A
N
N
U
A
L
R
E
P
O
R
T
2
0
1
5
C
L
I
F
F
S
N
A
T
U
R
A
L
R
E
S
O
U
R
C
E
S
I
N
C
.
ANNUAL REPORT 2015
C L I F F S N AT U R A L R E S O U R C E S I N C .
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. is a leading mining and natural resources
company in the United States. The Company is a major supplier of
iron ore pellets to the North American steel industry from its mines and
pellet processing facilities located in Michigan and Minnesota. Cliffs also
operates an iron ore mining complex in Western Australia.
As a differentiated mining company, Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. is
uniquely positioned to satisfy the requirements of our steelmaking
customers. Our high-grade, premium pellets are customized for and fed
directly to our customers’ blast furnaces.
Driven by the core values of safety, social, environmental and capital
stewardship, Cliffs employees endeavor to provide all stakeholders
operating and financial transparency.
MESSAGE
FROM THE CEO
Dear Fellow Shareholder:
2015 was a momentous year for Cliffs. We made several
crucial decisions aimed at strengthening the Company, our
balance sheet and our core U.S. iron ore business. We have
not veered from our U.S. based strategy which is predicated
on one fundamental fact: China’s steel demand is actually
shrinking, not growing. During one of the most demanding
environments for global iron and domestic steel in over a
decade, we accomplished all that we set out to do and enter
2016 as a refocused and re-energized company.
Throughout 2015, our focus on cost reduction, operating
efficiencies and optimizing cash flow drove solid results,
despite depressed iron and steel prices. Our operating
teams delivered
lower production costs and profitable
margins across all continuing operations. Full-year capital
expenditures and SG&A spending were reduced to levels not
seen in many years at Cliffs. Most importantly, the discipline
and cost focus of our operating teams did not come at the
expense of two non-negotiable values of our company: safety
and environmental stewardship.
In contrast to many other players in the industry, we did achieve
our non-core asset divesture objectives. A very important
component of our strategy was the complete divestiture of our
North American Coal business. We ended the year 2014 on a
high note having completed the sale of Logan County Coal for
$174 million in cash and the assumption of certain liabilities.
In a very similar fashion, we finished 2015 by selling the
Pinnacle and Oak Grove mines in a transaction valued at $268
million based on the buyer assuming substantially all of the
liabilities of that business. Within Canada, we initiated formal
restructuring proceedings under the Companies’ Creditors
Arrangement Act (Canada) (“CCAA”) for the Bloom Lake and
Wabush mines. We made substantial progress with these
assets. By year-end, an asset purchase agreement to acquire
the Bloom Lake mine, some mineral claims and related rail
assets was executed and has recently been approved by
the CCAA Court. In 2015, we also completed the sale of our
Chromite assets in Northern Ontario as part of the CCAA
process. We also finalized the sale of the Decar Nickel project
in British Columbia and the remaining portfolio of exploration
projects. Each transaction represents a very important step in
implementing our U.S. iron ore pellet-centric strategy.
In the U.S., the domestic steel industry was hampered by
historic levels of unfairly traded steel imports which weakened
our customers’ demand for pellets. We worked very well
throughout the year to implement a production plan to adjust to
our customers’ reduced requirements. Looking more broadly
at Cliffs’ market position in the U.S., certain competitive threats
that were emerging have all but faded away over the past year.
Moving forward, our competitive position in the Great Lakes
region is stronger than ever before.
While we are still in the early stages of developing our DR-
grade pellet business, we are very optimistic about tapping
into a new market segment as a future supplier to EAF steel
producers. Using our technical expertise to increase our
product offering, we are excited about our new business
opportunity as a supplier of DR-grade pellets to DRI producers.
At this stage, we have reached a significant milestone with
very positive results from the successful operational trial of our
DR-grade pellets.
C L I F F S 2 0 1 5 A N N UA L R E P O R T
Roadmap to
Future Financial
Success
Our roadmap to our future
financial success is simple
and actionable.
We will:
• Maintain our non-stop
focus on cost reduction
• Use our technical
expertise and strong
market position in
the U.S. to increase
our product offering
and foster improved
profitability
• Continue to pursue debt
reduction opportunities.
One of the most important achievements for the year was the refinancing of Cliffs
in the face of a very difficult debt market for the mining industry. A significant
undertaking during the first quarter of 2015, we captured available market discounts
on our various bonds to reduce our net debt through a second lien debt exchange
offer, removed the onerous financial covenants tied to our old revolving credit facility
by replacing it with a new asset-based lending facility, and we completed a first-
lien note offering that netted us nearly $500 million dollars in cash. Also during
the year, we took advantage of the opportunities offered by the debt markets and
completed a cash tender offer for our senior notes which significantly reduced our
nearest-dated debt maturity and associated future interest payments. Through these
liability management exercises, we reduced net debt by nearly $200 million dollars.
Additionally during the first quarter of this year, we launched an exchange offer to
replace approximately $512 million of existing indebtedness with new 1.5 lien bonds.
This debt exchange alone will reduce debt by $293 million and lower interest expense
by $14 million during very difficult financial market situations.
Our roadmap to our future financial success is simple and actionable. We will:
• maintain our non-stop focus on cost reduction;
• use our technical expertise and strong market position in the U.S. to increase
our product offering and foster improved profitability; and
• continue to pursue debt reduction opportunities.
On behalf of the Board of Directors, I want to thank the entire Cliffs’ team for their
continued commitment and dedication to the Company. We also thank our partners,
customers, rail providers, shipping companies and the United Steelworkers for their
cooperation as we made difficult, but necessary decisions related to our production
plans to respond to evolving market conditions.
Last, but for sure not least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of you,
my fellow shareholders, for your unwavering support as we took the bold steps
necessary in pursuit of our strategy. We know we have more work to do and our
management team is fully committed to get the job done. I am grateful for your far-
sighted investment in our great Company and your continued trust in Cliffs.
Sincerely,
Lourenco Goncalves
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Directors
LOURENCO GONCALVES
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Executive Leadership
JOHN T. BALDWIN
Former Chief Financial Officer
Worthington Industries
ROBERT P. FISHER, JR.
Former Managing Director
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
SUSAN M. GREEN
Former Deputy General Counsel
U. S. Congressional Office of Compliance
JOSEPH A. RUTKOWSKI, JR.
Former Executive Vice President
Nucor Corporation
JAMES S. SAW YER
Former Chief Financial Officer
Praxair Inc.
MICHAEL D. SIEGAL
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Olympic Steel, Inc.
GABRIEL STOLIAR
Former Executive Vice President
Vale SA
DOUGL AS C. TAYLOR
Managing Partner
Casablanca Capital LP
LOURENCO GONCALVES
Chairman, President and
Chief Executive Officer
P. KELLY TOMPKINS
Executive Vice President &
Chief Financial Officer
CLIFFORD T. SMITH
Executive Vice President,
Business Development
TERRY G. FEDOR
Executive Vice President,
United States Iron Ore
TERRENCE R. MEE
Executive Vice President,
Global Commercial
JAMES D. GRAHAM
Executive Vice President,
Chief Legal Officer & Secretary
MAURICE D. HARAPIAK
Executive Vice President,
Human Resources
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
OR
1934
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 1-8944
CLIFFS NATURAL RESOURCES INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Ohio
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
200 Public Square, Cleveland, Ohio
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
34-1464672
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
44114-2315
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (216) 694-5700
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Shares, par value $0.125 per share
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES
NO
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES
NO
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days. YES
NO
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required
to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES
NO
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will
not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or
any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See
definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES
NO
As of June 30, 2015, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing
price of $4.33 per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange — Composite Index, was $653,133,194 (excluded from this figure is the voting stock
beneficially owned by the registrant’s officers and directors).
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common shares, par value $0.125 per share, was 180,111,831 as of February 22, 2016.
Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for its 2016 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Table of Contents
DEFINITIONS
PART I
Item 1.
Business
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Item 9.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
SIGNATURES
1
4
19
19
31
32
38
42
43
45
48
83
84
169
169
170
171
171
171
171
171
172
173
Table of Contents
The following abbreviations or acronyms are used in the text. References in this report to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “Cliffs” are
to Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and subsidiaries, collectively. References to “A$” or “AUD” refer to Australian currency, “C$” to Canadian currency
and “$” to United States currency.
DEFINITIONS
Abbreviation or acronym
Term
ABL Facility
Amapá
AG
Anglo
APBO
ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal USA
ASC
BAML
BART
Syndicated Facility Agreement by and among Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Australian
Security Trustee, the Lenders that are parties hereto, Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., as Parent and a Borrower,
and the Subsidiaries of Parent party hereto, as Borrowers dated as of March 30, 2015
Anglo Ferrous Amapá Mineração Ltda. and Anglo Ferrous Logística Amapá Ltda.
Autogenous Grinding
Anglo American plc
Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation
ArcelorMittal (as the parent company of ArcelorMittal Mines Canada, ArcelorMittal USA and ArcelorMittal
Dofasco Inc., as well as, many other subsidiaries)
ArcelorMittal USA LLC (including many of its North American affiliates, subsidiaries and representatives.
References to ArcelorMittal USA comprise all such relationships unless a specific ArcelorMittal USA entity is
referenced)
Accounting Standards Codification
Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Best Available Retrofit Technology
Bloom Lake
The Bloom Lake Iron Ore Mine Limited Partnership
Bloom Lake Group
Bloom Lake General Partner Limited and certain of its affiliates, including Cliffs Quebec Iron Mining ULC
BNSF
Canadian Entities
CCAA
CFR
CLCC
Burlington Northern Santa Fe, LLC
Collectively, the Bloom Lake Group, Wabush Group and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries
Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada)
Cost and freight
Cliffs Logan County Coal LLC
Clean Water Act
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
CN
CO2
Canadian National Railway Company
Carbon Dioxide
Cockatoo Island
Cockatoo Island Joint Venture
Codification
CODM
FASB Accounting Standards Codification
Chief Operating Decision Maker
Compensation Committee
Compensation and Organization Committee of Cliffs' Board of Directors
Consent Order
Administrative Order by Consent
Consolidated Thompson
Consolidated Thompson Iron Mining Limited (now known as Cliffs Québec Iron Mining ULC)
CQIM
CSAPR
DD&A
DEP
Directors’ Plan
Dodd-Frank Act
DR-grade pellets
EAF
EBITDA
Empire
EPA
EPS
ERM
Essar
Cliffs Québec Iron Mining ULC (formerly known as Cliffs Québec Iron Mining Limited)
Cross-State Air Pollution Rule
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
Department of Environmental Protection
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2014 Nonemployee Directors’ Compensation Plan
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Direct Reduction pellets
Electric Arc Furnace
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
Empire Iron Mining Partnership
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Earnings per share
Enterprise Risk Management
Essar Steel Algoma Inc.
Exchange Act
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB
Fe
FeT
FIP
FMSH Act
GAAP
Financial Accounting Standards Board
Iron
Total Iron
Federal Implementation Plan
U.S. Federal Mine Safety and Health Act 1977, as amended
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
1
Table of Contents
Abbreviation or acronym
Term
GHG
Hibbing
IRS
Greenhouse gas
Hibbing Taconite Company
U.S. Internal Revenue Service
Koolyanobbing
Collective term for the operating deposits at Koolyanobbing, Mount Jackson and Windarling
LIBOR
LIFO
LTVSMC
MDEQ
MISO
MMBtu
Moody's
MPCA
MPSC
MPUC
MSHA
MWh
NAAQS
NO2
NOx
Northshore
NPDES
NRD
NSPS
NYSE
Oak Grove
OCI
OPEB
OPEB cap
P&P
PBO
Pinnacle
London Interbank Offered Rate
Last-in, first-out
LTV Steel Mining Company
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Midcontinent Independent System Operator
Million British Thermal Units
Moody's Investors Service, Inc., a subsidiary of Moody's Corporation, and its successors
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Michigan Public Service Commission
Minnesota Public Utilities Commission
U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration
Megawatts per hour
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen oxide
Northshore Mining Company
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, authorized by the U.S. Clean Water Act
Natural Resource Damages
New Source Performance Standards
New York Stock Exchange
Oak Grove Resources, LLC
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other postretirement benefits
Medical premium maximums
Proven and Probable
Projected benefit obligation
Pinnacle Mining Company, LLC
Reconciliation Act
Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act
ROA
RTWG
S&P
SEC
Seneca
Severstal
Return on asset
Rio Tinto Working Group
Standard & Poor's Rating Services, a division of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and its successors
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Seneca Coal Resources, LLC
Severstal Dearborn, LLC
Silver Bay Power
Silver Bay Power Company
SIP
SO2
Sonoma
Spider
SSR
STRIPS
State Implementation Plan
Sulfur dioxide
Sonoma Coal Project
Spider Resources Inc. (now known as 9129561 Ontario Inc.after the amalgamation of Cliffs Chromite Far North
Inc. and Cliffs Chromite Ontario Inc. in April 2015)
System Support Resource
Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities
Substitute Rating Agency
A "nationally recognized statistical rating organization" within the meaning of Section 3 (a)(62) of the Exchange
Act, selected by us (as certified by a certificate of officers confirming the decision of our Board of Directors) as
a replacement agency of Moody's or S&P, or both of them, as the case may be
Tilden
TMDL
TRIR
TSR
Tilden Mining Company
Total Maximum Daily Load
Total Reportable Incident Rate
Total Shareholder Return
United Taconite
United Taconite LLC
2
Table of Contents
Abbreviation or acronym
Term
U.S.
