construction loans have increased to 16.9% from 15.7% for the same period reported. Our construction loan portfolio provides Capital Bank with short duration and higher yield loans. Our construction lending is focused on commercial and residential construction projects within the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland metropolitan operating areas, with limited exposure to suburban subdivision tract development. Our construction lending team consists of long-term employees of Capital Bank who are responsible for sourcing and structuring all construction loans that are originated. In addition to its loan officers, our Commercial Banking division currently has a team of ten business development officers concentrating on continuing to diversify Capital Bank’s funding sources away from wholesale funding and towards core deposit funding by focusing on core deposits and treasury management. These business development officers, in conjunction with our recently introduced incentive program based upon core deposit capture from lending customers, have successfully reduced Capital Bank’s net non-core funding dependence ratio from 24.1% at December 31, 2014 to 13.0% at December 31, 2019. We expect that our deposit gathering teams will continue to help decrease our wholesale funding dependence through improved low-cost core funding. Capital Bank Home Loans Division Capital Bank Home Loans (formerly Church Street Mortgage) originates conventional and government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans on a national basis, for sale into the secondary market and in certain, limited circumstances for our loan portfolio. Loans sold into the secondary market are sold servicing released. Loans retained for our portfolio are generally adjustable rate mortgage loans on primary residences within Capital Bank’s operating markets to individuals who own businesses where Capital Bank may also pursue a commercial lending relationship and has a vested interest in maintaining full control of the lending relationship. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, certain loan origination data for Capital Bank Home Loans. (Dollars are in thousands) Mortgage Metrics: Loans held for sale originations Loans held for sale proceeds net of mortgage banking revenue Purchase volume as a % of originations Gross proceeds from the sale of loans Gain on sale as a % of loans sold 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Years Ended December 31, $ $ $ 593,189 540,686 $ $ 51.89% 15,955 $ 2.95% 337,122 344,940 $ $ 79.43% $ 9,477 2.75% 418,912 441,960 $ $ 52.50% 10,377 $ 2.01% 853,674 844,464 $ $ 18.79% 15,373 $ 1.82% 754,965 759,350 22.51% 11,541 1.52% 7 Historically, Capital Bank Home Loans has relied heavily on refinance origination volume as opposed to purchase origination volume. In 2018, as a result of increases in the interest rate environment, purchase origination volume exceeded refinance origination volume. However, in 2019, the interest rate environment decreased and the Company experienced a 27.5% decline in purchase origination volume year over year. Purchase origination volume was 51.9% for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to 79.4% at December 31, 2018. Approximately 67.2% of Capital Bank Home Loan loans originations by volume occur within Capital Bank’s operating markets in Maryland, Virginia and Washington, D.C. The remainder of originations are national in scope and occur primarily through a consumer direct channel utilizing consumer marketing, including through social media applications. OpenSky® Secured Credit Card Division The OpenSky® division provides secured credit cards (with a minimum initial deposit of $200 and maximum initial deposits of $3,000 per card and $5,000 per individual) on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores. In order to obtain a credit card from us, the customer must select a credit line amount that they are willing to secure with a matching deposit amount. A deposit equal to the full credit limit of the card is made, using a debit card, check, wire or Western Union transfer, into a noninterest-bearing demand account with the Bank. When the account is opened the deposit is required to be maintained throughout the life of the card. The customer’s funding of the deposit account is collateral and it is not a consideration in the credit card approval process, but is a prerequisite to activating the credit line. Credit card eligibility is based on identity and income verification. Once the customer’s deposit account has been funded, the credit line is activated and the collateral funds are generally available to absorb any losses on the account that may occur. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 11.9% of our credit card portfolio was delinquent by 30 days or more. Based on our prior experience, approximately 20% of our new secured credit cards will experience a charge-off within the first year of issuance primarily due to the relative inexperience of this under-banked population in effectively managing credit card debt. Additionally, using our proprietary scoring model, which considers credit score and repayment history (typically a minimum of six months of on-time repayments, but ultimately determined on a case-by-case basis), the Bank has recently begun to offer certain customers an unsecured line in excess of their secured line of credit. OpenSky® secured credit cards have floating interest rates, which are beneficial in a rising rate environment, and we believe the OpenSky® secured credit card product may provide a counter-cyclical benefit as more people enter its target segment of credit rebuilders during an economic downturn. At December 31, 2019, we had $0.9 million of unsecured unused lines of credit and $3.1 million of outstanding unsecured credit card advances. 8 Credit Card Loans and Deposits ($ in millions) Open Credit Card Accounts and Average Monthly Account Openings Capital Bank evaluates its OpenSky® customers using analytics that track consumer behaviors and score each customer on risk and behavior metrics. These real-time monitoring capabilities give our management insight into the credit trends of our portfolio on a consumer by consumer basis, allowing them to identify potential fraud situations and mitigate any associated losses quickly and efficiently, as well as to obtain insights into how to optimize the profitability and life cycle of each account. The model utilizes data proprietary to Capital Bank. We have invested heavily in technology and systems to prevent and detect fraudulent behavior and mitigate losses but such investments may not be adequate, and our systems may not adequately monitor or mitigate potential losses arising from these risks. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Delinquencies and credit losses from our OpenSky® credit card division could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.” OpenSky®’s cards operate on a fully digital and mobile platform with all marketing and application procedures conducted through its website or mobile application. Given the secured nature of the cards, credit checks are not required at the time of application; however, as each customer’s account ages, we obtain credit scores to baseline their improvement as an input into any decision to extend unsecured credit in the future. 9 Our Business Strategy Regulations, technology and competition have fundamentally impacted the economics of the banking sector. We believe that by using technology-enabled strategies and advice-based solutions, we can deliver attractive shareholder returns in excess of our cost of capital. We have adopted the following strategies that we believe will continue to drive growth while maintaining consistent profitability and enhancing shareholder value: Deliver premium advice-based solutions that drive organic loan and core deposit growth with corresponding net interest margin • • • • • Serve as financial partners to our customers, helping them to grow their businesses through advice-based financial solutions; Endeavor to provide comprehensive loan and deposit solutions to our customers that are tailored to their needs; Expand expertise in the non-profit, basic industries, fiduciary and community lending groups while building a greater presence in the government contracting sector; Capitalize on market dislocation from recent in-market acquisitions to continue to attract top sales talent, such as our Fiduciary Banking Team and the leader of our Business Banking group, and acquire new commercial banking relationships from local competitors; and Selectively add banking centers where sales teams have already proved an ability to capture market share and leverage customer relationships. Leverage technology to improve the customer experience and loyalty and deliver operational efficiencies • • Use solution structuring and customized technology implementation as differentiators to add value to clients with complex needs and further our relationships within our existing customer base; Deploy technologies that better support our lending associates and simplify our processes; • Maximize the potential of web-based and mobile banking applications to drive core funding while maintaining our branch-lite business model; and • Enhance cross-selling capabilities among our OpenSky®, Capital Bank Home Loans and Commercial Banking division customers. Increase scale in our consumer fee based platforms through delivery of high value products and services • • • Utilize our customer acquisition system, Apollo, and leverage our investment in a new core processing system, together with our expertise in data, analytics and marketing, to deliver new products and services and grow our secured credit card business; Retain OpenSky® customers that “graduate” from our secured credit product through the limited use of partially unsecured credit products; and Expand our purchase-oriented mortgage loan sales both in-market and in adjacent markets through the hiring of high quality mortgage originators and continuing to improve on our direct to consumer marketing channels. 10 Pursue acquisitions opportunistically • • • Seek strategic acquisitions in the Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Maryland, and surrounding metropolitan areas; Evaluate specialty finance company opportunities where we can add value through increasing interest and fee income and leveraging our management’s expertise and existing strategic assets; and Use our management’s and Board’s expertise to structure transactions that minimize the integration and execution risk for the Bank. Summary Demographic and Other Market Data According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland , Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) include the four wealthiest counties in the United States, as well as five of the 10 wealthiest counties. Overall, the Washington, D.C. MSA ranks third out of the largest 25 MSAs (ranked by population) in income levels with a current median household income of approximately $102.260 thousand, which is approximately 61.9% higher than the national average. Additionally, the Washington, D.C. MSA is currently the sixth largest MSA in the United States with a total population of more than 6.3 million people (and when combined with the Baltimore, Maryland MSA, the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas are home to a population of more than 9.1 million). We expect our strategies to benefit from the continued growth in population and high income of our market area’s residents. State Washington D.C. MSA Baltimore, Maryland MSA State of Maryland District of Columbia Counties of Operation (1) Total Population 2019 (Actual) Population Change 2010-2019 Projected Population Change 2019-2025 6,311,930 2,822,500 6,098,420 710,893 2,557,553 329,236,175 11.99% 5.25% 4.13 5.63 18.14 9.27 6.64 1.57 2.08 8.09 3.44 3.61 Median Household Income 2019 102,260 83,825 85,459 83,044 358,975 63,174 HH Income Change 2011-2019 26.90% 32.66 27.42 52.31 25.65 27.04 Unemployment Rate (Dec 2019) 2.6% 2.9 3.0 4.9 2.2 3.4 United States _______________ Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (1) Data consists of deposit-weighted average using county-level deposits. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Washington, D.C. MSA has a large and diversified economy, with an annual gross domestic product of nearly $541 billion. When combined with the Baltimore, Maryland MSA, the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas in which we operate has a combined gross domestic product of more than $746 billion, and this combined GDP has grown approximately 27% between 2010 and 2018. The Washington, D.C. MSA is a desirable market for a broad range of companies in a variety of industries, including 16 companies from the 2019 Fortune 500 list, and 7 of the United States’ largest 100 private companies, according to the 2019 Forbes list of largest private companies by revenue. The following table provides an in-depth view of the distribution of employment within the Washington, D.C. MSA. 11 Washington, D.C. MSA Employment By Sector _______________ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; Data as of December 2019 Note: Data not seasonally adjusted As the home of the federal government, the broader Washington, D.C. region benefits from consistent population growth and remains well positioned to capitalize on any increase in government spending and infrastructure. Further, as banks in our market have experienced continued consolidation over the last few years, our opportunities to attract talented employees and capitalize on customer dislocation have improved. With its strong demographic characteristics, scale and robust economic activity we believe that the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas represent a strong geographic market for us to realize our continued growth strategies within our Commercial Banking division. The Washington, D.C. area serves as a regional, national and global center for several industries, including: Government Contracting • • The Washington, D.C. metro area received $81.2 billion in government contracting awards from October 2017 to September 2018, according to data from USASpending.gov. According to the Annual Review of Government Contracting of the National Contract Management Association, Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia represent three of the top five markets in the United States for annual government contracts awarded in 2018. 12 • The Washington, D.C. MSA is home to some of the largest defense contracting companies in the world, including Lockheed Martin (Bethesda, Maryland), Leidos (Reston, Virginia), General Dynamics (Falls Church, Virginia), and Northrop Grumman (Falls Church, Virginia). Hospitality and Tourism • The Washington, D.C. MSA is home to three of the world’s largest hotel and resort chains, Marriott International, Inc. (Bethesda, Maryland), Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. (McLean, Virginia) and Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (Bethesda, Maryland). • Worldwide interest in Washington, D.C.’s monuments, museums, and diverse neighborhoods drives a strong interest in tourism in the area. According to Destination DC, the area was visited by more than 23.8 million domestic and international tourists in 2018. The high volume of tourists contributed to $7.8 billion of spending in the area in 2018, an increase of 4.3% from 2017. D.C’s total visitor volume in 2018 reached a record high and is expected to continue to increase by 2 to 4% each year through 2021. The tourism industry supports 76,522 jobs in Washington, D.C In addition to their diverse economies, we believe the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan areas provide a favorable environment for economic strength going forward. As the home of the federal government, the broader Washington, D.C. region benefits from consistent population growth and remains well positioned to capitalize on any increase in government spending and infrastructure. Further, as banks in our market have experienced continued consolidation over the last few years, our opportunities to attract talented employees and capitalize on customer dislocation have improved. There were 6 bank mergers in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland MSAs in 2019.With the shrinking number of locally headquartered community banks (seven of the top 10 banks in Washington, D.C. MSA by market share are not headquartered in the region), we believe that we have the ability to continue our historical growth by serving the middle market businesses and their owners in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland MSAs who prefer high quality service and local decision making that is unavailable at larger, out-of-market banking institutions. With its unique demographic characteristics, scale and robust economic activity, we believe that the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas are a strong geographic market in which we can realize our continued growth strategies for our Commercial Banking division. Lending Activities Overview. We maintain a diversified loan portfolio with various types of loan products and customer characteristics, and a focus on variable rate, shorter term and higher yielding products. Our lending services cover residential and commercial real estate loans, on an owner and non-owner-occupied basis, construction loans, commercial business loans. Secured credit card lines are substantially secured by a deposit at the Bank in an amount equal to the full credit limit of the credit card. Lending activities originate from the efforts of our bankers, with an emphasis on lending to individuals, professionals, small- to medium-sized businesses and commercial companies located in our market areas. 13 The following table presents the composition of our total loan portfolio, by category, as of December 31, 2019. LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION Loan Composition (Dollars in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Subtotal real estate Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total Amount Percentage of Total Loans $ $ 427,926 348,091 198,702 974,719 151,109 46,412 1,285 1,173,525 36% 30 17 83 13 4 — 100.0% Residential Real Estate Loans. We offer one-to-four family mortgage loans primarily on owner-occupied primary residences and, to a lesser extent, investor owned residences. We also offer home equity lines of credit. Our residential real estate lending products are offered primarily to customers within our geographic markets. Our owner-occupied residential real estate loans usually have fixed rates for five or seven years and adjust on an annual basis after the initial term based on a typical maturity of 30 years. Our investor residential real estate loans are based on 25-year amortization terms with a balloon payment due after five years. In general, the required minimum debt service coverage ratio is 1.15. Commercial Real Estate Loans. We offer real estate loans for commercial property that is owner-occupied as well as commercial property owned by real estate investors. Commercial loans that are secured by owner-occupied commercial real estate and primarily collateralized by operating cash flows are also included in this category of loans. As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $165.4 million of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, representing approximately 47.5% of our commercial real estate portfolio. Commercial real estate loan terms are generally extended for 10 years or less and amortize generally over 25 years or less. The interest rates on our commercial real estate loans have initial fixed rate terms that adjust typically at 5 years and we routinely charge an origination fee for our services. We generally require personal guarantees from the principal owners of the business supported by a review of the principal owners’ personal financial statements and global debt service obligations. The real estate securing our existing commercial real estate loans includes a wide variety of property types, such as owner-occupied offices, warehouses, production facilities, office buildings, mixed-use residential/commercial property, retail centers and multifamily properties. Construction Loans. Our construction loan portfolio primarily includes loans to builders for the construction of single-family homes, condominium and townhouse conversions or renovations and, to a lesser extent, loans to individual clients for construction of owner- occupied single-family homes in our market areas. Construction loans are generally made with a term of 12 to 18 months. According to our underwriting standards, the ratio of loan principal to collateral value, as established by an independent appraisal, cannot exceed 75% for investor-owned and 80% for owner-occupied properties. Loan proceeds are disbursed based on the completion of certain milestones and only after the project has been inspected by an experienced construction lender or third-party inspector. Commercial Business Loans. In addition to our other loan products, we provide general commercial loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, letters of credit and other loan products, primarily in our target markets, underwritten based on each borrower’s ability to service debt from income. We typically take as collateral a lien on general business assets including, 14 among other things, available real estate, accounts receivable, promissory notes, inventory and equipment and we generally obtain a personal guaranty from the borrower or other principal. Other than lines of credit, our commercial loans generally have fixed interest rates and five or seven year terms depending on the type and size of the loan, the financial strength of the borrower/guarantor and the age, type and value of the collateral. Credit Cards. Through our OpenSky® credit card division, we provide credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores through a fully digital and mobile platform. Substantially all of the lines of credit are secured by a noninterest bearing demand account at the Bank in an amount equal to the full credit limit of the credit card. In addition, using our proprietary scoring model, which considers credit score and repayment history (typically a minimum of six months of on-time repayments, but ultimately determined on a case-by-case basis) the Bank has recently begun to offer to qualified customers an unsecured line in excess of their secured line of credit. Other Consumer Loans. On a case by case basis we also make loans to individuals, including secured and unsecured installment and term loans, car loans and boat loans. We offer consumer loans as an accommodation to our existing customers and do not market consumer loans to consumers who do not have a pre-existing relationship with us. Credit Policies and Procedures General. We maintain asset quality through an emphasis on local market knowledge, long-term customer relationships, consistent and thorough underwriting, and a conservative credit culture. Our lending policies do not provide for any loans that are highly speculative, subprime or that have high loan-to-value ratios. These components, together with active credit management, are the foundation of our credit culture. We have a service-driven, relationship-based, business-focused credit culture, rather than a price-driven, transaction-based culture. Substantially all of our commercial loans are made to borrowers located or operating in our primary market areas with whom we have ongoing relationships across various product lines. We have a limited number of loans secured by properties located in out-of-market areas. Credit Concentrations. We actively manage the composition of our loan portfolio, including credit concentrations. Our loan approval policies establish concentration limits with respect to loan product types to enhance portfolio diversification. The Bank’s concentration management program couples quantitative data with a qualitative approach to provide an in-depth understanding of its loan portfolio concentrations. The Bank’s routine commercial real estate portfolio analysis includes concentration trends by portfolio product type, overall commercial real estate growth trends, pool correlations, risk rating trends, policy and/or underwriting exceptions, non-performing trends, stress testing, market and submarket analysis and changing economic conditions. The portfolio concentration limits set forth in the Bank’s Credit Underwriting Guidelines are reviewed and approved by the Loan Committee of the Bank’s board of directors at least annually and are based on risk profile, strategic portfolio diversification goals, quality of the portfolio segment, overall budgeted growth goals and comparisons to our peers. Concentration levels are monitored by management and reported to the Bank’s board of directors monthly. Loan Approval Process. As of December 31, 2019, the Bank had a legal lending limit of approximately $19.3 million for loans secured without readily marketable collateral, and its “in-house” lending limit was $15.0 million for the same period. The Bank’s lending activities are governed by written underwriting policies and procedures that have been approved by the Loan Committee of the Bank’s board of directors. The policies provide several levels of delegated lending authority to the Management Loan Committee, the Credit Loan Committee, senior management and loan officers of the Bank. The lending authority hierarchy varies depending on loan amount, collateral type and total borrower exposure. A multi-tiered group level approach based on experience, capability and management position dictates lending authorities for senior management and loan officers. 15 We conduct weekly loan meetings, attended by substantially all of our loan officers, related loan production staff and credit administration staff at which asset quality and delinquencies are reviewed. Our evaluation and compensation program for our loan officers includes significant goals, such as the percentages of past due loans and charge-offs to total loans in the loan officer’s portfolio. We believe this program motivates loan officers to focus on the origination and maintenance of high quality credits consistent with our strategic focus on asset quality. It is our policy to discuss each loan that has one or more past due payment at our weekly meetings with all lending personnel. Our policies require rapid notification of delinquency and prompt initiation of collection actions. Loan officers, credit administration personnel and senior management proactively support collection activities. In accordance with our procedures, we perform annual asset reviews of our loan exposures in excess of $100,000. As part of these asset review procedures, we analyze recent financial statements of the property, borrower and any guarantor to determine the current level of occupancy, revenues and expenses and to investigate any deterioration in the value of the real estate collateral or in the borrower’s and any guarantor’s financial condition. Upon completion, we update the grade assigned to each loan. Loan officers are encouraged to bring potential credit issues to the attention of credit administration personnel. We maintain a list of loans that receive additional attention if we believe there may be a potential credit risk. Loans in excess of $250,000 that are downgraded or classified undergo a quarterly review by the Special Asset Committee of the Bank’s board of directors. This review includes an evaluation of market conditions, the property’s trends, the borrower and guarantor status, the level of reserves required and loan accrual status. Additionally, we periodically have an independent, third-party review performed on our loan grades and our credit administration functions. Finally, we perform an annual stress test of our loan portfolio during which we evaluate the impact of declining economic conditions on the portfolio based on previous recessionary periods. Management reviews these reports and presents them to the Loan Committee of the Bank’s board of directors. These asset review procedures provide management with additional information for assessing our asset quality. In addition,we perform frequent evaluations and regular monitoring of business and personal loans that are not secured by real estate. Deposits Our deposits serve as the primary funding source for lending, investing and other general banking purposes. We provide a full range of deposit products and services, including a variety of checking and savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, debit cards, remote deposit capture, online banking, mobile banking, e-Statements, bank-by-mail and direct deposit services. We also offer business accounts and cash management services, including business checking and savings accounts, and treasury management services. We solicit deposits through our relationship-driven team of dedicated and accessible bankers and through community-focused marketing. We also selectively seek to cross-sell deposit products at loan origination. We supplement our retail deposits with wholesale funding sources such as deposit listing services, CDARS and brokered deposits. We actively market our certificate of deposit products and rely primarily on competitive pricing policies to attract and retain these deposits. Our credit card customers are also a significant source of deposits. Residential Mortgage Origination We originate residential mortgages for sale on the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loans, the mortgage division of our Bank. We have developed a scalable platform for mortgage originations within this division and believe that we have significant opportunities to grow the business. We sell substantially all mortgage loans we originate with servicing released to various investors in the secondary market. As a result of recent changes in the interest rate environment, our mortgage division is currently undergoing a transition from being heavily weighted toward refinance volume to being more weighted toward purchase volume and niche products with relatively higher margins. As part of this effort, we have established our 16 Community Lending Group, which focuses on first-time home buyers, and our Renovation Group, which focuses on originating renovation focused loans, within the division, as well as hiring several new originators focused primarily on purchase originations. At December 31, 2019, we had a dedicated team of 40 mortgage loan officers to service this line of business. Investments We manage our securities portfolio and cash to maintain adequate liquidity and to ensure the safety and preservation of invested principal, with a secondary focus on yield and returns. Specific goals of our investment portfolio are as follows: • • • to provide a ready source of balance sheet liquidity, ensuring adequate availability of funds to meet fluctuations in loan demand, deposit balances and other changes in balance sheet volumes and composition; to serve as a means for diversification of our assets with respect to credit quality, maturity and other attributes; and to serve as a tool for modifying our interest rate risk profile pursuant to our established policies. Our investment portfolio is comprised primarily of U.S. government agency securities, high quality corporate debt, mortgage-backed securities backed by government-sponsored entities and equity securities. Our investment policy is reviewed annually by our Asset/Liability Management Committee, or ALCO, and subsequently ratified by our board of directors. Overall investment goals are established by our board, CEO, CFO and members of our ALCO. Our board of directors has delegated the responsibility of monitoring our investment activities to our ALCO. Day-to-day activities pertaining to the securities portfolio are conducted under the supervision of our CFO. We actively monitor our investments on an ongoing basis to identify any material changes in our mix of securities. We also review our securities for potential impairment (other than temporary impairments) at least quarterly. Competition The banking and financial services industry is highly competitive, and we compete with a wide range of financial institutions within our markets, including local, regional and national commercial banks and credit unions. We also compete with mortgage companies, brokerage firms, consumer finance companies, mutual funds, securities firms, insurance companies, credit card companies, third-party payment processors, financial technology, or fintech, companies and other financial intermediaries for certain of our products and services. Some of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions and level of regulatory supervision applicable to us. Interest rates on loans and deposits, as well as prices on fee-based services, are typically significant competitive factors within the banking and financial services industry. Many of our competitors are much larger financial institutions that have greater financial resources than we do and compete aggressively for market share. These competitors attempt to gain market share through their financial product mix, pricing strategies and banking center locations. Other important competitive factors in our industry and markets include office locations and hours, quality of customer service, community reputation, continuity of personnel and services, capacity and willingness to extend credit, and ability to offer sophisticated banking products and services. While we seek to remain competitive with respect to fees charged, interest rates and pricing, we believe that our broad and sophisticated commercial banking product suite, our high quality customer service culture, our positive reputation and long-standing community relationships will enable us to compete successfully within our markets and enhance our ability to attract and retain customers. 17 Our Employees As of December 31, 2019, we employed 230 full-time equivalent persons. None of our employees are represented by any collective bargaining unit or are parties to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relations with our employees to be good. Available Information The Company provides access to its SEC filings through its web site at www.capitalbankmd.com. After accessing the web site, the filings are available upon selecting “Investor Relations.” Reports available include the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Further, the SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The information on, or accessible through, our website or any other website cited in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be relied upon in determining whether to make an investment decision. General SUPERVISION AND REGULATION We are extensively regulated under both federal and state law. These laws restrict permissible activities and investments and require compliance with various consumer protection provisions applicable to lending, deposit, brokerage, and fiduciary activities. They also impose capital adequacy requirements and conditions on a bank holding company’s, or BHC, ability to repurchase stock or to receive dividends from its subsidiary banks. We are subject to comprehensive examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve, and the Bank is subject to comprehensive examination and supervision by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or the OCC. We are required to file with the Federal Reserve quarterly and annual reports and such additional information as the Federal Reserve may require pursuant to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or the BHC Act. The Federal Reserve may conduct examinations of BHCs and their subsidiaries. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the FDIC, through the Deposit Insurance Fund, or DIF. As a result of this deposit insurance function, the FDIC also has certain supervisory authority and powers over the Bank as well as all other FDIC insured institutions. The Company’s and the Bank’s regulators generally have broad discretion to impose restrictions and limitations on our operations. Bank regulation is intended to protect depositors and consumers and not shareholders. This supervisory framework could materially impact the conduct and profitability of our activities. To the extent that the following information describes statutory and regulatory provisions, it is qualified in its entirety by reference to the text of the particular statutory and regulatory provisions. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the banking industry are frequently raised at both the state and federal levels. The likelihood and timing of any changes in these laws and regulations, and the impact such changes may have on us, are difficult to ascertain. A change in applicable laws and regulations, or in the manner such laws or regulations are interpreted by regulatory agencies or courts, may have a material effect on our business, operations, and earnings. Regulation of Capital Bancorp, Inc. We are registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and are subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve. The BHC Act requires us to secure the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before we own or control, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of the voting shares or substantially all of the assets of any bank or thrift, or merge or consolidate with another bank or thrift holding company. Further, under the BHC Act, our activities and those of any nonbank subsidiary are limited to: (i) those activities that the Federal 18 Reserve determines to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto, and (ii) investments in companies not engaged in activities closely related to banking, subject to quantitative limitations on the value of such investments. Prior approval of the Federal Reserve may be required before engaging in certain activities. In making such determinations, the Federal Reserve is required to weigh the expected benefits to the public, such as greater convenience, increased competition, and gains in efficiency, against the possible adverse effects, such as undue concentration of resources, decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest, and unsound banking practices. Subject to various exceptions, the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act, together with related regulations, require Federal Reserve approval prior to any person or company acquiring “control” of a BHC. Control is conclusively presumed to exist if an individual or company acquires 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the BHC, and a rebuttable presumption arises if a person or company acquires 10% or more, but less than 25%, of any class of voting securities and either: (i) the BHC has registered securities under Section 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act; or (ii) no other person owns a greater percentage of that class of voting securities immediately after the transaction. As a policy matter, the Federal Reserve expects a company that proposes to acquire more than 7.5% but less than 25% of a class of voting securities to consult with the agency. The Federal Reserve Board may require the company to enter into passivity and, if other companies are making similar investments, anti-association commitments. The BHC Act was substantially amended by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, or the GLBA, which, among other things, permits a “financial holding company” to engage in a broader range of non-banking activities, and to engage on less restrictive terms in certain activities than were previously permitted. These expanded activities include securities underwriting and dealing, insurance underwriting and sales, and merchant banking activities. To become a financial holding company, a BHC must certify that it and all depository institutions that it controls are both “well capitalized” and “well managed” (as defined by federal law), and that all subsidiary depository institutions have at least a “satisfactory” CRA rating. At this time, we have not elected to become a financial holding company, nor do we expect to make such an election in the foreseeable future. There are a number of restrictions imposed on us by law and regulatory policy that are designed to minimize potential loss to depositors and to the DIF in the event that a subsidiary depository institution should become insolvent. For example, federal law requires a BHC to serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary depository institutions and to commit resources to support such institutions in circumstances where it might not do so in the absence of the rule. The Federal Reserve also has the authority under the BHC Act to require a BHC to terminate any activity or to relinquish control of a non-bank subsidiary upon the Federal Reserve’s determination that such activity or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness and stability of any bank subsidiary of the BHC. Any capital loan by a BHC to a subsidiary depository institution is subordinate in right of payment to deposits and certain other indebtedness of the institution. In addition, in the event of the BHC’s bankruptcy, any commitment made by the BHC to a federal banking regulatory agency to maintain the capital of its subsidiary depository institution(s) will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment. The Federal Deposit Insurance Act, or FDIA, provides that, in the event of the “liquidation or other resolution” of an insured depository institution, the claims of depositors of the institution (including the claims of the FDIC as a subrogee of insured depositors) and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as a receiver will have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution. If an insured depository institution fails, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, will have priority in payment ahead of unsecured, non-deposit creditors, including the institution’s holding company, with respect to any extensions of credit they have made to such insured depository institution. 19 Regulation of Capital Bank The operations and investments of our Bank are subject to the supervision, examination, and reporting requirements of the National Bank Act and the regulations of the OCC as well as other federal banking statutes and regulations, including with respect to the level of reserves that our Bank must maintain against deposits, restrictions on the types, amount, and terms and conditions of loans it may originate, and limits on the types of other activities in which our Bank may engage and the investments that it may make. The OCC also has the power to prevent the continuance or development of unsafe or unsound banking practices and other violations of law. Because our Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC to the maximum extent provided by law, it is also subject to certain FDIC regulations, and the FDIC has backup examination authority and some enforcement powers over our Bank. If, as a result of an examination of our Bank, the regulators should determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of the Bank’s operations are unsatisfactory or that the Bank or our management is violating or has violated any law or regulation, various remedies are available to the regulators. Such remedies include the power to enjoin unsafe or unsound practices, require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, direct an increase in capital, to restrict growth, assess civil monetary penalties and remove officers and directors. The regulators also may request the FDIC to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance. Regulatory Relief Act On May 24, 2018, President Trump signed into law the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the “Regulatory Relief Act”), which amends parts of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) as well as other laws that involve regulation of the financial industry. While the Regulatory Relief Act keeps in place fundamental aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act’s regulatory framework, it does make regulatory changes that are favorable to depository institutions with assets under $10 billion, such as the Bank and to BHCs with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, such as the Company. The Regulatory Relief Act also makes changes to consumer mortgage and credit reporting regulations and to the authorities of the agencies that regulate the financial industry. Certain provisions of the Regulatory Relief Act favorable to the Company and the Bank require the federal banking agencies to either promulgate regulations or amend existing regulations, and it will likely take some time for these agencies to implement the necessary regulations. Provisions That Are Favorable to Community Banks. There are several provisions in the Regulatory Relief Act that will have a favorable impact on community banks such as the Bank. These are briefly referenced below. Increase in Small BHC Policy Threshold. The Regulatory Relief Act directs the Federal Reserve to increase the asset threshold for qualifying for the Federal Reserve’s “Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement” (the “Policy”), from $1 billion to $3 billion. The Federal Reserve’s revisions to the Policy took effect on August 30, 2018. Small BHCs or SLHCs are excluded from the Policy if they are engaged in significant non-banking activities, engaged in significant off-balance sheet activities, or have a material amount of debt or equity registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Federal Reserve also retains the authority to exclude any BHC or SLHC from the Policy if such action is warranted for supervisory purposes. The Policy allows covered BHCs to operate with higher levels of debt than would normally be permitted, subject to certain restrictions on dividends and the expectation that the BHC will reduce its reliance on debt over time. Also, BHCs that are subject to the Policy are exempt from the Federal Reserve’s consolidated risk-based and leverage capital rules implementing Basel III and are instead subject to the capital requirements that had been in place before the U.S. implementation of the Basel III standards, which are generally less onerous. BHCs subject to the Policy also have less extensive regulatory reporting requirements than larger organizations filing. Management believes the Corporation meets the conditions of the Federal Reserve’s Policy and is therefore excluded from consolidated capital requirements at December 31, 2019; however the Bank remains subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. 20 Increase in Asset Threshold for Requirement to Establish a Risk Committee. The Regulatory Relief Act raises the asset threshold for the requirement that a publicly-traded BHC establish a risk committee from $10 billion to $50 billion or more in total consolidated assets. Increase in Asset Threshold for Qualifying for an 18-Month Examination Cycle. The Regulatory Relief Act increases the asset threshold for institutions qualifying for an 18-month on-site examination cycle from $1 billion to $3 billion in total consolidated assets. Short Form Call Reports. The Regulatory Relief Act requires the federal banking agencies to promulgate regulations allowing an insured depository institution with less than $5 billion in total consolidated assets (and that satisfies such other criteria as determined to be appropriate by the agencies) to submit a short-form call report for its first and third quarters. Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders We are subject to federal laws, such as Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act (the “FRA”) that limit the size, number and terms of transactions that depository institutions may engage in with their affiliates. Under these provisions, covered transactions by a bank with nonbank affiliates (such as loans to or investments in an affiliate by the bank) must be on arms-length terms and generally be limited to 10% of the bank’s capital and surplus for all covered transactions with any one affiliate, and 20% of capital and surplus for all covered transactions with all affiliates. Any extensions of credit to affiliates, with limited exceptions, must be secured by eligible collateral in specified amounts. Banks are also prohibited from purchasing any “low quality” assets from an affiliate. The Dodd-Frank Act generally enhanced the restrictions on transactions with affiliates under Section 23A and 23B of the FRA, including an expansion of the definition of “covered transactions” to include derivatives transactions, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending or borrowing transactions and an increase in the period of time during which collateral requirements regarding covered credit transactions must be satisfied. The Federal Reserve has promulgated Regulation W, which codifies prior interpretations under Sections 23A and 23B of the FRA and provides interpretive guidance with respect to affiliate transactions. Affiliates of a bank include, among other entities, a bank’s BHC parent and companies that are under common control with the bank. We are considered to be an affiliate of the Bank. We are also subject to restrictions on extensions of credit to our executive officers, directors, shareholders who own more than 10% of our Common Stock, and their related interests. These extensions of credit must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with third parties, and must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. Loans to such persons and certain affiliated entities of any of the foregoing, may not exceed, together with all other outstanding loans to such person and affiliated entities, together with all other outstanding loans to such person and affiliated entities, the institution’s loans-to-one-borrower limit. Federal regulations also prohibit loans above amounts prescribed by the appropriate federal banking agency to directors, executive officers, and shareholders who own more than 10% of an institution, and their respective affiliates, unless such loans are approved in advance by a majority of the board of directors of the institution. Any “interested” director may not participate in the voting. The proscribed loan amount, which includes all other outstanding loans to such person, as to which such prior board of director approval is required, is the greater of $25,000 or 5% of capital and surplus up to $500,000. Furthermore, we are prohibited from engaging in asset purchases or sales transactions with our officers, directors, or principal shareowners unless the transaction is on market terms and, if the transaction represents greater than 10% of the capital and surplus of the bank, a majority of the bank’s disinterested directors has approved the transaction. Indemnification payments to any director, officer or employee of either a bank or a BHC are subject to certain constraints imposed by the FDIC. 21 Incentive Compensation Federal banking agencies have issued guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The guidance, which covers all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization, is based upon the key principles that a banking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that appropriately balance risk and rewards in a manner that does not encourage imprudent risk-taking, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization’s board of directors. In accordance with the Dodd-Frank Act, the federal banking agencies prohibit incentive-based compensation arrangements that encourage inappropriate risk taking by covered financial institutions (generally institutions that have over $1 billion in assets) and are deemed to be excessive, or that may lead to material losses. The Federal Reserve will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as the Company, that are not “large, complex banking organizations.” These reviews will be tailored to each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. The findings of the supervisory initiatives will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization’s ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. Enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization’s safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies. The scope and content of the U.S. banking regulators’ policies on executive compensation may continue to evolve in the future. It presently cannot be determined whether compliance with such policies will adversely affect the Company’s ability to hire, retain and motivate its key employees. Deposit Insurance Our deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the DIF of the FDIC. The DIF is the successor to the Bank Insurance Fund and the Savings Association Insurance Fund, which were merged in 2006. Deposit insurance is mandatory. We are required to pay assessments to the FDIC on a quarterly basis. The assessment amount is the product of multiplying the assessment base by the assessment amount. The assessment base against which the assessment rate is applied to determine the total assessment due for a given period is the depository institution’s average total consolidated assets during the assessment period less average tangible equity during that assessment period. Tangible equity is defined in the assessment rule as Tier 1 Capital and is calculated monthly, unless the insured depository institution has less than $1 billion in assets, in which case the insured depository institution calculates Tier 1 Capital on an end-of-quarter basis. Parents or holding companies of other insured depository institutions are required to report separately from their subsidiary depository institutions. The FDIC’s methodology for setting assessments for individual banks has changed over time, although the broad policy is that lower-risk institutions should pay lower assessments than higher-risk institutions. The FDIC now uses a methodology, known as the “financial ratios method,” that began to apply on July 1, 2016, in order to meet requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. The statute established a minimum designated reserve ratio (the “DRR”) for the DIF of 1.35% of the estimated insured deposits and required the FDIC to adopt a restoration plan should the reserve ratio fall below 1.35%. The financial ratios took effect when the DRR exceeded 1.15%. The FDIC declared that the DIF reserve ratio exceeded 1.15% by the end of the second quarter of 2016. Accordingly, beginning July 1, 2016, the FDIC began to use the financial ratios method. This methodology assigns a specific assessment rate to each institution based on the institution’s leverage capital, supervisory ratings, and information from the institution’s call report. Under this 22 methodology, the assessment rate schedules used to determine assessments due from insured depository institutions become progressively lower when the reserve ratio in the DIF exceeds 2% and 2.5%. The Dodd-Frank Act also raised the limit for federal deposit insurance to $250,000 for most deposit accounts and increased the cash limit of Securities Investor Protection Corporation protection from $100,000 to $250,000. The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments. A significant increase in insurance assessments would likely have an adverse effect on our operating expenses and results of operations. We cannot predict what insurance assessment rates will be in the future. Furthermore, deposit insurance may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an insured depository institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order, or condition imposed by the FDIC. Dividends Capital Bancorp, Inc. is a legal entity separate and distinct from Capital Bank. Our ability to pay dividends and make other distributions depends in part upon the receipt of dividends from the Bank and is limited by federal and state law. The specific limits depend upon a number of factors, including the bank’s recent earnings, recent dividends, level of capital, and regulatory status. The regulators are authorized, and under certain circumstances are required, to determine that the payment of dividends or other distributions by a bank would be an unsafe or unsound practice and to prohibit that payment. For example, the FDIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distribution (including payment of a dividend) or paying any management fee to its parent holding company if the depository institution would thereafter be undercapitalized. Failure to satisfy the capital conservation buffer requirement may also result in limits on our ability to pay dividends. See “—Capital Adequacy Guidelines.” A national bank generally may not withdraw, either in the form of a dividend or otherwise, any portion of its permanent capital and may not declare a dividend in excess of its retained net profits. Further, dividends that may be paid by a national bank without the express approval of the OCC are limited to an amount equal to the bank’s retained net profits for the preceding two calendar years plus retained net profits up to the date of any dividend declaration in the current calendar year. Retained net profits, as defined by the OCC, consist of net income, less dividends declared during the period. Dividend payments by the Bank in the future will require the generation of net income and could require regulatory approval if any proposed dividends are in excess of prescribed guidelines. Capital Adequacy Guidelines In December 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision released its final framework for strengthening international capital and liquidity regulation, or Basel III. Basel III requires banks to maintain a higher level of capital than previously required, with a greater emphasis on common equity. The Dodd-Frank Act imposed generally applicable capital requirements with respect to BHCs and their bank subsidiaries and mandated that the federal banking regulatory agencies adopt rules and regulations to implement the Basel III requirements. In July 2013, the federal banking agencies adopted a final rule, or the Basel III Final Rule, implementing these standards. Under the Basel III Final Rule, trust preferred securities are excluded from Tier I capital unless such securities were issued prior to May 19, 2010 by a BHC with less than $15 billion in assets, subject to certain limits. The Dodd-Frank Act additionally provides for countercyclical capital requirements so that the required amount of capital increases in times of economic expansion and decreases in times of economic contraction, consistent with safety and soundness. Under the Basel III Final Rule, which implements this concept, banks must maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional common equity Tier 1 capital equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above each of the required minimum capital levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying certain 23 discretionary bonuses. This new capital conservation buffer requirement began to be phased in beginning in January 2016 at 0.625% of risk- weighted assets and increased by this amount each year until it became fully implemented at 2.5% in January 2019. For purposes of calculating risk-weighted assets, the Basel III Final Rule is designed to make regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banks, to account for off-balance sheet exposures, and to minimize disincentives for holding liquid assets. Under this rule, assets and off-balance sheet items are assigned to broad risk categories, each with appropriate weights. The resulting capital ratios represent capital as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets, which reflect on- and off-balance sheet items. For this purpose, certain off-balance sheet items are assigned certain credit conversion factors to convert them to asset-equivalent amounts to which an appropriate risk-weighting will apply. Those computations result in the total risk-weighted assets. Most loans are assigned to the 100% risk category, except for performing first mortgage loans fully secured by residential property, which carry a 50% risk weighting. Most investment securities (including, primarily, general obligation claims of states or other political subdivisions of the United States) are assigned to the 20% category. Exceptions include municipal or state revenue bonds, which have a 50% risk weighting, and direct obligations of the United States Treasury or obligations backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government, which have a 0% risk weighting. In converting off-balance sheet items, direct credit substitutes, including general guarantees and standby letters of credit backing financial obligations, are assigned a 100% credit conversion factor. Transaction-related contingencies such as bid bonds, standby letters of credit backing non-financial obligations, and undrawn commitments (including commercial credit lines with an initial maturity of more than one year) are assigned a 50% credit conversion factor. Short-term commercial letters of credit are assigned a 20% credit conversion factor, and certain short-term unconditionally cancelable commitments are assigned a 0% credit conversion factor. Minimum capital standards under the Basel III Final Rule for banks of our size took effect on January 1, 2015 with a phase-in period that generally extended through January 1, 2019 for certain of the changes. As discussed under “—Prompt Corrective Action,” depository institutions and depository holding companies with less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, such as the Company and the Bank, will be deemed to satisfy both the leverage and risk-based capital requirements, provided they satisfy a new “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” required to be promulgated by the Federal Banking agencies. Under the Basel III Final Rule, the minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets (including certain off-balance sheet activities, such as standby letters of credit) is 8%. While there was previously no required ratio of “Common Equity Tier 1 Capital” (“CET1”) (which generally consists of common stock, retained earnings, certain qualifying capital instruments issued by consolidated subsidiaries, and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, subject to certain adjustments and deductions for items such as goodwill, other intangible assets, reciprocal holdings of other banking organizations’ capital instruments, investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and any other deductions as determined by the appropriate regulator) to risk-weighted assets, a required minimum ratio of 4.5% became effective on January 1, 2015 as well. The required ratio of “Tier 1 Capital” (consisting generally of CET1 and qualifying preferred stock) to risk-weighted assets is 6%. The remainder of total capital, or Tier 2 Capital, may consist of (a) the allowance for loan losses of up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets, (b) preferred stock not qualifying as Tier 1 Capital, (c) hybrid capital instruments, (d) perpetual debt, (e) mandatory convertible securities, and (f) certain subordinated debt and intermediate-term preferred stock up to 50% of Tier 1 Capital. Total Capital is the sum of Tier 1 Capital and Tier 2 Capital. As of January 1, 2019, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%, a minimum CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio of 7%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 8.5% and a minimum total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 10.5%. 24 The Basel III Final Rule also includes minimum leverage ratio requirements for banking organizations, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 Capital to adjusted average consolidated assets. Prior to the effective date of the Basel III Final Rule, banks and BHCs meeting certain specified criteria, including having the highest regulatory rating and not experiencing significant growth or expansion, were permitted to maintain a minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 Capital to adjusted average quarterly assets equal to 3%. Other banks and BHCs generally were required to maintain a minimum leverage ratio between 4% and 5%. Under the Basel III Final Rule, as of January 1, 2015, the required minimum leverage ratio for all banks is 4%. As an additional means of identifying problems in the financial management of depository institutions, the federal banking regulatory agencies have established certain non-capital safety and soundness standards for institutions for which they are the primary federal regulator. The standards relate generally to operations and management, asset quality, interest rate exposure, and executive compensation. The agencies are authorized to take action against institutions that fail to meet such standards. The requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act are still in the process of being implemented over time and most will be subject to regulations implemented over the course of several years. In addition, the Regulatory Relief Act modifies several provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act, but are subject to implementing regulations. Given the uncertainty associated with the way the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and the Regulatory Relief Act will be implemented by the various regulatory agencies and through regulations, the full extent of the impact such requirements will have on our operations is unclear. On September 27, 2017, the federal banking agencies proposed a rule intended to reduce the regulatory compliance burden, particularly on community banking organizations, by simplifying several requirements in the Basel III-based capital rules. Specifically, the proposed rule simplifies the capital treatment for certain acquisition, development, and construction loans, mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital instruments of unconsolidated financial institutions, and minority interest. In 2017, the federal banking agencies adopted an extension of the transition period for application of the Basel III- based capital rules to certain investments, effectively freezing the capital treatment of affected investments until the changes proposed in the September 2017 proposal are finalized and effective. In addition, the Regulatory Relief Bill addressed the capital treatment of certain acquisition, development and construction loans. See “—Commercial Real Estate Construction Guidelines.” In December 2017, the Basel Committee published standards that it described as the finalization of the Basel III post-crisis regulatory reforms, which standards are commonly referred to as Basel IV. Among other things, these standards revise the Basel Committee’s standardized approach for credit risk (including the recalibration of the risk weights and the introduction of new capital requirements for certain “unconditionally cancellable commitments,” such as unused credit card lines of credit) and provides a new standardized approach for operational risk capital. Under the Basel framework, these standards will generally be effective on January 1, 2022, with an aggregate output floor phasing in through January 1, 2027. Under the current U.S. capital rules, operational risk capital requirements and a capital floor apply only to advanced approaches institutions, and not to the Bank. The impact of Basel IV on us will depend on how it is implemented by the federal bank regulators. Commercial Real Estate Concentration Guidelines In December 2006, the federal banking regulators issued guidance entitled “Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices” to address increased concentrations in commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans. In addition, in December 2015, the federal bank agencies issued additional guidance entitled “Statement on Prudent Risk Management for Commercial Real Estate Lending.” Together, these guidelines describe the criteria the agencies will use as indicators to identify institutions potentially exposed to CRE concentration risk. An institution that has (i) experienced rapid growth in CRE lending, (ii) notable exposure to a specific type of CRE, (iii) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land representing 100% or more of the institution’s capital, or (iv) total non- owner-occupied CRE (including construction) loans representing 300% or more of the institution’s capital, and the 25 outstanding balance of the institutions CRE portfolio has increased by 50% or more in the prior 36 months, may be identified for further supervisory analysis of the level and nature of its CRE concentration risk. At December 31, 2019, the Bank’s construction to total risk based capital ratio was 147.7%, its total non-owner occupied commercial real estate (including construction) to total capital ratio was 341.6% and therefore exceeded the 100% and 300% regulatory guideline thresholds set forth in clauses (iii) and (iv) above. As a result, we are deemed to have a concentration in commercial real estate lending under applicable regulatory guidelines. Currently, loans categorized as “high-volatility commercial real estate” loans (“HVCRE loans”), are required to be assigned a 150% risk weighting, and require additional capital support. HVCRE loans are defined to include any credit facility that finances or has financed the acquisition, development or construction of real property, unless it finances: 1-4 family residential properties; certain community development investments; agricultural land used or usable for, and whose value is based on, agricultural use; or commercial real estate projects in which: (i) the loan to value is less than the applicable maximum supervisory loan to value ratio established by the bank regulatory agencies; (ii) the borrower has contributed cash or unencumbered readily marketable assets, or has paid development expenses out of pocket, equal to at least 15% of the appraised “as completed” value; (iii) the borrower contributes its 15% before the bank advances any funds; and (iv) the capital contributed by the borrower, and any funds internally generated by the project, is contractually required to remain in the project until the facility is converted to permanent financing, sold or paid in full. The Regulatory Relief Act prohibits federal banking agencies from assigning heightened risk weights to HVCRE exposures, unless the exposures are classified as HVCRE acquisition, development and construction loans. The Federal banking agencies issued a proposal in September 2017 to simplify the treatment of HVCRE and to create a new category of commercial real estate loans called “high-volatility acquisition, development or construction” (“HVADC”) with a lower risk weight of 130%. A significant difference between the Regulatory Relief Act and the agencies’ HVADC proposal arises from the Regulatory Relief Act’s preservation of the exemption for projects where the borrower has contributed at least 15% of the real property’s appraised “as completed” value. Prompt Corrective Action In addition to the required minimum capital levels described above, federal law establishes a system of “prompt corrective actions” that federal banking agencies are required to take, and certain actions that they have discretion to take, based upon the capital category into which a federally regulated depository institution falls. Regulations set forth detailed procedures and criteria for implementing prompt corrective action in the case of any institution which is not adequately capitalized. Under the prompt corrective action rules, an institution is deemed “well capitalized” if its leverage ratio, Common Equity Tier 1 ratio, Tier 1 Capital ratio, and Total Capital ratio meet or exceed 5%, 6.5%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. An institution is deemed to be “adequately capitalized” or better if its leverage, Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and Total Capital ratios meet or exceed the minimum federal regulatory capital requirements set forth in the Basel III Final Rule. An institution is “undercapitalized” if it fails to meet the minimum capital requirements. An institution is “significantly undercapitalized” if any one of its leverage, Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and Total Capital ratios falls below 3%, 3%, 4%, and 6%, respectively, and “critically undercapitalized” if the institution has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2%. The Regulatory Relief Act requires the federal banking agencies to promulgate a rule establishing a new “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” of 8% to 10% for depository institutions and depository institution holding companies, including banks and BHCs, with less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, such as the Company and the Bank. If such a depository institution or holding company maintains tangible equity in excess of this leverage ratio, it would be deemed in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements: (1) the leverage and risk-based capital requirements promulgated by the federal banking agencies; (2) in the case of a depository institution, the capital ratio requirements to be considered “well 26 capitalized” under the federal banking agencies’ “prompt corrective action” regime; and (3) any other capital or leverage requirements to which the depository institution or holding company is subject, in each case, unless the appropriate federal banking agency determines otherwise based on the particular institution’s risk profile. The prompt corrective action rules require an undercapitalized institution to file a written capital restoration plan, along with a performance guaranty by its holding company or a third party. In addition, an undercapitalized institution becomes subject to certain automatic restrictions, including a prohibition on payment of dividends and a limitation on asset growth and expansion in certain cases, a limitation on the payment of bonuses or raises to senior executive officers, and a prohibition on the payment of certain “management fees” to any “controlling person.” Institutions that are classified as undercapitalized are also subject to certain additional supervisory actions, including increased reporting burdens and regulatory monitoring; limitations on the institution’s ability to make acquisitions, open new branch offices or engage in new lines of business; obligations to raise additional capital; restrictions on transactions with affiliates; and restrictions on interest rates paid by the institution on deposits. In certain cases, banking regulatory agencies may require replacement of senior executive officers or directors, or sale of the institution to a willing purchaser. If an institution is deemed to be “critically undercapitalized” and continues in that category for 90 days, the statute requires, with certain narrowly limited exceptions, that the institution be placed in receivership. An insured depository institution’s capital level may have consequences outside the prompt corrective action regime. For example, only well-capitalized institutions may accept brokered deposits without restrictions on rates, while adequately capitalized institutions must seek a waiver from the FDIC to accept such deposits and are subject to rate restrictions. Well-capitalized institutions may be eligible for expedited treatment of certain applications, an advantage not available to other institutions. As noted above, Basel III integrates the new capital requirements into the prompt corrective action category definitions. As a result of the Federal Reserve’s revisions to the Policy raising the total consolidated asset limit in the Policy from $1 billion to $3 billion, Capital Bancorp is currently exempt from the consolidated capital requirements. Capital Category Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital Ratio Leverage Ratio Tangible Equity to Assets Supplemental Leverage Ratio Well Capitalized 10% or greater 8% or greater 6.5% or greater 5% or greater Adequately Capitalized 8% or greater 6% or greater 4.5% or greater 4% or greater Undercapitalized Less than 8% Less than 6% Less than 4.5% Less than 4% Significantly Undercapitalized Less than 6% Less than 4% Less than 3% Less than 3% n/a n/a n/a n/a Critically Undercapitalized n/a n/a n/a n/a Less than 2% n/a 3% or greater Less than 3% n/a n/a As of December 31, 2019, the Bank was “well capitalized” according to the guidelines as generally discussed above. Safety and Soundness Standards The federal banking agencies have adopted guidelines designed to assist the federal banking agencies in identifying and addressing potential safety and soundness concerns before capital becomes impaired. The guidelines set forth operational and managerial standards relating to: (i) internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems; (ii) loan documentation; (iii) credit underwriting; (iv) asset growth; (v) earnings; and (vi) compensation, fees and benefits. In addition, the federal banking agencies have also adopted safety and soundness guidelines with respect to asset quality and for evaluating and monitoring earnings to ensure that earnings are sufficient for the 27 maintenance of adequate capital and reserves. These guidelines provide six standards for establishing and maintaining a system to identify problem assets and prevent those assets from deteriorating. Under these standards, an insured depository institution should: (i) conduct periodic asset quality reviews to identify problem assets; (ii) estimate the inherent losses in problem assets and establish reserves that are sufficient to absorb estimated losses; (iii) compare problem asset totals to capital; (iv) take appropriate corrective action to resolve problem assets; (v) consider the size and potential risks of material asset concentrations; and (vi) provide periodic asset quality reports with adequate information for management and the board of directors to assess the level of asset risk. Community Reinvestment Act The CRA requires the federal banking regulatory agencies to assess all financial institutions that they regulate to determine whether these institutions are meeting the credit needs of the communities they serve, including their assessment area(s) (as established for these purposes in accordance with applicable regulations based principally on the location of branch offices). In addition to substantial penalties and corrective measures that may be required for a violation of certain fair lending laws, the federal banking agencies may take compliance with such laws and CRA into account when regulating and supervising other activities. Under the CRA, institutions are assigned a rating of “outstanding,” “satisfactory,” “needs to improve,” or “unsatisfactory.” An institution’s record in meeting the requirements of the CRA is based on a performance-based evaluation system, and is made publicly available and is taken into consideration in evaluating any applications it files with federal regulators to engage in certain activities, including approval of a branch or other deposit facility, mergers and acquisitions, office relocations, or expansions into non-banking activities. Our Bank received a “satisfactory” rating in its most recent CRA evaluation. Anti-Terrorism, Money Laundering Legislation and OFAC The Bank is subject to the Bank Secrecy Act and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA Patriot Act”). These statutes and related rules and regulations impose requirements and limitations on specified financial transactions and accounts and other relationships intended to guard against money laundering and terrorism financing. The principal requirements for an insured depository institution include (i) establishment of an anti-money laundering program that includes training and audit components, (ii) establishment of a “know your customer” program involving due diligence to confirm the identities of persons seeking to open accounts and to deny accounts to those persons unable to demonstrate their identities, (iii) the filing of currency transaction reports for deposits and withdrawals of large amounts of cash and suspicious activities reports for activity that might signify money laundering, tax evasion, or other criminal activities, (iv) additional precautions for accounts sought and managed for non-U.S. persons and (v) verification and certification of money laundering risk with respect to private banking and foreign correspondent banking relationships. For many of these tasks a bank must keep records to be made available to its primary federal regulator. Anti-money laundering rules and policies are developed by a bureau within the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, but compliance by individual institutions is overseen by its primary federal regulator. The Bank has established appropriate anti-money laundering and customer identification programs. The Bank also maintains records of cash purchases of negotiable instruments, files reports of certain cash transactions exceeding $10,000 (daily aggregate amount), and reports suspicious activity that might signify money laundering, tax evasion, or other criminal activities pursuant to the Bank Secrecy Act. The Bank otherwise has implemented policies and procedures to comply with the foregoing requirements. The Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries and persons, as defined by various Executive Orders and Acts of Congress. OFAC publishes lists of persons that are the target of sanctions, including the List of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons. Financial institutions are responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of and transactions with sanctioned persons and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and reporting blocked and 28 rejected transactions after their occurrence. If the Company or the Bank finds a name or other information on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list or that otherwise indicates that the transaction involves a target of sanctions, the Company or the Bank generally must freeze or block such account or transaction, file a suspicious activity report, and notify the appropriate authorities. Banking regulators examine banks for compliance with the economic sanctions regulations administered by OFAC. The Bank has implemented policies and procedures to comply with the foregoing requirements. Data Privacy and Cybersecurity The GLBA and the implementing regulations issued by federal regulatory agencies require financial institutions (including banks, insurance agencies, and broker/dealers) to adopt policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of nonpublic personal information about their customers to non-affiliated third parties. In general, financial institutions are required to explain to customers their policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of such nonpublic personal information and, unless otherwise required or permitted by law, financial institutions are prohibited from disclosing such information except as provided in their policies and procedures. Specifically, the GLBA established certain information security guidelines that require each financial institution, under the supervision and ongoing oversight of its board of directors or an appropriate committee thereof, to develop, implement, and maintain a comprehensive written information security program designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, to protect against anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information, and to protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. Recent cyber-attacks against banks and other financial institutions that resulted in unauthorized access to confidential customer information have prompted the federal banking regulators to issue extensive guidance on cybersecurity. Among other things, financial institutions are expected to design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and ensure that their risk management processes address the risks posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to authenticate customers accessing internet-based services. A financial institution also should have a robust business continuity program to recover from a cyberattack and procedures for monitoring the security of third-party service providers that may have access to nonpublic data at the institution. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau The Dodd-Frank Act created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”), which is an independent bureau with broad authority to regulate the consumer finance industry, including regulated financial institutions, non-banks and others involved in extending credit to consumers. The CFPB has authority through rulemaking, orders, policy statements, guidance, and enforcement actions to administer and enforce federal consumer financial laws, to oversee several entities and market segments not previously under the supervision of a federal regulator, and to impose its own regulations and pursue enforcement actions when it determines that a practice is unfair, deceptive, or abusive. The federal consumer financial laws and all the functions and responsibilities associated with them, many of which were previously enforced by other federal regulatory agencies, were transferred to the CFPB on July 21, 2011. While the CFPB has the power to interpret, administer, and enforce federal consumer financial laws, the Dodd-Frank Act provides that the federal banking regulatory agencies continue to have examination and enforcement powers over the financial institutions that they supervise relating to the matters within the jurisdiction of the CFPB if such institutions have less than $10 billion in assets. The Dodd-Frank Act also gives state attorneys general the ability to enforce federal consumer protection laws. 29 Mortgage Loan Origination The Dodd-Frank Act authorizes the CFPB to establish certain minimum standards for the origination of residential mortgages, including a determination of the borrower’s ability to repay. Under the Dodd-Frank Act and the implementing final rule adopted by the CFPB, or the ATR/QM Rule, a financial institution may not make a residential mortgage loan to a consumer unless it first makes a “reasonable and good faith determination” that the consumer has a “reasonable ability” to repay the loan. In addition, the ATR/QM Rule limits prepayment penalties and permits borrowers to raise certain defenses to foreclosure if they receive any loan other than a “qualified mortgage,” as defined by the CFPB. For this purpose, the ATR/QM Rule defines a “qualified mortgage” to include a loan with a borrower debt-to-income ratio of less than or equal to 43% or, alternatively, a loan eligible for purchase by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac while they operate under federal conservatorship or receivership, and loans eligible for insurance or guarantee by the Federal Housing Administration, the Veterans Administration or the United States Department of Agriculture. Additionally, a qualified mortgage may not: (i) contain excess upfront points and fees; (ii) have a term greater than 30 years; or (iii) include interest only or negative amortization payments. The ATR/QM Rule specifies the types of income and assets that may be considered in the ability-to-repay determination, the permissible sources for verification, and the required methods of calculating the loan’s monthly payments. The ATR/QM Rule became effective in January 2014. The Regulatory Relief Act provides that for certain insured depository institutions and insured credit unions with less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, mortgage loans that are originated and retained in portfolio will automatically be deemed to satisfy the “ability to repay” requirement. To qualify for this, the insured depository institutions and credit unions must meet conditions relating to prepayment penalties, points and fees, negative amortization, interest-only features and documentation. The Regulatory Relief Act directs federal banking agencies to issue regulations exempting certain insured depository institutions and insured credit unions with assets of $10 billion or less from the requirement to establish escrow accounts for certain residential mortgage loans. Insured depository institutions and insured credit unions that originated fewer than 500 closed-end mortgage loans or 500 open-end lines of credit in each of the two preceding years are exempt from a subset of disclosure requirements (recently imposed by the CFPB) under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (“HMDA”), provided they have received certain minimum CRA ratings in their most recent examinations. The Regulatory Relief Act also directs the Comptroller of the Currency to conduct a study assessing the effect of the exemption described above on the amount of HMDA data available at the national and local level. In addition, Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act amended the Exchange Act to require sponsors of asset-backed securities (“ABS”) to retain at least 5% of the credit risk of the assets underlying the securities and generally prohibits sponsors from transferring or hedging that credit risk. In October 2014, the federal banking regulatory agencies adopted a final rule to implement this requirement (the “Risk Retention Rule”). Among other things, the Risk Retention Rule requires a securitizer to retain not less than 5% of the credit risk of any asset that the securitizer, through the issuance of an ABS, transfers, sells, or conveys to a third party; and prohibits a securitizer from directly or indirectly hedging or otherwise transferring the credit risk that the securitizer is required to retain. In certain situations, the final rule allows securitizers to allocate a portion of the risk retention requirement to the originator(s) of the securitized assets, if an originator contributes at least 20% of the assets in the securitization. The Risk Retention Rule also provides an exemption to the risk retention requirements for an ABS collateralized exclusively by Qualified Residential Mortgages (“QRMs”), and ties the definition of a QRM to the definition of a “qualified mortgage” established by the CFPB for purposes of evaluating a consumer’s ability to repay a mortgage loan. The federal banking agencies have agreed to review the definition of QRMs in 2019, following the CFPB’s own review of its “qualified mortgage” regulation. For purposes of residential mortgage securitizations, the Risk Retention Rule took effect on December 24, 2015. For all other securitizations, the rule took effect on December 24, 2016. 30 The Volcker Rule In December 2013, five federal financial regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve, adopted final rules implementing the so- called “Volcker Rule” embodied in Section 13 of the BHC Act, which was added by the Dodd-Frank Act. In general, the Volcker Rule prohibits banking entities from (1) engaging in short-term proprietary trading for their own accounts, and (2) having certain ownership interests in, and relationships with, hedge funds or private equity funds, or covered funds. The Volcker Rule is intended to provide greater clarity with respect to both the extent of those primary prohibitions and the related exemptions and exclusions. The Regulatory Relief Act creates an exemption from prohibitions on propriety trading, and relationships with certain investment funds for banking entities with (i) less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and (ii) trading assets and trading liabilities less than 5% of its total consolidated assets. Currently, all banks are subject to these prohibitions pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act. Any insured depository institution that is controlled by a company that itself exceeds these $10 billion and 5% thresholds would not qualify for the exemption. In addition, the Regulatory Relief Act eases certain Volcker Rule restrictions on all bank entities, regardless of size, for simply share a name with hedge funds and private equity funds they organize. While the Company would be exempt from the prohibition on proprietary trading pursuant to the Regulatory Relief Act, currently, the Company does not have any ownership interest in, or relationships with, hedge funds or private equity funds, or covered funds, or engage in any activities that would have previously subjected it to the Volcker Rule. Other Provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act The Dodd-Frank Act implements far-reaching changes across the financial regulatory landscape. In addition to the reforms previously mentioned, the Dodd-Frank Act also: • • • requires BHCs and banks to be both well capitalized and well managed in order to acquire banks located outside their home state and requires any BHC electing to be treated as a financial holding company to be both well managed and well capitalized; eliminates all remaining restrictions on interstate banking by authorizing national and state banks to establish de novo branches in any state that would permit a bank chartered in that state to open a branch at that location; and repeals Regulation Q, the federal prohibition on the payment of interest on demand deposits, thereby permitting depository institutions to pay interest on business transaction and other accounts. Although a significant number of the rules and regulations mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act have been finalized, many of the requirements called for have yet to be implemented and will likely be subject to implementing regulations over the course of several years. Given the uncertainty associated with the manner in which the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act will be implemented by the various agencies, the full extent of the impact such requirements will have on financial institutions’ operations is unclear. Federal Home Loan Bank Membership The Bank is a member of the FHLB. Each member of the FHLB is required to maintain a minimum investment in the Class B stock of the FHLB. The Board of Directors of the FHLB can increase the minimum investment requirements in the event it has concluded that additional capital is required to allow it to meet its own regulatory capital requirements. Any increase in the minimum investment requirements outside of specified ranges requires the approval of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. Because the extent of any obligation to increase the level of investment in the FHLB depends entirely upon the occurrence of a future event, the Company is unable to determine the extent of future required potential payments to the FHLB. 31 Additionally, if a member financial institution fails, the right of the FHLB to seek repayment of funds loaned to that institution will take priority (a super lien) over the rights of all other creditors. Other Laws and Regulations Our operations are subject to several additional laws, some of which are specific to banking and others of which are applicable to commercial operations generally. For example, with respect to our lending practices, we are subject to the following laws and regulations, among several others: • • • • • • • • Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers; HMDA, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves; Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed, or other prohibited factors in extending credit; Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1978, as amended by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies, certain identity theft protections, and certain credit and other disclosures; Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, governing how consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies; Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, requiring certain disclosures concerning loan closing costs and escrows, and governing transfers of loan servicing and the amounts of escrows for loans secured by one-to-four family residential properties; Rules and regulations established by the National Flood Insurance Program; and Rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing these federal laws. Our deposit operations are subject to federal laws applicable to depository accounts, including: • • • • Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records; Truth-In-Savings Act, requiring certain disclosures for consumer deposit accounts; Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E of the Federal Reserve, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services; and Rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing these federal laws. We are also subject to a variety of laws and regulations that are not limited to banking organizations. For example, in lending to commercial and consumer borrowers, and in owning and operating our own property, we are subject to regulations and potential liabilities under state and federal environmental laws. In addition, we must comply with privacy and data security laws and regulations at both the federal and state level. 