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Central Securities Corp.

cet · AMEX Financial Services
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FY2015 Annual Report · Central Securities Corp.
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FIVE YEAR FINANCIAL HISTORY 
Dollars in 000’s except per share amounts 

(1)  Refer to MD&A: see “NON-GAAP MEASUREMENTS” 

(2)  Quarterly dividend was suspended in November 2015 

(3)  Property and equipment additions exclude non-cash additions 

Table of contents 

2  Report to Shareholders 

4  Management's Discussion and Analysis 

20  Management's Report 

21 

Independent Auditors' Report 

22  Consolidated Financial Statements 

26  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements       

46  Officers and Directors 

Annual General Meeting: 

Shareholders are invited to attend the Annual General Meeting which will be held at 2:00 pm on May 12, 2016 at our Head Office 6030 – 3 Street SE, 
Calgary, Alberta. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 1 

20152014201320122011Revenues136,079$      275,435$      224,685$      203,194$      220,363$      Adjusted gross margin % (1)17.4%21.6%23.1%28.2%32.5%EBITDAS (1)7,393$          38,487$        32,815$        40,824$        56,085$        Diluted per share0.20$            1.06$            0.91$            1.08$            1.47$            As % of revenue5%14%15%20%25%Funds from continuing operations (1)4,410$          32,114$        25,359$        33,270$        50,011$        (Write-down of) recovery on investment in associate and related assets-$              177$             (13,070)$       -$              -$              Write-down of goodwill(5,848)$         -$              -$              -$              -$              Write-down of property and equipment(3,189)$         -$              -$              -$              -$              Write-down of inventory(3,736)$         -$              -$              -$              -$              Write-down of deferred taxes related to CRA settlement(10,346)$       -$              -$              -$              -$              Earnings (loss) before income taxes(32,087)$       14,970$        1,114$          20,381$        37,102$        Basic per share(0.88)$           0.41$            0.03$            0.55$            1.00$            Diluted per share(0.88)$           0.41$            0.03$            0.54$            0.98$            Net earnings (loss)(35,342)$       10,283$        (1,542)$         14,797$        27,634$        Basic per share(0.97)$           0.28$            (0.04)$           0.40$            0.75$            Diluted per share(0.97)$           0.28$            (0.04)$           0.39$            0.73$            Cash dividends declared per share (2)0.1200$        0.3300$        0.3075$        0.3000$        0.2400$        Property and equipment additions (3)6,908$          30,763$        28,283$        30,650$        44,413$        Weighted average shares outstandingBasic (000s)36,295          36,244          36,171          37,376          37,062          Diluted (000s)36,295          36,255          36,241          37,756          38,047          Working capital13,550$        38,135$        26,031$        29,173$        40,052$        Total assets155,610$      230,534$      205,375$      224,080$      231,923$      Loans and borrowings excluding current portion30,477$        56,142$        38,462$        46,151$        50,694$        Shareholders' equity96,607$        128,368$      126,612$      137,932$      136,107$       
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS 

2015 was a very challenging year for the oil and gas industry and for Cathedral.  Our year-over-year revenues declined 51% as a result of softening 
oil prices throughout the year and weak natural gas prices.  To put this in perspective, our business is largely tied to the  North American rig count 
which declined 47% in the U.S. and 50% in Canada from 2014 to 2015.  The reduction in oil prices has been a result of the Saudi Arabian strategy to 
force  high  cost  production  out  of the market,  the  removal  of  sanctions  against Iran,  economic  growth  concerns  in  China  and  worldwide  and  U.S. 
production and oil storage levels not decreasing materially despite lower drilling activity.   

Our strategy to deal with the downturn, which we initiated in early 2015, was threefold: 

1.  Adjust our cost structure and financial obligations to reflect the decline in activity levels and protect our balance sheet; 

2.  Preserve our key employee base so when industry conditions improve we are able to ramp up quickly; and 

3.  Continue to pursue operational improvements and execute on our strategic objectives to position Cathedral to be a stronger company in the 

future. 

Cost Structure and Financial Obligations 

In early 2015 we began reducing our cost structure through implementing wage rollbacks, workforce reductions, examining all expense categories and 
asking suppliers for pricing concessions.  Salary and wage rollbacks were implemented at all levels in the Company starting in February 2015.  Our 
full time employee count was reduced 50% from 716 employees in December 2014 to 356 at the end of December 2015.  We also reduced the use 
of field sub-contractors which has traditionally been a significant component of our workforce.  In general we have been rightsizing our workforce to 
match activity levels as they change rather than conduct mass layoffs.  Through these initiatives we achieved our goal of reducing SG&A direct costs 
20% in 2015 from 2014 levels (excluding a $233 thousand bad debt charge arising from a 2013 receivable).  

Our 2015 capital expenditure (“CapEx”) program was initially targeted at $7.0 million at the beginning of 2015 and further increased to $7.2 million.  
We  actually  spent  $6.9  million.    These  funds  were  deployed  to  increase  the  capacity  of  our  nDURANCE®  motor  fleet,    upgrade  our  FUSION™ 
Measurement-While-Drilling (“MWD”) technology platform to meet current customer requirements, and add equipment to our Flowback and Production 
Testing fleet to offset third-party rentals.  A portion of the 2015 CapEx, including the equipment additions Flowback and Production testing, was tied 
to spending commitments made in 2014, otherwise the amount spent would have been lower.  Funds from sale and leaseback of our Oklahoma facility 
in March 2015 and proceeds from lost-in-hole equipment generated funds of $11.1 million in 2015 – an excess of $4.2 million over what was spent on 
capital additions. 

To further protect our balance sheet we had to make the hard decision to suspend our quarterly dividend starting in 2015 Q4.  The dividend suspension 
followed an earlier reduction in the quarterly dividend by 52% in 2015 Q1.  We anticipate reinstating dividend payments when industry conditions and 
operating cash flow improves to a level that can sustain a quarterly dividend. 

In 2015, we entered into discussions with our lending syndicate to amend our lending facility to accommodate deteriorating industry activity levels.  
We successfully negotiated a second amendment to our lending agreement, announced in January 2016, which provided less restrictive financial 
covenants for fiscal 2016 and 2017.  The willingness of the banking syndicate to work with us through this downturn demonstrates the commitment 
they have with Cathedral and is also reflective of the steps we have taken to manage the business through this challenging period.   

Since the beginning of the year we reduced our bank debt from $56.1 million at December 31, 2014 to $32.5 million at December 31, 2015.  Our 
working capital position at December 31, 2015 was $13.5 million.  This working capital amount includes certain current liabilities that are related to the 
wind-up  of  Cathedral’s  previous  Venezuelan  operations.    In  late  February  2016,  we  successfully  negotiated  the  sale  of  our  Barbados  subsidiary, 
Directional  Plus  International  Ltd  (“DPI”),  which  held  our  investment  in  Venezuela.    This  sale  completes  our  exit  from  carrying  on  a  business  in 
Venezuela.  Net proceeds from this sale are nominal; however, there will be a non-cash gain on sale of DPI of approximately $10.5 million. This gain 
arises from Cathedral recording a write-down of its Venezuela investment in the amount of $12.9 million in 2013/2014.  Cathedral’s working capital 
will increase by approximately $12 million due to previously recorded liabilities being assumed by the purchaser of DPI.     

Despite the industry challenges we have had few issues with collecting accounts receivables to date.  Accounts receivable is an area we continue to 
manage and monitor closely. 

Preserving our Key Employee Base 

A key consideration  related  to  how  we  are  managing  through this downturn  is  how  we  properly  position  Cathedral  to  react  quickly  when  industry 
conditions rebound.  A key concern of energy companies has been how quickly the oilfield service sector can react to support the industry in a better 
pricing environment.  We recognize that our employees are instrumental in achieving this objective and we are very conscious of the need to retain 
our core team.  The fact that our core team is intact was facilitated in part by favoring salary and wage rollbacks over layoffs.  A first wage rollback 
was implemented in February 2015 and second came into effect in January 2016.  Wage and employee benefit rollbacks for 2015 and 2016 have 
ranged from 17% to 28% for staff and management and up to 50% for field positions. 

We sincerely thank our staff for their support through this challenging time. 

Pursuing Operational Improvements and Strategic Objectives 

With customers acutely focused on cost reduction and performance, our capabilities play well into this environment. As a service provider, we are in 
a unique position from a cost impact perspective as our ability to reduce drilling days in our Directional Drilling business and provide on-site efficiencies 
in our Flowback and Production Testing business can result in significant cost savings for our customers.  We accomplished a number of records for 
drilling performance with customers in both Canada and the U.S. in 2015 which demonstrates our customer value proposition. 

Throughout the year, we continued to experience severe pricing pressure on our services commensurate with oil price declines affecting customer 
capital  budgets.    Through  implementing  enhanced  project  management  systems,  we  were  partly  able  to  accommodate  pricing  pressure  through 
reducing variable costs to preserve margins.   

In 2015 we began renting our nDurance® series drilling motors on a stand-alone basis to major energy company customers and continue to receive 
positive  market  feedback  on  their  performance.    In  the  U.S.,  our  proprietary  Electro-Magnetic  Measurement-While-Drilling  (“EM-MWD”)  system 
continues  to  be  recognized  for  its  performance  advantages  in  difficult  formations  resulting  in  us  securing  new  customer  opportunities.    We  also 
aggressively pursued opportunities for our proprietary dual telemetry MWD system in the U.S.  Our dual telemetry system, which has been commercial 
since 2011, allows data to be transmitted via mud pulse, electro-magnetic or both simultaneously which offers clients reduced drilling times in formation 
areas and situations where EM transmission signal can be temporarily disrupted.   

We continue to push forward and invest in our strategic improvement initiatives to set our company to be in a stronger position coming out of this 
downturn.    

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 2 

 
In 2015, a large effort was expended on our marketing and sales efforts and as a result we are much better focused on articulating our advantages to 
customers.  In October we refreshed our website and we continue to update our sales and marketing materials with a focus on better articulating our 
value proposition.  We are actively targeting customers and regions where our equipment and services can result in a material reduction in well costs 
by reducing days drilled or offer customer efficiencies in our Flowback and Production Testing business.   

We introduced  a  Drilling  Optimization  offering  in  2015  aimed  at  working closer  with customers  on the  technical  aspects  of their  drilling  programs.  
Drilling Optimization will assist us with client retention, securing new business, incremental revenue generation and exploiting operational efficiencies 
to improve job margins and return on assets employed.  

We  also  continued  to  make  progress  on  introducing  new  proprietary  technologies.    In  2015  we  introduced  three  product  enhancements  to  our 
FUSION™  MWD  technology  platform.    These  enhancements  include  providing  enhanced  electromagnetic  transmission  capabilities,  the  ability  to 
collect and analyze downhole drilling diagnostics and further ruggedizing our FUSION MWD platform to operate in increasingly  demanding drilling 
environments.    With  these  enhancements  Cathedral's  ElectroMagnetic  ("EM")  technology  can  be  relied  on  by  our  customers  to  give  superior 
performance  in  more  formations  and  drilling  environments  than  competitive  technologies.    We  continue  to  support  our  technology  support  and 
development area as we see this area as being key to Cathedral’s long-term success. 

Workplace safety is extremely important to us and our customers.  In our Health, Safety and Environment (“HSE”) area we successfully introduced 
our internal Work Smart Live Well philosophy which has corporate risk management as its central tenant.  More on this innovative program can be 
found  on  our  website.    We  also  handily  achieved  our  corporate  performance  targets  for  HSE  including  having  zero  lost  time  injuries  and  zero 
environmental incidents and exceeding our injury frequency targets (on an activity compensated basis) which is a key industry comparative metric.  
These achievements demonstrate that Cathedral has a clear HSE vision, strong leadership, and a workforce that is committed to excellence and 
delivering outstanding results, even during the most formidable fiscal times. 

As we go into the 2016 we will continue to focus on the things in our business we can control, improving and deploying our proprietary technology and 
expertise to assist our customers reduce their costs and continuing to demonstrate our quality, safety and integrity with our employees and customers.  
We remain confident that we will  come out of this current downturn in a very strong position  to deliver increased value to our customers and our 
shareholders. 

Sincerely,  

Signed: "P. Scott MacFarlane" 

P. Scott MacFarlane  

President and Chief Executive Officer 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. 

March 2, 2016 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS 

This Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") for the year ended  December 31, 2015 provides an analysis of the consolidated results of 
operations, financial position and cash flows of Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. (the "Company" or "Cathedral") and should be read in conjunction with 
the  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  and  notes  thereto  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015,  as  well  as  the  Company's  2015  interim 
MD&A's.  This MD&A is intended to assist the reader in the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends, as well as the risks and 
uncertainties, related to the results of the operations and financial position of the Company.  Currency amounts are in '000's except for day rates and 
per share amounts.  This MD&A is dated March 2, 2016. 

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS 
This  MD&A  contains  certain  forward-looking  statements  and  forward-looking  information  (collectively  referred  to  herein  as  "forward-looking 
statements") within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws.  All statements other than statements of present or historical fact are forward-
looking statements.  Forward-looking statements are often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as "anticipate", "achieve", "believe", 
"plan", "intend", "objective", "continuous", "ongoing", "estimate", "outlook", "expect", "may", "will", "project", "should" or similar words suggesting future 
outcomes.  In  particular,  this  MD&A contains  forward-looking  statements  relating  to,  among  other things:  improving  and  deploying  our  proprietary 
technology and expertise to assist our customers reduce their costs; continuing to demonstrate our quality, safety and integrity with our employees 
and customers; confident that we will come out of this current downturn in a very strong position to deliver increased value to our customers and our 
shareholders;  expect  activity  levels  to  be  mediocre  with  the  potential  for  further  customer  activity  reductions  in  the  short-term;  expecting  very 
challenging activity levels in Canada for the first half of the year; activity levels will not improve until the second half of 2016 even if commodity prices 
improve  earlier;  prospects  in  the  U.S.  for  the  next  quarters  are  better  than  in  Canada;  projected  capital  expenditures  and  commitments  and  the 
financing thereof; anticipate that we will not reinstate dividend payments until industry conditions and operating cash flow improves;  the Company 
could  breach  the  covenants  included  in  the  2015  Amended  Credit  Facility;  management  expects  to  be  able  to  successfully  negotiate  acceptable 
Agreement amendments however, there is no guarantee this will occur; Cathedra expects to comply with all covenants during 2016; and long-term 
intent of the Company to pay quarterly dividends to shareholders. 

The Company believes the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date hereof but no assurance can be 
given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon. 

Various material factors and assumptions are typically applied in drawing conclusions or making the forecasts or projections set out in forward-looking 
statements.  Those material factors and assumptions are based on information currently available to the Company, including information obtained 
from third party industry analysts and other third party sources.  In some instances, material assumptions and material factors are presented elsewhere 
in this MD&A in connection with the forward-looking statements.  You are cautioned that the following list of material factors and assumptions is not 
exhaustive.  Specific material factors and assumptions include, but are not limited to: 

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the performance of Cathedral's businesses, including current business and economic trends; 
oil and natural gas commodity prices and production levels; 
capital expenditure programs and other expenditures by Cathedral and its customers; 
the ability of Cathedral to retain and hire qualified personnel; 
the ability of Cathedral to obtain parts, consumables, equipment, technology, and supplies in a timely manner to carry out its activities; 
the ability of Cathedral to maintain good working relationships with key suppliers; 
the ability of Cathedral to market its services successfully to existing and new customers and reliance on major customers;  
risks associated with technology development and intellectual property rights;  
the ability of Cathedral to maintain safety performance; 
the ability of Cathedral to obtain timely financing on acceptable terms; 
the ability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage to mitigate operational risks; 
currency exchange and interest rates; 
risks associated with foreign operations; 
risks associated with acquisitions and business development efforts; 
environmental risks; 
risks associated with winding up operations in Venezuela, including the ability to sell Cathedral's interest in the Venezuela joint venture; 
changes under governmental regulatory regimes and tax, environmental and other laws in Canada and U.S.; and 
competitive risks. 

Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and involve a number of risks and uncertainties some of which are described 
herein.  Such forward-looking statements necessarily involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which may cause the Company's actual 
performance and financial results in future periods to differ materially from any projections of future performance or results expressed or implied by 
such forward-looking statements.  These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks identified in this MD&A and in the Company's 
Annual Information Form under the heading "Risk Factors".  Any forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and, except as required 
by law, the Company assumes no obligation to publicly update or revise such statements to reflect new information, subsequent or otherwise. 

All forward-looking  statements  contained  in  this  MD&A  are  expressly  qualified  by  this cautionary  statement.  Further  information  about  the factors 
affecting forward-looking statements is available in the Company's current Annual Information Form which  has been filed with Canadian provincial 
securities commissions and is available on www.sedar.com. 

CORPORATE OVERVIEW 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. (the "Company" or "Cathedral") is incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) (the "Act").  The 
Company is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol "CET".  The Company together with its wholly owned subsidiary, 
Cathedral Energy Services Inc., is engaged in the business of providing selected oilfield services to oil and natural gas companies in western 
Canada and the U.S.  Cathedral is a trusted partner to North American energy companies requiring high performance Directional Drilling services 
and dependable Flowback and Production Testing solutions. We work in partnership with our customers to tailor our equipment and expertise to 
meet their specific geographical and technical needs. Our experience, technologies and responsive personnel enable our customers to achieve 
higher efficiencies and lower project costs. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 4 

 
 
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 

(1)  Refer to MD&A: see “NON-GAAP MEASUREMENTS” 

(2)  Quarterly dividend was suspended in November 2015 

(3)  Property and equipment additions exclude non-cash additions 

FISCAL 2015 KEY TAKEAWAYS 

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Revenues and profitability were significantly affected by reduced industry activity and pricing pressures resulting from continued decline in 
commodity prices through 2015; 
Revenues  of  $136,079  in  2015  compared  to  $275,435  in  2014,  a  51%  decline  and  adjusted  EBITDAS  of  $7,393  in  2015  compared  to 
$38,487 in 2014, an 81% decline; 
Cathedral’s proprietary directional technology and customer service focus continues to be a key factor in retaining and securing work in a 
challenging industry environment.  Cathedral remains committed to investing in technology support and development as a key future success 
factor; 
Delivered numerous drilling records  in 2015 as a result of our proprietary nDurance® motor and FUSION™ Measurement-While-Drilling 
(MWD) system technologies; 
Due  to  the  strong  performance  of  Cathedral's  proprietary motors, motor  rental  revenues  continued to  increase  on  a  year-over-year  and 
sequential basis for each quarter of 2015;  
The secured revolving term loan was reduced $25,000 in 2015; 
Cathedral's presence in all key North American basins facilitated operational efficiencies through the movement of equipment  and people 
between operating areas; and 

  Management continues to focus on initiatives to reduce costs, improve margins and improve revenue through enhanced focus on our sales 

and marketing capabilities. 

OUTLOOK 

At the beginning of 2015, industry experts and analysts were prognosticating a rebound in oil prices toward the end of the year.  In fact the opposite 
occurred with oil prices declining into the $40 to $50 bbl range in the second half of the year from to $60 bbl range in May  and June.  Beginning in 
November prices dropped precipitously into the $35 bbl range by year end.  The New Year brought oil prices sliding into the $30 bbl range and hitting 
recent lows of $26 bbl.  These price declines were all largely related to a persistent oversupply situation in the market.  Although there is optimism 
about Russian and OPEC production stabilizing or potentially reducing and North American production and storage level increases abating, the words 
“Lower for Longer” are now regularly used in the industry lexicon.   

The recent oil and gas price declines have had a dramatic impact on oilfield service activity levels as exploration and production companies continue 
to cut their drilling and completions budgets.  Both the U.S. and Canadian rig counts have declined significantly since the beginning of the year.  The 
U.S. rig count has declined 28% since January 1, 2016 to 502 active rigs (as at February 26, 2016) – down from an average rig count of 807 for the 
second half of 2015.  Until WTI prices move above $50 USD bbl. or producers raise additional capital, as some have accomplished in recent weeks, 
we expect activity levels to be mediocre with the potential for further customer activity reductions in the short-term. 

Cathedral is expecting very challenging activity levels in Canada for the first half of the year.  Drilling activity is currently very low as a result of energy 
company  budget  cuts  compounded  by  warm  weather.    Expectations  are  that  activity  levels  will  not  improve  until  the  second  half  of  2016  even  if 
commodity prices improve earlier.  This is in part a result of the traditional spring-breakup period in Canada impacting the first half of the year.  In the 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 5 

201520142013Revenue136,079$             275,435$             224,685$             Adjusted gross margin % (1)17.4%21.6%23.1%EBITDAS (1)7,393$                 38,487$               32,815$               Diluted per share0.20$                   1.06$                   0.91$                   As % of revenues5%14%15%Funds from continuing operations (1)4,410$                 32,114$               25,359$               (Write-down of) recovery on investment in associate and related assets-$                     177$                    (13,070)$              Write-down of goodwill(5,848)$                -$                     -$                     Write-down of property and equipment(3,189)$                -$                     -$                     Write-down of inventory(3,736)$                -$                     -$                     Write-down of deferred taxes related to CRA settlement(10,346)$              -$                     -$                     Earnings before income taxes(32,087)$              14,970$               1,114$                 Basic per share(0.88)$                  0.41$                   0.03$                   Diluted per share(0.88)$                  0.41$                   0.03$                   Net earnings (loss)(35,342)$              10,283$               (1,542)$                Basic per share(0.97)$                  0.28$                   (0.04)$                  Diluted per share(0.97)$                  0.28$                   (0.04)$                  Cash dividends declared per share (2)0.1200$               0.3300$               0.3075$               Property and equipment additions (3)6,908$                 30,763$               28,283$               Weighted average shares outstandingBasic (000s)36,295                 36,244                 36,171                 Diluted (000s)36,295                 36,255                 36,241                 Working capital13,550$               38,135$               26,031$               Total assets155,610$             230,534$             205,375$             Long-term debt excluding current portion30,477$               56,142$               38,462$               Shareholders' equity96,607$               128,368$             126,612$              
Canadian Flowback and Production Testing division our business is benefiting from clients who remain busy however, pricing pressure remains a 
challenge.   