U.S. Steel
USW
Vale
VEBA
VWAP
Wabush
Wabush Group
WISCO
Zamin
United States of America
United States Steel Corporation
United Steelworkers
Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
Voluntary Employee Benefit Association trusts
Volume Weighted Average Price
Wabush Mines Joint Venture
Wabush Iron Co. Limited and Wabush Resources Inc., and certain of its affiliates, including Wabush Mines (an
unincorporated joint venture of Wabush Iron Co. Limited and Wabush Resources Inc.), Arnaud Railway
Company and Wabush Lake Railway Company
Wugang Canada Resources Investment Limited, a subsidiary of Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation
Zamin Ferrous Ltd
2008 Director's Plan
Nonemployee Directors’ Compensation Plan, as amended and restated 12/31/2008
2012 Equity Plan
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
3
Table of Contents
Item 1.
Business
Introduction
PART I
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. traces its history back to 1847. Today, we are a leading mining and natural resources
company in the United States. We are a major supplier of iron ore pellets to the North American steel industry from our
mines and pellet plants located in Michigan and Minnesota. Additionally, Cliffs operates an iron ore mining complex in
Western Australia. Driven by the core values of safety, social, environmental and capital stewardship, our employees
endeavor to provide all stakeholders with operating and financial transparency.
We are organized through a global commercial group responsible for sales and delivery of our products and
operations groups responsible for the production of the iron ore that we market. Our continuing operations are organized
according to geographic location: U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore.
In the U.S., we currently own or co-own five iron ore mines in Michigan and Minnesota. We are currently operating
the two iron mines in Michigan and one of the three iron ore mines in Minnesota. Two of our three iron ore operations in
Minnesota are temporarily idled due to reductions in iron ore pellet nominations from our customers due to the continued
oversupply of steel in the U.S. market as a result of record levels of imported steel which stems from excess supply in
the global markets. Our Asia Pacific operations consist solely of our Koolyanobbing iron ore mining complex in Western
Australia.
Also, for the majority of 2015, we operated two metallurgical coal operations in Alabama and West Virginia. In
December 2015, we completed the sale of these operations, which marked our exit from the coal business. As of March
31, 2015, management determined that our North American Coal operating segment met the criteria to be classified as
held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. As such, all current year and historical North American
Coal operating segment results are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued operations.
Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further discussion of the North American Coal segment
discontinued operations.
Additionally, we continue to own two non-operating iron ore mines in Eastern Canada that are currently in
restructuring proceedings in Montreal, Quebec, under the CCAA. The CCAA filing related to our Eastern Canadian Iron
Ore operations is more fully described below in the Business Segments section and in NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED
OPERATIONS. Financial results prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and Wabush Groups and
subsequent expenses directly associated with the Bloom Lake Group, Wabush Group and certain other wholly-owned
subsidiaries (collectively, the "Canadian Entities") are included in our financial statements and classified within
discontinued operations.
Unless otherwise noted, discussion of our business and results of operations in this Annual Report on Form 10-
K refers to our continuing operations.
The Company is Focused on our Core U.S. Iron Ore Business
We continue to execute the strategy that was established in 2014, which focuses on becoming a company fully
centered on our U.S. Iron Ore business. We are the market-leading iron ore producer in the U.S., supplying differentiated
iron ore pellets under long-term contracts, some of which begin to expire in December 2016, to the largest North American
steel producers. Cliffs has the unique advantage of being a low cost producer of iron ore pellets in the U.S. market with
significant transportation and logistics advantages to effectively serve the U.S. steel market. Pricing structures contained
in and the long-term supply provided by our existing contracts, along with our low-cost operating profile, positions U.S.
Iron Ore as our most stable business. We expect to continue to strengthen our U.S. Iron Ore cost operating profile
through continuous operational improvements and disciplined capital allocation policies. Strategically, we continue to
develop various entry options into the EAF market. As the EAF steel market continues to grow in the U.S., there is an
opportunity for our iron ore to serve this market by providing pellets to the alternative metallics market to produce direct
reduced iron pellets, hot briquetted iron and/or pig iron. In 2015, we produced and shipped a batch trial of DR-grade
pellets, a source of lower silica iron units for the production of direct reduced iron pellets. In early 2016, we reached a
significant milestone with positive results from the successful industrial trial of our DR-grade pellets. While we are still
in the early stages of developing our alternative metallic business, we believe this will open up a new opportunity for us
to diversify our product mix and add new customers to our U.S. Iron Ore segment beyond the traditional blast furnace
clientele.
4
Table of Contents
Business Segments
Our Company’s continuing operations are organized and managed according to geographic location: U.S. Iron
Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore.
Segment information reflects our business units, which are organized to meet customer requirements and global
competition. We have historically evaluated segment performance based on sales margin, defined as revenues less
cost of goods sold, and operating expenses identifiable to each segment. Additionally, beginning in the third quarter of
2014, concurrent with the change in control on July 29, 2014, management began to evaluate segment performance
based on EBITDA, defined as net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization,
and Adjusted EBITDA, defined as EBITDA excluding certain items such as impairment of goodwill and other long-lived
assets, impacts of discontinued operations, extinguishment of debt, severance and contractor termination costs and
other costs associated with the change in control, foreign currency remeasurement, certain supplies inventory write-offs,
and intersegment corporate allocations of selling, general and administrative costs. Management uses and believes
that investors benefit from referring to these measures in evaluating operating and financial results, as well as in planning,
forecasting and analyzing future periods as these financial measures approximate the cash flows associated with the
operational earnings. Financial information about our segments, including financial information about geographic areas,
is included in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and NOTE
2 - SEGMENT REPORTING included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
U.S. Iron Ore
We are a major producer of iron ore pellets, primarily selling production from U.S. Iron Ore to integrated steel
companies in the U.S. and Canada. We manage five iron ore mines located in Michigan and Minnesota. In Michigan,
we are currently operating the two iron ore mines, Empire mine and Tilden mine. In Minnesota, we are currently operating
one iron ore mine, Hibbing mine. The other two iron ore operations in Minnesota, United Taconite mine and Northshore
mine, are temporarily idled due to reduced pellet demand from our customers. The idling of United Taconite mine began
during August 2015 and the idling of Northshore mine began at the end of November 2015. Both mines are expected
to be idled through at least the first quarter of 2016. The U.S.-based mines currently have an annual rated capacity of
32.9 million tons of iron ore pellet production, representing 56 percent of total U.S. pellet production capacity. Based on
our equity ownership in these mines, our share of the annual rated production capacity is currently 25.5 million tons,
representing 44 percent of total U.S. annual pellet capacity.
The following chart summarizes the estimated annual pellet production capacity and percentage of total U.S.
pellet production capacity for each of the respective iron ore producers as of December 31, 2015:
U.S. Iron Ore Pellet
Annual Rated Capacity Tonnage
Current Estimated Capacity
(Tons in Millions) (1)
Percent of Total
U.S. Capacity
All Cliffs’ managed mines
Other U.S. mines
U.S. Steel’s Minnesota ore operations
Minnesota Taconite
Keewatin Taconite
Total U.S. Steel
ArcelorMittal USA Minorca mine
Magnetation
Total other U.S. mines
Total U.S. mines
(1) Tons are long tons (2,240 pounds)
32.9
14.3
5.4
19.7
2.8
3.0
25.5
58.4
56.3%
24.6
9.2
33.8
4.8
5.1
43.7
100.0%
Our U.S. iron ore production generally is sold pursuant to long-term supply agreements with various price
adjustment provisions. For the year ended December 31, 2015, we produced a total of 26.1 million tons of iron ore
pellets, including 19.3 million tons for our account and 6.8 million tons on behalf of steel company partners of the mines.
5
Table of Contents
We produce various grades of iron ore pellets, including standard and fluxed, for use in our customers’ blast
furnaces as part of the steelmaking process. Additionally, as the EAF steel market continues to grow in the U.S., there
is an opportunity for our iron ore to serve this market by providing pellets to the alternative metallics market to produce
direct reduced iron pellets, hot briquetted iron and/or pig iron. In 2015, we produced and shipped a batch trial of DR-
grade pellets, a source of lower silica iron units for the production of direct reduced iron pellets. In early 2016, we reached
a significant milestone with positive results from the successful industrial trial of our DR-grade pellets. While we are still
in the early stages of developing our alternative metallic business, we believe this will open up a new opportunity for us
to diversify our product mix and add new customers to our U.S. Iron Ore segment beyond the traditional blast furnace
clientele.
The variation in grades of iron ore pellets results from the specific chemical and metallurgical properties of the
ores at each mine and whether or not fluxstone is added in the process. Although the grade or grades of pellets currently
delivered to each customer are based on that customer’s preferences, which depend in part on the characteristics of the
customer’s blast furnace operation, in many cases our iron ore pellets can be used interchangeably. Industry demand
for the various grades of iron ore pellets depends on each customer’s preferences and changes from time to time. In
the event that a given mine is operating at full capacity, the terms of most of our pellet supply agreements allow some
flexibility in providing our customers iron ore pellets from different mines.
Standard pellets require less processing, are generally the least costly pellets to produce and are called “standard”
because no ground fluxstone, such as limestone or dolomite, is added to the iron ore concentrate before turning the
concentrate into pellets. In the case of fluxed pellets, fluxstone is added to the concentrate, which produces pellets that
can perform at higher productivity levels in the customer’s specific blast furnace and will minimize the amount of fluxstone
the customer may be required to add to the blast furnace.
Each of our U.S. Iron Ore mines is located near the Great Lakes. The majority of our iron ore pellets are
transported via railroads to loading ports for shipment via vessel to steelmakers in North America.
Our U.S. Iron Ore sales are influenced by seasonal factors in the first quarter of the year as shipments and sales
are restricted by the Army Corp of Engineers due to closure of the Soo Locks and the Welland Canal on the Great Lakes.
During the first quarter, we continue to produce our products, but we cannot ship those products via lake vessel until the
conditions on the Great Lakes are navigable, which causes our first and second quarter inventory levels to rise. Our
limited practice of shipping product to ports on the lower Great Lakes or to customers’ facilities prior to the transfer of
title has somewhat mitigated the seasonal effect on first and second quarter inventories and sales, as shipment from
this point to the customers’ operations is not limited by weather-related shipping constraints. At December 31, 2015 and
2014, we had approximately 1.3 million and 1.4 million tons of pellets, respectively, in inventory at lower lakes or customers’
facilities.
U.S. Iron Ore Customers
Our U.S. Iron Ore revenues primarily are derived from sales of iron ore pellets to the North American integrated
steel industry, consisting of three major customers, two of which we currently have supply agreements. During the fourth
quarter of 2015, we terminated the long term agreement with our third major customer as a result of the continual material
breaches. Refer to the Essar section within Concentration of Customers below for further information. Generally, we
have multi-year supply agreements with our customers. Sales volume under these agreements largely is dependent on
customer requirements, and in many cases, we are the sole supplier of iron ore to the customer. Historically, each
agreement has contained a base price that is adjusted annually using one or more adjustment factors. Factors that
could result in a price adjustment include spot pricing, measures of general industrial inflation and steel prices. Additionally,
certain of our supply agreements have a provision that limits the amount of price increase or decrease in any given year.
During 2015, 2014 and 2013, we sold 17.3 million, 21.8 million and 21.3 million tons of iron ore pellets, respectively,
from our share of the production from our U.S. Iron Ore mines. The segment’s three major customers together accounted
for a total of 93 percent, 86 percent and 78 percent of U.S. Iron Ore product revenues for the years 2015, 2014 and
2013, respectively. Refer to Concentration of Customers below for additional information regarding our major customers.
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operations are located in Western Australia and consist solely of our wholly owned
Koolyanobbing operation.
The Koolyanobbing operations serve the Asian iron ore markets with direct-shipped fines and lump ore. The
lump products are fed directly to blast furnaces, while the fines products are used as sinter feed. The variation in the
two export product grades reflects the inherent chemical and physical characteristics of the ore bodies mined as well as
6
Table of Contents
the supply requirements of our customers. Production in 2015 was 11.7 million metric tons, compared with 11.4 million
metric tons in 2014 and 11.1 million metric tons in 2013.
Koolyanobbing is a collective term for the deposits at Koolyanobbing, Mount Jackson and Windarling. There
are approximately 70 miles separating the three mining areas. The operations at Windarling have been idled since the
beginning of the fourth quarter of 2015 as a result of cost cutting measures. Banded iron formations host the mineralization,
which is predominately hematite and goethite. Each deposit is characterized with different chemical and physical attributes
and, in order to achieve customer product quality, ore in varying quantities from each deposit must be blended together.
Crushing and blending are undertaken at Koolyanobbing, where the crushing and screening plant is located.