32 We are heavily regulated by regulatory agencies at the federal and state levels. Like most of our competitors, we have faced and expect to continue to face increased regulation and regulatory and political scrutiny, which creates significant uncertainty for us, as well as for the financial services industry in general. Enforcement Powers The federal regulatory agencies have substantial penalties available to use against depository institutions and certain “institution-affiliated parties.” Institution-affiliated parties primarily include management, employees, and agents of a financial institution, as well as independent contractors and consultants, such as attorneys, accountants, and others who participate in the conduct of the financial institution’s affairs. An institution can be subject to an enforcement action due to the failure to timely file required reports, the filing of false or misleading information, or the submission of inaccurate reports, or engaging in other unsafe or unsound banking practices. Civil penalties may be as high as $1,924,589 per day for violations. The Financial Institution Reform Recovery and Enforcement Act provided regulators with greater flexibility to commence enforcement actions against institutions and institution-affiliated parties and to terminate an institution’s deposit insurance. It also expanded the power of banking regulatory agencies to issue regulatory orders. Such orders may, among other things, require affirmative action to correct any harm resulting from a violation or practice, including restitution, reimbursement, indemnification, or guarantees against loss. A financial institution may also be ordered to restrict its growth, dispose of certain assets, rescind agreements or contracts, or take other actions as determined by the ordering agency to be appropriate. The Dodd-Frank Act increases regulatory oversight, supervision and examination of banks, BHCs, and their respective subsidiaries by the appropriate regulatory agency. Future Legislation and Regulation Regulators have increased their focus on the regulation of the financial services industry in recent years, leading in many cases to greater uncertainty and compliance costs for regulated entities. Proposals that could substantially intensify the regulation of the financial services industry have been and may be expected to continue to be introduced in the United States Congress, in state legislatures, and by applicable regulatory authorities. These proposals may change banking statutes and regulations and our operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, these proposals could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other financial institutions. We cannot predict whether any of these proposals will be enacted and, if enacted, the effect that these proposals, or any implementing regulations, would have on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. See “Risk Factors —Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Industry Legislative and regulatory actions taken now or in the future may increase our costs and impact our business governance structure, financial condition or results of operations.” ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS. Ownership of our common stock involves certain risks. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially, adversely affected. 33 Risks Related to Our Business As a business operating in the financial services industry, our business and operations may be adversely affected in numerous and complex ways by weak economic conditions. Our business and operations, which primarily consist of lending money to clients in the form of loans, borrowing money from clients in the form of deposits and investing in securities, are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the United States. If the U.S. economy weakens, our growth and profitability from our lending, deposit and investment operations could be constrained. Uncertainty about the federal fiscal policymaking process, the medium- and long-term fiscal outlook of the federal government and future tax rates is a concern for businesses, consumers and investors in the United States. While there has been an improvement in the U.S. economy since the 2008 financial crisis as evidenced by a rebound in the housing market, lower unemployment and higher equity capital markets, economic growth has been uneven and opinions vary on the strength and direction of the economy. Uncertainties also have arisen regarding the potential for a reversal or renegotiation of international trade agreements, the effects of the legislation and the impact such actions and other policies the current administration may have on economic and market conditions. Weak economic conditions are characterized by numerous factors, including deflation, fluctuations in debt and equity capital markets, a lack of liquidity and depressed prices in the secondary market for mortgage loans, increased delinquencies on mortgage, consumer and commercial loans, residential and commercial real estate price declines and lower home sales and commercial activity. The current economic environment is characterized by interest rates at near historically low levels, which impacts our ability to attract deposits and to generate attractive earnings through our loan and investment portfolios. All of these factors can individually or in the aggregate be detrimental to our business, and the interplay between these factors can be complex and unpredictable. Adverse economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our commercial business and operations are concentrated in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas and we are more sensitive than our more geographically diversified competitors to adverse changes in the local economy. Unlike many of our larger competitors that maintain significant operations located outside our market area, substantially all of our commercial business clients are located and doing business in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 89.0% of our loans held for investment (measured by dollar amount) were made to borrowers who live or conduct business in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Therefore, our success depends upon the general economic conditions in this area, which we cannot predict with certainty. As a result, our operations and profitability may be more adversely affected by a local economic downturn in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas than those of larger, more geographically diverse competitors. A downturn in the local economy generally could make it more difficult for our borrowers to repay their loans and may lead to loan losses that are not offset by operations in other markets; it may also reduce the ability of our depositors to make or maintain deposits with us. For these reasons, any regional or local economic downturn that affects the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas, or existing or prospective borrowers or depositors in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. From time to time, our Bank may provide financing to customers who live or have companies or properties located outside our core markets. In such cases, we would face similar local market risk in those communities for these customers. 34 Our customers and businesses in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area may be adversely impacted as a result of changes in government spending. The Washington, D.C. metropolitan area is characterized by a significant number of businesses that are federal government contractors or subcontractors, or which depend on such businesses for a significant portion of their revenues. The impact of a decline in federal government spending, a reallocation of government spending to different industries or different areas of the country or a delay in payments to such contractors could have a ripple effect. Temporary layoffs, staffing freezes, salary reductions or furloughs of government employees or government contractors could have adverse impacts on other businesses in the Company’s market and the general economy of the greater Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, and may indirectly lead to a loss of revenues by the Company’s customers, including vendors and lessors to the federal government and government contractors or to their employees, as well as a wide variety of commercial and retail businesses. Accordingly, such potential federal government activities could lead to increases in past due loans, nonperforming loans, loan loss reserves and charge-offs, and to a corresponding decline in liquidity. We may not be able to implement aspects of our growth strategy, which may adversely affect our ability to maintain our historical growth and earnings trends. We have grown rapidly over the last several years, primarily through organic growth. We may not be able to execute on aspects of our expansion strategy, which may impair our ability to sustain our historical rate of growth or prevent us from growing at all. More specifically, we may not be able to generate sufficient new loans and deposits within acceptable risk and expense tolerances or obtain the personnel or funding necessary for additional growth. Various factors, such as economic conditions and competition with other financial institutions, may impede or prohibit the growth of our operations. Further, we may be unable to attract and retain experienced bankers, which could adversely affect our growth. The success of our strategy also depends on our ability to manage our growth effectively, which depends on a number of factors, including our ability to adapt our credit, operational, technology and governance infrastructure to accommodate expanded operations. If we are successful in continuing our growth, we cannot be certain that further growth would offer the same levels of potential profitability, or that we would be successful in controlling costs and maintaining asset quality in the face of that growth. Accordingly, an inability to maintain growth, or an inability to effectively manage growth, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may not be able to measure and limit our credit risk adequately, which could lead to unexpected losses. The primary component of our business involves making loans to customers. The business of lending is inherently risky, including risks that the principal of or interest on any loan will not be repaid in a timely manner or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting the loan will be insufficient to cover our outstanding exposure. These risks may be affected by the strength of the borrower’s business sector and local, regional and national market and economic conditions. Many of our loans are made to small- to medium-sized businesses that may be less able to withstand competitive, economic and financial pressures than larger borrowers. Our risk management practices, such as monitoring the concentration of our loans within specific industries, and our credit approval practices may not adequately reduce credit risk. Further, our credit administration personnel, policies and procedures may not adequately adapt to changes in economic or any other conditions affecting customers and the quality of the loan portfolio. A failure to measure and limit the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio effectively could lead to unexpected losses and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 35 Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb potential losses in our loan portfolio. We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s judgment of probable losses and risks inherent in our loan portfolio. As of December 31, 2019, our allowance for loan losses totaled $13.3 million, which represents approximately 1.14% of our total loans held for investment. The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of general economic conditions, diversification and seasoning of the loan portfolio, historic loss experience, identified credit problems, delinquency levels and adequacy of collateral. The determination of the appropriate level of our allowance for loan losses is inherently highly subjective and requires management to make significant estimates of and assumptions regarding current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Inaccurate management assumptions, deterioration of economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification or deterioration of additional problem loans, acquisition of problem loans and other factors (including third-party review and analysis), both within and outside of our control, may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses. In addition, our regulators, as an integral part of their periodic examination, review our methodology for calculating, and the adequacy of, our allowance for loan losses and may direct us to make additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Further, if actual charge-offs in future periods exceed the amounts allocated to our allowance for loan losses, we may need additional provisions for loan losses to restore the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses. Finally, the measure of our allowance for loan losses depends on the adoption and interpretation of accounting standards. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, has recently issued a new credit impairment model, the Current Expected Credit Loss, or CECL model, which will become applicable to us on January 1, 2023. CECL will require financial institutions to estimate and develop a provision for credit losses over the lifetime of the loan at origination, as opposed to reserving for incurred or probable losses up to the balance sheet date. Under the CECL model, credit deterioration would be reflected in the income statement in the period of origination or acquisition of the loan, with changes in expected credit losses due to further credit deterioration or improvement reflected in the periods in which the expectation changes. Accordingly, the CECL model could require financial institutions like the Bank to increase their allowances for loan losses. Moreover, the CECL model may create more volatility in our level of allowance for loan losses. If we are required to materially increase our level of allowance for loan losses for any reason, such increase could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The small- to medium-sized businesses that we lend to may have fewer resources to weather adverse business developments, which may impair our borrowers’ ability to repay loans. As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $151.1 million of commercial and industrial loans to businesses, which represents approximately 12.9% of our total loan portfolio held for investment. Small- to medium-sized businesses frequently have smaller market shares than their competition, may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, often need substantial additional capital to expand or compete and may experience substantial volatility in operating results, any of which may impair a borrower’s ability to repay a loan. In addition, the success of a small- and medium-sized business often depends on the management skills, talents and efforts of a small group of people. The death, disability or resignation of one or more of these people could have an adverse effect on the business and its ability to repay its loan. If our borrowers are unable to repay their loans, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Our commercial real estate and real estate construction loan portfolio exposes us to credit risks that may be greater than the risks related to other types of loans. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $331.8 million, or 28.3%, of our total loans held for investment were nonresidential real estate loans (including owner-occupied commercial real estate loans) and approximately $198.7 million, or 16.9%, of our total loans held for investment were construction loans. Furthermore, as of December 31, 2019, our commercial real estate loans (excluding owner-occupied commercial real estate loans) totaled 172.0% of our total risk based capital. These loans typically involve 36 repayment that depends upon income generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. The availability of such income for repayment may be adversely affected by changes in the economy or local market conditions. These loans expose a lender to the risk of liquidating the collateral securing these loans in times where there may be significant fluctuation of commercial real estate values. Additionally, commercial real estate loans generally involve relatively large balances to single borrowers or related groups of borrowers. Unexpected deterioration in the credit quality of our commercial real estate loan portfolio could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, which would reduce our profitability and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Construction loans also involve risks because loan funds are secured by a project under construction and the project is of uncertain value prior to its completion. It can be difficult to accurately evaluate the total funds required to complete a project, and construction lending often involves the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the ultimate project rather than the ability of a borrower or guarantor to repay the loan. If we are forced to foreclose on a project prior to completion, we may be unable to recover the entire unpaid portion of the loan. In addition, we may be required to fund additional amounts to complete a project, incur taxes, maintenance and compliance costs for a foreclosed property and may have to hold the property for an indeterminate period of time, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Because a significant portion of our loan portfolio held for investment is comprised of real estate loans, negative changes in the economy affecting real estate values and liquidity could impair the value of collateral securing our real estate loans and result in loan and other losses. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $974.7 million, or 83.0%, of our total loans held for investment were loans with real estate as a primary or secondary component of collateral. The market value of real estate can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time. As a result, adverse developments affecting real estate values and the liquidity of real estate in our primary markets could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio, and could result in losses that adversely affect credit quality, financial condition and results of operations. Negative changes in the economy affecting real estate values and liquidity in our market areas could significantly impair the value of property pledged as collateral on loans and affect our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure without a loss or additional losses. Collateral may have to be sold for less than the outstanding balance of the loan, which could result in losses on such loans. Such declines and losses would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If real estate values decline, it is also more likely that we would be required to increase our allowance for loan losses, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. A portion of our loan portfolio is comprised of commercial loans secured by receivables, inventory, equipment or other commercial collateral, the deterioration in value of which could expose us to credit losses. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $151.1 million, or 12.9%, of our total loans held for investment were commercial loans to businesses. In general, these loans are collateralized by general business assets, including, among other things, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, and most are backed by a personal guaranty of the borrower or principal. These commercial loans are typically larger in amount than loans to individuals and, therefore, have the potential for larger losses on a single loan basis. Additionally, the repayment of commercial loans is subject to the ongoing business operations of the borrower. The collateral securing such loans generally includes movable property such as equipment and inventory, which may decline in value more rapidly than we anticipate exposing us to increased credit risk. Significant adverse changes in the economy or local market conditions in which our commercial lending customers operate could cause rapid declines in loan collectability and the values associated with general business assets resulting in inadequate collateral coverage that may expose us to credit losses and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. 37 System failure or cybersecurity breaches of our network security could subject us to increased operating costs as well as litigation and other potential losses. Our computer systems and network infrastructure could be vulnerable to hardware and cybersecurity issues. Our operations are dependent upon our ability to protect our computer equipment against damage from fire, power loss, telecommunications failure or a similar catastrophic event. We could also experience a breach by intentional or negligent conduct on the part of employees or other internal sources. Any damage or failure that causes an interruption in our operations could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our operations are also dependent upon our ability to protect our computer systems and network infrastructure, including our digital, mobile and internet banking activities, against damage from physical break-ins, cybersecurity breaches and other disruptive problems caused by the internet or other users. Such computer break-ins and other disruptions would jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, which may result in significant liability, damage our reputation and inhibit the use of our internet banking services by current and potential customers. We regularly add additional security measures to our computer systems and network infrastructure to mitigate the possibility of cybersecurity breaches, including firewalls and penetration testing. However, it is difficult or impossible to defend against every risk being posed by changing technologies as well as acts of cyber-crime. Increasing sophistication of cyber criminals and terrorists make keeping up with new threats difficult and could result in a system breach. Controls employed by our information technology department and cloud vendors could prove inadequate. A breach of our security that results in unauthorized access to our data could expose us to a disruption or challenges relating to our daily operations, as well as to data loss, litigation, damages, fines and penalties, significant increases in compliance costs and reputational damage, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Appraisals and other valuation techniques we use in evaluating and monitoring loans secured by real property, other real estate owned and repossessed personal property may not accurately describe the net value of the asset. In considering whether to make a loan secured by real property, we generally require an appraisal of the property. However, an appraisal is only an estimate of the value of the property at the time the appraisal is made and, as real estate values may change significantly in value in relatively short periods of time (especially in periods of heightened economic uncertainty), this estimate may not accurately describe the net value of the real property collateral after the loan is made. As a result, we may not be able to realize the full amount of any remaining indebtedness when we foreclose on and sell the relevant property. In addition, we rely on appraisals and other valuation techniques to establish the value of our other real estate owned, or OREO, and personal property that we acquire through foreclosure proceedings and to determine certain loan impairments. If any of these valuations are inaccurate, our combined and consolidated financial statements may not reflect the correct value of our OREO, and our allowance for loan losses may not reflect accurate loan impairments. This could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We engage in lending secured by real estate and may be forced to foreclose on the collateral and own the underlying real estate, subjecting us to the costs and potential risks associated with the ownership of the real property, or consumer protection initiatives or changes in state or federal law may substantially raise the cost of foreclosure or prevent us from foreclosing at all. Since we originate loans secured by real estate, we may have to foreclose on the collateral property to protect our investment and may thereafter own and operate such property, in which case we would be exposed to the risks inherent in the ownership of real estate. As of December 31, 2019, we held approximately $2.4 million in OREO that is currently marketed for sale. The amount that we, as a mortgagee, may realize after a default depends on factors outside of our control, including, but not limited to, general or local economic conditions, environmental cleanup liabilities, assessments, interest rates, real estate tax rates, operating 38 expenses of the mortgaged properties, our ability to obtain and maintain adequate occupancy of the properties, zoning laws, governmental and regulatory rules, and natural disasters. Our inability to manage the amount of costs or size of the risks associated with the ownership of real estate, or writedowns in the value of OREO, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, consumer protection initiatives or changes in state or federal law may substantially increase the time and expense associated with the foreclosure process or prevent us from foreclosing at all. A number of states in recent years have either considered or adopted foreclosure reform laws that make it substantially more difficult and expensive for lenders to foreclose on properties in default. Additionally, federal regulators have prosecuted a number of mortgage servicing companies for alleged consumer law violations. If new state or federal laws or regulations are ultimately enacted that significantly raise the cost of foreclosure or raise outright barriers, such could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation. A lack of liquidity could impair our ability to fund operations and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Liquidity is essential to our business. We rely on our ability to generate deposits and effectively manage the repayment and maturity schedules of our loans and investment securities, respectively, to ensure that we have adequate liquidity to fund our operations. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, sales of our investment securities, sales of loans or other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity and our ability to continue our growth strategy. Our most important source of funds is deposits. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $606.9 million, or 49%, of our total deposits were interest bearing demand, savings and money market accounts. Historically our savings, money market deposit and interest bearing demand accounts have been stable sources of funds. However, these deposits are subject to potentially dramatic fluctuations in availability or price due to certain factors that may be outside of our control, such as a loss of confidence by customers in us or the banking sector generally, customer perceptions of our financial health and general reputation, increasing competitive pressures from other financial services firms for consumer or corporate customer deposits, changes in interest rates and returns on other investment classes, any of which could result in significant outflows of deposits within short periods of time or significant changes in pricing necessary to maintain current customer deposits or attract additional deposits, increasing our funding costs and reducing our net interest income and net income. Additional liquidity is provided by our ability to borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, or the FHLB, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. We also may borrow funds from third-party lenders, such as other financial institutions. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our activities, or on terms that are acceptable to us, could be impaired by factors that affect us directly or the financial services industry or economy in general, such as disruptions in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry. Our access to funding sources could also be affected by one or more adverse regulatory actions against us. Any decline in available funding could adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet our expenses or fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could, in turn, have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our liquidity could be adversely impacted by our use of wholesale funding sources, including certificates of deposit, and by potential limitations on our ability to obtain brokered deposits. We utilize brokered deposits as a complementary funding source. We had $88.8 million, or 7.2% of our total deposits, in “brokered deposit” accounts at December 31, 2019. A brokered deposit is a deposit that is obtained from or through the mediation or assistance of a deposit broker, which includes larger 39 correspondent banks and securities brokerage firms. These deposit brokers attract deposits from individuals and companies whose deposit decisions are based almost exclusively on obtaining the highest interest rates. There are risks associated with using brokered deposits. In order to continue to maintain our level of brokered deposits, we may be forced to pay higher interest rates than contemplated by our asset- liability pricing strategy. In addition, banks that become less than “well capitalized” under applicable regulatory capital requirements may be restricted in their ability to accept, or prohibited from accepting, brokered deposits. If this funding source becomes more difficult to access, we will have to seek alternative funding sources in order to continue to fund our growth. This may include increasing our reliance on FHLB advances, attempting to attract non-brokered deposits and selling loans. There can be no assurance that brokered deposits will be available, or if available, sufficient to support our continued growth. The maturity of brokered certificates of deposit could result in this funding source maturing at one time. Should this occur, it might be difficult to replace the maturing certificates with new brokered certificates of deposit. We have used brokers to obtain these deposits which results in depositors with whom we have no other relationships since these depositors are outside of our market, and there may not be a sufficient source of new brokered certificates of deposit at the time of maturity. In addition, upon maturity, brokers could require us to offer some of the highest interest rates in the country to retain these deposits, which would negatively impact our earnings. In addition, we had $115.3 million, or 9.4% of our deposits, in certificates of deposit of $250,000 and greater at December 31, 2019, of which $81.6 million, or 6.6%, were due to mature within one year. These deposits are, like brokered deposits, generally interest rate sensitive. We also use listing service deposits that tend to be interest rate sensitive. As of December 31, 2019, our certificates of deposit from listing services amounted to $78.2 million or 6.4% of our deposits. Consequently, these types of deposits may not provide the same stability to a bank’s deposit base as traditional local retail deposit relationships and our liquidity may be negatively affected if that funding source experiences supply difficulties due to loss of investor confidence or a flight to other investments. We have several large depositor relationships, the loss of which could force us to fund our business through more expensive and less stable sources. As of December 31, 2019, our 10 largest non-brokered depositors accounted for $332.0 million in deposits, or approximately 27.0% of our total deposits. Our board of directors, directly and indirectly, accounted for $141.3 million of deposits as of December 31, 2019. Withdrawals of deposits by any one of our largest depositors could force us to rely more heavily on borrowings and other sources of funding for our business, adversely affecting our net interest margin and results of operations. We may also be forced, as a result of any withdrawal of deposits, to rely more heavily on other, potentially more expensive and less stable funding sources. Consequently, the occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our mortgage banking division may not continue to provide us with significant noninterest income. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Bank originated $593.2 million and sold $540.2 million of residential mortgage loans net of mortgage banking revenue, and originated $337.1 million and sold $344.9 million in the same period of 2018. The residential mortgage business is highly competitive and highly susceptible to changes in market interest rates, consumer confidence levels, employment statistics, the capacity and willingness of secondary market purchasers to acquire and hold or securitize loans, and other factors beyond our control. Additionally, in many respects, the traditional mortgage origination business is relationship-based, and dependent on the services of individual mortgage loan officers. The loss of services of one or more loan officers could have the effect of reducing the level of our mortgage production, or the rate of growth of production. As a result of these factors, we cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain or increase the volume or percentage of revenue or net income produced by the residential mortgage business. 40 We earn income by originating residential mortgage loans for resale in the secondary mortgage market, and disruptions in that market could reduce our operating income. Historically, as part of our focus on loan origination and sales activities, we enter into formal commitments and informal agreements with larger banking companies and mortgage investors earning the Bank income from these sales. Under these arrangements, we originate single-family mortgages that are priced and underwritten to conform to previously agreed criteria before loan funding and are delivered to the investor shortly after funding. However, in the recent past, disruptions in the secondary market for residential mortgage loans have limited the market for, and liquidity of, most mortgage loans other than conforming Fannie Mae and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or Freddie Mac, loans. The adverse effects of these disruptions in the secondary market for residential mortgage loans may recur. In addition, because government-sponsored entities like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which account for a substantial portion of the secondary market, are governed by federal law, any future changes in laws that significantly affect the activity of these entities could, in turn, adversely affect our operations. In September 2008, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed into conservatorship by the federal government. The federal government has for many years considered proposals to reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but the results of any such reform and their impact on us are difficult to predict. To date, no reform proposal has been enacted. These disruptions may not only affect us but also the ability and desire of mortgage investors and other banks to purchase residential mortgage loans that we originate. As a result, we may not be able to maintain or grow the income we receive from originating and reselling residential mortgage loans, which would reduce our operating income. Additionally, we hold certain mortgage loans that we originated for sale, increasing our exposure to interest rate risk and adverse changes in the value of the residential real estate that serves as collateral for the mortgage loan prior to sale. Our financial condition, earnings and asset quality could be adversely affected if we are required to repurchase loans originated for sale by our mortgage banking division. The Bank originates residential mortgage loans for sale to secondary market investors, subject to contractually specified and limited recourse provisions. Because the loans are intended to be originated within investor guidelines, using designated automated underwriting and product-specific requirements as part of the loan application, the loans sold have a limited recourse provision. In general, the Bank may be required to repurchase a previously sold mortgage loan or indemnify an investor if there is non-compliance with defined loan origination or documentation standards including fraud, negligence, material misstatement in the loan documents or non-compliance with applicable law. In addition, the Bank may have an obligation to repurchase a loan if the mortgagor has defaulted early in the loan term or return profits made should the loan prepay within a short period. In general, the potential mortgagor early default repurchase period is approximately twelve months after sale of the loan to the investor. The recourse period for fraud, material misstatement, breach of representations and warranties, non-compliance with law or similar matters could be as long as the term of the loan. Mortgages subject to recourse are collateralized by single-family residential properties. Should such loan repurchases become a material issue, our earnings and asset quality could be adversely impacted, which could adversely impact business, financial condition and results of operations. Delinquencies and credit losses from our OpenSky® credit card division could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our OpenSky® division provides secured credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores. In order to obtain a credit card from us, the customer must select a credit line amount that they are willing to secure with a matching deposit amount. Available credit lines vary from a minimum of $200 to a maximum of $3,000 per card, with a maximum line of $5,000 available per individual. Customers then fund a deposit account in an amount equal to the maximum credit line being extended using a debit card, check, wire or Western Union transfer. The customer’s funding of the deposit 41 account as collateral is not a consideration in the credit card approval process, but is a prerequisite to activating the credit line. Credit card eligibility is based on identity and income verification. Our Apollo customer acquisition system includes decision engine software, which we license, to contact relevant third-party data services for identity and income verification. Once the customer’s deposit account has been funded, the credit line is activated and the collateral funds are available to absorb all losses on the account that may occur, except those stated below. As a result, except in those select circumstances identified below, all OpenSky® accounts are secured by deposits up to the amount of the maximum credit limit at the time of account verification. Although OpenSky® credit cards are secured, losses may occur primarily as a result of fraud, or when the account exceeds its established limit or if a cardholder ceases to maintain the account in good standing. Fraud, such as identity fraud, payment fraud and funding fraud (where an individual funds a card using information from someone they know well, such as a relative or roommate) can result in substantial losses. In the case of an OpenSky® account that is funded through fraud on the part of an applicant, we are required by applicable laws to refund the amount of the original deposit, and we charge off balances which were subsequently charged on the card. Customers exceeding established credit limits occurs due to certain VISA membership policies that allow cardholders to incur certain charges even if they exceed their card limits, which include, but are not limited to, rental car charges, gas stations and hotel deposits. If an OpenSky® cardholder exceeds his or her credit limit as a result of purchases in one of these categories, we may incur losses for amounts in excess of the collateral deposited if the borrower is unable to repay such excess amounts. Finally, losses to our credit card portfolio may arise if cardholders cease to maintain the account in good standing with timely payments. For example, in the event a card becomes more than 120 days past due, the credit card balance is recovered against the corresponding deposit account and a charge-off is recorded for any related fees, accrued interest or other charges in excess of the deposit account balance. We have invested in technology and systems to prevent and detect fraudulent behavior and mitigate losses but such investments may not be adequate, and our systems may not adequately monitor or mitigate potential losses arising from these risks. As of December 31, 2019, OpenSky® credit card balances were $46.4 million, of which $45.5 million were fully secured. Total noninterest bearing collateral deposit account balances were $78.2 million as of the same date. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 11.9% of our credit card portfolio was delinquent by 30 days or more. Based on our prior experience, approximately 20.0% of our new secured credit cards will experience a charge-off within the first year of issuance primarily due to the relative inexperience of this under- banked population in managing credit card debt. Further, using our proprietary scoring model, which considers credit score and repayment history, the Bank has recently begun to offer certain customers an unsecured line in excess of their secured line of credit. At December 31, 2019, these customers had $3.1 million of unused credit card lines and $891 thousand of outstanding unsecured credit card advances. A high credit loss rate (the rate at which we charge off uncollectible loans) on either our secured or unsecured portfolio could adversely impact our overall financial performance. We maintain an allowance for loan losses, which we believe to be adequate to cover credit losses inherent in our OpenSky® portfolio, but we cannot be certain that the allowance will be sufficient to cover actual credit losses. If credit losses from our OpenSky® portfolio exceed our allowance for loan losses, our revenues will be reduced by the excess of such credit losses. The inability of our OpenSky® credit card division to continue its growth rate could adversely affect our earnings. Our credit card portfolio has increased from $9.6 million at December 31, 2014 to $46.4 million at December 31, 2019 and certain corresponding fees have been a significant portion of our income. We do not know if we will be able to retain existing customers or attract new customers, or that we will be able to increase account balances for new or existing customers. Many factors could adversely affect our ability to 42 retain or attract customers and our ability to grow account balances. These factors include general economic factors, competition, the effectiveness of our marketing initiatives, negative press reports regarding our industry or the Company, the general interest rate environment, our ability to recruit or replace experienced management and operations personnel, the availability of funding and delinquency and credit loss rates. We hope the development and expansion of new credit card products and related cardholder service products will be an important contributor to our growth and earnings in the future; however, if we are unable to implement new cardholder products and features, our ability to grow will be negatively impacted. Declining sales of cardholder service products would likely result in reduced income from fees. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by merchants’ increasing focus on the fees charged by credit card networks and by regulation and legislation impacting such fees. Credit card interchange fees are generally one of the largest components of the costs that merchants pay in connection with the acceptance of credit cards and are a meaningful source of revenue for our OpenSky® division. Interchange fees are the subject of significant and intense legal, regulatory and legislative focus globally, and the resulting decisions, regulations and legislation may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition to this regulatory activity, merchants are also seeking avenues to reduce interchange fees. During the past few years, merchants and their trade groups have filed numerous lawsuits against Visa, MasterCard, American Express and their card-issuing banks, claiming that their practices toward merchants, including interchange and similar fees, violate federal antitrust laws. Some major retailers may have sufficient bargaining power to independently negotiate lower interchange fees with MasterCard and Visa, which could, in turn, result in lower interchange fees for us when our cardholders undertake purchase transactions with these retailers. In 2016, some of the largest merchants individually negotiated lower interchange rates with MasterCard and Visa. These and other merchants also continue to lobby aggressively for caps and restrictions on interchange fees and there can be no assurance that their efforts will not be successful or that they will not in the future bring legal proceedings against us or other credit card and debit card issuers and networks. Beyond pursuing litigation, legislation and regulation, merchants may also promote forms of payment with lower fees, such as ACH- based payments, or seek to impose surcharges at the point of sale for use of credit or debit cards. New payment systems, particularly mobile-based payment technologies, could also gain widespread adoption and lead to issuer transaction fees or the displacement of credit card accounts as a payment method. The heightened focus by merchants and regulatory and legislative bodies on the fees charged by credit and debit card networks, and the ability of certain merchants to negotiate discounts to interchange fees with MasterCard and Visa successfully or develop alternative payment systems could result in a reduction of interchange fees. Any resulting loss in income to us could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. By engaging in derivative transactions, we are exposed to additional credit and market risk. As part of our mortgage banking activities, we enter into interest rate lock agreements with the consumer. These are commitments to originate loans at a specified interest rate and lock expiration which is set prior to closing. The Company has two options. We may choose to lock the loan and rate directly with an investor using a best effort commitment. This type of commitment has no negative impact to the Bank as long as the loan is closed and funded. Once settlement commences, this type of commitment typically contains a mandatory delivery. Secondly, the Bank may elect to protect the interest rate to the consumer and deliver the loan using short term mandatory commitments once the loan is closed. When the Company chooses 43 this strategy, we hedge the risk by selling an offsetting short position of a mortgage backed security or MBS most correlated to the loan type expiration. The hedged loan(s) and shorted MBS positions are recorded at fair value with changes in the mark to market recorded as mortgage banking revenue. Furthermore, the hedged interest rate locks and commitments to deliver loans to investors are considered derivatives. The market value of loans with best effort rate lock commitments are not readily ascertainable with precision because they are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. The Company determines the fair value of rate lock commitments and delivery contracts by measuring the fair value of the underlying asset, which is impacted by current interest rates, and taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. Hedging interest rate risk is a complex process, requiring sophisticated models and routine monitoring. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged assets and liabilities will appreciate or depreciate in market value. The effect of this unrealized appreciation or depreciation in assets (loans) will generally be offset by income or loss in the corresponding MBS derivative instruments that are linked to the hedged assets and liabilities. By engaging in derivative transactions, we are exposed to counterparty credit and market risk. If the counterparty fails to perform, credit risk exists to the extent of the fair value gain in the derivative. Market risk exists to the extent that interest rates change in ways that are significantly different from what was modeled when we entered into the derivative transaction. The existence of credit and market risk associated with our derivative instruments could adversely affect our mortgage banking revenue and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to interest rate risk as fluctuations in interest rates may adversely affect our earnings. The majority of our banking assets and liabilities are monetary in nature and subject to risk from changes in interest rates. Like most financial institutions, our earnings are significantly dependent on our net interest income, the principal component of our earnings, which is the difference between interest earned by us from our interest earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and interest paid by us on our interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. We expect that we will periodically experience “gaps” in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities, meaning that either our interest bearing liabilities will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest earning assets, or vice versa. In either case, if market interest rates should move contrary to our position, this gap will negatively impact our earnings. The impact on earnings is more adverse when the slope of the yield curve flattens; that is, when short-term interest rates increase more than long-term interest rates or when long-term interest rates decrease more than short-term interest rates. Many factors impact interest rates, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, recession, changes in unemployment, the money supply, international economic weakness and disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 51.0% of our interest earning assets and approximately 62.0% of our interest bearing liabilities had a variable interest rate. Interest rate increases often result in larger payment requirements for our borrowers, which increases the potential for default and could result in a decrease in the demand for loans. At the same time, the marketability of the property securing a loan may be adversely affected by any reduced demand resulting from higher interest rates. In a declining interest rate environment, there may be an increase in prepayments on loans as borrowers refinance their loans at lower rates. In addition, in a low interest rate environment, loan customers often pursue long- term fixed rate credits, which could adversely affect our earnings and net interest margin if rates later increase. Changes in interest rates also can affect the value of loans, securities and other assets. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or interest on loans may lead to an increase in nonperforming assets and a reduction of income recognized, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Further, when we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. At the same time, we continue to incur costs to fund the loan, which is reflected as interest expense, without any interest income to offset the associated funding expense. Thus, an increase in the amount of nonperforming assets would have an adverse impact on net interest income. If short-term interest 44 rates remain at their historically low levels for a prolonged period and assuming longer-term interest rates fall further, we could experience net interest margin compression as our interest earning assets would continue to reprice downward while our interest bearing liability rates could fail to decline in tandem. Such an occurrence would have an adverse effect on our net interest income and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainty about the future of LIBOR may adversely affect our business. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the LIBOR, announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. It is impossible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR, whether LIBOR rates will cease to be published or supported before or after 2021 or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. Efforts in the United States to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Uncertainty as to the nature of alternative reference rates and as to potential changes in other reforms to LIBOR may adversely affect LIBOR rates and the value of LIBOR-based loans, and to a lesser extent securities in our portfolio, and may impact the availability and cost of hedging instruments and borrowings, including the rates we pay on our subordinated debentures and trust preferred securities. If LIBOR rates are no longer available or do not remain an acceptable market benchmark, any successor or replacement interest rates may perform differently, which may adversely affect our revenue or our expenses. We may incur significant costs to transition both our borrowing arrangements and the loan agreements with our customers from LIBOR, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Further, we may face exposure to litigation over the nature and performance of any replacement index. The impact of alternatives to LIBOR on the valuations, pricing and operation of our financial instruments is not yet known. We face strong competition from financial services companies and other companies that offer banking services. We operate in the highly competitive financial services industry and face significant competition for customers from financial institutions located both within and beyond our principal markets. We compete with commercial banks, savings banks, credit unions, nonbank financial services companies and other financial institutions operating within or near the areas we serve. Additionally, certain large banks headquartered outside of our markets and large community banking institutions target the same customers we do. In addition, as customer preferences and expectations continue to evolve, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for banks to expand their geographic reach by providing services over the internet and for nonbanks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems. The banking industry is experiencing rapid changes in technology and, as a result, our future success will depend in part on our ability to address our customers’ needs by using technology. Customer loyalty can be influenced by a competitor’s new products, especially offerings that could provide cost savings or a higher return to the customer. We may not be able to compete successfully with other financial institutions in our markets, and we may have to pay higher interest rates to attract deposits, accept lower yields to attract loans and pay higher wages for new employees, resulting in lower net interest margins and reduced profitability. Many of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations that govern our activities and may have greater flexibility in competing for business. The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. In addition, some of our current commercial banking customers may seek alternative banking sources as they develop needs for credit facilities larger than we may be able to accommodate. Our inability to compete successfully in the markets in which we operate could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. 45 Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Industry We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and accounting principles, or changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, could adversely affect us. Banking is highly regulated under federal and state law. As such, we are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and legal requirements that govern almost all aspects of our operations. These laws and regulations are not intended to protect our shareholders. Rather, these laws and regulations are intended to protect customers, depositors, the Deposit Insurance Fund and the overall financial stability of the United States. These laws and regulations, among other matters, prescribe minimum capital requirements, impose limitations on the business activities in which we can engage, limit the dividend or distributions that the Bank can pay to the Company, restrict the ability of institutions to guarantee our debt and impose certain specific accounting requirements on us that may be more restrictive and may result in greater or earlier charges to earnings or reductions in our capital than GAAP would require. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional operating costs. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure follows good faith effort or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, enforcement actions and fines and other penalties, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, regulatory capital levels and the price of our securities. Further, any new laws, rules and regulations, such as the Dodd-Frank Act, could make compliance more difficult or expensive or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Legislative and regulatory actions taken now or in the future may increase our costs and impact our business, governance structure, financial condition or results of operations. Economic conditions that contributed to the financial crisis in 2008, particularly in the financial markets, resulted in government regulatory agencies and political bodies placing increased focus and scrutiny on the financial services industry. The Dodd-Frank Act, which was enacted in 2010 as a response to the financial crisis, significantly changed the regulation of financial institutions and the financial services industry. The Dodd-Frank Act and the regulations thereunder have affected both large and small financial institutions. The Dodd-Frank Act, among other things, imposed new capital requirements on bank holding companies; changed the base for FDIC insurance assessments to a bank’s average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity, rather than upon its deposit base; raised the standard deposit insurance limit to $250,000; and expanded the FDIC’s authority to raise insurance premiums. The Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB as an independent entity within the Federal Reserve, which has broad rulemaking authority over consumer financial products and services, including deposit products, residential mortgages, home-equity loans and credit cards, and contains provisions on mortgage-related matters, such as steering incentives, determinations as to a borrower’s ability to repay and prepayment penalties. Compliance with the Dodd-Frank Act and its implementing regulations has and may continue to result in additional operating and compliance costs that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. On May 24, 2018, President Trump signed into law the Regulatory Relief Act, which amends parts of the Dodd-Frank Act, as well as other laws that involve regulation of the financial industry. While the Regulatory Relief Act keeps in place fundamental aspects of the Dodd- Frank Act’s regulatory framework, it does make regulatory changes that are favorable to depository institutions with assets under $10 billion, such as the Bank, and to bank holding companies (“BHCs”), with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, such as the Company, and also makes changes to consumer mortgage and credit reporting regulations and to the authorities of the agencies that regulate the financial industry. These and other changes are more fully discussed under “Item 1. Business - Supervision and Regulation-The Regulatory Relief Act.” Certain provisions of the Regulatory Relief Act favorable to the Company and the Bank require the federal banking agencies to either promulgate regulations or amend existing regulations, and it may take some time for these agencies to implement the necessary regulations or amendments. 46 Federal and state regulatory agencies frequently adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are applied. Regulatory or legislative changes to laws applicable to the financial industry, if enacted or adopted, may impact the profitability of our business activities, require more oversight or change certain of our business practices, including the ability to offer new products, obtain financing, attract deposits, make loans and achieve satisfactory interest spreads and could expose us to additional costs, including increased compliance costs. These changes also may require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes to operations to comply and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Act and recent rulemaking, the Bank and the Company are subject to more stringent capital requirements. In July 2013, the U.S. federal banking authorities approved the implementation of regulatory capital reforms of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, which is referred to as Basel III, and issued rules effecting certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. Basel III is applicable to all U.S. banks that are subject to minimum capital requirements as well as to bank and saving and loan holding companies other than those subject to the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement. The Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement currently applies to certain holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $3.0 billion that do not have a material amount of SEC-registered debt or equity securities outstanding. Management believes the Corporation meets the conditions of the Federal Reserve’s Policy and is therefore excluded from consolidated capital requirements at December 31, 2019; however the Bank remains subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Relative to the capital requirements that predated it, Basel III increased most of the required minimum regulatory capital ratios and introduced a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio and the concept of a capital conservation buffer. Basel III also narrowed the definition of capital by establishing additional criteria that capital instruments must meet to be considered additional Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. The Basel III capital rules became effective as applied to the Bank on January 1, 2015 and to the Company on January 1, 2018 prior to the amendment to the Small Bank Holding Company Statement discussed above. See “Item 1. Business -Supervision and Regulation-Capital Adequacy Guidelines.” Certain ratios calculated under the Basel III rules are sensitive to changes in total deposits, including the minimum leverage ratio that is discussed further under “Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation-Capital Adequacy Guidelines.” The failure to meet applicable regulatory capital requirements could result in one or more of our regulators placing limitations or conditions on our activities, including our growth initiatives, or restricting the commencement of new activities, and could affect customer and investor confidence, our costs of funds and FDIC insurance costs, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock, our ability to make acquisitions, and our business, results of operations and financial condition. Federal banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with any supervisory actions to which we are or become subject as a result of such examinations could adversely affect us. As part of the bank regulatory process, the OCC and the Federal Reserve, periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, one of these federal banking agencies were to determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, asset sensitivity, risk management or other aspects of any of our operations have become unsatisfactory, or that the Company, the Bank or their respective management were in violation of any law or regulation, it may take a number of different remedial actions as it deems appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative actions to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in our capital levels, to restrict our 47 growth, to assess civil monetary penalties against us, the Bank or their respective officers or directors, to remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance. If we become subject to such regulatory actions, our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation could be adversely affected. Monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the U.S. money supply and credit conditions. Among the instruments used by the Federal Reserve to implement these objectives are open market purchases and sales of securities by the Federal Reserve, adjustments of both the discount rate and the federal funds rate and changes in reserve requirements against bank deposits. These instruments are used in varying combinations to influence overall economic growth and the distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits. Their use also affects interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits. The monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. Although we cannot determine the effects of such policies on us at this time, such policies could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Regulatory requirements affecting our loans secured by commercial real estate could limit our ability to leverage our capital and adversely affect our growth and profitability. The federal bank regulatory agencies have indicated their view that banks with high concentrations of loans secured by commercial real estate are subject to increased risk and should implement robust risk management policies and maintain higher capital than regulatory minimums to maintain an appropriate cushion against loss that is commensurate with the perceived risk. Federal bank regulatory guidelines identify institutions potentially exposed to commercial real estate concentration risk as those that have (i) experienced rapid growth in commercial real estate lending, (ii) notable exposure to a specific type of commercial real estate, (iii) total reported loans for construction, land development and other land loans representing 100% or more of the institution’s capital, or (iv) total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate (including construction) loans representing 300% or more of the institution’s capital if the outstanding balance of the institution’s non-owner-occupied commercial real estate (including construction) loan portfolio has increased 50% or more during the prior 36 months. At December 31, 2019, the Bank’s construction to total capital ratio was 147.7%, its total non-owner occupied commercial real estate (including construction) to total capital ratio was 341.6% and therefore exceeded the 100% and 300% regulatory guideline thresholds set forth in clauses (iii) and (iv) above. As a result, we are deemed to have a concentration in commercial real estate lending under applicable regulatory guidelines. Because a significant portion of our loan portfolio depends on commercial real estate, a change in the regulatory capital requirements applicable to us or a decline in our regulatory capital could limit our ability to leverage our capital as a result of these policies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot guarantee that any risk management practices we implement will be effective to prevent losses relating to our commercial real estate portfolio. Management has implemented controls to monitor our commercial real estate lending concentrations, but we cannot predict the extent to which this guidance will impact our operations or capital requirements. 48 Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock The price of our common stock, like many of our peers, has fluctuated significantly over the recent past and may fluctuate significantly in the future, which may make it difficult for you to resell your shares of common stock at times or at prices you find attractive. Stock price volatility may make it difficult for holders of our common stock to resell their common stock when desired and at desirable prices. There are many factors that may affect the market price and trading volume of our common stock, including, without limitation, the risks discussed elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section and: • • • • • • • • • • • actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results, financial condition or asset quality; changes in economic or business conditions; the effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve; publication of research reports about us, our competitors or the financial services industry generally, or changes in, or failure to meet, securities analysts’ estimates of our financial and operating performance, or lack of research reports by industry analysts or ceasing of coverage; operating and stock price performance of companies that investors deem comparable to us; additional or anticipated sales of our common stock or other securities by us or our existing shareholders; additions or departures of key personnel; perceptions in the marketplace regarding our competitors or us; significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by or involving our competitors or us; other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory or technological factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services; and other news, announcements or disclosures (whether by us or others) related to us, our competitors, our core markets or the financial services industry. The stock market and, in particular, the market for financial institution stocks has experienced substantial fluctuations in recent years, which in many cases have been unrelated to the operating performance and prospects of particular companies. In addition, significant fluctuations in the trading volume in our common stock may cause significant price variations to occur. Increased market volatility may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock, which could make it difficult to sell your shares at the volume, prices and times desired. The market price of our common stock could decline significantly due to actual or anticipated issuances or sales of our common stock in the future. Our board of directors may determine from time to time that we need to raise additional capital by issuing additional shares of our common stock or other securities. We are not restricted from issuing additional shares of common stock, including securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any future offerings, or the prices at which such offerings may be effected. Such offerings could 49 be dilutive to common shareholders. New investors also may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to, and that adversely affect, our then current common shareholders. Additionally, if we raise additional capital by making additional offerings of debt or preferred equity securities, upon liquidation of the Company, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock, and lenders with respect to other borrowings, will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing shareholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution.In addition, we may issue shares of our common stock or other securities from time to time as consideration for future acquisitions and investments and pursuant to compensation and incentive plans. If any such acquisition or investment is significant, the number of shares of our common stock, or the number or aggregate principal amount, as the case may be, of other securities that we may issue may be substantial. We may also grant registration rights covering shares of our common stock or other securities issued in connection with acquisitions and investments. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares of our common stock issued in connection with an acquisition or under a compensation or incentive plan), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through future sales of our securities. Our management and board of directors have significant control over our business. As of December 31, 2019, our directors, directors of the Bank, our named executive officers and their respective family members and affiliated entities beneficially owned an aggregate of 5,865,854 shares, or approximately 42.2% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Consequently, our management and board of directors may be able to significantly affect the outcome of the election of directors and the potential outcome of other matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, such as mergers, the sale of substantially all of our assets and other extraordinary corporate matters. The interests of these insiders could conflict with the interests of our other shareholders, including you. The holders of our existing debt obligations, as well as debt obligations that may be outstanding in the future, will have priority over our common stock with respect to payment in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up and with respect to the payment of interest. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, our common stock would rank below all claims of debt holders against us. As of December 31, 2019 we had outstanding approximately $13.5 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes and $2.1 million in aggregate principal amount of junior subordinated debentures issued to a statutory trust that, in turn, issued $2.0 million of trust preferred securities. Payments of the principal and interest on the trust preferred securities are conditionally guaranteed by us. Our debt obligations are senior to our shares of common stock. As a result, we must make payments on our debt obligations before any dividends can be paid on our common stock. In the event of our bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of our debt obligations must be satisfied before any distributions can be made to the holders of our common stock. To the extent that we issue additional debt obligations, the additional debt obligations will be of equal rank with, or senior to, our existing debt obligations and senior to our shares of common stock. We are dependent upon the Bank for cash flow, and the Bank’s ability to make cash distributions is restricted. Our primary asset is Capital Bank. We depend upon the Bank for cash distributions (through dividends on the Bank’s common stock) that we use to pay our operating expenses and satisfy our obligations (including our subordinated debentures and our other debt obligations). Federal statutes, regulations and policies restrict the Bank’s ability to make cash distributions to us. These statutes and regulations require, among 50 other things, that the Bank maintain certain levels of capital in order to pay a dividend. Further, the OCC has the ability to restrict the Bank’s payment of dividends by supervisory action. If the Bank is unable to pay dividends to us, we may not be able to satisfy our obligations or, if applicable, pay dividends on our common stock. Our future ability to pay dividends is subject to restrictions. Holders of our common stock are only entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. We have not paid any cash dividends on our capital stock since inception and we do not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any declaration and payment of dividends on common stock in the future will depend on regulatory restrictions, our earnings and financial condition, our liquidity and capital requirements, the general economic climate, contractual restrictions, our ability to service any equity or debt obligations senior to our common stock and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Furthermore, consistent with our strategic plans, growth initiatives, capital availability, projected liquidity needs and other factors, we have made, and will continue to make, capital management decisions and policies that could adversely affect the amount of dividends, if any, paid to our common shareholders. The Federal Reserve has indicated that bank holding companies should carefully review their dividend policy in relation to the organization’s overall asset quality, current and prospective earnings and level, composition and quality of capital. The guidance provides that we inform and consult with the Federal Reserve prior to declaring and paying a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period for which the dividend is being paid or that could result in an adverse change to our capital structure, including interest on the subordinated debt obligations, the subordinated debentures underlying our trust preferred securities and our other debt obligations. If regularly scheduled payments on our outstanding junior subordinated debentures, held by our unconsolidated subsidiary trust, or our other debt obligations, are not made or are deferred, or dividends on any preferred stock we may issue are not paid, we will be prohibited from paying dividends on our common stock. Provisions in our governing documents and Maryland law may have an anti-takeover effect, and there are substitutional regulatory limitations on changes of control of bank holding companies. Our corporate organizational documents and provisions of federal and state law to which we are subject contain certain provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, make more difficult or prevent an attempted acquisition that you may favor or an attempted replacement of our board of directors or management. Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, or Articles, and our Amended and Restated Bylaws, or Bylaws, may have an anti- takeover effect and may delay, discourage or prevent an attempted acquisition or change of control or a replacement of our board of directors or management. Our governing documents and Maryland law include provisions that: • • • • • empower our board of directors, without shareholder approval, to issue preferred stock, the terms of which, including voting power, are to be set by our board of directors; divide our board of directors into three classes serving staggered three-year terms; provide that directors may be removed from office (i) without cause but only upon a 66.67% vote of shareholders and (ii) for cause but only upon a majority shareholder vote; eliminate cumulative voting in elections of directors; permit our board of directors to alter, amend or repeal our Bylaws or to adopt new bylaws; 51 • • • • permit our board of directors to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of our common stock and preferred stock; require the request of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote at a meeting to call a special shareholders’ meeting; require shareholders that wish to bring business before annual or special meetings of shareholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of shareholders, to provide timely notice of their intent in writing; and enable our board of directors to increase, between annual meetings, the number of persons serving as directors and to fill the vacancies created as a result of the increase by a majority vote of the directors present at a meeting of directors. In addition, certain provisions of Maryland law may delay, discourage or prevent an attempted acquisition or change in control. Furthermore, banking laws impose notice, approval, and ongoing regulatory requirements on any shareholder or other party that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or its holding company. These laws include the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act, or the CBCA. These laws could delay or prevent an acquisition. Our common stock is not insured by any governmental entity. Our common stock is not a deposit account or other obligation of any bank and is not insured by the FDIC or any other governmental entity. Investment in our common stock is subject to risk, including possible loss. 52 ITEM 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our headquarters are currently located at 2275 Research Boulevard, Suite 600, Rockville, Maryland 20850. The following table summarizes pertinent details of our commercial bank branch locations, mortgage banking offices, loan production offices, or LPOs, and our credit card operations office. Our mortgage offices typically contain both origination and operations professionals. Location Owned/Leased Lease Expiration Leased 6/30/24 Type of office Commercial Branch One Church Street Suite 100 Rockville, MD 20850 2275 Research Blvd. Suite 600 Rockville, MD 20850 1776 Eye Street Washington, D.C. 20006 6000 Executive Boulevard Suite 101 North Bethesda, MD 20852 6711 Columbia Gateway Drive Suite 170 Columbia, MD 21046 110 Gibraltar Road Suite 130 Horsham, PA 19044 185 Harry S. Truman Parkway Suite 100 Annapolis, MD 21401 14231 Jarrettsville Pike Phoenix, MD 21131 1801 E Jefferson St. Rockville, MD 20852 818 Connecticut Ave Suite 900 Washington, D.C. 20006 10700 Parkridge Boulevard Suite 180 Reston, VA 20191 Sub-Leased 10/31/24 Corporate Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased 4/30/22 9/30/21 Commercial Branch Commercial Branch 5/31/22 Commercial Branch/Mortgage Office 5/31/23 OpenSky® Operations 9/30/21 2/28/22 Mortgage Office Mortgage Office Month-to-month Limited Service Branch Sub-Leased Month-to-month LPO Leased 10/31/2023 Commercial Branch and Mortgage Office 53 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. From time to time, we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to our ordinary conduct of our business. Management believes that none of these legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on the results of operations or financial condition of the Company. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. Not applicable. 54 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES PART II Shareholder Information The common stock of the Company has been publicly traded since September 2018 and is currently traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol CBNK. As of March 6, 2020, there were approximately 181 holders of record of our common stock. Dividends It is our policy to retain earnings, if any, to provide funds for use in our business. Although we have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock, our board of directors periodically reviews whether to declare or pay cash dividends taking into account, among other things, general business conditions, our financial results, future prospects, capital requirements, legal and regulatory restrictions, and such other factors as our board may deem relevant. Our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is dependent on the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company. Various statutory provisions restrict the amount of dividends that the Bank can pay without regulatory approval. For information on the statutory and regulatory limitations on the ability of the Company to pay dividends to its stockholders and on the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, see “Item 1. Business-Supervision and Regulation—Dividends” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity.” Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information as of December 31, 2019, with respect to options and RSUs outstanding and shares available for future awards under the Company’s active equity incentive plans. Plan Category Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (a) (b) (c) Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: HCNB Bancorp, Inc. 2002 Stock Option Plan Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total 438,647 $7.96 — 869,400 12.53 — 1,308,047 — $11.00 302,363 — 302,363 55 Unregistered Sales and Issuer Repurchases of Common Stock There were no unregistered sales of the Company’s stock during the fourth quarter of 2019. On April 25, 2019, the Company announced a stock repurchase program. The program enables the Company to repurchase up to $5.0 million of its outstanding common stock, and expires on December 31, 2020. During the three months ended December 31, 2019, the Company repurchased shares under the approved stock repurchase program, as reflected in the following table. Periods October 1 2019 to October 31, 2019 November 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019 December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased Average price paid per share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs — — 14.64 14.64 — $ — 7,350 7,350 $ 4,737,228 4,737,228 4,629,646 4,629,646 — $ — 7,350 7,350 $ 56 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA You should read the following selected historical consolidated financial and other data in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this report. The following tables set forth selected historical consolidated financial and other data for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Selected financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 have been derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this report. We have derived the selected financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 and 2015 from our audited financial statements not included in this filing. The information presented in the table below has been adjusted to give effect to a four-for-one stock split of our common stock completed effective August 15, 2018. The effect of the stock split on outstanding shares and per share figures has been retroactively applied to all periods presented below. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of any future period. The performance ratios, asset quality and capital ratios, mortgage metrics and credit card portfolio metrics are unaudited and derived from our audited financial statements and other financial information as of and for the periods presented. Average balances have been calculated using daily averages. The selected historical consolidated financial and other data presented below contains certain financial measures that are not presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and have not been audited. See “—GAAP Reconciliation and Management Explanation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” (Dollars are in thousands, except per share information) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Years Ended December 31, Statement of Income Data: Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Noninterest income Noninterest expense Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Net income, as adjusted(1) Balance Sheet Data: Cash and due from banks Investment securities available for sale Mortgage loans held for sale Loans, net of unearned income Core deposit intangible Assets Deposits FHLB advances and repurchase agreements Senior promissory note, due July 31, 2019 Subordinated debentures Total liabilities Total stockholders’ equity Tangible common equity(2) 69,127 $ 11,239 57,888 2,140 16,124 54,123 17,749 4,982 12,767 12,767 10,431 $ 46,932 18,526 1,002,260 — 1,105,058 955,240 5,332 — 15,393 990,494 114,564 114,564 56,666 $ 7,755 48,911 2,655 15,149 47,306 14,099 6,990 7,109 11,293 8,189 $ 54,029 26,344 887,420 — 1,026,009 904,899 13,260 2,000 15,361 945,890 80,119 80,119 49,243 $ 6,484 42,759 4,291 20,473 43,380 15,561 6,120 9,441 9,441 4,827 $ 47,985 49,167 763,430 — 905,600 790,924 15,659 2,000 15,327 834,853 70,748 70,748 38,254 4,578 33,676 1,609 14,929 34,817 12,179 4,687 7,492 7,492 4,129 39,175 38,878 639,350 17 743,429 629,817 23,440 5,000 18,629 683,772 59,657 59,640 $ $ 83,354 $ 15,842 67,512 2,791 24,518 66,525 22,715 5,819 16,895 16,895 10,530 $ 60,828 71,030 1,173,525 — 1,428,495 1,225,421 32,222 — 15,423 1,295,164 133,331 133,331 57 (Dollars are in thousands, except per share information) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Years Ended December 31, Selected Performance Ratios: Return on average assets (ROAA) Return on average assets, as adjusted(1) Return on average equity (ROAE) Return on average equity, as adjusted(1) Return on average tangible common equity (ROATCE)(2)(3)(4) Return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted(1)(2) Net interest margin (3) Net interest margin, as adjusted(1)(2)(3) Net interest margin, excluding credit cards (3) Noninterest income / average assets Noninterest expense / average assets Net operating expense / average assets Efficiency ratio (4) Efficiency ratio, as adjusted (1)(4) Loan yield (5) Loan yield, excluding credit card portfolio(5) Per Share Data:(6) Common shares issued and outstanding Basic weighted average shares outstanding Diluted weighted average shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share(7) Diluted earnings per share, as adjusted(1)(2)(7) Book value per share Tangible book value per share(2) Non-Performing Assets: Non-performing loans Troubled debt restructurings Foreclosed real estate Non-performing assets Asset Quality Ratios: Non-performing assets / assets Non-performing loans / loans (8) Non-performing assets / loans (8) + foreclosed real estate Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans(8) Allowance for loan losses to total loans 1.38% 1.22% 0.74% 1.13% 1.10% 1.38 13.66 13.66 13.66 13.66 5.60 5.60 4.26 2.01 5.45 3.44 72.29 72.29 7.37 5.91 1.22 13.94 13.94 13.94 13.94 5.59 5.59 4.28 1.54 5.18 3.63 73.13 73.13 7.16 5.76 1.17 9.29 14.75 9.29 14.75 5.12 5.37 4.31 1.57 4.90 3.33 73.85 67.79 6.44 5.57 1.13 14.39 14.39 14.41 14.41 5.18 5.18 4.53 2.46 5.21 2.75 68.60 68.60 6.45 5.76 1.10 13.90 13.90 13.94 13.94 5.02 5.02 4.60 2.20 5.12 2.93 71.63 71.63 6.18 5.78 13,894,842 13,733,131 13,968,585 13,672,479 12,116,459 12,462,138 11,537,196 11,144,696 11,261,132 10,963,132 11,428,000 11,289,044 10,225,780 9,620,080 10,488,036 $ $ 1.23 1.21 1.21 9.60 9.60 4,720 459 2,384 7,104 $ $ 1.05 1.02 1.02 8.38 8.38 $ 4,679 $ 284 142 4,821 0.63 0.62 0.99 6.94 6.94 5,407 3,811 93 5,500 $ $ 0.86 0.84 0.84 6.35 6.35 $ 4,518 $ 941 90 4,608 0.50% 0.44% 0.54% 0.51% 0.40 0.60 0.08 1.14 0.47 0.48 0.09 1.13 0.61 0.62 0.15 1.13 0.59 0.60 0.33 1.13 0.78 0.74 0.74 5.83 5.83 5,775 2,422 203 5,978 0.80% 0.90 0.94 0.10 1.03 Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans 281.80 241.72 185.57 190.32 113.83 Bank Capital Ratios: Tier 1 leverage ratio Common equity tier 1 capital Tier 1 risk-based capital Total risk-based capital ratio Common equity to total assets 8.65 % 9.06 % 8.55% 8.86 % 9.51 % 10.73 10.73 11.98 9.33 11.00 11.00 12.25 8.89 10.78 10.78 12.03 8.46 11.12 11.12 12.37 8.94 11.35 11.35 12.51 9.38 58 (Dollars are in thousands, except per share information) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Composition of Loans Held for Investment: Years Ended December 31, Residential real estate Commercial real estate Construction real estate Commercial Credit card Other consumer Composition of Deposits Noninterest bearing Interest bearing demand Savings Money Markets Time Deposits Capital Bank Home Loan Metrics Origination of loans held for sale Proceeds from loans held for sale, net of mortgage banking revenue Purchase volume as a % of originations Gross proceeds from the sale of loans Gain on sale as a % of loan sold OpenSky Credit Card Portfolio Metrics Total active customer accounts Total loans Total deposits at the Bank $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 427,926 348,091 198,702 151,109 46,412 1,285 291,778 174,166 3,675 429,078 326,725 407,844 278,691 157,586 122,264 34,673 1,202 293,378 186,422 3,994 313,131 315,520 $ $ 342,684 259,853 144,932 108,982 31,507 1,053 $ 286,332 234,869 134,540 87,563 20,446 1,157 $ 175,707 $ 141,525 $ 69,455 3,365 282,840 315,979 50,628 3,326 252,486 264,626 $ 593,189 $ 337,122 $ 418,912 $ 853,674 $ 540,686 344,940 441,960 844,464 51.89% 15,955 $ 2.95% 79.43% $ 9,477 2.75% 52.50% 10,377 $ 2.01% 18.79% 15,373 $ 1.82% 225,185 190,776 129,304 79,003 13,812 2,233 112,538 39,856 2,613 184,615 222,436 754,965 759,350 22.51% 11,541 1.52% 223,379 46,412 78,223 $ $ 169,981 34,673 59,954 $ $ 149,226 31,507 53,625 $ $ 96,404 20,446 39,062 $ $ 63,398 13,812 27,849 _______________ (1) Presentation of this financial measure as of or for the year ended December 31, 2017 excludes the effects of certain non-recurring expenses incurred with the conversion of our credit card processing systems and the revaluation of our deferred tax assets due to the effects of the Tax Act. See “—GAAP Reconciliation and Management Explanation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of this financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure. (2) This financial measure is not recognized under GAAP and is therefore considered to be a non-GAAP measure. See “—GAAP Reconciliation and Management Explanation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of this financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure. (3) Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest earning assets for the same period. (4) Efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing noninterest expense by net interest income plus noninterest income. (5) (6) Gives effect to a four-for-one stock split of our common stock completed effective August 15, 2018. The effect of the stock split on outstanding shares and per share figures Includes non-accrual loans and loans 90 days and more past due. has been retroactively applied to all periods presented. (7) Calculations of diluted earnings per share before bargain purchase gain, diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per share, as adjusted, include interest on convertible debt. (8) Loans exclude loans held for sale at each of the dates presented. 59 GAAP Reconciliation and Management Explanation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, we also evaluate our performance based on certain additional financial measures discussed in this report as being “non-GAAP financial measures.” We classify a financial measure as a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are not included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the United States in our statements of income, balance sheets or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios that are calculated using exclusively financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. This report includes certain non-GAAP financial measures for the year ended December 31, 2017 in order to present our results of operations for that period on a basis consistent with our historical operations. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we undertook a conversion of our credit card portfolio system to further scale our OpenSky® credit card division. The one-time expense related to this data processing system conversion was approximately $2.