Prospects in the U.S. for the next quarters are better than in Canada, however, visibility is still challenged and there is a high potential for project 
delays and a lower active rig count in the short-term.  In late 2015 we shifted our Directional Drilling sales strategy in the U.S. which has opened up 
prospects with new customers and confirmed drilling prospects with existing customers.  Our success in the U.S. is also a result of our differentiated 
technology in this market and having an active presence and growing reputation in the key U.S. basins such as the Permian.  Activity levels in the 
U.S.  Flowback  and  Production  Testing  business  have  been  very  challenging  as  many  of  our  customers  have  suspended  their  well  completion 
programs.  We are focused on generating sales opportunities in the short-term and further ensuring this division is positioned to participate in the large 
backlog of wells that will need to be completed or re-frac’d once commodity prices improve. 

Our  strategic  themes  for  2016  expand  on the  objectives  we  set  out in  2015  to  get through  this  downturn  and  position  ourselves favorably  for the 
eventual rebound in activity levels:  

1.  Fiscal Management - Continuing to balance our cost structure and short term revenue prospects to ensure we meet our financial obligations 

and not impact the long-term viability of the business. 

2.  Retaining Key Employees - Preserve our key employee base so when industry conditions improve we are able to ramp up our business 

quickly. 

3.  Operational Excellence - Continue to pursue operational and technology improvements to mitigate the impact of reduced activity levels and 

pricing pressure and ensure we offer high operational performance levels to attract and retain customer work. 

4.  Enhance Sales Effectiveness – focus on short and long-term revenue generation and market share growth opportunities. 

We are making good progress in all the above areas.  At the beginning of January 2016 additional wage rollbacks were implemented in the U.S. and 
Canada.  Unfortunately due to expected very low activity levels in Canada for  the first half of 2016, additional layoffs were required at the end of 
February to further contain costs.  Our banking covenants were relaxed in early 2016 to reflect decreased activity levels in 2016 and 2017. Our lending 
syndicate continues to be supportive of Cathedral based on our cost cutting initiatives and strategy to manage through the downturn. 

In  late  2015  we  implemented  an organization  change  to  ensure  Cathedral’s  in-house  technology  and  high  level  of  operating standards  are  better 
leveraged  across  all  locations  in  which  we  operate.    Through  introducing  corporate  product  line  manager  functions,  we  expect  to  achieve  better 
managerial control over capital asset allocation, equipment repair and parts procurement, training, policies, procedures and standards.   

We are also in the process of further refining our marketing and sales efforts.  Our sales and marketing initiatives are aimed at strategically targeting 
customers in basins where we can provide a significant improvement in well costs by reducing days drilled in our Directional Drilling area or offer 
customer's efficiencies in our Flowback and Production Testing area.  We are actively pursuing, or engaged in, alliances with industry partners and 
suppliers  to  facilitate  this  approach.    We  are  also  implementing  new  processes  and  sales  performance  management  systems  to  improve  sales 
effectiveness.   

We remain highly focused on managing through this current industry downturn and continuing to build a business that will prosper once activity levels 
improve. 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - 2015 COMPARED TO 2014 

Overview 

The Company completed 2015 with revenues of $136,079 compared to 2014 revenues of $275,435 a decrease of 51%.  The 2015 revenues were 
comprised of 78% (2014 - 76%) from the Directional Drilling division and 22% (2014 - 24%) from the Flowback and Production Testing division. 

2015 EBITDAS was $7,393 ($0.20 per share diluted) which represents a $31,094 or 81% decrease from $38,487 ($1.06 per share diluted) in 2014.  
In 2015 the Company’s net loss was $35,342 ($0.97 loss per share) as compared to net earnings of $10,283 ($0.28 earnings per share diluted) in 
2014.  The decrease in EBITDAS and earnings was the result of decreased operating levels.  

Revenues          2015  revenues  were  $136,079  which  represented  a  decrease  of  $139,356  or  51%  from  2014  revenues  of  $275,435.    All  areas 
experienced decreases due mainly to overall decline in drilling activity as a result of reduction in commodity prices.  In comparison several quarters in 
2014 saw several divisions achieve record revenues.  The active land rig count for Canada was down 50% and down 48% for U.S. in 2015.  Canadian 
wells completed fell approximately 60% in 2015 compared to 2014.  Land rig count is a key driver of activity levels in the Directional Drilling industry 
and wells completed is a key driver for Flowback and Production Testing industry. 

Canadian Directional Drilling revenues decreased to $38,868 in 2015 from $92,958 in 2014; a 58% decrease.  This decrease was the result of: i) a 
54% decrease in activity days to 3,766 in 2015 from 8,221 in 2014; and ii) a 21% decrease in the average day rate to $8,920 in 2015 from $11,233 in 
2014.  Offsetting these declines was an increase of $4,665 on the rental of mud motors, particularly the Cathedral's CLAW™ motor.  Rental revenue 
for 2015 revenues was $5,275.     

U.S. Directional Drilling revenues decreased to $67,374 in 2015 from $115,707 in 2014; a 42% decrease.  This decrease was the net result of: i) a 
45% decrease in activity days to 5,496 in 2015 from 9,940 in 2014; and ii) a slight increase in the average day rate to $11,834 in 2015 from $11,557 
in 2014 (when converted to Canadian dollars).  All U.S. districts experienced a decrease in activity levels except the Northeast district which  had a 
modest increase on a year-over-year basis.  The U.S. average day rates in Canadian dollars were relatively unchanged due to the stronger U.S. dollar.  
Rates in USD fell to $9,323 USD in 2015 from $10,460 USD in 2014, an 11% decline.  As with Canadian directional, there were pressures from clients 
to reduce pricing.   Rental revenue increased to $2,336 from $829 and in particular increased in 2015 Q4. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 6 

Flowback andFlowback andDirectionalProductionDirectionalProductionRevenuesDrillingTestingTotalDrillingTestingTotalCanada38,868$        12,469$        51,337$        92,958$        32,114$        125,072$      United States67,374          17,368          84,742          115,707        34,656          150,363        Total106,242$      29,837$        136,079$      208,665$      66,770$        275,435$      Year ended December 31, 2015Year ended December 31, 2014 
Canadian Flowback and Production Testing revenues decreased to $12,469 in 2015 from $32,114 in 2014; a 61% decrease.  The decrease was 
primarily due to the reduction in activity levels due to the industry downturn.  There was a 5% decrease in the pricing on a year-over-year basis. 

U.S. Flowback and Production Testing revenues decreased to $17,368 in 2015 from $34,656 in 2014, a 50% decrease.  The decrease was due to the 
reduction in activity levels due to the industry downturn as pricing in CAD increased 12%.  In USD the pricing decreased 1% on a year-over-year basis.     

Gross margin and adjusted gross margin     Gross margin for 2015 was 2.2% compared to 14.6% in 2014.  Adjusted gross margin (see Non-GAAP 
Measurements) for 2015 was $23,639 or 17.4% compared to $59,570 or 21.6% for 2014, a change of 4.2%.     

The Company initiated a number of cost reductions throughout 2015 including; reducing wages for field, support and office staff, implementing work 
force adjustments and reducing other direct cost items.  These cost reductions continued as the year progressed.  Despite these measures, these 
cost reductions could not offset lower revenue day rates in the Directional Drilling divisions, especially Canadian operations, resulting in lower gross 
margins.   

Although there was a reduction in the fixed component of direct cost of sales of 25.2% compared with 2014, the percentage of revenue of these costs 
was greater in 2015 due to the reduction in revenues.  On a percentage of revenue basis the fixed costs increased 6.5% from 2014.  As stated above, 
the year-to-date adjusted gross margin had decreased by 4.2%.  The remaining 2.3% net increase in adjusted gross margin relates mainly to reductions 
in field labour and chargeback expenditures offset by higher repair costs as percentage of revenue.  

Depreciation allocated to cost of sales increased to $20,566 in 2015 from $19,373 in 2014.  Depreciation included in cost of sales as a percentage of 
revenue was 15.1% for 2015 and 7.0% in 2014. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A")     SG&A expenses were $20,109 in 2015; a decrease of $4,841 compared with $24,950 
in 2014.   As a percentage of revenue, SG&A was 15% in 2015 and 9% in 2014.  Included in 2015 amounts are $233 of bad debts. 

Excluding the non-cash items of depreciation and share-based compensation and bad debts, SG&A was $19,547 in 2015 compared to $24,470 in 
2014, a decrease of $4,923 or 20%.  SG&A decreased primarily due to work force reductions, wage rollbacks and reduction in variable compensation.  
SG&A  wage  rollbacks  were  implemented  February  1,  2015  at  a  range  of  5%  to  15%  with  an  average  reduction  of  10%.    There  were  additional 
reductions to staffing levels throughout the year.  Staffing costs included in SG&A include executives, sales, accounting, human resources,  payroll, 
safety, research and development and related support staff. 

Gain on disposal of property and equipment     In 2015 Q1 the Company completed the sale and leaseback of its Oklahoma City operating facility.  
This resulted in a gain on sale of land and buildings of $456.  The Company has entered into a 15 year lease for the Oklahoma City operating facility.  
During 2015, the Company had a gain on disposal of property and equipment of $3,363 compared to $3,102 in 2014.  These gains are mainly due to 
recoveries of lost-in-hole equipment costs including previously expensed depreciation on the related assets.  The timing of lost-in-hole recoveries is 
not in the control of the Company and therefore can fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter. 

Write-down of goodwill     Due to the further decline in commodity prices and the impact on drilling and completion activity levels the Company 
recorded an impairment of goodwill of $5,848 in 2015 Q3.  The recoverable amount of each cash generating unit (“CGU”) was determined using a 
value  in  use  calculation  based  on  cash  flow  projections  over  the  expected  life  of  the  assets.  The  cash  flow  projections  were  based  on  expected 
outcomes taking into account past experience and management expectation of market conditions.  $1,624 of the impairment related to the Directional 
Drilling CGU and $4,224 related to the Flowback and Production Testing CGU. This impairment represented the total amount of goodwill allocated to 
each CGU. 

Write-down of property and equipment     Due to the reduction in demand for services, in 2015 Q4 the Company carried out a review of equipment 
and wrote-down those where there was a significant lack of demand by clients.  The result of this review was a write-down of property and equipment 
of $3,189. 

Write-down of inventory 
The Company’s inventory is used to construct new tools and maintain existing tools. Due to the decrease in operating 
activities and the reduction in capital build out programs, there was a reduction in inventory turn-over.  As the prospect of recovery has been further 
delayed, in 2015 Q4 the company conducted a review of inventory items and the projected usage for the various lines of inventory and wrote-down 
the value of inventory by $3,736.  $2,607 of this write-down relates to parts for third party, non-Cathedral manufactured motors, which currently have 
lower utilization and demand from clients.   

Foreign exchange loss      The Company had foreign exchange loss of $4,374 in 2015 compared to $881 in 2014 due to the fluctuations in the 
Canadian dollar  relative to the U.S. dollar.  The Company’s foreign operations are denominated in a currency other than the Canadian dollar and 
therefore, upon consolidation gains and losses due to fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates are recorded in other comprehensive income 
(“OCI”) on the balance sheet as a component of equity.  However, gains and losses in the Canadian entity on U.S. denominated intercompany balances 
continue to be recognized in the statement of income.  Included in  the 2015 foreign currency loss are unrealized losses of $4,191 (2014 - $1,166) 
related to intercompany balances. 

Finance costs     Finance costs consist of interest expenses on operating loans, loans and borrowings and bank charges of $1,664 for 2015 compared 
to  $2,563 for  2014.   The  decrease  in  finance costs  relate mainly  to  a  decreased  utilization  of  the  Company’s  credit facility  and to  a lesser  extent 
decreases in interest rates.   

Income tax     For 2015, the Company had net income tax expense of $3,255 compared to $4,687 in 2014.  Included in the 2015 amount is a charge 
to earnings from 2015 of $10,346 related to a write-off of a portion of the tax attributes obtained as part of the December 18, 2009 conversion from an 
income trust to a corporation ("Conversion").  On April 21, 2015, the Company received a proposal letter from the Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) 
which disclosed its intention to challenge all of the tax attributes obtained as part of the Conversion under the general anti-avoidance rules of  the 
Income Tax Act (Canada).  Subsequently, Cathedral elected to enter into the agreement with CRA as a highly satisfactory solution to avoid potential 
costly and time consuming legal proceedings and allow management to focus its efforts on business operations and enhancing shareholder value.  
The CRA agreement did not give rise to any cash outlay by Cathedral for prior taxation years. Cathedral continues to have access to a portion of the 
tax attributes obtained as part of the Conversion to offset federal and provincial taxes in subsequent taxation years. 

Excluding  this  and  other  minor  adjustments  to  prior  period  amounts,  the  tax  recovery  related  to  the  current  year  was  $6,495  (25%  effective  rate 
excluding write-down of goodwill which is an item without tax consequence) in 2015 compared to expense of $4,664 (31% effective rate) in 2014.  
These effective rates are in line with anticipated annual rates. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  

Overview     On an annualized basis the Company’s principal source of liquidity is cash generated from operations.    In addition, the Company has 
the ability to fund liquidity requirements through its credit facility and the issuance of debt and/or equity.   For the year ended December 31, 2015, the 
Company had funds from operations (see Non-GAAP Measurements) of $4,410 (2014 - $32,114).  The decrease in funds from operations is due to a 
reductions in cash from operations due to lower activity levels and reductions in revenue day rates. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 7 

 
Working capital     At December 31, 2015 the Company had working capital of $13,550 (2014 - $38,135) and a working capital ratio of 1.5 to 1 (2014 
– 1.8 to 1).  The lower working capital level was directly related to the use of working capital to reduce long-term debt. 

Credit facility     The Company has a 3 year committed revolving credit facility that expires in August 2017.  The credit facility was amended on June 
12, 2015 (the "First Amendment") to reduce the facility to $60,000 (previously $85,000), increase the accordion feature to $35,000 (previously $25,000) 
and to provide a temporary relaxation of financial covenants.  The accordion feature is subject to approval of the syndicate of lenders which currently 
consists of The Bank of Nova Scotia and National Bank of Canada.   

In  January  2016,  the  Company  negotiated  further  amendments  to  the  credit  agreement  were  negotiated  (“Second  Amendment”).    The  Second 
Amendment has less restrictive financial covenants than the prior facility terms.  The Second Amendment provides for credit availability of $45,000, 
representing a $15,000 decrease from the prior amended credit facility. The Second Amendment matures in August, 2017, consistent with the duration 
of the original facility. 

After the First and Second Amendment discussed above, the facility bears interest at the bank’s prime rate plus 0.50% to 5.00% or bankers’ acceptance 
rate plus 1.75% to 6.25% with interest payable monthly.  Interest rate spreads for the credit facility depends on the level of funded debt to EBITDA 
(earnings  before  interest  on  long-term  debt,  taxes,  depreciation,  amortization  and  non-cash  compensation  expense  –  as  defined  in  the  credit 
agreement). 

As at December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its credit facility, which are: 

Ratio 
Debt service ratio – must be not less than 1.25:1 
Funded debt to EBITDA (as defined in credit facility) – must be not greater than 4.75:1 

December 31, 2015 value 
4.07:1 
4.02:1 

The financial covenants associated with the First and Second Amendments are as follows:  

Quarter ending: 

December 31, 2015 

March 31, 2016 

June 30, 2016 

September 30, 2016 

December 31, 2016 

March 31, 2017 

June 30, 2017 

September 30, 2017 and thereafter 

Maximum Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio  

Minimum Debt Service Ratio  

4.75 

Waived 

Waived 

5.50 

5.00 

4.50 

4.00 

3.00 

1.25 

1.25 

1.25 

1.75 

1.75 

1.75 

1.75 

1.75 

The credit facility is secured by a general security agreement over all present and future personal property. 

During the waiver period there is a requirement for minimum EBITDA for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 of $850 and minimum cumulative EBITDA 
for the two quarters ending June 30, 2016 of $1,600.  The amended facility has certain restrictions, including, but not limited to; paying dividends, 
utilization of the accordion feature, enhanced lender financial reporting and a cap on any litigation settlement payments without lender approval. 

Effective 2015 Q4 the Company will include lost-in-hole equipment proceeds in the definition of EBITDA under the lending agreement. 

In light of the current volatility in oil and gas prices and uncertainty regarding the timing for recovery in such prices, management’s ability to prepare 
financial forecasts is challenging.  As a consequence the Company could breach the covenants included in the 2015 Amended Credit Facility (the 
“Agreement”)  in  2016  and  2017. An  actual  breach  would  constitute  an  event  of  default  under  the  Agreement,  which  provides  the lenders  several 
alternatives including a waiver of the breach, an amendment to the Agreement to reset the covenant or, in the unlikely event, a requirement to repay 
the borrowings.  

In the event the Company believes it could be in breach of its loan covenants it will first enter into discussions on amendments to the financial covenants 
in the Agreement to avoid such a breach. Based on successfully negotiating amendments to the Agreement in 2015 and 2016, management expects 
to be able to successfully negotiate acceptable Agreement amendments however, there is no guarantee this will occur. 

The Company currently is in compliance with each of the financial covenants under its lending agreement.  Based on current available information, 
Cathedral expects to comply with all covenants during 2016. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 8 

 
 
 
 
The following table outlines the current credit facility: 

Contractual obligations     In the normal course of business, the Company incurs contractual obligations and those obligations are disclosed below.  
As at December 31, 2015, the Company had a commitment to purchase equipment of approximately $5.  Cathedral anticipates expending these funds 
2016 Q1.   

The Company has issued three standby letters of credit, two of which relate to property leases and renew annually to landlords.  The first letter of 
credit is $700 for the first ten years of the lease and then reduces to $500 for the last five years of the lease.  The second letter of credit is for $542 
USD and increases annually based upon annual changes in rent.  The final letter of credit is for $75 USD issued in relation to U.S. WCB coverage.  

The following table outlines the anticipated payments related to purchase commitments subsequent to December 31, 2016: 

On  October  29,  2014  Cathedral  received  a  letter from  one  of  its  U.S. clients  (“the  Complainant”)  alleging  a  down-hole  drilling 
Contingencies 
incident which impacted two of their wells in December 2013.  The  Complainant had indicated potential damages of $3,000 USD and in 2015 Q3 
increased this indication to $3,700 USD.  Cathedral does not carry insurance for this type of incident.  In January 2016, the Complainant filed a formal 
complaint in Pennsylvania court initiating a formal legal process related to their claim.  Cathedral, with its legal counsel is responding to the complaint 
and intends to vigorously defend this action.  Due to the uncertainty around what amount, if any, and the means of settlement, the Company has made 
no provision in the financial statements for this incident. 

The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Cathedral Energy Services Inc. (“INC”), has been named in a legal action in Houston, Texas commenced 
by a former employee.  INC has also been named in a second legal action in Denver, Colorado by a former employee.  In both these legal actions the 
employees and consultants (collectively “Claimants") allege that they were improperly classified as exempt under the Fair Labour Standards Act and 
therefore entitled to unpaid overtime or additional compensation for improperly calculated overtime.  Subsequently, six additional claimants have joined 
the first action and four additional claimants have joined the second action.  Legal actions involving similar alleged violations have been filed in the 
United States against a number of other oilfield service companies. The Claimants assert that they will seek to have the action certified as a collective 
action which may result in additional employees, former employees or consultants of INC joining the actions. INC has filed defenses for both actions 
and is currently reviewing its settlement and legal options. The Company believes that the potential impact of this matter is indeterminable. 

Share capital     At March 2, 2016, the Company has 36,295,380 common shares and 2,128,597 options outstanding with a weighted average exercise 
price of $3.16. 

In 2015, the Company issued 1,389,500 stock options to directors, officers and employees with exercise prices of $0.75 to $2.13 per share. 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS 

As at December 31, 2015, the Company has entered into $39,789 of commitments under operating leases for premises and issued a standby letters 
of credit in the amounts of $700 CAD and $617 USD (refer to note 20 to the audited consolidated financial statements).    Pursuant to such obligations, 
the Company indemnifies its directors and officers, to the extent permitted by law, against any and all claims or losses (including amounts paid in 
settlement  of  claims)  incurred  as  a  result  of  their  service  to  the  Company.    The  maximum  amount  payable  under  these  indemnities  cannot  be 
reasonably estimated. The Company expects that it would be covered by insurance for most, but not all, tort liabilities. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 9 

December 31December 3120152014Total credit facility60,000$              85,000$              Drawings on credit facility:Operating loan2,484                  1,069                  Revolving term loan30,000                55,000                Letters of credit1,554                  700                     Total drawn facility34,038$              56,769$              Undrawn portion of credit facility25,962$              28,231$              Net debt (see NON-GAAP MEASUREMENTS):Loans and borrowings, net of current portion30,477$              56,142$              Working capital:Current assets41,575$              83,392$              Current liabilities(28,025)               (45,257)               Working capital13,550$              38,135$              Net debt16,927$              18,007$              Total20162017201820192020ThereafterPurchase obligations5$            5$           -$         -$         -$         -$       -$         Secured revolving term loan 30,000     -         30,000     -           -           -         -           Operating lease obligations39,789     4,090      3,870       3,389       3,106       2,789     22,545      Finance lease obligations1,194       738         446          10            -           -         -           Total70,988$   4,833$    34,316$   3,399$     3,106$     2,789$   22,545$     
2015 CAPITAL PROGRAM 

During the year ended December 31, 2015 Company invested $6,908 (2014 - $30,763) in property and equipment.  The following table details the net 
property and equipment additions: 

The major additions for growth capital were $3,161 for additional drilling motors and related equipment for specific job requirements, $107 for MWD 
equipment and $1,303 for additional ancillary Flowback and Production Testing equipment to reduce future rental costs.  Infrastructure capital relates 
to the construction of an operations facility in Oklahoma that was completed and subject to a sale and leaseback in 2015 Q1.  Maintenance capital 
included $607 related to MWD upgrades, $32 for ancillary motor components, $52 for Flowback and Production Testing units and ancillary equipment, 
$181 for automobiles and $299 related to shop, office and computer equipment additions.  Replacement capital included $401 for MWD equipment 
and $109 for motor equipment. 