Once the blended ore has been crushed and screened into a direct lump and fines shipping product, it is transported by
rail approximately 360 miles south to the Port of Esperance, via Kalgoorlie, for shipment to our customers in Asia.
Asia Pacific Iron Ore Customers
Asia Pacific Iron Ore’s production is under contract with steel companies primarily in China, Japan and Korea.
In March 2015, we extended the majority of our supply agreements with steel producers in China, and one steel producer
in Japan, for two years. The remaining supply agreements with our China steel clients, as well as clients in Japan and
Korea, will currently expire in March 2016, but we anticipate that the majority of these contracts will be renewed for the
remainder of 2016 in conjunction with our customers’ fiscal year. Pricing for our Asia Pacific Iron Ore Chinese customers
consists of shorter-term pricing mechanisms of various durations up to 45 days based on the average of daily spot prices
that are generally associated with the time of unloading of each shipment. Pricing with our Japanese and Korean
customers is generally consistent with the inputs used with our Chinese customers, but the pricing inputs are fixed before
shipment.
During 2015, 2014 and 2013, we sold 11.6 million, 11.5 million and 11.0 million metric tons of iron ore, respectively,
from our Western Australia mines. No Asia Pacific Iron Ore customer comprised more than 10 percent of Cliffs consolidated
sales in 2015, 2014 or 2013. The segment’s five largest customers together accounted for a total of 47 percent, 38
percent and 42 percent of Asia Pacific Iron Ore product revenues for the years 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
North American Coal
Throughout the majority of 2015, we owned and operated two low-volatile metallurgical coal operations located
in Alabama and West Virginia. These low-volatile metallurgical coal operations had a rated capacity of 6.5 million tons
of production annually. In the fourth quarter of 2015, we sold these two low-volatile metallurgical coal operations, Pinnacle
mine and Oak grove mine, marking our exit from the coal business. The sale was completed on December 22, 2015. In
2015, we sold a total of 4.6 million tons, compared with 7.4 million tons in 2014 and 7.3 million tons in 2013. In the fourth
quarter of 2014, we sold our CLCC assets, which consisted of two high-volatile metallurgical coal mines and a thermal
coal mine. The sale was completed on December 31, 2014. Sales tons at the CLCC operations were 2.4 million tons
and 2.2 million tons for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and are included in the sales tons
disclosed above.
As of March 31, 2015, management determined that our North American Coal operating segment met the criteria
to be classified as held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. As such, all current year and
historical North American Coal operating segment results are included in our financial statements and classified within
discontinued operations. Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further discussion of the North American
Coal segment discontinued operations.
Eastern Canadian Iron Ore
We continue to own two iron ore mines in Eastern Canada that are currently in restructuring proceedings in
Montreal, Quebec, under the CCAA.
As disclosed in the first quarter of 2014, at the end of March 2014, we idled our Wabush Scully mine in
Newfoundland and Labrador and in November 2014, we began to implement the permanent closure plan for the mine.
The idle and ultimate closure was driven by the unsustainable high cost structure. Additionally, we disclosed in November
2014, that we were pursuing exit options for our Bloom Lake mine. As disclosed in January 2015, active production at
the Bloom Lake mine had ceased and the mine had transitioned to "care-and-maintenance" mode. Together, the shutdown
of the Wabush Scully mine and the cessation of operations at our Bloom Lake mine represented a complete curtailment
of our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operations.
During 2014 and 2013, we sold 7.2 million and 8.6 million metric tons of iron ore concentrate and pellets,
respectively, from our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore mines.
7
Table of Contents
As more fully described in NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, in January 2015, we announced that
the Bloom Lake Group commenced restructuring proceedings in Montreal, Quebec under the CCAA. At that time, we
had recently suspended Bloom Lake operations and for several months had been exploring options to sell certain of our
Canadian assets, among other initiatives. Effective January 27, 2015, following the CCAA filing of the Bloom Lake Group,
we deconsolidated the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries comprising substantially all of
our Canadian operations. Additionally, on May 20, 2015, the Wabush Group commenced restructuring proceedings in
Montreal, Quebec under the CCAA which resulted in the deconsolidation of the remaining Wabush Group entities that
were not previously deconsolidated. The Wabush Group was no longer generating revenues and was not able to meet
its obligations as they came due. As a result of this action, the CCAA protections granted to the Bloom Lake Group were
extended to include the Wabush Group to facilitate the reorganization of each of their businesses and operations. Financial
results prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and Wabush Groups and subsequent expenses directly
associated with the Canadian Entities are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued
operations.
Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further discussion of the Eastern Canadian Iron Ore
segment discontinued operations.
Investments
Amapá
On December 27, 2012, our Board of Directors authorized the sale of our 30 percent interest in Amapá. Per this
original agreement, together with Anglo, we were to sell our respective interest in a 100 percent sale transaction to Zamin.
On March 28, 2013, an unknown event caused the Santana port shiploader to collapse into the Amazon River,
preventing further ship loading by the mine operator, Anglo. In light of the Santana port shiploader collapse and subsequent
evaluation of the effect that this event had on the carrying value of our investment in Amapá as of June 30, 2013, we
recorded an impairment charge of $67.6 million in the second quarter of 2013.
On August 28, 2013, we entered into additional agreements to sell our 30 percent interest in Amapá to Anglo for
nominal cash consideration, plus the right to certain contingent deferred consideration upon the two-year anniversary of
the closing. However, no contingent deferred consideration was earned upon the two-year anniversary. The closing
was conditional on obtaining certain regulatory approvals and the additional agreement provided Anglo with an option
to request that we transfer our interest in Amapá directly to Zamin. Anglo exercised this option and the transfer to Zamin
closed in the fourth quarter of 2013. Our interest in Amapá previously was reported as our Latin American iron ore
operating segment.
Applied Technology, Research and Development
We have been a leader in iron ore mining and process technology for more than 160 years. We operated some
of the first mines on Michigan’s Marquette Iron Range and pioneered early open-pit and underground mining methods.
From the first application of electrical power in Michigan’s underground mines to the use of today’s sophisticated computers
and global positioning satellite systems, we have been a leader in the application of new technology to the centuries-old
business of mineral extraction. Today, our engineering and technical staffs are engaged in full-time technical support of
our operations and improvement of existing products.
We are a pioneer in iron ore pelletizing with over 60 years of experience. We are able to produce customized
pellets to meet each customer’s blast furnace specifications, and produce both standard and fluxed pellets. Using our
technical expertise and strong market position in the United States to increase our product offering, we have been
working on producing DR-grade pellets. In 2015, we produced and shipped a batch trial of DR-grade pellets, a source
of lower silica iron units for the production of direct reduced iron pellets. In early 2016, we reached a significant
milestone with positive results from the successful industrial trial of our DR-grade pellets.
With state-of-the-art equipment and experienced technical professionals, we remain on the forefront of mining
technology. We have an unsurpassed reputation for our pelletizing technology, delivering a world-class quality product
to our customers. We are a pioneer in the development of emerging reduction technologies, a leader in the extraction
of value from challenging resources and a frontrunner in the implementation of safe and sustainable technology. Our
technical experts are dedicated to excellence and deliver superior technical solutions tailored to our customer base.
8
Table of Contents
Concentration of Customers
In 2015, 2014 and 2013 we had three customers that individually accounted for more than 10 percent of our
consolidated product revenue. Product revenue from those customers represented in the chart below totaled
approximately $1.3 billion, $1.9 billion and $1.9 billion of our total consolidated product revenue in 2015, 2014 and 2013,
respectively, and is attributable to our U.S. Iron Ore business segment. The following represents sales revenue from
each of these customers as a percentage of our total consolidated product revenue, as well as the portion of product
sales for U.S. Iron Ore that is attributable to each of these customers in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively:
Customer 2
ArcelorMittal
AK Steel 3
Essar 4
Percentage of Total
Product Revenue 1
2014
29%
20%
13%
2013
24%
14%
14%
2015
37%
21%
12%
1 Excluding freight and venture partners’ cost reimbursements.
2 Includes subsidiaries.
3 Effective September 16, 2014, AK Steel completed the acquisition of Severstal North
America's integrated steelmaking assets located in Dearborn, Michigan. For comparative
purposes, we have combined historical data for all periods presented.
4 On October 5, 2015, we terminated the long term agreement with Essar.
Customer 2
ArcelorMittal
AK Steel 3
Essar 4
Percentage of U.S. Iron Ore
Product Revenue 1
2014
2013
2015
49%
29%
15%
40%
28%
18%
36%
21%
21%
1 Excluding freight and venture partners’ cost reimbursements.
2 Includes subsidiaries.
3 Effective September 16, 2014, AK Steel completed the acquisition of Severstal North
America's integrated steelmaking assets located in Dearborn, Michigan. For comparative
purposes, we have combined historical data for all periods presented.
4 On October 5, 2015, we terminated the long term agreement with Essar.
ArcelorMittal USA
Our pellet supply agreements with ArcelorMittal USA are the basis for supplying pellets to ArcelorMittal USA,
which is based on customer requirements, except for the Indiana Harbor East facility, which is based on customer contract
obligations. The following table outlines the expiration dates for each of the respective agreements:
Facility
Cleveland Works and Indiana Harbor West facilities
Indiana Harbor East facility
Agreement
Expiration
December 2016
January 2017
ArcelorMittal USA is a 62.3 percent equity participant in Hibbing, as well as, a 21.0 percent equity partner in
Empire with limited rights and obligations.
In 2015, 2014 and 2013, our U.S. Iron Ore pellet sales to ArcelorMittal were 9.7 million, 10.2 million and 9.5 million
tons, respectively.
9
Table of Contents
AK Steel
On September 16, 2014, AK Steel announced an acquisition of Severstal North America’s integrated steelmaking
assets located in Dearborn, Michigan. We had a long-term relationship to supply iron ore pellets to Severstal’s steelmaking
assets at that location. Upon consummation of the acquisition, the contract was automatically assigned to AK Steel.
The combination of sales pursuant to our preexisting sales agreement with AK Steel and the acquisition of the Dearborn
facility with its sales agreement accounts for more than 10 percent of our consolidated product revenue in 2015, 2014
and 2013.
On August 29, 2013 we entered into a new agreement with AK Steel to provide iron ore pellets to AK Steel for
use in its Middletown, Ohio and Ashland, Kentucky blast furnace facilities. This contract includes minimum and maximum
tonnage requirements for each year between 2014 and 2023.
Under the original agreement entered into with Severstal in 2006, we supply all of the Dearborn, Michigan facility’s
blast furnace pellet requirements through 2022, subject to specified minimum and maximum requirements in certain
years. AK Steel was the successor by merger of this contract and it remains in force. In September 2014, we entered
into an amendment to the Dearborn contract with AK Steel to document the 2013 base pricing provisions, among other
things, which resulted from an arbitration ruling in May 2014.
In 2015, 2014 and 2013, our U.S. Iron Ore pellet sales to AK Steel and the acquired Dearborn facility were 4.3
million, 5.8 million and 4.1 million tons, respectively.
Essar
Essar Steel Algoma Inc. ("Essar") is a Canadian steelmaker and a subsidiary of Essar Steel Holdings Limited.
We had a long term supply agreement under which we were Essar’s sole supplier of iron ore pellets through the end of
2016 and were required to deliver a set tonnage for less than Essar’s entire requirements through 2024. There were
multiple contract disputes that led to us filing a complaint in the Federal District Court in the Northern District of Ohio on
January 12, 2015. During the litigation process we asserted additional claims of material breach as a result of Essar’s
actions during the 2015 calendar year.
On October 5, 2015, Cliffs terminated the long term agreement with Essar as a result of Essar's multiple and
material breaches and ceased to supply Essar with pellets. On November 9, 2015, Essar filed for CCAA and Chapter
15 bankruptcy protection. We do not currently supply pellets to Essar and whether we will be required to supply pellets
in the future is undetermined at this time. The Canadian Superior Court may require Cliffs to supply Essar under the
terms of the agreement or other terms. Essar moved the Canadian CCAA Court to enter an injunction requiring us to
supply pellets. We filed a motion to remove the case to Ohio due to the CCAA Court's lack of jurisdiction. On January
25, 2016, the CCAA Court determined that it has jurisdiction over the issue. We remain open to discussing supplying
pellets on commercially reasonable terms consistent with a just-in-time iron ore supply arrangement. Our obligation
during 2015 was also undetermined and was a claim that was to be determined in the U.S. litigation. We delivered
approximately 2.5 million tons in 2015 prior to termination for which we received payment, but of that amount,
approximately 860 thousand tons were carryover tons. Pricing under the terminated agreement had been based on a
formula that includes international pellet prices.
In 2015, 2014 and 2013, our U.S. Iron Ore pellet sales to Essar were 2.5 million, 3.5 million and 3.4 million tons,
respectively.
Competition
Throughout the world, we compete with major and junior mining companies, as well as metals companies, both
of which produce steelmaking raw materials, including iron ore.
North America
In our U.S. Iron Ore business segment, we primarily sell our product to steel producers with operations in North
America. We compete directly with steel companies that own interests in iron ore mines in the United States and/or
Canada, including ArcelorMittal and U.S. Steel, and with major iron ore pellet exporters from Eastern Canada and Brazil.