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2017. As a result of the conversion, we refunded or did not charge our OpenSky® customers for 60 days of interest and applicable fees on their accounts, which resulted in a loss of revenue of approximately $2.4 million. This forbearance of certain interest and fees on customers’ accounts was conducted in accordance with the safe harbor provisions of the Truth in Lending Act as implemented by Regulation Z. The provisions of Regulation Z address, among other areas, open-end credit, such as credit cards or home equity lines, and closed-end credit, such as car loans or mortgages, as well as certain administrative matters such as a change to the payment address. In connection with the conversion of our credit card portfolio system, the address for the payment of principal, interest and fees related to our credit card portfolio was changed and, accordingly, we did not assess certain interest and fees on customers’ accounts for a period of 60 days during the fourth quarter of 2017 in accordance with the safe harbor provisions of Regulation Z. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows computed in accordance with GAAP. However, non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations, are not necessarily comparable to GAAP measures and should not be considered in isolation or viewed as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate non-GAAP financial measures may differ from that of other companies reporting non-GAAP measures with similar names. You should understand how such other companies calculate their financial measures that may be similar or have names that are similar to the non-GAAP financial measures discussed herein when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures. Our management uses the non-GAAP financial measures set forth below in its analysis of our performance. • • • “Net interest margin, as adjusted” is a non-GAAP measure herein defined as net interest income, plus non-recurring foregone interest and fees, divided by average interest earning assets. “Net income, as adjusted” is a non-GAAP measure herein defined as net income, less bargain purchase gain (net of taxes), plus non-recurring foregone interest and fees, plus non-recurring data processing expenses, plus non-recurring deferred tax revaluation and less the tax impact of conversion-related items. “Efficiency ratio, as adjusted” is a non-GAAP measure herein defined as total noninterest expense, less non-recurring data processing expenses, divided by the sum of net interest income, noninterest income and non-recurring foregone interest and fees. 60 • • • • • • • “Diluted earnings per share, as adjusted” is a non-GAAP measure herein defined as net income, less bargain purchase gain (net of taxes), plus non-recurring foregone interest and fees, plus non-recurring data processing expenses, plus non-recurring deferred tax revaluation, less the tax impact of conversion-related items, divided by the diluted weighted average shares outstanding. “Return on average assets, as adjusted” is a non-GAAP measure herein defined as net income, less bargain purchase gain (net of taxes), plus non-recurring foregone interest and fees, plus non-recurring data processing expenses, plus non-recurring deferred tax revaluation, less the tax impact of conversion-related items, divided by average total assets. “Return on average equity, as adjusted” is a non-GAAP measure herein defined as net income, less bargain purchase gain (net of taxes), plus non-recurring foregone interest and fees, plus non-recurring data processing expenses, plus non-recurring deferred tax revaluation, less the tax impact of conversion-related items, divided by average total equity. “Tangible common equity” is a non-GAAP measure defined as total stockholders’ equity, less intangible assets. “Return on average tangible common equity” is a non-GAAP measure herein defined as net income, less bargain purchase gain (net of taxes), plus the amortization of intangible assets (net of taxes), divided by average total equity net of average intangible assets. “Return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted” is a non-GAAP measure herein defined as net income, less bargain purchase gain (net of taxes), plus non-recurring foregone interest and fees, plus non-recurring data processing expenses, plus non- recurring deferred tax revaluation, less the tax impact of conversion-related items, plus the amortization of intangible assets (net of taxes), divided by average total equity, net of average intangible assets. “Tangible book value per share” is a non-GAAP measure defined as total stockholders’ equity, less intangible assets, divided by shares of common stock outstanding. The following reconciliation table provides a more detailed analysis of these non-GAAP financial measures: (Dollars are in thousands, except per share information) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Years Ended December 31, Net Interest Margin, as adjusted: Net interest income Add: Non-recurring foregone interest and fees Adjusted net interest income Divide by average interest earning assets Net interest margin, as adjusted Net Income, as adjusted: Net income Add: Non-recurring foregone interest and fees Add: Non-recurring data processing expenses Add: Non-recurring deferred tax revaluation Less: Tax impact of conversion related items(1) Net income, as adjusted $ 67,512 $ 57,888 $ 48,911 $ 42,759 $ — — 67,512 57,888 1,204,863 1,035,731 2,370 51,281 955,479 — 42,759 825,676 33,676 — 33,676 671,275 5.60% 5.59% 5.37% 5.18% 5.02% $ 16,895 $ 12,767 $ — — — — — — — — 7,109 2,370 2,275 1,386 (1,847) $ 9,441 $ 7,492 — — — — — — — — $ 16,895 $ 12,767 $ 11,293 $ 9,441 $ 7,492 61 (Dollars are in thousands, except per share information) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Years Ended December 31, Efficiency Ratio, as adjusted: Noninterest expense $ 66,525 $ 54,123 $ 47,306 $ 43,380 $ Less: Non-recurring data processing expenses — — Adjusted noninterest expense Net interest income Add: Noninterest income Add: Non-recurring foregone interest and fees Divide by adjusted revenue Efficiency ratio, as adjusted 66,525 67,512 24,518 — 92,030 72.29% 54,123 57,888 16,124 — 74,012 73.13% 2,275 45,031 48,911 15,149 2,370 66,430 67.79% — 43,380 42,759 20,473 — 63,232 68.60% 34,817 — 34,817 33,676 14,929 — 48,605 71.63% Diluted Earnings per Share, as adjusted: Net income, as adjusted Add: Convertible debt interest expense Net income for diluted earnings per share, as adjusted $ 16,895 $ 12,767 $ 11,293 $ — 16,895 — — 12,767 $ 11,293 $ 9,441 $ — 9,441 $ 7,492 281 7,773 Diluted weighted average shares outstanding(2) 13,968,585 12,462,138 11,428,000 11,289,044 10,488,036 Diluted earnings per share, as adjusted(2) $ 1.21 $ 1.02 $ 0.99 $ 0.84 $ 0.74 Return on Average Assets, as adjusted: Net income, as adjusted Divide by average total assets Return on average assets, as adjusted Return on Average Equity, as adjusted: Net income, as adjusted Divide by average total equity Return on average equity, as adjusted Tangible Common Equity: Total stockholders’ equity Less: intangible assets Tangible common equity Return on Average Tangible Common Equity: Net income Less: Bargain purchase gain, net of taxes Add: Intangible asset amortization, net of taxes Net income excluding intangible amortization, as adjusted Average total equity Less: average intangible assets Divide by average tangible common equity Return on average tangible common equity $ 16,895 $ 12,767 $ 11,293 $ 9,441 $ 1,219,909 1,045,732 964,946 832,619 1.38% 1.22% 1.17% 1.13% $ 16,895 $ 12,767 $ 11,293 $ 9,441 $ 123,657 13.66% 91,590 13.94% 76,543 14.75% 65,590 14.39% 7,492 679,595 1.10% 7,492 53,883 13.90% $ $ 133,331 $ 114,564 $ 80,119 $ 70,748 $ — — — — 133,331 $ 114,564 $ 80,119 $ 70,748 $ 59,657 17 59,640 $ 16,895 $ 12,767 $ 7,109 $ 9,441 $ — — 12,767 91,590 — 91,590 13.94% — — 7,109 76,543 — 76,543 9.29% — 10 9,451 65,590 8 65,582 14.41% — — 16,895 123,657 — 123,657 13.66% 62 7,492 — 14 7,506 53,883 26 53,857 13.94% Years Ended December 31, (Dollars are in thousands, except per share information) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Return on Average Tangible Common Equity, as adjusted: Net income, as adjusted $ 16,895 $ 12,767 $ 11,293 $ 9,441 $ Add: Intangible asset amortization, net of taxes Net income excluding intangible amortization, as adjusted Average total equity Less: average intangible assets Divide by average tangible common equity Return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted — 16,895 123,657 — 123,657 13.66% — 12,767 91,590 — 91,590 13.94% — 11,293 76,543 — 76,543 14.75% 10 9,451 65,590 8 65,582 14.41% 7,492 14 7,506 53,883 26 53,857 13.94% Tangible Book Value per Share: Total stockholders’ equity Less: intangible assets Tangible common equity Divide by shares of common stock outstanding(2) Tangible book value per share(2) $ $ $ 133,331 $ 114,564 $ 80,119 $ 70,748 $ — — — — 133,331 $ 114,564 $ 80,119 $ 70,748 $ 59,657 17 59,640 13,894,842 13,672,479 11,537,196 11,144,696 10,225,780 9.60 $ 8.38 $ 6.94 $ 6.35 $ 5.83 _______________ (1) Assumes an income tax rate of 39.75% for the year ended December 31, 2017, which is tax expense exclusive of the effect of the deferred tax revaluation. (2) Gives effect to a four-for-one stock split of our common stock completed effective August 15, 2018. The effect of the stock split on outstanding shares and per share figures has been retroactively applied to all periods presented. 63 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis is intended as a review of significant factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes. The discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including but not limited to those set forth under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 Net Income The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated. (in thousands) Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Net interest income after provision Noninterest income Noninterest expense Net income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 % Change $ $ 83,354 $ 15,842 67,512 2,791 64,721 24,518 66,525 22,714 5,819 16,895 $ 69,127 11,239 57,888 2,140 55,748 16,124 54,123 17,749 4,982 12,767 20.6% 41.0% 16.6% 30.4% 16.1% 52.1% 22.9% 28.0% 16.8% 32.3% Net income for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $16.9 million, an increase of $4.1 million, or 32%, from net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $12.8 million. The increase was primarily the result of the $142.6 million increase in average loans outstanding year over year. The increase in loan volume resulted in an increase of $10.4 million of loan interest income. Net Interest Income and Net Margin Analysis Net interest income is the difference between interest income on earning assets and the cost of funds supporting those assets. Earning assets are composed primarily of loans, loans held for sale, investment securities, and interest bearing deposits with banks. The cost of funds represents interest expense on deposits, and borrowings, which consist of federal funds purchased, advances from the FHLB and subordinated notes. Noninterest bearing deposits and capital are other components representing funding sources. We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and control the interest expenses of our liabilities, measured as net interest income, through our net interest margin and net interest spread. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest earning assets for the same period. Net interest spread is the difference between average interest rates earned on interest earning assets and average interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities. Changes in market interest rates and the interest rates we earn on interest earning assets or pay on interest 64 bearing liabilities, as well as in the volume and mix of interest earning assets, interest bearing and noninterest bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest income, net interest margin and net interest spread. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas, as well as developments affecting the real estate, technology, government services, hospitality and tourism and financial services sectors within our target markets and throughout the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Our ability to respond to changes in these factors by using effective asset-liability management techniques is critical to maintaining the stability of our net interest income and net interest margin as our primary sources of earnings. 65 The table below presents the average balances and rates of the major categories of the Company’s assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Included in the table is a measurement of interest rate spread and margin. Interest rate spread is the difference (expressed as a percentage) between the interest rate earned on earning assets less the interest expense on interest bearing liabilities. While the interest rate spread provides a quick comparison of earnings rates versus cost of funds, management believes that the net interest margin provides a better measurement of performance. The net interest margin (as compared to the net interest spread) includes the effect of noninterest bearing sources in its calculation and is net interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets. As the table shows, the increase in net interest income in 2019 as compared to 2018 was primarily a function of an increase in the volume of earning assets and particularly loans. AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET AND NET INTEREST ANALYSIS Average Outstanding Balance 2019 Interest Income/ Expense Average Yield/ Rate Average Outstanding Balance 2018 Interest Income/ Expense Average Yield/ Rate Average Outstanding Balance 2017 Interest Income/ Expense Average Yield/ Rate Years Ended December 31, $ $ $ 832 50 924 243 2,899 78,406 83,354 47,762 $ 2,733 41,130 4,334 44,483 1,064,421 1,204,863 15,046 1,219,909 1.74% $ 1.83% 2.25% 5.61% 6.52% 7.37% 6.92% $ 41,858 $ 1,537 50,074 2,724 17,715 921,823 1,035,731 10,001 1,045,732 687 27 1,041 143 1,569 65,660 69,127 1.64% $ 1.76% 2.08% 5.25% 8.86% 7.12% 6.67% $ 109,977 $ 3,597 344,272 302,149 59,387 819,382 672 13 5,822 7,182 2,153 15,842 0.61% $ 0.36% 1.69% 2.38% 3.63% 1.93% 72,523 $ 3,704 286,257 326,827 34,558 723,869 210 12 3,797 5,773 1,447 11,239 0.29% $ 0.32% 1.33% 1.77% 4.19% 1.56% 16,144 260,726 123,657 1,219,909 $ 67,512 $ 4.99% 5.60% 4.26% 9,828 220,445 91,590 1,045,732 $ 57,888 $ 5.11% 5.59% 4.28% 480 14 1,068 108 862 54,134 56,666 154 5 2,477 3,798 1,321 7,755 45,385 $ 1,451 52,419 2,521 22,410 831,293 955,479 9,467 964,946 69,455 $ 3,365 282,840 315,979 32,893 704,532 8,164 175,707 76,543 964,946 $ 48,911 1.06% 0.96% 2.04% 4.28% 3.85% 6.51% 5.93% 0.22% 0.15% 0.88% 1.20% 4.02% 1.10% 4.83% 5.12% 4.31% (in thousands) Assets Interest earning assets: Interest bearing deposits Federal funds sold Investment securities Restricted investments Loans held for sale Loans(1)(2) Total interest earning assets Noninterest earning assets Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Interest bearing liabilities: Interest bearing demand accounts Savings Money market accounts Time deposits Borrowed funds Total interest bearing liabilities Noninterest bearing liabilities: Noninterest bearing liabilities Noninterest bearing deposits Stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ Net interest spread(3) Net interest income Net interest margin(4) Net interest margin excluding credit card portfolio _______________ Includes nonaccrual loans. Interest income includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs. (1) (2) (3) Net interest spread is the difference between interest rates earned on interest earning assets and interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities. (4) Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest earning assets for the same period. 66 Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income The rate/volume table below presents the composition of the change in net interest income for the periods indicated, as allocated between the change in net interest income due to changes in the volume of average earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, and the changes in net interest income due to changes in interest rates. The increase in net interest income in 2018 relative to 2017 was primarily due to an increase in both the yield on and volume of interest earning assets, and particularly loans. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been proportionately allocated to both volume and rate. ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME (In thousands) Interest Income: Interest bearing deposits $ Federal funds sold Investment securities Restricted stock Loans held for sale Loans Total interest income Interest Expense: Interest bearing demand accounts Savings Money market accounts Time deposits Borrowed funds Total interest expense Net interest income Year Ended December 31, 2019 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to the Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Change Due To Volume Rate Interest Variance Change Due To Volume Rate Interest Variance 101 $ 22 (213) 90 1,612 10,441 12,053 147 — 859 (394) 868 1,480 44 $ 1 96 10 (282) 2,305 2,174 315 1 1,166 1,803 (162) 3,123 145 $ 23 (117) 100 1,330 12,746 14,227 (34) $ 1 (49) 9 (136) 5,957 5,748 462 1 2,025 1,409 706 4,603 7 1 30 136 68 242 241 $ 12 22 26 843 5,569 6,713 49 6 1,290 1,839 58 3,242 $ 10,573 $ (949) $ 9,624 $ 5,506 $ 3,471 $ 207 13 (27) 35 707 11,526 12,461 56 7 1,320 1,975 126 3,484 8,977 Net interest income increased by $9.6 million to $67.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018, primarily as a result of the growth in average earning assets of 16.3%. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, our average interest-earning assets increased by $169.1 million, compared to the prior year. In addition to the average earning asset growth in 2019, year over year net interest income was bolstered by an increase in the average yield on our interest-earning assets of 25 basis points. Net interest margin increased 1 basis point to 5.60% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 from 5.59% for the twelve months ended 2018. The Company was able to improve its average loan yield in 2019 to 7.4% as compared to 7.1% in 2018. These levels are the result of disciplined loan pricing practices. The Company believes its net interest margin remains favorable as compared to its peer banking companies Average total interest earning assets were $1.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared with $1.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018. The yield on those interest earning assets increased 25 basis points to 6.92% for 2019 compared to 6.67% for 2018. The increase in the average balance of interest earning assets was driven almost entirely by growth in the average balance of the loan portfolio of $142.6 million, or 15.5%, to $1.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $921.8 million for year ended December 31, 2018. Average interest bearing liabilities increased by $95.5 million to $819.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $723.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was due to an 67 increase in the average balance of interest bearing demand accounts of $37.5 million, or 51.6%, an increase in money market accounts of $58.0 million, or 20.3% and an increase in the average balance of borrowed funds of $24.8 million, or 71.8%. compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 balances. Deposits are the primary funding source for the Company. The average interest rate paid on interest bearing liabilities increased to 1.93% for 2019 compared to 1.56% for 2018. While the average interest rate paid on interest bearing deposits increased 32 basis points, the average interest rate paid on borrowed funds decreased by 36 basis points. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s net interest margin was 5.60% and net interest spread was 4.99% compared to 5.59% and 5.11% for 2018. Provision for Loan Losses The provision for loan losses represents the amount of expense charged to current earnings to fund the allowance for loan losses. The amount of the allowance for credit losses is based on many factors which reflect management’s assessment of the risk in the loan portfolio. Those factors include historical losses, economic conditions and trends, the value and adequacy of collateral, volume and mix of the portfolio, performance of the portfolio, and internal loan processes of the Company and Bank. For a detailed description of the factors taken into account by our management in determining the allowance for loan losses see “Financial Condition—Allowance for Loan Losses.” For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $2.8 million, compared to $2.1 million for the previous year. The increase in the provision for 2019 compared to 2018 was primarily due to growth in the loan portfolio and an increase in classified loans. Year over year our allowance for loan losses as a percent of total loans remained relatively steady at 1.14% at December 31, 2019 and 1.13% at December 31, 2018. Net charge-offs for 2019 amounted to $799 thousand, representing 0.08% of average loans, compared to $865 thousand for 2018. Included in the net charge-offs for 2019 were $331 thousand and $442 thousand for commercial loans and credit cards, respectively. The credit card portfolio charge-offs represented 55.4% and 73.6% of total charge-offs, respectively, for the periods presented. The maintenance of a high quality loan portfolio, with an adequate allowance for possible credit losses, will continue to be a primary management objective for the Company. Noninterest Income Our primary sources of recurring noninterest income are service charges on deposit accounts, credit card fees, such as interchange fees and statement fees, and gain on sale of residential mortgage loans and other mortgage banking revenue. Noninterest income does not include (i) loan origination fees to the extent they exceed the direct loan origination costs, which are generally recognized over the life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield using the interest method or (ii) annual, renewal and late fees related to our credit card portfolio, which are generally recognized over the twelve month life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield using the interest method. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income: NONINTEREST INCOME (in thousands) Noninterest income: Service charges on deposit accounts Credit card fees Mortgage banking revenue Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities available for sale Loss on sale of foreclosed real estate Loss on disposal of premises and equipment Other fees and charges Total noninterest income Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 % Change $ $ 542 $ 7,602 15,955 26 — — 393 24,518 $ 484 6,048 9,477 (2) (21) (276) 414 16,124 12.0 % 25.7 % 68.4 % NM NM NM (5.1)% 52.1 % 68 Noninterest income for the the year ended December 31, 2019 was $24.5 million, a $8.4 million or 52.1% increase compared to noninterest income of $16.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase is largely due to increases in credit card fees and mortgage banking revenue. Credit card fees increased $1.6 million, or 25.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $7.6 million compared to $6.0 million for 2018 . This increase was primarily due to an increase in outstanding cards accounts to 223 thousand at December 31, 2019, compared to 170 thousand at December 31, 2018, an increase of 53 thousand accounts, or 31.4%. Mortgage banking revenue increased $6.5 million, or 68.4%, during 2019 to $16.0 million compared to 2018 revenue of $9.5 million, primarily as a result of an increase in mortgage origination volume driven by the favorable mortgage refinancing market in 2019. Year over year mortgage originations increased to $593.2 million from prior year originations of $337.1 million, a 76.0% increase. Mortgage loans sold are subject to repurchase in circumstances where documentation is deficient or the underlying loan becomes delinquent or pays off within a specified period following loan funding and sale. The Bank considers these potential recourse provisions to be a risk and has established a reserve under generally accepted accounting principles for possible repurchases. The reserve amounted to $184 thousand at December 31, 2019, compared to $106 thousand for the same period in 2018. The Bank does not originate “sub-prime” loans and has no exposure to this market segment Noninterest Expense Generally, noninterest expense is composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, obtaining and retaining customer relationships and providing bank services. The largest component of noninterest expense is salaries and employee benefits. Noninterest expense also includes operational expenses, such as occupancy and equipment expenses, professional fees, advertising expenses, loan processing expenses and other general and administrative expenses, including FDIC assessments, communications, travel, meals, training, supplies and postage. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense: NONINTEREST EXPENSE (in thousands) Noninterest expense: Salaries and employee benefits Occupancy and equipment Professional fees Data processing Advertising Loan processing Other real estate expense, net Other operating Total noninterest expense Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 % Change $ $ 32,586 $ 4,360 2,871 15,512 2,066 1,894 122 7,114 66,525 $ 25,164 4,319 2,124 14,184 1,460 1,077 28 5,767 54,123 29.5% 0.9% 35.2% 9.4% 41.5% 75.9% NM 23.4% 22.9% Noninterest expense was $66.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $12.4 million, or 22.9%, compared to $54.1 million for 2018. The increase was driven primarily by increases in salaries and benefits, which includes commissions paid on mortgage originations. In 2019, as a result of robust mortgage originations, commissions were $5.4 million, compared to $2.8 million in 2018, an increase of 88.5%. The increase in professional fees resulted primarily from increased audit and other outside services related to being a public company. Other operating expenses increased as a result of increases in marketing, losses from credit card fraud and director fees. Income Tax Expense The amount of income tax expense we incur is influenced by our pre-tax income and our other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at current income tax rates in effect for the period 69 in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense was $5.8 million for 2019 compared to $5.0 million for 2018. Our effective tax rates for those periods were 25.6% and 28.1%, respectively. Financial Condition Total assets at December 31, 2019 were $1.43 billion, a 29.3% increase as compared to $1.1 billion at December 31, 2018. Total loans (excluding mortgage loans held for sale) were $1.2 billion at December 31, 2019, a 17.1% increase as compared to $970.4 million at December 31, 2018. Loans held for sale amounted to $71.0 million at December 31, 2019 as compared to $18.5 million for the same period in 2018, a 283.4% increase year over year. Total borrowed funds at December 31, 2019, were $47.6 million compared to $17.4 million at December 31, 2018. In 2019, in an effort to reduce funding costs, manage liquidity and mitigate interest rate risk, the Company acquired a long term $40 million FHLB Principal Reducing Fixed Rate Advance to reduce our reliance on Daily Rate Credit advances. As of December 31, 2019, $32.2 million of the advance remains outstanding. Deposits were $1.23 billion at December 31, 2019, an increase of $270.2 million, a 28.3% as compared to $955.2 million at December 31, 2018. The growth in the portfolio was primarily due to an increase in the interest bearing demand account category. The Company continues to execute on its strategic initiative to improve the deposit portfolio mix by reducing reliance on wholesale time deposits. Accordingly, wholesale time deposits decreased by $26.3 million or 13.6% to $167.0 million at December 31, 2019, from $193.3 million at December 31, 2018. Stockholders’ equity increased $18.8 million, or 16%, to $133.3 million at December 31, 2019, compared to $114.6 million at December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to 2019 earnings of $16.9 million and proceeds from exercise of stock options of $1.5 million. Shares repurchased and retired in 2019 as part of the Company’s stock repurchase program totaled 28,480 shares at a weighted average price of $13.53 for a total cost of $371 thousand including commissions. As of December 31, 2019, the Bank’s capital ratios continued to exceed the regulatory requirements for a “well capitalized” institution. Interest Bearing Deposits at Other Financial Institutions As of December 31, 2019, interest bearing deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond increased by $80.4 million million, or 365.5%, to $102.4 million from a balance of $22.0 million at December 31, 2018. The Bank increased liquidity in the fourth quarter of 2019 to continue re-balancing the deposit portfolio, to fund loan growth and to bolster its investment portfolio. Excess liquidity will be deployed in early 2020 for the same purposes. Securities The Company uses its securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements. Management classifies investment securities as either held to maturity or available for sale based on our intentions and the Company’s ability to hold such securities until maturity. In determining such classifications, securities that management has the positive intent and the Company has the ability to hold until maturity are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost. All other securities are designated as available for sale and carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in stockholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. For the years presented, all securities were classified as available for sale. Our investment portfolio totaled $60.8 million at December 31, 2019, a 29.6% increase from $46.9 million at December 31, 2018. To supplement interest income earned on our loan portfolio, The Company invests 70 in high quality mortgage-backed securities, government agency bonds, high quality municipal and corporate bonds. The following tables summarize the contractual maturities and weighted-average yields of investment securities at December 31, 2019 and the amortized cost and carrying value of those securities as of the indicated dates. INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO One Year or Less More Than One Year Through Five Years More Than Five Years Through 10 Years More Than 10 Years Total At December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Securities Available for Sale: U.S. government-sponsored agencies Municipal Corporate bonds Mortgage-backed securities Total Book Value Weighted Average Yield Book Value Weighted Average Yield Book Value Weighted Average Yield Book Value Weighted Average Yield Book Value $ $ 1,000 — 542 — 1,542 1.45% $ —% 4.77% —% 2.62% $ — — — — — — —% $ — —% 2,000 —% —% 18,391 —% $ 20,391 — —% $ 515 —% — 5.50% 2.07% 38,363 2.40% $ 38,878 —% $ 1,000 $ 515 2,542 56,754 2.50% —% 2.42% 2.42% $ 60,811 $ 2019 December 31, 2018 Fair Value Weighted Average Yield 1.45% 2.50% 5.34% 2.13% 2.25% 999 528 2,565 56,736 60,828 2017 (in thousands) Securities Available for Sale: U.S. government-sponsored agencies Municipal Corporate bonds Mortgage-backed securities Total Loan Portfolio Book Value Fair Value Book Value Fair Value Book Value Fair Value $ $ 1,000 $ 515 2,542 56,754 60,811 $ 999 $ 528 2,565 56,736 60,828 $ 17,496 $ 517 2,908 26,836 47,757 $ 17,360 $ 501 2,885 26,186 46,932 $ 17,489 $ 518 3,060 33,310 54,377 $ 17,370 515 3,077 33,067 54,029 Our primary source of income is derived from interest earned on loans. Our loan portfolio consists of loans secured by real estate, commercial business loans and credit card loans, substantially all of which are secured by corresponding deposits at the Bank and, to a very limited extent, other consumer loans. Our loan customers primarily consist of small- to medium-sized businesses, professionals, real estate investors, small residential builders and individuals. Our owner-occupied and investment commercial real estate loans, residential construction loans and commercial business loans provide us with higher risk-adjusted returns, shorter maturities and more sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations, and are complemented by our relatively lower risk residential real estate loans to individuals. To a lesser but growing extent, our credit card portfolio supplements our traditional lending products with enhanced yields. Our lending activities are principally directed to our market area consisting of the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. 71 The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates indicated: COMPOSITION OF LOAN PORTFOLIO (in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 2019 2018 December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total gross loans $ 427,926 348,091 198,702 151,109 46,412 1,285 1,173,525 Unearned income Total loans, net of unearned income Allowance for loan losses Total net loans (2,404) 1,171,121 (13,301) $ 1,157,820 36% $ 30% 17% 13% 4% 0% 100% 407,844 278,691 157,586 122,264 34,673 1,202 1,002,260 (1,992) 1,000,268 (11,308) 988,960 $ 28 16 41% $ 342,684 259,853 144,932 108,982 31,507 1,053 889,011 3 — 100% 12 (1,591) 887,420 (10,033) $ 877,387 39% 29 16 12 4 — 100% 286,332 234,869 134,540 87,563 20,446 1,157 764,907 (1,477) 763,430 (8,597) 754,833 37% 31 18 11 3 — 100% 225,185 190,776 129,304 79,003 13,812 2,233 640,313 (963) 639,350 (6,573) $ 632,777 35% 30 20 12 2 1 100% Residential Real Estate Loans. We offer one-to-four family mortgage loans primarily on owner-occupied primary residences and, to a lesser extent, investor owned residences. Residential loans are originated through our commercial sales teams and our Capital Bank Home Loan division. Our residential loans also include home equity lines of credit. Our owner-occupied residential real estate loans usually have fixed rates for five or seven years and adjust on an annual basis after the initial term based on a typical maturity of 30 years. Our investor residential real estate loans are generally based on 25-year terms with a balloon payment due after five years. In general, the required minimum debt service coverage ratio is 1.15. Residential real estate loans have represented a stable and growing portion of our loan portfolio. The Company intends to continue to emphasize residential real estate lending. Commercial Real Estate Loans. The Company originates both owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans. These loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Commercial loans that are secured by owner-occupied commercial real estate and primarily collateralized by operating cash flows are also included in this category of loans. As of December 31, 2019, The Company had approximately $165.4 million of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, representing approximately 47.5% of our commercial real estate portfolio. Commercial real estate loan terms are generally extended for 10 years or less and amortize generally over 25 years or less. The interest rates on our commercial real estate loans have an initial fixed rate terms that adjust typically at 5 years. Origination fees are routinely charged for our services. The Company generally requires personal guarantees from the principal owners of the business, supported by a review of the principal owners’ personal financial statements and global debt service obligations. The properties securing the portfolio are diverse in terms of type. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry. Construction Loans. Our construction loans are offered within our Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan operating areas to builders primarily for the construction of single-family homes, condominium and townhouse conversions or renovations and, to a lesser extent, to individuals. Our construction loans typically have terms of 12 to 18 months with the goal of transitioning the borrowers to permanent financing or re-underwriting and selling into the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loan. According to our underwriting standards, the ratio of loan principal to collateral value, as established by an independent appraisal, cannot exceed 75% for investor-owned and 80% for owner-occupied properties. We conduct semi-annual stress testing of our construction loan portfolio and closely monitor underlying real estate conditions as well as our borrower’s trends of sales valuations as compared to underwriting valuations as part of our ongoing risk management efforts. Borrowers’ progress is closely monitored in construction buildout and strictly enforce our original underwriting guidelines for construction milestones and completion timelines. Commercial Business Loans. In addition to our other loan products, the Company provides general commercial loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, letters of credit and other loan products, primarily in our target markets, and underwritten based on each 72 borrower’s ability to service debt from income. These loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial business loans are secured by a lien on general business assets including, among other things, available real estate, accounts receivable, promissory notes, inventory and equipment, and we generally obtain a personal guaranty from the borrower or other principal. Credit Cards. Through our OpenSky® credit card division, the Company provides credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores through a fully digital and mobile platform. Substantially all of the lines of credit are secured by a noninterest bearing demand account at the Bank in an amount equal to the full credit limit of the credit card. In addition, using our proprietary scoring model, which considers credit score and repayment history (typically a minimum of six months of on-time repayments, but ultimately determined on a case-by-case basis) the Bank offers certain customers an unsecured line in excess of their secured line of credit. Other Consumer Loans. To a very limited extent and typically as an accommodation to existing customers, we offer personal consumer loans such as term loans, car loans or boat loans. The repayment of loans is a source of additional liquidity for us. The following table details maturities and sensitivity to interest rate changes for our loan portfolio at December 31, 2019: LOAN MATURITY AND SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES (in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total loans Amounts with fixed rates Amounts with floating rates Nonperforming Assets Due in One Year or Less Due in One to Five Years Due After Five Years Total As of December 31, 2019 $ $ $ $ 96,912 $ 70,958 165,116 70,227 46,412 934 450,559 $ 118,486 $ 332,073 $ 134,337 $ 173,963 31,519 57,616 — 351 397,786 $ 263,590 $ 134,196 $ 196,677 $ 103,170 2,067 23,266 — — 325,180 $ 80,110 $ 245,070 $ 427,926 348,091 198,702 151,109 46,412 1,285 1,173,525 462,186 711,339 Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. In general, we place loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due. We also place loans on nonaccrual status if they are less than 90 days past due if the collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed from income. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are, in management’s opinion, reasonably assured. Any loan which the Bank deems to be uncollectible, in whole or in part, is charged off to the extent of the anticipated loss. Consumer credit card balances are moved into the charge off queue after they become more than 90 days past due and are charged off not later than 120 days after they become past due. Loans that are past due for 180 days or more are charged off unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. The Company believes its disciplined lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. There are several procedures in place to assist the Company in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. The Company has 73 established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our bankers, and monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions. Nonperforming loans were $4.7 million at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Nonperforming loans were 0.40% and 0.47% of total loans at the respective year ends. Foreclosed real estate increased to $2.4 million as of December 31, 2019 compared to $142 thousand, for the same period of 2018. The foreclosure of a construction loan with an outstanding balance of $2.1 million was the primary reason for the increase. The property is currently being marketed. As of December 31, 2019, we had $620 thousand of accruing loans past due 90 days. These loans were past due as a result of maturity date, not payment issues. Total nonperforming assets were $7.1 million at December 31, 2019 compared to $4.8 million at December 31, 2018, or 0.50% and 0.44%, respectively, of corresponding total assets. Of the $7.1 million in total nonperforming assets, nonperforming loans represented $4.7 million and other real estate owned totaled $2.4 million. Nonperforming loans included five restructured loans totaling $459 thousand. The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets at the dates indicated: NONPERFORMING ASSETS (in thousands) Nonaccrual loans Real Estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Accruing loans 90 or more days past due Total nonperforming loans Other real estate owned Total nonperforming assets Restructured loans-nonaccrual Restructured loans-accruing Nonperforming loans to total loans Nonperforming assets to total assets Potential Problem Loans $ $ $ $ 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 December 31, $ 2,193 1,433 — $ 2,207 1,486 — 474 620 4,720 2,384 7,104 749 237 4,679 142 1,828 1,648 499 1,067 365 5,407 93 $ 1,822 1,193 — 750 753 4,518 90 $ 4,821 $ 5,500 $ 4,608 $ 2,392 1,675 — 936 772 5,775 203 5,978 459 $ — $ 0.40% 0.50% 284 $ — $ 0.47% 0.44% 592 $ 3,219 0.61% 0.54% 941 $ — $ 0.59% 0.51% 2,155 267 0.90% 0.80% From a credit risk standpoint, we grade watchlist and problem loans into one of five categories: pass/watch, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. Credits ratings are reviewed regularly. Ratings are adjusted regularly to reflect the degree of risk and loss that our management believes to be appropriate for each credit. Our methodology is structured so that specific reserve allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). Our lending policy requires the routine monitoring of weekly past due reports, daily overdraft reports, monthly maturing loans, monthly risk rating reports and internal loan review reports. The lending and credit management of the Bank meet several times a week to review loans rated pass/watch. The focus of each meeting is to identify and promptly determine any necessary required action with this loan population, which consists of loans that, although considered satisfactory and performing to terms, may exhibit special risk features that warrant management’s attention. Loans that are deemed special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss are listed in the Bank’s Problem Loan Status Report. The Problem Loan Status Report provides a detailed summary of the borrower and 74 guarantor status, loan accrual status, collateral evaluation and includes a description of the planned collection and administration program designed to mitigate the Bank’s risk of loss and remove the loan from problem status. The Special Asset Committee reviews the Problem Loan Status Report on a quarterly basis for borrowers with an overall loan exposure in excess of $250,000. The Bank uses the following definitions for watch list risk ratings: • Pass/Watch. Borrowers who are considered satisfactory and performing to terms, however exhibiting special risk features such as declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage, and/or weakening fundamentals that indicate above average risk. • Special Mention. A special mention loan has potential weaknesses deserving of management’s attention. If uncorrected, such weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in our credit position at some future date. • Substandard. A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets that are classified as substandard. • Doubtful. A doubtful loan has all weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The probability of loss is extremely high, but certain important and reasonably specific factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset exist. Therefore, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until a more precise status may be determined by management. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. • loss. Loss. Credits rated as loss are charged-off. We have no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as 75 Loans not meeting the criteria above are considered to be pass-rated loans. The following tables present the loan balances by category as well as risk rating. No assets were classified as loss during the periods presented. (in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total December 31, 2018 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total LOAN CLASSIFICATION Pass(1) Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total $ $ $ $ 425,661 $ 340,313 198,702 145,178 46,412 1,285 1,157,551 $ 405,532 $ 274,247 154,643 117,670 34,673 1,202 987,967 $ — $ 6,345 — 4,505 — — 10,850 $ 118 $ 2,958 843 3,844 — — 7,763 $ 2,265 $ 1,433 — 1,426 — — 5,124 $ 2,194 $ 1,486 2,100 750 — — 6,530 $ — $ — — — — — — $ — $ — — — — — — $ 427,926 348,091 198,702 151,109 46,412 1,285 1,173,525 407,844 278,691 157,586 122,264 34,673 1,202 1,002,260 _______________ (1) Category includes loans graded exceptional, very good, good, satisfactory and pass / watch. At December 31, 2019, the recorded investment in impaired loans was $4.1 million, $273 thousand of which required a specific reserve of $119 thousand compared to a recorded investment in impaired loans of $4.4 million including $386 thousand requiring a specific reserve of $262 thousand at December 31, 2018. Of the $4.1 million of impaired loans, $2.2 million was related to one loan relationship. Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). At December 31, 2019, the Company had five loans amounting to $459 thousand that were considered to be TDRs, compared to four loans amounting to $284 thousand at December 31, 2018. Allowance for Loan Losses We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s best estimate of the loan losses and risks inherent in our loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance for loan losses should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in those amounts, or at all. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for loan losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of our loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates. 76 The following table presents a summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses for the periods and dates indicated: ANALYSIS OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (in thousands) Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period $ 2019 11,308 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ 10,033 $ 8,597 $ 6,573 $ 5,531 For the Years Ended December 31, Charge-offs: Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total charge-offs Recoveries: Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total recoveries Net charge-offs Provision for loan losses Allowance for loan losses at period end Allowance for loan losses to period end loans Net charge-offs to average loans (40) — — (331) (461) — (832 — 13 — 2 19 — 34 $ (798) 2,791 13,301 1.14% 0.08% (121) (22) — (147) (806) — (190) (312) — (25) (1,124) — (42) (62) — (1,765) (640) — ) (1,096) (1,651) (2,509) 3 152 — 34 42 — 231 (865) 2,140 — 115 — 3 314 — 432 (1,219) 2,655 $ 11,308 $ 10,033 $ 1.13% 0.09% 1.13% 0.15% 7 89 — 8 138 — 242 (2,267) 4,291 $ 8,597 1.13% 0.33% (13) (154) — (263) (230) — (660) — — 76 17 — — 93 (567) 1,609 6,573 1.03% 0.10% Our allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $13.3 million and $11.3 million, respectively, or 1.14% and 1.13% of loans for each respective period end. The allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2019 included specific reserves of $119 thousand set aside for impaired loans. Our charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2019 were $832 thousand and were partially offset by recoveries of $34 thousand. The allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2018 included specific reserves of $262 thousand set aside for impaired loans. Our charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $1.1 million and were partially offset by recoveries of $231 thousand. Total charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were primarily due to credit card charge-offs resulting from growth in our credit card portfolio and certain charges in excess of credit limits. Additionally in 2019, there was a charge-off of a commercial and industrial loan in the amount of $331 thousand. As the loan portfolio and allowance for loan losses review processes continue to evolve, there may be changes to elements of the allowance and this may have an effect on the overall level of the allowance maintained. Historically, the Bank has enjoyed a high quality loan portfolio with relatively low levels of net charge-offs and low delinquency rates. The maintenance of a high quality portfolio will continue to be a high priority for both management and the Board of Directors. Management, being aware of the significant loan growth experienced by the Company, is intent on maintaining a strong credit review function and risk rating process. The Company has an experienced Credit Administration function, which provides independent analysis of credit requests and the management of problem credits. The Credit Department has developed and implemented analytical procedures for evaluating credit requests, has refined the Company’s risk rating system, and continues to adopt and enhance the monitoring of the loan portfolio. The loan portfolio analysis process is ongoing and proactive in order to maintain a portfolio of quality credits and to identify any weaknesses before they become more severe. 77 Although we believe that we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP and that the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions for loan losses will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio. The following table sets forth activity in the allowance for loan losses for the past five years for the categories and certain other information as of the dates indicated. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any loan category. ANALYSIS OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES 2019 2018 December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Amount Percent(1) Amount Percent(1) Amount Percent(1) Amount Percent(1) Amount Percent(1) 31% $ 27 20 12 10 — 3,541 3,003 2,093 1,578 1,084 9 30% $ 27 19 14 10 — 3,137 2,860 1,646 1,497 885 8 100% $ 11,308 100% $ 10,033 31% 29 16 15 9 — 100% 2,664 2,682 1,591 1,174 477 9 8,597 30% 31 19 14 6 — 100% 2,006 2,111 1,565 727 110 53 6,572 30% 32 24 11 2 1 100% (in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total allowance for loan $ 4,135 3,572 2,668 1,548 1,368 10 losses _______________ (1) Loan category as a percentage of total loans. $ 13,301 Deposits Deposits are the major source of funding for the Company. We offer a variety of deposit products including interest bearing demand, savings, money market and time accounts all of which we actively market at competitive pricing. We generate deposits from our customers on a relationship basis and through the efforts of our commercial lending officers and our business banking officers. Year over year, deposits increased 28.3% with the largest increase occurring in interest bearing demand accounts and money market accounts. The Company continues to execute on its strategic initiative to improve the deposit portfolio mix by reducing reliance on wholesale time deposits. This is evident in the reduction in our wholesale time deposit portfolio of $26.3 million or 13.6%, to $167.0 million at December 31, 2019, from $193.3 million, or 20.2% at December 31, 2018. Our credit card customers are also a significant source of low cost deposits. As of December 31, 2019, our credit card customers accounted for $78.2 million, or 26.8%, of our total noninterest bearing deposit balances. We supplement our deposits with wholesale funding sources such as brokered deposits as needed. At December 31, 2019, interest bearing deposits were $933.6 million, an increase of $220.7 million, or 30.9%, compared to $713.0 million at December 31, 2018. This increase was primarily due to the Company’s continued effort to improve the deposit mix by reducing reliance on wholesale time deposits. During the same period, money market balances increased to $429.1 million, a $140.2 million or 48.5% change from the prior year’s balance of $288.9 million. In order to fund the loan growth of the Bank, we built upon our prior success of focusing our strategic efforts on growing core deposits through an expanded deposits sales force, incentives to our commercial loan team and increased marketing efforts. The average rate paid on interest bearing deposits increased nine basis points to 1.74% at December 31, 2019 from 1.64% for the same period in 2018. Rates paid on certificates of deposit and money market increased 61 and 36 basis points, respectively, for the period presented. The increase in the average rates was primarily due to increases in market interest rates resulting from the December 2018 increase in the federal funds rate. 78 The following table presents the average balances and average rates paid on deposits for the periods indicated: COMPOSITION OF DEPOSITS 2019 December 31, 2018 2017 Average Balance Average Rate Average Balance Average Rate Average Balance Average Rate (in thousands) Interest bearing demand accounts $ Money market accounts Savings accounts Certificates of deposit Total interest bearing deposits Noninterest bearing demand accounts Total deposits 109,977 344,272 3,597 302,149 759,995 260,726 0.61% $ 1.69% 0.36% 2.38% 1.80% $ 1,020,721 1.34% $ 79 72,523 286,257 3,704 326,827 689,311 220,445 909,756 0.29% $ 1.33% 0.32% 1.77% 1.42% 1.08% $ 69,455 282,840 3,365 315,979 671,639 175,707 847,346 0.22% 0.88% 0.15% 1.20% 0.96% 0.76% The following table presents the maturities of our certificates of deposit as of December 31, 2019. MATURITIES OF CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT (in thousands) $100,000 or more Less than $100,000 Total Borrowings Three Months or Less Over Three Through Six Months Over Six Through Twelve Months Over Twelve Months $ $ 49,336 $ 7,305 56,641 $ 48,041 $ 6,271 54,312 $ 63,082 $ 8,343 71,425 $ 135,392 $ 8,955 144,347 $ Total 295,851 30,874 326,725 We utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below. FHLB Advances. The FHLB allows us to borrow up to 25% of our assets on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $193.7 million in real estate loans and $1.5 million in investment securities were pledged as collateral for our FHLB borrowings. We utilize these borrowings to meet liquidity needs and to fund certain fixed rate loans in our portfolio. As of December 31, 2019, we had $32.2 million in outstanding advances and $140.5 million in available borrowing capacity from the FHLB. The following table sets forth certain information on our FHLB borrowings during the periods presented: FHLB ADVANCES (in thousands) Amount outstanding at period-end Weighted average interest rate at period-end Maximum month-end balance during the period Average balance outstanding during the period Weighted average interest rate during the period Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ $ $ 32,222 2.40% 34,444 43,472 2.47% $ $ $ 2,000 4.26% 17,000 8,101 2.83% $ $ $ 2,000 4.26% 11,000 4,910 3.23% Other borrowed funds. The Company has also issued junior subordinated debentures and other subordinated notes. At December 31, 2019, these other borrowings amounted to $15.4 million. At December 31, 2019, our junior subordinated debentures amounted to $2.1 million. The junior subordinated debentures were issued in June of 2006, mature on June 15, 2036, and may be redeemed prior to that date under certain circumstances. The principal amount of the debentures has not changed since issuance, and they accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 1.87%. On November 24, 2015, the Company issued $13.5 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes with a maturity date of December 1, 2025. The notes may be redeemed prior to the maturity date under certain circumstances. The notes bear interest at 6.95% for the first five years, then adjust to the three-month LIBOR plus 5.33%. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond has an available borrower in custody arrangement which allows us to borrow on a collateralized basis. The Company’s borrowing capacity under the Federal Reserve’s discount window program was $12.5 million as of December 31, 2019. Certain commercial loans are pledged under this arrangement. We maintain this borrowing arrangement to meet liquidity needs pursuant to our contingency funding plan. No advances were outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 2019. 80 The Company also has lines of credit of $28.0 million available with other correspondent banks at December 31, 2019, as well as access to certificate of deposit funding through a financial network which the Bank limits to 15% of the Bank’s assets. There were no outstanding balances on the lines of credit from correspondent banks at December 31, 2019. Liquidity Liquidity is defined as the Bank’s capacity to meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost. Maintaining an adequate level of liquidity depends on the Bank’s ability to meet both expected and unexpected cash flows and collateral needs efficiently without adversely affecting either daily operations or the financial condition of the Bank. Liquidity risk is the risk that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they become due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding. The Bank’s obligations, and the funding sources used to meet them, depend significantly on our business mix, balance sheet structure and the cash flow profiles of our on- and off-balance sheet obligations. In managing our cash flows, management regularly confronts situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk. These include funding mismatches, market constraints on the ability to convert assets into cash or in accessing sources of funds (i.e., market liquidity) and contingent liquidity events. Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operation, legal and reputational risks also could affect the Bank’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in the assessment of liquidity and asset/liability management. Management has established a comprehensive management process for identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling liquidity risk. Because of its critical importance to the viability of the Bank, liquidity risk management is fully integrated into our risk management processes. Critical elements of our liquidity risk management include: effective corporate governance consisting of oversight by the board of directors and active involvement by management; appropriate strategies, policies, procedures, and limits used to manage and mitigate liquidity risk; comprehensive liquidity risk measurement and monitoring systems (including assessments of the current and prospective cash flows or sources and uses of funds) that are commensurate with the complexity and business activities of the Bank; active management of intraday liquidity and collateral; an appropriately diverse mix of existing and potential future funding sources; adequate levels of highly liquid marketable securities free of legal, regulatory or operational impediments, that can be used to meet liquidity needs in stressful situations; comprehensive contingency funding plans that sufficiently address potential adverse liquidity events and emergency cash flow requirements; and internal controls and internal audit processes sufficient to determine the adequacy of the institution’s liquidity risk management process. We expect funds to be available from a number of basic banking activity sources, including the core deposit base, the repayment and maturity of loans and investment security cash flows. Other potential funding sources include brokered certificates of deposit, deposit listing services, CDARS, borrowings from the FHLB and other lines of credit. We did not have any borrowings outstanding with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond at December 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018, and our borrowing capacity is limited only by eligible collateral. As of December 31, 2019, we had $140.5 million of available borrowing capacity from the FHLB, $12.5 million of available borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and available lines of credit of $28.0 million with other correspondent banks. Cash and cash equivalents were $114.8 million million at December 31, 2019 and $34.7 million at December 31, 2018. Accordingly, our liquidity resources were at sufficient levels to fund loans and meet other cash needs as necessary. 81 Capital Resources Stockholders’ equity increased $18.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 largely due to net income of $16.9 million for the year. Stock options exercised, shares issued as compensation, shares sold and stock-based compensation increased common stock and additional paid-in capital aggregately by $1.32 million . These increases were offset by the repurchase of 28,480 shares aggregating $371 thousand during 2019, and net unrealized losses on available for sale securities and cash flow hedging derivative of $13 thousand. The Company uses several indicators of capital strength. The most commonly used measure is average common equity to average assets (computed as average equity divided by average total assets), which was 10.14% at December 31, 2019 and 8.76% at December 31, 2018. The following table shows the return on average assets (computed as net income divided by average total assets), return on average equity (computed as net income divided by average equity) and average equity to average assets ratios for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Return on Average Assets Return on Average Equity Average Equity to Average Assets December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 1.38% 13.66% 10.14% 1.22% 13.94% 8.76% The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can precipitate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off- balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum ratios of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital as a percentage of assets and off-balance sheet exposures, adjusted for risk weights ranging from 0% to 1250%. The Bank is also required to maintain capital at a minimum level based on quarterly average assets, which is known as the leverage ratio. In July 2013, federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule that revised their risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with certain standards that were developed by Basel III and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule applies to all depository institutions and bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies with total consolidated assets of more than $1 billion. The Bank was required to implement the new Basel III capital standards (subject to the phase-in for certain parts of the new rules) as of January 1, 2015. In August of 2018 the Regulatory Relief Act directed the Federal Reserve Board to revise the Small BHC Policy Statement to raise the total consolidated asset limit in the Small BHC Policy Statement from $1 billion to $3 billion. The Company is currently exempt from the consolidated capital requirements. The ability of the Company to continue to grow is dependent on its earnings and those of the Bank, the ability to obtain additional funds for contribution to the Bank’s capital, through additional borrowings, through the sale of additional common stock or preferred stock, or through the issuance of additional qualifying capital instruments, such as subordinated debt. The capital levels required to be maintained by the Company and Bank may be impacted as a result of the Bank’s concentrations in commercial real estate loans. See “Regulation” at page 18 and “Risk Factors” at page 33. 82 As of December 31, 2019, the Bank was in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements to which it was subject and was classified as “well capitalized” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we deploy our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we intend to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us. The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Company (as if such requirements applied to the Company) and the Bank as of the dates indicated. (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 The Company Actual Minimum Capital Adequacy To Be Well Capitalized Full Phase In of Basel III Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) $ 135,380,332 135,380,332 133,318,332 149,142,173 9.96% $ 54,396,530 66,010,949 12.31% 49,508,212 12.12% 88,014,599 13.56% 4.00% 6.00% 4.50% 8.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $ 67,995,663 88,014,599 71,511,862 110,018,249 The Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) $ 114,613,000 114,613,000 114,613,000 127,976,000 8.65% $ 53,004,800 64,093,380 10.73% 48,070,035 10.73% 85,457,840 11.98% 4.00% $ 66,256,000 85,457,840 6.00% 4.50% 69,434,495 8.00% 106,822,300 5.00% $ 66,256,000 85,457,840 8.00% 6.50% 69,434,495 10.00% 106,822,300 December 31, 2018 The Company Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) The Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) $ $ 117,220 117,220 115,158 128,544 10.76% $ 12.95% 12.73% 14.21% 43,575 71,259 57,686 89,356 4.00% 7.875% 6.375% 9.875% N/A N/A N/A N/A $ N/A N/A N/A N/A 43,575 76,914 63,341 95,012 96,122 96,122 96,122 107,061 9.06% $ 11.00% 11.00% 12.25% 42,445 68,822 55,713 86,301 4.00% $ 7.875% 6.375% 9.875% 53,056 69,914 56,805 87,393 5.00% $ 8.00% 6.50% 10.00% 42,445 74,284 61,175 91,763 5.00% 8.00% 6.50% 10.00% 5.00% 8.00% 6.50% 10.00% 4.00% 8.50% 7.00% 10.50% 4.00% 8.50% 7.00% 10.50% 83 Contractual Obligations We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. While our liquidity monitoring and management consider both present and future demands for and sources of liquidity, the following table of contractual commitments focuses only on future obligations and summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019. CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS Due in One Year or Less Due After One Through Three Years Due After Three Through Five Years Due After 5 Years Total As of December 31, 2019 $ $ $ $ 13,333 $ 162,877 $ 21,487 $ — 197,697 $ 18,889 $ 133,640 $ 7,314 $ — 159,843 $ — $ 934 432 $ — 1,366 $ — $ — 41 15,423 15,464 $ 32,222 297,451 29,274 15,423 374,370 (in thousands) FHLB advances Certificates of deposit $100,000 or more Certificates of deposit less than $100,000 Subordinated debt Total Off-Balance Sheet Items In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. We are not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these commitments; however we maintain an allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk which is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Our commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit and commitments to extend credit expiring by period as of the date indicated are summarized below. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements. CREDIT EXTENSION COMMITMENTS (in thousands) Unfunded lines of credit Commitments to originate residential loans held for sale Letters of credit Total credit extension commitments December 31, 2019 2018 260,573 $ 2,646 5,305 268,524 $ 209,209 647 6,216 216,072 $ $ Unfunded lines of credit represent unused credit facilities to our current borrowers. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, we would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, we would be entitled to seek recovery from the 84 customer from the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and/or marketable securities. Our policies generally require that letter of credit arrangements contain security and debt covenants similar to those contained in loan agreements and our credit risk associated with issuing letters of credit is substantially the same as the risk involved in extending loan facilities to our customers. We minimize our exposure to loss under letters of credit and credit commitments by subjecting them to the same credit approval and monitoring procedures as we do for on-balance sheet instruments. The effect on our revenue, expenses, cash flows and liquidity of the unused portions of these lines of credit commitments cannot be precisely predicted because there is no guarantee that the lines of credit will be used. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend funds to a customer, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract, for a specific purpose. Commitments generally have variable interest rates, fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being fully drawn, the total commitment amounts disclosed above do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case- by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if considered necessary by us, upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. We enter into forward commitments for the delivery of mortgage loans in our current pipeline. Interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from our commitments to fund the loans. These commitments to fund mortgage loans, to be sold into the secondary market, (interest rate lock commitments) and forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors are considered derivatives. Impact of Inflation Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession. Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, other operating expenses do reflect general levels of inflation. 85 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Many assumptions are used to calculate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest income, such as asset prepayments, non-maturity deposit price sensitivity and decay rates, and key rate drivers. Because of the inherent use of these estimates and assumptions in the model, our actual results may, and most likely will, differ from our static earnings at risk (“EAR”) results. In addition, static EAR results do not include actions that our management may undertake to manage the risks in response to anticipated changes in interest rates or client behavior. For example, as part of our asset/liability management strategy, management has the ability to increase asset duration and decrease liability duration in order to reduce asset sensitivity, or to decrease asset duration and increase liability duration in order to increase asset sensitivity. The following table summarizes the results of our EAR analysis in simulating the change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of December 31, 2019: IMPACT ON NET INTEREST INCOME UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK Earnings at Risk December 31, 2019 -200 bps -100 bps Flat +100 bps +200 bps +300 bps (7.3)% (5.5)% 0.0% 8.2% 16.7% 25.2% Utilizing an economic value of equity (“EVE”) approach, we analyze the risk to capital from the effects of various interest rate scenarios through a long-term discounted cash flow model. This measures the difference between the economic value of our assets and the economic value of our liabilities, which is a proxy for our liquidation value. While this provides some value as a risk measurement tool, management believes EAR is more appropriate in accordance with the going concern principle. The following table illustrates the results of our EVE analysis as of December 31, 2019. ECONOMIC VALUE OF EQUITY ANALYSIS UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK Economic Value of Equity December 31, 2019 -200 bps -100 bps Flat +100 bps +200 bps +300 bps (5.2)% (1.9)% 0.0% (0.5)% (2.8)% (5.4)% 86 Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk A fundamental risk in banking is exposure to market risk, since a bank’s net income is largely dependent on net interest income. The Bank’s ALCO formulates and monitors the management of interest rate risk through policies and guidelines established by it and the full Board of Directors and through review of detailed reports discussed quarterly. In its consideration of risk limits, the ALCO considers the impact on earnings and capital, the level and direction of interest rates, liquidity, local economic conditions, outside threats and other factors. Banking is generally a business of managing the maturity and repricing mismatch inherent in its asset and liability cash flows and to provide net interest income growth consistent with the Company’s profit objectives. Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, other than those that have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time optimizing income. We manage our exposure to interest rates by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, financial options or financial future contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. We do hedge the interest rate risks of our available for sale mortgage pipeline by using mortgage-backed securities short positions, and of our subordinated debentures by utilizing an interest rate swap. Based on the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk, which include an analysis of relationships between interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and an interest rate shock simulation model. The following table indicates that, for periods less than one year, rate-sensitive assets exceeded rate-sensitive liabilities, resulting in an asset-sensitive position. For a bank with an asset-sensitive position, or positive gap, rising interest rates would generally be expected to have a positive effect on net interest income, and falling interest rates would generally be expected to have the opposite effect. 87 December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Assets Interest earning assets Loans (1) Securities Interest bearing deposits at other financial institutions Federal funds sold Total earning assets Liabilities Interest bearing liabilities Interest bearing deposits Time deposits Total interest bearing deposits FHLB Advances Other borrowed funds Total interest bearing liabilities Period gap Cumulative gap Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets _______________ (1) Includes loans held for sale. INTEREST SENSITIVITY GAP Within One Month After One Month Through Three Months After Three Through Twelve Months Within One Year Greater Than One Year or Non- Sensitive Total $ 417,585 $ 284,571 $ 190,827 $ 892,983 $ 349,168 $ 1,242,151 1,121 102,447 1,847 268 — — 1,000 — — 2,389 102,447 1,847 58,439 — — 60,828 102,447 1,847 $ 523,000 $ 284,839 $ 191,827 $ 999,666 $ 407,607 $ 1,407,273 $ 606,919 $ — $ — $ 606,919 $ — $ 32,539 639,458 1,047 24,103 24,103 2,100 125,737 125,737 182,379 789,298 3,147 — — — — 144,346 144,346 19,522 15,423 640,505 $ 26,203 $ 125,737 $ 792,445 $ 179,291 $ 606,919 326,725 933,644 22,669 15,423 971,736 (117,505) (117,505) $ $ (8.35)% 258,636 141,131 $ $ 10.03% 66,090 207,221 $ $ 14.73% 207,221 207,221 $ $ 14.73% 228,316 $ 435,537 435,537 30.95% $ $ $ We use quarterly EAR simulations to assess the impact of changing interest rates on our earnings under a variety of scenarios and time horizons. These simulations utilize both instantaneous and parallel changes in the level of interest rates, as well as non-parallel changes such as changing slopes and twists of the yield curve. Static simulation models are based on current exposures and assume a constant balance sheet with no new growth. Dynamic simulation models are also utilized that rely on detailed assumptions regarding changes in existing lines of business, new business, and changes in management and client behavior. We also use economic value-based methodologies to measure the degree to which the economic values of the Bank’s positions change under different interest rate scenarios. The economic-value approach focuses on a longer-term time horizon and endeavors to capture all future cash flows expected from existing assets and liabilities. The economic value model utilizes a static approach in that the analysis does not incorporate new business; rather, the analysis shows a snapshot in time of the risk inherent in the balance sheet. 88 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 89 To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Capital Bancorp, Inc. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements and schedules (collectively, the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting under PCAOB standards. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting under PCAOB standards. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Elliott Davis, PLLC We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017. Raleigh, North Carolina March 16, 2020 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands) Assets Cash and due from banks Interest bearing deposits at other financial institutions Federal funds sold Total cash and cash equivalents Investment securities available for sale Restricted investments Loans held for sale Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $13,301 and $11,308 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively Premises and equipment, net Accrued interest receivable Deferred income taxes Foreclosed real estate Other assets Total assets Liabilities Deposits Noninterest-bearing, including related party balances of $16,009 and $11,214 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively Interest-bearing, including related party balances of $125,304 and $144,624 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively Total deposits Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Federal funds purchased Federal Home Loan Bank advances Other borrowed funds Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Total liabilities Stockholders' equity Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 Common stock, $.01 par value; 49,000,000 shares authorized; 13,894,842 and 13,672,479 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities and stockholders' equity See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 91 2019 2018 10,530 $ 102,447 1,847 114,824 60,828 3,966 71,030 1,157,820 6,092 4,770 4,263 2,384 2,518 1,428,495 $ 291,777 $ 933,644 1,225,421 — — 32,222 15,423 1,801 20,297 1,295,164 — 139 51,561 81,618 13 133,331 1,428,495 $ 10,431 22,007 2,285 34,723 46,932 2,503 18,526 988,960 2,975 4,462 3,654 142 2,181 1,105,058 242,259 712,981 955,240 3,332 2,000 2,000 15,393 1,565 10,964 990,494 — 137 49,321 65,701 (595) 114,564 1,105,058 $ $ $ $ Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands except per share data) Interest income Loans, including fees Investment securities available for sale Federal funds sold and other Total interest income Interest expense Deposits, includes interest expense payable to related parties of $1,772 and $1,727 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and, 2018, respectively. Borrowed funds Total interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Net interest income after provision for loan losses Noninterest income Service charges on deposits Credit card fees Mortgage banking revenue Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities available for sale Loss on sale of foreclosed real estate Loss on disposal of premises and equipment Other fees and charges Total noninterest income Noninterest expenses Salaries and employee benefits Occupancy and equipment Professional fees Data processing Advertising Loan processing Other real estate expenses, net Other operating expenses Total noninterest expenses Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share 2019 2018 81,305 $ 924 1,125 83,354 13,689 2,153 15,842 67,512 2,791 64,721 542 7,602 15,955 26 — — 393 24,518 32,586 4,360 2,871 15,512 2,066 1,894 122 7,114 66,525 22,714 5,819 16,895 $ 1.23 $ 1.21 $ 67,229 1,041 857 69,127 9,792 1,447 11,239 57,888 2,140 55,748 484 6,048 9,477 (2) (21) (276) 414 16,124 25,164 4,319 2,124 14,184 1,460 1,077 28 5,767 54,123 17,749 4,982 12,767 1.05 1.02 $ $ $ $ Weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 92 13,733,131 13,968,585 12,116,459 12,462,138 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands) Net income Other comprehensive income (loss): Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities available for sale Reclassification of realized (gain) loss on sales of investment securities available for sale Unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivative Income tax (expense) benefit relating to the items above Other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ 16,895 $ 12,767 868 (26) (5) 837 (229) 608 (479) 2 (1) (478) 130 (348) $ 17,503 $ 12,419 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 93 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 Common Stock (dollars in thousands) Balance, December 31, 2017 Shares 11,537,196 $ Amount Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders' Equity 115 $ 27,051 $ 53,200 $ (247) $ 80,119 Net income Unrealized loss on investment securities available for sale, net of income taxes Unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivative, net of income taxes Stock options exercised, including tax benefit Shares issued as compensation Stock-based compensation Shares sold Shares repurchased and retired — — — 230,894 59,579 — 16,000 (5,500) — — — 2 1 — — — — — — 1,307 495 570 198 (45) 12,767 — — (266) — — — — — (346) (2) — — — — — 12,767 (346) (2) 1,043 496 570 198 (45) Initial public offering, common stock issued, net of costs and underwriting discount of $3.2 million Balance, December 31, 2018 1,834,310 13,672,479 $ 19 137 $ 19,745 49,321 $ — 65,701 $ — (595) $ 19,764 114,564 Adoption of lease standard Net income Unrealized gain on investment securities available for sale, net of income taxes Unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivative, net of income taxes Stock options exercised, including tax benefit Shares issued as compensation Stock-based compensation Shares repurchased and retired Balance, December 31, 2019 — — — — 221,710 29,133 — (28,480) 13,894,842 $ — — — — 2 — — — 139 $ — — — — 1,515 301 795 (371) 51,561 $ (54) 16,895 — — (924) — — — 81,618 $ — — 612 (4) — — — — 13 $ (54) 16,895 612 (4) 593 301 795 (371) 133,331 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 94 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 2019 2018 $ 16,895 $ 12,767 Provision for loan losses Provision for mortgage put-back reserve Provision for off balance sheet credit risk Net amortization on investments Furniture and equipment depreciation Lease asset amortization Stock-based compensation expense Director and employee compensation paid in Company stock Deferred income tax benefit Amortization of debt issuance expense (Gain) loss on sale of securities available for sale Loss on sales of foreclosed real estate Loss on disposal of premises and equipment Mortgage banking revenue Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale Originations of loans held for sale Changes in assets and liabilities: Accrued interest receivable Prepaid income taxes and taxes payable Other assets Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Net cash (used) provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of securities available for sale Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal paydowns of securities available for sale Proceeds from sale of securities available for sale Purchases of restricted investments Net increase in loans receivable Net purchases of premises and equipment Proceeds from sales of foreclosed real estate Net cash used by investing activities See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 95 2,791 184 173 160 1,113 1,238 795 301 (839) 30 (26) — — (15,955) 556,640 (593,189) (308) 81 (418) 236 3,752 (26,346) (38,587) 22,119 3,280 (1,463) (173,942) (303) 49 (188,847) 2,140 106 152 225 1,085 — 570 496 (141) 32 2 21 276 (9,477) 354,417 (337,122) (595) 1,529 4 481 1,334 28,302 — 6,044 345 (134) (114,140) (1,735) 357 (109,263) Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands) Cash flows from financing activities Net increase (decrease) in: Noninterest bearing deposits Interest bearing deposits Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Federal funds purchased Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net Other borrowed funds Repurchase of common stock Proceeds from exercise of stock options Proceeds from shares sold Proceeds from initial public offering, net Net cash provided by financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year Noncash investing and financing activities: Loans transferred to foreclosed real estate Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments Change in fair value of loans held for sale Change in fair value of cash flow hedging derivative Establishment of right of use asset Establishment of lease liability Cash paid during the period for: Taxes Interest See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 96 2019 2018 49,518 220,662 (3,332) (2,000) 30,222 — (371) 595 — — 295,294 45,624 4,717 (7,928) — 2,000 (2,000) (45) 1,043 198 19,764 63,373 80,101 (17,588) 34,723 52,311 114,824 $ 34,723 2,291 $ 842 $ 1,420 (5) 5,158 $ 5,358 $ 427 (477) 4 (1) — — 5,451 $ 15,606 $ 2,655 10,758 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on Form 10-K Index Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation Nature of Business Capital Bancorp, Inc. is a Maryland corporation and bank holding company (the “Company”) for Capital Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”). The Company's primary operations are conducted by the Bank, which operates branches in Rockville, Columbia and North Bethesda, Maryland, Reston, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The Bank is principally engaged in the business of investing in commercial, real estate, and credit card loans and attracting deposits. The Company originates residential mortgages for sale in the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loans, our residential mortgage banking arm, and issues credit cards through OpenSky®, a secured, digitally-driven nationwide credit card platform. The Company formed Church Street Capital, LLC (“Church Street Capital”) in 2014 to provide short-term secured real estate financing to Washington, D.C. area investors and developers that may not meet all Bank credit criteria. In addition, the Company owns all of the stock of Capital Bancorp (MD) Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”). The Trust is a special purpose non- consolidated entity organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. In September 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 2,563,046 shares of its common stock at a price to the public of $12.50 per share, 1,834,310 shares of which were sold by the Company and 728,736 shares of which were sold by certain of the Company’s shareholders (the “selling shareholders”). The net proceeds to the Company from the IPO were $19.8 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses of $3.2 million. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sales of shares by the selling shareholders. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the activity of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Bank and Church Street Capital. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company reports its activities as a four business segments: commercial banking; mortgage lending; credit cards; and corporate activities. In determining the appropriateness of segment definition, the Company considers components of the business about which financial information is available and regularly evaluated relative to resource allocation and performance assessment. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and conform to general practices within the banking industry. On August 15, 2018, the Company completed a four-for-one stock split of the Company's authorized, issued, and outstanding common stock, par value $.01 per share (the “Stock Split”). At the effective time of the Stock Split, each share of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock was automatically increased to four shares issued and outstanding. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Stock Split. All share and share-related information presented in these consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the increased number of shares resulting from the Stock Split. Significant Accounting Policies: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. The basis of the estimates is on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, results of 97 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued) which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Cash and cash equivalents For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, interest bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods. Investment securities Investment securities are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in stockholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. Premiums and discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted using the interest method. Changes in the fair value of debt securities available for sale are included in stockholder’s equity as unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect. Unrealized losses are periodically reviewed to determine whether the loss represents an other than temporary impairment. Any unrealized losses judged to be other than a temporary impairment will be charged to income. Loans held for sale Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale are recorded at fair value, determined individually, as of the balance sheet date. Fair value is determined based on outstanding investor commitments, or in the absence of such commitments, based on current investor yield requirements. Gains and losses on loan sales are determined by the specific-identification method. The Company’s current practice is to sell residential mortgage loans on a servicing released basis, and, therefore, it has no intangible asset recorded for the value of such servicing. Interest on loans held for sale is credited to income based on the principal amounts outstanding. Upon sale and delivery, loans are legally isolated from the Company and the Company has no ability to restrict or constrain the ability of third‑party investors to pledge or exchange the mortgage loans. The Company does not have the entitlement or ability to repurchase the mortgage loans or unilaterally cause third‑party investors to put the mortgage loans back to the Company. Unrealized and realized gains on loan sales are determined using the specific-identification method and are recognized through mortgage banking activity in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company elected to measure loans held for sale at fair value to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans on the Company’s balance sheet. 98 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Loans and the allowance for loan losses Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, adjusted for deferred origination fees, deferred origination costs, discounts on loans acquired, and the allowance for loan losses. Interest is accrued based on the loan principal balances and stated interest rates. Origination fees and costs are recognized as an adjustment to the related loan yield using approximate interest methods. The Company generally discontinues the accrual of interest when any portion of the principal and interest is 90 days past due and collateral is insufficient to discharge the debt in full. Generally, interest payments on nonaccrual loans are recorded as a reduction of the principal balance. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information, management believes the Company will not collect all principal and interest payments according to contractual terms. Generally, loans are reviewed for impairment when the risk grade for a loan is downgraded to a classified asset category. The loans are evaluated for appropriate classification, accrual, impairment, and troubled debt restructure status. If collection of principal is evaluated as doubtful, all payments are applied to principal. A modification of a loan is considered a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification constitutes a concession. The Company may consider interest rate reductions, changes to payment terms, extensions of maturities and/or principal reductions. Loans are generally charged-off in part or in full when management determines the loan to be uncollectible. Factors for charge-off that may be considered include: repayments deemed to be projected beyond reasonable time frames, client bankruptcy and lack of assets, and/or collateral deficiencies. The allowance for loan losses is estimated to adequately provide for probable future losses on existing loans. The allowance consists of specific and general components. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the collateral value, if the loan is collateral dependent, or the discounted cash flows of the impaired loan, is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers pools of nonclassified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. There may be an unallocated component of the allowance, which reflects the margin of the imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the method for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. Actual loan performance may differ from those estimates. A loss is recognized as a charge to the allowance when management believes that collection of the loan is unlikely. Collections of loans previously charged off are added to the allowance at the time of recovery. The components of the allowance for loan losses represent an estimation done pursuant to ASC Topic 450, “Contingencies,” or ASC Topic 310,“Receivables.” Specific allowances are established in cases where management has identified significant conditions or circumstances related to a specific credit that management believes indicate the probability that a loss may be incurred. The process for determining an appropriate allowance for loan losses is based on a comprehensive, well-documented, and consistently applied analysis of the loan portfolio. The analysis considers significant factors that affect the collectibility of the portfolio and supports the loan losses estimated by this process. It is important to recognize that the related process, methodology, and underlying assumptions require a substantial degree of judgment. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate; however, determination of the allowance is inherently subjective and requires significant estimates. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions. Evaluation of the potential effects of these factors on estimated losses involves a high degree of uncertainty, including the strength and timing of economic cycles and concerns over the effects of a prolonged economic downturn in the current cycle. In addition, various banking agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, and independent consultants engaged by the Bank, periodically review the Bank’s loan portfolio and allowance for loan losses. Such review may result in 99 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 recognition of additions to the allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination. The review of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses includes an assessment of the fair value adjustment for acquired loans in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Premises and equipment Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related property generally over two to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the respective leases, which may include renewal options where management has the positive intent to exercise such options, or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is less. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are charged to noninterest expenses as incurred. The costs of major renewals and betterments are capitalized, These costs would be included as a component of premises and equipment expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Leases During the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 applies a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record, for all leases with a lease term of more than 12 months, an asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a liability to make lease payments. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedients permitting entities to not reassess: 1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; 2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and 3) initial direct costs for any existing leases. Additionally, as provided by ASU 2016-02, the Company has elected not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases, defined as leases with a term of 12 months or less, and to recognize the lease payments in net income on short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2019 and elected the practical expedients for transition including the transition option provided in ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements, which allowed the Company to initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date. Consequently, the reporting for the comparative periods presented continued to be in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Leases. Therefore, the 2018 financial results and disclosures have not been adjusted. The Company is largely accounting for our existing operating leases consistent with prior guidance except for the incremental balance sheet recognition for leases. The adoption of this standard resulted in the Company recognizing lease right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities totaling $5.2 million and $5.4 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The difference between the lease assets and the lease liabilities was $146 thousand of deferred rent, which was reclassified to lease liabilities, and the remainder was recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings in the amount of $54 thousand. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of income. Additional information is included in Note 6 - Leases. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company enters into commitments to fund residential mortgage loans (interest rate locks) with the intention of selling them in the secondary market. The Company also enters into forward sales agreements for certain funded loans and loan commitments. Unfunded commitments intended for loans held for sale and forward sales agreements are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded as a component of mortgage banking revenue. Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried 100 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 at fair value. For pipeline loans which are not pre-sold to an investor, the Company manages the interest rate risk on rate lock commitments by entering into forward sale contracts, whereby the Company obtains the right to deliver securities to investors in the future at a specified price, Such contracts are accounted for as derivatives and are recorded at fair value as derivative assets or liabilities, with changes in fair value recorded in mortgage banking revenue. The Company accounts for derivative instruments and hedging activities according to guidelines established in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-10, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended. The Company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measures those instruments at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivatives designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges, to the extent they are effective as hedges, are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of deferred taxes. Any hedge ineffectiveness would be recognized in the income statement line item pertaining to the hedged item. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The degree of management judgment involved in determining the fair value of a financial instrument is dependent upon the availability of quoted market prices or observable market inputs. For financial instruments that are traded actively and have quoted market prices or observable market inputs, there is minimal subjectivity involved in measuring fair value. However, when quoted market prices or observable market inputs are not fully available, significant management judgment may be necessary to estimate fair value. In developing our fair value estimates, we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy defines Level 1 valuations as those based on quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 valuations include inputs based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 valuations are based on at least one significant assumption not observable in the market, or significant management judgment or estimation, some of which may be internally developed. Financial assets that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include investment securities available for sale, loans held for sale, and derivative financial instruments. Financial liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are comprised of derivative financial instruments. See the Fair Value note to our consolidated financial statements. Income Taxes The Company employs the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes as required by ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities (i.e. temporary timing differences) and are measured at the enacted rates that will be in effect when these differences reverse. The Company utilizes statutory requirements for its income tax accounting, and limits risks associated with potentially problematic tax positions that may incur challenge upon audit, where an adverse outcome is more likely than not. Therefore, no provisions are necessary for either uncertain tax positions nor accompanying potential tax penalties and interest for underpayments of income taxes in the Company’s tax reserves. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company may establish a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in those cases where realization is less than certain. 101 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Earnings per share Earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock using the treasury stock method. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were 7,628 and 7,000 stock options, respectively, that were not included in the calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted earnings per common share as adjusted for the Stock Split: Earnings Per Share (dollars in thousands, except per share information) Basic EPS Net income available to common stockholders Effect of dilutive securities Dilutive EPS per common share Comprehensive income For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Income Weighted Average Shares Per Share Amount Income Weighted Average Shares Per Share Amount $ $ 16,895 — 16,895 13,733,131 $ 235,454 13,968,585 $ 1.23 $ 1.21 $ 12,767 — 12,767 12,116,459 $ 345,679 12,462,138 $ 1.05 1.02 The Company reports as comprehensive income all changes in stockholders' equity during the year from sources other than stockholders. Other comprehensive income refers to all components (income, expenses, gains, and losses) of comprehensive income that are excluded from net income. The Company's only two components of other comprehensive income are unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale, net of income taxes, and unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges, net of income taxes. Information concerning the Company's accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2019, and 2018 are as follows (in thousands): Comprehensive Income (in thousands) Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale Deferred tax (expense) benefit Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges Deferred tax expense Other comprehensive income, net of tax Total accumulated comprehensive income (loss) Recently issued accounting pronouncements: For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 18 $ (5) 13 — — — 13 $ (825) 227 (598) 5 (2) 3 (595) $ $ In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance to change the accounting for loan losses and modify the impairment model for certain debt securities. In October 2019, the FASB voted to delay implementation and the new standard is now effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including the interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company expects the provisions of this standard to impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements, in particular, the level of the reserve for loan losses. The Company is continuing to evaluate the extent of the potential impact and expects that portfolio composition and economic conditions at the time of adoption will be a factor. 102 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 The Company will apply the amendments to the ASU through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. While early adoption was permitted, the Company did not elect that option. In addition to our allowance for loan losses, the Company will also record an allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities instead of applying the impairment model currently utilized. The amount of the adjustments will be impacted by each portfolio’s composition and credit quality at the adoption date as well as economic conditions and forecasts at that time. In August 2018, the FASB amended the Fair Value Measurement Topic 820 disclosure framework. These amendments include additions, removals and modifications to the fair value disclosure requirements in Topic 820, and are effective for the Company for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted on removed or modified disclosures. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. In April 2019, the FASB issued codification improvements to ASU Topic 326 - Financial Instruments - Credit Loss, Topic 815 - Derivatives and Hedging, and Subtopic 825-10 - Financial Instruments. This codification provides technical corrections and clarifies issues related to fair value hedges. The Company early adopted this guidance upon issuance, and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In April 2019, the FASB issued guidance that clarifies and improves areas of guidance related to the recently issued standards on loan losses, hedging, and recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The amendments related to loan losses will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The amendments related to hedging were effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The amendments related to recognition and measurement of financial instruments were adopted by the Company during the first quarter of 2018. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. In November 2019, the FASB issued guidance to defer the effective dates for private companies, not-for-profit organizations, and certain smaller reporting companies applying standards on current expected loan losses (CECL). The new effective dates will be fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 including interim periods within those fiscal years. In addition, the FASB issued guidance that addresses issues raised by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-loan losses (Topic 326): Measurement of loan losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments affect a variety of Topics in the Accounting Standards Codification. For entities that have not yet adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period as long as an entity has adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance to simplify accounting for income taxes by removing specific technical exceptions that often produce information investors have a hard time understanding. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 103 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to the amounts reported in prior periods to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassifications had no effect on net income or total stockholders' equity. Note 2 - Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, interest bearing deposits and federal funds sold. The Bank is required by regulations to maintain an average cash reserve balance based on a percentage of deposits. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the requirements were satisfied by amounts on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank and cash on hand. Note 3 - Investment Securities The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows: Investment Securities Available for Sale (in thousands) December 31, 2019 U.S. government-sponsored enterprises Municipal Corporate Mortgage-backed securities December 31, 2018 U.S. government-sponsored enterprises Municipal Corporate Mortgage-backed securities Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value $ $ $ $ 1,000 $ 515 2,542 56,754 60,811 $ 17,496 $ 517 2,908 26,836 47,757 $ — $ 13 46 117 176 $ — $ — 28 46 74 $ (1) $ — (23) (135) (159) $ (136) $ (16) (51) (696) (899) $ 999 528 2,565 56,736 60,828 17,360 501 2,885 26,186 46,932 Proceeds from sales of securities sold during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $3.3 million and $345 thousand respectively, and resulted in aggregate realized gains of $37 thousand and aggregate realized losses of $11 thousand for December 31, 2019 and aggregate realized losses of $2 thousand for the same period in 2018. 104 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 3 - Investment Securities (continued) Information related to unrealized losses in the investment portfolio as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows: Investment Securities Unrealized Losses Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total (in thousands) Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses December 31, 2019 U.S. government-sponsored enterprises Corporate Mortgage-backed securities December 31, 2018 U.S. government-sponsored enterprises Municipal Corporate Mortgage-backed securities $ $ $ $ — $ — 21,487 21,487 $ 496 $ — — 2,294 2,790 $ — $ — (78) (78) $ 999 $ 519 5,246 6,764 $ (1) $ (23) (57) (81) $ 999 $ 519 26,733 28,251 $ $ (2) — — (7) (9) $ 16,864 $ 501 857 21,037 39,259 $ (134) $ (16) (51) (689) (890) $ 17,360 $ 501 857 23,331 42,049 $ (1) (23) (135) (159) (136) (16) (51) (696) (899) At December 31, 2019, there was one U.S. government-sponsored enterprise security, two corporate securities, and four mortgage- backed securities that had been in a loss position for greater than twelve months. Management believes that all unrealized losses have resulted from temporary changes in the interest rates and current market conditions and not as a result of credit deterioration. Management has the ability and the intent to hold these investment securities until maturity or until they recover in value. A summary of pledged securities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 is shown below: Pledged Securities (in thousands) Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Federal Home Loan Bank advances For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost $ $ — $ 1,508 1,508 $ — $ 1,522 1,522 $ 16,032 $ 6,713 22,745 $ Fair Value 15,862 6,662 22,524 105 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 3 - Investment Securities (continued) Contractual maturities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and corporate securities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Investment Securities - Contractual Maturities (in thousands) Within one year Over one to five years Over five to ten years Over ten years Mortgage-backed securities(1) _______________ (1) Mortgage-backed securities are due in monthly installments. For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value 1,542 $ — 2,000 515 56,754 60,811 $ 1,518 $ — 2,046 528 56,736 60,828 $ 16,496 $ 1,000 2,000 1,425 26,836 47,757 $ 16,377 983 2,028 1,358 26,186 46,932 $ $ 106 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 4 - Loans Receivable Major categories of loans are as follows: Loan Categories (in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Deferred origination fees, net Allowance for loan losses Loans receivable, net December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ 427,926 $ 348,091 198,702 151,109 46,412 1,285 1,173,525 (2,404) (13,301) 1,157,820 $ 407,844 278,691 157,586 122,264 34,673 1,202 1,002,260 (1,992) (11,308) 988,960 The Company makes loans to customers located primarily in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Although the loan portfolio is diversified, its performance will be influenced by the regional economy. The Company’s loan categories are described below. Residential Real Estate Loans. One-to-four family mortgage loans are primarily on owner-occupied primary residences and, to a lesser extent, investor owned residences. Residential loans are originated through the commercial sales teams and Capital Bank Home Loan division. Residential loans also include home equity lines of credit. Owner-occupied residential real estate loans usually have fixed rates for five or seven years and adjust on an annual basis after the initial term based on a typical maturity of 30 years. Investor residential real estate loans are generally based on 25-year terms with a balloon payment due after five years. Generally, the required minimum debt service coverage ratio is 1.15. Residential real estate loans have represented a stable and growing portion of the loan portfolio. Commercial Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate loans are originated on owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied properties. These loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Commercial loans that are secured by owner-occupied commercial real estate and primarily collateralized by operating cash flows are also included in this category of loans. As of December 31, 2019, there were approximately $165.4 million of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, representing approximately 47.5% of the commercial real estate portfolio. Commercial real estate loan terms are generally extended for 10 years or less and amortize generally over 25 years or less. The interest rates on commercial real estate loans have initial fixed rate terms that adjust typically at 5 years and origination fees are routinely charged for services. Personal guarantees from the principal owners of the business are generally required, supported by a review of the principal owners’ personal financial statements and global debt service obligations. The properties securing the portfolio are generally diverse in terms and type. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry. Construction Loans. Construction loans are offered within the Company’s Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan operating areas to builders primarily for the construction of single-family homes and condominium and townhouse conversions or renovations and, to a lesser extent, to individuals. Construction loans typically have terms of 12 to 18 months, the Company generally transitions the end purchaser to permanent financing or re-underwriting and selling into the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loan. According to underwriting standards, the ratio of loan principal to collateral value, as established by an independent appraisal, cannot exceed 75% for investor-owned and 80% for owner-occupied properties. Semi-annual stress testing of 107 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 the construction loan portfolio is conducted, and underlying real estate conditions are closely monitored as well as the borrower’s trends of sales valuations as compared to underwriting valuations as part of the ongoing risk management efforts. The borrowers’ progress in construction buildout is closely monitored and the original underwriting guidelines for construction milestones and completion timelines are strictly enforced. Commercial Business Loans. In addition to other loan products, general commercial loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, letters of credit and other loan products are offered, primarily in target markets, and underwritten based on each borrower’s ability to service debt from income. These loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial business loans are secured by a lien on general business assets including, among other things, available real estate, accounts receivable, promissory notes, inventory and equipment, and personal guaranties from the borrower or other principal are generally obtained. Credit Cards. Through the OpenSky® credit card division, the Company offers credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores are provided through a fully digital and mobile platform. Substantially all of the lines of credit are secured by a noninterest bearing demand account at the Bank in an amount equal to the full credit limit of the credit card. In addition, using a proprietary scoring model, which considers credit score and repayment history (typically a minimum of six months of on- time repayments, but ultimately determined on a case-by-case basis), the Bank has recently begun to offer certain customers an unsecured line in excess of their secured line of credit. Approximately $43.3 million and $32.5 million of the credit card balances were secured by savings deposits held by the Bank as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Other Consumer Loans. To a very limited extent and typically as an accommodation to existing customers, personal consumer loans such as term loans, car loans or boat loans are offered. Loans acquired through acquisitions are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. In estimating the fair value of loans acquired, certain factors were considered, including the remaining lives of the acquired loans, payment history, estimated prepayments, estimated loss ratios, estimated value of the underlying collateral, and the net present value of cash flows expected. Discounts on loans that were not considered impaired at acquisition were recorded as an accretable discount, which will be recognized in interest income over the terms of the related loans. For loans considered to be impaired, the difference between the contractually required payments and expected cash flows was recorded as a nonaccretable discount. The remaining nonaccretable discounts on loans acquired were $285 thousand and $354 thousand as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Loans with nonaccretable discounts had a carrying value of $1.1 million and $1.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The activity in the accretable discounts on loans acquired was as follows: Accretable Discounts on Loans Acquired (in thousands) Accretable discount at beginning of period Accretion and payoff of loans Accretable discount at end of period December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ 438 $ (9) 429 $ 543 (105) 438 The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current economic factors. The following tables present, by class and reserving methodology, the allocation of the allowance for loan losses and the gross investment in loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. 108 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Allowance for Loan Losses (in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer December 31, 2018 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer $ $ $ $ Beginning Balance Provision for Loan Losses Charge-Offs Recoveries Ending Balance Individually Collectively Individually Collectively Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance Evaluated for Impairment: Outstanding Loan Balances Evaluated for Impairment: 3,541 $ 3,003 2,093 1,578 1,084 9 11,308 $ 634 $ 556 575 299 726 1 2,791 $ $ (40) — — (331) (461) — (832) $ — $ 13 — 2 19 — 34 $ 4,135 $ 3,572 2,668 1,548 1,368 10 13,301 $ 3,137 $ 2,860 1,646 1,497 885 8 10,033 $ 522 $ 13 447 194 963 1 2,140 $ (121) $ (22) — (147) (806) — (1,096) $ 3 $ 152 — 34 42 — 231 $ 3,541 $ 3,003 2,093 1,578 1,084 9 11,308 $ — $ — — 119 — — 119 $ — $ — — 262 — — 262 $ 4,135 $ 3,572 2,668 1,429 1,368 10 13,182 $ 3,541 $ 3,003 2,093 1,316 1,084 9 11,046 $ 2,192 $ 1,433 — 474 — — 4,099 $ 425,734 346,658 198,702 150,635 46,412 1,285 1,169,426 2,120 $ 1,486 — 749 — — 4,355 $ 405,724 277,205 157,586 121,515 34,673 1,202 997,905 109 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 4 - Loans Receivable (continued) Past due loans, segregated by delinquency and class of loans, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Loans Past Due (in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Acquired loans included above December 31, 2018 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Acquired loans included above $ $ $ $ $ $ Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More days Past Due Nonaccrual Loans 704 275 756 172 5,526 — $ $ 2,436 1,671 — 353 8 — 7,433 $ 4,468 $ 3,140 $ 1,946 756 525 5,534 — 11,901 $ 424,786 $ 346,145 197,946 150,584 40,878 1,285 1,161,624 $ 427,926 $ 348,091 198,702 151,109 46,412 1,285 1,173,525 $ 374 $ 237 — — 9 — 620 $ 2,192 1,433 — 474 — — 4,099 305 $ 1,243 $ 1,548 $ 4,873 $ 6,421 $ 464 $ 880 $ 1,070 1,746 — 612 3,771 — $ 2,081 1,431 — 398 2 — 7,199 $ 3,912 $ 3,151 $ 3,177 — 1,010 3,773 — 11,111 $ 404,693 $ 275,514 157,586 121,254 30,900 1,202 991,149 $ 407,844 $ 278,691 157,586 122,264 34,673 1,202 1,002,260 $ 235 $ — — — 2 — 237 $ 2,207 1,486 — 749 — — 4,442 521 $ 488 $ 1,009 $ 7,275 $ 8,284 $ 235 $ 582 110 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 4 - Loans Receivable (continued) Impaired loans also include acquired loans for which management has recorded a nonaccretable discount. Impaired loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Impaired Loans (in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real estate Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Acquired loans included above December 31, 2018 Real estate Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Acquired loans included above $ $ $ $ $ $ Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment with no Allowance Recorded Investment with Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Recognized 2,309 $ 1,477 — 574 4,360 $ 2,192 $ 1,433 — 201 3,826 $ — $ — — 273 273 $ 2,192 $ 1,433 — 474 4,099 $ — $ — — 119 119 $ 2,510 $ 1,620 — 777 4,907 $ 1,148 $ 880 $ — $ 880 $ — $ 1,164 $ 2,411 $ 1,551 — 856 4,818 $ 2,120 $ 1,486 — 363 3,969 $ — $ — — 386 386 $ 2,120 $ 1,486 — 749 4,355 $ — $ — — 262 262 $ 2,564 $ 1,591 140 1,270 5,565 $ 775 $ 497 — $ 497 $ — $ — $ 8 18 — 9 35 18 28 — — — 28 — There were $159 thousand and $221 thousand, respectively, of loans secured by one to four family residential properties in the process of foreclosure as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Credit quality indicators As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grade of loans, the level of classified loans, net charge-offs, nonperforming loans, and the general economic conditions in the Company’s market. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. A description of the general characteristics of loans characterized as classified is as follows: Special Mention A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Borrowers may exhibit poor liquidity and leverage positions resulting from generally negative cash flow or negative trends in earnings. Access to alternative financing may be limited to finance companies for business borrowers and may be unavailable for commercial real estate borrowers. 111 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 4 - Loans Receivable (continued) Substandard A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Borrowers may exhibit recent or unexpected unprofitable operations, an inadequate debt service coverage ratio, or marginal liquidity and capitalization. These loans require more intense supervision by Company management. Doubtful A doubtful loan has all the weaknesses inherent as a substandard loan with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following table presents the balances of classified loans based on the risk grade. The Company grades all credit cards loans as Pass. Classified loans include Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful loans: Classified Loans (in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total December 31, 2018 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total Pass(1) Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total $ $ $ $ 425,661 $ 340,313 198,702 145,178 46,412 1,285 1,157,551 $ 405,532 $ 274,247 154,643 117,670 34,673 1,202 987,967 $ — $ 6,345 — 4,505 — — 10,850 $ 118 $ 2,958 843 3,844 — — 7,763 $ 2,265 $ 1,433 — 1,426 — — 5,124 $ 2,194 $ 1,486 2,100 750 — — 6,530 $ — $ — — — — — — $ — $ — — — — — — $ 427,926 348,091 198,702 151,109 46,412 1,285 1,173,525 407,844 278,691 157,586 122,264 34,673 1,202 1,002,260 ________________________ (1) Pass includes loans graded exceptional, very good, good, satisfactory and pass/watch 112 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 4 - Loans Receivable (continued) Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified in troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. The status of TDRs is as follows: Troubled Debt Restructurings (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real estate: Residential Commercial Total Acquired loans included above December 31, 2018 Real estate: Residential Commercial Total Acquired loans included above Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Performing Nonperforming Total 3 $ 2 5 $ 3 $ 3 $ 1 4 $ 3 $ — $ — — $ — $ — $ — — $ — $ 145 $ 314 459 $ 145 $ 145 $ 139 284 $ 145 $ 145 314 459 145 145 139 284 145 During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company added one TDR which had a recorded investment of $198 thousand. Of the five loans designated as troubled debt restructure at December 31, 2019, two loans had a principal payment adjustment and three loans had changes in interest and payment terms. The Company had no defaulted TDR loans in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. Of the four loans designated as troubled debt restructured at December 31, 2018, three loans were classified as TDR due to changes in interest rates and payment terms, and one loan was due to a change in interest rate, payment terms and a principal reduction. There were three restructured loans charged off in the amount of $291 thousand and two performing restructured loans paid off for $3.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. 113 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 4 - Loans Receivable (continued) Outstanding loan commitments were as follows: Loan Commitments (in thousands) Unused lines of credit Commercial Commercial real estate Residential real estate Home equity Secured credit card Personal Construction commitments: Residential real estate Commercial real estate Commitments to originate residential loans held for sale Letters of credit For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ $ $ 41,346 $ 26,507 13,754 26,407 37,517 43 96,807 18,192 260,573 $ 2,646 $ 5,305 $ 52,083 8,980 12,853 27,243 29,142 126 72,424 6,358 209,209 647 6,216 Lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition of the contract. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Such lines do not represent future cash requirements because it is unlikely that all customers will draw upon their lines in full at any time. Loan commitments generally have variable interest rates, fixed expiration dates, and may require payment of a fee. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Company would be required to fund the commitment. The Company's maximum exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the customer is the contractual amount of the credit commitment. Loan commitments and lines of credit are made on the same terms, including collateral, as outstanding loans. The Company is not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these loan commitments. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the Company had an allowance for off-balance-sheet credit risk of $1.2 million and $1.1 million, recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. 114 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 4 - Loans Receivable (continued) The Company maintains a reserve for off balance sheet items such as unfunded lines of credit. Activity for this account is as follows: Off Balance Sheet Reserve (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period Add: Provision Add: Recoveries Less: Charge-offs Balance at end of period 2019 2018 $ $ 1,053 $ 173 — — 1,226 $ 901 152 — — 1,053 The Company makes representations and warranties that loans sold to investors meet their program's guidelines and that the information provided by the borrowers is accurate and complete. In the event of a default on a loan sold, the investor may make a claim for losses due to document deficiencies, program non-compliance, early payment default, and fraud or borrower misrepresentations. The Company maintains a reserve for potential losses on mortgage loans sold. Activity in this reserve is as follows for the periods presented: Mortgage Loan Put-back Reserve (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period Add: Provision Add: Recoveries Less: Charge-offs Balance at end of period Note 5 - Premises and Equipment 2019 2018 $ $ 501 $ 184 — (109) 576 $ Premises and equipment and the related depreciation and amortization consist of the following: Premises and Equipment (in thousands) Leasehold improvements Furniture and equipment Vehicle Software Construction in progress Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization Premises and equipment Net lease asset Premises and equipment, net Depreciation and amortization expense 2019 2018 $ $ $ 1,688 $ 4,622 54 2,517 — 8,881 6,709 2,172 3,920 6,092 $ 1,113 $ 115 457 106 — (62) 501 1,686 4,430 54 2,405 19 8,594 5,619 2,975 — 2,975 1,085 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 6 - Leases On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases, as further explained in Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation. The Company’s primary leasing activities relate to certain real estate leases entered into in support of the Company’s branch operations and back office operations. As of January 1, 2019, the Company had leased five of its full service branches and five other locations for corporate/administration activities, operations, and loan production. All property leases under lease agreements have been been designated as operating leases. The Company does not have leases designated as finance leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are included in premises and equipment, and operating lease liabilities are included as other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The weighted average discount rate used was 2.24%. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease pre-payments. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which the Company has elected to account for separately as the non-lease component amounts are readily determinable under most leases. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s lease ROU assets and related lease liabilities were $3.9 million and $4.3 million, respectively, and have remaining terms ranging from 1 - 6 years, including extension options that the Company is reasonably certain will be exercised. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had not entered into any material leases that have not yet commenced. The Company’s lease information is summarized as follows: Leases (in thousands) Lease Right of Use Asset Lease asset Less: Accumulated amortization Net lease asset Lease Liability Lease liability Less: Accumulated amortization Net lease liability December 31, 2019 5,158 (1,238) 3,920 5,358 (1,067) 4,291 $ $ 116 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 6 - Leases (continued) Future minimum payments for operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more are as follows: Lease Payment Obligations (in thousands) Amounts due in: 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total lease payments December 31, 2019 $ $ 1,265 1,281 921 744 420 4,631 Operating lease and rent expense was $1.3 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 117 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments As part of its mortgage banking activities, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitments, which are commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding and the customers have locked into that interest rate. The Company then either locks the loan and rate in with an investor and commits to deliver the loan if settlement occurs (Best Efforts) or commits to deliver the locked loan to an investor in a binding (Mandatory) delivery program. Certain loans under rate lock commitments are covered under forward sales contracts. Forward sales contracts are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in mortgage banking revenue. Interest rate lock commitments and commitments to deliver loans to investors are considered derivatives. The market value of interest rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not readily ascertainable with precision because they are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. The Company determines the fair value of rate lock commitments and delivery contracts by measuring the fair value of the underlying asset, which is impacted by current interest rates and takes into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. On January 7, 2015, the Company entered into an interest rate swap transaction with a notional amount of $2 million. The swap qualifies as a derivative and is designated as a hedging instrument. The swap fixed the interest rate the Company paid on the floating rate junior subordinated debentures for four years beginning on March 16, 2015 and matured on March 16, 2019. Based on the notional amount, the Company paid its counterparty quarterly interest at a fixed rate, and counterparty paid the Company interest at a rate of three‑month LIBOR plus 1.87%. The following table reports the commitment and fair value amounts on the outstanding derivatives: Derivatives (in thousands) Notional amount of open forward sales agreements Fair value of open forward delivery sales agreements Notional amount of open mandatory delivery commitments Fair value of open mandatory delivery commitments Notional amount of interest rate lock commitments Fair value of interest rate lock commitments Fair value of interest rate swap 118 December 31, 2019 $ December 31, 2018 61,000 $ (125) 22,888 115 32,365 122 — 25,000 (253) 4,256 59 18,776 108 5 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 8 - Interest-Bearing Deposits Major categories of interest bearing deposits are as follows: Interest-Bearing Deposits (in thousands) Interest-bearing demand accounts Money market accounts Savings Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more Other time deposits Total interest-bearing deposits 2019 2018 $ $ 174,166 $ 429,078 3,675 115,311 211,414 933,644 $ 85,747 288,896 2,866 99,412 236,060 712,981 The aggregate amount of brokered certificates of deposit was $88.8 million and $114.3 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The aggregate amount of Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) deposits was $5.0 million and $45.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, our certificates of deposit from listing services amounted to $78.2 million or 6.4% of our deposits. As of December 31, 2019, certificates of deposit mature as follows: Maturities of Certificates of Deposit (in thousands) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024, and thereafter $ 182,379 135,355 7,522 673 796 $ 326,725 Note 9 - Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase The Company formerly sold securities under repurchase agreements to provide cash management services to commercial account customers. These borrowings are summarized as follows: Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase (dollars in thousands) Average amount outstanding Average rate paid during the year Maximum amount outstanding at month end Investment securities pledged to secure the underlying agreements at year end: Amortized cost Fair value 119 $ $ $ 2019 2018 $ 1,287 1.75% 3,400 $ 10,596 1.38% 12,445 — $ — 16,032 15,862 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 10 - Borrowed Funds As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company was indebted as follows: Borrowed Funds (dollars in thousands) Correspondent Banks Total - Federal funds purchased FHLB principal reducing advances due May 10, 2022 FHLB advance due March 25, 2019 Total - FHLB advances Junior subordinated debentures due June 15, 2036 Other subordinated notes due December 1, 2025 Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs Total - Other borrowed funds Federal Home Loan Bank Advances 2019 2018 Balance Interest Balance Interest — — 32,222 — 32,222 2,062 13,500 (139) 15,423 $ $ $ $ —% 2.40% —% 3.76% 6.95% $ $ $ $ 2,000 2,000 — 2,000 2,000 2,062 13,500 (169) 15,393 3.28% —% 4.26% 4.68% 6.95% The Federal Home Loan Bank fixed rate advance requires a principal reduction and accrued interest payment on a monthly basis. Junior subordinated debentures In June 2006, the Company formed Capital Bancorp (MD) Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”) and on June 15, 2006, the Trust issued 2,000 floating Rate Capital Securities (the “Capital Securities”) with an aggregate liquidation value of $2,000,000 to a third party in a private placement. Concurrent with the issuance of the Capital Securities, the Trust issued trust common securities to the Company in the aggregate liquidation value of $62,000. The proceeds of the issuance of the Capital Securities and trust common securities were invested in the Company’s Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (the “Floating Rate Debentures”). The Floating Rate Debentures for the Trust will mature on June 15, 2036, which may be shortened if certain conditions are met (including the Company having received prior approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and any other required regulatory approvals). These Floating Rate Debentures, which are the only assets of the Trust, are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness (as defined in the Indenture dated June 15, 2006) of the Company. The Floating Rate Debentures for the Trust accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 1.89%, payable quarterly. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the rate for the Trust was 3.76% and 4.68%, respectively. The quarterly distributions on the Capital Securities will be paid at the same rate that interest is paid on the Floating Rate Debentures. The Company has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the Trust’s obligation under the Capital Securities. The Trust must redeem the Capital Securities when the Floating Rate Debentures are paid at maturity or upon any earlier prepayment of the Floating Rate Debentures. The Floating Rate Debentures may be prepaid if certain events occur, including a change in the tax status or regulatory capital treatment of the Capital Securities, or a change in existing laws that requires the Trust to register as an investment company. The junior subordinated debentures are treated as Tier 1 capital, to a limited extent, by the Federal Reserve. 120 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 10 - Borrowed Funds (Continued) Other subordinated notes On November 24, 2015, the Company issued $13.5 million of subordinated notes. The notes mature on December 1, 2025 and are all callable December 1, 2020. The notes bear interest at 6.95% for the first five years, then adjust to the three‑month LIBOR plus 5.33% adjusted on March 1, June 1, September 1, and December 1 of each year. Interest is payable quarterly. There were related debt issuance costs incurred totaling $278,231. The costs are amortized to interest expense through the maturity date of the notes. Available lines of credit The Company has available lines of credit of $28.0 million with other correspondent banks. There were no outstanding line of credit balances at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2018, $2.0 million was outstanding, and was paid off on January 2, 2019. The Company may borrow up to 25% of its assets from the FHLB, based on collateral available to pledge to secure the borrowings. Borrowings from the FHLB are secured by a portion of the Company’s loan and/or investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had pledged loans providing borrowing capacity of $193.7 million and $235.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had pledged investment securities with a fair value of $1.5 million and $6.7 million, respectively, to the FHLB. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had available borrowing capacity, net of advances and amounts pledged for letters of credit, from the FHLB of $140.5 million and $185.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had pledged commercial loans to the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond to provide a borrowing capacity totaling $12.5 million and $13.1 million, respectively, under its discount window program. There were no advances outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company limits its certificate of deposit funding through a financial network to 15% of the Bank’s assets, or approximately $209.5 million and $161.2 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The balance outstanding was $88.8 million and $114.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Note 11 - Retirement Plan The Company provides a defined contribution plan qualifying under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code to eligible employees. The Company contributes 3% of eligible compensation on behalf of all full‑time employees up to limits prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code. The Company’s contribution to the plan was $691 thousand in 2019 and $553 thousand in 2018. Note 12 - Related-Party Transactions Certain executive officers and directors of the Company and Bank, and companies with which they are affiliated, are clients of and have banking transactions with the Company in the ordinary course of business. These transactions are conducted on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not related to the Company. 