The following is a summary of major equipment owned by the Company: 

2016 CAPITAL PROGRAM 

Cathedral's 2016 capital budget is $1,000 with $200 for growth capital and $800 for replacement or maintenance capital.  The growth additions are 
primarily for additional MWD systems and the maintenance capital is primarily to replace items which have been lost-in-hole.  The capital budget will 
be reviewed quarterly. 

Cathedral intends to finance its 2016 capital budget from cash flow from operations and proceeds from redundant asset sales or assets lost-in-hole. 

DIVIDENDS 

Based on the current reductions in commodity prices and uncertainties around expected drilling and completion activity in 2015 Q4 and into 2016, the 
Board of Directors have made the decision to suspend the payment of Cathedral's quarterly dividend until industry conditions improve.  This decision 
was made in order to preserve cash, to manage liquidity, invest selectively in capital asset additions and pursue operational initiatives to better position 
the Company for economic turn-around. The Board of Directors will review dividend distributions on a quarterly basis giving consideration to current 
performance, historical and future trends in the business, the expected sustainability of those trends as well as required long-term debt repayments, 
maintenance capital expenditures required to sustain performance.  It is the long-term intent of the Company to pay quarterly dividends to shareholders.   

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31 

Revenues and operating expenses 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 10 

December 31December 3120152014Property and equipment additions:Growth capital (1)4,571$                    15,543$                  Maintenance capital (1)1,171                      1,257                      Replacement capital (1)510                         4,324                      Infrastructure capital (1)656                         9,639                      Total cash additions6,908                      30,763                    Less: proceeds on disposal of property and equipment(4,944)                     (5,550)                     Less: proceeds on disposal of land and buildings(6,174)                     -                          Net property and equipment additions (1)(4,210)$                   25,213$                  (1)See "NON-GAAP MEASUREMENTS"December 31December 3120152014Directional drilling - MWD systems140                  140                  Production testing units66                    66                    2015 Q42014 Q4$ Change% ChangeRevenues 24,949          73,242          (48,293)         -66%Cost of sales(26,040)         (63,509)         37,469          -59%Gross margin - $(1,091)           9,733            (10,824)         -111%Gross margin - %-4.4%13.3%-17.7%Adjusted gross margin $ (1)4,283            14,983          (10,700)         -71%Adjusted gross margin % (1)17.2%20.5%-3.3%(1) Refer to MD&A  "NON-GAAP MEASUREMENTS"Flowback andFlowback andDirectionalProductionDirectionalProductionRevenuesDrillingTestingTotalDrillingTestingTotalCanada7,024$          2,377$          9,401$          22,582$        7,656$          30,238$        United States14,137          1,411            15,548          32,408          10,596          43,004          Total21,161$        3,788$          24,949$        54,990$        18,252$        73,242$        Three months ended December 31, 2015Three months ended December 31, 2014 
 
Revenues     2015 Q4 revenues were $24,949 which represented a decrease of $48,293 or 66% from 2014 Q4 revenues of $73,242.  All divisions 
experienced decreases compared to 2014 Q4.  In 2015 there were continued industry wide activity declines due to reductions in commodity prices 
and day rate decreases directly related to pricing concessions requested by customers due to market conditions.  In comparison, 2014 Q4 set a record 
for quarterly revenue.  The active land rig count for Canada and U.S. was down 56% and 58% respectively in 2015 Q4 compared to 2014 Q4.  Canadian 
wells completed fell approximately 71% in 2015 Q4 compared to 2014 Q4.   

Canadian Directional Drilling revenues decreased to $7,024 in 2015 Q4 from $22,582 in 2014 Q4; a 69% decrease.  This decrease was the result of: 
i) a 66% decrease in activity days to 671 in 2015 Q4 from 1,951 in 2014 Q4; and ii) a 34% decrease in the average day rate to $7,580 in 2015 Q4 
from $11,442 in 2014 Q4.  Offsetting these declines was an increase of $1,680 on the rental of mud motors, particularly the Cathedral's  CLAW™ 
motor.  Motor rental revenues for 2015 Q4 were $1,938. 

U.S. Directional Drilling revenues decreased to $14,137 in 2015 Q4 from $32,408 in 2014 Q4; a 56% decrease.  This decrease was the net result of: 
i) a 61% decrease in activity days to 1,038 in 2015 Q4 from 2,673 in 2014 Q4; and ii) a 3% increase in the average day rate to $12,318 in 2015 Q4 
from $12,020 in 2014 Q4 (when converted to Canadian dollars).  All U.S. districts experienced a decrease in activity levels.  The U.S. average day 
rates in Canadian dollars increased due to the stronger U.S. dollar.  Rates in USD fell to $9,259 USD in 2015 Q4 from $10,588 USD in 2014 Q4, a 
13% decline.  U.S. day rate decreases were partially tempered by the U.S. division providing footage drilling services to certain clients which can result 
in higher relative day rates.  Motor rental revenues for 2015 Q4 were $1,351 compared to $278 in 2014 Q4. 

Canadian Flowback and Production Testing revenues decreased to $2,377 in 2015 Q4 from $7,656 in 2014 Q4; a 69% decrease.  The decrease was 
due to the reduction in activity levels due to the industry downturn as well as a 18% decline in pricing. 

U.S. Flowback and Production Testing revenues decreased to $1,411 in 2015 Q4 from $10,596 in 2014 Q4, an 87% decrease.  The decrease was 
due to the reduction in activity levels due to the industry downturn.  Pricing when converted to CAD was down slightly, but there was a 16% decline in 
pricing in USD. 

Gross margin and adjusted gross margin 
margin (see Non-GAAP Measurements) for 2015 Q4 was $4,283 or 17.2% compared to $14,983 or 20.5% for 2014 Q4, a decline of $10,700 or 3.3%.     

Gross margin for 2015  Q4 was negative 4.4% compared to  13.3% in 2014 Q4.  Adjusted gross 

The Company initiated a number of cost reductions throughout 2015 including; reducing wages for field, support and office staff, implementing work 
force adjustments and reducing other direct cost items.  These cost reductions continued as the year progressed.  Despite these measures, these 
cost reductions could not offset lower revenue day rates in the Directional Drilling divisions, especially Canadian operations, resulting in lower gross 
margins. 

Although there was a reduction in the fixed component of direct cost of sales of 35.4% compared with 2014 Q4, the percentage of revenue for these 
costs was greater in 2015 Q4 due to the reduction in revenues.  On a percentage of revenue basis, the fixed costs increased 10.9% from 2014 Q4.  
As stated above, the 2015  Q4 adjusted gross margin had decreased by  3.3%.  The remaining 7.6% increase in adjusted gross margin relates to 
reductions in field labour, rentals, chargeback expenditures and accommodations offset by higher repair costs as percentage of revenue.  

Depreciation allocated to cost of sales increased to $5,357 in 2015 Q4 from $5,231 in 2014 Q4.  Depreciation included in cost of sales as a percentage 
of revenue was 21.0% for 2015 Q4 and 7.1% in 2014 Q4. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A")     SG&A expenses were $5,178 in 2015 Q4; a decrease of $1,027 compared with $6,205 
in 2014 Q4.   As a percentage of revenue, SG&A was 21% in 2015 Q4 and 8% in 2014 Q4.  Included in 2015 Q4 amounts are $233 of bad debts. 

Excluding the non-cash items of depreciation and share-based compensation and bad debts, SG&A was $4,853 in 2015 Q4 compared to $6,084 in 
2014  Q4,  a  decrease  of  $1,231  or  20%.    SG&A  decreased  primarily  due  to  work  force  reductions,  wage  rollbacks  and  reductions  in  variable 
compensation.  SG&A wage rollbacks were implemented February 1, 2015 at a range of 5% to 15%.  There have been additional reductions to staffing 
levels in 2015.  Staffing costs included in SG&A include executives, sales, accounting, human resources, payroll, safety, research and development 
and related support staff.     

Gain on disposal of property and equipment     During 2015 Q4, the Company had a gain on disposal of property and equipment of $421 compared 
to $392 in 2014 Q4.  These gains are mainly due to recoveries of lost-in-hole equipment costs including previously expensed depreciation on the 
related assets.  The timing of lost-in-hole recoveries is not in the control of the Company and therefore can fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-
quarter.   

Write-down of property and equipment     Due to the reduction in demand for services, in 2015 Q4 the Company carried out a review of equipment 
and wrote-down those where there was a significant lack of demand by clients.  The result of this review was a write-down of property and equipment 
of $3,189. 

The Company’s inventory is used to construct new tools and maintain existing tools. Due to the decrease in operating 
Write-down of inventory 
activities and the reduction in capital build out programs, there was a reduction in inventory turn-over.  As the prospect of recovery has been further 
delayed, in 2015 Q4 the company conducted a review of inventory items and the projected usage for the various lines of inventory and wrote-down 
the value of inventory by $3,736.  $2,607 of this write-down relates to parts for third party, non-Cathedral manufactured motors, which currently have 
lower utilization and demand from clients.   

Foreign  exchange  loss          The  Company  had  foreign  exchange  loss  of  $1,103  in  2015  Q4  compared  to  a  loss  of  $335  in  2014  Q4  due  to  the 
fluctuations in the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar.  The Company’s foreign operations are denominated in a currency other than the Canadian 
dollar  and  therefore,  upon  consolidation  gains  and  losses  due  to  fluctuations  in  the  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  are  recorded  in  other 
comprehensive income (“OCI”) on the balance sheet as a component of equity.  However, gains and losses in the Canadian entity on U.S. denominated 
intercompany balances continue to be recognized in the statement of income.  Included in the 2015 Q4 foreign currency gains are unrealized losses 
of $1,188 (2014 Q4 - $452) related to intercompany balances. 

Finance costs     Finance costs consist of interest expenses on operating loans, loans and borrowings and bank charges of $386 for 2015 Q4 versus 
$699  for  2014  Q4.    The  decrease  in  finance  costs  relate  mainly  to  a  decreased  utilization  of  the  Company’s  credit  facility  and  to  a  lesser  extent 
decreases in interest rates. 

Income tax     For 2015 Q4, the Company had an income tax recovery of $(2,696) compared to expense of $1,287 in 2014 Q4.  The effective tax rate 
was 26% for 2015 Q4 and 42% for 2014 Q4.  Income tax expense is booked based upon expected annualized effective rates. 

Net loss for 2015 Q4 was $(7,830) (loss $0.38 per share - basic) compared to net earnings of $1,776 ($0.16 per share - diluted) in 2014 Q4. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS 

A significant portion of the Company's operations are carried on in western Canada where activity levels in the oilfield services industry are subject to 
a degree of seasonality. Operating activities in western Canada are generally lower during "spring breakup" which normally commences in mid to late 
March and continues through to May. Operating activities generally increase in the fall and peak in the winter months from December until late March. 
Additionally, volatility in the weather and temperatures not only during this period, but year round, can create additional unpredictability in operational 
results.  Activity levels in the oil and natural gas basins in the U.S. are not subject to the seasonality to the same extent that it occurs in the western 
Canada region. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES 

The Company's audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) 
and  significant  accounting  policies  utilized  by  the  Company  are  described  in  note  3  to  the  Company's  audited  consolidated  financial  statements.   
Management  believes the  accounting  principles selected  are  appropriate  under  the circumstances  and  the Audit  Committee  of  the  Company  has 
approved the policies selected. 

Under  GAAP, the  Company  is  required  to make  certain  estimates and  assumptions  that  affect the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the audited consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and 
expenses  during  the  reporting  period.    The  estimates  and  assumptions  utilized  are  based  on  past  experience  and  other  information  available  to 
management at the time the estimate or assumption is made.  The estimates and assumptions used by management are constantly evaluated for 
relevance under the circumstances and if circumstances on which the estimates or assumptions were based change, the impact is included in the 
results  of  operations  for  the  period  in  which the  change  occurs.   Management  believes  the  estimates,  judgments  and  assumptions  involved  in  its 
financial reporting are reasonable. 

The  following  accounting  policies  require  management's  more  significant  judgments  and  estimates  in  the  preparation  of  the  Company's  audited 
consolidated financial statements, and as such, are considered to be critical. 

Property and equipment     The Company makes estimates about the residual value and expected useful life of property and equipment.  These 
estimates are based on management’s historical experience and industry norms.  Expected useful life and depreciation rates are as disclosed in note 
3 (d) (iii) to the audited consolidated financial statements. 

Impairment of long-lived assets     Goodwill was assessed for impairment when circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may exceed the 
recoverable amount for the asset or at least annually.  Property and equipment and intangibles are assessed for impairment when circumstances 
suggest that the carrying amount may exceed the recoverable amount for the asset.  These calculations require estimates and assumptions and are 
subject to change as new information becomes available.  These estimates include number of years of cash flow available from the assets, growth 
rates, pre-tax discount rates as well as various estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of revenues and expenses used in the  cash flow 
analysis.    The  assumptions  used  in  the  impairment  test  of  property  and  equipment  and  goodwill  are  disclosed  in  notes  8  and  9  to  the  audited 
consolidated financial statements. 

Trade accounts receivable require estimates to be made regarding the financial stability of the Company’s customers and the environment in which 
they  operate  in  order  to  assess  if  accounts  receivable  balances  will  be  received.    Credit  risks  for  outstanding  accounts  receivable  are  assessed 
regularly and an allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded based upon specific customer information and experience as well as for groups of similar 
assets.  See note 25 to the audited consolidated financial statements “Credit risk” for further details. 

Inventory is reviewed periodically in order to determine if there is obsolescence.  This estimate is based upon historic data and management’s estimates 
of future demand.  See note 7 for discussion of the current year write-down of inventory. 

Income taxes     The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for future income taxes whereby  deferred income tax assets and 
liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the accounting basis and the tax basis of the assets and liabilities, and are measured 
using substantively  enacted  tax  rates  and  laws  expected  to  apply when  these  differences  reverse.   As  a  result,  a  projection  of taxable  income is 
required for those years, as well as an assumption of the ultimate recovery/settlement period for the temporary differences.   

The  business  and  operations  of  the  Company  are  complex  and  the  Company  has  executed  a  number  of  significant  financings,  reorganizations, 
acquisitions and other material transactions over the course of its history.  The computation of income taxes payable as a result of these transactions 
involves many  complex  factors  as  well  as the  Company's interpretation  of  relevant tax  legislation  and  regulations.    The  Company's management 
believes that the provision for income tax is adequate and in accordance with GAAP and applicable legislation and regulations.  However, tax filing 
positions are subject to review by taxation authorities who may successfully challenge the Company's interpretation of the applicable tax legislation 
and regulations. 

Share-based compensation     The Company accounts for share-based compensation using the fair value method of accounting as calculated under 
the Black-Scholes  option  valuation method.   This method for share-based compensation  requires that management make  assumptions  on model 
inputs including forfeiture rate and volatility that could result in material differences if the assumptions were changed.  Management uses historical 
data to make these estimates which are disclosed in note 14 to the audited consolidated financial statements. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 12 

DecSepJunMarDecSepJunMarThree month periods ended20152015201520152014201420142014Revenues24,949$   31,374$   29,679$   50,077$   73,242$   77,376$   56,797$   68,020$   EBITDAS (1)(169)$       3,013$     (1,237)$    5,786$     9,408$     14,347$   6,151$     8,581$     EBITDAS (1) per share - diluted(0.00)$      0.08$       (0.03)$      0.16$       0.26$       0.40$       0.17$       0.24$       Net earnings (loss)(16,348)$  (3,004)$    (15,266)$  (724)$       1,776$     5,805$     253$        2,449$     Net earnings (loss) per share - basic and diluted(0.45)$      (0.08)$      (0.42)$      (0.02)$      0.05$       0.16$       0.01$       0.07$       Dividends declared per share-$         0.04$       0.04$       0.04$       0.0825$   0.0825$   0.0825$   0.0825$   (1) Refer to MD&A: see "NON-GAAP MEASURMENTS" 
 
FUTURE ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

A number of new accounting standards, amendments to accounting standards and interpretations are effective for annual periods beginning on or 
after January 1, 2015 and have not been applied in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. The 
standards applicable to the Company are as follows and will be adopted on their respective effective dates: 

(i)  Revenue Recognition 

On May 28, 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers” (“IFRS 15”) replacing International Accounting 
Standard  11,  “Construction  Contracts”  (“IAS  11”),  IAS  18,  “Revenue”  (“IAS  18”),  and  several  revenue-related  interpretations.  IFRS  15 
establishes a single revenue recognition framework that applies to contracts with customers. The standard requires an entity  to recognize 
revenue  to  reflect  the  transfer  of goods  and services for the  amount  it  expects  to  receive,  when  control  is  transferred to  the  purchaser. 
Disclosure requirements have also been expanded. 

The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, with earlier adoption permitted. The standard may 
be applied retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting IFRS 15 
on the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

(ii)  Financial Instruments 

On July 24, 2014, the IASB issued the final version of IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments” (“IFRS 9”) to replace IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: 
Recognition and Measurement” (“IAS 39”). 

IFRS 9 introduces a single approach to determine whether a financial asset is measured at amortized cost or fair value and replaces the 
multiple rules in IAS 39. The approach is based on how an entity manages its financial instruments in the context of its business model and 
the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets. For financial liabilities, IFRS 9 retains most of the IAS 39 requirements; 
however, where the fair value option is applied to financial liabilities, the change in fair value resulting from an entity’s own credit risk is 
recorded in OCI rather than net earnings, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. In addition, a new expected credit loss model for 
calculating impairment on financial assets replaces the incurred loss impairment model used in IAS 39. The new model will result in more 
timely recognition of expected credit losses. IFRS 9 also includes a simplified hedge accounting model, aligning hedge accounting more 
closely with risk management. Cathedral does not currently apply hedge accounting. 

IFRS 9 is effective for years beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted if IFRS 9 is adopted in its entirety at the 
beginning of a fiscal period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting IFRS 9 on the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

(iii)  Leases 

In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 Leases which provides a single lease accounting model for lessees, which require the recognition 
of most leases as finance leases on the balance sheet. 

This  will  result  in  the  recognition of  a lease  liability  and  a corresponding  recognition  of  a  leased  asset called  right-of-use  asset. On the 
statement of net earnings and comprehensive income, lease expense will be recognized and will consist of two components, depreciation 
expense of the right-of-use asset and interest expense related to the lease liability. Finance lease exemptions exist for short-term leases 
where the term is 12 months or less and for leases of low value items. 

For lessors, the accounting treatment remains the same which provides a lessor the choice  of classifying a lease as either a finance or 
operating lease. IFRS 16 comes into effect on January 1, 2019.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting IFRS 16 on 
the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

In order to ensure that information with regard to reports filed or submitted under securities legislation present fairly in all material respect the financial 
information  of  the  Company,  management  including  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  ("CEO")  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  ("CFO")  are  responsible  for 
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures, as well as internal controls over financial reporting based upon The Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). 

Disclosure controls and procedures     The Company's disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that 
information required to be disclosed by the Company is reported within the time periods specified under securities laws, and  include controls and 
procedures that are designed to ensure that information is communicated to management of the Company, including the CEO and CFO, to allow 
timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined 
in Multilateral Instrument 52-109, Certification of Disclosure in Issuers' Annual Financial and Interim Filings) was conducted as at December 31, 2015.  
Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO of Cathedral have concluded that the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and 
procedures were effective as at December 31, 2015. 

Internal controls over financial reporting     Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial 
reporting  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external 
purposes in accordance with GAAP.  The CEO and CFO have designed or have caused such internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in 
Multilateral Instrument 52-109, Certification of Disclosure in Issuers' Annual Financial and Interim Filings) to be designed under their supervision to 
provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  preparation  of  the  Company's  financial  statements  for  external 
purposes  in  accordance  with  GAAP.    In  addition,  the  CEO  and  CFO  directed  the  assessment  of  the  design  and  operating  effectiveness  of  the 
Company's internal controls over financial reporting as at December 31, 2015 and based upon that assessment determined that the Company's internal 
controls over financial reporting were, in all material respects, appropriately designed and operating effectively. 

Management of the Company believe that "cost effective" disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, no matter 
how well conceived or implemented, can only provide reasonable assurance, and not absolute assurance, that the objective of controls and procedures 
are met.  Because of inherent limitations, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting may not prevent errors or 
fraud.     

There has been no change in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2015 that has materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.  

