Capital Bancorp, Inc.
Annual Report 2022

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 OR For the Transition Period from to Commission file number 001-38671 CAPITAL BANCORP, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 2275 Research Boulevard, Suite 600, Rockville, Maryland 20850 (Address of principal executive offices) 52-2083046 (IRS Employer Identification No.) 20850 (Zip Code) (301) 468-8848 Registrant’s telephone number, including area code Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share Trading Symbol CBNK Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☐ ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☒ ☒ ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2022 was $186.7 million. As of March 14, 2023, the Registrant had 14,152,418 shares of common stock outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE The information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K will be found in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and such information is incorporated herein by this reference. Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on Form 10-K Index PART I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. PART II Item 5. Item 6 Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 9C. PART III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. PART IV Item 15. Item 16. SIGNATURES Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities [Reserved] Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Form 10K Summary 2 Page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT This Report on Form 10-K and oral statements made from time-to-time by our representatives contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on such statements because they are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties relating to our operations and the business environment in which we operate, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Forward- looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business strategy, expectations, beliefs, projections, anticipated events or trends, growth prospects, financial performance, and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. These statements often include words such as “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “intend,” “endeavor,” “plan,” “estimate,” “could,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” or “would,” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words and phrases. General Economic Conditions These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control, include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • economic conditions (including the interest rate environment, government economic and monetary policies, the strength of global financial markets and inflation/deflation) that impact the financial services industry as a whole and/or our business; the concentration of our business in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan areas and the effect of changes in economic, political and environmental conditions on these markets; our ability to prudently manage our growth and execute our strategy; our plans to grow our commercial real estate and commercial business loan portfolios which may carry material risks of non-payment or other unfavorable consequences; adequacy of reserves, including our allowance for loan losses; deterioration of our asset quality; risks associated with our residential mortgage banking business; risks associated with our OpenSky credit card division, including compliance with applicable consumer finance and fraud prevention regulations; ® results of examinations of us by our regulators, including the possibility that our regulators may, among other things, require us to increase our allowance for loan losses or to write-down assets; the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and our ability to remediate any future material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting; changes in the value of collateral securing our loans; our dependence on our management team and board of directors and changes in management and board composition; liquidity and operations risks associated with our business; 3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ◦ • • • • • • interest rate risk associated with our business, including sensitivity of our interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities to changes in interest rates, and the impact to our earnings from changes in interest rates; our ability to maintain important customer deposit relationships and our reputation; operational risks associated with our business; strategic acquisitions we may undertake to achieve our goals; the sufficiency of our capital, including sources of capital and the extent to which we may be required to raise additional capital to meet our goals; fluctuations in the fair value of our investment securities that are beyond our control; potential exposure to fraud, negligence, computer theft and cyber-crime; the adequacy of our risk management framework; our dependence on our information technology and telecommunications systems and the potential for any systems failures or interruptions; our dependence upon outside third parties for the processing and handling of our records and data; our ability to adapt to technological change; our engagement in derivative transactions; volatility and direction of market interest rates; increased competition in the financial services industry, particularly from regional and national institutions; the transition away from USD London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) and related uncertainty and costs regarding migration to potential alternative reference rates, including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”); our involvement from time to time in legal proceedings, examinations and remedial actions by regulators; changes in the laws, rules, regulations, interpretations or policies relating to financial institution, accounting, tax, trade, monetary and fiscal matters; the financial soundness of other financial institutions; further government intervention in the U.S. financial system; natural disasters and adverse weather, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, and other matters beyond our control; and other factors that are discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors. As you read and consider forward-looking statements, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or in our control. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, beliefs, and expectations, if a change occurs or our beliefs, assumptions, or expectations were incorrect, our business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations may vary materially from those 4 expressed in our forward-looking statements. You should be aware that many factors could affect our actual financial results or results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These factors include those described under Item 1A. hereunder. You should keep in mind that any forward-looking statement made by us speaks only as of the date on which we make it. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict these events or how they may affect us. We have no duty to, and do not intend to, and disclaim any obligation to, update or revise any industry information or forward-looking statements after the date on which they are made. In light of these risks and uncertainties, you should keep in mind that any forward-looking statement made in this document or elsewhere might not reflect actual results. PART I In this annual report, unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company” and “Capital” refer to Capital Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Capital Bank, N.A., which we sometimes refer to as “Capital Bank,” “the Bank” or “our Bank,” and Church Street Capital, LLC. “Church Street Capital” or “CSC” refer to our wholly owned subsidiary, Church Street Capital, LLC. ITEM 1. BUSINESS We are Capital Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company and a Maryland corporation established in 1998, operating primarily through our wholly owned subsidiary, Capital Bank, N.A., a commercial-focused community bank based in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. We serve businesses, not-for-profit associations and entrepreneurs throughout the region. Capital Bank is headquartered in Rockville, Maryland and operates a branch-lite model through four commercial bank branches, one mortgage office and two loan production offices. Capital Bank currently operates three divisions: Commercial Banking, Capital Bank Home Loans, and OpenSky . Our Commercial Banking division operates primarily in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas and focuses on providing personalized service to commercial clients throughout our area of operations. Capital Bank Home Loans and OpenSky both leverage Capital Bank’s national banking charter to operate as national consumer business lines; Capital Bank Home Loans acts as our residential mortgage origination platform and OpenSky provides nationwide, digitally-based, unsecured credit cards as well as secured credit cards to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores. ® ® ® In addition to the three divisions of Capital Bank, Church Street Capital also operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Capital Bancorp, Inc. CSC originates and services a portfolio of primarily mezzanine loans with certain characteristics that do not meet Capital Bank’s general underwriting standards, but command a higher rate of return. Initially, CSC typically sold participation interests in these loans to third parties (including to certain of the Company’s and Bank's directors), and retained exposure of as little as 10 percent. Beginning in 2019, CSC more typically retained 100% of the exposures. In all cases CSC had retained servicing of the loans, thereby maintaining a relationship with the customer. In addition to its subsidiaries discussed above, Capital Bank, N.A. and Church Street Capital, Capital Bancorp, Inc. owns all of the stock of Capital Bancorp (MD) Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”). The Trust is a special purpose non-consolidated entity organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. Commercial Banking Division The Commercial Banking division operates out of four full service banking locations, each of which is in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Statistical Area (“MSA”), and its full service banking location in Columbia, Maryland in the Baltimore, Maryland MSA. Additionally, we have two loan production offices, 5 one located in the Washington, D.C. area and one in Columbia, Maryland. Our Commercial Banking division’s commercial loan officers and commercial real estate loan officers provide commercial and industrial, or C&I, commercial real estate and construction lending solutions to business clients in Capital Bank’s operating markets. Construction lending is a core competency of our Commercial Banking division. Our construction loan portfolio provides Capital Bank with short duration and higher yield loans. Our construction lending is focused on commercial and residential construction projects within the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland metropolitan operating areas, with limited exposure to suburban subdivision tract development. In addition to its loan officers who have incentives and goals to drive core deposit growth, our Commercial Banking division currently has a team of business development officers concentrating on continuing to diversify Capital Bank’s funding sources away from wholesale funding and towards core deposit funding. Capital Bank Home Loans Division Capital Bank Home Loans (“CBHL”) originates conventional and government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans on a national basis, for sale into the secondary market and in certain circumstances for our loan portfolio. Loans sold into the secondary market are sold servicing released. Our residential loan portfolio aims to retain high-quality, lower risk loans which support the Company’s business strategies. A portion of the retained residential portfolio is represented by mortgage loans on primary residences within Capital Bank’s operating markets to individuals who own businesses where Capital Bank may also pursue a commercial lending relationship and has a vested interest in maintaining the fullest possible control of the lending relationship. In 2022, as the mortgage refinance market continued to contract in response to increasing market interest rates, CBHL continued to focus on purchase originations. Purchase origination volume was 80.6 percent for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 42.3 percent for the year ended December 31, 2021. Approximately 69.7 percent of CBHL loan originations by volume occur within Capital Bank’s operating markets in Maryland, Virginia and Washington, D.C. The remainder of originations are national in scope and derive primarily through a consumer direct channel utilizing consumer marketing, including through social media applications. OpenSky Secured Credit Card Division ® The OpenSky Division provides secured, partially secured and unsecured credit cards on a nationwide basis. ® The secured credit cards require a minimum initial deposit of $200 and maximum initial deposits of $3,000 per card and $10,000 per individual and are focused on under- banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores. In order to obtain a secured credit card from us, the customer must select a credit line amount that they are willing to secure with a matching deposit amount. A deposit equal to the full credit limit of the card is made into a noninterest-bearing demand account with the Bank. Once the account is opened, the deposit is required to be maintained throughout the life of the card. The customer’s funding of the deposit account is collateral and it is not a consideration in the credit card approval process, but is a prerequisite to activating the credit line. Once the customer’s deposit account has been funded, the credit line is activated and the collateral funds are generally available to absorb any losses on the account that may occur. Given the secured nature of the cards, credit checks are not required at the time of application. 6 The partially secured credit card uses our proprietary scoring model, which considers among other things, credit score and repayment history (typically a minimum of six months of on-time repayments, but ultimately determined on a case-by-case basis), to offer certain customers an unsecured line in excess of their secured line of credit. As each customer’s secured account ages, we obtain credit scores to baseline their improvement as an input into any decision to extend unsecured credit. The unsecured credit card was added, for qualifying customers, in the fourth quarter of 2021 to expand the OpenSky product offering. The addition of the unsecured card ® allows for an uninterrupted experience for OpenSky customers who can now more easily continue in their journey from a secured to unsecured credit card. ® ® ® OpenSky cards operate on a fully digital and mobile platform with all marketing and application procedures conducted through its website or mobile application. OpenSky credit cards have floating interest rates, which are beneficial to us in a rising rate environment, and we believe the OpenSky secured credit card product may provide a counter- cyclical benefit as more people may wish to enter its target segment of credit rebuilders during an economic downturn. Credit card eligibility for all product offerings is based on identity and income verification. Our prior experience has shown that approximately 20% of our secured credit cards will experience a charge-off within the first year of issuance primarily due to the relative inexperience of this under-banked population in effectively managing credit card debt. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 12.7% of our secured credit card portfolio was delinquent by 30 days or more. ® Capital Bank evaluates its OpenSky customers using analytics that track consumer behaviors and score each customer on risk and behavior metrics. These real-time monitoring capabilities give our management insight into the credit trends of our portfolio on a consumer-by-consumer basis, allowing us to identify potential fraud situations and mitigate any associated losses, as well as to obtain insights into how to optimize the profitability and life cycle of each account. The model utilizes data proprietary to Capital Bank. ® Our Business Strategy Regulations, technology and competition have fundamentally impacted the economics of the banking sector. We believe that by using technology-enabled strategies and advice-based solutions, we can deliver attractive shareholder returns in excess of our cost of capital. We have adopted the following strategies that we believe will continue to drive growth while maintaining consistent profitability and enhancing shareholder value: Deliver premium advice-based solutions that drive organic loan and core deposit growth with corresponding net interest margin • • • • Serve as financial partners to our customers, helping them to grow their businesses through advice-based financial solutions; Endeavor to provide comprehensive loan and deposit solutions to our customers that are tailored to their needs, and leverage data, analytics, and financial technology to improve the customer experience; Scale our consumer fee-based platforms by investing in fintech capabilities and digital marketing to deliver high impact products and services and differentiated customer experience; Capitalize on market dislocation from recent in-market acquisitions to continue to attract top sales talent, and acquire new commercial banking relationships from local competitors; and 7 • Selectively add banking centers where sales teams have already proved an ability to capture market share and leverage customer relationships. Leverage technology to improve the customer experience and loyalty and deliver operational efficiencies • • • • Use solution structuring and customized technology implementation as differentiators to add value to clients with complex needs and enhance our relationships within our existing customer base; Deploy technologies that better support our lending associates and simplify our processes; Maximize the potential of web-based and mobile banking applications to drive core funding while maintaining our branch-lite business model; and Enhance cross-selling capabilities among our OpenSky , Capital Bank Home Loans and Commercial Banking division customers. ® Increase scale in our consumer fee-based platforms through delivery of high value products and services • • • Utilize our customer acquisition system, Apollo, and leverage our investment in a new core processing system, together with our expertise in data, analytics and marketing, to deliver new products and services and grow our secured credit card business; Retain OpenSky customers that “graduate” from our secured credit product through the limited use of partially and fully unsecured credit products; and ® Expand our purchase-oriented mortgage loan sales both in-market and in adjacent markets through the hiring of qualified mortgage originators and continue to improve on our direct to consumer marketing channels. Pursue acquisitions opportunistically • • • Seek strategic acquisitions in the Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Maryland, and surrounding metropolitan areas; Evaluate specialty finance company opportunities where we can add value through increasing interest and fee income and leveraging our management’s expertise and existing strategic assets; and Use our management’s and Board’s expertise to structure transactions that minimize the integration and execution risk for the Bank. Sustainability We aspire to be the most valued and trusted community bank within the markets we serve. We understand our obligation to both our shareholders and the communities we serve -- to be an institution that achieves superior financial performance, while contributing to society through the delivery to our customers of services that enlarge access, equity and opportunity. We focus our environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) efforts on issues that are important to our business and to our key stakeholders. Our mission is to support businesses, help people and strengthen communities, as well as to grow our operations and revenue. Essential to this mission is our commitment to provide long-term, sustainable financial and social value to our stakeholders, including the communities we serve, our shareholders and our employees. 8 Employees and Human Capital Resources At December 31, 2022, we employed 329 persons, of which 270 were employed on a full-time basis. None of our employees are represented by any collective bargaining unit or are a party to a collective bargaining agreement. We believe the relationship with our employees to be excellent and we were recently named a Best Bank to Work For by American Banker for the fourth consecutive year. Our ability to attract and retain employees is a key to our success. We offer a competitive total rewards program to our employees, flexible work arrangements, and monitor the competitiveness of our compensation and benefits programs in our various market areas. The Company prides itself on being a values-driven organization, where employees are empowered to share Ideas that keep the organization connected. Our company core values guide each team member to: • • • • Act as an Owner Practice Balanced Risk Management Challenge the Norm Leverage the Team We believe that these values enable our success with our customers and have helped us build a fun, vibrant and accountability driven culture. In addition, we are committed to developing our staff through internal/external training programs, availability of a robust online training resource, and continuing to implement leadership development programs for all levels of leadership within the organization. Available Information The Company provides access to its SEC filings through its web site at www.capitalbankmd.com. After accessing the web site, the filings are available upon selecting “Investor Relations.” Reports available include the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Further, the SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The information on, or accessible through, our website or any other website cited in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be relied upon in determining whether to make an investment decision. General SUPERVISION AND REGULATION We are extensively regulated under both federal and state law. These laws restrict permissible activities and investments and require compliance with various consumer protection provisions applicable to lending, deposit, brokerage and fiduciary activities. They also impose capital adequacy requirements and conditions on a bank holding company’s (“BHC”) ability to repurchase stock or to receive dividends from its subsidiary banks. We are subject to comprehensive examination and supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (“Federal Reserve”), and the Bank is subject to comprehensive examination and supervision by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”). We are required to file with the Federal Reserve quarterly and annual reports and such additional information as the Federal Reserve may require pursuant to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (“BHC Act”). The Federal Reserve may conduct examinations of BHCs and their subsidiaries. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), through the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”). As a 9 result of this deposit insurance function, the FDIC also has certain supervisory authority and powers over the Bank as well as all other FDIC insured institutions. The Company’s and the Bank’s regulators generally have broad discretion to impose restrictions and limitations on our operations. Bank regulation is intended to protect depositors and consumers and not shareholders. This supervisory framework could materially and adversely impact the conduct and profitability of our activities. To the extent that the following information describes statutory and regulatory provisions, it is qualified in its entirety by reference to the text of the applicable statutory and regulatory provisions. Legislative and regulatory initiatives, which necessarily impact the regulation of the financial services industry, are introduced from time to time. We cannot predict whether or when potential legislation or new regulations will be enacted, and if enacted, the effect that new legislation or any implemented regulations and supervisory policies would have on our financial condition and results of operations. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), by way of example, contains a comprehensive set of provisions designed to govern the practices and oversight of financial institutions and other participants in the financial markets. The Dodd-Frank Act made extensive changes in the regulation of financial institutions and their holding companies. Some of the changes brought about by the Dodd-Frank Act were modified by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 (the “Regulatory Relief Act”), signed into law on May 24, 2018. The Dodd-Frank Act has increased the regulatory burden and compliance costs borne by the Company. The Dodd-Frank Act also modified the standard by which state consumer financial laws may be applied to national banking associations, such as the Bank. The application of that standard by state regulators and the courts may cause the Bank’s compliance burden and costs to increase. Moreover, bank regulatory agencies appear to be increasingly aggressive in responding to concerns and trends identified in examinations, which could result in higher frequency initiation of enforcement actions against financial institutions to address credit quality, liquidity, risk management and capital adequacy, as well as other safety and soundness concerns. Regulation of Capital Bancorp, Inc. We are registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and are subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve. The BHC Act requires us to secure the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before we own or control, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of the voting shares or substantially all of the assets of any bank or thrift, or merge or consolidate with another bank or thrift holding company. Further, under the BHC Act, our activities and those of any nonbank subsidiary are limited to: (i) those activities that the Federal Reserve determines to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto, and (ii) investments in companies not engaged in activities closely related to banking, subject to quantitative limitations on the value of such investments. Prior approval of the Federal Reserve may be required before engaging in certain activities. In making such determinations, the Federal Reserve is required to weigh the expected benefits to the public, such as greater convenience, increased competition and gains in efficiency, against the possible adverse effects, such as undue concentration of resources, decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest and unsound banking practices. Regulation of Capital Bank The operations and investments of our Bank are subject to the supervision, examination and reporting requirements of the National Bank Act and the regulations of the OCC as well as other federal banking statutes and regulations, including with respect to the level of reserves that our Bank must maintain against deposits, restrictions on the types, amount, and terms and conditions of loans it may originate, and limits on the types of other activities in which our Bank may engage and the investments that it may make. The OCC also has the power to prevent the continuance or development of unsafe or unsound banking practices and other violations of law. Because our Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC to the maximum extent provided by law, it is also subject to certain FDIC regulations, and the FDIC has backup examination authority and some enforcement powers over our Bank. If, as a result of an examination of our Bank, the regulators should determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, 10 earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of the Bank’s operations are unsatisfactory or that the Bank or our management is violating or has violated any law or regulation, various remedies are available to the regulators. Such remedies include the power to enjoin unsafe or unsound practices, require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, direct an increase in capital, restrict growth, assess civil monetary penalties and remove officers and directors. The regulators also may request the FDIC to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance. Capital Adequacy Guidelines Bank holding companies and banks are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal agencies. See “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 14, Capital Standards” for additional regulatory capital information, including the Bank’s and Company’s Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022. Community Reinvestment Act The CRA requires the federal banking regulatory agencies to assess all financial institutions that they regulate to determine whether these institutions are meeting the credit needs of the communities they serve, including their assessment area(s) (as established for these purposes in accordance with applicable regulations based principally on the location of branch offices). In addition to substantial penalties and corrective measures that may be required for a violation of certain fair lending laws, the federal banking agencies may take compliance with such laws and CRA into account when regulating and supervising other activities. Under the CRA, institutions are assigned a rating of “outstanding,” “satisfactory,” “needs to improve,” or “unsatisfactory.” A rating that is less than “satisfactory” may substantially inhibit the Bank’s opportunities for future growth. An institution’s record in meeting the requirements of the CRA is based on a performance-based evaluation system, and is made publicly available and is taken into consideration in evaluating any applications it files with federal regulators to engage in certain activities, including approval of a branch or other deposit facility, mergers and acquisitions, office relocations, and expansions into non-banking activities. Our Bank received an “outstanding” rating in its most recent CRA evaluation which was in 2021. In April 2018, the U.S. Department of Treasury issued a memorandum to the federal banking regulators recommending changes to the CRA’s regulations to reduce their complexity and associated burden on banks, and in December 2019, the FDIC and the OCC proposed for public comment rules to modernize the agencies' regulations under the CRA. In September 2020, the Federal Reserve released for public comment its proposed rules to modernize CRA regulations. As of this issuance, the Federal Reserve has not moved forward in the rulemaking process. In July 2021, the Federal Reserve, FDIC, and the OCC issued an interagency statement committing to joint agency action on CRA. This may signal that additional regulatory action on this issue will be forthcoming in 2023. Anti-Terrorism, Money Laundering Legislation and OFAC The Bank is subject to the Bank Secrecy Act and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA PATRIOT Act”). These statutes and related rules and regulations impose requirements and limitations on specified financial transactions and accounts and other relationships intended to guard against money laundering and terrorism financing. The principal requirements for an insured depository institution include (i) establishment of an anti-money laundering program that includes training and audit components, (ii) establishment of a “know your customer” program involving due diligence to confirm the identities of persons seeking to open accounts and to decline to open accounts for those persons unable to demonstrate their identities, (iii) the filing of currency transaction reports for deposits and withdrawals of large amounts of cash and suspicious activities reports for activity that might signify money laundering, 11 tax evasion or other criminal activities, (iv) additional precautions for accounts sought and managed for non-U.S. persons and (v) verification and certification of money laundering risk with respect to private banking and foreign correspondent banking relationships. For many of these tasks, a bank must keep records to be made available to its primary federal regulator. Anti-money laundering rules and policies are developed by a bureau within the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, but compliance by individual institutions is overseen by its primary federal regulator. The Bank has established anti-money laundering and customer identification programs and it maintains records of cash purchases of negotiable instruments, files reports of certain cash transactions exceeding $10,000 (daily aggregate amount), and reports suspicious activity that might signify money laundering, tax evasion or other criminal activities pursuant to the Bank Secrecy Act. The Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries, persons, non- governmental organizations, associations, and criminal networks, among others, as defined by various Executive Orders and Acts of Congress. OFAC publishes lists of persons that are the target of sanctions, including the List of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons. Financial institutions are responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of and transactions with sanctioned persons and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and reporting blocked and rejected transactions after their occurrence. If the Company or the Bank finds a name or other information on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list or that otherwise indicates that the transaction involves a target of an OFAC-administered sanctions program, the Company or the Bank generally must freeze or block such account or transaction, file a suspicious activity report, and notify the appropriate authorities. Banking regulators examine banks for compliance with the economic sanctions regulations administered by OFAC. The Bank has implemented policies and procedures to comply with the foregoing requirements. Federal Home Loan Bank Membership The Bank is a member of the FHLB. Each member of the FHLB is required to maintain a minimum investment in the Class B stock of the FHLB. The Board of Directors of the FHLB can increase the minimum investment requirements in the event it has concluded that additional capital is required to allow it to meet its own regulatory capital requirements. Any increase in the minimum investment requirements outside of specified ranges requires the approval of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. Because the extent of any obligation to increase the level of investment in the FHLB depends entirely upon the occurrence of a future event, the Company is unable to determine the extent of future required potential payments to the FHLB. Additionally, if a member financial institution fails, the right of the FHLB to seek repayment of funds loaned to that institution will take priority (a super lien) over the rights of all other creditors. Dividends and Share Repurchases The ability of the Company to pay dividends or to repurchase its common stock, and the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, may be restricted due to several factors including: (a) the Maryland General Corporate Law ("MGCL," in the case of the Company), (b) covenants contained in any subordinated debentures and borrowing agreements in existence now or that may exist in the future, (c) restrictions on the ability of the Bank to declare dividends under the National Bank Act and OCC regulations (in the case of the Bank), and (d) the general supervisory authority of the FRB and the OCC. Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders or to repurchase shares of our common stock is subject to the restrictions set forth in the MGCL. Notification to the FRB is required prior to our declaring and paying a cash dividend to our stockholders during any period in which our quarterly and/or cumulative twelve‑month net earnings are 12 insufficient to fund the dividend amount, among other requirements. Under such circumstances, we may not pay a dividend should the FRB object until such time as we receive approval from the FRB or no longer need to provide notice under applicable regulations. In addition, prior approval of the FRB may be required in certain circumstances prior to our repurchasing shares of our common stock. In connection with the decision regarding dividends and share repurchase programs, our Board will take into account general business conditions, our financial results, projected cash flows, capital requirements, contractual, legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company and such other factors as may be deemed relevant. We can provide no assurance that we will continue to declare dividends on a quarterly basis or otherwise or to repurchase shares of our common stock. The declaration of dividends by the Company is subject to the discretion of our Board. Customer Information Privacy and Cybersecurity The FRB and other bank regulatory agencies have adopted guidelines for safeguarding confidential, personal, non‑public customer information. These guidelines require each financial institution, under the supervision and ongoing oversight of its board of directors or an appropriate committee thereof, to create, implement, and maintain a comprehensive written information security program designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, protect against any anticipated threats or hazard to the security or integrity of such information, and protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. We have adopted a customer information security program to comply with these requirements. The Gramm‑Leach‑Bliley Act of 1999 (the “GLBA”) requires financial institutions to implement policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of non-public personal information about consumers to non‑affiliated third parties. The GLBA requires disclosures to consumers on policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of such non-public personal information and, except as otherwise required by law, prohibits disclosing such information except as provided in the Bank’s policies and procedures. We have implemented privacy policies addressing these restrictions that are distributed regularly to all existing and new customers of the Bank. In March 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity. One statement indicates that financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing Internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving destructive malware. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to this type of cyber-attack. If we fail to observe the regulatory guidance, we could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties. In November 2021, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued a joint rule establishing computer-security incident notification requirements for banking organizations and their service providers. This rule requires new notification requirements where a banking organization experiences a computer-security incident. State regulators have been increasingly active in implementing privacy and cybersecurity standards and regulations. Recently, several states have adopted regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity programs and providing detailed requirements with respect to these programs, including data encryption requirements. Many states have also recently implemented or modified their data breach notification and data privacy requirements. 13 Deposit Insurance The Bank is a national banking association, regulated by the OCC. The Bank accepts deposits, and those deposits have the benefit of FDIC insurance up to the applicable limits established by law. The applicable statutory limit for FDIC insurance for most types of accounts is $250,000. Under the FDIC's risk-based deposit premium assessment system, the assessment rates for an insured depository institution are determined by an assessment rate calculator, which is based on a number of elements that measure the risk each institution poses to the Deposit Insurance Fund. The calculated assessment rate is applied to average consolidated assets less the average tangible equity of the insured depository institution during the assessment period to determine the dollar amount of the quarterly assessment. Under the current system, premiums are assessed quarterly and could increase if, for example, criticized loans and leases and/or other higher risk assets increase or balance sheet liquidity decreases. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, the FDIC may terminate deposit insurance upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. In the event any insured depository institution, such as the Bank, is placed into FDIC receivership due to the termination of deposit insurance, or for any other reason, and the institution is sold or liquidated, the chances of the institution's parent BHC's shareholders recovering any value is very unlikely. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS. Ownership of our common stock involves certain risks. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Risks Related to Our Business As a business operating in the financial services industry, our business and operations may be adversely affected in numerous and complex ways by weak economic conditions. Our performance could be negatively impacted to the extent there is deterioration in business and economic conditions, including persistent inflation, supply chain issues or labor shortages, which have direct or indirect impacts on us, our customers and/or our counterparties. All of these factors can individually or in the aggregate be detrimental to our business, and the interplay between these factors can be complex and unpredictable. Adverse economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our commercial business and operations are concentrated in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas and we are more sensitive than our more geographically diversified competitors to adverse changes in the local economy. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 88.2% of our loans held for investment (measured by dollar amount) were made to borrowers who live or conduct business in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Therefore, our success depends upon the general economic conditions in this area, which we cannot predict with any degree of certainty. A downturn in the local economy generally could make it more difficult for our borrowers to repay their loans and may lead to loan losses that are not offset by operations in other markets; it may also reduce the ability of our depositors to make or maintain 14 deposits with us. For these reasons, any regional or local economic downturn that affects the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas, or existing or prospective borrowers or depositors in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our customers and businesses in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area may be adversely impacted as a result of changes in government spending. The Washington, D.C. metropolitan area is characterized by a significant number of businesses that are federal government contractors or subcontractors, or which depend on such businesses for a significant portion of their revenues. The impact of a decline in federal government spending, a reallocation of government spending to different industries or different areas of the country or a delay in payments to such contractors could have a ripple effect. Temporary layoffs, staffing freezes, salary reductions or furloughs of government employees or government contractors could have adverse impacts on other businesses in the Company’s market and the general economy of the greater Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, and may indirectly lead to a loss of revenues by the Company’s customers, including vendors and lessors to the federal government and government contractors or to their employees, as well as a wide variety of commercial and retail businesses and the local housing market. Accordingly, such potential federal government activities could lead to increases in past due loans, nonperforming loans, loan loss reserves and charge-offs, and to a corresponding decline in liquidity. We may not be able to measure and limit our credit risk adequately, which could lead to unexpected losses. The primary component of our business involves making loans to customers. The business of lending is inherently risky, including risks that the principal of or interest on any loan will not be repaid in a timely manner or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting the loan will be insufficient to cover our outstanding exposure. A failure to measure and limit the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio effectively could lead to unexpected losses and have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Change in accounting standards or interpretation of new or existing standards may affect our financial condition and results of operations. From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the SEC change accounting regulations and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. In addition, the FASB, SEC, bank regulators and the outside independent auditors may revise their previous interpretations regarding existing accounting regulations and the application of these accounting standards. These changes can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how to record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, there could be a requirement to apply a new or revised accounting standard retroactively, resulting in the restatement of prior period financial statements. The implementation of the Current Expected Credit Loss accounting standard could require us to increase our allowance for credit losses and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss model, or CECL. ASU 2016-13 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2023. This standard requires earlier recognition of expected credit losses on loans and certain other instruments, compared to the incurred loss model. At the adoption date, we expect a change to the Allowance for Loan Losses of less than $1.0 million based on the expected performance of the economy at the transition date. Implementing the CECL 15 framework requires us to increase the data the Company must collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent to the adoption date, the implementation of CECL may result in greater volatility in the level of the allowance for credit losses, depending on various factors and assumptions applied in the model, such as the forecasted economic conditions in the foreseeable future and loan payment behaviors. Any increase in the allowance for credit losses, or expenses incurred to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses, may have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb potential losses in our loan portfolio. We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s judgment of probable losses and risks inherent in our loan portfolio. The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of general economic conditions, diversification and seasoning of the loan portfolio, historic loss experience, identified credit problems, delinquency levels and adequacy of collateral. The determination of the appropriate level of our allowance for loan losses is inherently highly subjective and requires management to make significant estimates of and assumptions regarding current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. If we are required to materially increase our level of allowance for loan losses for any reason, such increase could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The small- to medium-sized businesses that we lend to may have fewer resources to weather adverse business developments, which may impair our borrowers’ ability to repay loans. Small- to medium-sized businesses frequently have smaller market shares than their competition, may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, often need substantial additional capital to expand or compete and may experience substantial volatility in operating results, any of which may impair a borrower’s ability to repay a loan. If our borrowers are unable to repay their loans, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Our commercial real estate and real estate construction loan portfolio exposes us to credit risks that may be greater than the risks related to other types of loans. These loans typically involve repayment that depends upon income generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. Unexpected deterioration in the credit quality of our commercial real estate loan portfolio could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, which would reduce our profitability and could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Construction loans also involve risks because loan funds are secured by a project under construction and the project is of uncertain value prior to its completion. It can be difficult to accurately evaluate the total funds required to complete a project, and construction lending often involves the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the ultimate project rather than the ability of a borrower or guarantor to repay the loan. If we are forced to foreclose on a project prior to completion, we may be unable to recover the entire unpaid portion of the loan. In addition, we may be required to fund additional amounts to complete a project, incur taxes, maintenance and compliance costs for a foreclosed property and may have to hold the property for an indeterminate period of time, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. 16 Because a significant portion of our loan portfolio held for investment is comprised of real estate loans, negative changes in the economy affecting real estate values and liquidity could impair the value of collateral securing our real estate loans and result in loan and other losses. Adverse developments affecting real estate values and the liquidity of real estate in our primary markets could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio, and could result in losses that adversely affect credit quality, financial condition and results of operations. If real estate values decline, it is more likely that we would be required to increase our allowance for loan losses, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. A portion of our loan portfolio is comprised of commercial loans secured by receivables, inventory, equipment or other commercial collateral, the deterioration in value of which could expose us to credit losses. In general, these loans are collateralized by general business assets, including, among other things, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, and most are backed by a personal guaranty of the borrower or principal. Significant adverse changes in the economy or local market conditions in which our commercial lending customers operate could cause rapid declines in loan collectability and the values associated with general business assets resulting in inadequate collateral coverage that may expose us to credit losses and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. System failure or cybersecurity breaches of our network security could subject us to increased operating costs as well as litigation and other potential losses. Our computer systems and network infrastructure could be vulnerable to hardware and cybersecurity issues. Any damage or failure that causes an interruption in our operations could have a materially, adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our operations are also dependent upon our ability to protect our computer systems and network infrastructure, including our digital, mobile and internet banking activities, against damage from physical break-ins, cybersecurity breaches and other disruptive problems. Such computer break-ins and other disruptions would jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, which may result in significant liability, damage our reputation and inhibit the use of our internet banking services by current and potential customers. A breach of our security that results in unauthorized access to our data could expose us to a disruption or challenges relating to our daily operations, as well as to data loss, litigation, damages, fines and penalties, significant increases in compliance costs and reputational damage, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may need to take our systems off-line if they become infected with malware or a computer virus or as a result of another form of cyber-attack. In the event that backup systems are utilized, they may not process data as quickly as our primary systems and some data might not have been saved to backup systems, potentially resulting in a temporary or permanent loss of such data. In addition, our ability to implement backup systems and other safeguards with respect to third-party systems is more limited than with respect to our own systems. We frequently update our systems to support our operations and growth and to remain compliant with applicable laws, rules and regulations. This updating entails significant costs and creates risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones, including business interruptions. Implementation and testing of controls related to our computer systems, security monitoring, and retaining and training personnel required to operate our systems also entail significant costs. 17 We face security risks, including denial of service attacks, hacking, malware intrusion and data corruption attempts, and identity theft that could result in the disclosure of confidential information, materially and adversely affect our business or reputation, and create significant legal and financial exposure. Our business relies on the secure processing, transmission, storage and retrieval of confidential, proprietary, and other information in our computer and data management systems and networks, and in the computer and data management systems and networks of third parties. In addition, to access our network, products and services, our customers and other third parties may use personal mobile devices or computing devices that are outside of our network environment and are subject to their own cybersecurity risks. We, our customers, regulators, and other third parties, including other financial services institutions and companies engaged in data processing, have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, cyber-attacks. These cyber-attacks include computer viruses, malicious or destructive code, phishing attacks, denial of service or information, ransomware, improper access by employees or vendors, attacks on personal email of employees, ransom demands to not exploit security vulnerabilities in our systems or the systems of third parties, and other security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of confidential, proprietary and other information of ours, our employees, our customers, or of third parties, and damage to our systems that could otherwise materially disrupt our or our customers’ or other third parties’ network access or business operations. As cyber-threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or incidents. Despite efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems and implement controls, processes, policies and other protective measures, we may not be able to anticipate all security breaches, nor may we be able to implement sufficient preventive measures against such security breaches, which may expose us to material losses and other material, adverse consequences. Cybersecurity risks for banking organizations have significantly increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, and the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions. Even the most advanced internal control environment may be vulnerable to compromise. The techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently, may not be recognized until launched, and may not be recognized until well after a breach has occurred. The speed at which new vulnerabilities are discovered and exploited, often before security patches are published, continues to rise. The risk of a security breach caused by a cyber-attack on a vendor or by unauthorized vendor access has also increased in recent years. Cyber-attacks or other security breaches, whether directed at us or third parties, may result in a material loss or have other material, adverse consequences. Furthermore, the public perception that a cyber-attack on our systems has been successful, whether or not this perception is correct, may damage our reputation with customers and third parties with whom we do business. Hacking of personal information and identity theft risks, in particular, could cause serious reputational harm. A successful penetration or circumvention of system security could cause us serious negative consequences, including our loss of customers and business opportunities, costs associated with maintaining business relationships after an attack or breach, significant business disruption to our operations and business, misappropriation, exposure or destruction of our confidential information, intellectual property, funds and/or those of our customers; or damage to our or our customers’ and/or third parties’ computers or systems, and could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, litigation exposure, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, loss of confidence in our security measures, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, and additional compliance costs, and could materially and adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a cybersecurity event. 18 Appraisals and other valuation techniques we use in evaluating and monitoring loans secured by real property, other real estate owned and repossessed personal property may not accurately describe the net value of the asset. In considering whether to make a loan secured by real property, we generally require an appraisal of the property. However, an appraisal is only an estimate of the value of the property at the time the appraisal is made and, as real estate values may change significantly in value in relatively short periods of time (especially in periods of heightened economic uncertainty), this estimate may not accurately describe the net value of the real property collateral after the loan is made. As a result, we may not be able to recover the full amount of any remaining indebtedness when we foreclose on and sell the relevant property. In addition, we rely on appraisals and other valuation techniques to establish the value of our other real estate owned, or OREO, and personal property that we acquire through foreclosure proceedings and to determine certain loan impairments. If any of these valuations are inaccurate, our combined and consolidated financial statements may not reflect the correct value of our OREO, and our allowance for loan losses may not reflect accurate loan impairments. This could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We engage in lending secured by real estate and may be forced to foreclose on the collateral and own the underlying real estate, subjecting us to the costs and potential risks associated with the ownership of the real property, or consumer protection initiatives or changes in state or federal law may substantially raise the cost of foreclosure or prevent us from foreclosing at all. Since we originate loans secured by real estate, we may have to foreclose on the collateral property to protect our investment and may thereafter own and operate such property, in which case we would be exposed to the risks inherent in the ownership of real estate. Our inability to manage the amount of costs or the risks associated with the ownership of real estate, or write-downs in the value of OREO, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, consumer protection initiatives or changes in state or federal law may substantially increase the time and expense associated with the foreclosure process or prevent us from foreclosing at all. If new state or federal laws or regulations are ultimately enacted that significantly raise the cost of foreclosure or raise outright barriers, such could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation. A lack of liquidity could impair our ability to fund operations and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Liquidity is essential to our business. We rely on our ability to generate deposits and effectively manage the repayment and maturity schedules of our loans and investment securities, respectively, to ensure that we have adequate liquidity to fund our operations. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, sales of our investment securities, sales of loans or other sources could materially and adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet our expenses or fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could, in turn, have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have several large depositor relationships, the loss of which could force us to fund our business through more expensive and less stable sources. As of December 31, 2022, our 10 largest non-brokered depositors accounted for $389.9 million in deposits, or approximately 22.2% of our total deposits. Withdrawals of deposits by any one of our largest depositors could force us to rely more heavily on borrowings and other sources of funding for our business, adversely affecting our net interest margin and results of operations. We may also be forced, as a result of any withdrawal of deposits, to rely more heavily on other, potentially more expensive and less 19 stable funding sources. Consequently, the occurrence of any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our mortgage banking division may not continue to provide us with significant noninterest income. The residential mortgage business is highly competitive and highly susceptible to changes in market interest rates, consumer confidence levels, employment statistics, the capacity and willingness of secondary market purchasers to acquire and hold or securitize loans, and other factors beyond our control. Additionally, in many respects, the traditional mortgage origination business is relationship-based, and dependent on the services of individual mortgage loan officers. The loss of services of one or more loan officers could have the effect of reducing the level of our mortgage production, or the rate of growth of production. As a result of these factors, we cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain or increase the volume or percentage of revenue or net income produced by our residential mortgage business. We earn income by originating residential mortgage loans for resale in the secondary mortgage market, and disruptions in that market could reduce our operating income. Historically, as part of our focus on loan origination and sales activities, we enter into formal commitments and informal agreements with larger banking companies and mortgage investors earning the Bank income from these sales. Under these arrangements, we originate single-family mortgages that are priced and underwritten to conform to previously agreed criteria before loan funding and are delivered to the investor shortly after funding. Disruptions in the secondary market may not only affect us but also the ability and desire of mortgage investors and other banks to purchase residential mortgage loans that we originate. As a result, we may not be able to maintain or grow the income we receive from originating and reselling residential mortgage loans. Additionally, we hold certain mortgage loans that we originated for sale, increasing our exposure to interest rate risk and adverse changes in the value of the residential real estate that serves as collateral for the mortgage loan prior to sale. Our financial condition, earnings and asset quality could be adversely affected if we are required to repurchase loans originated for sale by our mortgage banking division. The Bank originates residential mortgage loans for sale to secondary market investors, subject to contractually specified recourse provisions. Because the loans are intended to be originated within investor guidelines, using designated automated underwriting and product-specific requirements as part of the loan application, the loans sold have a limited recourse provision. Should such loan repurchases become a material issue, our earnings and asset quality could be adversely impacted, which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Delinquencies and credit losses from our OpenSky credit card division could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. ® ® Our OpenSky Division provides secured, partially secured, and unsecured credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores. Although some OpenSky credit cards are fully or partially secured, losses may occur as a result of fraud, or when the account exceeds its established limit or if a cardholder ceases to maintain the account in good standing. Fraud, such as identity fraud, payment fraud and funding fraud (where, for example, an individual funds a card using information from someone they know well, such as a relative or roommate) can result in substantial losses. In the case of an OpenSky® account that is funded through fraud on the part of an applicant, we are required by applicable laws to refund the amount of the original deposit, and we charge off balances which were subsequently charged on the card. Account balances in excess of ® 20 established credit limits happen as a result of certain VISA membership policies that allow cardholders to incur certain charges even if they exceed their card limits, which include, but are not limited to, rental car charges, gas station charges and hotel deposits. If an OpenSky cardholder exceeds his or her credit limit as a result of purchases in one of these categories, we may incur losses for amounts in excess of the collateral deposited if the borrower fails to repay such excess amounts. Customers can also exceed their credit limit by making intra period payments to replenish their available lines. If the payments are made via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) and were fraudulent, we could incur the cost of the payment. Finally, losses to our credit card portfolio may arise if cardholders cease to maintain the account in good standing with timely payments. For example, in the event a card becomes more than 120 days past due, the credit card balance is recovered against any corresponding deposit account and a charge-off is recorded for any related fees, accrued interest or other charges in excess of the deposit account balance. We have invested in technology and systems to prevent and detect fraudulent behavior and mitigate losses but such investments may not be adequate, and our systems may not adequately monitor or mitigate potential losses arising from these risks. ® A high credit loss rate (the rate at which we charge off uncollectible loans) on either our secured, partially secured, or unsecured portfolio could materially and adversely impact our overall financial performance. We maintain an allowance for loan losses, which we believe to be adequate to cover credit losses inherent in our OpenSky portfolio, but we cannot be certain that the allowance will be sufficient to cover actual credit losses. If credit losses from our OpenSky portfolio exceed our allowance for loan losses, our revenues will be reduced by the excess of such credit losses. ® ® The inability of our OpenSky credit card division to continue its growth rate could adversely affect our earnings. ® Our credit card portfolio has increased and certain corresponding fees have been a significant portion of our income. We do not know if we will be able to retain existing customers or attract new customers, or that we will be able to increase account balances for new or existing customers. We hope the development and expansion of new credit card products and related cardholder service products will be an important contributor to our growth and earnings in the future; however, if we are unable to implement new cardholder products and features, our ability to grow will be negatively impacted. Declining sales of cardholder service products would likely result in reduced income from fees and interest. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by merchants’ increasing focus on the fees charged by credit card networks and by regulation and legislation impacting such fees. Credit card interchange fees are generally one of the largest components of the costs that merchants pay in connection with the acceptance of credit cards and are a meaningful source of revenue for our OpenSky Division. Interchange fees are the subject of significant and intense legal, regulatory and legislative focus globally, and the resulting decisions, regulations and legislation may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. ® The heightened focus by merchants and regulatory and legislative bodies on the fees charged by credit and debit card networks, and the ability of certain merchants to negotiate discounts to interchange fees with MasterCard and Visa successfully or develop alternative payment systems could result in a reduction of interchange fees. Any resulting loss in income to us could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 21 By engaging in derivative transactions, we are exposed to additional credit and market risk. As part of our mortgage banking activities, we enter into interest rate lock agreements with the consumer. These are commitments to originate loans at a specified interest rate and lock expiration which is set prior to closing. Hedging interest rate risk is a complex process, requiring sophisticated models and routine monitoring. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged assets and liabilities will appreciate or depreciate in market value. The effect of this unrealized appreciation or depreciation in assets (loans) will generally be offset by income or loss in the corresponding MBS derivative instruments that are linked to the hedged assets and liabilities. By engaging in derivative transactions, we are exposed to counterparty credit and market risk. If the counterparty fails to perform, credit risk exists to the extent of the fair value gain in the derivative. Market risk exists to the extent that interest rates change in ways that are significantly different from what was modeled when we entered into the derivative transaction. The existence of credit and market risk associated with our derivative instruments could materially and adversely affect our mortgage banking revenue and, therefore, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to interest rate risk as fluctuations in interest rates may adversely affect our earnings. The majority of our banking assets and liabilities are monetary in nature and subject to risk from changes in interest rates. Like most financial institutions, our earnings are significantly dependent on our net interest income, the principal component of our earnings, which is the difference between interest earned by us from our interest earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and interest paid by us on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. We expect that we will periodically experience “gaps” in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities, meaning that either our interest-bearing liabilities will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest earning assets, or vice versa. In either case, if market interest rates move contrary to our position, this gap will negatively impact our earnings. The impact on earnings is more adverse when the slope of the yield curve flattens; that is, when short-term interest rates increase more than long-term interest rates or when long-term interest rates decrease more than short-term interest rates. Many factors impact interest rates, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, recession, changes in unemployment, the money supply, international economic weakness and disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets. Interest rate increases often result in larger payment requirements for our borrowers, which increases the potential for default and could result in a decrease in the demand for loans. At the same time, the marketability of the property securing a loan may be adversely affected by any reduced demand resulting from higher interest rates. In a declining interest rate environment, there may be an increase in prepayments on loans as borrowers refinance their loans at lower rates. In addition, in a low interest rate environment, loan customers often pursue long-term fixed rate credits, which could adversely affect our earnings and net interest margin if rates later increase. Changes in interest rates also can affect the value of loans, securities and other assets. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or interest on loans may lead to an increase in nonperforming assets and a reduction of income recognized, which could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Further, when we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. At the same time, we continue to incur costs to fund the loan, which is reflected as interest expense, without any interest income to offset the associated funding expense. Thus, an increase in the amount of nonperforming assets would have a material and adverse impact on net interest income. We could recognize losses on investment securities held in our securities portfolio, particularly if interest rates continue to increase or economic and market conditions deteriorate. 22 We invest a portion of our total assets (11.9% as of December 31, 2022) in investment securities with the primary objectives of providing a source of liquidity, providing an appropriate return on funds invested and managing interest rate risk. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio was $252 million, which included unrealized losses of $22.4 million and no unrealized gains. Factors beyond our control can significantly and adversely influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio. Because of changing economic and market conditions affecting interest rates, the financial condition of issuers of the securities and the performance of the underlying collateral, we may recognize realized and/or unrealized losses in future periods, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainty about the future of LIBOR may adversely affect our business. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the LIBOR, announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. In November 2020, the Financial Conduct Authority announced that it would continue to publish LIBOR rates through June 30, 2023. It is unclear whether, or in what form, LIBOR will continue to exist after that date. Central banks around the world, including the Federal Reserve, have commissioned committees and working groups of market participants and official sector representatives to replace LIBOR and replace or reform other interest rate benchmarks. U.S. banking agencies encouraged banks to cease entering into new contracts referencing LIBOR no later than December 31, 2021. A transition away from the widespread use of LIBOR to alternative benchmarks has begun and will continue over the course of the next few years. These reforms may cause such rates to perform differently than in the past or have other consequences that are unforeseen. While there is no consensus on what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, a group of market participants convened by the Federal Reserve, the Alternative Reference Rate Committee, has selected SOFR as its recommended alternative to LIBOR. SOFR may fail to gain market acceptance. SOFR was developed for use in certain U.S. dollar derivatives and other financial contracts as an alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR in part because it is considered to be a good representation of general funding conditions in the overnight U.S. Treasury repo market. However, as a rate based on transactions secured by U.S. Treasury securities, it does not measure bank-specific credit risk and, as a result, is likely to correlate with the unsecured short-term funding costs of banks. This may mean that market participants would not consider SOFR to be a suitable substitute or a successor for all of the purposes for which U.S. dollar LIBOR historically has been used, which may, in turn, lessen its market acceptance. It is impossible to predict the effect of the adoption of SOFR or any other alternative reference rate on the value of LIBOR-based securities and variable rate loans, subordinated debentures, or other securities or financial arrangements, given LIBOR’s role in determining market interest rates globally. Uncertainty as to the nature of alternative reference rates and as to potential changes or other reforms to LIBOR may adversely affect LIBOR rates and the value of LIBOR-based loans and securities in our portfolio, and may impact the availability and cost of hedging instruments and borrowings. If LIBOR rates are no longer available, and we are required to implement alternative reference rates, such as SOFR, for the calculation of interest rates under our loan agreements with our borrowers, we may incur significant expenses in effectuating the transition, and may be subject to disputes or litigation with customers over the appropriateness or comparability of LIBOR to SOFR or another alternative reference rate, which could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations. We face strong competition from financial services companies and other companies that offer banking services. We operate in the highly competitive financial services industry and face significant competition for customers from financial institutions located both within and beyond our principal markets. We compete with commercial banks, savings banks, credit unions, nonbank financial services companies and other 23 financial institutions operating within or near the areas we serve. In addition, many of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations that govern our activities and may have greater flexibility in competing for business. Our inability to compete successfully in the markets in which we operate could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Industry We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and accounting principles, or changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, could adversely affect us. Banking is highly regulated under federal and state law. As such, we are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and legal requirements that govern almost all aspects of our operations. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional operating costs. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure follows good faith effort or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, enforcement actions and fines and other penalties, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, regulatory capital levels and the price of our securities. Further, any new laws, rules and regulations could make compliance more difficult or expensive or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Legislative and regulatory actions taken now or in the future may increase our costs and impact our business, governance structure, financial condition or results of operations. Economic conditions that contributed to the financial crisis in 2008, particularly in the financial markets, resulted in government regulatory agencies and political bodies placing increased focus and scrutiny on the financial services industry. The Dodd-Frank Act, which was enacted in 2010 as a response to the financial crisis, significantly changed the regulation of financial institutions and the financial services industry. Compliance with the Dodd-Frank Act and its implementing regulations has and may continue to result in additional operating and compliance costs that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. Federal and state regulatory agencies frequently adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are applied. Regulatory or legislative changes to laws applicable to the financial industry, if enacted or adopted, may impact the profitability of our business activities, require more oversight or change certain of our business practices, including the ability to offer new products, obtain financing, attract deposits, make loans and achieve satisfactory interest spreads and could expose us to additional costs, including increased compliance costs. These changes also may require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes to operations to comply and could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Federal banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with any supervisory actions to which we are or become subject as a result of such examinations could adversely affect us. As part of the bank regulatory process, the OCC and the Federal Reserve, periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, one of these federal banking agencies were to determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, asset sensitivity, risk management or other aspects of any of our operations have become unsatisfactory, or that the Company, the Bank or their respective management were in violation of any law or regulation, it may take a number of different remedial actions as it deems appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” 24 practices, to require affirmative actions to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in our capital levels, to restrict our growth, to assess civil monetary penalties against us, the Bank or their respective officers or directors, to remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance. If we become subject to such regulatory actions, our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation would be materially and adversely affected. Monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the U.S. money supply and credit conditions. The monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. Although we cannot determine the effects of such policies on us at this time, such policies could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Regulatory requirements affecting our loans secured by commercial real estate could limit our ability to leverage our capital and adversely affect our growth and profitability. The federal bank regulatory agencies have indicated their view that banks with high concentrations of loans secured by commercial real estate are subject to increased risk and should implement robust risk management policies and maintain higher capital than regulatory minimums to maintain an appropriate cushion against loss that is commensurate with the perceived risk. Federal bank regulatory guidelines identify institutions potentially exposed to commercial real estate concentration risk as those that have (i) experienced rapid growth in commercial real estate lending, (ii) notable exposure to a specific type of commercial real estate, (iii) total reported loans for construction, land development and other land loans representing 100% or more of the institution’s capital, or (iv) total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate (including construction) loans representing 300% or more of the institution’s capital if the outstanding balance of the institution’s non-owner-occupied commercial real estate (including construction) loan portfolio has increased 50% or more during the prior 36 months. At December 31, 2022, the Bank’s construction to total capital ratio was 108.6% which exceeded the 100% regulatory guideline threshold set forth in clause (iii) above. As a result, we are deemed to have a concentration in commercial real estate lending under applicable regulatory guidelines. Because a significant portion of our loan portfolio depends on commercial real estate, a change in the regulatory capital requirements applicable to us or a decline in our regulatory capital could limit our ability to leverage our capital as a result of these policies, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot guarantee that any risk management practices we implement will be effective to prevent losses relating to our commercial real estate portfolio. Management has implemented controls to monitor our commercial real estate lending concentrations, but we cannot predict the extent to which regulatory guidelines will impact our operations or capital requirements. Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock The market price of our common stock may be subject to substantial fluctuations, which may make it difficult for you to sell your shares at the volume, prices and times desired. The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile, which may make it difficult for you to resell your shares at the volume, prices and times desired. There are many factors that may affect the market price and trading volume of our common stock, most of which are outside of our control. 25 The stock market and the market for financial institution stocks has experienced substantial fluctuations in recent years, which in many cases have been unrelated to the operating performance and prospects of particular companies. In addition, significant fluctuations in the trading volume in our common stock may cause significant price variations to occur. Increased market volatility may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock, which could make it difficult for you to sell your shares at the volume, prices and times desired. The market price of our common stock could decline significantly and you may experience future dilution due to actual or anticipated issuances or sales of our common stock in the future. Our board of directors may determine from time to time that we need to raise additional capital by issuing additional shares of our common stock or other securities. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, you may experience substantial dilution. Our management and board of directors have significant control over our business. As of December 31, 2022, our directors, directors of the Bank, our named executive officers and their respective family members and affiliated entities beneficially owned an aggregate of 5,499,792 shares, or approximately 38.9% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Consequently, our management and board of directors may be able to significantly affect the outcome of the election of directors and the potential outcome of other matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, such as mergers, the sale of substantially all of our assets and other extraordinary corporate matters. The interests of these insiders could conflict with the interests of our other shareholders. Our common stock is subordinate to our existing and future indebtedness and preferred stock. Our common stock ranks junior to all of our existing and future indebtedness and other non-equity claims with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against us, including claims in the event of our liquidation. As of December 31, 2022 we had outstanding approximately $10.0 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes and $2.1 million in aggregate principal amount of junior subordinated debentures. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future to increase our capital resources or if our total capital ratio or the total capital ratio of the Bank falls below the required minimums. Furthermore, our common stock is subordinate to any series of preferred stock we may issue in the future. Provisions in our governing documents and Maryland law may have an anti-takeover effect, and there are substantial regulatory limitations on changes of control of bank holding companies. Our corporate organizational documents and provisions of federal and state law to which we are subject contain certain provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, make more difficult or prevent an attempted acquisition that you may favor or an attempted replacement of our board of directors or management. In addition, certain provisions of Maryland law may delay, discourage or prevent an attempted acquisition or change in control. Furthermore, banking laws impose notice, approval, and ongoing regulatory requirements on any shareholder or other party that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or its holding company. These laws include the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act (“CBCA”). These laws could delay or prevent an acquisition. 26 Our common stock is not insured by any governmental entity. Our common stock is not a deposit account or other obligation of any bank and is not insured by the FDIC or any other governmental entity. Investment in our common stock is subject to risk, including possible loss. 27 ITEM 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our headquarters are currently located at 2275 Research Boulevard, Suite 600, Rockville, Maryland 20850. The following table summarizes pertinent details of our commercial bank branch locations, mortgage banking offices, loan production offices, or LPOs, and our credit card operations office. Our mortgage offices typically contain both origination and operations professionals. Location One Church Street Suite 100 Rockville, MD 20850 2275 Research Blvd. Suite 600 Rockville, MD 20850 6711 Columbia Gateway Drive Suite 170 Columbia, MD 21046 110 Gibraltar Road Suite 130 Horsham, PA 19044 185 Harry S. Truman Parkway Suite 100 Annapolis, MD 21401 818 Connecticut Ave Suite 900 Washington, D.C. 20006 10700 Parkridge Boulevard Suite 180 Reston, VA 20191 1400 W Street, NW Suite 170 Washington, DC 20009 Owned/Leased Leased Lease Expiration 6/30/24 Type of office Commercial Branch Sub-Leased 9/30/24 Corporate Leased Leased Leased 11/30/27 Commercial Branch/Mortgage Office 8/31/25 11/30/26 OpenSky Operations ® Mortgage Office Sub-Leased Month-to-month LPO Leased Leased 11/30/23 2/28/2033 Commercial Branch, Mortgage Office, and OpenSky Headquarters ® Commercial Branch 28 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. From time to time, we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the ordinary conduct of our business. We are not presently a party to any material legal proceedings. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. Not applicable. 29 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Shareholder Information The common stock of the Company has been publicly traded since September 2018 and is currently traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol CBNK. As of March 14, 2023, there were approximately 152 holders of record of our common stock. Dividends Commencing with the third quarter of 2021, shareholders have received quarterly cash dividends on shares of common stock which totaled $3.1 million in 2022. As a general matter, the payment of dividends is at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors, based on such factors as operating results, financial condition, capital adequacy, regulatory requirements, and stockholder return. Although we have no obligation to pay dividends and we may change our dividend policy at any time without notice to shareholders, the Company anticipates continuing a regular quarterly cash dividend. Any future determination to pay dividends to holders of our common stock will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, banking regulations, contractual restrictions and any other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is dependent on the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company. Various statutory provisions restrict the amount of dividends that the Bank can pay without regulatory approval. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information as of December 31, 2022, with respect to options and RSUs outstanding and shares available for future awards under the Company’s active equity incentive plans. Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (a) Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (b) Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 811,160 $ — 811,160 $ 15.37 — 14.77 896,462 — 896,462 30 Unregistered Sales and Issuer Repurchases of Common Stock There were no unregistered sales of the Company’s stock during the year ended December 31, 2022. On July 25, 2022, the Company announced a new stock repurchase program. Under the new program, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $10.0 million of its outstanding common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”). The program will expire on December 31, 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2022 there were no stock repurchases. ITEM 6. [Reserved] ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis is intended as a review of significant factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes. Executive Summary The following summary should be read in conjunction with the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section in its entirety. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased $1.8 million, or 4.6% when compared to the prior year, due primarily to an increase in average balances in the loan portfolio, an increase in credit card interest, and a decrease in data processing. These positive factors were offset by an increase in rates for all interest-bearing liabilities, a decrease in mortgage banking revenue, a decrease in credit card fees, an increase in the provision for loan losses, and increases in salaries and employee benefits and advertising. During the year ended December 31, 2022, continued focus on growing the Company’s commercial real estate loan portfolio, specifically owner-occupied properties, led to growth of the Bank’s commercial real estate loan portfolio by $108.2 million, of which $87.6 million was owner-occupied. Our credit card portfolio declined by $12.7 million in comparison to December 31, 2021; however, increases in interest rates helped to offset the impact of the declining balance and corresponding credit card fees. The decrease in data processing expenses was primarily due to a contract renegotiation entered into in the first quarter of 2022. The net interest margin was 6.92% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 5.86% for the prior year. Primarily driving this margin expansion were increases in average portfolio loan balances of $208.7 million and a 73 basis point increase in the loan yield on the portfolio loans, while the average interest rates across all interest-bearing liabilities only increased 35 basis points. Leading the increase in average portfolio balances was commercial real estate with an average balance increase of $156.9 million when comparing the year ended December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2021. Increasing interest rates contributed to sharp increases in the cost of funds associated with our interest- bearing deposit portfolio and resulted in a 22 basis point increase between 2021 and 2022. The increase in rates for money market accounts was the most significant contributor to the over-all increase in our cost of funds. Total assets grew by $68.4 million while total liabilities grew by $42.2 million when comparing year end 2022 to 2021. Total asset growth was primarily due to an increase in portfolio loans held for investment of $203.4 million and investment securities available for sale of $68.0 million, offset by net 31 SBA-PPP run off of $106.1 million. Total liability growth was due, in part, to an increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances of $85.0 million when comparing December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2021. ® ® The Bank’s OpenSky Division continued to exceed management’s expectations during 2022 despite headwinds brought on by significant interest rate increases and economic uncertainty. OpenSky had a record year of profitability in 2022, resulting in an increase of $8.4 million in net income for the segment. Average credit card loan balances increased in 2022 compared to 2021, and that increase, coupled with the increase in interest rates, accounted for $15.1 million growth in interest income compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Normal customer attrition and aggressive marketing and product strategies by fintech and credit card companies offering unsecured subprime credit cards have contributed to the continued decline in the total number of OpenSky accounts, particularly in late 2022. Active customer accounts decreased by 127 thousand when comparing the year end balance 2022 to 2021, leading to a decline in revenues earned from interchange and other fees. Ultimately, outstanding year end credit card balances decreased $12.7 million, net of reserves, while the noninterest-bearing deposits associated therewith decreased by $42.1 million to $187.4 million at December 31, 2022 from $229.5 million at December 31, 2021. ® The Bank’s Capital Bank Home Loans division saw a decline in mortgage originations during the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to the prior year. The steepening of the yield curve in 2022 resulted in continued decline in home loan sales and home loan refinances. Gain on sale margins, down slightly from 2.79% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, remained strong at 2.34% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Historically-low housing inventory, shortages in new home building materials, and fluctuating interest rates are likely to continue suppressing origination volumes into 2023. Critical Accounting Policies The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with U.S. GAAP and conform to general practices within the banking industry. The Company’s financial position and results of operations are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, including estimates, assumptions, and judgments made to arrive at the carrying value of assets and liabilities and amounts reported for revenues, expenses, and other items. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations. The Company evaluates its critical accounting estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and updates them, as deemed necessary. Management has discussed the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Company’s accounting policies are fundamental to understanding the Company’s consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations. Accordingly, the Company’s significant accounting policies are discussed in detail in “Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data". The critical accounting and reporting policies include the Company’s accounting for the allowance for loan losses. The Company provides additional information on its allowance for loan losses in “Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data". 32 Recent Accounting Pronouncements For a discussion of Recent Accounting Pronouncements, see “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Financial Statements - Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 Net Income The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated. (in thousands) Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Net interest income after provision Noninterest income Noninterest expense Net income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 % Change 150,646 $ 10,039 140,607 6,631 133,976 29,372 109,114 54,234 12,430 41,804 $ 123,243 6,550 116,693 3,359 113,334 50,636 110,094 53,876 13,898 39,978 22.2 53.3 20.5 97.4 18.2 -42.0 -0.9 0.7 (10.6 4.6 $ $ Net income for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $41.8 million, compared to net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 of $40.0 million. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to the increase in average loans outstanding in the loan portfolio year over year, an increase in credit card interest income, and a reduction in data processing expenses. Year over year growth in portfolio loan volumes contributed $24.4 million to the increase in net interest income, with $15.1 million attributable to the credit card portfolio, which benefited from increased interest rates and an increase in average credit card balances. Data processing expenses decreased $9.8 million primarily due to contract renegotiations completed in the first quarter of 2022. Offsetting factors included a decrease in mortgage banking revenue of $16.0 million and an increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities of $3.5 million when comparing 2022 to 2021. The increased cost of interest-bearing liabilities was the result of the increase in market interest rates. The provision for loan losses increased $3.3 million due to economic uncertainty, particularly in respect of the credit card portfolio. A decrease in overall credit card accounts led to the reduction in credit card fees of $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 in comparison to 2021. Advertising increased $1.4 million due primarily to increased competition for credit card customers. Salaries and employee benefits increased $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 in comparison to 2021 as the Company increased its overall headcount by 60, hiring commercial lending teams as well as senior management officials and staff at the Bank. Professional fees increased $4.0 million, primarily in consequence of efforts to enhance the Bank’s regulatory compliance function and its technology infrastructure. Net Interest Income and Net Margin Analysis Net interest income is the difference between interest income on earning assets and the cost of funds supporting those assets. Earning assets are composed primarily of loans, loans held for sale, investment securities, and interest-bearing deposits with banks. The cost of funds represents interest expense on deposits and borrowings, which consist of federal funds purchased, advances from the FHLB, and subordinated notes. Noninterest-bearing deposits and capital also provide sources of funding. 33 We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and control the interest expenses of our liabilities, measured as net interest income, through our net interest margin and net interest spread. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income annualized divided by average interest earning assets for the same period. Net interest spread is the difference between average interest rates earned on interest earning assets and average interest rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in market interest rates and the interest rates we earn on interest earning assets or pay on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as in the volume and mix of interest earning assets, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest income, net interest margin and net interest spread. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas, as well as developments affecting the real estate, technology, government services, hospitality and tourism and financial services sectors within our target markets and throughout the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Our ability to respond to changes in these factors by using effective asset-liability management techniques is critical to maintaining the stability of net interest income and net interest margin. The table below presents the average balances and weighted average rates of the major categories of the Company’s assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Weighted average yields are derived by dividing annualized income by the average balance of the related assets, and weighted average rates are derived by dividing annualized expense by the average balance of the related liabilities, for the periods shown. Average outstanding balances are derived by utilizing average daily balances for the time periods shown. The weighted average yields and rates include amortization of fees, costs, premiums and discounts, which are considered adjustments to yield/rates. Weighted average yields on tax-exempt securities are not calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis. 34 ($ in thousands) Assets Interest earning assets: Interest-bearing deposits Federal funds sold Investment securities Restricted investments Loans held for sale SBA-PPP loans receivable Portfolio loans (1)(2) Total interest earning assets Noninterest earning assets Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Interest-bearing liabilities: Interest-bearing demand accounts Savings Money market accounts Time deposits Borrowed funds Total interest-bearing liabilities Noninterest-bearing liabilities: Noninterest-bearing liabilities Noninterest-bearing deposits Stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity Net interest spread Net interest income Net interest margin (3) AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET AND NET INTEREST ANALYSIS Average Outstanding Balance 2022 Interest Income/ Expense Years Ended December 31, Average Yield/ Rate Average Outstanding Balance 2021 Interest Income/ Expense Average Yield/ Rate 1.28 % $ 228,420 $ $ $ $ $ 2,007 44 3,912 275 435 3,477 140,496 150,646 174 5 4,529 2,903 2,428 10,039 156,751 $ 2,959 248,869 5,475 9,696 29,831 1,579,661 2,033,242 44,559 2,077,801 253,923 8,917 553,388 165,854 77,556 1,059,638 23,797 781,971 212,395 2,077,801 $ $ 140,607 1.49 1.57 5.02 4.49 11.66 8.89 7.41 $ 0.07 % $ 0.06 0.82 1.75 3.13 0.95 $ 6.46 % 6.92 % 283 — 2,010 166 1,224 7,613 111,947 123,243 202 3 1,484 4,119 742 6,550 2,850 150,750 3,774 43,126 190,588 1,370,988 1,990,496 45,348 2,035,844 289,285 6,470 482,225 269,262 34,214 1,081,456 24,128 750,760 179,500 2,035,844 $ $ 116,693 0.12 % — 1.33 4.40 2.84 3.99 8.17 6.19 0.07 % 0.05 0.31 1.53 2.17 0.61 5.58 % 5.86 % _______________ (1) Includes nonaccrual loans. Interest income includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, SBA-PPP loans and credit card loans accounted for 299 and 226 basis points of the reported net interest margin, respectively. (2) (3) 35 Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income The rate/volume table below presents the composition of the change in net interest income for the periods indicated, as allocated between the change in net interest income due to changes in the volume of average earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the changes in net interest income due to changes in interest rates. (In thousands) Interest Income: Interest-bearing deposits Federal funds sold Investment securities Restricted investments Loans held for sale SBA-PPP loans Portfolio loans excluding credit card loans Credit card loans Total interest income Interest Expense: Interest-bearing demand accounts Savings Money market accounts Time deposits Borrowed funds Total interest expense Net interest income Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to December 31, 2021 Change Due To Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to December 31, 2020 Change Due To Volume Rate Interest Variance Volume Rate Interest Variance $ $ (918) $ 2 1,542 85 (1,500) (18,738) 10,326 7,093 (2,108) (24) 2 582 (1,810) 1,357 107 (2,215) $ 2,642 $ 42 360 24 711 14,602 3,127 8,003 29,511 (4) — 2,463 594 329 3,382 26,129 $ 1,724 $ 44 1,902 109 (789) (4,136) 13,453 15,096 27,403 (28) 2 3,045 (1,216) 1,686 3,489 23,914 $ 144 $ — 1,239 (11) (1,186) 1,316 4,752 22,064 28,318 65 1 6 (440) (179) (547) 28,865 $ (205) $ (4) (521) (67) (200) 1,818 (4,806) 1,659 (2,326) (519) (3) (3,308) (1,518) (737) (6,085) 3,759 $ (61) (4) 718 (78) (1,386) 3,134 (54) 23,723 25,992 (454) (2) (3,302) (1,958) (916) (6,632) 32,624 When comparing the years ended December 31, 2022 to 2021, the greatest positive impact to total interest income was the increased market interest rate affecting all interest earning assets. On a stand-alone basis, the credit card portfolio contributed an increase of $15.1 million due to market interest rate increases and increased average credit card balances when comparing the year over year 2022 to 2021 figures. While credit card balances declined as of December 31, 2022 compared to 2021, average credit card loan balances maintained a consistent balance until late 2022, when credit card balances declined, likely due to the lapse of certain government stimulus programs. SBA-PPP loans continued to be forgiven in 2022 resulting in reduced interest income of $4.1 million when compared to 2021. Volume increases in portfolio loans excluding credit cards accounted for an increase of $10.3 million in interest income for the year ended December 31, 2022, while interest rates accounted for an increase of $3.1 million for the same period. The increase in rates paid on the deposit portfolio increased interest expense by $3.1 million due to the increase in market interest rates between the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Provision for Loan Losses The provision for loan losses represents the amount of expense charged to current earnings to fund the allowance for loan losses. The amount of the allowance for loan losses is based on many factors which reflect management’s assessment of the risk in the loan portfolio. Those factors include historical losses, economic conditions and trends, the value and adequacy of collateral, volume and mix of the 36 portfolio, performance of the portfolio, and internal loan processes of the Company and Bank. For a detailed description of the factors taken into account by our management in determining the allowance for loan losses see “Financial Condition— Allowance for Loan Losses.” For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $6.6 million, compared to $3.4 million for the previous year. The increase in the provision for 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily associated with the credit card portfolio. See additional discussion regarding the Company’s allowance for loan losses and reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures at December 31, 2022 in “Financial Condition— Allowance for Loan Losses.” The maintenance of a high-quality loan portfolio, with an adequate allowance for possible credit losses, will continue to be a primary management objective for the Company. Noninterest Income Our primary sources of recurring noninterest income are credit card fees, such as interchange fees and statement fees, and mortgage banking revenue. Noninterest income does not include (i) loan origination fees to the extent they exceed the direct loan origination costs and annual renewal fees, which are generally recognized over the life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield using the interest method or (ii) late fees assessed on delinquent accounts. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income: (in thousands) Noninterest income: Service charges on deposit accounts Credit card fees Mortgage banking revenue Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale, net Other income Total noninterest income Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 % Change $ $ 767 $ 21,972 4,866 — 1,767 29,372 $ 609 27,884 20,843 153 1,147 50,636 25.9 % (21.2) (76.7) (100.0) 54.1 (42.0)% The Bank’s OpenSky Division active customer accounts decreased by 127 thousand when comparing the 2022 year end levels to 2021 year end levels. The decrease in accounts was due to waning COVID-19 consumer patterns, a return to more normalized seasonal trends in 2022 and aggressive marketing by competitors. These headwinds led to decreased fees of $5.9 million during 2022. ® The Bank’s Capital Bank Home Loans division saw a decline in mortgage originations during the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to the prior year. A rising interest rate environment dampened home loan sales and home loan refinances. Gain on sale margins, down slightly from 2.79% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, remained strong at 2.34% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Historically-low housing inventory, shortages in new home building materials, and fluctuating interest rates are likely to continue suppressing origination volumes into 2023. Mortgage loans sold are subject to repurchase in circumstances where documentation is deficient or the underlying loan becomes delinquent or pays off within a specified period following loan funding and sale. The Bank considers these potential recourse provisions to be a risk and has established a reserve under generally accepted accounting principles for possible repurchases. The reserve was $1.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Bank repurchased one loan in December 2022 for $463 thousand and one loan for $205 thousand during 2021. The Bank does not originate “sub-prime” mortgage loans and has no exposure to this market segment 37 Noninterest Expense Generally, noninterest expense is composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, obtaining and retaining customer relationships and providing bank services. The largest component of noninterest expense is salaries and employee benefits. Noninterest expense also includes operational expenses, such as occupancy and equipment expenses, professional fees, advertising expenses, loan processing expenses and other general and administrative expenses, including FDIC assessments, communications, travel, meals, training, supplies and postage. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense: (in thousands) Noninterest expense: Salaries and employee benefits Occupancy and equipment Professional services Data processing Advertising Loan processing Other real estate expense, net Other operating Total noninterest expense 2022 2021 % Change Years Ended December 31, $ $ 42,898 $ 4,865 11,012 29,418 6,220 1,702 (183) 13,182 109,114 $ 37,843 4,327 6,996 39,237 4,803 3,527 368 12,993 110,094 13.4 % 12.4 57.4 (25.0) 29.5 (51.7) (149.7) 1.5 (0.9)% During 2022, data processing expenses decreased $9.8 million primarily due to a contract renegotiation entered into in the first quarter of 2022. When compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, salaries and employee benefits increased due to the addition of new employees in our commercial and commercial real estate lending groups as well as additional positions in executive management as the Company continues to put in place the requisite human capital for its continued growth. An increase in advertising expense was attributable to enhanced marketing for the commercial bank segment as well as OpenSky during 2022 as the Company focused on retaining high-quality customers and faced increasing competition in the credit card market. Professional fees associated with the commercial bank segment increased as the Company continued to build out its regulatory compliance function and its technology infrastructure. ® Income Tax Expense The amount of income tax expense we incur is influenced by our pre-tax income and our nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at current income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense was $12.4 million for 2022 compared to $13.9 million for 2021. Our effective tax rates for those periods were 22.9% and 25.8%, respectively. 38 Financial Condition The following table summarizes the Company’s financial condition at the dates indicated. (in thousands) Total assets Investment securities available for sale Portfolio loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs Total deposits Borrowings Total stockholders’ equity Equity to total assets at end of period Average number of basic shares outstanding Average number of diluted shares outstanding December 31, Change expressed in: 2022 2021 Dollars Percent $ $ 2,123,655 252,481 1,728,592 1,758,072 119,062 224,015 10.5 % 14,025 14,362 $ 2,055,300 184,455 1,523,982 1,797,137 34,062 197,903 9.6 % 13,799 14,081 68,355 68,026 204,610 (39,065) 85,000 26,112 3.3 36.9 13.4 (2.2 249.5 13.2 9.4 1.6 2.0 Total assets at December 31, 2022 reflected an increase from the December 31, 2021 balance due primarily to growth in the commercial real estate loan portfolio, which was accompanied by decreases in the credit card portfolio, increases in borrowings, and decreases in deposits during 2022 when compared to 2021, as well as a reduction in SBA-PPP loans as a result of payoffs during 2022. Securities The Company uses its securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements. Management classifies investment securities as either held to maturity or available for sale based on our intentions and the Company’s ability to hold such securities until maturity. In determining such classifications, securities that management has the positive intent and the Company has the ability to hold until maturity are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost. All other securities are designated as available for sale and carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in stockholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. For the years presented, all securities were classified as available for sale. To supplement interest income earned on our loan portfolio, the Company invests in high-quality mortgage-backed securities, government agency bonds, asset-backed securities and high-quality municipal and corporate bonds. During early 2022, management invested a portion of its excess liquidity into U.S. Treasuries as the spread between treasuries and other investment portfolios continued to contract. The following tables summarize the contractual maturities, without consideration of call features or pre-refunding dates, and weighted-average yields of investment securities at December 31, 2022 and the amortized cost and carrying value of those securities as of the indicated dates. The weighted average yields were calculated by multiplying the book value of each individual security by its yield, dividing that figure by the portfolio total, and then summing the value of these results to arrive at the weighted average yield. Yields on tax-exempt investments are not calculated on a fully tax equivalent basis. 39 One Year or Less More Than One Year Through Five Years More Than Five Years Through Ten Years More Than Ten Years Total Book Value Weighted Average Yield Book Value Weighted Average Yield Book Value Weighted Average Yield Book Value Weighted Average Yield Book Value Fair Value Weighted Average Yield $ $ 53,739 — — — — 53,739 2.60 % $ — — — — 2.60 % $ 88,165 — — — 10,051 98,216 1.25 % $ — — — 5.19 1.65 % $ 73,582 508 5,000 — 13,099 92,189 1.27 % $ 2.53 4.31 — 2.94 1.68 % $ — 10,307 — 7,970 12,476 30,753 — % $ 1.91 — 2.89 2.09 $ 215,486 10,815 5,000 7,970 35,626 2.24 % $ 274,897 $ 199,449 8,012 4,600 7,711 32,709 252,481 1.59 % 1.94 4.31 2.89 3.28 1.91 % At December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Securities Available for Sale: U.S Treasuries Municipal Corporate bonds Asset-backed securities Mortgage-backed securities Total Portfolio Loans Our primary source of income is derived from interest earned on loans. Our portfolio loans consist of loans secured by real estate as well as commercial business loans, credit card loans, substantially all of which are secured by corresponding deposits at the Bank and, to a limited extent, other consumer loans. Our loan customers primarily consist of small- to medium-sized businesses, professionals, real estate investors, small residential builders and individuals. Our owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, residential construction loans and commercial business and investment loans provide us with higher risk-adjusted returns, shorter maturities and more sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations, and are complemented by our relatively lower risk residential real estate loans to individuals. Our credit card portfolio supplements our traditional lending products with enhanced yields. Our lending activities, outside of credit cards, are principally directed to our market area consisting of the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan areas. Residential Real Estate Loans. We offer one-to-four family mortgage loans primarily on owner-occupied primary residences and, to a lesser extent, investor-owned residences. Residential loans are originated through our commercial sales teams and our Capital Bank Home Loan division. Our residential loans also include home equity lines of credit. Our owner-occupied residential real estate loans usually have fixed rates for five to seven years and adjust on an annual basis after the initial term based on a typical maturity of 30 years. Our investor residential real estate loans are generally based on 25-year terms with a balloon payment due after five years. In general, the required minimum debt service coverage ratio is 1.15. Residential real estate loans have represented a growing portion of our loan portfolio. Commercial Real Estate Loans. The Company originates both owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans. These loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Commercial loans that are secured by owner-occupied commercial real estate and primarily collateralized by operating cash flows are also included in this category of loans. Commercial real estate loan terms are generally extended for 10 years or less and amortize generally over 25 years or less. The interest rates on our commercial real estate loans generally have an initial fixed rate terms that adjust typically at 5 years. Origination fees are routinely charged for our services. The Company generally requires personal guarantees from the principal owners of the business, supported by a review of the principal owners’ personal financial statements and global debt service obligations. The properties securing the portfolio are diverse in type. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry. Construction Loans. Our construction loans are offered within our Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan operating areas to builders primarily for the construction of single-family homes, condominium and townhouse conversions or renovations and, to a lesser extent, to individuals. Our 40 construction loans typically have terms of 12 to 18 months with the goal of transitioning the borrowers to permanent financing or re-underwriting and selling into the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loan. According to our underwriting standards, the ratio of loan principal to collateral value, as established by an independent appraisal, should not exceed 75% for investor-owned and 80% for owner-occupied properties. Exceptions are sometimes made. We conduct semi-annual stress testing of our construction loan portfolio and closely monitor underlying real estate conditions as well as our borrower’s trends of sales valuations as compared to underwriting valuations as part of our ongoing risk management efforts. Borrowers’ progress is monitored during the course of construction buildout, including for adherence to construction milestones and completion timelines. Commercial Business Loans. In addition to our other loan products, the Company provides general commercial loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, letters of credit and other loan products, primarily in our target markets, and underwritten based on each borrower’s ability to service debt from income. These loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial business loans are secured by a lien on general business assets including, among other things, available real estate, accounts receivable, promissory notes, inventory and equipment, and we generally obtain a personal guaranty from the borrower or other principal. Credit Cards. Through our OpenSky credit card division, the Company provides credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores through a fully digital and mobile platform. The majority of the lines of credit are secured by a noninterest-bearing demand account at the Bank in an amount equal to the full credit limit of the credit card. In addition, using our proprietary scoring model, which considers credit score and repayment history (typically a minimum of six months of on-time repayments, but ultimately determined on a case-by-case basis), the Bank offers certain customers an unsecured increase to their existing line or an unsecured card. ® Other Consumer Loans. To a very limited extent and typically as an accommodation to existing customers, we offer personal consumer loans such as term loans, car loans or boat loans. 41 The repayment of loans is a source of additional liquidity for us. The following table details contractual maturities of our portfolio loans, along with an analysis of loans maturing after one year categorized by rate characteristic. Loans with adjustable interest rates are shown as maturing in the period during which the contract is due. The table does not reflect the effects of possible prepayments. (in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Credit card Other consumer Total portfolio loans, gross Loans above maturing after one year categorized by rate characteristic: Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Other consumer Total portfolio loans, gross Nonperforming Assets One Year or Less Amount One to Five Years Amount As of December 31, 2022 Over Five Years to Fifteen Years After Fifteen Years Amount Amount Total $ $ $ 106,486 75,435 206,120 76,670 128,434 255 593,400 $ 169,516 $ 314,475 24,899 73,610 — 438 582,938 $ $ 104,389 271,096 7,080 62,324 — 486 445,375 $ 104,344 $ 3,545 — 7,617 — — 115,506 $ 484,73 664,55 238,09 220,22 128,43 1,17 1,737,21 Predetermined Interest Rates Floating or Variable Rates Total $ $ $ 187,460 399,718 9,909 99,332 913 697,332 $ 190,789 $ 189,397 22,069 44,220 11 446,486 $ 378,24 589,11 31,97 143,55 92 1,143,81 Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. In general, we place loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due. We also place loans on nonaccrual status if they are less than 90 days past due if the collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed from income. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are, in management’s opinion, reasonably assured. Any loan which the Bank deems to be uncollectible, in whole or in part, is charged off to the extent of the anticipated loss. Consumer credit card balances are moved into the charge off queue after they become more than 90 days past due and are charged off not later than 120 days after they become past due. Loans that are past due for 180 days or more are charged off unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 introduces guidance to change the accounting for loan losses and modifies the impairment model for certain debt securities. This ASU introduced a new model known as CECL. CECL changes the impairment model for most financial assets, and requires the use of an “expected credit loss” model for financial instruments measured at amortized 42 cost and certain other instruments, such as off-balance sheet credit exposures, loan commitments, standby letters of credit, net investments in leases recognized by a lessor and HTM debt securities. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach, which has impacted our loan loss policies and will have an impact on the Company’s provision for credit losses in the periods after adoption, which could differ materially from historical trends. For additional information on ASU 2016-13, refer to “Note 1 – Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”. The Company believes its disciplined lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. There are several procedures in place to assist the Company in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. The Company has established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our bankers, and monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit. From a credit risk standpoint, we grade watchlist and problem loans into one of five categories: pass/watch, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with each loan. Credits ratings are reviewed regularly. Ratings are adjusted regularly to reflect the degree of risk and loss that our management believes to be appropriate for each credit. Our methodology is structured so that specific reserve allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). Loans that are deemed special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss are listed in the Bank’s Problem Loan Status Report. The Problem Loan Status Report provides a detailed summary of the borrower and guarantor status, loan accrual status, collateral evaluation and includes a description of the planned collection and administration program designed to mitigate the Bank’s risk of loss and remove the loan from problem status. The Special Asset Committee reviews the Problem Loan Status Report on a quarterly basis for borrowers with an overall loan exposure in excess of $250,000. A special mention loan has potential weaknesses deserving of management’s attention. If uncorrected, such weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in our credit position at some future date. Special mention loans at December 31, 2022 increased by $13.5 million compared to December 31, 2021. The increase is attributable, in part, to the reclassification of the Bank’s $18.4 million participation interest in two commercial loans that are secured by the same collateral. The borrowers, an individual and a related entity, breached a negative covenant and thereafter agreed, in consideration of a forbearance agreement and an extension of the maturity date of each loan, to increase the applicable interest rate and to provide enhanced reporting to the lead bank. Interest payments are current on both loans. The lead bank is in discussions with the borrowers regarding a plan for full repayment of the loans. At December 31, 2022, the recorded investment in impaired loans was $9.4 million, $458 thousand of which required a specific reserve of $372 thousand compared to a recorded investment in impaired loans of $11.3 million including $336 thousand requiring a specific reserve of $218 thousand at December 31, 2021. Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). At December 31, 2022, the Company had one loan amounting to $288 thousand that was considered to be a TDR, compared to five loans amounting to $534 thousand at December 31, 2021. 43 Allowance for Loan Losses We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s estimate of the loan losses and risks inherent in our loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance for loan losses should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in those amounts, or at all. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for loan losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of our loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates. The following table presents key ratios for the allowance for loan losses and nonaccrual loans for the periods indicated: (in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card Other consumer Total _____________ (1) Allowance calculation excludes SBA-PPP loans. Allowance for loan losses to period end portfolio loans (1) Nonaccrual loans to total portfolio loans Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans (1) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 For the Years Ended December 31, 1.13 % 1.22 1.59 1.33 4.73 0.88 1.53 % 1.40 % 1.54 1.84 1.50 2.59 1.13 1.65 % 0.88 % 0.24 1.19 0.32 — — 0.56 % 0.71 % — 3.06 0.38 — — 0.70 % 128 % 518 133 417 — — 270 % 198 % 34,606 60 390 — — 220 % The following table presents a summary of the net charge-off (recovery) of loans as a percentage of average loans for the periods indicated: (in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card Other consumer Total Net Charge-offs Average Loans Percent of average portfolio loans Net Charge-offs Average Loans Percent of average portfolio loans For the Years Ended December 31, $ $ — $ — 17 — 5,410 — 5,427 $ 2022 434,714 593,981 243,921 179,757 126,473 815 1,579,661 — % — 0.01 — 4.28 — 0.34 % $ $ — $ 161 (1) 33 1,419 — 2021 421,856 456,972 233,964 143,434 112,313 2,449 1,612 $ 1,370,988 — % 0.04 — 0.02 1.26 — 0.12 % The allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2022 included specific reserves of $372 thousand set aside for impaired loans. The allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2021 included specific reserves of $218 thousand set aside for impaired loans. Total charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were primarily due to credit card charge-offs resulting primarily from the aging of the portfolio 44 and partially from the shift from an almost exclusively secured card portfolio to a partially secured card portfolio as we launched an unsecured card available only to existing qualifying customers. Additionally, there are economic challenges facing the overall industry that have also impacted the provisioning for our credit card portfolio. As the loan portfolio and allowance for loan losses review processes continue to evolve, there may be changes to elements of the allowance and this may have an effect on the overall level of the allowance. Historically, the Bank has enjoyed a high-quality loan portfolio with relatively low levels of net charge-offs and low delinquency rates. Management is intent on maintaining a strong credit review function and risk rating process. The Company has an experienced Credit Administration function, which provides independent analysis of credit requests and the management of problem credits. The Credit Department has developed and implemented analytical procedures for evaluating credit requests, has refined the Company’s risk rating system, and continues to adapt and enhance the monitoring of the loan portfolio. The loan portfolio analysis process is intended to contribute to the identification of weaknesses before they become more severe. Although we believe we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP and that the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions for loan losses will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio. The following table shows the allocation of the allowance for loan losses among loan categories as of the dates indicated. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any loan category. (in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card Other consumer Total allowance for loan losses Amount Percent (1) Amount Percent (1) 2022 2021 December 31, $ $ 5,481 8,098 3,782 2,935 6,078 11 26,385 21 % $ 31 14 11 23 — 100 % $ 5,612 8,566 4,699 2,637 3,655 12 25,181 22 % 34 19 10 15 — 100 % _______________ (1) Loan category as a percentage of total portfolio loans which excludes SBA-PPP loans. Total Liabilities Total liabilities at December 31, 2022 saw an increase from its December 31, 2021 balance due to growth in borrowed funds. Offsetting this increase were decreases in the deposits portfolio as well as other liabilities. Deposits Deposits are the major source of funding for the Company. We offer a variety of deposit products including interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing demand, savings, money market and time accounts, all of which we actively market at competitive pricing. We generate deposits from our customers on a relationship basis and through the efforts of our commercial lending officers and our business banking officers. During the year ended December 31, 2022, competition and a challenging deposit environment 45 have driven a reduction in low cost interest-bearing deposits and an increase in money market accounts as customers reallocate balances to take advantage of higher rates on those accounts. Our credit card customers are a significant source of noninterest-bearing deposits. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our credit card customers accounted for $187.4 million and $229.5 million, or 27.8% and 29.1%, respectively, of our total noninterest-bearing deposit balances. In addition to retail deposits, the Company had $131.8 million of wholesale time deposits at December 31, 2022 compared to no balance at December 31, 2021. The following table presents the average balances and average rates paid on deposits for the periods indicated: (in thousands) Interest-bearing demand accounts Money market accounts Savings accounts Certificates of deposit Total Interest-bearing deposits Noninterest-bearing demand accounts Total deposits 2022 2021 Average Balance Average Rate Average Balance Average Rate December 31, $ $ 253,923 553,388 8,917 165,854 982,082 781,971 1,764,053 0.07 % $ 0.82 0.06 1.75 0.77 % 0.43 % $ 289,285 482,225 6,470 269,262 1,047,242 750,760 1,798,002 0.07 0.31 0.05 1.53 0.55 0.32 Deposit costs increased materially during 2022. Average rates were 0.32% during 2021 and 0.43% in 2022. The increase in noninterest-bearing deposits partially offset the increase in rates. The following table presents the maturities of our certificates of deposit as of December 31, 2022. (in thousands) $250,000 or more Less than $250,000 Total Three Months or Less Over Three Through Six Months Over Six Through Twelve Months Over Twelve Months $ $ 5,218 35,600 40,818 $ $ 5,123 66,587 71,710 $ $ 26,282 42,645 68,927 $ $ 59,668 52,292 111,960 $ $ Total 96,291 197,124 293,415 As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately $834.5 million and $972.4 million, respectively, of our deposit portfolio was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements. Borrowings We utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below. FHLB Advances. The FHLB allows us to borrow up to 25% of our assets on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of December 31, 2022, approximately $522.0 million in real estate loans were pledged as collateral for our FHLB borrowings. Of the $522.0 million in loans pledged to the FHLB, our total borrowing capacity at December 31, 2022 was $330.8 million. None of our investment securities were pledged with the FHLB as of December 31, 2022. We utilize these borrowings to meet liquidity needs and to fund certain fixed rate loans in our portfolio. As of December 31, 2022, we had $107.0 million in outstanding advances and $223.8 million in available borrowing capacity from the FHLB. 46 Other borrowed funds. The Company has also issued junior subordinated debentures and other subordinated notes. At December 31, 2022, these other borrowings amounted to $12.1 million. At December 31, 2022, our junior subordinated debentures amounted to $2.1 million. The junior subordinated debentures were issued in June of 2006, mature on June 15, 2036, and may be redeemed prior to that date under certain circumstances. The principal amount of the debentures has not changed since issuance, and they accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 1.87%. On November 30, 2020, the Company issued $10.0 million in subordinated notes due in 2030 to replace the outstanding higher yielding $13.5 million issuance. The notes have a ten-year term and have a fixed rate of 5.00% for the first five years; thereafter, the rate resets quarterly to a benchmark rate, being the three-month term SOFR, plus 490 basis points. The notes may be redeemed, in part or whole, upon the occurrence of certain events. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond has an available borrower in custody arrangement which allows us to borrow on a collateralized basis. The Company’s borrowing capacity under the Federal Reserve’s discount window program was $21.4 million as of December 31, 2022. Certain commercial loans are pledged under this arrangement. We maintain this borrowing arrangement to meet liquidity needs pursuant to our contingency funding plan. No advances were outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 2022. The Company also has lines of credit of $76.0 million available with other correspondent banks at December 31, 2022, as well as access to certificate of deposit funding through a financial network which the Bank strives to limit to 15% of the Bank’s assets. There were no outstanding balances on the lines of credit from correspondent banks at December 31, 2022. Liquidity Liquidity is defined as the Bank’s capacity to meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost. Maintaining an adequate level of liquidity depends on the Bank’s ability to meet both expected and unexpected cash flows and collateral needs efficiently and without adversely affecting either daily operations or the financial condition of the Bank. Liquidity risk is the risk that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they become due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding. The Bank’s obligations, and the funding sources used to meet them, depend significantly on our business mix, balance sheet structure and the cash flow profiles of our on- and off-balance sheet obligations. In managing our cash flows, management regularly addresses situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk. These include funding mismatches, market constraints on the ability to convert assets into cash or in accessing sources of funds (i.e., market liquidity) and contingent liquidity events. Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operational, legal and reputational risks also could affect the Bank’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in the assessment of liquidity and asset/liability management. Management has established a risk management process for identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling liquidity risk. Because of its critical importance to the viability of the Bank, liquidity risk management is integrated into our risk management processes. Critical elements of our liquidity risk management include: corporate governance consisting of oversight by the board of directors and active involvement by management; strategies, policies, procedures, and limits used to manage and mitigate liquidity risk; liquidity risk measurement and monitoring systems (including assessments of the current and prospective cash flows or sources and uses of funds) that are believed to be commensurate with the complexity and business activities of the Bank; active management of intraday liquidity and collateral; a diverse mix of existing and potential future funding sources; holding liquid marketable securities, free of legal, regulatory or operational impediments, that can be used to meet liquidity needs in situations of stress; contingency funding plans that address potential adverse liquidity events and emergency cash 47 flow requirements; and internal controls and internal audit processes believed to be sufficient to determine the adequacy of the institution’s liquidity risk management process. We expect funds to be available from a number of basic banking activity sources, including the core deposit base, the repayment and maturity of loans and investment security cash flows. Other potential funding sources include brokered certificates of deposit, deposit listing services, CDARS, borrowings from the FHLB and other lines of credit. Deposits securing our OpenSky card lines of credit and deposits from title companies represent the largest concentrations in the deposit portfolio. As of December 31, 2022, these concentrations represent 11% and 13% of deposits, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, these deposits represented 13% and 18% of deposits, respectively. ® We have an available borrower custody arrangement with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond which allows us to borrow on an eligible collateralized basis. As of December 31, 2022, we had $223.8 million of available borrowing capacity from the FHLB, $21.4 million of available borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and available lines of credit of $76.0 million with other correspondent banks. Cash and cash equivalents were $80.4 million at December 31, 2022 and $183.4 million at December 31, 2021. Accordingly, at December 31, 2022, our liquidity resources were at sufficient levels to fund loans and meet other cash needs as necessary. Capital Resources Stockholders’ equity increased $26.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 largely due to net income of $41.8 million for the year. Stock options exercised, shares issued as compensation, shares sold and stock-based compensation increased common stock and additional paid-in capital by $3.1 million. These increases were more than offset by net unrealized losses on available for sale securities of $15.7 million. The Company uses several indicators of capital strength. The most commonly used measure is average common equity to average assets (computed as average equity divided by average total assets), which was 10.22% at December 31, 2022 and 8.82% at December 31, 2021. The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can precipitate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum ratios of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital as a percentage of assets and off-balance sheet exposures, adjusted for risk weights ranging from 0% to 1250%. The Bank is also required to maintain capital at a minimum level based on quarterly average assets, which is known as the leverage ratio. In July 2013, federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule that revised their risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with certain standards that were developed by Basel III and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule applies to all depository institutions and bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies with total consolidated assets of more than $1 billion. The Bank was required to implement the new Basel III capital standards (subject to the phase-in for certain parts of the new rules) as of January 1, 2015. In August of 2018 the Regulatory Relief Act directed the Federal Reserve Board to revise the Small BHC 48 Policy Statement to raise the total consolidated asset limit in the Small BHC Policy Statement from $1 billion to $3 billion. The Company is currently exempt from the consolidated capital requirements. The ability of the Company to continue to grow is dependent on its earnings and those of the Bank, the ability to obtain additional funds for contribution to the Bank’s capital, through additional borrowings, through the sale of additional common stock or preferred stock, or through the issuance of additional qualifying capital instruments, such as subordinated debt. The capital levels required to be maintained by the Company and Bank may be impacted as a result of the Bank’s concentrations in commercial real estate loans. See “Risks Related to the Regulation of Our Industry” in Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors. As of December 31, 2022, the Bank was in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements to which it was subject, and the Bank was classified as “well capitalized” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we deploy our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we intend to monitor and control our growth relative to our earnings in order to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us. 49 The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Company (as if such requirements applied to the Company) and the Bank as of the dates indicated. Actual Minimum Capital Adequacy To Be Well Capitalized Full Phase In of Basel III Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount (in thousands) December 31, 2022 The Company Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) The Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) December 31, 2021 The Company Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) The Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) $ $ $ $ 242,829 242,829 240,767 262,217 199,846 199,846 199,846 219,234 201,040 201,040 198,978 228,574 169,384 169,384 169,384 186,397 86,442 96,315 72,237 128,421 84,416 92,574 69,431 123,432 82,683 83,596 62,697 111,462 81,070 81,097 60,823 108,130 11.24 % $ 15.13 15.00 16.33 9.47 % $ 12.95 12.95 14.21 9.73 % $ 14.43 14.28 16.41 8.36 % $ 12.53 12.53 13.79 50 4.00 % 6.00 4.50 8.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 136,447 112,368 168,552 Ratio N/A 8.50 7.00 10.50 4.00 % $ 6.00 4.50 8.00 105,521 123,432 100,289 154,290 5.00 % 8.00 6.50 10.00 N/A N/A 131,147 108,003 162,005 8.50 7.00 10.50 4.00 % 6.00 4.50 8.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 118,428 97,529 146,294 8.50 7.00 10.50 4.00 % $ 6.00 4.50 8.00 101,338 108,130 87,856 135,162 5.00 % 8.00 6.50 10.00 N/A N/A 114,888 94,614 141,921 8.50 7.00 10.50 Contractual Obligations We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. Our liquidity monitoring and management consider both present and future demands for and sources of liquidity. The following table of contractual commitments focuses only on future obligations and summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022. (in thousands) FHLB advances Certificates of deposit $250,000 or more Certificates of deposit less than $250,000 Lease payments Subordinated debt Total Off-Balance Sheet Items Due in One Year or Less Due After One Through Three Years Due After Three Through Five Years Due After 5 Years Total $ $ $ 85,000 36,623 142,316 1,056 — $ — 58,656 51,576 973 — $ 22,000 1,012 450 392 — $ — — 20 — 12,062 264,995 $ 111,205 $ 23,854 $ 12,082 $ 107,000 96,291 194,362 2,421 12,062 412,136 In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are generally used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. We are not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these commitments; however, we maintain an allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk which is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Our commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit and commitments to extend credit expiring by period as of the date indicated are summarized below. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect actual future cash funding requirements. (in thousands) Unfunded lines of credit Commitments to originate residential loans held for sale Letters of credit Commitment to fund other investments Total credit extension commitments December 31, 2022 2021 $ $ $ 345,063 — 5,105 4,365 354,533 $ 360,3 1,3 5,1 6,3 373,2 Unfunded lines of credit represent unused credit facilities to our current borrowers. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, we would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, we would be entitled to seek recovery from the customer from the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and/or marketable securities. Our policies generally require that letter of credit arrangements contain security and debt covenants similar to those contained in loan agreements. We believe the credit risk associated with issuing letters of credit is substantially the same as the risk involved in extending loan facilities to our customers. 51 We seek to minimize our exposure to loss under letters of credit and credit commitments by subjecting them to the same credit approval and monitoring procedures as we do for on-balance sheet instruments. The effect on our revenue, expenses, cash flows and liquidity of the unused portions of these letters of credit commitments cannot be precisely predicted because we do not control the extent to which the lines of credit may be used. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend funds to a customer, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have variable interest rates, fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being fully drawn, the total commitment amounts disclosed above do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case- by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if considered necessary by us, upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. We enter into forward commitments for the delivery of mortgage loans in our current pipeline. Interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from our commitments to fund the loans. These commitments to fund mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market, along with the interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors, are considered derivatives. The commitment to fund other investments reflects an obligation to make an investment in a Small Business Investment Company. Impact of Inflation Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession. Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, most other operating expenses are sensitive to changes in levels of inflation. 52 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Many assumptions are used to calculate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest income, such as asset prepayments, non-maturity deposit price sensitivity and decay rates, and key rate drivers. Because of the inherent use of these estimates and assumptions in the model, our actual results may, and very likely will, differ from our static EAR results. In addition, static EAR results do not include actions that our management may undertake to manage the risks in response to anticipated changes in interest rates or client behavior. For example, as part of our asset/liability management strategy, management has the ability to increase asset duration and decrease liability duration in order to reduce asset sensitivity, or to decrease asset duration and increase liability duration in order to increase asset sensitivity. The following table summarizes the results of our EAR analysis in simulating the change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of December 31, 2022: IMPACT ON NET INTEREST INCOME UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK Earnings at Risk December 31, 2022 -300 bps -200 bps -100 bps Flat +100 bps +200 bps +300 bps (4.8)% (3.3)% (1.6)% 0.0 % 2.3 % 5.5 % 8.8 Utilizing an economic value of equity (“EVE”) approach, we analyze the risk to capital from the effects of various interest rate scenarios through a long-term discounted cash flow model. This measures the difference between the economic value of our assets and the economic value of our liabilities, which is a proxy for our liquidation value. While this provides some value as a risk measurement tool, management believes EAR is more appropriate in accordance with the going concern principle. The following table illustrates the results of our EVE analysis as of December 31, 2022. ECONOMIC VALUE OF EQUITY ANALYSIS UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK Economic Value of Equity December 31, 2022 -300 bps -200 bps -100 bps Flat +100 bps +200 bps +300 bps (7.0)% (3.3)% (1.1)% 0.0 % (0.2)% (0.9)% (0.9 53 Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset liability and funds management policy provides management with the guidelines for funds management, and we have established a measurement system for monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity position. We endeavor to manage our sensitivity position within our established guidelines. Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and the market value of all interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those that have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to mitigate the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income. We endeavor to manage our exposure to interest rates by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, financial options or financial futures contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. We endeavor to hedge the interest rate risks of our available for sale mortgage pipeline by using mortgage-backed securities, and short positions. Based on the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets. Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Bank’s Asset/Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) in accordance with policies approved by our board of directors. The committee formulates strategies based on perceived levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook for interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk, which include an analysis of relationships between interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and an interest rate shock simulation model. The following table indicates that, for periods less than one year, rate-sensitive assets exceeded rate-sensitive liabilities, resulting in an asset-sensitive position. For a bank with an asset-sensitive position, or positive gap, rising interest rates would generally be expected to have a positive effect on net interest income, and falling interest rates would generally be expected to have the opposite effect. 54 December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Assets Interest earning assets (1) Loans Securities Interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions Federal funds sold Total earning assets Liabilities Interest-bearing liabilities Interest-bearing deposits Time deposits Total Interest-bearing deposits FHLB Advances Other borrowed funds Total Interest-bearing liabilities Period gap Cumulative gap Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets _______________ (1) Includes loans held for sale. INTEREST SENSITIVITY GAP Within One Month After One Month Through Three Months After Three Through Twelve Months Within One Year Greater Than One Year Total $ $ $ $ $ $ 397,979 9,828 39,764 20,688 468,259 11,755 3,991 15,746 35,000 — 50,746 417,513 417,513 20.35 % $ $ $ $ $ $ 346,564 7,448 — — 354,012 23,510 36,826 60,336 50,000 — 110,336 243,676 661,189 32.22 % $ $ $ $ $ $ 248,165 59,390 — — 307,555 105,797 140,637 246,434 — — 246,434 61,121 722,310 35.20 % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 992,708 76,666 39,764 20,688 1,129,826 $ 141,062 181,454 322,516 85,000 — 407,516 722,310 722,310 35.20 % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 719,078 183,177 19,963 — 922,218 649,282 111,961 761,243 22,000 12,062 795,305 126,913 849,223 41.38 % 1,711,786 259,843 59,727 20,688 2,052,044 790,344 293,415 1,083,759 107,000 12,062 1,202,821 849,223 We use quarterly Earnings at Risk (“EAR”) simulations to assess the impact of changing interest rates on our earnings under a variety of scenarios and time horizons. These simulations utilize both instantaneous and parallel changes in the level of interest rates, as well as non-parallel changes such as changing slopes and twists of the yield curve. Static simulation models are based on current exposures and assume a constant balance sheet with no new growth. Dynamic simulation models are also utilized that rely on assumptions regarding changes in existing lines of business, new business, and changes in management and client behavior. We also use economic value-based methodologies to measure the degree to which the economic values of the Bank’s positions change under different interest rate scenarios. The economic-value approach focuses on a longer-term time horizon and endeavors to capture all future cash flows expected from existing assets and liabilities. The economic value model utilizes a static approach in that the analysis does not incorporate new business; rather, the analysis shows a snapshot in time of the risk inherent in the balance sheet. 55 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 56 To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Capital Bancorp, Inc. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Elliott Davis, PLLC We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017. Raleigh, North Carolina March 15, 2023 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands) Assets Cash and due from banks Interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions Federal funds sold Total cash and cash equivalents Investment securities available for sale Marketable equity securities Restricted investments Loans held for sale U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") Payroll Protection Program ("PPP") loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs Portfolio loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs Less allowance for loan losses Total portfolio loans held for investment, net Premises and equipment, net Accrued interest receivable Deferred tax asset Foreclosed real estate Bank owned life insurance Other assets Total assets Liabilities Deposits Noninterest-bearing Interest-bearing Total deposits Federal Home Loan Bank advances Other borrowed funds Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Total liabilities Stockholders' equity Common stock, $.01 par value; 49,000,000 shares authorized; 14,138,829 and 13,962,334 issued and outstanding Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities and stockholders' equity See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 58 2022 2021 $ $ $ $ 19,963 39,764 20,688 80,415 252,481 — 7,362 7,416 2,163 1,728,592 (26,385) 1,702,207 3,386 9,489 13,777 — 36,524 8,435 2,123,655 $ $ 674,313 1,083,759 1,758,072 107,000 12,062 1,031 21,475 1,899,640 141 58,190 182,435 (16,751) 224,015 $ 2,123,655 $ 42,914 136,824 3,657 183,395 184,455 245 3,498 15,989 108,285 1,523,982 (25,181) 1,498,801 3,282 7,901 9,793 86 35,506 4,064 2,055,300 787,650 1,009,487 1,797,137 22,000 12,062 473 25,725 1,857,397 140 54,306 144,533 (1,076) 197,903 2,055,300 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands except per share data) Interest income Loans, including fees Investment securities available for sale Federal funds sold and other Total interest income Interest expense Deposits Borrowed funds Total interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Net interest income after provision for loan losses Noninterest income Service charges on deposits Credit card fees Mortgage banking revenue Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale, net Other income Total noninterest income Noninterest expenses Salaries and employee benefits Occupancy and equipment Professional fees Data processing Advertising Loan processing Other real estate expenses (income), net Other operating Total noninterest expenses Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 59 2022 2021 $ $ $ $ 144,408 $ 3,912 2,326 150,646 7,611 2,428 10,039 140,607 6,631 133,976 767 21,972 4,866 — 1,767 29,372 42,898 4,865 11,012 29,418 6,220 1,702 (183) 13,182 109,114 54,234 12,430 41,804 $ 2.98 $ 2.91 $ 120,784 2,010 449 123,243 5,808 742 6,550 116,693 3,359 113,334 609 27,884 20,843 153 1,147 50,636 37,843 4,327 6,996 39,237 4,803 3,527 368 12,993 110,094 53,876 13,898 39,978 2.90 2.84 14,024,598 14,362,203 13,798,620 14,081,403 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands) Net income Other comprehensive (loss): Unrealized loss on investment securities available for sale Reclassification of realized gain on sales of investment securities available for sale Income tax benefit relating to the items above Other comprehensive loss Comprehensive income See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 60 2022 2021 $ $ 41,804 $ (20,912) — (20,912) 5,237 (15,675) 26,129 $ 39,97 (3,68 (15 (3,84 1,04 (2,79 37,18 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands, except per share data) Balance, December 31, 2020 Common Stock Shares Amount Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders' Equity 13,753,529 $ 138 $ 50,602 $ 106,854 $ 1,717 $ 159,311 Net income Unrealized loss on investment securities available for sale, net of income taxes Stock options exercised, net of shares withheld for purchase price Shares issued as compensation Stock-based compensation Cash dividends to stockholders ($0.10 per share) — — 186,461 22,344 — — — — 2 — — — — — 1,838 519 1,347 — 39,978 — (873) (44) — (1,382) Balance, December 31, 2021 13,962,334 140 54,306 144,533 Net income Unrealized loss on investment securities available for sale, net of income taxes Stock options exercised, net of shares withheld for purchase price Shares issued as compensation Stock-based compensation Cash dividends to stockholders ($0.22 per share) Balance, December 31, 2022 — — 160,590 15,905 — — — — 1 — — — — — 1,999 223 1,662 — 41,804 — (765) (52) — (3,085) 14,138,829 $ 141 $ 58,190 $ 182,435 $ (16,751) $ — (2,793) — — — — (1,076) — (15,675) — — — — 39,978 (2,793) 967 475 1,347 (1,382) 197,903 41,804 (15,675) 1,235 171 1,662 (3,085) 224,015 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 61 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Provision for loan losses Provision for mortgage put-back reserve, net Release of off balance sheet credit risk Net amortization on investments Premises and equipment depreciation Lease asset amortization Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI Executive long term incentive plan expense Stock-based compensation expense Director and employee compensation paid in Company stock Deferred income tax expense (benefit) Valuation allowance on derivatives Gain on sale of securities available for sale (Gain) loss on sales of foreclosed real estate, net Loss on disposal of premises and equipment (Increase) decrease in valuation of loans held for sale carried at fair value Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale Originations of loans held for sale Changes in assets and liabilities: Accrued interest receivable Other assets Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 62 2022 2021 $ 41,804 $ 39,978 6,631 9 (54) 540 364 1,068 (1,018) 582 1,662 171 1,240 9 — (20) 14 — 308,549 (299,976) (1,588) (4,382) 558 (4,773) 51,390 3,359 4 (40) 642 561 645 (506) 1,344 1,347 519 (1,927) (49) (153) 47 — 246 1,091,746 (1,000,827) 233 (1,222) (661) (3,210) 132,076 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands) Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of securities available for sale Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal paydowns of securities available for sale Proceeds from sale of securities available for sale Net (purchases) sales of restricted investments Net decrease in SBA-PPP loans receivable Net increase in loans receivable Net purchases of premises and equipment Proceeds from sales of foreclosed real estate Purchase of Bank owned life insurance Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Net increase (decrease) in: Noninterest-bearing deposits Interest-bearing deposits Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net Other borrowed funds Dividends paid Proceeds from exercise of stock options Net cash provided by financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year Noncash investing and financing activities: Change in unrealized losses on investments Value of restricted shares withheld for payment of taxes Cash paid during the period for: Taxes Interest See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 63 2022 2021 (113,078) 23,846 — (3,864) 106,122 (210,037) (1,550) 106 — (198,455) (113,337) 74,272 85,000 — (3,085) 1,235 44,085 (102,980) (169,672) 13,882 66,534 215 92,733 (210,092) (24) 3,193 (35,000) (238,231) 179,091 (34,082) — (1,954) (1,382) 967 142,640 36,485 183,395 146,910 80,415 $ 183,395 (20,912) $ (52) 11,730 $ 9,481 $ (3,841) (44) 15,920 7,211 $ $ $ $ $ Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation Nature of operations: Capital Bancorp, Inc. is a Maryland corporation and bank holding company (the “Company”) for Capital Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”). The Company's primary operations are conducted by the Bank, which operates branches in Rockville and Columbia, Maryland; Reston, Virginia; and the District of Columbia. The Bank is principally engaged in the business of investing in commercial, real estate, and credit card loans and attracting deposits. The Company originates residential mortgages for sale in the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loans, the Bank’s residential mortgage banking arm, and issues credit cards through OpenSky , a secured, digitally-driven, nationwide credit card platform. ® The Company formed Church Street Capital, LLC (“Church Street Capital”) in 2014 to provide short-term secured real estate financing to Washington, D.C. area investors and developers that may not meet all Bank credit criteria. In addition, the Company owns all of the stock of Capital Bancorp (MD) Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”). The Trust is a special purpose non-consolidated entity organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. Basis of presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the activity of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Bank and Church Street Capital. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company reports its activities as four business segments: commercial banking; mortgage lending; credit cards; and corporate activities. In determining the appropriateness of segment definition, the Company considers components of the business about which financial information is available and regularly evaluated relative to resource allocation and performance assessment. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Significant accounting policies: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. The primary reference point for the estimates is on historical experience and assumptions believed to be reasonable regarding the value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Cash and cash equivalents For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from financial institutions, interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods. 64 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued) Investment securities Investment securities are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in stockholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. Premiums and discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted using the interest method. Changes in the fair value of debt securities available for sale are included in stockholder’s equity as unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect. Unrealized losses are periodically reviewed to determine whether the loss represents an other than temporary impairment. Any unrealized losses judged to be other than a temporary impairment will be charged to income. Marketable equity securities Marketable equity securities are carried at fair value with realized gains and losses included in earnings. Premiums and discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted using the interest method. Changes in the fair value of equity securities are also included in earnings as gain or loss on marketable equity securities. Loans held for sale Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale are recorded at fair value, determined individually, as of the balance sheet date. Fair value is determined based on outstanding investor commitments, or in the absence of such commitments, based on current investor yield requirements. Gains and losses on loan sales are determined by the specific- identification method. The Company’s current practice is to sell residential mortgage loans on a servicing released basis, and, therefore, it has no intangible asset recorded for the value of such servicing. Interest on loans held for sale is credited to income based on the principal amounts outstanding. Upon sale and delivery, loans are legally isolated from the Company and the Company has no ability to restrict or constrain the ability of third‑party investors to pledge or exchange the mortgage loans. The Company does not have the entitlement or ability to repurchase the mortgage loans or unilaterally cause third‑party investors to put the mortgage loans back to the Company. Unrealized and realized gains on loan sales are determined using the specific-identification method and are recognized through mortgage banking activity in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company elects to measure loans held for sale at fair value to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans on the Company’s balance sheet. Portfolio loans and the allowance for loan losses Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, adjusted for deferred origination fees and costs, discounts on loans acquired, and the allowance for loan losses. Interest is accrued based on the loan principal balances and stated interest rates. Origination fees and costs are recognized as an adjustment to the related loan yield using approximate interest methods. For credit card loans, loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period. 65 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued) The Company discontinues the accrual of interest at the earlier of when any portion of the principal and/or interest is 90 days past due, or when it is probable that not all principal and interest payments will be collected, and collateral is insufficient to discharge the debt in full. Generally, interest payments on nonaccrual loans are recorded as a reduction of the principal balance. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information, management believes the Company will not collect all principal and interest payments according to contractual terms. Generally, loans are reviewed for impairment when the risk grade for a loan is downgraded to a classified asset category. The loans are evaluated for appropriate classification, accrual, impairment, and troubled debt restructure status. If collection of principal is evaluated as doubtful, all payments are applied to principal. A modification of a loan is considered a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification constitutes a concession. The Company may consider interest rate reductions, changes to payment terms, extensions of maturities and/or principal reductions. Loans are generally charged-off in part or in full when management determines the loan to be uncollectible. Factors for charge-off that may be considered include: repayments deemed to be extended out beyond reasonable time frames, client bankruptcy and lack of assets, and/or collateral deficiencies. For credit card loans, accrued interest and assessed late fees are charged off simultaneously with the charge off of other components of amortized costs as other operating expense. The allowance for loan losses is estimated to adequately provide for probable future losses on existing loans. The allowance consists of specific and general components. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the collateral value, if the loan is collateral dependent, or the discounted cash flows of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers pools of nonclassified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted with qualitative factors such as: trends in volume and terms of loans; levels of, and trends in, delinquencies and non-accruals; effects of any changes in lending policies, experience, ability and depth of management; national and local economic trends and conditions; commitments and concentrations of credit; changes in the quality of the Company’s loan review system; and the volume of loans with identified incomplete financial documentation. Actual loan performance may differ materially from those estimates. A loss is recognized as a charge to the allowance when management believes that collection of the loan is unlikely. Collections of loans previously charged off are added to the allowance at the time of recovery. The components of the allowance for loan losses represent an estimation done pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 450, “Contingencies,” or ASC Topic 310,“Receivables.” Specific allowances are established in cases where management has identified significant conditions or circumstances related to a specific credit that management believes indicate the probability that a loss may be incurred. The process for determining an appropriate allowance for loan losses is based on a comprehensive, well- documented, and consistently applied analysis of the loan portfolio. The analysis considers significant factors that affect the collectability of the portfolio and supports the loan losses estimated by this process. It is important to recognize that the related process, methodology, and underlying assumptions require a substantial degree of judgment. 66 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued) Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate; however, determination of the allowance is inherently subjective and requires significant estimates. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions. Evaluation of the potential effects of these factors on estimated losses involves a high degree of uncertainty, including the strength and timing of economic cycles and concerns over the effects of a prolonged economic downturn in the current cycle. In addition, various banking agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, and independent consultants engaged by the Bank, periodically review the Bank’s loan portfolio and allowance for loan losses. Such review may result in recognition of additions to the allowance based on their evaluation of information available to them at the time of their examination. The review of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses includes an assessment of the fair value adjustment for acquired loans in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Premises and equipment Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related property, generally over two to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the respective leases, which may include renewal options where management has the positive intent to exercise such options, or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is less. The costs of major renewals and improvements are capitalized with the corresponding costs associated with amortization or depreciation included as a component of occupancy and equipment expenses. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are charged to noninterest expenses as incurred. Leases The Company accounts for leases according to ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and applies a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record, for all leases with a lease term of more than 12 months, an asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a liability to make lease payments. The Company elected to apply the package of practical expedients permitting entities to not reassess: 1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; 2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and 3) initial direct costs for any existing leases. Additionally, as provided by ASU 2016-02, the Company elected not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases, defined as leases with a term of 12 months or less, and to recognize the lease payments in net income on short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Derivative financial instruments The Company enters into commitments to fund residential mortgage loans (interest rate locks) with the intention of selling them in the secondary market. The Company also enters into forward sales agreements for certain funded loans and loan commitments. The Company records unfunded commitments intended for loans held for sale and forward sales agreements at fair value with changes in fair value recorded as a component of mortgage banking revenue. Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value. For pipeline loans which are not pre-sold to an investor, the Company endeavors to manage the interest rate risk on rate lock commitments by entering into forward sale contracts, whereby the Company obtains the right to deliver securities to investors in the future at a specified price. Such contracts are accounted for as derivatives and are recorded at fair value as derivative assets or liabilities, with changes in fair value recorded in mortgage banking revenue. 67 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued) The Company accounts for derivative instruments and hedging activities according to guidelines established in ASC 815-10, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended. The Company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measures those instruments at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivatives designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges, to the extent they are effective as hedges, are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of deferred taxes. Any hedge ineffectiveness would be recognized in the income statement line item pertaining to the hedged item. Fair value measurements Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The degree of management judgment involved in determining the fair value of a financial instrument is dependent upon the availability of quoted market prices or observable market inputs. For financial instruments that are traded actively and have quoted market prices or observable market inputs, there is minimal subjectivity involved in measuring fair value. However, when quoted market prices or observable market inputs are not fully available, significant management judgment may be necessary to estimate fair value. In developing our fair value estimates, we strive to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy defines Level 1 valuations as those based on quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 valuations include inputs based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 valuations are based on at least one significant assumption not observable in the market, or significant management judgment or estimation, some of which may be internally developed. Financial assets that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include investment securities available for sale, loans held for sale, and derivative financial instruments. Financial liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are comprised of derivative financial instruments. See Note 17 - Fair Value. Bank-owned life insurance The Company had $36.5 million of bank-owned life insurance at December 31, 2022 and $35.5 million at December 31, 2021. The Company recognized income, which is included in other noninterest income, of $1.0 million and $506 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Income taxes The Company employs the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes as required by ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities (i.e., temporary timing differences) and are measured at the enacted rates that will be in effect when these differences reverse. The Company utilizes statutory requirements for its income tax accounting, and limits risks associated with potentially problematic tax positions that may incur challenge upon audit, where an adverse outcome is more likely than not. Therefore, no provisions are necessary for either uncertain tax positions nor accompanying potential tax penalties and interest for underpayments of income taxes in the Company’s tax reserves. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company may establish a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in those cases where realization is less than certain. 68 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued) Earnings per share Earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock using the treasury stock method. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were 139,921 and 1,129 stock options, respectively, that were not included in the calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted earnings per common share: (dollars in thousands) Basic EPS Net income available to common stockholders Effect of dilutive securities Dilutive EPS per common share Comprehensive income For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Income Weighted Average Shares Per Share Amount Income Weighted Average Shares Per Share Amount $ $ 41,804 — 41,804 14,024,598 337,605 14,362,203 $ $ 2.98 2.91 $ $ 39,978 — 39,978 13,798,620 282,783 14,081,403 $ $ 2. 2. The Company reports as comprehensive income all changes in stockholders' equity during the year from sources other than stockholders. Other comprehensive income refers to all components (income, expenses, gains, and losses) of comprehensive income that are excluded from net income. The Company's only component of other comprehensive income is unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale, net of income taxes. Information concerning the Company's accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: (in thousands) Unrealized losses on securities available for sale Deferred tax benefit Total accumulated comprehensive loss For the Years Ended December 31, 2021 2022 $ $ (22,416) $ 5,665 (16,751) $ (1,504) 428 (1,076) 69 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (continued) Recently issued accounting pronouncements: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 introduces guidance to change the accounting for loan losses and modifies the impairment model for certain debt securities. This ASU introduced a new model known as CECL. CECL changes the impairment model for most financial assets, and will require the use of an “expected credit loss” model for financial instruments measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, such as off-balance sheet credit exposures, loan commitments, standby letters of credit, net investments in leases recognized by a lessor and HTM debt securities. This model requires entities to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on such instruments and record an allowance that represents the portion of the amortized cost basis that the entity does not expect to be collected, considering relevant information about historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecast. ASU 2016-13 offers a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with more than insignificant credit deterioration since their origination. Additionally, ASU 2016-13 also modifies certain provisions of the current other-than-temporary impairment model for AFS debt securities. Credit losses on AFS debt securities will be restricted to the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04 which elaborates on the treatment of accrued interest when measuring credit losses. To meet disclosure requirements, we elected a practical expedient to disclose separately the total amount of accrued interest included in the amortized cost basis as a single balance. ASU 2019-04 explains that expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off should be included in the valuation account and should not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off by the entity. In addition, for collateral dependent financial assets, the amendments clarify that an allowance for credit losses that is added to the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) should not exceed amounts previously written off. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, which delayed the effective date of ASU 2016-13 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 for smaller reporting companies. While early adoption was permitted, the Company did not elect that option. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption of this standard, the Company expects the adoption to result in a change to the Allowance for Loan Losses of less than $1.0 million which will be reflected in the Company’s first quarter 2023 Form 10-Q when the Company will also be subject to the amended disclosure requirements of the standard. The Company expects the adoption of the CECL framework to also impact its off-balance sheet exposures, such as its unfunded commitments. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the company expects to make an adjustment to its reserve for unfunded commitments in an amount less than $1.0 million. In addition to its allowance for loan losses and its reserve for unfunded commitments, the Company is required to record an allowance for losses on held-to-maturity debt securities with the CECL adoption. The Company did not hold any held to maturity securities that would be impacted by ASU 2016-13 as of the adoption date. In March 2020, the FASB released ASU 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform, Topic 848, which provides temporary guidance to ease the potential accounting burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects from, reference rate reform on financial reporting. The new standard is a result of London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) likely being discontinued as an available benchmark rate. The standard is elective and provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, or other transactions that reference LIBOR, or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The amendments in the update are effective for all entities between March 12, 2020 and an extended sunset date of December 31, 2024 which was extended by ASU 2022-06 issued by FASB in December 2022. The Company is currently evaluating products and preparing to offer new rates. The 70 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. In February 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The ASU eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors and enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan re-financings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The amendments also add requirements to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is in the process of reviewing the enhanced modification disclosure requirements. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts reported in prior periods to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassifications had no material effect on net income or total stockholders' equity. Note 2 - Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash and amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold. The Bank is required by regulations to maintain an average cash reserve balance based on a percentage of deposits; however, on March 15, 2020, the Federal Reserve announced that reserve requirement ratios would be reduced to zero percent effective March 26, 2020, due to economic conditions, which eliminated the reserve requirement for all depository institutions. The reserve requirement is still at zero percent as of December 31, 2022. Note 3 - Investment Securities The investment securities portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government sponsored entity securities, asset-backed securities, securities issued by states, counties and municipalities, corporate bonds and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). The asset-backed securities are comprised of student loan collateral issued by the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) which includes a minimum of a 97% government repayment guarantee, as well as additional support in excess of the government guaranteed portion. 71 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities available for sale at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 U.S. Treasuries Municipal Corporate Asset-backed securities Mortgage-backed securities Total December 31, 2021 U.S. Treasuries Municipal Corporate Asset-backed securities Mortgage-backed securities Total Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value $ $ $ $ 215,486 $ 10,815 5,000 7,970 35,626 274,897 $ 132,452 $ 10,825 5,000 10,093 27,589 185,959 $ — $ — — — — — $ 45 $ 43 — 59 514 661 $ (16,037) $ (2,803) (400) (259) (2,917) (22,416) $ (1,496) $ (394) (66) (12) (197) (2,165) $ 199,44 8,01 4,60 7,71 32,70 252,48 131,00 10,47 4,93 10,14 27,90 184,45 There were no securities sold during the year ended December 31, 2022. Proceeds from the sale of securities during the year ended December 31, 2021 were $66.5 million and resulted in gains of $694 thousand and losses of $541 thousand. Information related to unrealized losses in the investment portfolio as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is summarized as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 U.S. Treasuries Municipal Corporate Asset-backed securities Mortgage-backed securities Total December 31, 2021 U.S. Treasuries Municipal Corporate Asset-backed securities Mortgage-backed securities Total Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses $ $ $ $ $ 82,102 1,452 — 6,156 22,067 $ (1,396) (207) — (237) (1,884) $ 117,347 6,560 4,600 1,555 10,642 $ (14,641) (2,596) (400) (22) (1,033) $ 199,449 8,012 4,600 7,711 32,709 111,777 $ (3,724) $ 140,704 $ (18,692) $ 252,481 $ $ 110,191 5,750 4,448 — 14,114 $ (1,496) (248) (52) — (189) $ — 3,019 486 2,115 2,124 134,503 $ (1,985) $ 7,744 $ — (146) (14) (12) (8) (180) $ $ $ 110,191 8,769 4,934 2,115 16,238 142,247 $ (16,03 (2,80 (40 (25 (2,91 (22,41 (1,49 (39 (6 (1 (19 (2,16 At December 31, 2022, there were sixteen treasury securities, one asset-backed security, seven municipal securities, five corporate securities, and three mortgage-backed securities that have been in a loss position for greater than twelve months. Management believes that all unrealized losses have resulted from temporary changes in interest rates and current market conditions and not as a result of credit deterioration. Management has the ability and the intent to hold these investment securities until maturity or until they recover in value. 72 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 3 - Investment Securities (continued) There were no pledged securities at December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021. Contractual maturities of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, asset-backed, municipal, corporate and mortgage-backed securities at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. (in thousands) Within one year Over one to five years Over five to ten years Over ten years Asset-backed securities Mortgage-backed securities (1) (1) $ $ For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost 53,739 $ 88,165 79,090 10,307 7,970 35,626 53,204 $ 82,538 68,805 7,514 7,711 32,709 2021 — $ 58,602 78,850 10,825 10,093 27,589 Fair Value — 57,650 78,285 10,474 10,140 27,906 184,455 (1) 274,897 $ 252,481 $ 185,959 $ Mortgage-backed and Asset-backed securities are due in monthly installments. Note 4 - SBA-PPP Loans During the global COVID-19 pandemic, pursuant to the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, the SBA-PPP provided forgivable loans to small businesses to enable them to maintain payroll, hire back employees who have been laid off, and cover applicable overhead. SBA-PPP loans have an interest rate of 1%, have 2- and 5-year terms, and carry a 100% guarantee of the SBA. The program ended on May 31, 2031. The allowance for loan losses for SBA-PPP loans was separately evaluated given the explicit government guarantee. This analysis, which incorporated historical experience with similar SBA guarantees and underwriting, concluded that the likelihood of loss was remote and therefore no allowance for loan losses was assigned to these loans. SBA-PPP loans receivable, which totaled $2.2 million, and $111.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively all of which rated as pass credits, not past due, nonaccrual, TDR, or otherwise impaired. Earned fees for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are $3.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively. Unearned net fees associated with the SBA-PPP loans amounted to $31 thousand and $3.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no outstanding commitments to extend additional SBA-PPP loans at December 31, 2022. 73 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable Major classifications of portfolio loans are as follows: (in thousands) Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card, net of reserve Other consumer Portfolio loans receivable, gross Deferred origination fees, net Allowance for loan losses Portfolio loans receivable, net Amount Percent Amount Percent 2022 2021 December 31, $ $ 484,735 664,551 238,099 220,221 128,434 1,179 1,737,219 (8,627) (26,385) 1,702,207 28 % $ 38 14 13 7 — 100 % $ 401,607 556,339 255,147 175,956 141,120 1,033 1,531,202 (7,220) (25,181) 1,498,801 26 % 36 17 11 9 — 100 % The Company makes loans to customers located primarily in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan areas. Although the loan portfolio is diversified, its performance is influenced by the regional economy. The Company’s loan categories, excluding SBA-PPP loans, previously discussed in Note 4, are described below. Residential Real Estate Loans. One-to-four family mortgage loans are primarily secured by owner-occupied primary residences and, to a lesser extent, investor-owned residences. Residential loans are originated through the commercial sales teams and Capital Bank Home Loans division. Residential loans also include home equity lines of credit. Owner-occupied residential real estate loans usually have fixed rates for five or seven years and adjust on an annual basis after the initial term based on a typical maturity of 30 years. Investor residential real estate loans are generally based on 25-year terms with a balloon payment due after five years. Generally, the required minimum debt service coverage ratio is 1.15. Commercial Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate loans are originated on owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied properties. These loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Commercial loans that are secured by owner-occupied commercial real estate and primarily collateralized by operating cash flows are also included in this category of loans. As of December 31, 2022, there were approximately $378.7 million of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, representing approximately 21.8% of the commercial real estate portfolio. Commercial real estate loan terms are generally extended for 10 years or less and amortize generally over 25 years or less. The interest rates on commercial real estate loans generally have initial fixed rate terms that adjust typically at five years. Origination fees are routinely charged for services. Personal guarantees from the principal owners of the business are generally required, supported by a review of the principal owners’ personal financial statements and global debt service obligations. The properties securing the portfolio are diverse in type. This diversity may help reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry. 74 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable (continued) Construction Loans. Construction loans are offered within the Company’s Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan operating areas to builders primarily for the construction of single-family homes and condominium and townhouse conversions or renovations and, to a lesser extent, to individuals. Construction loans typically have terms of 12 to 18 months. The Company frequently transitions the end purchaser to permanent financing or re-underwriting and sale into the secondary market through Capital Bank Home Loans. According to underwriting standards, the ratio of loan principal to collateral value, as established by an independent appraisal, cannot exceed 75% for investor-owned and 80% for owner-occupied properties, although exceptions are sometimes made. Semi-annual stress testing of the construction loan portfolio is conducted, and underlying real estate conditions are monitored as well as trends in sales outcomes versus underwriting valuations as part of ongoing risk management efforts. The borrowers’ progress in construction buildout is monitored to enforce the original underwriting guidelines for construction milestones and completion timelines. Commercial and Industrial. In addition to other loan products, general commercial loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, letters of credit and other loan products are offered, primarily in target markets, and underwritten based on each borrower’s ability to service debt from income. These loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial business loans are secured by a lien on general business assets including, among other things, available real estate, accounts receivable, promissory notes, inventory and equipment. Personal guaranties from the borrower or other principal are generally obtained. ® Credit Cards. Through the OpenSky credit card division, the Company offers secured, partially secured, and unsecured credit cards on a nationwide basis to under-banked populations and those looking to rebuild their credit scores through a fully digital and mobile platform. The secured lines of credit are secured by a noninterest-bearing demand account at the Bank in an amount equal to the full credit limit of the credit card. For the partially secured lines of credit, the Bank offers certain customers an unsecured line in excess of their secured line of credit by using a proprietary scoring model, which considers credit score and repayment history (typically a minimum of six months of on-time repayments, but ultimately determined on a case-by-case basis). Partially secured and unsecured credit cards are only extended to existing secured card customers who have demonstrated sound credit behaviors. Approximately $109.4 million and $126.8 million of the $123.1 million and $140.2 million in secured and partially secured credit card balances were protected by savings deposits held by the Company as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Unsecured balances were $26.8 million and $17.7 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Other Consumer Loans. To a limited extent and typically as an accommodation to existing customers, personal consumer loans, such as term loans, car loans or boat loans are offered. Loans acquired through acquisitions are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. In estimating the fair value of loans acquired, certain factors were considered, including the remaining lives of the acquired loans, payment history, estimated prepayments, estimated loss ratios, estimated value of the underlying collateral and the net present value of cash flows expected. Discounts on loans that were not considered impaired at acquisition were recorded as an accretable discount, which will be recognized in interest income over the terms of the related loans. For loans considered to be impaired at acquisition, the difference between the contractually required payments and expected cash flows are recorded as a non-accretable discount. The remaining non-accretable discounts on loans acquired was $285 thousand as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Loans with non-accretable discounts had carrying values of $781 thousand and $818 thousand as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. 75 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable (continued) The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current economic factors. The following tables present, by class and reserving methodology, the allocation of the allowance for loan losses and the gross investment in loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. (in thousands) December 31, 2022 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial (1) Credit card Other consumer Total December 31, 2021 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial (1) Credit card Other consumer Total _______________ Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance Evaluated for Impairment: Outstanding Loan Balances Evaluated for Impairment: Beginning Balance Provision for Loan Losses Charge-Offs Recoveries Ending Balance Individually Collectively Individually Collectively $ $ $ $ $ 5,612 8,566 4,699 2,637 3,655 12 25,181 $ $ 7,153 6,786 4,595 2,417 2,462 21 $ $ $ (131) (468) (900) 298 7,833 (1) 6,631 (1,541) 1,941 103 253 2,612 (9) $ — — (17) — (5,461) — (5,478) $ $ — (161) — (39) (1,454) — 23,434 $ 3,359 $ (1,654) $ — — — — 51 — 51 — — 1 6 35 — 42 $ $ $ $ 5,481 8,098 3,782 2,935 6,078 11 26,385 $ $ 5,612 8,566 4,699 2,637 3,655 12 $ 25,181 $ — — — 372 — — 372 — — — 218 — — 218 $ $ $ $ $ 5,481 8,098 3,782 2,563 6,078 11 26,013 $ $ 5,612 8,566 4,699 2,419 3,655 12 $ $ $ 4,288 1,563 2,837 705 — — 9,393 2,835 25 7,803 676 — — 480,447 662,988 235,262 219,516 128,434 1,179 1,727,826 398,772 556,314 247,344 175,280 141,120 1,033 24,963 $ 11,339 $ 1,519,863 (1) Credit cards loans are collectively evaluated by past due status and as such are not individually risk rated. 