121 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 12 - Related-Party Transactions (continued) Activity in related-party loans during 2019 and 2018 is shown below: Related Party Loans (in thousands) Balance at beginning of year Add: New loans Less: Amounts collected Add (deduct): Relationship changes Balance at end of year 2019 2018 $ $ 13,221 $ 14,583 (5,692) — 22,112 $ 16,268 2,093 (3,588) (1,552) 13,221 Deposits from officers and directors and their related interests were $141.3 million at December 31, 2019, and $155.8 million at December 31, 2018. A director of the Company owns an interest in an entity from which the Company leases space for one of its Rockville, Maryland locations. Payments made in accordance with the lease were $74 thousand and $566 thousand in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in 2019 lease payments is due to the fact that the Company reduced the amount of space leased. Company directors, or their related interests, held $1.0 million of the convertible subordinated notes outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. This note carries a fixed rate of interest until December 1, 2020, after which it converts to variable rate. Company directors, or their related interests, held $171 thousand and $4.5 million of participation loans from the Bank as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Company and Bank directors, or their related interests, held $364 thousand and $2.0 million of participation loans from Church Street Capital as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 122 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 13 - Income Taxes The components of income tax expense are as follows: Income Tax Expense (in thousands) Current: Federal State Total current expense Deferred tax benefit Total income tax expense The components of the net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are: Net Deferred Tax Asset (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Allowance for loan and credit losses Reserve for recourse on mortgage loans sold Nonaccrual interest Foreclosed real estate write-downs Stock-based compensation Long-term incentive program Core deposit intangible Unrealized loss on investment securities available for sale Net operating loss carryforward Deferred tax liabilities: Unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale Unrealized gain on cash flow hedging derivative Unrealized gain on loans held for sale Accumulated depreciation Deferred casualty gain Other Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance Less: Valuation allowance Net deferred tax asset 123 For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ 5,151 $ 1,507 6,658 (839) 5,819 $ 3,696 1,427 5,123 (141) 4,982 2019 2018 $ $ 3,977 $ 158 19 3 251 266 21 — 178 4,873 5 — 72 355 1 — 433 4,440 177 4,263 $ 3,384 138 63 3 239 189 24 227 244 4,511 — 2 51 516 1 43 613 3,898 244 3,654 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 13 - Income Taxes (continued) The differences between the federal income tax rate and the effective tax rate for the Company are reconciled as follows: Reconciliation of Federal Tax Rate to the Effective Rate Statutory federal income tax rate Increase (decrease) resulting from: State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit Nondeductible expenses Tax exempt income Other Effective Tax Rate 2019 2018 21.00 % 6.02 0.73 (0.03) (2.10) 25.62 % 21.00 % 6.35 0.42 (0.04) 0.34 28.07 % Deferred tax assets represent the future tax benefit of deductible differences and, if it is more likely than not that a tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the net deferred tax assets to net realizable value. As of December 31, 2019, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the majority of the deferred tax asset from continuing operations will be realized. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, a valuation allowance of $177 thousand and $244 thousand was recognized, respectively, for a State of Maryland net operating loss carryforward that may not be realizable. The Company does not have material uncertain tax positions and did not recognize any adjustments for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company remains subject to examination of income tax returns for the years ending after December 31, 2015 . Note 14 - Capital Standards The Company and Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting, and other factors. Quantitative measures established and defined by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Total, Tier 1 and Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the capital levels of the Company and the Bank substantially exceeded all applicable capital adequacy requirements. 124 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 14 - Capital Standards (continued) As of December 31, 2019 the most recent notification from the OCC has categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain ratios as set forth in the table. There have been no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 for the Bank under the Basel III Capital Rules. The minimum required capital amounts presented include the minimum required capital levels as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 based on the phase-in provisions of the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules. Based on recent changes to the Federal Reserve’s definition of a “Small Bank Holding Company” that increased the threshold to $3 billion in assets, the Company is not currently subject to separate minimum capital measurements. At such time as the Company reaches the $3 billion asset level, it will again be subject to capital measurements independent of the Bank. For comparison purposes, the Company’s ratios are presented in the following table as well, all of which would have exceeded the “well-capitalized” level had the Company been subject to separate capital minimums. Regulatory Capital (Dollar amounts in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Actual Minimum Capital Adequacy To Be Well Capitalized Full Phase In of Basel III December 31, 2019 The Company Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) The Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) December 31, 2018 The Company Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) The Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) $ $ $ $ 135,380 135,380 133,318 149,142 9.96% $ 12.31% 12.12% $ 13.56% $ 54,397 66,011 49,508 88,015 4.00% 6.00% 4.50% 8.00% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $ 67,996 88,015 71,512 110,018 114,613 114,613 114,613 127,976 8.65% $ 10.73% 10.73% 11.98% 53,005 64,093 48,070 85,458 4.00% $ 6.00% 4.50% 8.00% 66,256 85,458 69,434 106,822 5.00% $ 8.00% 6.50% 10.00% 66,256 85,458 69,434 106,822 117,220 117,220 115,158 128,544 10.76% $ 12.95% 12.73% 14.21% 43,575 71,259 57,686 89,356 4.00% 7.88% 6.38% 9.88% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $ 43,575 76,914 63,341 95,012 96,122 96,122 96,122 107,061 9.06% $ 11.00% 11.00% 12.25% 42,445 68,822 55,713 86,301 4.00% $ 7.88% 6.38% 9.88% 53,056 69,914 56,805 87,393 5.00% $ 8.00% 6.50% 10.00% 42,445 74,284 61,175 91,763 5.00% 8.00% 6.50% 10.00% 5.00% 8.00% 6.50% 10.00% 4.00% 8.50% 7.00% 10.50% 4.00% 8.50% 7.00% 10.50% 125 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees. Compensation cost is measured as the fair value of these awards on their date of grant. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used as the fair value of restricted stock awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period for stock option awards and as the restriction period for restricted stock awards. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The expense recognition of employee stock option and restricted stock awards resulted in net expense of approximately $858 thousand and $724 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. All share and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Stock Split. Refer to Notes 1 and 20 for additional information. Stock options: The Company currently has two incentive compensation plans with outstanding stock options, the 2002 Stock Option Plan and the 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (“the Plan”). Only the Plan, which authorizes the use of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and/or restricted stock, is available to grant options and shares to employees and directors. At inception the Plan allowed for up to 1,120,000 shares of common stock to be issued. As of December 31, 2019, there are 302,363 shares available for future grant. Shares of common stock related to any unexercised or unvested award granted under the Plan that terminate or expire, or are subsequently forfeited or cancelled for any reason, become available for re-grant under the Plan. Option prices are equal to or greater than the estimated fair value of the common stock at the date of grant. Options outstanding vest over a four-year period, whereby 25% of the options become exercisable on each anniversary of the grant date. Information with respect to options outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows: Stock Options Outstanding Outstanding at beginning of year Add: Granted Less: Exercised Less: Retired on exercise Less: Expired/cancelled/forfeited Outstanding at end of year Exercisable at end of year 2019 2018 Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price 1,431,860 $ 249,300 (221,710) (141,955) (9,448) 1,308,047 $ 592,782 $ 9.38 14.29 6.88 6.90 10.89 11.00 9.40 1,363,444 $ 373,750 (230,894) (37,240) (37,200) 1,431,860 $ 643,610 $ 8.01 11.44 5.67 5.07 7.34 9.38 7.78 The weighted average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, was $4.30 and $2.56, respectively. 126 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation (continued) A summary of information about stock options outstanding is as follows: Stock Option Summary December 31, 2019 Total outstanding options Intrinsic value on December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Total outstanding options Intrinsic value on December 31, 2018 Weighted Average Exercise Price Average Remaining Life (years) Outstanding Shares Exercisable Shares $ $ 7.50 8.50 11.38 11.41 12.38 12.80 14.54 11.00 6.63 7.50 8.50 11.38 12.38 12.80 9.38 1.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.8 5.0 3.1 236,212 202,435 346,500 20,000 266,600 7,000 229,300 1,308,047 $ 5,089,032 $ 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 4.8 3.1 283,886 297,348 222,276 354,750 266,600 7,000 1,431,860 $ 3,178,491 $ 231,212 142,885 86,635 — 130,300 1,750 — 592,782 3,256,491 268,886 207,898 103,176 — 63,650 — 643,610 2,399,743 The aggregate intrinsic value as presented in the preceding tables is the difference between the estimated fair value of the stock as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the exercise price of the option multiplied by the number of options outstanding. Stock options with exercise prices greater than the estimated fair value of the stock are not included in this calculation. Total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options to be recognized over the next five years was $1.7 million and $1.4 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $1.8 million and $1.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The weighted average fair value of options granted during 2019 and 2018 were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: Stock Option Pricing Assumptions Dividend yield Risk free interest rate Expected volatility Expected life in years 2019 0.00% 1.75% 34.79% 5 2018 0.00% 2.53% 18.94% 5 127 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation (continued) Restricted stock: The Company from time-to-time also grants shares of restricted stock to key employees. These awards help align the interests of these employees with the interests of the stockholders of the Company by providing economic value directly related to increases in the value of the Company’s stock. These awards typically hold service requirements over various vesting periods. The value of the stock awarded is established as the fair market value of the stock at the time of the grant. The Company recognizes expense, equal to the total value of such awards, ratably over the vesting period of the stock grants. All restricted stock agreements are conditioned upon continued employment. Termination of employment prior to a vesting date, as described below, would terminate any interest in non-vested shares. All restricted shares will fully vest in the event of change in control of the Company. Nonvested restricted stock for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized in the following table. Restricted Stock Summary Nonvested at beginning of year Add: Granted Less: Vested Less: Forfeited Nonvested at end of year 2019 2018 Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value 38,000 $ — (18,500) — 19,500 $ 10.32 — 8.16 — 12.38 42,000 $ 12,000 (16,000) — 38,000 $ The vesting schedule of restricted shares as of December 31, 2019 is as follows: Restricted Stock Vesting Schedule Year 2020 2021 2022 2023 Shares At December 31, 2019 there was $176 thousand of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock. At December 31, 2018, there was $230 thousand of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock. 128 8.66 12.38 7.50 — 10.32 5,500 5,500 5,500 3,000 19,500 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 16 - Parent Company Financial Information The balance sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and statements of income and cash flows for the years then ended, for Capital Bancorp, Inc. (Parent only) are presented below. All share and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Stock Split. Refer to Note 1 for additional information. Parent Company Only Balance Sheets (in thousands) Assets Cash and cash equivalents Investment in Bank Investment in Church Street Capital Investment in Trust Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $258 and $208 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively Accrued interest receivable Due from subsidiaries Prepaid income taxes Deferred income taxes Other assets Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Borrowed funds Accrued interest payable Other Liabilities Total liabilities Stockholders’ equity Common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 129 2019 2018 $ 2,391 $ 114,626 3,755 62 28,044 98 16 9 65 — 3,768 95,524 3,284 62 27,032 106 54 90 18 134 $ $ $ 149,066 $ 130,072 15,423 $ 82 230 15,735 139 51,561 81,618 13 133,331 149,066 $ 15,393 81 34 15,508 137 49,321 65,701 (595) 114,564 130,072 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 16 - Parent Company Financial Information (continued) Parent Company Only Statements of Income (in thousands) Interest and dividend revenue Dividend from Bank Total interest and dividend revenue Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Net interest income after provision for loan losses Noninterest income Noninterest expenses Income before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Income before undistributed net income of subsidiaries Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries Net income 130 2019 2018 $ $ 1,650 $ 3,500 5,150 1,054 4,096 50 4,046 5 (180) 3,871 (78) 3,793 13,102 16,895 $ 577 4,250 4,827 1,071 3,756 164 3,592 8 (248) 3,352 188 3,540 9,227 12,767 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 16 - Parent Company Financial Information (continued) Parent Company Only Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net Income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Provision for loan losses Equity in undistributed income-subsidiary (Increase) decrease in receivable from subsidiary bank Stock-based compensation expense Director and employee compensation paid in Company stock Deferred income tax benefit Amortization of debt issuance costs Changes in assets and liabilities: Accrued interest receivable Prepaid income taxes and taxes payable Other assets Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Net increase in loans receivable Capital injections to subsidiaries Net cash provided by investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Repayment of debt Repurchase of common stock Proceeds from exercise of stock options Proceeds from shares sold Proceeds from initial public offering, net Net cash provided by financing activities 2019 2018 16,895 12,767 50 (13,102) 38 795 301 (47) 30 8 81 (663) 1 195 4,582 (1,062) (5,120) (6,182) — (371) 594 — — 223 164 (9,227) (148) 570 496 (141) 32 (23) 45 (169) (1) — 4,365 (19,988) (367) (20,355) (2,000) (45) 1,043 198 19,764 18,960 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year (1,377) 2,970 3,768 798 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 2,391 $ 3,768 131 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 17 - Fair Value Generally accepted accounting principles define fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value, recommend disclosures about fair value, and establish a hierarchy for determining fair value measurement. The hierarchy includes three levels and is based upon the valuation techniques used to measure assets and liabilities. The three levels are as follows: Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation method are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation method include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation method are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Fair value measurements on a recurring basis Investment securities available for sale - The fair values of the Company's investment securities available for sale are provided by an independent pricing service. The fair values of the Company's securities are determined based on quoted prices for similar securities under Level 2 inputs. Loans held for sale - The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for a similar asset, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan. Derivative financial instruments - Derivative instruments used to hedge residential mortgage loans held for sale and the related interest rate lock commitments include forward commitments to sell mortgage loans and are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based on derivative market data inputs as of the valuation date and the underlying value of mortgage loans for rate lock commitments. The interest rate swap is reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains dealer quotations to value its swap. For purposes of potential valuation adjustments to its derivative position, the Company evaluates the credit risk of its counterparty. Accordingly, the Company has considered factors such as the likelihood of default by the counterparty and the remaining contractual life, among other things, in determining if any fair value adjustment related to credit risk is required. 132 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 17 - Fair Value (continued) The Company has categorized its financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 as follows: Fair Value of Financial Instruments (in thousands) December 31, 2019 Investment securities available for sale U.S. government-sponsored enterprises Municipal Corporate Mortgage-backed securities Loans held for sale Derivative assets Derivative liabilities December 31, 2018 Investment securities available for sale U.S. government-sponsored enterprises Municipal Corporate Mortgage-backed securities Loans held for sale Derivative assets Derivative liabilities Total Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 999 $ 528 2,565 56,736 60,828 $ 71,030 $ 237 $ 125 $ 17,360 $ 501 2,885 26,186 46,932 $ 18,526 $ 172 $ 253 $ — $ — — — — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — — — — $ — $ — $ — $ 999 $ 528 2,565 56,736 60,828 $ 71,030 $ 237 $ 125 $ 17,360 $ 501 2,885 26,186 46,932 $ 18,526 $ 172 $ 253 $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Financial instruments recorded using FASB ASC 825-10 Under FASB ASC 825-10, the Company may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in net income. After the initial adoption, the election is made at the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election, with respect to an item, may not be revoked once an election is made. The following table reflects the difference between the fair value carrying amount of loans held for sale, measured at fair value under FASB ASC 825-10, and the aggregate unpaid principal amount the Company is contractually entitled to receive at maturity: Fair Value of Loans Held for Sale (in thousands) Loans held for sale Aggregate fair value Contractual principal Difference 2019 2018 $ $ $ 71,030 $ 67,118 $ 3,912 $ 18,526 17,822 704 133 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 17 - Fair Value (continued) As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company elected to account for loans held for sale at fair value to eliminate the mismatch that would occur by recording changes in market value on derivative instruments used to hedge loans held for sale while carrying the loans at the lower of cost or market. Fair value measurements on a nonrecurring basis Impaired loans - The Company has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan's collateral and discounted cash flow analysis. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the fair values consist of loan balances of $4.1 million and $4.4 million, with valuation allowances of $119 thousand and $262 thousand, respectively. Foreclosed real estate - The Company's foreclosed real estate is measured at fair value less cost to sell. Fair value was determined based on offers and/or appraisals. Cost to sell the real estate was based on standard market factors. The Company has categorized its foreclosed real estate as Level 3. Fair Value of Impaired Loans and Foreclosed Real Estate (in thousands) Impaired loans Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Total Foreclosed real estate Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Total 2019 2018 — $ — 3,980 3,980 $ — — 2,384 2,384 $ — — 4,093 4,093 — — 142 142 $ $ $ The following table provides information describing the unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2019 and 2018: Impaired Loans Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Appraised Value/Discounted Cash Flows Discounts to appraisals or cash flows for estimated holding and/or selling costs Foreclosed Real Estate Appraised Value/Comparable Sales Discounts to appraisals for estimated holding and/or selling costs General Range of Inputs 0 - 25% 0 - 25% Inputs Fair value of financial instruments Fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practical to estimate the value is based upon the characteristics of the instruments and relevant market information. Financial instruments include cash, evidence of ownership in an entity, or contracts that convey or impose on an entity that contractual right or obligation to either receive or deliver cash for another financial instrument. 134 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 17 - Fair Value (continued) The information used to determine fair value is highly subjective and judgmental in nature and, therefore, the results may not be precise. Subjective factors include, among other things, estimates of cash flows, risk characteristics, credit quality, and interest rates, all of which are subject to change. Since the fair value is estimated as of the balance sheet date, the amounts that will actually be realized or paid upon settlement or maturity on these various instruments could be significantly different. As of December 31, 2019, the technique used by the Company to estimate the exit price of the loan portfolio consists of similar procedures to those used as of December 31, 2018, but with added emphasis on both illiquidity risk and credit risk not captured by the previously applied entry price notion. The fair value of the Company’s loan portfolio has always included a credit risk assumption in the determination of the fair value of its loans. This credit risk assumption is intended to approximate the fair value that a market participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction. The Company’s loan portfolio is initially fair valued using a segmented approach. The Company divides its loan portfolio into the following categories: variable rate loans, impaired loans, and all other loans. The results are then adjusted to account for credit risk as described above. However, under the new guidance, the Company believes a further credit risk discount must be applied through the use of a discounted cash flow model to compensate for illiquidity risk, based on certain assumptions included within the discounted cash flow model, primarily the use of discount rates that better capture inherent credit risk over the lifetime of a loan. This consideration of enhanced credit risk provides an estimated exit price for the Company’s loan portfolio. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and have no significant change in credit risk, fair values approximate carrying values. Fair values for impaired loans are estimated using discounted cash flow models or based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, interest bearing deposits at other financial institutions, federal funds sold and restricted investments is the carrying amount. Restricted stock includes equity of the Federal Reserve and other banker’s banks. The fair value of noninterest bearing deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase is the carrying amount. The fair value of checking and savings deposits, and money market accounts, is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Fair value of fixed maturity term accounts and individual retirement accounts is estimated using rates currently offered for accounts of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of certificates of deposit in other financial institutions is estimated based on interest rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of borrowings is estimated by discounting the value of contractual cash flows using current market rates for borrowings with similar terms and remaining maturities. The fair value of outstanding loan commitments, unused lines of credit, and letters of credit are not included in the table since the carrying value generally approximates fair value. These instruments generate fees that approximate those currently charged to originate similar commitments. 135 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 17 - Fair Value (continued) The table below presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments (in thousands). Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (in thousands) Financial assets Level 1 Cash and due from banks Interest bearing deposits at other financial institutions Federal funds sold Restricted investments Level 3 Loans receivable, net Financial liabilities Level 1 Noninterest-bearing deposits Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Level 3 Interest-bearing deposits FHLB advances and other borrowed funds December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value 10,530 $ 102,447 1,847 3,966 10,530 $ 102,447 1,847 3,966 10,431 $ 22,007 2,285 2,503 10,431 22,007 2,285 2,503 1,157,820 $ 1,155,922 $ 988,960 $ 979,058 291,777 $ 291,777 $ — — 242,259 $ 3,332 933,644 47,645 934,349 47,678 712,981 19,393 242,259 3,332 711,876 19,447 $ $ $ $ 136 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 18 - Segments The Company’s reportable segments represent product line divisions and are viewed separately for strategic planning purposes by management. The four segments include Commercial Banking, Capital Bank Home Loans (the Company’s mortgage loan division), and OpenSky® (the Company’s credit card division) and the Corporate Office. The following schedule presents financial information for each reportable segment at December 31, 2019. Segments (in thousands) Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Noninterest income Noninterest expense Net income before taxes Total assets Note 19 - Litigation $ $ Commercial Bank $ 60,385 $ CBHL OpenSky® Corporate Eliminations Consolidated 2,901 $ 18,394 $ 2,330 $ 14,536 45,849 2,015 744 31,173 887 2,014 — 16,115 14,456 — 18,394 726 7,654 20,654 1,075 1,255 50 5 242 (656) $ (656) — — — — 13,405 $ 3,673 $ 4,668 $ 968 $ — $ 83,354 15,842 67,512 2,791 24,518 66,525 22,714 1,275,683 $ 71,899 $ 49,352 $ 35,239 $ (3,678) $ 1,428,495 As previously reported in the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Bank, along with two other banking institutions, was a defendant in a lawsuit to which on April 9, 2019, the Bank entered into a Settlement Agreement and Joint Tortfeasor Release with the plaintiff. All amounts paid by the Bank were fully funded by its insurance carrier except for $200,000 which was accrued at March 31, 2019 and paid in April, 2019. The Settlement includes a release of all claims in the lawsuit that were or could have been brought and precludes further proceedings. In addition to the lawsuit described above, the Company is involved in legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. The aggregate effect of these, in management’s opinion, would not be material on the results of operations or financial condition of the Company. 137 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2019 and 2018 Note 20 - Quarterly Results of Operations (unaudited) The following table presents condensed unaudited information relating to quarterly periods in 2019 and 2018. All share and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Stock Split. Refer to Note 1 for additional information. Quarterly Results of Operations (in thousands) Interest Income Interest Expense Net Interest Income Provision for Loan Losses Noninterest Income Noninterest Expense Income Before Provision for Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Net Income Basic earnings per common share Diluted earnings per common share Note 21 - Subsequent Events $ $ $ $ 2019 2018 Dec 31 Sept 30 Jun 30 Mar 31 Dec 31 Sept 30 Jun 30 Mar 31 22,393 $ 4,339 18,054 921 7,278 17,757 6,654 1,581 5,073 $ 22,354 $ 4,170 18,184 1,071 7,220 18,228 6,105 1,625 4,480 $ 20,289 $ 3,758 16,531 677 5,927 16,210 5,571 1,548 4,023 $ 18,318 $ 3,574 14,744 121 4,092 14,330 4,385 1,066 3,319 $ 18,238 $ 3,348 14,890 500 3,466 13,094 4,762 1,276 3,486 $ 17,447 $ 2,955 14,492 495 4,240 13,900 4,337 1,190 3,147 $ 16,778 $ 2,657 14,121 630 4,340 13,529 4,302 1,158 3,144 $ 16,664 2,279 14,385 515 4,078 13,600 4,348 1,358 2,990 0.37 $ 0.36 $ 0.33 $ 0.32 $ 0.30 $ 0.29 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.26 $ 0.25 $ 0.27 $ 0.26 $ 0.26 $ 0.26 $ 0.26 0.25 Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Non-recognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date. 138 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Report by Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an effective system of internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management has assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2019, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting based on those criteria. Elliott Davis, PLLC, the independent registered public accounting firm, audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Their report is included in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.” The Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting from the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm due to the transition period established by the SEC for an Emerging Growth Company. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth quarter of 2019 to which this report relates that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. 139 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PART III The information required by this Item with respect to our directors and certain corporate governance practices is contained in our Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Such information is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this Item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Information relating to securities authorized for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plans is included in Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.” ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. 140 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES PART IV (a)(1), (2) and (c) The following financial statements are incorporated by reference from Item 8 hereof: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (a)(3) and (b) Exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K. 141 INDEX TO EXHIBITS Exhibit Number Description 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 23.1 31.1 31.2 32 101 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on August 31, 2018) Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on August 31, 2018) Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Description of Registrant’s Securities Long-term borrowing instruments are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. The Company undertakes to furnish copies of such instruments to the SEC upon request. Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on August 31, 2018) Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2019, by and among Capital Bancorp, Inc., Capital Bank, N.A. and Edward F. Barry (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 10, 2019) Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2013 between Capital Bank, N.A. and Scot R. Browning (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on August 31, 2018) Employment Contract, dated November 17, 2017, by and among Capital Bancorp, Inc., Capital Bank, N.A. and Alan W. Jackson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019, filed on May 14, 2019) Consent of Elliott Davis, PLLC Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer The following materials from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Capital Bancorp, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2019, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. 142 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES CAPITAL BANCORP, INC. By:/s/ Edward F. Barry Edward F. Barry Chief Executive Officer Dated: March 16, 2020 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 143 Signature Title Date By: /s/ Edward F. Barry Edward F. Barry By: /s/ Alan W. Jackson Alan W. Jackson By: /s/ Stephen N. Ashman Stephen N. Ashman By: /s/ C. Scott Brannan C. Scott Brannan By: /s/ Scot. R. Browning Scot R. Browning By: /s/ Joshua Bernstein Joshua Bernstein By: /s/ Michael Burke Michael Burke By: /s/ Randall. J. Levitt Randall J. Levitt By: /s/ Deborah Ratner Salzberg Deborah Ratner Salzberg By: /s/ Steven J. Schwartz Steven J. Schwartz By: /s/ James F. Whalen James F. Whalen March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 March 16, 2020 Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Chairman of the Board of Directors Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 144 DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES Exhibit 4.2 As of December 31, 2019, Capital Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” or “our”) had one class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”): our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“common stock”). General DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK The following description of the current terms of our common stock is a summary and is not meant to be complete. It is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), federal law, our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (the “Articles”) and our Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”). Authorized Capital Stock Our Articles authorize us to issue up to 49,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. Voting Rights Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, except as otherwise required by law and subject to the rights and preferences of the holders of any outstanding shares of our preferred stock. The members of our board of directors (the “Board”) are elected by a plurality of the votes cast. Our Articles expressly prohibit cumulative voting. No Preemptive or Similar Rights Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive or subscription rights to acquire any authorized but unissued shares of our capital stock upon any future issuance of shares. Dividend Rights Subject to certain regulatory restrictions and to the rights of holders of any preferred stock that we may issue, all shares of our common stock are entitled to share equally in dividends from legally available funds, when, as, and if declared by our Board. Liquidation Rights Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, all shares of our common stock would be entitled to share equally in all of our remaining assets available for distribution to our shareholders after payment of creditors and subject to any prior distribution rights related to our preferred stock. Restrictions on Ownership The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”), generally permits a company to acquire control of the Company with the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. However, any such company is restricted to banking activities, other activities closely related to the banking business as determined by the Federal Reserve Board and, for some companies, certain other financial activities. The BHC Act defines control in general as ownership of 25% or more of any class of voting securities, the authority to appoint a majority of the board of directors or other exercise of a controlling influence. Federal Reserve Board regulations provide that ownership of 5% or less of a class of voting securities is not control. As a policy matter, if a company owns more than 7.5% of a class of voting securities, the Federal Reserve Board expects the company to consult with the agency and in some cases will require the company to enter into passivity or anti-association commitments. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the Federal Reserve Board, the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting stock of a bank holding company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, such as the Company following the offering, would, under the circumstances set forth in the presumption, constitute acquisition of control of the bank holding company. Business Combinations under Our Articles and Maryland Law Consideration of Business Combinations Our Articles provide that when our Board evaluates any actual or proposed business combination, it shall consider the following factors: the effect of the business combination on the Company and its subsidiaries, and their respective shareholders, employees, customers and the communities which they serve; the timing of the proposed business combination; the risk that the proposed business combination will not be consummated; the reputation, management capability and performance history of the person proposing the business combination; the current market price of our capital stock; the relation of the price offered to the current value of the Company in a freely negotiated transaction and in relation to our directors’ estimate of the future value of the Company and its subsidiaries as an independent entity or entities; tax consequences of the business combination to the Company and its shareholders; and such other factors deemed by the directors to be relevant. In such considerations, our Board may consider all or some of such factors as a whole and may or may not assign relative weights to any of them. The foregoing is not intended as a definitive list of factors to be considered by our Board in the discharge of its fiduciary responsibility to the Company and its shareholders, but rather to guide such consideration and to provide specific authority for the consideration by our Board of factors which are not purely economic in nature in light of the circumstances of the Company and its subsidiaries at the time of such proposed business combination. Our Articles provide that no business combination will be valid unless first approved by the affirmative vote of not less than 66.67% of the shares of the capital stock of the Company entitled to vote on the business combination; provided, that if the business combination has been approved prior to the vote of shareholders by a majority of our Board, the affirmative vote of the holders of record of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the Company entitled to vote on the business combination will be required to approve the business combination. Amendment of the Articles. In general and except for increases or decreases to our authorized shares of common stock and any class of capital stock, which may be approved by our Board without shareholder approval, our Articles may be amended upon the vote of holders of two-thirds of the shares of the Company entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class, which is the minimum vote required under Maryland law. Restrictions on Business Combinations with Interested Shareholders Section 3-602 of the MGCL, as in effect on the date hereof, imposes conditions and restrictions on certain “business combinations” (including, among other transactions, a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and any person who beneficially owns at least 10% of the corporation’s stock, or an interested shareholder. Unless approved in advance by the board of directors, or otherwise exempted by the statute, such a business combination is prohibited for a period of five years after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder. After such five-year period, a business 2 combination with an interested shareholder must be: (a) recommended by the corporation’s board of directors, and (b) approved by the affirmative vote of at least (i) 80% of the corporation’s outstanding shares entitled to vote and (ii) two-thirds of the outstanding shares entitled to vote which are not held by the interested shareholder with whom the business combination is to be effected, unless, among other things, the corporation’s common shareholders receive a “fair price” (as defined by the statute) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for his or her shares. As indicated above, our Articles provide that no business combination will be valid unless first approved by the affirmative vote of not less than 66.67% of the shares of the capital stock of the Company entitled to vote on the business combination; provided, however, that if the business combination has been approved prior to the vote of shareholders by a majority of our Board, the affirmative vote of the holders of record of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the Company entitled to vote on the business combination will be required to approve a business combination. Control Share Acquisition Statute Under the MGCL’s control share acquisition law, as in effect on the date hereof, voting rights of shares of stock of a Maryland corporation acquired by an acquiring person at ownership levels of 10%, 33 1/3% and 50% of the outstanding shares are denied unless conferred by a special shareholder vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares held by persons other than the acquiring person and officers and directors of the corporation or, among other exceptions, such acquisition of shares is made pursuant to a merger agreement with the corporation or the corporation’s charter or bylaws permit the acquisition of such shares prior to the acquiring person’s acquisition thereof. Unless a corporation’s charter or bylaws provide otherwise, the statute permits such corporation to redeem the acquired shares at “fair value” if the voting rights are not approved or if the acquiring person does not deliver a “control share acquisition statement” to the corporation on or before the tenth day after the control share acquisition. The acquiring person may call a shareholder’s meeting to consider authorizing voting rights for control shares subject to meeting disclosure obligations and payment of costs set out in the statute. If voting rights are approved for more than 50% of the outstanding stock, objecting shareholders may have their shares appraised and repurchased by the corporation for cash. Pursuant to the terms of our Bylaws, which were approved by our shareholders, we have opted out from the operation of the control share acquisition law. As such, the above described control share acquisition statute will not be applicable to us and will not apply to shares of stock acquired by a shareholder subsequent to the adoption of adoption of the bylaw provision that opts-out of control share acquisition law. Certain Provisions Potentially Having an Anti-Takeover Effect Our Articles and Bylaws contain certain provisions that may have the effect of deterring or discouraging, among other things, a non- negotiated tender or exchange offer for our common stock, a proxy contest for control of the Company, the assumption of control of the Company by a holder of a large block of our common stock and the removal of our directors or management. These provisions: • • • • • • • empower our Board, without shareholder approval, to issue our preferred stock, the terms of which, including voting power, are set by our Board; empower our Board, without shareholder approval, to amend our Articles to increase or decrease our authorized shares of common stock and any class of capital stock that we have the authority to issue; divide our Board into three classes serving staggered three-year terms; provide that directors may be removed from office for cause upon a majority shareholder vote and may only be removed from office without cause only upon a 66.67% shareholder vote; eliminate cumulative voting in elections of directors; permit our Board to alter, amend or repeal our Bylaws or to adopt new bylaws; require the request of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote at a meeting to call a special shareholders’ meeting; 3 • • • prohibit shareholder action by less than unanimous written consent, thereby requiring virtually all actions to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders; require shareholders that wish to bring business before our annual meeting of shareholders or nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of shareholders to provide timely notice of their intent in writing; and enable our Board to increase, between annual meetings, the number of persons serving as directors and to fill vacancies created as a result of the increase by a majority vote of the directors present at a meeting of directors. Our Bylaws may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of shareholder proposals if the established procedures for advance notice are not followed, or of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its proposal without regard to whether consideration of the nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to us and our shareholders. Stock Exchange Listing Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “CBNK.” Transfer Agent and Registrar The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC. 4 Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement No. 333-228524 on Form S-8 of Capital Bancorp, Inc. of our report dated March 16, 2020, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Capital Bancorp, Inc., which appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. /s/ Elliott Davis, PLLC Raleigh, North Carolina March 16, 2020 Section 2: EX-31.1 (RULE 13A-14(A) CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER) Exhibit 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer. Exhibit 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer. I, Ed Barry, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Capital Bancorp, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a- 15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 16, 2020 By: /s/ Ed Barry Ed Barry Chief Executive Officer Section 2: EX-31.2 (RULE 13A-14(A) CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER) Exhibit 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer. Exhibit 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer. I, Alan W. Jackson, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Capital Bancorp, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a- 15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 16, 2020 By: /s/ Alan W. Jackson Alan W. Jackson Chief Financial Officer Section 2: EX-32 (Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) Exhibit 32 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Exhibit 32 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of Capital Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the undersigned’s best knowledge and belief: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company. Date: March 16, 2020 By: /s/ Ed Barry Ed Barry Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Alan W. Jackson Alan W. Jackson Chief Financial Officer 

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