RISK FACTORS 

Demand for the services provided by Cathedral is directly impacted by the prices that Cathedral's customers 
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Prices 
receive for the crude oil and natural gas they produce and the prices received have a direct correlation to the cash flow available to invest in drilling 
activity and other oilfield services.  The markets for oil and natural gas are separate and distinct and are largely driven by supply and demand factors.  

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 13 

 
Oil is a global commodity with a vast distribution network.  As natural gas is most economically transported in its gaseous state via pipeline, its market 
is dependent on pipeline infrastructure and is subject to regional supply and demand factors.  However, recent developments in the transportation of 
liquefied natural gas ("LNG") in ocean going tanker ships have introduced an element of globalization to the natural gas market.  Crude oil and natural 
gas prices are quite volatile, which accounts for much of the cyclical nature of the oilfield services business.  

Prices for oil and natural gas are subject to large fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for oil and natural 
gas, market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors beyond the control of Cathedral. These factors include economic conditions in the U.S. and 
Canada, the actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC"), governmental regulation, political stability in the Middle East and 
elsewhere, the foreign supply of oil and natural gas, risks of supply disruption, the price of foreign imports and the availability of alternative fuel sources. 
In addition to pricing determined based on worldwide or North American supply and demand factors, there are a number of regional factors that also 
influence pricing such as transportation capacity, oil and natural gas physical properties and local supply and demand.  Petroleum prices are expected 
to remain volatile for the near future as a result of market uncertainties over the supply and the demand of these commodities due to the current state 
of the world economies, OPEC actions and the ongoing credit and liquidity concerns.  

World crude oil prices and North American natural gas prices, including LNG, are not subject to control by Cathedral.  With that in mind, Cathedral 
attempts to partially manage this risk by way of maintaining a low cost structure and a variable cost structure that can be adjusted to reflect activity 
levels.  A significant portion of Cathedral's fieldwork is performed by sub-contractors and staff paid on a day rate or hourly basis which allows us to 
operate with lower fixed overhead costs in seasonally low activity periods as well as extended downturns in the oilfield services sector.  In addition, 
Cathedral also strives to continuously improve its operational efficiencies and reduce the cost of the equipment it deploys.   

Take Away Capacity for Cathedral's Customers  
Cathedral's customers rely on various transportation methods to deliver the produced oil 
and natural gas to the end market including: pipelines, truck and railway.  If such take away capacity becomes full and incremental capacity is not 
added, the production of hydrocarbons may be impacted and certain wells may be shut in. This could have a material adverse effect on Cathedral's 
business operations, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the ability to pay dividends to Shareholders. 

Alternatives to and Changing Demand for Hydrocarbon Products   
requirements, 
increasing consumer demand for alternatives to oil and natural gas, and technological advances in fuel economy and energy generation devices could 
reduce the demand for crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbons. The Corporation cannot predict the impact of changing demand for oil and natural gas 
products, and any major changes may have a material adverse effect on the Cathedral's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash 
flows and therefore on the dividends declared on the Common Shares. 

Fuel  conservation  measures,  alternative 

fuel 

Cash Dividends to Shareholders are Dependent on the Performance of Cathedral 
to 
Shareholders is dependent upon the operations and business of Cathedral.  In November 2015, The Board made the decision to suspend the payment 
of  the  Corporation's  quarterly  dividend  until  industry  conditions  improve  (see  "Dividend  Policy")  and  there  is  no  assurance  that  dividends  will  be 
declared at all in the future and, if declared, there is no assurance regarding the amounts of cash that may be available from Cathedral's operations 
and business that could be available to fund such future dividends.  The actual amount of any dividends will depend on a variety of factors, including 
without limitation, the current performance, historical and future trends in the business, the expected sustainability of those trends and enacted tax 
legislation which will affect future taxes payable as well as required long-term debt repayments, maintenance capital expenditures required to sustain 
performance, future growth capital expenditures, effect of acquisitions or dispositions on Cathedral's business, compliance with debt covenants and 
other factors that may be beyond the control of Cathedral or not anticipated by management of Cathedral.   

to  make  dividend  payments 

Cathedral's  ability 

Cathedral's dividend policy is subject to change at the  discretion of its Board of Directors.  In addition, Cathedral's credit facility covenants include 
certain restrictions on the payment of cash dividends without the consent of the lenders in certain circumstances. See "Dividend Policy" herein. 

Performance of Obligations   
The Corporation's success depends in large part on whether it fulfills its obligations with clients and maintains 
client satisfaction. If Cathedral fails to satisfactorily perform its obligations, or makes professional errors in the services that it provides, its clients could 
terminate working relationships, including master service agreements, exposing Cathedral to loss of its professional reputation and risk of loss or 
reduced profits, or in some cases, the loss of a project and claims by customers for damages.  Typically, Cathedral's master service agreements do 
not contain any guaranteed payments and are cancellable on 30 or less days notice. 

Access to Capital  The credit facilities of Cathedral contain covenants that require it to meet certain financial tests and that restrict, among other 
things, the ability of Cathedral to incur additional debt, make significant acquisitions, dispose of assets or pay dividends in certain circumstances.  To 
the extent the cash flow from operations is not adequate to fund Cathedral's cash requirements external financing may be required.  Lack of timely 
access to such additional financing, or which may not be on favorable terms, could limit the future growth of the business of Cathedral and, potentially 
have a material adverse effect on the amount of cash available for dividends.  To the extent that external sources of capital, including public and 
private markets, become limited or unavailable, Cathedral's ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain or expand its current business 
and to make necessary principal payments under its credit facility may be impaired. 

Forward-looking Information May Prove Inaccurate 
Numerous  statements  containing  forward-looking  information  are  found  in  this  AIF, 
documents  incorporated  by  reference  herein  and  other  documents  forming  part  of  Cathedral's  public  disclosure  record.    Such  statements  and 
information are subject to risks and uncertainties and involve certain assumptions, some, but not all, of which are discussed elsewhere in this document.  
The occurrence or non-occurrence, as the case may be, of any of the events described in such risks could cause actual results to differ materially from 
those expressed in the forward-looking information. 

Interest Rates 
facility, it is at risk of rising interest rates. Management continually monitors interest rates and would consider locking in the rate of its term debt.  

Cathedral's current credit facility bears interest at a floating interest rate and, therefore, to the extent Cathedral borrows under this 

Debt Service 
Cathedral has a three year committed extendible revolving credit facility with a syndicate of lenders consisting of The Bank  of 
Nova Scotia and National Bank of Canada in the amount of $45,000 with a maturity date of August 8, 2017.  Although it is believed that the credit 
facility and amendments thereto is sufficient, there can be no assurance that the amount will be adequate for the financial obligations of Cathedral.  
As  well,  if  Cathedral  requires  additional  financing  such  financing  may  not  be  available  or,  if  available,  may  not  be  available  on  favorable  terms.  
Cathedral's lenders have been provided with security over substantially all of the assets of Cathedral.  There is no assurance that the existing credit 
facility will be extended beyond its maturity date.  

 In light of the current volatility in oil and gas prices and uncertainty regarding the timing for recovery in such prices, management's ability to prepare 
financial forecasts is challenging.  As a consequence there is a risk that the Corporation could temporarily breach the covenants included in its credit 
facility, as amended, in 2016 or 2017. If the Corporation does temporarily breach these covenants, the secured revolving term loan could become due 
and payable on demand. 

Additional Shares   
Common Shares, existing shareholders may suffer significant dilution. 

If the Board of Cathedral decides to issue additional Common Shares, Preferred Shares or securities convertible into 

Unpredictability and Volatility of Share Price  The  prices  at  which  the  Common  Shares  trade  cannot  be  predicted.  The  market  price  of  the 
Common Shares could be subject to significant fluctuations in response to variations in quarterly operating results and other factors. The annual yield 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 14 

 
on the Common Shares as compared to the annual yield on other financial instruments may also influence the price of Common Shares in the public 
trading markets. An increase in prevailing interest rates will result in higher yield on other financial instruments, which could adversely affect the market 
price of the Common Shares.  The market price of the Common Shares may also be impacted by other factors including the net asset value of our 
assets which will vary from time to time depending on factors beyond our control. 

In addition, the securities markets have experienced significant market wide and sectorial price and volume fluctuations from time to time that often 
have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular issuers. Such fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of 
the Common Shares. 

Income Tax Matters 
The business and operations of Cathedral are complex and Cathedral and its predecessors have executed a number 
of significant financings, reorganizations, acquisitions and other material transactions over the course of its history.  The computation of income taxes 
payable as a result of these transactions involves many complex factors as well as Cathedral's interpretation of relevant tax legislation and regulations.   

Cathedral's management believes that the provision for income tax is adequate and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and 
applicable  legislation  and  regulations.    However,  tax  filing  positions  are  subject  to  review  by  taxation  authorities  who  may  successfully  challenge 
Cathedral's interpretation of the applicable tax legislation and regulations.  It is also possible that tax authorities may retroactively or prospectively 
amend tax legislation or its interpretation, which could affect Cathedral's current and future income taxes. It should be noted that effective July 1, 2015 
the general corporate tax rate in the Province of Alberta was increased from 10% to 12%. 

Key Personnel and Employee/Sub-contractor Relationships 
Shareholders  must  rely  upon  the  ability,  expertise,  judgment,  discretion, 
integrity and good faith of the management of Cathedral.  The success of Cathedral is dependent upon its personnel and key sub-contractors.  The 
unexpected  loss  or  departure  of  any  of  Cathedral's  key  officers,  employees  or  sub-contractors  could  be  detrimental  to  the  future  operations  of 
Cathedral.  Cathedral does not maintain key man insurance on any of its officers.  The success of Cathedral's business will depend, in part, upon 
Cathedral's ability to attract and retain qualified personnel as they are needed.  Additionally, the ability of Cathedral to expand its services is dependent 
upon its ability to attract additional qualified employees.  Historically, Cathedral has not had any significant issues with respect to attracting and the 
retention of quality office, shop and field staff.  During high levels of activity, attracting quality staff can be challenging due to competition for such 
services.  Cathedral provides its staff with a quality working environment, effective training, tools with current technology and competitive remuneration 
packages that allows it to attract and retain the quality of its workforce, whether in the field, shop or office.  There can be no assurance that Cathedral 
will be able to engage the services of such personnel or retain its current personnel.  

Competition 
The  oil  and  natural  gas  service  industry  in  which  Cathedral  and  its  operating  entities  conduct  business  is  highly  competitive.  
Cathedral competes with other more established companies which have greater financial, marketing and other resources and certain of which are 
large international oil and natural gas service companies which offer a wider array of oil and natural gas services to their clients than does Cathedral.  

Because of the time between when a decision is made to build new equipment and the time such new equipment is placed into service, the supply of 
equipment in the industry does not always correlate to the level of demand for that equipment. Periods of high demand often spur increased capital 
expenditures on oilfield service equipment, and those capital expenditures may exceed actual demand. At any time there may be an excess of certain 
classes of oilfield service equipment in North America in relation to current levels of demand. This capital overbuild could cause competitors to lower 
their rates and could lead to a decrease in rates in the oilfield services industry generally, which could have an adverse effect on revenues, cash flows 
and earnings. 

Access to Parts, Consumables and Technology and Relationships with Key Suppliers 
The ability of Cathedral to compete and expand 
will  be  dependent  on  Cathedral  having  access,  at  a  reasonable  cost,  to  equipment,  parts  and  components  for  purchased  equipment  for  the 
development and acquisition of new competitive technologies.  An inability to access these items and delays in accessing these items could have a 
material adverse effect on Cathedral's business, financial condition, results of operations  and cash flow and therefore on Cathedral's ability to pay 
dividends in the future.  Cathedral's equipment may become obsolete or experience a decrease in demand due to competing products that are lower 
in cost, have enhanced performance capabilities or are determined by the market to be more preferable for environmental or other reasons.  Although 
Cathedral  has  very  good  relationships  with its key suppliers,  there  can  be  no  assurances that  those  sources  of  equipment,  parts, components  or 
relationships with key suppliers will be maintained.  If these are not maintained, Cathedral's ability to compete may be impaired.  If the relationships 
with key suppliers come to an end, the availability and cost of securing certain parts, components and equipment may be adversely affected. 

Technology 
The success and ability of Cathedral to compete depends in part on the technologies that it brings to the market, and the ability 
of Cathedral to prevent others from copying such technologies. Cathedral currently relies on industry confidentiality practices ("trade secrets"), including 
entering  into  industry  standard  confidentiality  agreements  and  in  some  cases  patents  (or  patents  pending)  to  protect  its  proprietary  technology. 
Cathedral may have to engage in litigation in order to protect its intellectual property rights, including patents or patents pending, or to determine the 
validity or scope of the proprietary rights of itself or others. This kind of litigation can be time-consuming and expensive, regardless of whether or not 
Cathedral is successful. 

Despite efforts of Cathedral, the intellectual property rights of Cathedral may be invalidated, circumvented, challenged, infringed or required to be 
licensed to others. It cannot be assured that any steps Cathedral may take to protect its intellectual property rights and other rights to such proprietary 
technologies that are central to Cathedral's operations will prevent misappropriation or infringement. 

Cathedral competes with other more established companies which have greater financial resources to develop new technologies. Competitors may 
also develop similar tools, equipment and technology to Cathedral's thereby adversely affecting Cathedral's competitive advantage in one or more of 
its businesses. Additionally, there can be no assurance that certain tools, equipment or technology developed by Cathedral may not be the subject of 
future patent infringement claims or other similar matters which could result in litigation, the requirement to pay licensing fees or other results that 
could have a material adverse effect on Cathedral's business, results of operations and financial condition. 

Potential Replacement or Reduced Use of Products and Services   
Certain of Cathedral's equipment or systems may become obsolete 
or  experience  a  decrease  in  demand  through  the  introduction  of  competing  products  that  are  lower  in  cost,  exhibit  enhanced  performance 
characteristics or are determined by the market to be more preferable for environmental or other reasons. Cathedral will need to keep current with the 
changing market for oil and natural gas services and technological and regulatory changes. If Cathedral fails to do so, this  could have a material 
adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Operating Risks and Insurance 
Cathedral  has  an  insurance  and  risk  management  plan  in  place  to  protect  its  assets,  operations  and 
employees.    However,  Cathedral's  oilfield  services  are  subject  to  risks  inherent  in  the  oil  and  natural  gas  industry,  such  as  equipment  defects, 
malfunctions, failure, natural disasters and errors by staff, some of which may not be covered by insurance.  These risks could expose Cathedral to 
substantial liability for personal injury, loss of life, business interruption, property damage or destruction, pollution and other environmental damages. 
Cathedral attempts to obtain indemnification from our customers by contract for some of these risks in addition to having insurance coverage.  These 
indemnification  agreements  may  not  adequately  protect  against  liability  from  all  of  the  consequences  described  above.  In  addition,  Cathedral's 
operating activities includes a significant amount of transportation and therefore is subject to the inherent risks including potential liability which could 
result from, among other things, personal injury, loss of life or property damage derived from motor vehicle accidents.  Cathedral carries insurance to 
provide  protection  in  the  event  of  destruction  or  damage  to  its  property  and  equipment,  subject  to  appropriate  deductibles  and  the  availability  of 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 15 

 
coverage.  Liability insurance is also maintained at prudent levels to limit exposure to unforeseen incidents.  An annual review of insurance coverage 
is completed to assess the risk of loss and risk mitigation alternatives.  It is anticipated that insurance coverage will be maintained in the future, but 
there can be no assurance that such insurance coverage will be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms or be available on terms as 
favorable as Cathedral's current arrangements.  The occurrence of a significant event outside of the coverage of Cathedral's insurance policies could 
have a material adverse effect on the results of the Corporation. If there is an event that is not fully insured or indemnified against, or a customer or 
insurer does not meet its indemnification or insurance obligations, it could result in substantial losses.   

Business continuity, disaster recovery and crisis management 
Inability to restore or replace critical capacity in a timely manner may 
impact business and operations. A serious event could have a material adverse effect on Cathedral's business, results of operations and financial 
condition.  This  risk  is  mitigated  by  the  development  of  business  continuity  arrangements,  including  disaster  recovery  plans  and  back-up  delivery 
systems, to minimize any business disruption in the event of a major disaster. Insurance coverage may minimize any losses in certain circumstances. 

Cathedral may conduct a portion of its business outside North America through a number of means including 
Risks of Foreign Operations  
projects, joint ventures and partnerships and other business relationships.  As such, Cathedral could be exposed to risks inherent in foreign operations 
including, but not limited to: loss of revenue, property and equipment as a result of expropriation and nationalization, war, civil and/or labour  unrest, 
strikes, terrorist threats, civil insurrection and other political risks; fluctuations in foreign currency and exchange controls; increases in duties, taxes 
and governmental royalties and renegotiation of contracts with governmental entities; trade and other economic sanctions or other restrictions imposed 
by the Canadian government or other governments or organizations; as well as changes in laws and policies governing operations of foreign‐based 
companies. 

Carrying  on  business  outside  of  Canada  gives  rise  to  the  risk  of  dealing  with  business  and  political  systems  that  are  different  than  Cathedral  is 
accustomed to in Canada. 

Cathedral made the decision to terminate its pursuit of operations in Venezuela in 2014 which were provided through a joint venture with a 
wholly-owned  subsidiary  of  PDVSA,  the  state-owned  oil  and  natural  gas  corporation  of  the  Bolivarian  Republic  of  Venezuela.  The  joint  venture 
company, Vencana, was owned 60% by the PDVSA wholly-owned subsidiary and 40% by Cathedral's wholly-owned subsidiary, DPI. On February 29, 
2016, Cathedral announced it had closed the sale of its Venezuelan investment by way of selling its wholly-owned Barbados subsidiary, DPI.  

A  significant  portion  of  Cathedral's  operations  are  carried  on  in  western  Canada  where  activity  levels  in  the  oilfield 
Weather and Seasonality 
services industry are subject to a degree of seasonality.  Operating activities in western Canada are generally lower during  "spring breakup" which 
normally commences in mid to late March and continues through to May.  Operating activities generally increase in the fall and peak in the winter 
months from December until late March.  Additionally, volatility in the weather and temperatures not only during this period, but year round, can create 
additional unpredictability in operational results.   Activity levels in the oil and natural gas basins in the U.S. are not subject to the seasonality to the 
same extent that it occurs in the western Canada region.  

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates  Cathedral derives revenues from the U.S. which are denominated in the local currency.  This causes a degree 
of  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  risk  which  Cathedral  attempts  to  mitigate  by  matching  local  purchases  in  the  same  currency.    Furthermore, 
Cathedral's Canadian operations are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk in that some purchases for parts, supplies and components in the 
manufacture of equipment are denominated in U.S. dollars.  Cathedral's foreign currency policy is to monitor foreign current risk exposure in its areas 
of  operations  and  mitigate  that  risk  where  possible  by  matching  foreign  currency  denominated  expense  with  revenues  denominated  in  foreign 
currencies.  Cathedral strives to maintain limited amounts of cash and  cash equivalents denominated in foreign currency on hand and attempts to 
further limit its exposure to foreign currency through collecting and paying foreign currency denominated balance in a timely fashion. 

In addition, Cathedral is exposed to currency exchange risk on those of its assets denominated in U.S. dollars.  Since Cathedral presents its financial 
statements in Canadian dollars, any change in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar, during a given financial reporting period 
would result in a foreign currency loss or gain on the translation of its assets measured in other currencies into Canadian dollars.  Consequently, 
Cathedral's reported earnings could fluctuate materially as a result of foreign exchange translation gains or losses.  Other than natural hedges arising 
from the normal course of business in foreign jurisdictions, Cathedral does not currently have any hedging positions. 

Acquisition Risks  Cathedral  expects  to  continue  to  selectively  seek  strategic  acquisitions.  Cathedral's  ability  to  consummate  and  to  integrate 
effectively any future acquisitions on terms that are favourable to it may be limited by the number of attractive acquisition targets, internal demands on 
Cathedral's  resources,  and  to  the  extent  necessary,  Cathedral's  ability  to  obtain  financing  on  satisfactory  terms  for  larger  acquisitions,  if  at  all. 
Acquisitions may expose Cathedral to additional risks, including: difficulties in integrating administrative, financial reporting, operational and information 
systems  and  managing  newly-acquired  operations  and  improving  their  operating  efficiency;  difficulties  in  maintaining  uniform  standards,  controls, 
procedures and policies through all of Cathedral's operations; entry into markets in which Cathedral has little or no direct prior experience; difficulties 
in retaining key employees of the acquired operations; disruptions to Cathedral's ongoing business; and diversion of management time and resources. 

In  implementing  its  strategy,  Cathedral  may  pursue  new  business  or  growth  opportunities.  There  is  no 
Business Development Risks 
assurance that Cathedral will be successful in executing those opportunities.  Cathedral may have difficulty executing the its strategy because of, 
among other things, increased competition, difficulty entering new markets or geographies, difficulties in introducing new products, the ability to attract 
qualified personnel, barriers to entry into geographic markets, and changes in regulatory requirements.  

Credit Risk 
All of Cathedral's accounts receivables are with customers involved in the oil and natural gas industry, whose revenue may be 
impacted by fluctuations in commodity prices.  Although collection of these receivables could be influenced by economic factors affecting this industry 
and thereby have a materially adverse effect on operations, management considers risk of significant loss to be minimal at this time. To mitigate this 
risk, Cathedral's customers are subject to an internal credit review along with ongoing monitoring of the amount and age of receivables balances 
outstanding. 