76 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable (continued) Past due portfolio loans, segregated by delinquency and class of loans, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card Other consumer Total December 31, 2021 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card Other consumer Total Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More days Past Due Nonaccrual Loans $ $ $ $ $ 146 — 1,804 503 15,928 — 18,381 $ $ 469 367 — 183 19,022 — $ $ $ 4,284 1,563 2,837 569 363 — 9,616 2,494 25 7,803 593 10 — $ 4,430 1,563 4,641 1,072 16,291 — $ 480,305 662,988 233,458 219,149 112,143 1,179 $ 484,735 664,551 238,099 220,221 128,434 1,179 27,997 $ 1,709,222 $ 1,737,219 $ $ 2,963 392 7,803 776 19,032 — $ 398,644 555,947 247,344 175,180 122,088 1,033 $ 401,607 556,339 255,147 175,956 141,120 1,033 20,041 $ 10,925 $ 30,966 $ 1,500,236 $ 1,531,202 $ — — — — 363 — 363 72 — — — 10 — 82 $ $ $ $ 4,2 1,5 2,8 7 9,3 2,8 7,8 6 11,3 Impaired loans also include acquired loans for which management has recorded a non-accretable discount. Impaired loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Total December 31, 2021 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Total Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment with no Allowance Recorded Investment with Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Recognized $ $ $ $ 4,476 $ 1,647 2,939 899 9,961 $ 3,022 $ 90 7,885 832 11,829 $ 4,288 $ 1,563 2,837 247 8,935 $ 2,835 $ 25 7,803 340 11,003 $ — $ — — 458 458 $ — $ — — 336 336 $ 4,288 $ 1,563 2,837 705 9,393 $ 2,835 $ 25 7,803 676 11,339 $ — — — 372 372 — — — 218 218 $ $ $ $ 4,629 $ 1,656 2,938 1,199 10,422 $ 4,578 $ 90 9,746 1,056 15,470 $ 149 52 75 77 353 345 82 209 282 918 77 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable (continued) There were $1.3 million and $6 thousand, respectively, of loans secured by one to four family residential properties in the process of foreclosure as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Credit quality indicators As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grade of loans, the level of classified loans, net charge-offs, nonperforming loans, and general economic conditions in the Company’s market. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. A description of the general characteristics of loans characterized as classified is as follows: Special Mention A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Borrowers may exhibit poor liquidity and leverage positions resulting from generally negative cash flow or negative trends in earnings. Access to alternative financing may be limited to finance companies for business borrowers and may be unavailable for commercial real estate borrowers. Substandard A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Borrowers may exhibit recent or unexpected unprofitable operations, an inadequate debt service coverage ratio, or marginal liquidity and capitalization. These loans require more intense supervision by Company management. Doubtful A doubtful loan has all the weaknesses associated with a substandard loan with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. 78 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable (continued) The following table presents the balances of classified loans based on the risk grade. Classified loans include Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful loans: Pass (1) Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Ungraded (2) Total (in thousands) December 31, 2022 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card Other consumer Portfolio loans receivable, gross December 31, 2021 Real estate: Residential Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card Other consumer Portfolio loans receivable, gross $ $ $ $ 469,304 $ 657,411 235,262 196,381 — 1,179 1,559,537 $ 394,488 $ 548,244 243,848 164,066 — 1,033 1,351,679 $ ________________________ (1) Pass includes loans graded exceptional, very good, good, satisfactory and pass/watch. Credit card loans are not individually graded. (2) 5,465 $ 1,563 2,837 1,371 — — 11,236 $ 4,579 $ 25 7,803 1,473 — — 13,880 $ — $ — — — — — — $ — $ — — — — — — $ — $ — — — 128,434 — 128,434 $ — $ — — — 141,120 — 141,120 $ 484,73 664,55 238,09 220,22 128,43 1,17 1,737,21 401,60 556,33 255,14 175,95 141,12 1,03 1,531,20 9,966 $ 5,577 — 22,469 — — 38,012 $ 2,540 $ 8,070 3,496 10,417 — — 24,523 $ 79 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable (continued) Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified in troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after confirmation of the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. The status of TDRs is as follows: (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 Real estate: Residential Total December 31, 2021 Real estate: Residential Commercial and Industrial Total Number of Contracts Performing Recorded Investment Nonperforming Total 1 $ 1 $ 4 $ 1 5 $ — $ — $ — $ — — $ 288 $ 288 $ 450 $ 83 533 $ 28 28 45 8 53 At December 31, 2022 the Company had one defaulted TDR for $288 thousand. In the 12 months ending December 31, 2022, four TDRs, totaling $215 thousand paid off. There were no new TDRs added in 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company restructured one residential portfolio loan for $319 thousand in which the borrower was granted a rate reduction and payment recast. There were no material financial effects as a direct result of this modification. There was one commercial TDR that was paid off during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 for $200 thousand. 80 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable (continued) Outstanding loan commitments were as follows: (in thousands) Unused lines of credit Real Estate: Residential Residential - Home Equity Commercial Construction Commercial and Industrial Credit card Other consumer (1) Commitments to originate residential loans held for sale Letters of credit December 31, 2022 2021 $ $ $ $ 14,336 $ 43,128 36,609 93,913 45,747 111,227 102 345,062 $ — $ 5,105 $ 15,74 37,64 17,22 118,51 45,13 123,87 2,24 360,38 1,38 5,10 _______________ (1) Outstanding loan commitments in the credit card portfolio include $106.9 million and $121.7 million in secured balances as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition of the contract. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Such lines do not represent future cash requirements because it is unlikely that all customers will, at any given time, draw upon their lines in full. Loan commitments generally have variable interest rates, fixed expiration dates, and may require payment of a fee. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Company would be required to fund the commitment. The Company's maximum exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the customer is the contractual amount of the credit commitment. Loan commitments and lines of credit are generally made on the same terms, including with regard to collateral, as outstanding loans. Management is not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these loan commitments. 81 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 5 - Portfolio Loans Receivable (continued) The Company maintains an estimated reserve for off balance sheet items such as unfunded lines of credit, which is reflected in other liabilities, with increases or decreases in the reserve being charged to or released from operating expense. Activity for this account is as follows for the periods presented: (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period Provision for (reversal of) off balance sheet credit commitments Add: Recoveries Less: Charge-offs Balance at end of period $ $ 2022 2021 1,736 $ (54) — — 1,682 $ 1,77 (4 — — 1,73 The Company makes representations and warranties that loans sold to investors meet the investors’ program guidelines and that the information provided by the borrowers is accurate and complete. In the event of a default on a loan sold, the investor may have the right to make a claim for losses due to document deficiencies, program non-compliance, early payment default, and fraud or borrower misrepresentations. The Company maintains a reserve for potential losses on mortgage loans sold, which is reflected in other liabilities, with changes being charged to or released from operating expense. Activity in this reserve is as follows for the periods presented: (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period Provision for mortgage loan put backs Add: Recoveries Less: Charge-offs Balance at end of period Note 6 - Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment and the related depreciation and amortization consist of the following: (in thousands) Leasehold improvements Furniture and equipment Vehicle Software Construction in progress Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization Premises and equipment Net lease asset Premises and equipment, net Depreciation and amortization expense $ $ $ $ $ 2022 2021 1,164 $ 9 — — 1,173 $ 2022 2021 1,683 $ 4,775 54 2,517 694 9,723 (8,434) 1,289 2,097 3,386 $ 364 $ 1,16 — — 1,16 1,71 4,65 5 2,51 — 8,94 (8,13 81 2,46 3,28 56 82 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 7 - Leases The Company’s primary leasing activities relate to certain real estate leases entered into in support of the Company’s branch operations and back-office operations. The Company leases its four full-service branches and three other locations for corporate/administration activities, operations, and loan production. All property leases under lease agreements have been designated as operating leases. The Company does not have leases designated as finance leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are included in premises and equipment, and operating lease liabilities are included as other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The historical weighted average discount rate used was 1.94% at December 31, 2022 and 2.23% at December 31, 2021. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease pre-payments. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which the Company has elected to account for separately as the non-lease component amounts are readily determinable under most leases. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s net lease ROU assets and related lease liabilities were $2.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, and have remaining terms ranging from 1 - 6 years, including extension options that the Company is reasonably certain will be exercised. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had not entered into any material leases that have not yet commenced. The Company’s lease information is summarized as follows: (in thousands) Lease Right-of-Use Asset Lease asset Less: Accumulated amortization Net lease asset Lease Liability Lease liability Less: Accumulated amortization Net lease liability 2022 2021 $ $ $ $ 5,171 $ (3,074) 2,097 $ 5,327 $ (2,968) 2,359 $ 5,3 (2,89 2,4 5,5 (2,80 2,7 83 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 7 - Leases (continued) Future minimum payments for operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more are as follows at December 31, 2022: (in thousands) Amounts due in: 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 and thereafter Total future lease payments Discount of cash flows Present value of net future lease payments 2022 1,0 7 2 2 1 2,4 (6 2,3 $ $ Operating lease and rent expense were $1.3 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Note 8 - Derivative Financial Instruments As part of its mortgage banking activities, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitments, which are commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding and the customers have locked into that interest rate. The Company then either locks the loan and rate in with an investor and commits to deliver the loan if settlement occurs (Best Efforts). Certain loans under rate lock commitments are covered under forward sales contracts. Forward sales contracts are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in mortgage banking revenue. Interest rate lock commitments and commitments to deliver loans to investors are considered derivatives. The market value of interest rate lock commitments and best-efforts contracts are not readily ascertainable with precision because they are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. The Company determines the fair value of rate lock commitments and delivery contracts by measuring the fair value of the underlying asset, which is impacted by current interest rates and takes into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. The following table reports the commitment and fair value amounts on the outstanding derivatives: (in thousands) Notional amount of open forward sales agreements Fair value of open forward delivery sales agreements Notional amount of interest rate lock commitments Fair value of interest rate lock commitments December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ $ 1,750 9 626 1 22,5 ( 18,0 84 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 9 - Interest-Bearing Deposits Major categories of interest-bearing deposits are as follows: (in thousands) Interest-bearing demand accounts Money market accounts Savings Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more Other time deposits Total Interest-bearing deposits $ $ 2022 2021 207,836 574,978 7,530 96,291 197,124 1,083,759 $ $ 330,92 493,91 6,99 108,82 68,82 1,009,48 The Company had $131.1 million in brokered deposits at December 31, 2022 compared to none at December 31, 2021. Deposits securing our OpenSky card lines of credit and deposits from title companies represent the largest concentrations in the deposit portfolio. As of December 31, 2022, ® these concentrations represent 11% and 13% of deposits, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, these deposits represented 13% and 18% of deposits, respectively. Certificates of deposit, as of December 31, 2022, mature as follows: (in thousands) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027, and thereafter Total Note 10 - Borrowed Funds As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company was indebted as follows: (dollars in thousands) FHLB fixed rate advance due October 16, 2025 FHLB fixed rate advance due March 20, 2023 FHLB daily rate advance due September 13, 2023 Total - FHLB advances Junior subordinated debentures due June 15, 2036 Other subordinated notes due November 30, 2030 Total - Other borrowed funds The FHLB fixed rate advances accrue interest on a daily basis and are paid semi-annually. Junior subordinated debentures In June 2006, the Company formed Capital Bancorp (MD) Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”) and on 85 $ $ 181,45 59,14 51,33 67 80 293,41 2022 2021 Balance Interest Balance Interest $ $ $ $ 22,000 50,000 35,000 107,000 2,062 10,000 12,062 0.93 % 4.42 4.57 3.75 % 6.64 % 5.00 5.28 % $ $ $ $ 22,000 — — 22,000 2,062 10,000 12,062 0.93 — — 0.93 2.07 5.00 4.50 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 June 15, 2006, the Trust issued 2,000 floating rate capital securities (the “Capital Securities”) with an aggregate liquidation value of $2,000,000 to a third party in a private placement. Concurrent with the issuance of the Capital Securities, the Trust issued trust common securities to the Company in the aggregate liquidation value of $62,000. Note 10 - Borrowed Funds (continued) The proceeds of the issuance of the Capital Securities and trust common securities were invested in the Company’s Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (the “Floating Rate Debentures”). The Floating Rate Debentures for the Trust will mature on June 15, 2036, which may be shortened if certain conditions are met (including the Company having received prior approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and any other required regulatory approvals). These Floating Rate Debentures, which are the only assets of the Trust, are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness (as defined in the Indenture dated June 15, 2006) of the Company. The Floating Rate Debentures for the Trust accrue interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 1.89%, payable quarterly. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the rate for the Trust was 6.64% and 2.07%, respectively. The quarterly distributions on the Capital Securities will be paid at the same rate that interest is paid on the Floating Rate Debentures. The Company has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the Trust’s obligation under the Capital Securities. The Trust must redeem the Capital Securities when the Floating Rate Debentures are paid at maturity or upon any earlier prepayment of the Floating Rate Debentures. The Floating Rate Debentures may be prepaid if certain events occur, including a change in the tax status or regulatory capital treatment of the Capital Securities, or a change in existing laws that requires the Trust to register as an investment company. The junior subordinated debentures are treated as Tier 1 capital by the Company, to a limited extent, by the Federal Reserve. Other subordinated notes On November 30, 2020, the Company issued $10.0 million of subordinated notes. The notes mature on November 30, 2030 and are redeemable in whole or part on November 30, 2025. The notes bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 5.00% for the first five years, then adjust quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the three-month SOFR, plus 490 basis points. There were related debt issuance costs incurred totaling $50,000 which were fully expensed at the time of issuance. The Company used the proceeds from the offering to redeem the outstanding $13.5 million, 6.95% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes issued in November 2015 and called on December 1, 2020. Available lines of credit The Company has available lines of credit of $76.0 million with other correspondent banks. There were no outstanding line of credit balances at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company may borrow up to 25% of its assets from the FHLB, based on collateral available to pledge to secure the borrowings. Borrowings from the FHLB are secured by a portion of the Company’s loan and/or investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had pledged loans providing borrowing capacity of $330.8 million and $205.3 million, respectively. The Company did not have any pledged investment securities to the FHLB at December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had available borrowing capacity, net of advances and amounts pledged for letters of credit, from the FHLB of $223.8 million and $183.3 million, respectively. 86 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 10 - Borrowed Funds (continued) As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had pledged commercial loans to the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond to secure a borrowing capacity totaling $21.4 million and $15.9 million, respectively, under its discount window program. In addition, the Company had the ability to borrow from the SBA-PPP Liquidity Facility by pledging SBA- PPP loans during 2020 and up through July 30, 2021 after which no new extensions of credit were made under the facility. The Company limits its certificate of deposit funding through financial networks to 15% of the Bank’s assets, or approximately $310.5 million and $302.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company had $131.8 million outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and zero outstanding as of December 31, 2021. Note 11 - Retirement Plans The Company provides a defined contribution plan qualifying under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code to eligible employees. The Company contributes 3% of eligible compensation on behalf of all full‑time employees up to limits prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code. The Company’s contribution to the plan was $850 thousand in 2022 and $398 thousand in 2021. The Bank adopted a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) for executive management members in 2021. The LTIP is in the form of a nonqualified deferred compensation plan and complies with IRC Section 409A as well as related guidance and regulations. The LTIP was introduced in order to align long-term interests of the Bank with the Bank’s key executive management members. Under the LTIP, the CEO is eligible to earn an annual contribution of 20 percent of salary for achieving targeted performance levels while other executive management members are eligible to earn an annual contribution of 15 percent of salary for achieving targeted performance levels. The Compensation Committee may award more for overachievement of the targets, and all targets are set for participants at the beginning of a fiscal year. All participants are subject to the following vesting schedule for any earnings (or losses) on the investment of the contribution: 100 percent vesting following completion of either (i) ten years of service by the applicable executive from the later of the effective date of the LTIP or the executive’s hire date or (ii) ten years of continuous, full-time employment with the Bank by the applicable executive (to include continuous employment prior to the effective date of the LTIP) and retirement, which is defined in the LTIP as the later of a participant’s separation from service or the executive attaining 67 years of age. In the event of a change in control, the LTIP will accelerate vesting. Any executive not fulfilling either vesting requirement will forfeit any employer contributions. Note 12 - Related-Party Transactions Certain executive officers and directors of the Company and Bank, and companies with which they are affiliated, are clients of and have banking transactions with the Company in the ordinary course of business. These transactions are conducted on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not related to the Company. Activity in related-party loans during 2022 and 2021 is shown below: (in thousands) Balance at beginning of year Add: New loans Less: Amounts collected Balance at end of year 2022 2021 $ $ 32,524 18,326 (14,545) 36,305 $ $ 19,27 15,71 (2,46 32,52 87 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 12 - Related-Party Transactions (continued) Deposits from officers and directors and their related interests were $92.0 million at December 31, 2022, and $113.8 million at December 31, 2021. A director of the Company owns an interest in an entity from which the Company leases space for one of its Rockville, Maryland locations. Payments made in accordance with the lease were $82 thousand and $79 thousand in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Company directors, or their related interests, held $2.5 million of the subordinated notes outstanding as of December 31, 2022. These notes hold a fixed rate of interest until November 30, 2025, after which it converts to variable rate. Note 13 - Income Taxes The components of income tax expense were as follows: (in thousands) Current: Federal State Total current expense Deferred tax expense (benefit) Total income tax expense The components of the net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were: (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Allowance for loan and credit losses Reserve for recourse on mortgage loans sold Deferred loan fees - PPP Stock-based compensation Long-term incentive program Unrealized loss on investment securities available for sale Net operating loss carryforward Other Deferred tax liabilities: Accumulated depreciation Other Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance Less: Valuation allowance Net deferred tax asset 88 For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 9,906 $ 1,284 11,190 1,240 12,430 $ 2022 2021 7,073 297 8 257 428 5,665 — 85 13,813 34 2 36 13,777 — 13,777 $ $ 12,99 2,83 15,82 (1,92 13,89 6,67 36 1,07 32 50 42 6 53 9,96 10 10 9,86 6 9,79 $ $ $ $ Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 13 - Income Taxes (continued) The differences between the federal income tax rate and the effective tax rate for the Company are reconciled as follows: Statutory federal income tax rate Increase (decrease) resulting from: State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit Nondeductible expenses Tax exempt income Other Effective Tax Rate 2022 2021 21.00 % 2.58 0.56 (0.41) (0.78) 22.95 % 21.00 3.97 0.44 (0.20 0.59 25.80 Deferred tax assets represent the future tax benefit of deductible differences and, if it is more likely than not that a tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the net deferred tax assets to net realizable value. As of December 31, 2022, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the majority of the deferred tax asset from continuing operations will be realized. At December 31, 2021, a valuation allowance of $67 thousand was recognized for a State of Maryland net operating loss carryforward that may not be realizable. No such valuation allowance was recognized at December 31, 2022. The Company does not have material uncertain tax positions and did not recognize any adjustments for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company remains subject to examination of income tax returns for the years ending after December 31, 2018. 89 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 14 - Capital Standards The Company and Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can precipitate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting, and other factors. Quantitative measures established and defined by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Total, Tier 1 and Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the capital levels of the Company and the Bank exceeded all applicable capital adequacy requirements. As of December 31, 2022 the most recent notification from the OCC has categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain ratios as set forth in the table. There have been no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 for the Bank under the Basel III Capital Rules. The minimum required capital amounts presented include the minimum required capital levels as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 based on the phase-in provisions of the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules. Based on recent changes to the Federal Reserve’s definition of a “Small Bank Holding Company” that increased the threshold to $3 billion in assets, the Company is not currently subject to separate minimum capital measurements. At such time as the Company reaches the $3 billion asset level, it will again be subject to capital measurements independent of the Bank. For comparison purposes, the Company’s ratios are presented in the following table as well, all of which would have exceeded the “well-capitalized” level had the Company been subject to separate capital minimums. 90 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 14 - Capital Standards (continued) Regulatory Capital (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 The Company Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) The Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) December 31, 2021 The Company Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) The Bank Tier 1 leverage ratio (to average assets) Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Total capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets) Actual Minimum Capital Adequacy To Be Well Capitalized Full Phase In of Basel III Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio 86,442 96,315 72,237 128,421 84,416 92,574 69,431 123,432 82,683 83,596 62,697 111,462 81,070 81,097 60,823 108,130 4.00 % 6.00 % 4.50 % 8.00 % N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.00 % $ 6.00 % 4.50 % 8.00 % 105,521 123,432 100,289 154,290 5.00 % 8.00 % 6.50 % 10.00 % 4.00 % 6.00 % 4.50 % 8.00 % N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.00 % $ 6.00 % 4.50 % 8.00 % 101,338 108,130 87,856 135,162 5.00 % 8.00 % 6.50 % 10.00 % N/A 136,447 112,368 168,552 N/A 131,147 108,003 162,005 N/A 118,428 97,529 146,294 N/A 114,888 94,614 141,921 8.50 7.00 10.50 8.50 7.00 10.50 8.50 7.00 10.50 8.50 7.00 10.50 $ $ $ $ 242,829 242,829 240,767 262,217 199,846 199,846 199,846 219,234 201,040 201,040 198,978 228,574 169,384 169,384 169,384 186,397 11.24 % $ 15.13 % 15.00 % $ 16.33 % $ 9.47 % $ 12.95 % 12.95 % 14.21 % 9.73 % $ 14.43 % 14.28 % 16.41 % 8.36 % $ 12.53 % 12.53 % 13.79 % 91 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees. Compensation cost is measured as the fair value of these awards on their date of grant. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used as the fair value of restricted stock awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period for stock option awards and as the restriction period for restricted stock awards. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The expense recognition of employee stock option and restricted stock awards resulted in net expense of approximately $1.8 million and $1.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Stock options: The Company currently has two incentive compensation plans with outstanding stock options, the 2002 Stock Option Plan and the 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (“the Plan”). Only the Plan, which authorizes the use of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and/or restricted stock, is available to grant options and shares to employees and directors. At inception the Plan allowed for up to 1,120,000 shares of common stock to be issued. In 2021, an additional 900,000 shares were authorized for a total of 2,020,000. As of December 31, 2022, there are 896,462 shares available for future grant. Shares of common stock related to any unexercised or unvested award granted under the Plan that terminate or expire, or are subsequently forfeited or cancelled for any reason, become available for re-grant under the Plan. Option prices are equal to or greater than the estimated fair value of the common stock at the date of grant. Options outstanding vest over a four-year period, whereby 25% of the options become exercisable on each anniversary of the grant date. Information with respect to options outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows: Outstanding at beginning of year Add: Granted Less: Exercised Less: Retired on exercise Less: Expired/cancelled/forfeited Outstanding at end of year Exercisable at end of year 2022 2021 Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price 1,060,023 2,000 (160,590) (63,697) (26,576) 811,160 538,066 $ $ $ 14.77 24.25 12.46 12.52 12.82 15.37 13.63 1,169,413 170,244 (186,461) (54,192) (38,981) 1,060,023 551,804 $ $ $ 12. 24. 9. 9. 7. 14. 12. The weighted average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $11.49 and $12.56, respectively. 92 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation (continued) A summary of information about stock options outstanding is as follows: Exercise Price Range Weighted Average Exercise Price Average Remaining Life (years) Outstanding Shares Exercisable Shares December 31, 2022 Total outstanding options Intrinsic value on December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Total outstanding options Intrinsic value on December 31, 2021 $10.70 - 14.63 $ 14.64 - 18.56 18.57 - 22.49 22.50 - 26.41 $ $10.70 - 14.63 $ 14.64 - 18.56 18.57 - 22.49 22.50 - 26.41 $ 13.02 14.96 21.86 26.38 15.37 12.89 14.96 21.86 26.41 14.77 1.73 2.14 3.07 3.86 2.11 2.45 3.14 4.71 5.00 2.80 $ $ 648,651 22,750 2,500 137,259 811,160 492,90 10,68 62 33,84 538,06 7,020,560 $ 5,428,71 892,529 22,750 2,500 142,244 1,060,023 12,143,007 $ 546,80 5,00 — — 551,80 7,529,71 The aggregate intrinsic value as presented in the preceding tables is the difference between the estimated fair value of the stock as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the exercise price of the option multiplied by the number of options outstanding. Stock options with exercise prices greater than the estimated fair value of the stock are not included in this calculation. Total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options to be recognized over the next five years was $1.2 million and $2.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $1.9 million and $4.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted average fair value of options granted during 2022 and 2021 were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: Dividend yield Risk free interest rate Expected volatility Expected life in years 2022 0.99% 3.25% 55.91% 5 2021 0.80% 0.25% 60.97% 5 93 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation (continued) Restricted stock: The Company from time-to-time also grants shares of restricted stock to key employees. These awards help align the interests of these employees with the interests of the stockholders of the Company by providing economic value directly related to increases in the value of the Company’s stock. These awards typically hold service requirements over various vesting periods. The value of the stock awarded is established as the fair market value of the stock at the time of the grant. The Company recognizes expense, equal to the total value of such awards, ratably over the vesting period of the stock grants. All restricted stock agreements are conditioned upon continued employment. Termination of employment prior to a vesting date, as described below, would terminate any interest in non-vested shares. All restricted shares will fully vest in the event of change in control of the Company. Nonvested restricted stock for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is summarized in the following table. 2022 2021 Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Shares Weighted Average Gra Date Fair Value Nonvested at beginning of year Add: Granted Less: Vested Less: Retired on vesting Less: Forfeited Nonvested at end of year 49,047 11,495 (15,905) (4,968) — 39,669 $ $ 14.33 24.66 14.01 14.44 — 17.45 The vesting schedule of restricted shares as of December 31, 2022 is as follows: Year 2023 2024 2025 $ 30,713 29,405 (11,071) — — 49,047 $ Shares 13. 14. 13. 14. 22,206 13,632 3,831 39,669 There was $429 thousand and $189 thousand of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 94 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 16 - Parent Company Financial Information The balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and statements of income and cash flows for the years then ended, for Capital Bancorp, Inc. (Parent only) are presented below. Parent Company Only Balance Sheets (in thousands) Assets Cash and cash equivalents Investment in Bank Investment in Church Street Capital Investment in Trust Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $328 and $328 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively Accrued interest receivable Deferred income taxes Other assets Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Borrowed funds Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Total liabilities Stockholders’ equity Common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity Parent Company Only Statements of Income (in thousands) Interest and dividend income Dividend from Bank Total interest and dividend revenue Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Net interest income after provision for loan losses Noninterest income Noninterest expenses Income before income taxes Income tax expense Income before undistributed net income of subsidiaries Undistributed net income of subsidiaries Net income 95 2022 2021 $ $ $ $ $ $ 272 183,095 5,402 62 47,517 288 100 45 236,781 12,062 48 656 12,766 141 58,190 182,435 (16,751) 224,015 236,781 2,146 11,400 13,546 576 12,970 — 12,970 2 447 12,525 315 12,210 29,594 41,804 $ $ $ $ $ $ 2022 63 168,30 4,60 6 36,19 21 10 1 210,13 12,06 4 12 12,23 14 54,30 144,53 (1,07 197,90 210,13 1,66 6,50 8,16 54 7,62 7 7,55 39 7,16 13 7,02 32,95 39,97 2021 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 16 - Parent Company Financial Information (continued) Parent Company Only Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net Income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Provision for loan losses Undistributed net income of subsidiaries Stock-based compensation expense Director and employee compensation paid in Company stock Deferred income tax benefit Changes in assets and liabilities: Accrued interest receivable Other assets Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Net increase in loans receivable Capital contributions to subsidiaries Net cash used by investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Dividends paid Proceeds from exercise of stock options Net cash used by financing activities Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 96 2022 2021 $ 41,804 $ — (29,594) 1,662 171 — (71) (31) 4 528 14,473 (11,319) (1,662) (12,981) (3,085) 1,235 (1,850) (358) 630 $ 272 $ 39,97 7 (32,95 1,34 51 (1 8 (1 (13 8,88 (9,26 (1,34 (10,61 (1,38 96 (41 (2,14 2,77 63 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 17 - Fair Value Generally accepted accounting principles define fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value, recommend disclosures about fair value, and establish a hierarchy for determining fair value measurement. The hierarchy includes three levels and is based upon the valuation techniques used to measure assets and liabilities. The three levels are as follows: Level 1 - Inputs to the valuation method are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; Level 2 - Inputs to the valuation method include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation method are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Fair value measurements on a recurring basis Investment securities available for sale - The fair values of the Company's investment securities available for sale are provided by an independent pricing service. The fair values of the Company's securities are determined based on quoted prices for similar securities under Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. Loans held for sale - The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for a similar asset, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan. Derivative financial instruments - Derivative instruments used to hedge residential mortgage loans held for sale and the related interest rate lock commitments include forward commitments to sell mortgage loans and are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based on derivative market data inputs as of the valuation date and the underlying value of mortgage loans for rate lock commitments. 97 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 17 - Fair Value (continued) The Company has categorized its financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 Investment securities available for sale U.S. Treasuries Asset-backed securities Municipal Corporate Mortgage-backed securities Total Loans held for sale Derivative assets Derivative liabilities December 31, 2021 Investment securities available for sale U.S. Treasuries Asset-backed securities Municipal Corporate Mortgage-backed securities Total Marketable equity securities Loans held for sale Derivative assets Derivative liabilities Total Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 199,449 $ 7,711 8,012 4,600 32,709 252,481 $ 7,416 $ 10 $ — $ 131,001 $ 10,140 10,474 4,934 27,906 184,455 $ 245 $ 15,989 $ 34 $ 16 $ 199,449 $ — — — — 199,449 $ — $ — $ — $ 131,001 $ — — — — 131,001 $ 245 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7,711 8,012 4,600 32,709 53,032 $ 7,416 $ 10 $ — $ — $ 10,140 10,474 4,934 27,906 53,454 $ — $ 15,989 $ 34 $ 16 $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Financial instruments recorded using FASB ASC 825-10 Under FASB ASC 825-10, the Company may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in net income. After the initial adoption, the election is made at the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election, with respect to an item, may not be revoked once an election is made. The following table reflects the difference between the fair value carrying amount of loans held for sale, measured at fair value under FASB ASC 825-10, and the aggregate unpaid principal amount the Company is contractually entitled to receive at maturity: Fair Value of Loans Held for Sale (in thousands) Aggregate fair value Contractual principal Difference December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ $ 7,416 $ 6,808 608 $ 15,989 14,504 1,485 98 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 17 - Fair Value (continued) The Company elects to account for loans held for sale at fair value to eliminate the mismatch that would occur by recording changes in market value on derivative instruments used to hedge loans held for sale while carrying the loans at the lower of cost or market. Fair value measurements on a nonrecurring basis Impaired loans - The Company has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan's collateral and discounted cash flow analysis. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair values consist of loan balances of $9.4 million and $11.3 million, with valuation allowances of $372 thousand and $218 thousand, respectively. Foreclosed real estate - The Company's foreclosed real estate is measured at fair value less cost to sell. Fair value was determined based on offers and/or appraisals. Cost to sell the real estate was based on standard market factors. The Company has categorized its foreclosed real estate as Level 3. Fair Value of Impaired Loans and Foreclosed Real Estate (in thousands) Impaired loans Level 3 Inputs Total Foreclosed real estate Level 3 Inputs Total 2022 2021 $ $ 9,021 9,021 $ — — $ 11,121 11,121 86 86 The following table provides information describing the unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2022 and 2021: Inputs Impaired Loans Foreclosed Real Estate Appraised Value/Discounted Cash Flows Appraised Value/Comparable Sales Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Discounts to appraisals or cash flows for estimated holding and/or selling costs Discounts to appraisals for estimated holding and/or selling costs General Range of Inputs 0 - 25% 0 - 25% Fair value of financial instruments Fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practical to estimate the value is based upon the characteristics of the instruments and relevant market information. Financial instruments include cash, evidence of ownership in an entity, or contracts that convey or impose on an entity the contractual right or obligation to either receive or deliver cash for another financial instrument. 