Additionally, in 2015, finished steel import market share was a record 29 percent in the U.S., up from 28 percent in 2014.
As a result, steel utilization rates in North America were recorded at multi-year lows. The reduced demand for U.S.
produced steel negatively affects the demand for iron ore pellets within North America.
10
Table of Contents
A number of factors beyond our control affect the markets in which we sell our iron ore. Continued demand for
our iron ore and the prices obtained by us primarily depend on the consumption patterns of the steel industry in the U.S.,
China and elsewhere around the world, as well as the availability, location, cost of transportation and competing prices.
Asia Pacific
In our Asia Pacific Iron Ore business segment, we export iron ore products to the Asia Pacific markets, including
China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. In the Asia Pacific marketplace, we compete with major iron ore exporters from
Australia, Brazil and South Africa. These include Anglo, BHP Billiton, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd., Rio Tinto plc and
Vale, among others.
Competition in steelmaking raw materials is predicated upon the usual competitive factors of price, availability
of supply, product quality and performance, service and transportation cost to the consumer of the raw materials.
Environment
Our mining activities are subject to various laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment.
We conduct our operations in a manner that is protective of public health and the environment and believe our operations
are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in all material respects.
Environmental issues and their management continued to be an important focus at each of our operations
throughout 2015. In the construction of our facilities and in their operation, substantial costs have been incurred and will
continue to be incurred to avoid undue effect on the environment. Our capital expenditures relating to environmental
matters totaled approximately $17 million, $33 million and $32 million, in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Approximately
$5 million, $3 million and $5 million of the 2015, 2014 and 2013 capital expenditures, respectively, relating to environmental
matters is attributable to the North American Coal operations that were sold during December 2015. Additionally,
approximately $22 million and $14 million of the 2014 and 2013 capital expenditures, respectively, relating to
environmental matters, but excluding any expenditures relating to the Bloom Lake tailings and water management system,
is attributable to the Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operations that are currently in restructuring proceedings under the
CCAA. It is estimated that capital expenditures for environmental improvements will total approximately $26 million in
2016 which is related to our U.S. Iron Ore operations for various water treatment, air quality, dust control, selenium
management, tailings management and other miscellaneous environmental projects.
Regulatory Developments
Various governmental bodies continually promulgate new or amended laws and regulations that affect our
Company, our customers and our suppliers in many areas, including waste discharge and disposal, the classification of
materials and products, air and water discharges and many other environmental, health and safety matters. Although
we believe that our environmental policies and practices are sound and do not expect that the application of any current
laws or regulations reasonably would be expected to result in a material adverse effect on our business or financial
condition, we cannot predict the collective adverse impact of the expanding body of laws and regulations.
Specifically, there are several notable proposed or potential rulemakings or activities that could potentially have
a material adverse impact on our facilities in the future depending on their ultimate outcome: Climate Change and GHG
Regulation, Regional Haze, NO2 and SO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Cross State Air Pollution Rule,
increased administrative and legislative initiatives related to mining activities, Mercury TMDL and Minnesota Taconite
Mercury Reduction Strategy's evolving water quality standards for selenium, sulfate and conductivity and scope of the
Clean Water Act and definition of “Waters of the United States”.
11
Table of Contents
Climate Change and GHG Regulation
With the complexities and uncertainties associated with the U.S. and global navigation of the climate change
issue as a whole, one of our significant risks for the future is mandatory carbon legislation. Policymakers are in the
design process of carbon regulation at the state, regional, national and international levels. The current regulatory
patchwork of carbon compliance schemes presents a challenge for multi-facility entities to identify their near-term risks.
Amplifying the uncertainty, the dynamic forward outlook for carbon regulation presents a challenge to large industrial
companies to assess the long-term net impacts of carbon compliance costs on their operations. Our exposure on this
issue includes both the direct and indirect financial risks associated with the regulation of GHG emissions, as well as
potential physical risks associated with climate change. We are continuing to review the physical risks related to climate
change utilizing a formal risk management process. As an energy-intensive business, our GHG emissions inventory
captures a broad range of emissions sources, such as iron ore furnaces and kilns, diesel mining equipment and our
wholly owned Silver Bay power generation plant, among others. As such, our most significant regulatory risks are: (1) the
costs associated with on-site emissions levels (direct impacts), and (2) the costs passed through to us from power
generators and distillate fuel suppliers (indirect impacts).
Internationally, mechanisms to reduce emissions are being implemented in various countries, with differing
designs and stringency, according to resources, economic structure and politics. We expect that momentum to extend
carbon regulation will continue with passage of the "Paris Climate Agreement" to keep global temperature rise to below
two degrees Celsius. Continued political attention to issues concerning climate change, the role of human activity in it
and potential mitigation through regulation may have a material impact on the company's customer base, operations
and financial results in the future.
In the U.S., federal carbon regulation potentially presents a significantly greater impact to our operations. To
date, the U.S. Congress has not legislated carbon constraints. In the absence of comprehensive federal carbon legislation,
numerous state, regional, and federal regulatory initiatives are under development or are becoming effective, thereby
creating a disjointed approach to carbon control. On May 13, 2010, the U.S. EPA promulgated the GHG Tailoring Rule
establishing a mechanism for regulating GHG emissions from facilities through the Prevention of Significant Deterioration
permitting program under the CAA. Under the GHG Tailoring Rule, as modified by the recent U.S. Supreme Court decision
upholding some components of the rule, new projects that increase GHG emissions by a significant amount (generally
more than 75,000 tons of CO2 emissions per year) are subject to the PSD requirements, including the installation of best
available control technology, if the project also significantly increases emissions of at least one non-GHG regulated
criteria pollutant. We do not expect the Tailoring Rule provision to materially adversely affect our business in the near
term and we cannot reliably estimate the long term impact of the regulation.
On June 25, 2013, President Obama issued a memorandum directing the EPA to develop carbon emission
standards for both new and existing power plants under the Clean Air Act's NSPS. On October 23, 2015, EPA
promulgated the "Clean Power Plan" which consists of NSPS regulating carbon dioxide from existing power plants at
a level of approximately 32 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. States must submit Clean Power Plan SIPs by
September 2016, though extension waivers until 2018 are available. These rules do not affect our Silver Bay
combined heat and power generating facility. We anticipate that EPA will continue to work on additional GHG NSPS
regulations for other industrial categories, including the iron and steel industry, however we cannot reliably estimate
the timing or long term impact of future NSPS regulations.
Due to the EPA's Tailoring Rule and GHG NSPS regulations our business and customer base could suffer
negative financial impacts over time as a result of increased energy, environmental and other costs in order to comply
with the limitations that would be imposed on greenhouse gas emissions. We believe our exposure can be reduced
substantially by numerous factors, including currently contemplated regulatory flexibility mechanisms, such as allowance
allocations, fixed process emissions exemptions, offsets and international provisions; emissions reduction opportunities,
including energy efficiency, biofuels, fuel flexibility, emerging shale gas, coal mine methane offset reduction; and business
opportunities associated with pursuing combined heat and power partnerships and new products, including DRI pellets,
fluxed pellets and other technology.
We have worked proactively to develop a comprehensive, enterprise-wide GHG management strategy aimed
at considering all significant aspects associated with GHG initiatives to plan effectively for and manage climate change
issues, including risks and opportunities as they relate to the environment, stakeholders, including shareholders and the
public, legislative and regulatory developments, operations, products and markets.
12
Table of Contents
Regional Haze
In June 2005, the EPA finalized amendments to its regional haze rules. The rules require states establish goals
and emission reduction strategies for improving visibility in all Class I national parks and wilderness areas. Among the
states with Class I areas are Michigan and Minnesota in which we currently own and manage mining operations. The
first phase of the regional haze rule (2008-2018) requires analysis and installation of BART on eligible emission sources
and incorporation of BART and associated emission limits into SIPs.
Minnesota submitted a regional haze SIP to the EPA on December 30, 2009, and a supplement to the SIP on
May 8, 2012. Michigan submitted its regional haze SIP to the EPA on November 5, 2010. During the second quarter of
2012, the EPA also sent information requests to all taconite facilities requesting information on SO2 and NOx emissions
and control technology assessments. On June 12, 2012, the EPA approved revisions to the Minnesota SIP addressing
regional haze, but also announced it was deferring action on emission limitations that Minnesota intended to represent
BART for taconite facilities. On August 15, 2012, the EPA proposed to deny the Michigan and Minnesota taconite SIP
BART determinations and simultaneously proposed a separate FIP for taconite facilities. During the comment period
for the proposed FIP rule, the taconite industry and other stakeholders developed detailed comments and shared
information to address furnace specific case-by-case circumstances. On January 15, 2013, the EPA signed the final FIP
for taconite facilities. The final FIP reflects progress toward a more technically and economically feasible regional haze
implementation plan and eliminates the need for investing in additional SO2 emission control equipment. However, we
remain concerned about the technical and economic feasibility of EPA's BART determination for NOx emissions and we
filed a petition for review in the 8th Circuit Court and subsequently received a judicial stay of the FIP which enabled us
to conduct a detailed engineering analysis to determine the impact of the regulations on each unique iron ore indurating
furnace affected by this rule. The results of this analysis enabled us to reach a settlement with EPA which was incorporated
into an amended rule and public noticed in the Federal Register on October 22, 2015. Cost estimates associated with
the settlement are reflected in our 5-year capital plan.
NO2 and SO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
During the first half of 2010, the EPA promulgated rules that require states to use a combination of air quality
monitoring and computer modeling to determine areas of each state that are in attainment with new NO2 and SO2
standards and those areas that are not in attainment with such standards. During the third quarter of 2011, the EPA
issued guidance to the regulated community on conducting refined air quality dispersion modeling and implementing the
new NO2 and SO2 standards. During June 2011, our Minnesota iron ore mining operations received a request from the
MPCA to develop modeling and compliance plans by which each facility would demonstrate compliance with the NO2
and SO2 NAAQS pursuant to the Taconite Regional Haze SIP Long Term Strategy (LTS). Compliance with the LTS
modeling demonstrations was originally set for June 30, 2017. On August 20, 2015, EPA released its final Data
Requirement Rule (DRR) for characterizing SO2 sources under the 2010 1 Hr SO2 NAAQS. Cliffs’ operation subject to
the SO2 DRR, Northshore Mining, is anticipated to demonstrate compliance with the SO2 DRR without incurring additional
capital investment. All of our other operations in Minnesota and Michigan are expected to be in attainment for NO2 and
SO2 NAAQS without incurring additional capital investment. Further, Minnesota is expected to remove NAAQS modeling
obligations under the LTS in light of reduction in haze emissions associated with pending amendment of the taconite
Regional Haze FIP regulations. While we will continue to monitor these developments and assess potential impacts to
Cliffs, we do not anticipate further capital investments will be necessary for the pending NO2 and SO2 DRR SIP rulemaking.
Cross State Air Pollution Rule
On July 6, 2011, the EPA promulgated the CSAPR, which was intended to be an emissions trading rule for SO2
and NOx. Northshore's Silver Bay Power Plant would have been subject to this rule; however Minnesota elected to
follow EPA guidance allowing CSAPR to stand as BART. CSAPR was vacated by the D.C. Circuit Court during the third
quarter of 2012. Late in 2014, the Supreme Court re-instated CSAPR with an effective date of January 1, 2015, re-
instating the obligations of this rule for Silver Bay Power. In January, 2016, the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals re-affirmed
EPA use of CSAPR is equal to or better than BART. Immediate compliance obligations are being met at this time, with
the material obligation being procurement of the first year of emissions allowances by March 2016 for the 2015 operating
year. Silver Bay Power has installed low NOx burners to reduce emissions that will limit the cost exposure to the emission
trading market. The allowance pricing market indicates the annual costs to comply with CSAPR will be less than $0.2
million for 2015 and future allowance prices are anticipated to remain favorable under the existing framework. While
we will continue to monitor the availability and pricing of CSAPR allowances and future EPA allocations of CSAPR
allowances to Northshore’s Silver Bay Power Plant, we do not anticipate exposure to material costs for existing CSAPR
obligations and we cannot reasonably estimate the long term impact of CSAPR should EPA reduce the allocations in
response to future lower ozone or PM2.5 regulations.
13
Table of Contents
Mercury TMDL and Minnesota Taconite Mercury Reduction Strategy
TMDL regulations are contained in the Clean Water Act. As a part of Minnesota's Mercury TMDL Implementation
Plan, in cooperation with the MPCA, the taconite industry developed a Taconite Mercury Reduction Strategy and signed
a voluntary agreement in 2009 to effectuate its terms. The strategy includes a 75 percent target reduction of mercury
air emissions from Minnesota pellet plants collectively by 2025. It recognizes that mercury emission control technology
currently does not exist and will be pursued through a research effort. According to the voluntary agreement, any
developed technology must meet the “adaptive management criteria” such that the technology must be economically
feasible, must not impact pellet quality, and must not cause excessive corrosion in pellet furnaces, associated duct work
and existing wet scrubbers on the furnaces.