Reliance on Major Customers 
Management of Cathedral believes it currently has a good mix of customers with two customers accounting 
for revenues in excess of 10% (one customer at 12% and another at 10% of Cathedral's consolidated revenues for 2015) (2014 – a different customer 
at 12%).  While Cathedral believes that its relationship with existing customers is good, the loss of any one or more of these customers, or a significant 
reduction in business done with Cathedral by one or more of these customers, if not offset by sales to new or existing customers, could have a material 
adverse effect on Cathedral's business, results of operations and prospects and therefore on the ability to pay dividends to Shareholders in the future.  
Mergers and acquisitions activity in the oil and natural gas exploration and production sector can impact demand for our services as customers focus 
on internal reorganization prior to committing funds to significant oilfield services.  In addition, demand for Cathedral's services could be negatively 
affected in that upon completion, the merger and acquisitions customers may re-direct their work to Cathedral's competitors. 

Environmental Risks 
Cathedral is subject to various environmental laws and regulations enacted in the jurisdictions in which it operates which 
govern the manufacture, processing, importation, transportation, handling and disposal of certain materials used in Cathedral's operations.  Cathedral 
has established procedures to address compliance with current environmental laws and regulations and monitors its practices concerning the handling 
of  environmentally  hazardous  materials.    However,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  Cathedral's  procedures  will  prevent  environmental  damage 
occurring from spills of materials handled by Cathedral or that such damage has not already occurred.  On occasion, substantial liabilities to third 
parties may be incurred.  Cathedral may have the benefit of insurance maintained by it or the operator; however Cathedral may become liable for 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 16 

 
 
damages against which it cannot adequately insure or against which it may elect not to insure because of high costs or other reasons.  

There  is  growing  concern  about  the  apparent  connection  between  the  burning  of  fossil  fuels  and  climate  change.    The  issue  of  energy  and  the 
environment has created intense public debate in Canada, the U.S. and around the world in recent years that is likely to continue for the foreseeable 
future and could potentially have a significant impact on all aspects of the economy including the demand for hydrocarbons and resulting in lower 
demand for Cathedral's services.  There can be no assurance that the provincial, state and local governments or the Federal Governments of Canada 
and U.S. and other jurisdictions in which Cathedral enters into to provide its services will not adopt new environmental regulations, rules or legislation 
or  make  modifications  to  existing  regulations,  rules  or  legislation  which  could  increase  costs  paid  by  Cathedral's  customers.    An  increase  in 
environmental  related  costs  could  reduce  Cathedral's  customers'  earnings  and/or  it  could  make  capital  expenditures  by  Cathedral's  customers 
uneconomic.   

The Canadian Federal Government previously announced its intention to regulate greenhouse gases ("GHG") and other air pollutants.  In December 
2015 the Government signed the Paris Agreement on climate change, committing to hold "the increase in the global average temperature to well below 
2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels." The Paris Agreement has 
yet to be ratified in Canada; however, the Government is in the process of developing a framework that outlines its clean air and climate change action 
plan and it is possible that a nation-wide plan will be developed and adopted in the near future.   

 On November 22, 2015 the Government of Alberta released its Climate Leadership Plan ("Climate Plan").  Under the Climate Plan the Government 
of Alberta will, among other things: (i) phase out coal-burning electricity production and transition to more renewable energy and natural gas electricity 
generation by 2030; (ii) implement an Alberta economy-wide price on GHG emissions of $20 per tonne in January 2017, and $30 per tonne in January 
2018; (iii) limit overall oil sands emissions to 100 megatonnes per year; and (iv) reduce methane emissions from oil and gas operations by 45% from 
2014 levels by 2025.  

As a result of the federal program still being under development, and the lack of substantive details regarding the implementation of the Climate Plan, 
Cathedral is unable to predict the total impact of the potential and forthcoming regulations upon its business.  Cathedral's customers may face increases 
in operating costs in order to comply  with legislation which could have the effect of curtailing exploration and development by oil and natural gas 
producers and that in turn, could adversely affect Cathedral's operations by reducing demand for its services.  

Government Regulation 
The oil and natural gas industry in Canada and the U.S. is subject to federal, provincial, state and municipal legislation 
and regulation governing such matters as land tenure, commodity prices, production royalties, production rates, environmental protection controls, the 
exportation of crude oil, natural gas and other products, as well as other matters.  The industry is also subject to regulation by governments in such 
matters, including laws and regulations relating to health and safety, the conduct of operations, the protection of the environment and the manufacture, 
management, transportation, storage and disposal of certain materials used in Cathedral's operations.  

Government regulations may change from time to time in response to economic or political conditions.  The exercise of discretion by governmental 
authorities  under  existing  regulations,  the  implementation  of  new  regulations  or the modification  of existing  regulations  affecting the crude  oil  and 
natural gas industry could reduce demand for Cathedral's services or increase its costs, either of which could have a material adverse impact on 
Cathedral.  

There can be no assurance that the provincial, state and local governments or the Federal Governments of Canada and U.S. and other jurisdictions 
in which Cathedral enters into to provide its services will not adopt a new royalty regime or modify the methodology of royalty calculation which could 
increase the royalties paid by Cathedral's customers.  An increase in royalties could reduce Cathedral's customers' earnings and/or it could make 
capital expenditures by Cathedral's customers uneconomic.  Although Cathedral is not a direct investor in the oil and natural gas market, it does affect 
Cathedral's customers' cash flow available to invest in drilling activity and other oilfield services. 

On January 29, 2016 the Government of Alberta released the Royalty Review Advisory Panel Report (the “Report”). The Report recommends making 
changes to the royalties framework for oil and gas wells drilled starting in 2017, while preserving existing royalties for wells drilled before 2017 (for a 
period of 10 years) and for oil sands production.  The recommendations provided by the Report have been accepted by the Government of Alberta, 
which will begin adopting and putting them into effect in the spring of 2016.  Although any resulting changes in the Albertan royalty framework are not 
anticipated to materially impact Cathedral’s operations, some uncertainty still remains regarding the actual implementation of the recommendations. 

Safety Performance 
Cathedral has programs in place to address compliance with current safety and regulatory standards.  Cathedral has a 
corporate safety manager responsible for maintaining and developing policies and monitoring operations consistent with those policies.  Poor safety 
performance could lead to lower demand for Cathedral's services.  Standards for accident prevention in the oil and natural gas industry are governed 
by  company  safety  policies  and  procedures,  accepted  industry  safety  practices,  customer-specific  safety  requirements,  and  health  and  safety 
legislation. Safety is a key factor that customers consider when selecting an oilfield service company. A decline in Cathedral's safety performance 
could result in lower demand for services, and this could have a material adverse effect on revenues, cash flows and earnings. Cathedral is subject to 
various health and safety laws, rules, legislation and guidelines which can impose material liability, increase costs or lead to lower demand for services. 

Conflict of Interest  
Certain directors and officers of Cathedral are also directors and/or officers of oil and natural gas exploration and/or 
production entities and conflicts of interest may arise between their duties as officers and directors of Cathedral and as officers and directors of such 
other companies.  Such conflicts must be disclosed in accordance with, and are subject to such other procedures and remedies  as apply under the 
ABCA. 

Legal Proceedings  
proceedings or that the ultimate resolution of any legal proceedings will not have a materially adverse effect on Cathedral. 

Cathedral is involved in litigation from time to time.  No assurance can be given as to the final outcome of any legal 

GOVERNANCE 

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has reviewed this MD&A and the related audited consolidated financial statements and recommended 
they be approved by the Board of Directors.  Following a review by the full Board, the MD&A and audited consolidated financial statements were 
approved. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 

Additional information regarding the Company, including the Annual Information Form ("AIF"), is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

NON-GAAP MEASUREMENTS 

Cathedral uses certain performance measures throughout this document that are not defined under GAAP. Management believes that these measures 
provide  supplemental  financial information that  is  useful  in  the  evaluation  of  Cathedral’s  operations and  are  commonly  used  by  other  oil  and  gas 
service companies. Investors should be cautioned, however, that these measures should not be construed as alternatives to measures determined in 
accordance with GAAP as an indicator of Cathedral’s performance. Cathedral’s method of calculating these measures may differ from that of other 
organizations, and accordingly, may not be comparable. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 17 

 
The specific measures being referred to include the following: 

"Adjusted gross margin" - calculated as gross margin plus non-cash items (depreciation and share-based compensation); is considered a primary 

i) 
indicator of operating performance (see tabular calculation); 

"Adjusted gross margin %" - calculated as adjusted gross margin divided by revenues; is considered a primary indicator of operating performance 

ii) 
(see tabular calculation); 

iii) 
"Adjusted EBITDAS" - defined as earnings before share of income/loss from associate, write-down/recovery on investment in associate finance 
costs, unrealized foreign exchange on intercompany balances, unrealized foreign exchange due to hyper-inflation accounting, taxes, non-recurring 
gains and losses on disposal of property and equipment (see non-GAAP measurement), depreciation, write-down of goodwill, write-down of property 
and equipment, write-down of inventory and share-based compensation; is considered an indicator of the Company's ability to generate funds flow 
from operations prior to consideration of how activities are financed, how the results are taxed  and measured and non-cash expenses (see tabular 
calculation);  

iv) 
"Funds from operations" - calculated as cash provided by operating activities before changes in non-cash working capital and income taxes paid 
less current tax expense; is considered an indicator of the Company's ability to generate funds flow from operations on an after tax basis but excluding 
changes in non-cash working capital which is financed using the Company's operating loan (see tabular calculation); 

v) 
“Growth  property  and  equipment  additions”  or  “Growth  capital”  –  is  capital  spending  which  is  intended  to  result  in  incremental  revenues  or 
decreased operating costs.  Growth capital is considered to be a key measure as it represents the total expenditures on property and equipment 
expected to add incremental revenues and funds flow to the Company; 

vi) 
“Maintenance property and equipment additions” or “Maintenance capital” – is capital spending incurred in order to refurbish or replace previously 
acquired  other  than  “replacement  property  and  equipment  additions”  described  below.  Such  additions  do  not  provide  incremental  revenues. 
Maintenance capital is a key component in understanding the sustainability of the Company’s business as cash resources retained within Cathedral 
must be sufficient to meet maintenance capital needs to replenish the assets for future cash generation; 

vii) 
“Replacement property and equipment additions” or “Replacement capital” – is capital spending incurred in order to replace equipment that is 
lost downhole.  Cathedral recovers lost-in-hole costs including previously expensed depreciation on the related assets from customers.  Such additions 
do not provide incremental revenues.  The identification of replacement property and equipment additions is considered important as such additions 
are  financed  by  way  of  proceeds  on  disposal  of  property  and  equipment  (see  discussion  within  the  MD&A  on  “gain  on  disposal  of  property  and 
equipment); 

viii)  “Infrastructure  property  and  equipment  additions”  or  “Infrastructure  capital”  –  is  capital  spending  incurred  on  land,  buildings  and  leasehold 
improvements. Infrastructure capital is a component in understanding the sustainability of the Company’s business as cash resources retained within 
Cathedral must be sufficient to meet maintenance capital needs; 

ix) 
“Non-recurring gains and losses on disposal of property and equipment” – are disposals of property and equipment that do not occur on a regular 
or periodic basis.  Unlike the lost-in-hole recoveries the proceeds from these gains are not used on equivalent replacement property.  These are often 
on non-field equipment such as land and buildings; 

x) 
“Net property and equipment additions” – is property and equipment additions expenditures less proceeds on the regular disposal of property 
and equipment (the proceeds on sale of land and buildings have been excluded).  Cathedral uses net property and equipment additions to assess net 
cash flows related to the financing of Cathedral’s property and equipment additions; and 

xi) 

“Net debt” – is loans and borrowing less working capital.  Management uses net debt as a metric to shows the Company's overall debt level. 

The following tables provide reconciliations from GAAP measurements to non-GAAP measurements referred to in this MD&A: 

Adjusted gross margin 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 18 

Three months ended December 31Year ended December 312015201420152014Gross margin(1,091)$              9,733$                3,014$                40,085$              Add non-cash items included in cost of sales:Depreciation5,357                  5,231                  20,566                19,373                Share-based compensation17                       19                       59                       112                     Adjusted gross margin4,283$                14,983$              23,639$              59,570$              Adjusted gross margin %17.2%20.5%17.4%21.6% 
EBITDAS 

Funds from operations 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 19 

Three months ended December 31Year ended December 312015201420152014Earnings (loss) before income taxes(14,262)$            3,063$                (32,087)$             14,970$              Add:Depreciation included in cost of sales5,357                  5,231                  20,566                19,373                Depreciation included in selling, general and administrative expenses46                       76                       179                     280                     Share-based compensation included in cost of sales17                       19                       59                       112                     Share-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expenses46                       45                       150                     200                     Finance costs386                     699                     1,664                  2,563                  EBITDAS(8,410)                9,133                  (9,469)                 37,498                Unrealized foreign exchange loss on intercompany balances1,188                  452                     4,191                  1,166                  Write-down of goodwill-                     -                     5,848                  -                      Write-down of property and equipment3,189                  -                     3,189                  -                      Write-down of inventory3,736                  -                     3,736                  -                      Recovery on investment in associate and related assets-                     (177)                   -                      (177)                    Non-recurring compensation128                     -                     354                     -                      Non-recurring gain on disposal of land and building-                     -                     (456)                    -                      Adjusted EBITDAS(169)$                 9,408$                7,393$                38,487$              Three months ended December 31Year ended December 312015201420152014Cash flow from operating activities1,794$          12,028$        25,931$              36,941$              Add (deduct):Changes in non-cash operating working capital(2,790)           (3,204)           (25,794)              (2,160)                Income taxes paid278               192               3,539                  604                     Current tax recovery (expense)(707)              (621)              734                     (3,271)                Funds from (used in) operations(1,425)$         8,395$          4,410$                32,114$               
 
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the management in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards which 
now  are  the  basis  for  Canadian  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  and,  where  appropriate,  reflect  estimates  based  upon  management's 
judgment.   Financial  information contained  elsewhere  in  the  annual  report  has  been  prepared  on  a  consistent  basis  with  that  in the consolidated 
financial statements. 

Management is also responsible for a system of internal controls which is designed to provide reasonable assurance that the Company's assets are 
safeguarded and accounting systems provide timely, accurate financial reports.  

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has reviewed in detail the consolidated financial statements with management and the external auditor.  
The Board of Directors has approved the consolidated financial statements on the recommendation of the Audit Committee. 

KPMG  LLP,  an  independent  firm  of  chartered  accountants,  have  examined  the  Company's  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and provided an independent professional opinion.  The auditors have full and unrestricted access 
to the Audit Committee to discuss their audit and their related findings as to the integrity of the financial reporting process. 

Signed: "P. Scott MacFarlane"  

P. Scott MacFarlane 

President and Chief Executive Officer 

Signed: "Michael F. Hill" 

Michael F. Hill 

Chief Financial Officer 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT 

To the Shareholders of Cathedral Energy Services Ltd.: 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Cathedral Energy Services Ltd., which comprise the consolidated statements 
of financial position as at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in 
shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory 
information. 

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Management  is  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  these  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  management  determines  is  necessary  to  enable  the  preparation  of  consolidated 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditors’ Responsibility 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance 
with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The 
procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation 
of  the  consolidated  financial statements  in  order to  design  audit  procedures that  are  appropriate  in the  circumstances,  but  not  for the  purpose  of 
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies 
used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  consolidated 
financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. 

Opinion 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Cathedral Energy 
Services Ltd. as at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated  cash flows for the 
years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

Signed: "KPMG LLP" 

Chartered Professional Accountants 

Calgary, Alberta 

March 2, 2016

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 21 

 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
December 31, 2015 and 2014 
Dollars in ‘000s 

Approved by the Directors: 

Signed: "P. Scott MacFarlane" 

Signed: "Rod Maxwell" 

P. Scott MacFarlane 

Director 

Rod Maxwell 

Director

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 22 

December 31December 3120152014AssetsCurrent assets:Cash and cash equivalents (notes 5 and 25)1,426$                5,109$                Trade receivables (note 6)23,107                58,770                Current taxes recoverable 2,962                  -                      Prepaid expenses and deposits1,988                  2,383                  Inventories (note 7)12,092                17,130                Total current assets41,575                83,392                Property and equipment (note 8)108,918              131,877              Intangible assets (note 9)2,006                  1,905                  Deferred tax assets (note 10)3,111                  7,512                  Goodwill (note 9)-                      5,848                  Total non-current assets114,035              147,142              Total assets155,610$            230,534$            Liabilities and Shareholders' EquityCurrent liabilities:Operating loans (note 11)2,484$                1,069$                Trade and other payables (note 12)20,198                35,201                Dividends payable-                      2,994                  Current taxes payable-                      1,232                  Loans and borrowings (note 13)686                     857                     Deferred revenue4,657                  3,904                  Total current liabilities28,025                45,257                Loans and borrowings (note 13)30,477                56,142                Deferred tax liabilities (note 10)501                     767                     Total non-current liabilities30,978                56,909                Total liabilities59,003                102,166              Shareholders' equity:Share capital (note 14)74,481                74,481                Contributed surplus9,470                  9,261                  Accumulated other comprehensive income11,577                3,850                  Retained earnings1,079                  40,776                Total shareholders' equity96,607                128,368              Total liabilities and shareholders' equity155,610$            230,534$            See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) 
Years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 
Dollars in ‘000s except per share amounts 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 23 

December 31December 3120152014Revenues (note 19)136,079$            275,435$            Cost of sales (notes 7 and 16):Direct costs(112,440)             (215,865)             Depreciation(20,566)               (19,373)               Share-based compensation(59)                      (112)                    Total cost of sales(133,065)             (235,350)             Gross margin3,014                  40,085                Selling, general and administrative expenses (note 16):Direct costs(19,780)               (24,470)               Depreciation(179)                    (280)                    Share-based compensation(150)                    (200)                    Total selling, general and administrative expenses(20,109)               (24,950)               (17,095)               15,135                Gain on disposal of property and equipment3,363                  3,102                  Gain on disposal of land and buildings (note 8)456                     -                      Earnings (loss) from operating activities(13,276)               18,237                Write-down of inventory (note 7)(3,736)                 -                      Write-down of property and equipment (note 8)(3,189)                 -                      Write-down of goodwill (note 9)(5,848)                 -                      Recovery on investment in associate and related assets-                      177                     Foreign exchange loss (note 17)(4,374)                 (881)                    Finance costs (note 17)(1,664)                 (2,563)                 Earnings (loss) before income taxes(32,087)               14,970                Income tax recovery (expense) (note 10):Current734                     (3,271)                 Deferred(3,989)                 (1,416)                 Total income tax expense(3,255)                 (4,687)                 Net earnings (loss)(35,342)               10,283                Other comprehensive income:Foreign currency translation differences for foreign    operations7,727                  2,611                  Total comprehensive income (loss)(27,615)$             12,894$              Net earnings (loss) (note 15)Basic(0.97)$                 0.28$                  Diluted(0.97)$                 0.28$                  See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 
Years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 
Dollars in ‘000s except per share amounts 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 24 

AccumulatedotherTotalContributedcomprehensiveRetainedshareholders'Share capitalsurplusincome (loss)earningsequityBalance at December 31, 201373,850$        9,065$          1,239$             42,458$        126,612$       Total comprehensive income for the year ended  December 31, 2014 -                -                2,611               10,283          12,894          Transactions with shareholders, recorded directly in equity contributions by and distributions to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2014:Dividends to equity holders -                -                -                  (11,965)         (11,965)         Share-based compensation-                312               -                  -                312               Share options exercised (note 14)631               (116)              -                  -                515               Total contributions by and distributions to shareholders631               196               -                  (11,965)         (11,138)         Balance at December 31, 201474,481$        9,261$          3,850$             40,776$        128,368$       Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended  December 31, 2015 -                -                7,727               (35,342)         (27,615)         Transactions with shareholders, recorded directly in equity contributions by and distributions to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2015:Dividends to equity holders -                -                -                  (4,355)           (4,355)           Share-based compensation-                209               -                  -                209               Share options exercised (note 14)-                -                -                  -                -                Total contributions by and distributions to shareholders-                209               -                  (4,355)           (4,146)           Balance at December 31, 201574,481$        9,470$          11,577$           1,079$          96,607$        See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
Years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 
Dollars in ‘000s except per share amounts 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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December 31December 3120152014Cash provided by (used in):Operating activities:Net earnings (loss)(35,342)$             10,283$              Items not involving cashDepreciation20,745                19,653                Income tax expense3,255                  4,687                  Unrealized foreign exchange loss on intercompany balances4,191                  1,166                  Finance costs1,664                  2,563                  Share-based compensation209                     312                     Gain on disposal of property and equipment(3,363)                 (3,102)                 Gain on disposal of land and building(456)                    -                      Write-down of goodwill5,848                  -                      Write-down of property and equipment3,189                  -                      Write-down of inventory3,736                  -                      Recovery on investment in associate and related assets-                      (177)                    Cash flow from (used in) continuing operations3,676                  35,385                Changes in non-cash operating working capital (note 18)25,794                2,160                  Income taxes paid(3,539)                 (604)                    Cash flow from operating activities25,931                36,941                Investing activities:Property and equipment additions(6,908)                 (30,763)               Intangible asset additions(289)                    (675)                    Proceeds on disposal of property and equipment4,944                  5,550                  Proceeds on disposal of land and building6,174                  -                      Changes in non-cash investing working capital (note 18)(1,012)                 (632)                    Cash flow from investing activities2,909                  (26,520)               Financing activities:Change in operating loan1,448                  (9,120)                 Interest paid(1,989)                 (2,610)                 Advances of loans and borrowings-                      28,000                Repayments on loans and borrowings(25,626)               (10,673)               Proceeds on exercise of share options-                      515                     Dividends paid(7,350)                 (11,955)               Cash flow from financing activities(33,517)               (5,843)                 Effect of exchange rate on changes in cash and cash equivalents994                     242                     Change in cash and cash equivalents(3,683)                 4,820                  Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year5,109                  289                     Cash and cash equivalents, end of year1,426$                5,109$                See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
Years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 
Dollars in ‘000s except per share amounts 

1.  Reporting entity 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. (the “Company” or “Cathedral”) is a company domiciled in Canada. The Company is a publicly-traded company listed 
on the Toronto Stock Exchange under symbol "CET". The consolidated financial statements of the Company as at and for the year ended December 
31, 2015 comprise the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as “Cathedral”) and it’s associate as listed below: 

Subsidiaries: 

There has been no change in ownership of any subsidiaries in the periods reported on in these financial statements.   