99 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 17 - Fair Value (continued) The information used to determine fair value is highly subjective and judgmental in nature and, therefore, the results may not be precise. Subjective factors include, among other things, estimates of cash flows, risk characteristics, credit quality, and interest rates, all of which are subject to change. Since the fair value is estimated as of the balance sheet date, the amounts that will actually be realized or paid upon settlement or maturity on these various instruments could be significantly different. As of December 31, 2022, the technique used by the Company to estimate the exit price of the loan portfolio consists of similar procedures to those used as of December 31, 2021, but with added emphasis on both illiquidity risk and credit risk not captured by the previously applied entry price notion. The fair value of the Company’s loan portfolio has always included a credit risk assumption in the determination of the fair value of its loans. This credit risk assumption is intended to approximate the fair value that a market participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction. The Company’s loan portfolio is initially fair valued using a segmented approach. The Company divides its loan portfolio into the following categories: variable rate loans, impaired loans, and all other loans. The results are then adjusted to account for credit risk as described above. However, under the new guidance, the Company believes a further credit risk discount must be applied through the use of a discounted cash flow model to compensate for illiquidity risk, based on certain assumptions included within the discounted cash flow model, primarily the use of discount rates that better capture inherent credit risk over the lifetime of a loan. This consideration of enhanced credit risk provides an estimated exit price for the Company’s loan portfolio. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and have no significant change in credit risk, fair values approximate carrying values. Fair values for impaired loans are estimated using discounted cash flow models or based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions, federal funds sold and restricted investments is the carrying amount. Restricted stock includes equity of the Federal Reserve and other banker’s banks. The fair value of noninterest-bearing deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase is the carrying amount. The fair value of checking and savings deposits, and money market accounts, is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Fair value of fixed maturity term accounts and individual retirement accounts is estimated using rates currently offered for accounts of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of certificates of deposit in other financial institutions is estimated based on interest rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of borrowings is estimated by discounting the value of contractual cash flows using current market rates for borrowings with similar terms and remaining maturities. The fair value of outstanding loan commitments, unused lines of credit, and letters of credit are not included in the table since the carrying value generally approximates fair value. These instruments generate fees that approximate those currently charged to originate similar commitments. 100 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 17 - Fair Value (continued) The table below presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments (in thousands). Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (in thousands) Financial assets Level 1 Cash and due from banks Interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions Marketable equity securities Federal funds sold Level 3 Loans receivable, net Restricted investments Financial liabilities Level 1 Noninterest-bearing deposits Level 3 Interest-bearing deposits FHLB advances and other borrowed funds December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value $ $ $ $ 19,963 $ 19,963 $ 42,914 $ 39,764 — 20,688 39,764 — 20,688 136,824 245 3,657 1,704,370 $ 1,659,283 $ 1,607,086 $ 7,362 7,362 3,498 674,313 1,083,759 119,062 $ $ 674,313 1,090,553 116,544 $ $ 787,650 1,009,487 34,062 $ $ 42,9 136,8 2 3,6 1,598,2 3,4 787,6 1,011,1 34,2 101 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 18 - Segments The Company’s reportable segments represent business units with discrete financial information whose results are regularly reviewed by management. The four segments include Commercial Banking, Capital Bank Home Loans (the Company’s mortgage loan division), and OpenSky (the Company’s credit card division) and the Corporate Office. The following schedule presents financial information for each reportable segment at December 31, 2022 and 2021. ® Segments (in thousands) December 31, 2022 Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Provision for (reversal of) loan losses Noninterest income Noninterest expense (1) Net income (loss) before taxes Total assets December 31, 2021 Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Noninterest income Noninterest expense (1) Net income before taxes Total assets _______________ Commercial Bank CBHL Eliminations Consolidated ® OpenSky Corporate (2) 82,182 $ 9,245 72,937 (980) 2,122 52,552 23,487 $ 435 $ 218 217 — 5,276 8,450 (2,957) $ 64,859 $ — 64,859 7,611 21,972 47,647 31,573 $ 3,349 $ 755 2,594 — 2 465 2,131 $ (179) $ (179) — — — — — $ 150,646 10,039 140,607 6,631 29,372 109,114 54,234 1,939,601 $ 7,936 $ 122,418 $ 245,399 $ (191,699) $ 2,123,655 69,433 $ 5,142 64,291 433 1,759 44,729 20,888 $ 1,217 $ 874 343 — 20,911 12,713 8,541 $ 50,422 $ — 50,422 2,856 27,884 52,231 23,219 $ 2,307 $ 670 1,637 70 82 421 1,228 $ (136) $ (136) — — — — — $ 123,243 6,550 116,693 3,359 50,636 110,094 53,876 1,859,201 $ 16,698 $ 138,232 $ 217,993 $ (176,824) $ 2,055,300 $ $ $ $ $ $ (1) Noninterest expense includes $27.0 million and $36.1 million in data processing expenses in OpenSky’s segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. ® (2) The Corporate segment invests idle cash in revenue producing assets including interest-bearing cash accounts, loan participations and other appropriate investments for the Company. Note 19 - Litigation The Company is involved in legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. The aggregate effect of these, in management’s opinion, would not be material to the results of operations or financial condition of the Company. 102 Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2022 and 2021 Note 20 - Subsequent Events The Company has disclosed information about deposit concentrations in Note 9. In relation to the current economic conditions, management has monitored deposit concentrations through the date the financial statements were issued, noting no significant changes to concentrations. In addition, there has been no significant changes in the characteristics of the deposit book through the date the financial statements were issued. The company has disclosed its investment portfolio position in Note 3. There has been no significant changes in the composition of the investment portfolio through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued. 103 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Report by Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an effective system of internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13A-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management has assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2022, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting based on those criteria. Elliott Davis, PLLC, the independent registered public accounting firm, audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Their report is included in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.” The Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting from the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm due to the transition period established by the SEC for an Emerging Growth Company. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth quarter of 2022 to which this report relates that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. During March 2023, management designed additional internal controls around the review of the allowance for loan loss, created an Allowance for Loan Loss governance committee, and moved Loan Review under the management of the Bank’s Chief Risk Officer. 104 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS Not applicable. ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PART III The information required by this Item with respect to our directors and certain corporate governance practices is contained in our Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Such information is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this Item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Information relating to securities authorized for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plans is included in Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.” ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a)(1), (2) and (c) The following financial statements are incorporated by reference from Item 8 hereof: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PCAOB ID (149) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (a)(3) and (b) Exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K. INDEX TO EXHIBITS Exhibit Number Description 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 21.0 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 101 104 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on August 31, 2018) Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on August 31, 2018) Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Description of Registrant’s Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed March 16, 2020). Long-term borrowing instruments are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. The Company undertakes to furnish copies of such instruments to the SEC upon request. Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on August 31, 2018) Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form S- 1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form S- 1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement under the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form S-1/A filed on September 17, 2018) Form of 2017 Stock and Incentive Plan Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement for Executive Officers Form of 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Executive Officers Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2019, by and among Capital Bancorp, Inc., Capital Bank, N.A. and Edward F. Barry (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8- K filed on January 10, 2019) Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective as of June 15, 2021, by and among Capital Bancorp, Inc., Capital Bank, N.A. and Edward F. Barry (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 11, 2021) Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2022 between Capital Bank, N.A. and Scot R. Browning (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s 8-K filed on January 6. 2022) Employment Contract, dated April 30, 2018, by and among Capital Bank, N.A. and Karl F. Dicker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020, filed on May 11, 2020) Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan dated January 1, 2021 Employment Agreement, effective June 29, 2022 between Capital Bank, N.A. and Edward F. Barry (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2022. Employment Agreement, effective October 11, 2022 between Capital Bank, N.A. and Steven Poynot (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 11, 2022. Subsidiaries of Capital Bancorp, Inc. (reference is made to “Item 1. Business” for the required information) Consent of Elliott Davis, PLLC Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer The following materials from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Capital Bancorp, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the SIGNATURES undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. CAPITAL BANCORP, INC. By:/s/ Edward F. Barry Dated: March 15, 2023 Edward F. Barry Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature By: /s/ Edward F. Barry Edward F. Barry By: /s/ Connie Egan Connie Egan By: /s/ Jerome R. Bailey Jerome R. Bailey By: /s/ Joshua Bernstein Joshua Bernstein By: /s/ C. Scott Brannan C. Scott Brannan By: /s/ Scot. R. Browning Scot R. Browning By: /s/ Fred J. Lewis Fred J. Lewis By: By: By: By: /s/ Randall. J. Levitt Randall J. Levitt /s/ Deborah Ratner Salzberg Deborah Ratner Salzberg /s/ Steven J. Schwartz Steven J. Schwartz /s/ James F. Whalen James F. Whalen Title Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Senior Vice President Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Chairman of the Board of Directors Director Date March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 15, 2023 Exhibit 10.7 Option Agreement Number FORM OF CAPITAL BANCORP, INC. 2017 STOCK AND INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION AWARD AGREEMENT This INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT (“Agreement”) is made and entered into as of this ___ day of ______________, 2018 (the “Grant Date”), between Capital Bancorp, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“the Company”) and __________ (“Participant”). WHEREAS the Company desires to grant the Participant certain options to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock (“Shares”) pursuant to the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as approved by the stockholders on August 3, 2017, effective as of August 29, 2017 (the “Plan”) a copy of which has been furnished to the Participant and the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference. Unless otherwise indicated, whenever capitalized terms are used in this Agreement, they shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan. WHEREAS the parties enter into this Agreement to evidence the grant of such stock options and set forth the terms and conditions governing their exercise. NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree as follows: 1. Grant of Options. The Company grants to Participant an option (“the Stock Options”) to purchase an aggregate of ______ Shares. The Stock Options shall constitute “incentive stock options” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, to the extent that the Market Value of Common Stock with respect to which incentive stock options are exercisable for the first time by the Participant during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company) exceeds $100,000, such options shall be treated as Nonqualified Stock Options and (the Company shall designate which Options will be treated as Nonqualified Stock Options). If the Option granted hereunder fails to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option for any reason, then the Option, or portion thereof that does not so qualify, shall be treated as a Nonqualified Stock Option. 2. Option Price. The exercise price of the Stock Options is _____ dollars and _____ cents ($ ) per share (“the Option Price”). 3. Term. Subject to each and every one of the conditions and limitations set forth in the Plan, as approved by the stockholders, including but not limited to the termination of stock options in the event that the Participant ceases to be an employee of the Company or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Capital Bank N.A., the Stock Options that have vested may be exercised by the Participant, in whole or in part, at any time period commencing during the period beginning on the Grant Date and terminating on the fifth anniversary of the Grant Date (the “Expiration Date”). Any of the Stock Options that are outstanding and unexercised at the close of business on the Expiration Date shall automatically, and without further action by the Company or the Participant, be canceled or terminated. 4. Exercise. The Stock Options may be exercised, in whole or in part, by delivery of written notice to the Chairman of the Board of the Company or their designee by the Participant, indicating the number of the Stock Options that the Participant wishes to exercise. Such notice shall be accompanied by the payment of the Option Price for the total number of Shares being purchased by the Participant pursuant to the exercise of all or any portion of the Stock Options. The Option Price shall be paid in cash or by check (U.S. dollars). 5. Vesting. Subject to the forfeiture provisions set forth in Articles VI and XV of the Plan, and subject to any accelerated vesting permitted under Article X of the Plan, the Options granted under this Agreement vest as follows: First anniversary of the Grant Date Second anniversary of the Grant Date Third anniversary of the Grant Date Fourth anniversary of the Grant Date 25% 50% 75% 100% 6. Termination of Continuous Service a. For the purposes of the Plan, if the Participant is a party to an employment or service agreement with the Company and such agreement provides for a definition of the following terms, the following terms shall have the definition contained therein. If no such agreement exists or the it does not defined the below terms: i. ii. “Cause” shall mean (A) the commission of, or plea of guilty or no contest to, a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act involving willful malfeasance or material fiduciary breach with respect to the Company; (B) conduct that results in or is reasonably likely to result in harm to the reputation or business of the Company; (C) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or an Affiliate; or (D) material violation of state or federal securities laws. With respect to any Director, a determination by a majority of the disinterested Board members that the Director has engaged in any of the following: malfeasance in office; gross misconduct or neglect; false or fraudulent misrepresentation inducing the director’s appointment; willful conversion of corporate funds; or repeated failure to participate in Board meetings on a regular basis despite having received proper notice of the meetings in advance. The Committee, in its absolute discretion, shall determine the effect of all matters and questions relating to whether a Participant has been discharged for Cause. “Disability” shall mean that the Participant is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment; provided, however, for purposes of determining the term of an Incentive Stock Option pursuant to 3 hereof, the term Disability shall have the meaning ascribed to it under Section 22(e)(3) of the Code. Except in situations where the Committee is determining Disability for purposes of the term of an Incentive Stock Option pursuant to Section 6 hereof within the meaning of Section 22(e)(3) of the Code, the Committee may rely on any determination that a Participant is disabled for purposes of benefits under any long-term disability plan maintained by the Company in which a Participant participates. b. Termination for reasons other than Cause, death, Disability. If the Participant’s service with the Company, whether as an employee, consultant, or director (“Continuous Service”) is terminated for any reason other than Cause, death, or Disability, the Participant may exercise the vested portion of the Option, but only within such period of time ending on the earlier of (i) the date three months following the termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service or (ii) the Expiration Date. c. Termination for Cause. If the Participant’s Continuous Service is terminated for Cause, the Option (whether vested or unvested) shall immediately terminate and cease to be exercisable. d. Termination due to death or Disability. If the Participant’s Continuous Service terminates as a result of the Participant’s Disability, the Participant may exercise the vested portion of the Option, but only within such period of time ending on the earlier of: (i) the date 12 months following the Participant’s termination of Continuous Service or (ii) the Expiration Date. 7. Delivery of Certificate. As soon as practicable following the exercise of the Stock Options by the Participant, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Participant a certificate representing the Shares acquired pursuant to any such exercise. 8. Investment. The Participant hereby represents and warrants to the Company that any and all Shares which shall be acquired pursuant to the exercise of the Stock Options shall be acquired for the Participant’s own account, for investment, and not with a view toward resale. 9. Withholding of Taxes. The Company shall withhold from any amounts due and payable by the Company to the Participant (or secure payment from the Participant in lieu of withholding) the amount of any federal or state withholding or other taxes, if any, due from the Company with respect to the exercise of the Option, and the Company may defer such issuance until such withholding or payment is made unless otherwise indemnified to its satisfaction with respect thereto. The Company shall have the right to: (i) make deductions from any settlement of this Option, including the delivery of Shares, or require Shares or cash, or both, be withheld from any settlement of this Option, in each case in an amount sufficient to satisfy the withholding obligation; or (ii) take such other action as may be necessary or appropriate to satisfy the withholding obligation. 10. Adjustments. If at any time while the Option is outstanding, the number of outstanding Shares is changed by reason of a reorganization, recapitalization, stock split or any other event described in Section 4.4 of the Plan, the number and/or kind of Shares subject to the Option and/or the Option Price of such Shares shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of the Plan. 11. Non-assignability. The Stock Options granted may not be transferred, pledged, assigned, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of in any way by the Participant except by will or the laws of descent or distribution and are exercisable during the Participant’s lifetime only by the Participant. Any attempt to effect a transfer of this Option that is not otherwise permitted by the Board of Directors, the Plan, or this Agreement shall be null and void. During the period commencing on the date the Stock Options are exercised and terminating two (2) years thereafter, the Participant may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge or otherwise encumber the Shares purchased in settlement of the Stock Option. 12. No Rights as a Shareholder or to Continued Employment. a. No Rights as a Shareholder. The Participant shall not have any privileges of a shareholder of the Company with respect to any Shares subject to (but not acquired upon valid exercise of) the Option, nor shall the Company have any obligation to pay any dividends or otherwise afford any rights to which Shares are entitled with respect to such Shares, until the date of the issuance to the Participant of a stock certificate evidencing such Shares. a. No Right to Continued Employment. Nothing in this Agreement shall confer upon a Participant who is an employee of the Company any right to continue in the employ of the Company or to interfere in any way with the right of the Company to terminate the Participant’s employment at any time. 13. Disqualifying Disposition. If Shares acquired by exercise of the Option are disposed of within two years following the Grant Date or one year following the transfer of such Shares to the Participant upon exercise, the Participant shall, promptly following such disposition, notify the Company in writing of the date and terms of such disposition and provide such other information regarding the disposition as the Committee may reasonably require. 14. Notices. All notices, requests and demands to or upon a party hereto shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered by hand or three days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid or, in the case of facsimile notice, when received, addressed as follows or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing in accordance herewith, except that notices of change of address shall be effective only upon receipt. If to the Company, to the following address: Attn: Secretary Capital Bancorp, Inc. One Church Street Rockville, Maryland 20850 If to the Participant, to the address or facsimile number as shown on the signature page hereto. 15. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Maryland (without regard to choice of law provisions). 16. Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the Plan constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings and arrangements, both oral and written, between the parties hereto with respect to such subject matter. 17. Amendment. In accordance with Article III of the Plan, this Agreement may not be amended or modified in any way that adversely affects the Participant unless by a written instrument that specifically states that it is amending this Agreement, executed by each of the parties hereto. 18. Benefits; Binding Effect. This Agreement shall ensure to the benefit of and shall be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective heirs, representatives, successors and assigns. 19. Section Headings. The section headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not in any way affect the meaning or interpretation hereof. 20. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument. 21. Clawback. By accepting this Option, the Participant agrees to be bound by the clawback provisions as set forth in Section 15.3 of the Plan, as in effect or as may be adopted and/or modified from time to time by the Company in its discretion (including, without limitation, to comply with applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements). Signature page follows. IN WITNESS HEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the date first above written. Capital Bancorp, Inc. By: Edward Barry, CEO Attested by: PARTICIPANT By: [INSERT PARTICIPANT NAME] Address: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Phone Number: Facsimile: Exhibit 10.8 FORM OF CAPITAL BANCORP, INC. 2017 STOCK AND INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT This RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT (“Agreement”) is made and entered into as of this ___ day of ______________, 2018 (the “Grant Date”), between Capital Bancorp, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“the Company”) and __________ (“Participant”). WHEREAS the Company desires to grant the Participant certain Restricted Stock Units pursuant to the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as approved by the stockholders on August 3, 2017, effective as of August 29, 2017 (the “Plan”) a copy of which has been furnished to the Participant and the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference. Unless otherwise indicated, whenever capitalized terms are used in this Agreement, they shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan. WHEREAS the parties enter into this Agreement to evidence the grant of such Restricted Stock Units (also referred to as “RSUs”) and set forth the terms and conditions governing their exercise. NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree as follows: 1. Incorporation By Reference; Plan Document Receipt. This Agreement is subject in all respects to the terms and provisions of the Plan (including, without limitation, any amendments thereto adopted at any time and from time to time unless such amendments are expressly intended not to apply to the grant of the RSUs hereunder), all of which terms and provisions are made a part of and incorporated in this Agreement as if they were each expressly set forth herein, subject to applicable securities laws. In the event of any conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall control. 2. Grant of Restricted Stock Unit Award. The Company hereby grants to the Participant, as of the Grant Date specified above, the number of RSUs specified above. Except as otherwise provided by the Plan, the Participant agrees and understands that nothing contained in this Agreement provides, or is intended to provide, the Participant with any protection against potential future dilution of the Participant’s interest in the Company for any reason. The Participant shall not have the rights of a stockholder in respect of the Shares underlying this Award until such Shares, if any, are delivered to the Participant in accordance with Section 4. 3. Vesting. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 3 and subject to any accelerated vesting permitted under Article X of the Plan, RSUs subject to this grant shall vest as set forth below, provided that the Participant is then actively employed by the Company and/or one of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates on each such vesting date. All unvested RSUs that are held by a Participant shall immediately be forfeited upon the last day on which the Participant is actively employed, not including any period during which the Participant is in receipt of non-working notice, pay in lieu of notice, severance pay or any other monies in relation to the cessation of the Participant’s employment (the “Termination”). First anniversary of the Grant Date Second anniversary of the Grant Date Third anniversary of the Grant Date Fourth anniversary of the Grant Date 25% 50% 75% 100% 4. Settlement of RSUs. a. At the time of Grant, the Committee may permit the Participant to defer the settlement of the RSUs by offering such Participant a deferral election form. Unless the Participant timely and properly elects to defer the settlement of his or her RSUs and designates a deferred settlement date in compliance with Section 409A of the Code and such other rules and procedures as the Board deems advisable, the Company shall fully settle a Participant’s vested RSUs within thirty (30) days following the date any portion of the Award of RSUs become vested. If a Participant timely and properly elects to defer the settlement of his or her RSUs, the Company shall settle the RSUS within thirty (30) days of the earliest of: (i) the deferred settlement date designated by the Participant; (ii) the date of the Participant’s death; or (iii) the date of a Change in Control. b. On such settlement date, the Company shall deliver either (i) a certificate evidencing a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the same number of vested RSUs; (ii) cash equal to the Fair Market Value of one Share, as of the settlement date, for each vested RSU; or (iii) a combination of both. 5. Conditions. By acceptance of this RSU award, the Participant hereby releases any rights and/or claims the Participant may have associated with, or in any way related to, any equity awards granted by the Company or any of its Affiliates prior to the Effective Date of the Plan. 6. Non-transferability. All RSUs, and any rights or interests therein, (a) shall not be sold, exchanged, transferred, assigned or otherwise disposed of in any way at any time by the Participant (or any beneficiary(ies) of the Participant), other than by testamentary disposition by the Participant or by the laws of descent and distribution, (b) shall not be pledged or encumbered in any way at any time by the Participant (or any beneficiary(ies) of the Participant) and (c) shall not be subject to execution, attachment or similar legal process. Any attempt to sell, exchange, pledge, transfer, assign, encumber or otherwise dispose of this RSU, or the levy of any execution, attachment or similar legal process upon this RSU, contrary to the terms of this Agreement and/or the Plan, shall be null and void and without legal force or effect. For RSUs settled in Common Stock, during the period commencing on the date the RSUs become vested and terminating two (2) years thereafter, the Participant may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge or otherwise encumber such Common Stock. 7. Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Agreement, together with the Plan, contains the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter contained herein, and supersedes all prior agreements or prior understandings, whether written or oral, between the parties relating to such subject matter. The Committee shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to modify or amend this Agreement from time to time in accordance with and as provided in the Plan. This Agreement may also be modified or amended by a writing signed by both the Company and the Participant. 8. Acknowledgment of Employee. This award of RSUs does not entitle the Participant to any benefit other than that granted under this Agreement. Any benefits granted under this Agreement are not part of the Participant’s ordinary salary, and shall not be considered as part of such salary in the event of severance, redundancy or resignation. The Participant understands and accepts that the benefits granted under this Agreement are entirely at the discretion of the Company and that the Company retains the right to amend or terminate this Agreement and the Plan at any time, at its sole discretion and without notice. By signing this Agreement, the Participant agrees to execute, upon request, any further documents or instruments necessary or desirable in the sole determination of the Company to carry out the purposes or intent of the Award of Restricted Stock Units. The Participant acknowledges and agrees that he or she has reviewed this Agreement and the Plan in its entirety, had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing and accepting this Agreement, and fully understand all provisions of the Award. The Participant acknowledge that the Plan is intended to conform to the extent necessary with all provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any and all regulations and rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, including, without limitation, the applicable exemptive conditions of Rule 16b-3. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Plan shall be administered, and the Restricted Stock Units are granted and may be settled, only in such a manner as to conform to such laws, rules and regulations. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Plan and this Agreement shall be deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to such laws, rules and regulations. The Participant hereby acknowledges receipt or the right to receive a document providing the information required by Rule 428(b)(1) promulgated under the Securities Act, which includes the Plan prospectus. In addition, the Participant acknowledge receipt of the Company’s policy permitting officers and directors to sell shares only during certain “window” periods and the Company’s insider trading policy, in effect from time to time. The Participant further agrees not to sell any Shares acquired pursuant to this Award at a time when applicable laws, regulations or the Company’s or any applicable underwriter’s trading policies prohibit such sale. 9. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Maryland, without reference to the principles of conflict of laws thereof. 10. Withholding of Tax. The Company shall withhold from any amounts due and payable by the Company to the Participant (or secure payment from the Participant in lieu of withholding) the amount of any federal or state withholding or other taxes, if any, due from the Company with respect to the exercise of the Option, and the Company may defer such issuance until such withholding or payment is made unless otherwise indemnified to its satisfaction with respect thereto. The Company shall have the right to: (a) make deductions from any settlement of this Option, including the delivery of Shares, or require Shares or cash, or both, be withheld from any settlement of this Option, in each case in an amount sufficient to satisfy the withholding obligation; or (b) take such other action as may be necessary or appropriate to satisfy the withholding obligation. 11. No Right to Employment. Nothing in this Agreement shall interfere with or limit in any way the right of the Company to terminate the Participant’s employment or service at any time, for any reason and with or without Cause. Any questions as to whether and when there has been a termination of such employment and the cause of such termination shall be determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. 12. Notices. All notices, requests and demands to or upon a party hereto shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered by hand or three days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid or, in the case of facsimile notice, when received, addressed as follows or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing in accordance herewith, except that notices of change of address shall be effective only upon receipt. If to the Company, to the following address: Attn: Secretary Capital Bancorp, Inc. One Church Street Rockville, Maryland 20850 If to the Participant, to the address or facsimile number as shown on the signature page hereto. 1. Compliance with Laws. This issuance of RSUs (and the Shares underlying the RSUs) pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to, and shall comply with, any applicable requirements of any securities laws, rules and regulations (including, without limitation, the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the 1934 Act and in each case any respective rules and regulations promulgated thereunder) and any other law or regulation applicable thereto. The Company shall not be obligated to issue this RSU or any of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement if any such issuance would violate any such requirements. 2. Binding Agreement; Assignment. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, be binding upon, and be enforceable by the Company and its successors and assigns. The Participant shall not assign any part of this Agreement without the prior express written consent of the Company. 3. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument. 4. Headings. The titles and headings of the various sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed to be a part of this Agreement. 5. Further Assurances. Each party hereto shall do and perform (or shall cause to be done and performed) all such further acts and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents as either party hereto reasonably may request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the Plan and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereunder. 6. Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provisions of this Agreement in any jurisdiction shall not affect the validity, legality or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in such jurisdiction or the validity, legality or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction, it being intended that all rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. 7. Clawback. By accepting this Award, the Participant agrees to be bound by the clawback provisions as set forth in Section 15.3 of the Plan, as in effect or as may be adopted and/or modified from time to time by the Company in its discretion (including, without limitation, to comply with applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements). 