According to the voluntary agreement, the mines proceeded with medium- and long-term testing of possible
technologies. For Cliffs, the requirements in the voluntary agreement apply to the United Taconite and Hibbing facilities.
At this time, we are unable to predict the potential impacts of the voluntary Taconite Mercury Reduction Strategy. However,
a number of research projects were conducted between 2011 and 2014 as the industry continues to assess options for
reduction. While injection of powdered activated carbon into furnace off-gasses for mercury capture in the wet scrubbers
showed positive initial results, further testing during 2013 yielded lower overall potential. Alternate technologies are
presently being assessed in our ongoing efforts to develop cost effective mercury reduction technologies for our indurating
furnaces.
On September 22, 2014, Minnesota promulgated the Mercury Air Emissions Reporting and Reduction Rule
mandating mercury air emissions reporting and reduction. The adopted rule expanded applicability to all of our Minnesota
operations and requires submitting a mercury reduction plan in 2018 to reduce mercury emissions from all of our Minnesota
taconite furnaces by 72 percent by January 2025. The adopted rule does not include all four Adaptive Management
Criteria for evaluating mercury reduction, which were agreed upon in the October 2009 Minnesota’s Mercury TMDL
Implementation Plan.
To date, there is currently no proven technology to cost effectively reduce mercury emissions from taconite
furnaces to the target level of 72 percent that would meet all four Adaptive Management Criteria. We remain concerned
about the technical and economic feasibility to reduce taconite mercury emissions by 72 percent and are conducting
detailed engineering analysis to determine the impact of the regulations on each unique iron ore indurating furnace
affected by this rule. The results of this analysis will guide further dialog with the MPCA regarding our implementation
of the requirements. Because development of the technology is in the early stages, any impacts to Cliffs are not estimable
at this time.
Selenium Discharge Regulation
In Michigan, Empire and Tilden have developed compliance strategies to manage selenium according to the
permit conditions. Empire and Tilden submitted the first permit required Selenium Storm Water Management Plan to
the MDEQ in December 2011; and have updated it annually as required. The Selenium Storm Water Management Plan
outlines the activities that will be undertaken to address selenium in storm water discharges from our Michigan operations.
A prefeasibility engineering estimate for full scale implementation of the storm water collection and conveyance system
by November 2017 is approximately $24 million and is included in the 5-year capital plan. A storm water treatment
system for both facilities is anticipated sometime before 2025. The cost of the future treatment systems could be
significant, although we are continuing to assess and develop cost effective and sustainable treatment technologies.
Tilden's NPDES permit contains a compliance schedule for selenium with a limit of five µg/l that will be effective
as of November 1, 2017, at Tilden's Gribben Tailings Basin outfall. Tilden initiated a prudent and feasible alternatives
analysis to further define solutions and cost estimates. An engineering estimate for the selected suite of solutions indicates
capital costs will be less than $23 million. In July 2015, the EPA proposed new selenium fish tissue limits and lower
lentic and lotic water column concentration criteria which may increase the cost for treatment. We are incorporating this
contingency into our planning and treatment technology assessment.
14
Table of Contents
Definition of “Waters of the United States” Under the Clean Water Act
The EPA and Army Corps of Engineers’ promulgated the rule, “Definition of ‘Waters of the United States’ Under
the Clean Water Act,” 80 Fed. Reg. 37053 (June 29, 2015), which attempted to add clarity to which waters are jurisdictional
under the federal Clean Water Act, and will apply to all Clean Water Act programs, including the Sec. 402 and Sec. 404
permitting programs, Sec. 311 spill prevention program and Sec. 401 state certification process. It is unclear how the
federal and state agencies will implement and enforce the final rule, and how the courts will interpret going forward. The
regulation may expand EPA’s authority under the Clean Water Act to many traditionally unregulated mine features such
as mine pits, pit lakes, on site ditches, water retention structures, and tailings basins creating a new burden on our U.S.
facilities. This could further be interpreted to add questionable regulatory authority over the groundwater connections
between these features and nearby traditionally navigable waters. On October 9, 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Sixth Circuit issued a nationwide stay of this rule while the jurisdiction and legality of the rule are decided in court.
We are actively participating in the rulemaking development and assessing the potential impacts to our operations.
Because the rule is being litigated, and until the rule is finally implemented, any impacts to Cliffs are not estimable at this
time.
Minnesota’s Proposed Sulfate Wild Rice Water Quality Standard
The Minnesota Legislature provided $1.5 million in 2011 for a study to gather additional information about the
effects of sulfate and other substances on the growth of wild rice, and to support an update to the sulfate wild rice water
quality standard originally adopted in 1973 by the MPCA. The MPCA contracted with the University of Minnesota to
conduct several research projects as part of this study. Concurrently, the Minnesota Chamber of Commerce contracted
an independent lab to conduct companion research on the impacts of sulfate on wild rice. In March 2015, MPCA released
a draft proposal for protecting wild rice from sulfate, which included a draft sulfate wild rice water quality standard, a draft
list of waters where the standard would apply, and criteria for adding waters to that list. The draft wild rice water quality
standard is an equation that utilizes measured sediment parameters to calculate a sulfate limit protective of wild rice.
The independent research conducted by the independent lab contracted by the Minnesota Chamber of Commerce does
not directly support the validity of the MPCA’s proposed approach. The rulemaking has a legislated deadline for completion
of January 15, 2018. Due to the proposed standard being based on measured sediment parameters that Cliffs is not in
possession of near our operating facilities, and uncertainty regarding which waters the standard will apply to, the impacts
of the proposed wild rice water quality standard to Cliffs are not estimable at this time.
Conductivity
Conductivity, the measurement of water’s ability to conduct electricity, is a surrogate parameter that generally
increases as the amount of dissolved minerals in water increases. In 2011, the EPA issued “A Field-Based Aquatic Life
Benchmark for Conductivity in Central Appalachian Streams” which established a recommended conductivity benchmark
of 300 µS/cm for the region. The issuance of a benchmark outside of the established rulemaking process was subsequently
the subject of litigation in National Mining Association v. Jackson, 880 F. Supp. 2d 119 (D.D.C. 2012) where the court
ruled the benchmark is nothing more than a non-binding suggestion. Three years later in Ohio Valley Environmental
Coalition, et al. v. Elk Run Coal Co., et al., 3:12-cv-00785 (S.D. W. Va.), a judicial decision held that levels of conductivity
higher than the EPA’s benchmark constituted a violation of the state’s narrative water quality standards, were unsupported
by science and contrary to decisions previously made by the West Virginia DEP and the West Virginia Supreme Court.
In 2015, a group filed a petition with EPA Region 5 alleging that Minnesota was failing to properly implement the state
NPDES program; and one of the various allegations asserts that MPCA should be assessing compliance with the state’s
narrative water quality standard against the EPA’s conductivity benchmark for the Central Appalachian region. On
December 30, 2015, the EPA provided MPCA a draft of the Protocol for Responding to Issues Related to Permitting and
Enforcement which indicates that EPA staff will be reviewing available scientific basis in peer reviewed literature as well
as promulgated standards. Since the EPA’s review has yet to begin and the forthcoming findings and recommendations,
if any, are unknown, the exact nature of the risk to Cliffs is unknown; however, direct application of the 300 µS/cm
benchmark to Cliffs’ Minnesota-based assets may have a material impact.
For additional information on our environmental matters, refer to Item 3. Legal Proceedings and NOTE 11 -
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATIONS in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
15
Table of Contents
Energy
Electricity
The state of Michigan is a deregulated electricity state, which affords our mines the ability to purchase electrical
energy supply from various suppliers while continuing to purchase distribution service from the incumbent utility. As of
September 1, 2013, our Tilden and Empire mines in Michigan exercised the right to purchase electrical supply from
Integrys Energy Services while continuing to purchase distribution service from Wisconsin Electric Power Company. The
pricing of electricity in the deregulated market is based on the Midwestern Independent System Operator Day-Ahead
price. Beginning on February 1, 2015, we began purchasing our electricity supply from the Wisconsin Electric Power
Company in a regulated fashion as we terminated our contract with Integrys Energy Services. As of February 1, 2015,
Wisconsin Electric Power Company is the sole supplier of electric power to our Empire and Tilden mines. As of April 24,
2015, the Tilden and Empire mines executed special electricity contracts with Wisconsin Electric Power Company. The
term of these contracts is through 2019. Wisconsin Electric Power Company provides 300 megawatts of electricity to
Empire and Tilden at special rates that are regulated by the MPSC. The pricing under these contracts is generally fixed
except Empire and Tilden are subject to frequent changes in Wisconsin Electric Power Company's power supply
adjustment factor. Empire and Tilden may also incur additional liabilities depending on the outcome of various proceedings
concerning MISO's revised cost allocation methodology for continued operation of the Presque Isle Power Plant in
Michigan. If FERC were to decide to award SSR costs based on a revised cost allocation methodology applied
retroactively, this could result in a substantial potential liability to our Empire and Tilden mines.
Electric power for the Hibbing and United Taconite mines is supplied by Minnesota Power. On September 16,
2008, the mines finalized agreements with terms from November 1, 2008 through December 31, 2015. The agreements
were approved by the MPUC in 2009. The terms of the agreements included an automatic five-year extension that began
January 1, 2016.
Silver Bay Power Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of ours, with a 115 megawatt power plant, provides the
majority of Northshore’s electrical energy requirements. Silver Bay Power has an interconnection agreement with
Minnesota Power for backup power when excess generation is necessary.
Koolyanobbing and its associated satellite mines draw power from independent diesel-fueled power stations
and generators. Diesel power generation capacity has been installed at the Koolyanobbing operations.
Process and Diesel Fuel
We have a long-term contract providing for the transport of natural gas on the Northern Natural Gas Pipeline for
our U.S. Iron Ore operations. At U.S. Iron Ore, the Empire and Tilden mines have the capability of burning natural gas,
coal or, to a lesser extent, oil. The Hibbing and Northshore mines have the capability to burn natural gas and oil. The
United Taconite mine has the ability to burn coal, natural gas and petroleum coke. Consistent with 2015, we expect
during 2016 our U.S. Iron Ore operations will utilize both natural gas and coal to heat furnaces and produce power at
our Silver Bay Power facility.
All of our mines utilize diesel fuel mainly for our mobile fleet. Como Oil and Propane supplies diesel fuel to all
of our U.S. Iron Ore locations from the Calumet refinery in Superior, Wisconsin. Our U.S. Iron Ore locations are
contracted with Como Oil and Propane through the end of 2018.
16
Table of Contents
Employees
As of December 31, 2015, we had a total of 2,638 employees.
2015
2014
2013
U.S. Iron Ore (1)
Salaried
Hourly (3)
Total
Asia Pacific Iron Ore (2)
Salaried
Hourly
Total
North American Coal
Salaried
Hourly
Total
Eastern Canadian Iron Ore (2)
Salaried
Hourly
Total
Corporate & Support Services
Salaried
Hourly
Total
Total
509
1,813
2,322
90
—
90
—
—
—
32
41
73
153
—
153
2,638
658
2,705
3,363
139
—
139
237
821
1,058
231
320
551
275
—
275
5,386
700
2,825
3,525
177
—
177
379
1,207
1,586
407
973
1,380
470
—
470
7,138
(1) Includes our employees and the employees of the U.S. Iron Ore joint ventures.
(2) Excludes contracted mining employees
(3) Excludes the employees on lay-off as a result of the idling of the United Taconite
and Northshore mines.
As of December 31, 2015, approximately 81.0 percent of our U.S. Iron Ore hourly employees were covered by
collective bargaining agreements. This percentage includes the U.S. Iron Ore hourly employees that are on lay-off and
excluded from the table above.
Hourly employees at our Michigan and Minnesota iron ore mining operations, excluding Northshore, are
represented by the USW and are covered by labor agreements between the USW and our various operating entities.
These labor agreements that cover approximately 2,000 USW-represented employees at our Empire and Tilden mines
in Michigan, and our United Taconite and Hibbing mines in Minnesota had an original term of September 1, 2012 through
September 30, 2015. We are actively negotiating with the USW for new agreements at those locations and have mutually
extended our agreements indefinitely with either party able to terminate upon seven days’ written notice. Employees at
our Northshore operations are not represented by a union and are not, therefore, covered by a collective bargaining
agreement.
Hourly employees at our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operations also are represented by the USW. The labor
agreement with the USW that covers our represented employees at Bloom Lake is effective from September 1, 2013
through August 31, 2016. The labor agreement with the USW that covers our represented employees at our Pointe Noire
facility, is effective from March 1, 2014 through February 28, 2020. The costs associated with the Eastern Canadian
Iron Ore employees that are shown in the chart above are not included in our consolidated results due to the
deconsolidation of our Canadian Entities in 2015. Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further
discussion of the Canadian Entities.
Hourly employees at our Lake Superior and Ishpeming railroads are represented by seven unions covering
approximately 108 employees. The labor agreements that cover these employees reopened for bargaining on December
17
Table of Contents
31, 2014 and we are actively bargaining with the seven unions that represent them for successor agreements. These
employees negotiate under the Railway Labor Act, which provides that labor agreements remain in force until replaced
by a successor agreement. Under the Railway Labor Act work stoppages cannot occur until the parties have engaged
in substantial negotiations, have mediated any disputes and have received a release from the National Mediation Board.