Investment in associate: 

Vencana Servicios Petroleros, S.A. was incorporated on March 1, 2014. 

The Company and INC are primarily involved and engaged in the business of providing selected oilfield services to oil and natural gas companies in 
western Canada and the United States (“U.S.").  In 2014, Cathedral decided to terminate its pursuit of operations in Venezuela.     

2.  Basis of preparation 

(a)  Statement of compliance 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) which 
are  defined  as  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  ("IFRS")  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“IASB”).    The 
consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on March 2, 2016. 

(b)  Basis of measurement 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis. 

(c)  Functional and presentation currency 

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars ("CAD"), which is the Company’s presentation and functional currency.  All 
financial information presented in dollars has been rounded to the nearest thousand except for per share amounts.  

(d)  Use of estimates and judgments 

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  GAAP  requires  management  to  make  judgments,  estimates  and 
assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may 
differ from these estimates.  

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the 
estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. 

Areas which require management to make significant judgment and estimates in determining the amounts recognized in these consolidated financial 
statements include, but are not limited to the following: 

Judgments 

(i)  Current and deferred income taxes 

The  Company  must  make  determinations  on  whether  to  record  amounts  for  various  tax  pools  it  has  available  for  future  use.    In  making  this 
determination, the Company looks at its past history and future expectations to determine what amounts, if any can be recognized.  The Company 
also reviews all tax assessments to determine which assessments it concurs with and will record in its records and which assessments it disputes 
and which it expects to be changed.  If the Company believes the assessment was incorrect, it does not make a provision for a liability in its accounts.  
As such the provisions for current and deferred income taxes are subject to measurement uncertainty. 

(ii) 

Identification of cash generating units (“CGU”) 

In the annual assessment of goodwill, the Company must perform the impairment test at the CGU level, which is defined as the smallest group of 
assets that generates independent cash flow.  Significant judgment is required in this assessment and changes to this assessment could materially 
impact the level at which impairment tests are performed. 

(iii)  Recognition of contingent liabilities 

The determination if a contingent liability requires an accrual in the financial statements or only requires disclosure is an area that requires significant 
judgment.  In making this determination management reviews the specific details of the contingency and may seek professional help if the matter 
is of sufficient complexity.  For items not recorded as contingent liabilities, there is also a determination required if the amount of claim would be 
material, as only material amounts are disclosed in financial statements.  As at December 31, 2015, contingent liabilities are disclosed in note 22.  

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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CountryFunctionalOwnershipof incorporationCurrencyinterestCathedral Energy Services Inc. ("INC")United StatesU.S. dollars100%Directional Plus International Ltd. ("DPI")BarbadosU.S. dollars100%Directional Plus de Venezuela, C.A. ("DPV")VenezuelaVenezuelan bolivars100%CountryFunctionalOwnershipof incorporationCurrencyinterestVencana Servicios Petroleros, S.A. ("Vencana")VenezuelaVenezuelan bolivars40% 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
Estimates 

(i)  Property and equipment 

The  Company  makes  estimates  about  the  residual  value  and  expected  useful  life  of  property  and  equipment.    These  estimates  are  based  on 
management’s historical experience and industry norms.  Expected useful life and depreciation rates are as disclosed in note 3 (d) (iii). 

(ii) 

Impairment of assets 

Goodwill was assessed at least annually or when  circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may exceed the recoverable amount for the 
asset.  Property and equipment and intangibles are assessed for impairment when circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may exceed 
the recoverable amount for the asset.  These calculations require estimates and assumptions and are subject to change as new information becomes 
available.  These estimates include number of years of cash flow available from the assets, growth rates, pre-tax discount rates as well as various 
estimates  and  assumptions  used  in  the  preparation  of  revenues  and  expenses  used  in  the  cash  flow  analysis.    The  assumptions  used  in  the 
impairment test of property and equipment are disclosed in note 9. 

Trade accounts receivable require estimates to be made regarding the financial stability of the Company’s customers and the environment in which 
they operate in order to assess if accounts receivable balances will be received.  Credit risks for outstanding accounts receivable are assessed 
regularly and an allowance for doubtful  accounts is recorded based upon specific customer information and experience as well as for  groups of 
similar assets.  See note 25 “Credit risk” for further details. 

Inventory is reviewed periodically in order to determine if there is obsolescence.  This estimate is based upon historic data and management’s 
estimates of future demand.  The estimates used in the 2015 write-down of inventory are discussed in note 7. 

(iii) 

Income taxes 

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for future income taxes whereby deferred income tax assets and liabilities are 
determined based on temporary differences between the accounting basis and the tax basis of the assets and liabilities, and are measured using 
substantively enacted tax rates and laws expected to apply when these differences reverse.  As a result, a projection of taxable income is required 
for those years, as well as an assumption of the ultimate recovery/settlement period for the temporary differences.   

The business and operations of the Company are complex and the Company has executed a number of significant financings, reorganizations, 
acquisitions and other material transactions over the course of its history.  The computation of income taxes payable as a result of these transactions 
involves many complex factors as well as the Company's interpretation of relevant tax legislation and regulations.  The Company's management 
believes that the provision for income tax is adequate and in accordance with GAAP and applicable legislation and regulations.  However, tax filing 
positions are subject to review by taxation authorities who may successfully challenge the Company's interpretation of the applicable tax legislation 
and regulations. 

(iv)  Share-based compensation 

The Company accounts for share-based compensation using the fair value method of accounting as calculated under the Black-Scholes option 
valuation method.  This method for share-based compensation requires that management make assumptions on model inputs including forfeiture 
rate  and  volatility  that  could  result  in  material  differences  if  the  assumptions  were  changed.    Management  uses  historical  data  to  make  these 
estimates which are disclosed in note 14. 

(v) Liquidity 

As part of its capital management process, the Company prepares a forecast / budget.  Management and the board of directors use the forecast / 
budget  to  direct  and monitor the strategy  and  ongoing  operations and  liquidity  of  the  Company.    Forecasts /  budgets  are subject to significant 
judgment and estimates relating to activity levels, future cash flows and the timing thereof and other factors which may or may not be within the 
control of the Company.  See further discussions relating to liquidity in note 25. 

3.  Significant accounting policies 

The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have  been  applied  consistently  by  the  Company  to  all  periods  presented  in  these  consolidated  financial 
statements unless otherwise indicated. 

(a)  Basis of consolidation 

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in which the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and 
any non-controlling interest are recognized and measured at their fair value at the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price plus any non-
controlling interest over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Any deficiency of the purchase price over the fair value of 
the net assets acquired is credited to net earnings. 

At acquisition, goodwill is allocated to each of the CGUs to which it relates. Subsequent measurement of goodwill is at cost less any accumulated 
impairment losses. 

(i)  Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by Cathedral. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from 
the  date  that  control  commences  until  the  date  that  control  ceases.  The  accounting  policies  of  subsidiaries  align  with  the  policies  adopted  by 
Cathedral.   

(ii)  Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealized income, expenses, gains or losses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated 
in preparing the consolidated financial statements.  

(b)  Foreign currency 

(i)  Foreign currency transactions 

All  transactions  that  are  not  denominated  in  an  entity's  functional  currency  are  foreign  currency  transactions.    These  transactions  are  initially 
recorded in the functional currency by applying the appropriate daily rate which best approximates the actual rate of transaction. 

CAD is the functional and presentation currency of the Company.  The functional currency of Cathedral's subsidiaries and associate are listed in 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Note 1. 

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange 
rate at that date.  All differences are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.  

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at  the date of the 
transaction. 

(ii)  Foreign operations 

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated to CAD at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign 
operations are translated to CAD at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. 

Foreign  currency  differences  are  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income  and  have  been  recognized  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive 
income (‘AOCI’) in the cumulative translation. When a foreign operation is disposed of, the relevant amount in AOCI (in the cumulative translation 
account) is transferred to profit or loss as part of the profit or loss on disposal. On the partial disposal of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, 
the relevant proportion of such cumulative amount is reattributed to non-controlling interest. In any other partial disposal of a foreign operation, the 
relevant proportion is reclassified to profit or loss.  

(c)  Financial instruments 

At December 31, 2015 and 2014, Cathedral has the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents and loans and receivables. 

(i)  Non-derivative financial assets 

Cathedral initially recognizes trade and other receivables on the date that they originate. All other financial assets (including assets designated at 
fair value through profit or loss) are recognized initially on the trade date at which Cathedral becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the 
instrument. 

Cathedral derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the 
contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are 
transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by Cathedral is recognized as a separate asset or liability. 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, Cathedral has a 
legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with original maturities of three months or less. 

Loans and receivables 

Loans and receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Such assets are recognized 
initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition loans and receivables are measured at amortized 
cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses.  

(ii) 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 

Cathedral  initially  recognizes  debt  securities  issued  on  the  date  that  they  are  originated.  Cathedral  derecognizes  a  financial  liability  when  its 
contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, Cathedral has a 
legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

Cathedral has the following non-derivative financial liabilities: loans and borrowings, operating loan, dividends payable and trade and other payables. 

Such financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition these 
financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. 

(d)  Property and equipment 

(i)  Recognition and measurement 

Items of property and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. 

Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.  The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials 
and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use, the costs of dismantling 
and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located, and borrowing costs on qualifying assets. 

Purchased software that is integral to the functionality of the related equipment is capitalized as part of that equipment.  

When  parts  of  an  item  of  property  and  equipment  have  different  useful  lives, they  are  accounted for  as separate  items  (major  components)  of 
property and equipment. 

Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying 
amount of property and equipment, and are recognized net within other income in profit or loss.  

 (ii)  Subsequent costs 

The cost of replacing a part of an item of property and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future 
economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to Cathedral, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part 
is  derecognized.  The  costs  of the  day-to-day  servicing  of  property and  equipment  (repair  and maintenance)  are  recognized  in  profit or  loss  as 
incurred. 

(iii)  Depreciation 

Depreciation is calculated over the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its residual value.  

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Depreciation is recognized in profit or loss either on a straight-line or diminishing balance basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an 
item of property and equipment. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably 
certain that Cathedral will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Land is not depreciated. 

Items of property and equipment are depreciated from the date that they are installed and are available for use, or in respect of internally constructed 
assets, from the date that the asset is completed and available for use. 

The estimated useful lives, depreciation rates and depreciation methods for the current and comparative periods are as follows: 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate.   Effective January 1, 
2015 the estimated useful life of the following equipment: 

Equipment type 
Certain vehicles 
Certain computer hardware 
Certain Directional Drilling equipment 
Certain Directional Drilling equipment 

Prior estimated useful life  Revised estimated useful life 
10 years 
8 years 
15 years 
25 years 

8 years 
5 years 
12 years 
20 years 

These changes in estimates have been accounted for prospectively beginning January 1, 2015. 

(e) 

Intangible assets 

(i)  Goodwill 

Goodwill that arises upon the acquisition of subsidiaries is included in the financial statements. For measurement of goodwill at initial recognition, 
see note 3(a). 

Subsequent measurement 

Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.  

(ii) 

Internally generated intangible asset - Research and development 

Expenditure on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, is recognized 
in profit or loss as incurred. 

Development  activities  involve  a  plan  or  design  for  the  production  of  new  or  substantially  improved  products  and  processes.  Development 
expenditure is capitalized only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future 
economic benefits are probable, and Cathedral intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. The 
expenditure capitalized includes the cost of materials, direct labour, overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended 
use, and borrowing costs on qualifying assets. Other development expenditure is recognized in profit or loss as incurred. 

Capitalized development expenditure is measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.   

(iii)  Subsequent expenditure 

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All 
other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, is recognized in profit or loss as incurred. 

(iv)  Amortization 

Amortization is calculated on the cost of the asset less its residual value. 

Amortization is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the 
date that they are available for use, since this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied 
in the asset. The estimated useful life for capitalized development costs is 5 years. 

Amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate.  

(f)  Leased assets 

Leases  in  terms  of  which  Cathedral  assumes  substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership  are  classified  as  finance  leases.  Upon  initial 
recognition the leased asset is measured at an amount equal to the lower of its fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. 
Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset.  

Other leases are operating leases and the leased assets are not recognized in Cathedral’s statement of financial position.  

(g) 

Inventories 

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the average cost principle, and includes 
expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location 
and condition.  

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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Estimated life in yearsDepreciation ratesDepreciation methodDirectional drilling equipment15.5 to 2013 to 20%Declining balanceProduction testing equipment11.5 to 15.515 to 20%Declining balanceOffice and computer equipment3.0 to 11.520 to 55%Declining balanceAutomotive equipment8 to 11.520 to 30%Declining balanceBuildings554%Declining balanceAutomotive equipment under capital lease3 to 420% or 33%Straight-lineLeasehold improvements520%Straight-line 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
(h) 

Impairment 

(i)  Financial assets (including receivables) 

A  financial  asset  other than  those  carried  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  is  assessed  for indicators  of  impairment  at  each  reporting  date. A 
financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss 
event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be reliably estimated. 

Cathedral considers evidence of impairment for receivables at both a specific asset and collective level. All individually significant receivables are 
assessed for specific impairment. All individually significant receivables found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively assessed for any 
impairment that has been incurred but not yet identified. Receivables that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment by 
grouping together receivables with similar risk characteristics. 

In assessing collective impairment Cathedral uses historical trends of the probability of default, timing of recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, 
adjusted for management’s judgment as to whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater 
or less than suggested by historical trends.  

(ii)  Non-financial assets 

The carrying amounts of Cathedral’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to 
determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. For goodwill 
and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, the recoverable amount is estimated each year at the 
same time. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value 
in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments 
of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are 
grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows 
of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit", or "CGU”). For the purposes of goodwill impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a 
business combination  is  allocated  to  CGUs that  are  expected  to  benefit from the synergies  of the combination.  This  allocation  is subject  to  an 
operating segment ceiling test and reflects the lowest level at which that goodwill is monitored for internal reporting purposes.  

Cathedral’s corporate  assets  do not  generate separate cash  inflows.  If  there is  an  indication  that  a  corporate  asset may  be  impaired,  then  the 
recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the corporate asset belongs. 

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are 
recognized in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill 
allocated to the units, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis. 

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at 
each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change 
in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does 
not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. 

(i)  Employee benefits 

(i)  Termination benefits 

Termination benefits are recognized as an expense when Cathedral is committed demonstrably, without realistic possibility of withdrawal, to a formal 
detailed plan to either terminate employment before the normal retirement date, or to provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made to 
encourage voluntary redundancy. Termination benefits for voluntary redundancies are recognized as an expense if Cathedral has made an offer of 
voluntary redundancy, it is probable that the offer will be accepted, and the number of acceptances can be estimated reliably. If benefits are payable 
more than 12 months after the reporting period, then they are discounted to their present value. 

(ii)  Short-term employee benefits 

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. 

A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if Cathedral has a present legal or 
constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably. 

(iii)  Share-based payment transactions – equity settled 

The grant date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees, directors and consultants is recognized as an employee expense, 
with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards (vesting period). The 
amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are 
expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service 
and non-market performance conditions at the vesting date.  

Share-based payment arrangements in which Cathedral receives goods or services as consideration for its own equity instruments are accounted 
for as equity-settled share-based payment transactions. 

(j)  Revenue 

Revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists (usually when executed), the risks and rewards have been 
transferred to the buyer,  the service has been provided, the rate is fixed, the associated costs can be estimated reliably, the collection of the amounts 
billed to the customer is considered probable and revenue can be measured reliably. Cathedral considers persuasive evidence to exist when a formal 
contract is signed or customer acceptance is obtained. Contract terms do not include a provision for significant post-service delivery obligations. 

Cathedral’s  Directional  Drilling  and  Flowback  and  Production  Testing  services  are  generally  sold  based  upon  service  orders  or  contracts  with 
customers that include fixed or determinable prices based upon daily, hourly or job rates.  

(k)  Lease payments 

Payments made under operating leases are recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received 
are recognized as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease.  

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 30 

 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance expense and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The 
finance expense is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the 
liability. 

Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease 

At inception of an arrangement, Cathedral determines whether such an arrangement is or contains a lease. A specific asset is the subject of a lease 
if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of that specified asset. An arrangement conveys the right to use the asset if the arrangement 
conveys to Cathedral the right to control the use of the underlying asset. 

At inception or upon reassessment of the arrangement, Cathedral separates payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement 
into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values. If  Cathedral concludes for a finance lease that it is 
impracticable to separate the payments reliably, an asset and a liability are recognized at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset. 
Subsequently  the  liability  is  reduced  as  payments  are  made  and  an  imputed  finance  charge  on  the  liability  is  recognized  using  Cathedral’s 
incremental borrowing rate. 

(l)  Finance income and costs 

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, bank charges and other interest and foreign exchange gains or losses. Borrowing costs that 
are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognized in profit or loss using the effective interest 
method. 

Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis. 

(m)  Income tax 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates 
to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at 
the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes 
and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or 
liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither  accounting nor taxable profit or loss, and differences relating to 
investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future. In addition, 
deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates 
that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by 
the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they 
relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax 
liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously. 

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future 
taxable income will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the 
extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. 

(n)  Earnings per share 

Cathedral presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its common shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss 
attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS 
is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, 
adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares, which comprise share options granted to employees, directors 
and consultants. 

(o)  New standards not yet adopted 

A number of new accounting standards, amendments to accounting standards and interpretations are effective for annual periods beginning on or 
after January 1, 2015 and have not been applied in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. The 
standards applicable to the Company are as follows and will be adopted on their respective effective dates: 

(i)  Revenue Recognition 

On May 28, 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers” (“IFRS 15”) replacing International Accounting 
Standard  11,  “Construction  Contracts”  (“IAS  11”),  IAS  18,  “Revenue”  (“IAS  18”),  and  several  revenue-related  interpretations.  IFRS  15 
establishes a single revenue recognition framework that applies to contracts with customers. The standard requires an entity  to recognize 
revenue  to  reflect  the  transfer  of goods  and services for the  amount  it  expects  to  receive,  when  control  is  transferred to  the  purchaser. 
Disclosure requirements have also been expanded. 

The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, with earlier adoption permitted. The standard may 
be applied retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting IFRS 15 
on the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

(ii)  Financial Instruments 

On July 24, 2014, the IASB issued the final version of IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments” (“IFRS 9”) to replace IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: 
Recognition and Measurement” (“IAS 39”). 

IFRS 9 introduces a single approach to determine whether a financial asset is measured at amortized cost or fair value and replaces the 
multiple rules in IAS 39. The approach is based on how an entity manages its financial instruments in the context of its business model and 
the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets. For financial liabilities, IFRS 9 retains most of the IAS 39 requirements; 
however, where the fair value option is applied to financial liabilities, the change in fair value resulting from an entity’s own credit risk is 
recorded in OCI rather than net earnings, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. In addition, a new expected credit loss model for 
calculating impairment on financial assets replaces the incurred loss impairment model used in IAS 39. The new model will result in more 
timely recognition of expected credit losses. IFRS 9 also includes a simplified hedge accounting model, aligning hedge accounting more 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 31 

 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
closely with risk management. Cathedral does not currently apply hedge accounting. 

IFRS 9 is effective for years beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted if IFRS 9 is adopted in its entirety at the 
beginning of a fiscal period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting IFRS 9 on the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

(iii)  Leases 

In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 Leases which provides a single lease accounting model for lessees, which require the recognition 
of most leases as finance leases on the balance sheet. 

This  will  result  in  the  recognition of  a lease  liability  and  a corresponding  recognition  of  a  leased  asset called  right-of-use  asset. On the 
statement of net earnings and comprehensive income, lease expense will be recognized and will consist of two components, depreciation 
expense of the right-of-use asset and interest expense related to the lease liability. Finance lease exemptions exist for short-term leases 
where the term is 12 months or less and for leases of low value items. 

For lessors, the accounting treatment remains the same which provides a lessor the choice of classifying a lease as either a finance or 
operating lease. IFRS 16 comes into effect on January 1, 2019.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting IFRS 16 on 
the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

4.  Determination of fair values 

A number of Cathedral’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both financial and non-financial assets and 
liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. When applicable, further 
information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability. 

(a)  Property and equipment 

The fair value of property and equipment recognized as a result of a business combination is based on market values. The market value of property 
and equipment is the estimated amount for which a property could be exchanged on the date of valuation between a willing buyer and a willing seller 
in an arm’s length transaction after proper marketing wherein the parties had each acted knowledgeably and willingly. The fair value of items of property 
and equipment is based on the market approach and cost approaches using quoted market prices for similar items when available and replacement 
cost when appropriate. 