20. Section 409A. This Agreement is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code (“Section 409A”), to the extent applicable, and shall be construed and administered such that your Award either (i) qualifies for an exemption from the requirements of Section 409A or (ii) satisfies the requirements of Section 409A. If an Award is subject to Section 409A, (i) distributions shall only be made in a manner and upon an event permitted under Section 409A, (ii) payments to be made upon a termination of employment shall only be made upon a “separation from service” under Section 409A, (iii) and in no event shall a Participant, directly or indirectly, designate the calendar year in which a distribution is made except in accordance with Section 409A. Any Award that is subject to Section 409A and that is to be distributed to a “specified employee,” as defined in Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) upon separation from service shall be administered so that any distribution with respect to such Award shall be postponed for six (6) months following the date of the Participant’s separation from service, if required by Section 409A. If a distribution is delayed pursuant to Section 409A, the distribution shall be paid within fifteen (15) days after the end of the six (6)-month period. If the Participant dies during such six (6)-month period, any postponed amounts shall be paid within ninety (90) days of the Participant's death. The determination of a specified employee, including the number and identity of persons considered specified employees and the identification date, shall be made by the Board or its delegate each year in accordance with Section 416(i) of the Code and the “specified employee” requirements of Section 409A. IN WITNESS HEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the date first above written. Capital Bancorp, Inc. By: Edward Barry, CEO Attested by: PARTICIPANT By: [INSERT PARTICIPANT NAME] Address: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Phone Number: Facsimile: Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan Table of Contents Article 1 Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Account................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Administrator .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Board ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Change-in-Control .................................................................................................................. 1 1.5 Code ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.6 Disability ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.7 Effective Date ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.8 Eligible Employee ................................................................................................................... 1 1.9 Employee ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.10 Employer ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.11 Employer Supplemental Contribution ..................................................................................... 2 1.12 ERISA ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.13 Investment Rate ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.14 Participant .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.15 Plan Year ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.16 Retirement .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.17 Separation from Service ......................................................................................................... 2 1.18 Service Recipient ................................................................................................................... 2 1.19 Specified Employee ................................................................................................................ 3 1.20 Years of Service ...................................................................................................................... 3 Article 2 Participation ............................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Commencement of Participation ............................................................................................ 3 2.2 Loss of Eligible Employee Status ........................................................................................... 3 Article 3 Contributions .......................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Employer Supplemental Contribution ..................................................................................... 3 3.2 Crediting of Contributions ....................................................................................................... 3 Article 4 Vesting.................................................................................................................................... 3 4.1 Vesting of Employer Supplemental Contributions .................................................................. 3 4.2 Vesting due to Certain Events ................................................................................................ 3 4.3 Amounts Not Vested .............................................................................................................. 3 Article 5 Accounts ................................................................................................................................. 4 5.1 Accounts ................................................................................................................................. 4 5.2 Investments, Gains and Losses ............................................................................................. 4 Article 6 Distributions ............................................................................................................................ 4 6.1 Distributions ............................................................................................................................ 4 6.2 Distributions upon a Separation ............................................................................................. 4 6.3 Acceleration or Delay in Payments ........................................................................................ 4 6.4 Distributions to Specified Employee ....................................................................................... 4 6.5 Form of Payment .................................................................................................................... 5 Article 7 Beneficiaries ........................................................................................................................... 5 7.1 Beneficiaries ........................................................................................................................... 5 7.2 Lost Beneficiary ...................................................................................................................... 5 Article 8 Funding................................................................................................................................... 5 8.1 Prohibition against Funding .................................................................................................... 5 Article 9 Claims Administration ............................................................................................................. 5 Article 10 General Provisions ................................................................................................................. 6 10.1 Administrator .......................................................................................................................... 6 10.2 No Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 6 10.3 No Employment Rights ........................................................................................................... 6 10.4 Incompetence ......................................................................................................................... 6 10.5 Identity .................................................................................................................................... 6 10.6 Other Benefits ........................................................................................................................ 7 10.7 Expenses ................................................................................................................................ 7 10.8 Insolvency .............................................................................................................................. 7 10.9 Amendment or Modification ................................................................................................... 7 10.10 Plan Suspension .................................................................................................................... 7 10.11 Plan Termination .................................................................................................................... 7 10.12 Plan Termination due to a Change-in-Control ....................................................................... 7 10.13 Construction ........................................................................................................................... 8 10.14 Governing Law ....................................................................................................................... 8 10.15 Severability ............................................................................................................................. 8 10.16 Headings ................................................................................................................................ 8 10.17 Terms ..................................................................................................................................... 8 10.18 Code Section 409A Fail Safe Provision ................................................................................. 8 10.19 No Guarantee of Tax Consequences ..................................................................................... 8 10.20 Limitation on Actions. ............................................................................................................. 8 10.21 Right of Setoff ......................................................................................................................... 8 Beneficiary Form……………………………………………………………………………………………….10 1 Capital Bank, NA Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan Capital Bank, NA hereby adopts this Capital Bank, NA Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) for the benefit of a select group of management or highly compensated employees. This Plan is an unfunded arrangement and is intended to be exempt from the participation, vesting, funding, and fiduciary requirements set forth in Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. It is intended to comply with Internal Revenue Code Section 409A. Article 1 Definitions 1.1 Account The sum of all the bookkeeping sub-accounts as may be established for each Participant as provided in Section 5.1 hereof. 1.2 Administrator The Employer or individuals or an administrative committee appointed by the Employer shall serve as the Administrator of the Plan. 1.3 Board The Board of Directors of the Employer. 1.4 Change-in-Control Provided that such term shall be interpreted within the meaning of regulations promulgated under Code Section 409A, a “Change-in-Control” of the Employer (which, for purpose of this Section 1.4 shall mean Capital Bank, NA but not any of its affiliates or subsidiaries) shall mean the first to occur of any of the following: (a) the date that any one person or persons acting as a group acquires ownership of Employer stock constituting more than fifty percent (50%) of the total fair market value or total voting power of the Employer; or (b) the date that a majority of members of the Employer’s Board is replaced during any 12- month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or elections. 1.5 Code The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 1.6 Disability Provided that such term shall be interpreted within the meaning of regulations promulgated under Code Section 409A, a Participant shall be considered to have incurred a Disability if: (i) the Participant is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months; (ii) the Participant is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than 3 months under an accident and health plan covering employees of the Participant’s Employer; or (iii) determined to be totally disabled by the Social Security Administration. 1.7 Effective Date January 1, 2021. 1.8 Eligible Employee An Employee shall be considered an Eligible Employee if such Employee is a member of a “select group of management or highly compensated employees,” within the meaning of Sections 201, 301 and 401 of ERISA, and is designated as an Eligible Employee by the Administrator. The Administrator may at 2 any time, in its sole discretion, change the eligible criteria for an Eligible Employee or determine that one or more Participants will cease to be an Eligible Employee. The designation of an Employee as an Eligible Employee in any year shall not confer upon such Employee any right to be designated as an Eligible Employee in any future Plan Year. 1.9 Employee Any person employed by the Employer. 1.10 Employer Capital Bank, NA and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 1.11 Employer Supplemental Contribution A contribution made by the Employer that is credited to one or more Participant’s Accounts in accordance with the terms of Section 3.1 hereof. 1.12 ERISA The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. 1.13 Investment Rate Each Participant’s Account shall bear interest from the annual deemed contribution date of December 31 each year (regardless of when the amount of the Employer Supplemental Contribution is determined by Employer) based on the rate of the ten (10) year treasury rate as of December 31 for each following year 1.14 Participant An Eligible Employee who is a Participant as provided in Article 2. 1.15 Plan Year For the initial Plan Year, Effective Date through December 31, 2021. For each year thereafter, January 1 through December 31. 1.16 Retirement Retirement shall mean a Participant’s Separation from Service on the later of (i) termination of employment or (ii) the applicable Participant attaining sixty-seven (67) years of age. 1.17 Separation from Service Provided that such term shall be interpreted within the meaning of regulations promulgated under Code Section 409A, a Participant shall incur a Separation from Service upon death, Retirement, disability or other termination of employment unless the employment relationship is treated as continuing intact while the individual is on military leave, sick leave, or other bona fide leave of absence if the period of such leave does not exceed six months or if longer, so long as the individual retains a right to reemployment with the Service Recipient under an applicable statute or by contract. Upon a sale or other disposition of the assets of the Employer to an unrelated purchaser, the Administrator reserves the right, to the extent permitted by Code section 409A to determine whether Participants providing services to the purchaser after and in connection with the purchase transaction have experienced a Separation from Service. 1.18 Service Recipient Provided that such term shall be interpreted within the meaning of regulations promulgated under Code Section 409A, Service Recipient shall mean the Employer or person for whom the services are performed and with respect to whom the legally binding right to compensation arises, and all persons with whom such person would be considered a single employer under Code Section 414(b) (employees of controlled group of corporations), and all persons with whom such person would be considered a single employer under Code Section 414(c) (employees of partnerships, proprietorships, etc., under common control). 3 1.19 Specified Employee Provided that such term shall be interpreted within the meaning of regulations promulgated under Code Section 409A, a “Specified Employee” shall mean a participant who is considered a key employee on the Identification Date, as defined in Code Section 416(i) without regard to section 416(i)(5) and such other requirements imposed under Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) and regulations thereunder for the period beginning April 1 of the year subsequent to the Identification Date and ending March 31 of the following year. The Identification Date for this Plan is December 31 of each year. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, a Participant is not a Specified Employee unless any stock of the Service Recipient is publicly traded on an established securities market or otherwise. 1.20 Years of Service A Participant’s “Years of Service” shall be measured starting from the later of the Effective Date or the Participant’s hire date until the participant’s termination of employment. Only full twelve (12) month periods shall count as a Year of Service. Article 2 Participation 2.1 Commencement of Participation Each Eligible Employee shall become a Participant at the earlier of the date on which his or her Employer Supplemental Contribution is first credited to his or her Account. 2.2 Loss of Eligible Employee Status Amounts credited to the Account of a Participant who is no longer an Eligible Employee shall continue to be held pursuant to the terms of the Plan and shall be distributed as provided in Article 6. Article 3 Contributions 3.1 Employer Supplemental Contribution The Employer shall make an Employer Supplemental Contribution(s) to the Account of some or all the Participants. The amount of the Employer Supplemental Contribution(s) shall be determined by the Employer annually, communicated to the Participant and credited to such Participant’s Account. 3.2 Crediting of Contributions Employer Supplemental Contribution(s) shall be credited to a Participant’s Account following the close of each Plan Year but no later than the filing of the Employer’s quarterly financial reports. Article 4 Vesting 4.1 Vesting of Employer Supplemental Contributions A Participant shall have a vested right to the portion of his or her Account attributable to Employer Supplemental Contribution(s) and any earnings or losses on the investment of such Employer Supplemental Contribution(s) according to the following vesting schedule: one hundred percent (100%) vesting following completion of either (i) ten (10) Years of Service by the applicable Participant or (ii) ten (10) years of continuous fulltime employment with the Employer by the applicable Participant and Retirement. 4.2 Vesting due to Certain Events Upon a Change-in-Control, all Participants shall be fully vested in the amounts credited to their Accounts as of the date of the Change-in-Control. 4.3 Amounts Not Vested Any amounts credited to a Participant’s Account that are not vested at the time of a distribution event shall be forfeited. 4 Article 5 Accounts 5.1 Accounts The Administrator shall establish and maintain a bookkeeping account in the name of each Participant. A Participant may have one or more Account. Each Participant’s Account shall be credited with the applicable Employer Supplemental Contribution(s) and the Participant’s allocable share of any earnings or losses on the foregoing. Each Participant’s Account shall be reduced by any distributions made plus any federal and state tax withholding, and any social security withholding tax as may be required by law. 5.2 Investments, Gains and Losses The Administrator shall adjust the amounts credited to each Participant’s Account to reflect Employer Supplemental Contributions, the Investment Rate, distributions and any other appropriate adjustments. Such adjustments shall be made as frequently as is administratively feasible but the Investment rate shall be credited annually. Participants’ Accounts shall merely be bookkeeping entries on the Employer’s books, and no Participant shall obtain any property right or interest in any Plan related investment. Article 6 Distributions 6.1 Distributions Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein provided, no acceleration of the time or schedule of payments under the Plan shall occur except as permitted under both this Plan and Code Section 409A. 6.2 Distributions upon a Separation If the Participant has a Separation from Service, all vested amounts of the Participant’s Account as of the date of such separation shall be distributed in ten equal (10) annual installments starting as soon as administratively feasible but no later than ninety (90) days following the Participant’s Separation from Service, subject to Section 6.4 (Distributions to Specified Employees). 6.3 Acceleration or Delay in Payments To the extent permitted by Code Section 409A, and notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may elect to (i) accelerate the time or form of payment of any vested amounts of a benefit owed to a Participant hereunder in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-3(j)(4), or (ii) delay the time of payment of a benefit owed to a Participant hereunder in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-2(b)(7). By way of example, and at the sole discretion of the Administrator, if a Participant’s entire Account balance is less than the applicable Code Section 402(g) annual limit, the Employer may distribute the Participant’s Account in a lump sum provided that the distribution results in the termination of the participant’s entire interest in the Plan, subject to the plan aggregation rules of Code Section 409A and regulations thereunder. By way of example, the Administrator may permit such acceleration of the time or schedule of a payment under the arrangement to an individual other than a Participant as may be necessary to fulfill a domestic relations order (as defined in Code Section 414(p)(1)(B)). 6.4 Distributions to Specified Employee Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if any Participant is a Specified Employee upon a Separation from Service for any reason other than death, distributions of all vested amounts to such Participant shall commence no earlier than six (6) months following Separation from Service (or, if earlier, the date of death of the Participant) and no later than eight (8) months following Separation from Service. 5 6.5 Form of Payment All distributions shall be made in the form of cash. Article 7 Beneficiaries 7.1 Beneficiaries Each Participant may from time to time designate one or more persons (who may be any one or more members of such person’s family or other persons, administrators, trusts, foundations, or other entities) as his or her beneficiary under the Plan. Such designation shall be made in a form prescribed by the Administrator. Each Participant may at any time and from time to time, change any previous beneficiary designation, without notice to or consent of any previously designated beneficiary, by amending his or her previous designation in a form prescribed by the Administrator. If the beneficiary does not survive the Participant (or is otherwise unavailable to receive payment), or if no beneficiary is validly designated then the amounts payable under this Plan shall be paid to the Participant’s estate. If more than one person is the beneficiary of a deceased Participant, each such person shall receive a pro rata share of any death benefit payable unless otherwise designated in the applicable form. If a beneficiary who is receiving benefits dies, all benefits that were payable to such beneficiary shall then be payable to the estate of that beneficiary. 7.2 Lost Beneficiary All Participants and beneficiaries shall have the obligation to keep the Administrator informed of their current address until such time as all benefits due have been paid. If a Participant or beneficiary cannot be located by the Administrator exercising due diligence, then, in its sole discretion, the Administrator may presume that the Participant or beneficiary is deceased for purposes of the Plan and all unpaid amounts (net of due diligence expenses) owed to the Participant or beneficiary shall be paid accordingly or, if a beneficiary cannot be so located, then such amounts may be forfeited. Any such presumption of death shall be final, conclusive, and binding on all parties. Article 8 Funding 8.1 Prohibition against Funding Should any investment be acquired in connection with the liabilities assumed under this Plan, it is expressly understood and agreed that the Participants and beneficiaries shall not have any right with respect to, or claim against, such assets nor shall any such purchase be construed to create a trust of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between the Employer and the Participants, their beneficiaries or any other person. Any such assets shall be and remain a part of the general, unpledged, unrestricted assets of the Employer, subject to the claims of its general creditors. It is the express intention of the parties hereto that this arrangement shall be unfunded for tax purposes and for purposes of Title I of the ERISA. Each Participant and beneficiary shall be required to look to the provisions of this Plan and to the Employer itself for enforcement of any and all benefits due under this Plan, and to the extent any such person acquires a right to receive payment under this Plan, such right shall be no greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Employer. The Employer shall be designated the owner and beneficiary of any investment acquired in connection with its obligation under this Plan. Article 9 Claims Administration If the Participant, Beneficiary or his or her representative is denied all or a portion of an expected benefit for any reason and the Participant, Beneficiary or his or her representative desires to dispute the decision of the Administrator, he or she must file a written notification of his or her claim with the Administrator. The Plan, being established as a “top-hat plan” within the meaning of DOL Reg. §2520.104- 23, requires all claims for benefits hereunder be made pursuant to those claims procedure requirements under DOL Reg. §2560.503-1, as amended from time to time. Participant, Beneficiary or his or her representative may file with the Administrator a written claim for benefits, if the Participant, beneficiary or his or her representative disputes the Administrator’s determination regarding a benefit. The Administrator under this Article 9 will provide a separate written document to Participant, Beneficiary or his or her representative explaining the Plan’s claims procedures and which by this reference is incorporated into the Plan. Such documentation shall be written in manner that is in a culturally and linguistically appropriate 6 manner to the party receiving the documentation. Article 10 General Provisions 10.1 Administrator (a) The Administrator is expressly empowered to interpret the Plan, and to determine all questions arising in the administration, interpretation and application of the Plan; to employ actuaries, accountants, counsel, and other persons it deems necessary in connection with the administration of the Plan; to request any information from the Employer it deems necessary to determine whether the Employer would be considered insolvent or subject to a proceeding in bankruptcy; and to take all other necessary and proper actions to fulfill its duties as Administrator. (b) The Administrator shall not be liable for any actions by it hereunder, unless due to its own negligence, willful misconduct, or lack of good faith. (c) The Administrator shall be indemnified and saved harmless by the Employer from and against all personal liability to which it may be subject by reason of any act done or omitted to be done in its official capacity as Administrator in good faith in the administration of the Plan, including all expenses reasonably incurred in its defense in the event the Employer fails to provide such defense upon the request of the Administrator. The Administrator is relieved of all responsibility in connection with its duties hereunder to the fullest extent permitted by law, short of breach of duty to the beneficiaries. 10.2 No Assignment Benefits or payments under this Plan shall not be subject in any manner to anticipation, alienation, sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, encumbrance, attachment, or garnishment by creditors of the Participant or the Participant’s beneficiary, whether voluntary or involuntary, and any attempt to so anticipate, alienate, sell, transfer, assign, pledge, encumber, attach or garnish the same shall not be valid, nor shall any such benefit or payment be in any way liable for or subject to the debts, contracts, liabilities, engagement or torts of any Participant or beneficiary, or any other person entitled to such benefit or payment pursuant to the terms of this Plan, except to such extent as may be required by law. If any Participant or beneficiary or any other person entitled to a benefit or payment pursuant to the terms of this Plan becomes bankrupt or attempts to anticipate, alienate, sell, transfer, assign, pledge, encumber, attach or garnish any benefit or payment under this Plan, in whole or in part, or if any attempt is made to subject any such benefit or payment, in whole or in part, to the debts, contracts, liabilities, engagements or torts of the Participant or beneficiary or any other person entitled to any such benefit or payment pursuant to the terms of this Plan, then such benefit or payment, in the discretion of the Administrator, shall cease and terminate with respect to such Participant or beneficiary, or any other such person. 10.3 No Employment Rights Participation in this Plan shall not be construed to confer upon any Participant the legal right to be retained in the employ of the Employer, or give a Participant or beneficiary, or any other person, any right to any payment whatsoever, except to the extent of the benefits provided for hereunder. Each Participant shall remain subject to discharge to the same extent as if this Plan had never been adopted. 10.4 Incompetence If the Administrator determines that any person to whom a benefit is payable under this Plan is incompetent by reason of physical or mental disability, the Administrator shall have the power to cause the payments becoming due to such person to be made to another for his or her benefit without responsibility of the Administrator or the Employer to see to the application of such payments. Any payment made pursuant to such power shall, as to such payment, operate as a complete discharge of the Employer and the Administrator. 10.5 Identity If, at any time, any doubt exists as to the identity of any person entitled to any payment hereunder or the amount or time of such payment, the Administrator shall be entitled to hold such sum until such 7 identity or amount, or time is determined or until an order of a court of competent jurisdiction is obtained. The Administrator shall also be entitled to pay such sum into court in accordance with the appropriate rules of law. Any expenses incurred by the Employer and Administrator incident to such proceeding or litigation shall be charged against the Account of the affected Participant. 10.6 Other Benefits The benefits of each Participant or beneficiary hereunder shall be in addition to any benefits paid or payable to or on account of the Participant or beneficiary under any other pension, disability, annuity or retirement plan or policy whatsoever. 10.7 Expenses All expenses incurred in the administration of the Plan, whether incurred by the Employer or the Plan, shall be paid by the Employer. 10.8 Insolvency Should the Employer be considered insolvent, the Employer, through its Board and chief executive officer, shall give immediate written notice of such to the Administrator of the Plan. Upon receipt of such notice, the Administrator shall cease to make any payments to Participants who were Employees of the Employer or their beneficiaries and shall hold any and all assets attributable to the Employer for the benefit of the general creditors of the Employer. 10.9 Amendment or Modification The Employer may, at any time, in its sole discretion, amend or modify the Plan in whole or in part, except that no such amendment or modification shall have any retroactive effect to reduce any amounts allocated to a Participant’s Accounts, and provided that such amendment or modification complies with Code Section 409A and related regulations thereunder. 10.10 Plan Suspension The Employer further reserves the right to suspend the Plan in whole or in part, except that no such suspension shall have any retroactive effect to reduce any amounts allocated to a Participant’s Accounts, and provided that the distribution of the vested Participant Accounts shall not be accelerated but shall be paid at such time and in such manner as determined under the terms of the Plan immediately prior to suspension as if the Plan had not been suspended. 10.11 Plan Termination The Employer further reserves the right to terminate the Plan in whole or in part, in the following manner, except that no such termination shall have any retroactive effect to reduce any amounts allocated to a Participant’s Accounts, and provided that such termination complies with Code Section 409A and related regulations thereunder: (a) The Employer, in its sole discretion, may terminate the Plan and distribute all vested Participants’ Accounts no earlier than twelve (12) calendar months from the date of the Plan termination and no later than twenty-four (24) calendar months from the date of the Plan termination, provided however that all other similar arrangements are also terminated by the Employer for any affected Participant and no other similar arrangements are adopted by the Employer for any affected Participant within a three (3) year period from the date of termination; or (b) The Employer may decide, in its sole discretion, to terminate the Plan in the event of a corporate dissolution taxed under Code Section 331, or with the approval of a bankruptcy court, provided that the Participants vested Account balances are distributed to Participants and are included in the Participants’ gross income in the latest of: (i) the calendar year in which the termination occurs; (ii) the calendar year in which the amounts deferred are no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture; or (iii) the first calendar year in which payment is administratively practicable. 10.12 Plan Termination due to a Change-in-Control The Employer may decide, in its discretion, to terminate the Plan in the event of a Change-in- Control and distribute all vested Participants Account balances no earlier than thirty (30) days prior to the 8 Change-in-Control and no later than twelve (12) months after the effective date of the Change-in-Control, provided however that the Employer terminates all other similar arrangements for any affected Participant. 10.13 Construction All questions of interpretation, construction or application arising under or concerning the terms of this Plan shall be decided by the Administrator, in its sole and final discretion, whose decision shall be final, binding and conclusive upon all persons. 10.14 Governing Law This Plan shall be governed by, construed, and administered in accordance with the applicable provisions of ERISA, Code Section 409A, and any other applicable federal law, provided, however, that to the extent not preempted by federal law this Plan shall be governed by, construed and administered under the laws of the State of Maryland other than its laws respecting choice of law. 10.15 Severability If any provision of this Plan is held invalid or unenforceable, its invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Plan and this Plan shall be construed and enforced as if such provision had not been included therein. If the inclusion of any Employee (or Employees) as a Participant under this Plan would cause the Plan to fail to comply with the requirements of sections 201(2), 301(a)(3) and 401(a)(1) of ERISA, then the Plan shall be severed with respect to such Employee or Employees, who shall be considered to be participating in a separate arrangement. 10.16 Headings The Article headings contained herein are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference and in no way define, limit, enlarge or describe the scope or intent of this Plan nor in any way shall they affect this Plan or the construction of any provision thereof. 10.17 Terms Capitalized terms shall have meanings as defined herein. Singular nouns shall be read as plural, masculine pronouns shall be read as feminine, and vice versa, as appropriate. 10.18 Code Section 409A Fail Safe Provision If any provision of this Plan violates Code Section 409A, the regulations promulgated thereunder, regulatory interpretations, announcements or mandatory judicial precedent construing Code Section 409A (collectively “Applicable Law”), then such provision shall be void and have no effect. At all times, this Plan shall be interpreted in such manner that it complies with Applicable Law. 10.19 No Guarantee of Tax Consequences While the Plan is intended to provide tax deferral for Participants, the Plan is not a guarantee that the intended tax deferral will be achieved. Participants are solely responsible and liable for the satisfaction of all taxes and penalties that may arise in connection with this Plan (including any taxes arising under Section 409A of the Code). Neither the Employer nor any of its directors, officers or employees shall have any obligation to indemnify or otherwise hold any Participant harmless from any such taxes. 10.20 Limitation on Actions. Any Participant or Beneficiary who disagrees with a denial of his appealed claim under Article 9 of this Plan must file any complaint in a federal District Court to dispute such determination (a) within three (3) years of the earlier of the date on which such claim for benefits first accrued or arose under the terms of the Plan, or (b) within one (1) year after the such claim was denied upon appeal, or deemed denied under Article 9 hereof. 10.21 Right of Setoff The Employer may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, deduct from and setoff against any amounts payable to a Participant from this Plan such amounts as may be owed by a Participant to the Employer, although the Participant shall remain liable for any part of the Participant’s payment obligation not satisfied through such deduction and setoff; provided, however, that this setoff may occur only at the 9 date on which the amount would otherwise be distributed to the Participant as required by Code Section 409A. By electing to participate in the Plan and deferring compensation hereunder, the Participant agrees to any deduction or setoff under this Section 10.21, which is allowed by law. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Capital Bank, NA has caused this instrument to be executed by its duly authorized officer, effective as of this 1st day of January, 2022. Capital Bank, NA By: Title: Signature page to Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan Chief Executive Officer 10 NONQUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN BENEFICIARY FORM Participant’s Name (please print) Social Security Number Email Address Beneficiary Designation. In the event of my death, I hereby designate the following as my beneficiary or beneficiaries of any rights and interests I may have under Capital Bank’s Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan. This beneficiary election supersedes all previous beneficiary designations. Instructions. If only one primary and one secondary beneficiary, please indicate percentage of account as 100%. If more than one primary or secondary beneficiary is to be included, please indicate the appropriate percentage for each named beneficiary. Note: If you do not make an election or no beneficiary election is on file, benefits will be paid to your estate upon your death. Primary Beneficiary or Beneficiaries: % of Account Name and Address Relationship Secondary Beneficiary or Beneficiaries: % of Account Name and Address Relationship ___ Participant’s Signature Date  Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (No. 333-228524) on Form S-8 of Capital Bancorp, Inc. of our report dated March 15, 2023 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Capital Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. /s/ Elliott Davis, PLLC Raleigh, North Carolina March 15, 2023 Section 2: EX-31.1 (RULE 13A-14(A) CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER) Exhibit 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer. Exhibit 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer. I, Ed Barry, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-K of Capital Bancorp, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 15, 2023 By: /s/ Ed Barry Ed Barry Chief Executive Officer Section 2: EX-31.2 (RULE 13A-14(A) CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER) Exhibit 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer. Exhibit 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer. I, Connie Egan, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-K of Capital Bancorp, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 15, 2023 By: /s/ Connie Egan Connie Egan Principal Financial Officer Section 2: EX-32 (Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) Exhibit 32 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. In connection with the Quarterly Report of Capital Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the undersigned’s best knowledge and belief: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company. Date: March 15, 2023 By: /s/ Ed Barry Ed Barry Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Connie Egan Connie Egan Principal Financial Officer 

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