Employees at our Asia Pacific Iron Ore, Corporate and Support Services are not represented by a union and
are not, therefore, covered by collective bargaining agreements.
Safety
Safety is our primary core value as we continue toward a zero incident culture at our operating facilities. We
continuously monitor, track and measure our safety performance and make changes where necessary. Best practices
are shared globally to ensure each mine site can embed our policies, procedures and learnings for enhanced workplace
safety. We measure progress toward achieving our objective against regularly established benchmarks, including
measuring company-wide TRIR. During 2015, our TRIR (including contractors) was 1.71 per 200,000 man-hours worked.
Refer to Exhibit 95 Mine Safety Disclosures (filed herewith) for mine safety information required in accordance
with Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act.
Available Information
Our headquarters are located at 200 Public Square, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-2315, and our telephone number
is (216) 694-5700. We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and its rules and regulations. The
Exchange Act requires us to file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Copies of these reports
and other information can be read and copied at:
SEC Public Reference Room
100 F Street N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-
SEC-0330.
The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers
that file electronically with the SEC. These materials may be obtained electronically by accessing the SEC’s home page
at www.sec.gov.
We use our website, www.cliffsnaturalresources.com, as a channel for routine distribution of important
information, including news releases, investor presentations and financial information. We also make available, free of
charge on our website, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-
K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon
as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these documents with, or furnish them to, the SEC. In addition, our
website allows investors and other interested persons to sign up to receive automatic email alerts when we post news
releases and financial information on our website.
We also make available, free of charge on our website, the charters of the Audit Committee, Governance and
Nominating Committee and Compensation and Organization Committee as well as the Corporate Governance Guidelines
and the Code of Business Conduct & Ethics adopted by our Board of Directors. These documents are available through
our investor relations page on our website at ir.cliffsnaturalresources.com. The SEC filings are available by selecting
“Financial Information” and then “SEC Filings,” and corporate governance materials are available by selecting “Corporate
Governance” for the Board Committee Charters, operational governance guidelines and the Code of Business Conduct
and Ethics.
References to our website or the SEC’s website do not constitute incorporation by reference of the information
contained on such websites, and such information is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Copies of the above-referenced information are also available, free of charge, by calling (216) 694-5700 or upon
written request to:
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
Investor Relations
200 Public Square
Cleveland, OH 44114-2315
18
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Following are the names, ages and positions of the executive officers of the Company as of February 24, 2016.
Unless otherwise noted, all positions indicated are or were held with Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
Name
Lourenco Goncalves
Age Position(s) Held
58
Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer (August 2014 - present);
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Metals USA Holdings Corp., an
American manufacturer and processor of steel and other metals (May 2006 - April
2013); President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Metals USA Inc. (February
2003 - April 2006).
Terry G. Fedor
51
James D. Graham
50
Maurice D. Harapiak
54
Terrence R. Mee
46
Clifford T. Smith
56
P. Kelly Tompkins
59
Timothy K. Flanagan
38
Executive Vice President, United States Iron Ore (January 2014 - present); Vice
President (February 2011 - January 2014); Vice President and General Manager
(March 2005 - February 2011) of ArcelorMittal Cleveland, a fully integrated steelmaking
facility.
Executive Vice President (November 2014 - present); Chief Legal Officer (March 2013
- present); Secretary (March 2014 - present); Vice President (January 2011 - October
2014); General Counsel - Global Operations (January 2011 - March 2013); Assistant
General Counsel (April 2007 - December 2010).
Executive Vice President, Human Resources (June 2014 - present); Regional Director,
Human Resources - Barrick Gold of North America, a gold mining company (November
2011 - June 2014); Senior Director, Human Resources, Capital Projects - Barrick Gold
Corporation, a gold mining company (November 2007 - November 2011).
Executive Vice President, Global Commercial (October 2014 - present); Vice
President, Global Iron Ore Sales (February 2014 - October 2014); Senior Vice
President, Global Iron Ore Sales (March 2012 - February 2014); Senior Vice President,
Global Iron Ore & Metallic Sales (January 2011 - March 2012); Vice President, Sales
and Transportation (September 2007 - January 2011).
Executive Vice President, Business Development (April 2015 - present); Executive
Vice President, Seaborne Iron Ore (January 2014 - April 2015); Executive Vice
President, Global Operations (July 2013 - January 2014); Executive Vice President,
Global Business Development (March 2013 - July 2013); Senior Vice President, Global
Business Development (January 2011 - March 2013); Vice President, Latin American
Operations(September 2009 - January 2011).
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (April 2015 - present); Executive
Vice President, Business Development (October 2014 - April 2015); Executive Vice
President, External Affairs and President, Global Commercial (November 2013 -
October 2014); Chief Administrative Officer (July 2013 - November 2013); Executive
Vice President, Legal, Government Affairs and Sustainability (May 2010 - July 2013).
Chief Legal Officer (January 2011 - January 2013); President, Cliffs China (October
2012 - November 2013).
Vice President, Corporate Controller & Chief Accounting Officer (March 2012 -
present); Assistant Controller (February 2010 - March 2012); and Director, Internal
Audit (April 2008 - February 2010).
All executive officers serve at the pleasure of the Board. There are no arrangements or understandings between
any executive officer and any other person pursuant to which an executive officer was selected to be an officer of the
Company. There is no family relationship between any of our executive officers, or between any of our executive officers
and any of our directors.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
An investment in our common shares or other securities is subject to risk inherent to our business and our
industry. Described below are certain risks and uncertainties, the occurrences of which could have a material adverse
effect on us. Before making an investment decision, you should consider carefully all of the risks described below together
with the other information included in this report. The risks and uncertainties described below include known material
risks that we face currently. Although we have significant risk management policies, practices and procedures aimed to
mitigate these risks, uncertainties may nevertheless impair our business operation. This report is qualified in its entirety
by these factors.
Our ERM function provides a framework for management's consideration of risk when making strategic, financial,
operational and/or project decisions. The framework is based on ISO 31000, an internationally recognized risk
19
Table of Contents
management standard. Management uses a consistent methodology to identify and assess risks, determine and
implement risk mitigation actions, and monitor and communicate information about the Company's key risks. Through
these processes, we have identified six categories of risk that we are subject to: (I) economic and market, (II) regulatory,
(III) financial, (IV) operational, (V) development and sustainability and (VI) human capital. The following risk factors are
presented according to these key risk categories.
I. ECONOMIC AND MARKET RISKS
The volatility of commodity prices, namely iron ore and steel, affects our ability to generate revenue, maintain
stable cash flow and to fund our operations, including growth and expansion projects.
As a mining company, our profitability is dependent upon the price of the commodities that we sell to our customers
and the price of the products our customers sell, namely iron ore and steel prices. The price of iron ore has fluctuated
historically and is affected by factors beyond our control, including: steel inventories; international demand for raw
materials used in steel production; rates of global economic growth, especially construction and infrastructure activity
that requires significant amounts of steel; recession or reduced economic activity in the United States, China, India,
Europe and other industrialized or developing countries; uncertainties or weaknesses in global economic conditions such
as the sovereign debt crisis in Europe and the U.S. debt ceiling; changes in production capacity of other iron ore suppliers,
especially as additional supplies come online or where there is a significant increase in imports of steel into the United
States or Europe; weather-related disruptions or natural disasters that may impact the global supply of iron ore; and the
proximity, capacity and cost of infrastructure and transportation.
Our earnings, therefore, may fluctuate with the prices of the commodities we sell. To the extent that the prices
of iron ore and steel, including the average hot band steel price, subject to a pricing floor, significantly decline for an
extended period of time, we may have to revise our operating plans, including curtailing production, reducing operating
costs and capital expenditures and discontinuing certain exploration and development programs. We also may have to
take impairments on our assets, inventory and/or goodwill. Sustained lower prices also could cause us to further reduce
existing reserves if certain reserves no longer can be economically mined or processed at prevailing prices. We may
be unable to decrease our costs in an amount sufficient to offset reductions in revenues and may incur losses. These
events could have a material adverse effect on us.
Continued weaknesses in global economic conditions, reduced economic growth in China and oversupply of
iron ore and excess steel or imported products could affect adversely our business.
The world price of iron ore is influenced strongly by global economic conditions, including international demand
and supply for iron ore products. In particular, the current level of international demand for raw materials used in steel
production is driven largely by industrial growth in China. Continued weaknesses in global economic conditions, including
the slowing economic growth rate in China, has resulted, and could in the future result, in decreased demand for our
products and, together with oversupply of imported products, has and may continue to lead to decreased prices, resulting
in lower revenue levels and decreasing margins, which have in the past and may in the future affect adversely our
business and negatively impact our financial results. For example, U.S. Iron Ore's realized revenue decreased 23 percent
and 9 percent for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, while the Fe fines spot
price declined 43 percent and 29 percent over the same periods. We are not able to predict whether the global economic
conditions will continue or worsen and the impact it may have on our operations and the industry in general going forward.
In addition, due to lower demand for our products and the decline in the prices for our products, we have incurred,
and continue to incur, operating losses. We also have significant capital requirements, including interest payments to
service our debt. If we incur significant losses in future periods, we may be unable to continue as a going concern. If
we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may consider, among other options, restructuring our debt; however,
there can be no assurance that these options will be undertaken and, if so undertaken, whether these efforts will succeed.
20
Table of Contents
Capacity expansions within the mining industry could lead to lower global iron ore prices, impacting our
profitability.
Expected global growth of iron ore demand, particularly from China, has resulted in iron ore suppliers expanding
their production capacity. The supply of iron ore has increased due to these expansions. In the current iron ore market,
the increases in our competitors’ capacity has resulted in excess supply of these commodities, resulting in downward
pressure on prices. This decrease in pricing has had, and will continue to have, an adverse impact on our sales, margins
and profitability.
If steelmakers use methods other than blast furnace production to produce steel or use other inputs, or if their
blast furnaces shut down or otherwise reduce production, the demand for our current iron ore products may
decrease.
Demand for our iron ore products is determined by the operating rates for the blast furnaces of steel companies.
However, not all finished steel is produced by blast furnaces; finished steel also may be produced by other methods that
use scrap steel, pig iron, hot briquetted iron and direct reduced iron. North American steel producers also can produce
steel using imported iron ore or semi-finished steel products, which eliminates the need for domestic iron ore. Future
environmental restrictions on the use of blast furnaces also may reduce our customers’ use of their blast furnaces.
Maintenance of blast furnaces may require substantial capital expenditures. Our customers may choose not to maintain,
or may not have the resources necessary to maintain, their blast furnaces. If our customers use methods to produce
steel that do not use iron ore pellets, demand for our current iron ore products will decrease, which would affect adversely
our sales, margins and profitability.
Due to economic conditions and volatility in commodity prices, or otherwise, our customers could approach
us about modification of their supply agreements or fail to perform under such agreements. Modifications to
our sales agreements or our customers' failures to perform under such agreements, including modifications or
failures to perform due to such volatility, could impact adversely our sales, margins, profitability and cash flows.
Although we have contractual commitments for a majority of sales in our U.S. Iron Ore business for 2016, the
uncertainty in global economic conditions may impact adversely the ability of our customers to meet their obligations.
As a result of such market volatility, our customers could approach us about modifying their supply agreements or fail
to perform under such agreements. Considering our limited base of current and potential customers, any modifications
to our sales agreements or customers' failures to perform under such agreements could impact adversely our sales,
margins, profitability and cash flows. For example, effective October 5, 2015, we terminated our long term supply
agreement with Essar as a result of Essar's multiple and material breaches under the agreement. On November 9, 2015,
Essar filed for CCAA and Chapter 15 bankruptcy protection. The Canadian Superior Court may require Cliffs to supply
Essar under the terms of the agreement or other terms. Essar moved the Canadian CCAA Court to enter an injunction
requiring us to supply pellets. We filed a motion to remove the case to Ohio due to the CCAA Court's lack of jurisdiction.
On January 25, 2016, the CCAA Court determined that it has jurisdiction over the issue. We remain open to discussing
supplying pellets on commercially reasonable terms consistent with a just-in-time iron ore supply arrangement. In addition
to the termination of our long term supply agreement with Essar, other potential actions by our customers could result
in additional contractual disputes and could ultimately require arbitration or litigation, either of which could be time
consuming and costly. Other potential actions by our customers could also lead to a failure to renew existing contracts,
such as our contracts with ArcelorMittal, which expire in December 2016 and January 2017. Any such disputes and/or
failure to renew existing contracts on favorable terms, in particular contracts with ArcelorMittal, with whom we are actively
negotiating new contracts, could impact adversely our sales, margins, profitability and cash flows.
II. REGULATORY RISKS
We are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which imposes, and will continue to impose, potential
significant costs and liabilities on us. Future laws and regulation or the manner in which they are interpreted
and enforced could increase these costs and liabilities or limit our ability to produce iron ore products.