(b) 

Intangible assets 

The fair value of development costs is based on the discounted cash flows expected to be derived from the use of the assets. 

(c) 

Inventories 

Inventories consist of operating supplies and parts to be used in repairing equipment.  The fair value of inventories is determined based on the net 
realizable value of these items. 

(d)  Trade and other receivables 

The fair value of trade and other receivables is estimated as the present value of future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the 
reporting date. This fair value is determined for disclosure purposes. 

(e)   Non-derivative financial liabilities 

Fair value, which is determined for disclosure purposes, is calculated based on the present value of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted 
at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.  For finance leases the market rate of interest is determined by reference to similar lease agreements. 

(f)  Share-based payment transactions 

The fair value of the employee share options is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Measurement inputs include the share price 
on measurement date, the exercise price of the instrument, the expected volatility (based on weighted average historic volatility adjusted for changes 
expected due to publicly available information), the weighted average expected life of the instruments (based on historical experience and general 
option holder behavior), the expected dividends, forfeiture rate per annum and the risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds). Service and 
non-market performance conditions are not taken into account in determining fair value. 

5.  Cash and cash equivalents 

All  of  the  Company’s  amounts  consist  of  bank  balances.    This  balance  does  not  include  any  term  deposits  and  temporary  investments  or  bank 
overdrafts.  The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk and a sensitivity analysis for financial assets and liabilities is disclosed in note 25. 

6.  Trade receivables 

All of the Company’s amounts are trade receivables.  This balance does not include any related party amounts or other loans and receivables.  All 
amounts are current assets.  The Company’s exposure to credit and currency risks, and impairment losses related to trade and other receivables is 
disclosed in note 25. 

7. 

Inventories 

All of the Company’s inventories are composed of raw materials, consumables and work-in-progress.  There are no finished goods inventories.  For 
the year ended December 31, 2015, raw materials and consumables recognized as cost of sales were $28,211 (2014 - $34,913).  During 2015 Q4, a 
review of expected demand for inventory balances to be used in equipment repairs was conducted.  A write-down of $3,736 was recognized related 
to obsolete or slow moving inventory.  $2,607 of this write-down relates to parts from third party supplied (non-Cathedral manufactured) motors, which 
currently have lower utilization and demand from clients. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 32 

 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
8.  Property and equipment 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 33 

Effects ofBalancemovements inBalanceDecember 31exchangeDecember 31Cost2013AdditionsDisposalsrates2014Directional Drilling equipment141,316$           22,365$             (4,462)$              (295)$                 158,924$           Flowback and Production Testing equipment59,547               3,869                 (1,017)                155                    62,554               Automotive equipment1,267                 -                     (131)                   74                      1,210                 Office and computer equipment6,769                 907                    (3)                       137                    7,810                 Buildings-                     3,500                 198                    3,698                 Land380                    -                     -                     35                      415                    Automotive equipment under capital lease3,235                 526                    (467)                   229                    3,523                 Leasehold improvements1,113                 108                    -                     45                      1,266                 Total213,627$           31,275$             (6,080)$              578$                  239,400$           Effects ofBalancemovements inBalanceDecember 31exchangeDecember 31Accumulated depreciation2013AdditionsDisposalsrates2014Directional Drilling equipment56,100$             12,305$             (2,208)$              513$                  66,710$             Flowback and Production Testing equipment26,882               5,314                 (401)                   60                      31,855               Automotive equipment817                    110                    (99)                     52                      880                    Office and computer equipment4,550                 972                    (5)                       94                      5,611                 Buildings-                     -                     -                     -                     -                     Land-                     -                     -                     -                     -                     Automotive equipment under capital lease1,078                 684                    (292)                   88                      1,558                 Leasehold improvements713                    170                    -                     26                      909                    Total90,140$             19,555$             (3,005)$              833$                  107,523$           Effects ofBalancemovements inBalanceDecember 31Disposals andexchangeDecember 31Cost2014Additionswrite-downsrates2015Directional Drilling equipment158,924$           4,442$               (19,032)$            436$                  144,770$           Flowback and Production Testing equipment62,554               1,345                 (212)                   361                    64,048               Automotive equipment1,210                 181                    (259)                   176                    1,308                 Office and computer equipment7,810                 273                    (3)                       359                    8,439                 Buildings3,698                 604                    (4,680)                378                    -                     Land415                    -                     (451)                   36                      -                     Automotive equipment under capital lease3,523                 -                     (1,183)                469                    2,809                 Leasehold improvements1,266                 63                      112                    1,441                 Total239,400$           6,908$               (25,820)$            2,327$               222,815$           Effects ofBalancemovements inBalanceDecember 31Disposals andexchangeDecember 31Accumulated depreciation2014Additionswrite-downsrates2015Directional Drilling equipment66,710$             13,876$             (14,284)$            260$                  66,562$             Flowback and Production Testing equipment31,855               4,854                 (144)                   183                    36,748               Automotive equipment880                    85                      (182)                   162                    945                    Office and computer equipment5,611                 879                    -                     309                    6,799                 Buildings-                     -                     -                     -                     -                     Land-                     -                     -                     -                     -                     Automotive equipment under capital lease1,558                 569                    (722)                   263                    1,668                 Leasehold improvements909                    179                    -                     87                      1,175                 Total107,523$           20,442$             (15,332)$            1,264$               113,897$            
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

On March 30, 2015, the Company closed the sale of its land and buildings in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and entered into a lease for these premises.  
As the lease is classified as an operating lease and the sale proceeds were at fair market value, the entire amount of the gain has been recognized 
in the current period.  The net proceeds were $6,174 and the resulting gain on sale of land and buildings was $456. 

Due to the reduction in demand for services, in 2015 Q4 the Company carried out a review of equipment and wrote-down those where there was a 
significant lack of demand by clients.  The result of this review was a write-down of property and equipment of $3,189. 

Leased automotive equipment 

The Company leases equipment under a number of finance lease agreements. The leased equipment secures lease obligations (see note 13).  During 
2015, there were non-cash fixed asset additions of $nil (2014 - $512) related to finance lease arrangements.   

Review for impairment 

The  Company  reviews  the  carrying  value  of  property  and  equipment  and intangible  assets  at  each  reporting  period  where  there  are  indicators of 
impairment.  In addition to the review conducted at September 30, 2015 discussed in note 9, the Company also conducted a review for impairment of 
property and equipment as at December 31, 2015.   

The recoverable amount of each CGU was determined using the discounted cash flow model for value-in-use for each CGU.  For 2016, a detailed 
budget  of  revenues  was  prepared  based  upon  revenue  forecasted  by  heads  of  sales  departments.    2016  expense  budget  was  prepared  with 
consultation of senior operating managers and accounting staff based upon existing costs, historical information and anticipated cost reductions.  The 
2016 detailed budget was used to prepare a high level 2017 and 2018 budget where it was anticipated that revenues for 2017 would be at 2015 levels 
and then increase in 2018 to be at 75% of 2014 levels.  Variable costs were adjusted based on percentage of sales, while fixed costs were maintained 
at 2016 levels, with increases to wages as the recovery progresses.  Total cash flows for 2019 and 2020 were projected at an average 3% growth 
from 2018.  Cash flow projections thereafter  have been extrapolated based on a 1.5% per annum growth rate and also incorporate a future 25% 
downturn in the 11th year of the forecast for the Directional Drilling CGU.  The Flowback and Production Testing CGU does not extend out past 9 
years, so no downturn was forecast.  

The forecasted cash flows are based on management’s best estimates of pricing, activity levels, costs to maintain equipment and a pre‐tax discount 
rate  of  19%  (December  31,  2014  -  18%)  per  annum.    A  terminal  value  was  used  assuming  1.5%  annual  growth  rate  for  cash  flows  through  the 
remainder of the segment’s life. 

Based on these cash flows to determine value in use, there was no impairment of property and equipment or intangible assets for either CGU. 

9. 

Intangible assets and goodwill 

The Company’s intangible assets consist of internally generated development costs related to its drilling division.  To date the Company has 
recorded no impairment losses on these assets. 

Impairment testing for cash-generating units containing goodwill 

For  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing,  goodwill  is  allocated  to  the  Company’s  cash  generating  units  which  represent  the  lowest  level  within  the 
Company at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, which is not higher than the Company’s operating segments.  

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 34 

Net book values20152014Directional Drilling equipment78,208$              92,214$              Flowback and Production Testing equipment27,300                30,699                Automotive equipment363                     330                     Office and computer equipment1,640                  2,199                  Buildings-                      3,698                  Land-                      415                     Automotive equipment under capital lease1,141                  1,965                  Leasehold improvements266                     357                     Total108,918$            131,877$            20152014CostBalance at January 14,971$                4,296$                Internally developed additions289                     675                     Write-off of fully amortized balances(2,755)                 -                      Balance at end of year2,505$                4,971$                Accumulated amortizationBalance at January 13,066$                2,822$                Amortization for year188                     244                     Write-off of fully amortized balances(2,755)                 -                      Balance at end of year499$                   3,066$                Net carrying value at end of year2,006$                1,905$                 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
The aggregate carrying amounts of goodwill allocated to each unit are as follows:  

During the period ended September 30, 2015 the Corporation determined that the further decline in commodity prices and the impact on drilling and 
completion activity levels was an indicator of impairment and performed a comprehensive assessment of the carrying values of property and equipment 
and goodwill for the Directional Drilling and Flowback and Production Testing CGUs.  

The recoverable amount of each CGU was determined using a value in use calculation based on cash flow projections over the expected life of the 
assets. The cash flow projections were based on expected outcomes taking into account past experience and management expectation of market 
conditions. 

Management anticipated that the current downturn in the oilfield service industry will continue through 2016. Cash flow projections for 2017 to 2019 
have assumed a gradual recovery to historical activity levels. Cash flow projections thereafter have been extrapolated based on a 1.5% per annum 
growth rate and also incorporate a future 25% downturn in the 9th year of the forecast. The forecasted cash flows are based on management’s best 
estimates of pricing, activity levels, costs to maintain equipment and a pre‐tax discount rate of 19% (December 31, 2014 - 18%) per annum.  A terminal 
value was used assuming 1.5% annual growth rate for cash flows through the remainder of the segment’s life. 

The results of the tests indicated a recoverable amount of approximately $140,000 and an impairment of goodwill at September 30, 2015 of $5,848, 
with $1,624 related to the Directional Drilling CGU and $4,224 related to the Flowback and Production Testing CGU. This impairment represented the 
total amount of goodwill allocated to each CGU.  There was no impairment in the carrying value of property and equipment based upon the value in 
use calculation. 

10.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities and income tax expense 

On April 21, 2015, the Company received a proposal letter from the Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) which stated its intention to challenge the tax 
consequences of the Company’s December 2009 conversion transaction.  CRA was seeking to apply the general anti-avoidance rules of the Income 
Tax Act (Canada) to the conversion transaction. The Company made a proposal for settlement that was accepted by CRA on June 30, 2015.  The 
result of the settlement was a reduction to the tax pools in the conversion transaction.  No cash taxes were payable for prior periods.  As a result of 
the reduction in pool balances there was a charge to earnings in the amount of $10,346 with the offset to eliminate the deferred tax asset and the 
remaining amount increasing the deferred tax liability. 

Recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities 

Deferred tax assets are attributable to the following: 

Deferred tax liabilities are attributable to the following: 

Movement in temporary differences during the year 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 35 

20152014Directional drilling-$                     1,624$                 Production testing-                       4,224                   Total-$                     5,848$                 20152014Property and equipment(10,658)$              (10,476)$              Inventory valuation allowance737                      -                       Intangible assets231                      240                      Investment tax credits2,339                   4,920                   Non-capital loss carryforwards5,686                   3,377                    Scientific research and development expenditures 4,776                   9,451                   Total3,111$                 7,512$                 20152014Property and equipment(835)$                   (767)$                   Inventory valuation adjustment334                      -                       Total(501)$                   (767)$                   BalanceBalanceDecember 31RecognizedRecognizedDecember 312013in profitin OCI2014Property and equipment(9,772)$         (1,387)$         (84)$              (11,243)$       Intangible assets258               (18)                -                240               Investment tax credits4,920            -                -                4,920            Non-capital loss carryforwards3,377            -                -                3,377            Scientific research and development expenditures9,451            -                -                9,451            Total8,234$          (1,405)$         (84)$              6,745$           
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The income taxes are based upon the estimated annual effective rates of 26% (2014 – 25%) for Canadian entities and 37% (2014 – 37%) for U.S. 
entities.  The income tax expense for the period is comprised as follows: 

Income tax expense for 2015 and 2014 differs from the amount that would be expected by applying the expected statutory income tax rates for the 
following reasons: 

Unrecognized deferred tax assets 

At December 31, 2015, a deferred tax asset of $nil (2014 - $651) for capital losses of $nil (2014 - $5,175) has not been recognized in these financial 
statements.  Deferred tax assets have not been recognized in respect of these items because it is not probable that future taxable capital gains will be 
available against which the Company can utilize the related benefits.  These losses do not expire. 

11.  Operating loans 

The Company has a $5,000 swingline facility (2014 - $10,000) with a major Canadian bank.  The terms and conditions of this loan are as disclosed in 
note 13.  

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 36 

BalanceImpact ofBalanceDecember 31CRA propsalRecognizedRecognizedDecember 312014in profitin profitin OCI2015Property and equipment(11,243)$       -$              (102)$            (148)$            (11,493)$       Inventory valuation allowance-                1,071            1,071            Intangible assets240               (9)                  -                231               Investment tax credits4,920            (2,261)           (320)              -                2,339            Non-capital loss carryforwards3,377            (3,377)           5,686            -                5,686            Scientific research and development expenditures9,451            (4,708)           33                 -                4,776            Total6,745$          (10,346)$       6,359$          (148)$            2,610$          20152014Current tax (expense) recovery:Current period373$                   (3,248)$               Adjustment to prior period provisions361                     (23)                      Total current tax expense734                     (3,271)                 Deferred tax expense:Origination and reversal of temporary differences6,122                  (1,416)                 Adjustment to prior period provisions(10,111)               -                      Total deferred tax expense(3,989)                 (1,416)                 Income tax expense(3,255)$               (4,687)$               20152014Expected statutory tax rate26.07%25.17%Earnings (loss) before income tax(32,087)$             14,970$              Effective tax rate applied to earnings before income tax8,365$                (3,768)$               Adjustment to deferred taxes for change in effective tax rates(71)                      (19)                      Income taxed in jurisdictions with different tax rates428                     (766)                    Non-deductible expenses(1,708)                 (235)                    Recognition of previously unrecognized tax losses-                      15                       Adjustment to prior year deferred tax provision(10,111)               -                      Non-taxable portion of gain on disposal of property and equipment(214)                    113                     Other56                       (27)                      Total tax expense(3,255)                 (4,687)                 20152014Canadian dollar operating loan2,370$                 710$                    U.S. dollar operating loan114                      359                      Total2,484$                 1,069$                  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
12.  Trade and other payables 

The Company’s exposure to currency and liquidity risk related to trade and other payables is disclosed in note 25. 

13.  Loans and borrowings 

In the year there were advances of $nil and repayments of $25,000 on the Company's secured revolving term loan. 

Terms and debt repayment schedule 

The Company has a 3 year committed revolving credit facility that expires in August 2017.  The  credit facility was amended on June 12, 2015 (the 
"First  Amendment")  to  reduce the  facility  to  $60,000  (previously  $85,000),  increase  the  accordion  feature  to  $35,000  (previously  $25,000)  and  to 
provide a temporary relaxation of financial covenants.  The accordion feature is subject to approval of the syndicate of lenders which currently consists 
of The Bank of Nova Scotia and National Bank of Canada.   

In  January  2016,  the  Company  negotiated  further  amendments  to  the  credit  agreement  were  negotiated  (“Second  Amendment”).    The  Second 
Amendment has less restrictive financial covenants than the prior facility terms.  The Second Amendment provides for credit availability of $45,000, 
representing a $15,000 decrease from the prior amended credit facility. The Second Amendment matures in August, 2017, consistent with the duration 
of the original facility. 

After the First and Second Amendment discussed above, the facility bears interest at the bank’s prime rate plus 0.50% to 5.00% or bankers’ acceptance 
rate plus 1.75% to 6.25% with interest payable monthly.  Interest rate spreads for the credit facility depends on the level of funded debt to EBITDAS 
(earnings  before  interest  on  long-term  debt,  taxes,  depreciation,  amortization  and  non-cash  compensation  expense  –  as  defined  in  the  credit 
agreement). 

As at December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its credit facility, which are: 

Ratio 
Debt service ratio – must be not less than 1.25:1 
Funded debt to EBITDA (as defined in credit facility) – must be not greater than 4.75:1 

December 31, 2015 value 
4.07:1 
4.02:1 

The financial covenants associated with the First and Second Amendments are as follows:  

Quarter ending: 

December 31, 2015 

March 31, 2016 

June 30, 2016 

September 30, 2016 

December 31, 2016 

March 31, 2017 

June 30, 2017 

September 30, 2017 and thereafter 

Maximum Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio  

Minimum Debt Service Ratio  

4.75 

Waived 

Waived 

5.50 

5.00 

4.50 

4.00 

3.00 

1.25 

1.25 

1.25 

1.75 

1.75 

1.75 

1.75 

1.75 

The credit facility is secured by a general security agreement over all present and future personal property.  See further discussion regarding liquidity 
and covenants in notes 2(v) and 25. 

During the waiver period there is a requirement for minimum EBITDA for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 of $850 and minimum cumulative EBITDA 
for the two quarters ending June 30, 2016 of $1,600.  The amended facility has certain restrictions, including, but not limited to; paying dividends, 
utilization of the accordion feature, enhanced lender financial reporting and a cap on any litigation settlement payments without lender approval. 

Due to the short-term nature of all the liabilities, the carrying value equals the fair value for all amounts. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 37 

20152014Trade payables16,208$               16,747$               Accrued payables3,990                   18,454                 Total20,198$               35,201$               20152014Current liabilities:Current portion of finance lease liabilities686$                    857$                    Non-current liabilities:Finance lease liabilities477$                    1,142$                 Secured revolving term loan30,000                 55,000                 Total30,477$               56,142$                
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
Finance lease liabilities 

Finance lease liabilities bear interest at rates between 4.0% and 8.1% with maturities from 2016 to 2018 and are payable as follows: 

These amounts are secured by the automotive equipment under capital lease which has a net book value of $1,141 (2014 - $1,965). 

14.  Share capital 

Authorized: An unlimited number of common shares and an unlimited number of preferred shares (issuable in series). 

Common shares issued: 

Issuance of common shares 

There were no shares issued in 2015.  In 2014, 129,000 common shares were issued as a result of the exercise of vested options arising from grants 
to employees, directors and consultants in 2009 and 2010. Options were exercised at an average strike price of $3.99 per option. All issued shares 
are fully paid. 

Dividends 

Cathedral declared dividends in the amount of $4,355 in 2015 (2014 - $11,965) or $0.12 per share (2014 - $0.3075 per share.)   Effective November 
10, 2015 the Company suspended quarterly dividend payments.  

Issuance of share options 

The Company's share based compensation plan is a "rolling number" type option plan which provides that the number of authorized but  unissued 
common shares that may be subject to options granted under the share option plan at any time can be up to 10% of the number of common shares 
outstanding from time to time. 

Under the plan, the exercise price of each option at the date of issuance equals the fair market value of the Company's common shares on the day 
immediately prior to the grant, and has a maximum term till expiry of ten years. Options vest over a period of three years from the date of grant as 
employees, directors or consultants render continuous service to the Company.  

A summary of the status of the Company's equity based compensation plan as at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and changes during the years then 
ended is presented below: 

The range of exercise prices for the options outstanding at December 31, 2015 is as follows: 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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FuturePresent valueFuturePresent valueminimum leaseof minimumminimum leaseof minimumpaymentsInterestlease paymentspaymentsInterestlease paymentsLess than one year382$                (3)$                   379$                   361$                   (4)$                      357$                   Between one and four years811                  (27)                   784                     1,753                  (111)                    1,642                  Total1,193$             (30)$                 1,163$                2,114$                (115)$                  1,999$                20152014NumberAmountNumberAmountIssued, beginning of year36,295,380   74,481$        36,166,380   73,850$        Issued on exercise of options-                -                129,000        515               Contributed surplus on options exercised-                116               Issued, end of year36,295,380   74,481$        36,295,380   74,481$        20152014WeightedWeightedaverageaverageNumberexercise priceNumberexercise priceOutstanding, beginning of year1,233,863     6.94$            2,296,864     6.94$            Granted1,389,500     1.49              165,000        4.89              Exercised-                -                (129,000)       3.99              Expired or forfeited(476,766)       7.99              (1,099,001)    (5.91)             Outstanding, end of year2,146,597     3.18$            1,233,863     6.94$            Exercisable, end of year687,097        6.25$            803,950        7.65$            20152014WeightedWeighted averageaverage remainingWeighted averageExercise price rangeNumberexercise pricelife (in years)Numberexercise price$0.75 to $2.251,339,500            1.47$                   3.06                     -                       -$                     $2.26 to $4.0060,000                 3.78                     1.33                     40,001                 3.78                     $4.01 to $5.50398,999               5.12                     1.53                     298,998               5.18                     $5.51 to $7.55348,098               7.45                     0.20                     348,098               7.45                     $0.75 to $7.55 total2,146,597            3.18$                   2.26                     687,097               6.25$                   Total outstanding optionsExercisable 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company has recorded share-based compensation expense of $209 (2014 - $312) related to the 
share option plan. 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company granted 1,389,500 share options.  The following table sets out the assumptions used in 
applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model for the options issued as well as the resulting fair value: 

15.  Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per share 

The calculation of basic earnings per share at December 31, 2015 was based on the profit (loss) attributable to common shareholders of $(32,672) 
(2014 – $10,283) and a weighted average number of common shares outstanding of 36,295,380 (2014 – 36,244,029), calculated as follows: 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

Diluted earnings per share 

For the current year, there is no diluted earnings per share as 2015 is in a loss position.  The calculation of diluted earnings per share at December 
31, 2014 was based on the profit attributable to common shareholders of $10,283 and a weighted average number of common shares outstanding 
after adjustment for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares of 36,255,349, calculated as follows: 

Weighted average number of common shares (diluted) 

At December 31, 2015, 2,146,597 options (2014 – 1,164,863) were excluded from the diluted weighted average number of common shares calculation 
as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. The average market value of the Company’s common shares for purposes of calculating the dilutive effect 
of share options was based on quoted market prices for the period during which the options were outstanding. 

16.  Nature of expenses 

The nature of expenses can be specified as follows: 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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2015 Q42015 Q32015 Q1Number of options issued640,500             20,000               729,000             Exercise price0.75$                 1.99$                 2.13$                 Fair value per option (weighted average)0.19$                 0.35$                 0.36$                 Expected annual dividend per share-$                   0.16$                 0.16$                 Risk-free interest rate (weighted average)0.5%0.5%0.5%Expected share price volatility (weighted average)54.4%45.2%43.4%Forfeiture rate per annum4.0%10.0%5.9%20152014Issued January 136,295,380         36,166,380         Effect of share options exercised-                      77,649                Weighted average number of common shares at end of year36,295,380         36,244,029         20152014Weighted average number of common shares (basic)36,295,380         36,244,029         Effect of share options on issue (note 15)-                      11,320                Weighted average number of common shares (diluted) at end of year36,295,380         36,255,349         Selling, generalCost of salesand administrativeTotalYear ended December 31, 2015Depreciation(20,566)$              (179)$                   (20,745)$              Share-based compensation(59)                       (150)                     (209)                     Staffing costs, excluding share-based compensation(56,817)                (13,242)                (70,059)                Repairs and maintenance(25,419)                -                       (25,419)                Other expenses(30,204)                (6,538)                  (36,742)                Total(133,065)$            (20,109)$              (153,174)$            Year ended December 31, 2014Depreciation(19,373)$              (280)$                   (19,653)$              Share-based compensation(112)                     (200)                     (312)                     Staffing costs, excluding share-based compensation(120,363)              (16,810)                (137,173)              Repairs and maintenance(35,120)                -                       (35,120)                Other expenses(60,382)                (7,660)                  (68,042)                Total(235,350)$            (24,950)$              (260,300)$             
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
17.  Foreign exchange gain (loss) and finance costs 

18.  Changes in non-cash working capital 

The components of changes in non-cash working capital are as follows: 

19.  Operating segments 

The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries are engaged in the business of providing selected oilfield services to oil and natural gas companies 
in western Canada and selected basins in the U.S., and is viewed as a single operating segment by the chief operating decision maker of the Company 
for the purpose of resource allocation and assessing performance. 

Oilfield services are currently being provided in both Canada and the U.S.  The amounts related to each geographic segment are as follows: 

Service information 

The Company provides the following services: 

Geographical information 

The Company conducts operations in the following geographic areas: 

Major customer 

In 2015 revenues from two customers of the Company represented approximately 22% (2014 – a different single customer represented approximately 
12%) of the Company’s total revenues.   

20.  Commitments 

In the normal course of business, the Company incurs contractual obligations and those obligations are disclosed in the Company’s annual financial 
statements for the year ended December 31, 2015.  As at December 31, 2015, the Company’s commitment to purchase property and equipment is 
approximately $5.  Cathedral anticipates expending these funds in 2016 Q1.   

The Company has issued three standby letters of credit, two of which relate to property leases and renew annually to landlords.  The first letter of 
credit is $700 for the first ten years of the lease and then reduces to $500 for the last five years of the lease.  The second letter of credit is for $542 
USD and increases annually based upon annual changes in rent.  The final letter of credit is for $75 USD issued in relation to U.S. WCB coverage. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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20152014Foreign exchange gain (loss):Realized foreign exchange gain (loss)(183)$                  285$                   Unrealized foreign exchange loss on intercompany balances(4,191)                 (1,166)                 Foreign exchange loss(4,374)$               (881)$                  Finance costsInterest on revolving term loan(1,195)$               (1,818)$               Interest on operating loan(66)                      (414)                    Standby fees(143)                    (105)                    Interest on finance lease liabilities(76)                      (107)                    Other interest(184)                    (119)                    Finance costs(1,664)$               (2,563)$               20152014Trade receivables35,663$              (12,370)$             Inventories1,301                  (2,439)                 Prepaid expenses and deposits720                     998                     Trade and other payables(15,003)               12,960                Deferred revenue753                     587                     Impact of foreign exchange rate differences1,348                  1,792                  Total changes in non-cash working capital24,782                1,528                  Changes in investing non-cash working capital(1,012)                 (632)                    Changes in operating non-cash working capital25,794$              2,160$                Revenues20152014Directional drilling106,242$            208,665$            Production testing29,837                66,770                Total revenues136,079$            275,435$            Year endedYear endedDecember 31, 2015December 31, 2014December 31, 2015December 31, 2014Canada51,337$                      125,072$                    110,067$                    138,015$                    United States84,742                        150,363                      3,968                          9,127                          Total136,079$                    275,435$                    114,035$                    147,142$                    RevenuesNon-current assets 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
21.  Operating leases 

Leases as lessee 

The Company leases a number of offices, warehouse and operating facilities under operating leases. The leases typically run for a period of at least 
five years, with an option to renew the lease after that date.  Leases incurred in relation to sale and leaseback transactions have longer lease terms.  
Current leases have expiries ranging from May 2016 to March 2030.  Certain leases have set annual increases. Some leases provide for additional 
rent payments that are based on changes in a local price index.  The total future minimum lease payments are as follows: 
$4,090 
3,870 
3,389 
3,106 
2,789 
22,545 

2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
Thereafter 

Certain vehicle leases have been renewed on a month to month term at the expiration of the finance type lease.  These leases have been classified 
as operating leases. 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, an amount of $3,952 was recognized as an expense in profit or loss in respect of operating leases (2014 
- $3,387). 

22.  Contingencies 

On October 29, 2014 Cathedral received a letter from one of its U.S. clients (“the Complainant”) alleging a down-hole drilling incident which impacted 
two of their wells in December 2013.  The Complainant had indicated potential damages of $3,000 USD and in 2015 Q3 increased  this indication to 
$3,700 USD.  Cathedral does not carry insurance for this type of incident.  In January 2016, the Complainant filed a formal complaint in Pennsylvania 
court initiating a formal legal process related to their claim.  Cathedral, with its legal counsel is responding to the complaint and intends to vigorously 
defend this action.  Due to the uncertainty around what amount, if any, and the means of settlement, the Company has made no  provision in the 
financial statements for this incident. 

The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Cathedral Energy Services Inc. (“INC”), has been named in a legal action in Houston, Texas commenced 
by a former employee.  INC has also been named in a second legal action in Denver, Colorado by a former employee.  In both these legal actions the 
employees and consultants (collectively “Claimants") allege that they were improperly classified as exempt under the Fair Labour Standards Act and 
therefore entitled to unpaid overtime or additional compensation for improperly calculated overtime.  Subsequently, six additional claimants have joined 
the first action and four additional claimants have joined the second action.  Legal actions involving similar alleged violations have been filed in the 
United States against a number of other oilfield service companies. The Claimants assert that they will seek to have the action certified as a collective 
action which may result in additional employees, former employees or consultants of INC joining the actions. INC has filed defenses for both actions 
and is currently reviewing its settlement and legal options. The Company believes that the potential impact of this matter is indeterminable. 

23.  Subsequent event 

In late February 2016, Cathedral successfully negotiated the sale of DPI.  Net proceeds from this sale are nominal; however, there will be a non-cash 
gain on sale of DPI will be approximately $10,800. This gain arises from Cathedral recording a write-down of its Venezuela investment in the amount 
of $12,900 in 2013 and 2014.   The sale will result in a decrease in current assets of approximately $1,500 and a decrease in current liabilities of 
$13,500. 

24.  Related parties 

Key management personnel compensation 

Cathedral has determined that the key management personnel of the Company consist of its executive officers and directors. 

In addition to their salaries and director's fees, the Company also provides non-cash benefits to directors and executive officers including participation 
in the Company’s share option program (see note 15).  

Certain  executive  officers  have  employment  agreements.  Upon  resignation  at  the  Company’s  request,  they  are  entitled  to  termination  benefits 
including:  i) 2 times base salary; ii) 2 times average annual bonus over the past 3 years; and iii) health, dental, life insurance and disability coverage 
for 24 months. 

Key management personnel (including directors) compensation comprised: 

Key management personnel and director transactions 

Directors and executive officers of the Company control 4.6% of the common shares of the Company.  

There have been no other transactions over the reporting period with key management personnel (2014 - nil), and no outstanding balances exist as 
at period end (2014 - nil).  

25.  Financial risk management and financial instruments  

Overview 

The Company has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments: 

● 
● 
● 

credit risk 
liquidity risk 
market risk 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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20152014Short-term employment benefits1,897$                2,480$                Share-based compensation124                     146                     Total expense recognized as share-based compensation2,021$                2,626$                 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
This  note  presents  information  about  the  Company’s  exposure  to  each  of  the  above  risks,  the  Company’s  objectives,  policies  and  processes  for 
measuring and managing risk, and the Company’s management of capital.  

Risk management framework 

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk management framework. The Company’s 
risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to 
monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the 
Company’s activities.  

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, 
and arises principally from the Company’s receivables from customers. 

Trade and other receivables 

The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management also considers 
the demographics of the Company’s customer base, including the default risk of the industry and country in which customers operate, as these factors 
may have an influence on credit risk. Approximately 12% of the Company’s revenue is attributable to sales transactions with a single customer and 
another customer made up 10% of revenues.  In 2014 a different customer was 12% of the company’s revenue.  

The Company has established a credit policy under which each new customer is analyzed individually for creditworthiness before the  Company’s 
standard payment and delivery terms and conditions are offered. The Company’s review includes external ratings, when available. Customers that fail 
to meet the Company’s benchmark creditworthiness generally are restricted to services on a prepayment basis only. 

In monitoring customer credit risk, customers are grouped according to their credit characteristics, including whether they are an individual or legal 
entity, geographic location, industry, aging profile, maturity and existence of previous financial difficulties. Customers that are considered as “high risk” 
are closely monitored, and future sales may be made on a prepayment basis. 

The Company does not require collateral in respect of trade and other receivables. 

The Company establishes an allowance for impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in respect of trade and other receivables and 
investments.  The main components of this allowance are a specific loss component that relates to individually significant exposures, and a collective 
loss component established for groups of similar assets in respect of losses that have been incurred but not yet identified. The collective loss allowance 
is determined based on historical data of payment statistics for similar financial assets. 

Exposure to credit risk 

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was. 

Carrying amount  

The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade and other receivables at the reporting date by geographic region was: 

Carrying amount  

The Company’s most significant customers account for $6,168 of the trade receivables carrying amount at December 31, 2015 (2014 - $7,181). 

Impairment losses 

The aging of trade and other receivables at the reporting date was: 

The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade and other receivables during the year was as follows: 

At December 31, 2015 an impairment loss of $460 (2014 - $188) was recognized relating to customers that have been unable to make payments in 
accordance with normal terms and conditions, mainly due to economic circumstances. The Company believes that the unimpaired amounts that are 
past due are still collectible, based on historic payment behavior and an analysis of the underlying customers’ ability to pay. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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20152014Trade receivables23,107$               58,770$               20152014Canada8,593$                 24,002$               United States14,514                 34,768                 Total23,107$               58,770$               GrossImpairmentGrossImpairmentNot past due15,116$             -$                   49,486$             -$                   Past due 61-90 days4,180                 -                     6,328                 -                     Past due over 91 days3,811                 (460)                   3,144                 (188)                   Total23,107$             (460)$                 58,958$             (188)$                 2015201420152014Balance, beginning of year188$                   336$                   Impairment loss recognized272                     -                      Reversals of losses previously recognized-                      (148)                    Balance, end of year460$                   188$                    
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
Based on historic default rates, the Company believes that, apart from the above, no impairment allowance is necessary in respect of trade receivables 
not past due. 

Impairment losses 

The  allowance  accounts  in  respect  of  trade  and  other  receivables are  used  to  record  impairment  losses  unless the  Company  is satisfied  that  no 
recovery of the amount owing is possible; at that point the amounts are considered irrecoverable and are written off against the financial asset directly.  

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by 
delivering cash or another financial asset. The  Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have 
sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage 
to the Company’s reputation. 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 the Company incurred a net loss of $35,342. The current challenging economic climate may lead to 
further adverse changes in cash flow, working capital levels or debt balances, which may also have a direct impact on our results and financial position. 
These and other factors may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to generate profits in the future. Based on current available information, we 
expect to comply with all covenants during 2016.  In light of the current volatility in oil and gas prices and uncertainty regarding the timing for recovery 
in such prices, management’s ability to prepare financial forecasts is challenging.  Due to this volatile economic environment, it is possible that the 
Company could breach the covenants included in the 2015 Amended Credit Facility (the “Agreement”) in 2016 or 2017. If the Company does not have 
sufficient  resources  to  comply  with  the  financial  covenants,  the  secured  revolving  term  loan  will  become  due  on  demand.  If  future  profitability  or 
available liquidity is not sufficient to meet the Company’s operating and debt servicing obligations as they come due, and pass the financial covenants 
in  the  Company’s  credit  agreements,  management’s  plans  include;  further  reducing  expenditures,  pursuing  alternative  financing  arrangements, 
potential  asset dispositions as necessary, or pursuing other corporate strategic alternatives. 

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments and excluding the impact of netting agreements 
based upon the secured revolving term loan being renewed on the same terms and not converted to a non-revolving term loan. 

It is not expected that the cash flows included in the maturity analysis could occur significantly earlier, or at significantly different amounts. 

Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices will affect the Company’s income 
or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within 
acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return. 

Currency risk 

The Company is exposed to currency risk on working capital and borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the respective functional 
currencies of Company entities, primarily CAD, but also USD. The currencies in which these transactions primarily are denominated are  CAD and 
USD. 

Generally, borrowings are denominated in currencies that match the cash flows generated by the underlying operations of the  Company, primarily 
dollar.  This  provides  a  partial  economic  hedge  without  derivatives  being  entered  into  and  therefore  hedge  accounting  is  not  applied  in  these 
circumstances. 

Cathedral's  foreign  currency  policy  is  to  monitor  foreign  current  risk  exposure  in  its  areas  of  operations  and  mitigate  that  risk  where  possible  by 
matching foreign currency denominated expense with revenues denominated in foreign currencies.  Cathedral strives to maintain limited amounts of 
cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currency on hand and attempts to further limit its exposure to foreign currency through collecting 
and paying foreign currency denominated balance in a timely fashion. 

The Company’s exposure to foreign currency risk related to USD denominated balances as follows:  

The following significant exchange rates applied during the year: 

Sensitivity analysis 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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December 31, 2015 Carrying amount  Contractual cash flow  Under 6 months  6-12 months  1-2 years  2-5 years ThereafterDemand bank loans2,484$        2,484$        2,484$        -$            -$            -$            -$            Secured revolving term loan (1)30,000        30,000        -              -              30,000        -              -              Finance lease liabilities1,163          1,194          434             304             446             10               -              Trade and other payables20,198        20,198        20,198        -              -              -              -              53,845$      53,876$      23,116$      304$           30,446$      10$             -$            USD20152014Cash1,202$                 4,730$                 Trade receivables10,490                 29,970                 Demand bank loan(82)                       (309)                     Trade payables(10,759)                (19,229)                Finance lease liabilities(695)                     (1,406)                  Total156$                    13,756$               20152014December 31, 2015December 31, 2014USD $1 to CAD $1.28$                          1.10$                          1.38$                          1.16$                          Average rateReporting date spot rate 
 
 
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
A 10% strengthening of CAD against USD at December 31 would decrease equity and other comprehensive income by $20 (2014 - $1,451). The 
analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant. The analysis is performed on the same basis for  2014, albeit 
that the reasonably possible foreign exchange rate variances were different. 

A weakening of CAD at December 31 would have had the equal but opposite effect on  USD amounts, on the basis that all other variables remain 
constant. 

Interest rate risk 

At the reporting date the interest rate profile of the Company’s interest-bearing financial instruments was: 

Cash flow sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments 

A 1% increase in the Company’s bank’s lending rate would cause interest expense to increase by approximately $325 (2014 - $561) per annum based 
upon the balance of bank indebtedness and long-term debt with a floating interest rate outstanding as at December 31, 2015. 

Fair values of financial instruments 

The Company has designated its trade and other payables as other financial liabilities carried at amortized cost. Accounts receivable are designated 
as  loans  and  receivables,  measured  at  amortized  cost.  The  Corporation’s  carrying  values  of  these  items  approximate  their  fair  value  due  to  the 
relatively short periods to maturity of the instruments. Loans and borrowings have been designated as other financial liability, and are measured at 
amortized cost. The fair value of loans and borrowings included in the consolidated statement of financial position approximates carrying values as 
the indebtedness is subject to floating rates of interest. 

The basis for determining fair values is disclosed in note 4.  

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

Page 44 

Fixed rate carrying valueVariable rate carrying valueFixed rate carrying valueVariable rate carrying valueFinancial liabilities1,163$                           32,484$                               1,999$                           56,069$                               December 31, 2015December 31, 2014 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
Capital management 

The Board’s policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development 
of the business. Management and the Board of Directors monitor capital using loans and borrowings, including current portion to total capitalization 
and funded debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and share-based compensation (“EBITDAS”) both of which are defined 
in the credit agreement and are calculated below. 

The Board seeks to maintain a balance between the higher returns that might be possible with higher levels of borrowings and  the advantages and 
security afforded by a sound capital position.  In response to the overall decline in activity levels and profitability, the Company implemented a number 
of  cost  cutting  initiatives  to  protect  the  Company’s  balance  sheet.    Throughout  2015  and  into  2016  management  has  instituted  significant  cost 
reductions including reduction in amounts paid to suppliers plus wage rollbacks and lay offs.  In addition, the Board of Directors reduced the quarterly 
dividend 52% for 2015 Q1 and suspended the quarterly dividend effective November 10, 2015. 

The Company’s loans and borrowings to total capitalization and EBITDAS ratios at the end of the reporting period were as follows: 

There were no changes in the Company’s approach to capital management during the year. 

Cathedral Energy Services Ltd. - 2015 Annual Report 

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20152014Loans and borrowings, current portion686$                   857$                   Loans and borrowings, long-term portion30,477                56,142                Loans and borrowings, including current portion31,163$              56,999$              Shareholders' equity96,607$              128,368$            Less Accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI")(11,577)               (3,850)                 Shareholders' equity excluding AOCI85,030                124,518              Loans and borrowings, including current portion31,163                56,999                Total capitalization116,193$            181,517$            Loans and borrowings, including current portion to total capitalization0.27                    0.31                    Loans and borrowings, including current portion31,163$              56,999$              Operating loans2,484                  1,069                  Less cash balances(2,085)                 (6,094)                 Letter of credit1,554                  700                     Funded debt per lending agreement33,116$              52,674$              Earnings (loss) before income taxes(32,087)$             14,970$              Add (deduct):Depreciation included in cost of sales20,566                19,373                Depreciation included in selling, general and administrative expenses179                     280                     Share-based compensation included in cost of sales59                       112                     Share-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expenses150                     200                     Unrealized foreign exchange gain on intercompany balances4,191                  1,166                  Gain on disposal of property and equipment(3,363)                 (3,102)                 Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment3,803                  -                      Gain on sale of land and buildings(456)                    -                      Non-recurring expenses766                     -                      Write-down of goodwill5,848                  -                      Write-down of property and equipment3,189                  -                      Write-down of inventory3,736                  -                      Write-down (recovery on write-down) of investment in associate and related assets-                      (177)                    Finance costs1,664                  2,563                  EBITDAS per lending agreement8,245$                35,385$              Funded debt to EBITDA4.02                    1.49                     
OFFICERS 

P. Scott MacFarlane, President and Chief Executive Officer 

Randy H. Pustanyk, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer 

Michael F. Hill, Chief Financial Officer 

David Diachok, Vice President, Sales 

Neil Schappert, Vice President, USA Directional Drilling 

DIRECTORS 

Rod Maxwell 

Jay Zammit 

Scott Sarjeant 

Robert L. Chaisson 

Ian S. Brown 

Dale Tremblay 

P. Scott MacFarlane 

Randy H. Pustanyk 

AUDITORS 

KPMG LLP 

Calgary, Alberta 

LEGAL COUNSEL 

Burstall Winger LLP 

Calgary, Alberta 

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT 

Computershare Trust Company of Canada 

Calgary, Alberta 

BANKER 

The Bank of Nova Scotia 

National Bank of Canada 

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING 

Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX: CET) 

6030 – 3rd Street S.E. 

Calgary, Alberta  T2H 1K2 

Tel: 403.265.2560          Fax: 403.262.4682 

www.cathedralenergyservices.com