New laws or regulations, or changes in existing laws or regulations, or the manner of their interpretation or
enforcement, could increase our cost of doing business and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our
strategies. This includes, among other things, the possible taxation under U.S. law of certain income from foreign
operations, compliance costs and enforcement under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act,
and costs associated with complying with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Healthcare and Education
Reconciliation Act of 2010 and the regulations promulgated thereunder. In addition, we are subject to various federal,
provincial, state and local laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in which we have operations for human health and
safety, air quality, water pollution, plant, wetlands, natural resources and wildlife protection, reclamation and restoration
of mining properties, the discharge of materials into the environment, the effects that mining has on groundwater quality,
21
Table of Contents
conductivity and availability, and related matters. Numerous governmental permits and approvals are required for our
operations. We cannot be certain that we have been or will be at all times in complete compliance with such laws,
regulations, permits and approvals. If we violate or fail to comply with these laws, regulations, permits or approvals, we
could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. Compliance with the complex and extensive laws and regulations
to which we are subject imposes substantial costs, which we expect will continue to increase over time because of
increased regulatory oversight, adoption of increasingly stringent environmental standards, and increased demand for
remediation services leading to shortages of equipment, supplies and labor, as well as other factors.
Specifically, there are several notable proposed or recently enacted rulemakings or activities to which we would be
subject or that would further regulate and/or tax our customers, namely the North American integrated steel producer
customers that may also require us or our customers to reduce or otherwise change operations significantly or incur
significant additional costs, depending on their ultimate outcome. These emerging or recently enacted rules and
regulations include: numerous air regulations, such as climate change and greenhouse gas regulation, regional haze
regulation, NAAQS including but not limited to those for NO2 and SO2, the CSAPR; Minnesota’s Mercury Air Emissions
Reporting and Reduction Rule, Mercury Total Maximum Daily Load requirements and Taconite Mercury Reduction
Strategy, selenium discharge regulation; expansion of federal jurisdictional authority to regulate groundwater, and various
other water quality regulations. Such new or more stringent legislation, regulations, interpretations or orders, when
enacted, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or profitability.
Although the numerous regulations, operating permits and our management systems mitigate potential
impacts to the environment, our operations may impact inadvertently the environment or cause exposure to
hazardous substances, which could result in material liabilities to us.
Our operations currently use and have used in the past, hazardous materials, and, from time to time, we have
generated solid and hazardous waste. We may be subject to claims under federal, provincial, state and local laws and
regulations for toxic torts, natural resource damages and other damages as well as for the investigation and clean-up of
soil, surface water, sediments, groundwater and other natural resources. Such claims for damages and reclamation
may arise out of current or former conditions at sites that we own, lease or operate currently, as well as sites that we or
our acquired companies have owned, leased or operated, and at contaminated sites that have always been owned,
leased or operated by our joint-venture partners. Our liability for such claims may be joint and several, so that we may
be held responsible for more than our share of the contamination or other damages, or even for the entire share. We
are subject to a variety of potential liability exposures arising, or otherwise involved in investigation and remediation
activities, at certain sites. In addition to currently owned, leased or operated sites, these include sites where we formerly
conducted iron ore and/or coal mining or processing or other operations, inactive sites that we currently own, predecessor
sites, acquired sites, leased land sites and third-party waste disposal sites. We may be named as a responsible party
at other sites in the future and we cannot be certain that the costs associated with these additional sites will not be
material.
We also could be subject to litigation for alleged bodily injuries arising from claimed exposure to hazardous
substances allegedly used, released, or disposed of by us. In particular, we and certain of our subsidiaries were involved
in various claims relating to the exposure of asbestos and silica to seamen who sailed until the mid-1980s on the Great
Lakes vessels formerly owned and operated by certain of our subsidiaries. While several hundred of these claims against
us had been combined in a multidistrict litigation docket and have since been dismissed and/or settled for non-material
amounts, there remains a possibility that similar types of claims could be filed in the future.
Environmental impacts as a result of our operations, including exposures to hazardous substances or wastes
associated with our operations, could result in costs and liabilities that could materially and adversely affect our margins,
cash flow or profitability.
We may be unable to obtain and renew permits necessary for our operations or be required to provide additional
financial assurance, which could reduce our production, cash flows, profitability and available liquidity. We
also could face significant permit and approval requirements that could delay our commencement or
continuation of existing or new production operations which, in turn, could affect materially our cash flows,
profitability and available liquidity.
Prior to commencement of mining, we must submit to and obtain approval from the appropriate regulatory
authority of plans showing where and how mining and reclamation operations are to occur. These plans must include
information such as the location of mining areas, stockpiles, surface waters, haul roads, tailings basins and drainage
from mining operations. All requirements imposed by any such authority, may be costly and time-consuming and may
delay commencement or continuation of exploration or production operations.
22
Table of Contents
Mining companies must obtain numerous permits that impose strict conditions on various environmental and
safety matters in connection with iron ore mining. These include permits issued by various federal, state and provincial
agencies and regulatory bodies. The permitting rules are complex and may change over time, making our ability to
comply with the applicable requirements more difficult or impractical and costly, possibly precluding the continuance of
ongoing operations or the development of future mining operations. Interpretations of rules may also change over time
and may lead to requirements, such as additional financial assurance, making it more costly to comply. The public,
including special interest groups and individuals, have certain rights under various statutes to comment upon, submit
objections to, and otherwise engage in the permitting process, including bringing citizens’ lawsuits to challenge such
permits or mining activities. Accordingly, required permits may not be issued or renewed in a timely fashion (or at all),
or permits issued or renewed may be conditioned in a manner that may restrict our ability to efficiently conduct our mining
activities, including the requirement for additional financial assurances that we may not be able to provide on commercially
reasonable terms or at all and which would further limit our borrowing base under our ABL Facility. Such inefficiencies
could reduce our production, cash flows, profitability and available liquidity.
III.
FINANCIAL RISKS
A substantial majority of our sales are made under term supply agreements to a limited number of customers
that contain price-adjustment clauses that could affect adversely the stability and profitability of our operations.
For the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, a majority of our U.S. Iron Ore sales and our Asia Pacific Iron
Ore sales were made under term supply agreements to a limited number of customers. More than 72 percent of our
revenue is derived from the North American integrated steel industry. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2015,
three customers together accounted for more than 93 percent of our U.S. Iron Ore product sales revenues (representing
70 percent of our consolidated revenues). Our Asia Pacific Iron Ore contracts are due to expire at various dates until
March 2017 for the majority of our Chinese customers and March 2016 for the remainder of our Chinese customers and
our Japanese and Korean customers. As of December 31, 2015, our U.S. Iron Ore contracts had an average remaining
duration of approximately three years. Although we have contractual commitments for a majority of sales in our U.S. Iron
Ore business for 2016, the uncertainty in global economic conditions may adversely impact the ability of our customers
to meet their obligations. For example, of the potential customers in the North American integrated steel industry, two
are in reorganization, and certain others have experienced financial difficulties. We cannot be certain that we will be
able to renew or replace existing term supply agreements at approximately the same volume levels, prices or with similar
profit margins when they expire. A loss of sales to our existing customers could have a substantial negative impact on
our sales, margins, cash flows and profitability.
Our existing and future indebtedness may limit cash flow available to invest in the ongoing needs of our business,
which could prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our senior notes.
As of December 31, 2015, we had an aggregate principal amount of $2,898.2 million of total debt, $1,084.2
million of which was secured (excluding outstanding letters of credit, $97 million of equipment loans, and $74 million of
capital leases), and $285.2 million of cash on our balance sheet. As of December 31, 2015, no loans were drawn under
the credit facility and we had total availability of $366.0 million as a result of borrowing base limitations. As of December
31, 2015, the principal amount of letters of credit obligations totaled $186.3 million and foreign exchange hedge obligations
totaled $0.5 million, thereby further reducing available borrowing capacity on our credit facility to $179.2 million.
Our substantial level of indebtedness has required us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from
operations to the payment of debt service, reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital
expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes. Moreover, our level of indebtedness could have further
consequences, including, increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic or industry conditions, limiting our ability to
obtain additional financing in the future to enable us to react to changes in our business, or placing us at a competitive
disadvantage compared to businesses in our industry that have less indebtedness.
Our substantial level of indebtedness could limit our ability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or
at all for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. Our liquidity needs could vary significantly
and may be affected by general economic conditions, industry trends, performance and many other factors not within
our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future to service our debt, we may
be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt. However, we may not be able to obtain any such new or
additional debt on favorable terms or at all.
Any failure to comply with covenants in the instruments governing our debt could result in an event of default
which, if not cured or waived, would have a material adverse effect on us.
23
Table of Contents
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our debt, and may be forced to take other actions
to satisfy our obligations under our debt, which may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations, including our senior notes, and
to fund planned capital expenditures and expansion efforts and any strategic alliances or acquisitions we may make in
the future depends on our ability to generate cash in the future and our financial condition and operating performance,
which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors
beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient
to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our debt, including our senior notes.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to
reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance
our debt, including our senior notes. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to
comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. These measures may not be
successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. If our operating results and available
cash are insufficient to meet our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be
required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able
to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them, and these proceeds may
not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. Further, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our
debt on or before maturity, and we may not be able to refinance any of our debt on commercially reasonable terms or
at all. Additionally, additional or new financial assurances may be demanded by our vendors or regulatory agencies that
we may not be able to provide on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
Changes in credit ratings issued by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations could affect
adversely our cost of financing and the market price of our securities.
Credit rating agencies could further downgrade our ratings either due to factors specific to our business, a
prolonged cyclical downturn in the mining industry, or macroeconomic trends (such as global or regional recessions) and
trends in credit and capital markets more generally. The interest rate payable on our senior notes is subject to adjustment
in the event of a change in the credit ratings and is currently at the maximum interest rate of 5.95 percent per annum.
Any further decline in our credit ratings would likely result in an increase to our cost of financing, limit our access to the
capital markets, significantly harm our financial condition and results of operations, hinder our ability to refinance existing
indebtedness on acceptable terms and have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities.
We rely on our joint venture partners in our mines to meet their payment obligations and we are subject to risks
involving the acts or omissions of our joint venture partners when we are not the manager of the joint venture.
We co-own and manage three of our five U.S. Iron Ore mines with various joint venture partners that are integrated
steel producers or their subsidiaries, including ArcelorMittal and U.S. Steel. We rely on our joint venture partners to
make their required capital contributions and to pay for their share of the iron ore that each joint venture produces. Our
U.S. Iron Ore joint venture partners are often also our customers. If one or more of our joint venture partners fail to
perform their obligations, the remaining joint venture partners, including ourselves, may be required to assume additional
material obligations, including significant capital contribution, pension and postretirement health and life insurance benefit
obligations. The premature closure of a mine due to the failure of a joint venture partner to perform its obligations could
result in significant fixed mine-closure costs, including severance, employment legacy costs and other employment costs;
reclamation and other environmental costs; and the costs of terminating long-term obligations, including energy and
transportation contracts and equipment leases. For example, with respect to one of our two Eastern Canadian Iron Ore
mines, the Bloom Lake mine, CQIM's joint venture partner did not fully participate in calls for capital contributions, resulting
in additional financial burden for CQIM. This additional burden was one of multiple factors in CQIM's decision to file for
a stay under CCAA.
We cannot control the actions of our joint venture partners, especially when we have a minority interest in a joint
venture. Further, in spite of performing customary due diligence prior to entering into a joint venture, we cannot guarantee
full disclosure of prior acts or omissions of the sellers or those with whom we enter into joint ventures. Such risks could
have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations or financial condition of our joint venture interests.
We may not be able to recover the carrying value when divesting assets or businesses.
When we divest assets or businesses, we may not be able to recover the carrying value of these assets, which
potentially could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, shareholders' equity and capital structure.
Also, if we were to sell a percentage of a business, there are inherent risks of a joint venture relationship as noted in the
risk factor above.
24
Table of Contents
Our ability to collect payments from our customers depends on their creditworthiness.
Our ability to receive payment for products sold and delivered to our customers depends on the creditworthiness
of our customers. With respect to our Asia Pacific business unit, payment typically is received as the products are shipped
and much of the product is secured by bank letters of credit. By contrast, in our U.S. Iron Ore business unit, generally,
we deliver iron ore products to our customers’ facilities in advance of payment for those products. Under this practice
for our U.S. customers, title and risk of loss with respect to U.S. Iron Ore products does not pass to the customer until
payment for the pellets is received; however, there is typically a period of time in which pellets, for which we have reserved
title, are within our customers’ control. Where we have identified credit risk with certain customers, we have put in place
alternate payment terms from time to time.
Consolidations in some of the industries in which our customers operate have created larger customers. These
factors have caused some customers to be less profitable and increased our exposure to credit risk. Customers in other
countries may be subject to other pressures and uncertainties that may affect their ability to pay, including trade barriers,
exchange controls, and local, economic and political conditions. Downturns in the economy and disruptions in the global
financial markets in recent years have affected the creditworthiness of our customers from time to time. Some of our
customers are highly leveraged. If economic conditions worsen or prolonged global, national or regional economic
recession conditions return, it is likely to impact significantly the creditworthiness of our customers and could, in turn,
increase the risk we bear on payment default for the credit we provide to our customers and could limit our ability to
collect receivables. Failure to receive payment from our customers for products that we have delivered could affect
adversely our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
Our operating expenses could increase significantly if the price of electrical power, fuel or other energy sources
increases.
Our mining operations require significant use of energy. Operating expenses at all of our mining locations are
sensitive to changes in electricity prices and fuel prices, including diesel fuel and natural gas prices. These items make
up approximately 25 to 30 percent in the aggregate of our operating costs in our U.S. Iron Ore locations, for example.
Prices for electricity, natural gas and fuel oils can fluctuate widely with availability and demand levels from other users.
During periods of peak usage, supplies of energy may be curtailed and we may not be able to purchase them at historical
rates. A disruption in the transmission of energy, inadequate energy transmission infrastructure, or the termination of
any of our energy supply contracts could interrupt our energy supply and affect adversely our operations. While we have
some long-term contracts with electrical suppliers, we are exposed to fluctuations in energy costs that can affect our
production costs. As an example, our mines in Minnesota are subject to changes in Minnesota Power’s rates, such as
rate changes that are reviewed and approved by the state public utilities commission in response to an application filed
by Minnesota Power. We also enter into market-based pricing supply contracts for natural gas and diesel fuel for use
in our operations. Those contracts expose us to price increases in energy costs, which could cause our profitability to
decrease significantly. We are estimating that power rates for our electricity-intensive operations could increase above
2015 levels by up to 9.75 percent by 2020, representing an increase of approximately $6 per MWh by 2020 for our U.S.
operations.
In addition, U.S. public utilities are expected to pass through additional capital and operating cost increases
related to new or pending U.S. environmental regulations that are expected to require significant capital investment and
use of cleaner fuels in the future and which may impact U.S. coal-fired generation capacity. These environmental
regulations could force the future closure of the Presque Isle Power Plant in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan which
supplies electricity to our mines in Michigan.
25
Table of Contents
The availability of capital may be limited.
We may need to access the capital markets to finance ongoing operations, any development of existing mining
properties and our other cash requirements. Our substantial indebtedness could make it more difficult for us to borrow
money in the future and may reduce the amount of money available to finance our operations and other business activities
and may have other detrimental consequences, including the following: requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of
our cash flow from operations to the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on our debt, which will reduce
funds available for other purposes; exposing us to the risk of increased interest costs if the underlying interest rates rise
on our existing credit facility or other variable rate debt; making it more difficult to obtain surety bonds, letters of credit
or other financing, particularly during periods in which credit markets are weak; causing a decline in our credit ratings;
limiting our ability to compete with companies that are not as leveraged and that may be better positioned to withstand
economic downturns; and limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes
in our business, the industry in which we compete and general economic and market conditions. If we further increase
our indebtedness, the related risks that we now face, including those described above, could intensify. We cannot predict
the general availability or accessibility of capital to finance projects in the future.
We are subject to a variety of financial market risks.
Financial market risks include those caused by changes in the value of investments, changes in commodity
prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We have established policies and procedures to manage
such risks; however, certain risks are beyond our control and our efforts to mitigate such risks may not be effective.
These factors could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We are subject to bankruptcy risks relating to our Canadian operations.
As previously disclosed, the Bloom Lake Group commenced the CCAA process in January 2015 to address the
Bloom Lake Group's immediate liquidity issues and to preserve and protect its assets for the benefit of all stakeholders
while restructuring and/or sale options are explored. In May 2015, the Wabush Group commenced restructuring
proceedings and, as a result, the CCAA protection granted to the Bloom Lake Group has been extended to include the
Wabush Group. Certain obligations of the Bloom Lake Group, including equipment loans, are guaranteed by Cliffs.
Financial instruments are posted by Cliffs to support certain reclamation obligations of the Wabush Group. It is possible
that (a) as part of the CCAA process (i) claims may be asserted by or on behalf of the Bloom Lake Group or the Wabush
Group against non-debtor affiliates of the Bloom Lake Group and the Wabush Group and/or (ii) claims of non-debtor
affiliates against the Bloom Lake Group or the Wabush Group may be challenged and (b) creditors of the Bloom Lake
Group or the Wabush Group may assert claims against non-debtor affiliates of the Bloom Lake Group or the Wabush
Group under the guarantees discussed above. While we anticipate the restructuring and/or sale of the Bloom Lake
Group and the Wabush Group assets may mitigate these risks, to the extent that any claims are successful or the Bloom
Lake Group’s obligations guaranteed by Cliffs are not satisfied in full by any such restructuring or sale, Cliffs could be
held liable for certain obligations.
A court or regulatory body could find that we are responsible, in whole or in part, for liabilities we transferred
to other entities.
As part of our strategy to focus on our U.S. iron ore operations we have sold or otherwise disposed of several
non-core assets. Some of the transactions under which we sold or otherwise disposed of our non-core assets included
provisions transferring certain liabilities to the purchasers or acquirers of those non-core assets. While we believe that
all such transfers were completed properly and are legally binding, we may be at risk that some court or regulatory body
could disagree and determine that we remain responsible for liabilities we intended to and did transfer.
26
Table of Contents
IV. OPERATIONAL RISKS
Mine closures entail substantial costs. If we close one or more of our mines, our results of operations and
financial condition would likely be affected adversely.
If we close any of our mines, our revenues would be reduced unless we were able to increase production at our
other mines, which may not be possible. The closure of a mining operation involves significant fixed closure costs,
including accelerated employment legacy costs, severance-related obligations, reclamation and other environmental
costs, and the costs of terminating long-term obligations, including customer, energy and transportation contracts and
equipment leases. We base our assumptions regarding the life of our mines on detailed studies we perform from time
to time, but those studies and assumptions are subject to uncertainties and estimates that may not be accurate. We
recognize the costs of reclaiming open pits, stockpiles, tailings ponds, roads and other mining support areas based on
the estimated mining life of our property. If we were to significantly reduce the estimated life of any of our mines, the
mine-closure costs would be applied to a shorter period of production, which would increase costs per ton produced and
could significantly and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
A North American mine permanent closure could accelerate and significantly increase employment legacy costs,
including our expense and funding costs for pension and other postretirement benefit obligations. A number of employees
would be eligible for immediate retirement under special eligibility rules that apply upon a mine closure. All employees
eligible for immediate retirement under the pension plans at the time of the permanent mine closure also could be eligible
for postretirement health and life insurance benefits, thereby accelerating our obligation to provide these benefits. Certain
mine closures would precipitate a pension closure liability significantly greater than an ongoing operation liability. Finally,
a permanent mine closure could trigger severance-related obligations, which can equal up to sixteen weeks of pay per
employee in some jurisdictions, depending on length of service. As a result, the closure of one or more of our mines
could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
At the end of March 2014, we idled our Wabush Scully mine in Newfoundland and Labrador, and in the fourth
quarter of 2014, we began to implement the permanent closure plan for the mine. Additionally, we disclosed in November
2014 that we were pursuing exit options for our Bloom Lake mine and as disclosed in January 2015, active production
at Bloom Lake mine completely ceased and the mine transitioned to "care-and-maintenance" mode. To mitigate closure
costs in connection with the potential shutdown of the Bloom Lake mine, our Canadian affiliates that operate the mine
commenced restructuring proceedings under the CCAA. However, there can be no assurance that we will not have any
material obligations in connection with the potential shutdown of the Bloom Lake mine despite the CCAA filing.
Our sales and competitive position depend on the ability to transport our products to our customers at
competitive rates and in a timely manner.
In our U.S. Iron Ore operations, disruption of the lake and rail transportation services because of weather-related
problems, including ice and winter weather conditions on the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence Seaway, climate change,
strikes, lock-outs, or other events and lack of alternative transportation sources, could impair our ability to supply iron
ore to our customers at competitive rates or in a timely manner and, thus, could adversely affect our sales, margins and
profitability. Further, reduced dredging and environmental changes, particularly at Great Lakes ports, could impact
negatively our ability to move our iron ore products because lower water levels restrict the tonnage that vessels can haul,
resulting in higher freight rates.
Our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operations also are dependent upon rail and port capacity. Disruptions in rail service
or availability of dock capacity could similarly impair our ability to supply iron ore to our customers, thereby adversely
affecting our sales and profitability. In addition, our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operations are also in direct competition with
the major world seaborne exporters of iron ore and our customers face higher transportation costs than most other
Australian producers to ship our products to the Asian markets because of the location of our major shipping port on
the south coast of Australia. Further, increases in transportation costs, including volatile fuel rates, decreased availability
of ocean vessels or changes in such costs relative to transportation costs incurred by our competitors could make our
products less competitive, restrict our access to certain markets and have an adverse effect on our sales, margins and
profitability.
27
Table of Contents
Natural disasters, weather conditions, disruption of energy, unanticipated geological conditions, equipment
failures, and other unexpected events may lead our customers, our suppliers or our facilities to curtail production
or shut down operations.
Operating levels within the mining industry are subject to unexpected conditions and events that are beyond the
industry’s control. Those events could cause industry members or their suppliers to curtail production or shut down a
portion or all of their operations, which could reduce the demand for our iron ore products, and could affect adversely
our sales, margins and profitability.
Interruptions in production capabilities inevitably will increase our production costs and reduce our profitability.
We do not have meaningful excess capacity for current production needs, and we are not able to quickly increase
production or re-start production at one mine to offset an interruption in production at another mine. Additionally, re-start
production costs can be even higher if required to be taken during extremely cold weather conditions.
A portion of our production costs are fixed regardless of current operating levels. As noted, our operating levels
are subject to conditions beyond our control that can delay deliveries or increase the cost of mining at particular mines
for varying lengths of time. These include weather conditions (for example, extreme winter weather, tornadoes, floods,
and the lack of availability of process water due to drought) and natural and man-made disasters, pit wall failures,
unanticipated geological conditions, including variations in the amount of rock and soil overlying the deposits of iron
ore, variations in rock and other natural materials and variations in geologic conditions and ore processing changes.
The manufacturing processes that take place in our mining operations, as well as in our processing facilities,
depend on critical pieces of equipment. This equipment may, on occasion, be out of service because of unanticipated
failures. In addition, many of our mines and processing facilities have been in operation for several decades, and the
equipment is aged. In the future, we may experience additional material plant shutdowns or periods of reduced production
because of equipment failures. Further, remediation of any interruption in production capability may require us to make
large capital expenditures that could have a negative effect on our profitability and cash flows. Our business interruption
insurance would not cover all of the lost revenues associated with equipment failures. Longer-term business disruptions
could result in a loss of customers, which adversely could affect our future sales levels and, therefore, our profitability.
Regarding the impact of unexpected events happening to our suppliers, many of our mines are dependent on
one source for electric power and for natural gas. A significant interruption in service from our energy suppliers due to
terrorism or sabotage, weather conditions, natural disasters, or any other cause can result in substantial losses that
may not be fully recoverable, either from our business interruption insurance or responsible third parties.
We are subject to risks involving operations and sales in multiple countries.
We supply raw materials to the global integrated steel industry with substantial assets located outside of the
U.S. We conduct operations in the U.S. and Australia. As such, we are subject to additional risks beyond those relating
to our U.S. operations, such as fluctuations in currency exchange rates; potentially adverse tax consequences due to
overlapping or differing tax structures; burdens to comply with multiple and potentially conflicting foreign laws and
regulations, including export requirements, tariffs, economic sanctions and other barriers, environmental health and
safety requirements, and unexpected changes in any of these laws and regulations; the imposition of duties, tariffs,
import and export controls and other trade barriers impacting the seaborne iron ore markets; difficulties in staffing and
managing multi-national operations; political and economic instability and disruptions, including terrorist attacks;
disadvantages of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations, including
the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; and uncertainties in the enforcement of legal rights and remedies in multiple
jurisdictions. If we are unable to manage successfully the risks associated with operating our global business, these
risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our profitability could be affected adversely by the failure of outside contractors to perform.
Asia Pacific Iron Ore uses contractors to handle many of the operational phases of their mining and processing
operations and, therefore, we are subject to the performance of outside companies on key production areas. A failure
of any of these contractors to perform in a significant way would result in additional costs for us, which also could affect
adversely our production rates and results of operations.
We may not be able to complete divestitures of our non-core assets at acceptable prices or at all.
As an extension of our re-focused U.S. Iron Ore strategy, we are currently in the process of streamlining our
portfolio of non-core assets. Asia Pacific Iron Ore has been identified as a non-core asset and will be considered for
monetization. However, we may not be able to sell any non-core assets at sales prices acceptable to us or at all. Gains
28
Table of Contents
or losses on the sales of, or lost operating income from, non-core assets may affect our profitability. Moreover, we may
incur asset impairment charges related to divestitures that reduce our profitability. Our divestiture activities may also
present financial, managerial and operational risks. Those risks include diversion of management attention from existing
businesses, difficulties separating personnel and financial and other systems, adverse effects on existing business
relationships with suppliers and customers. Any of these factors could affect our financial condition and results of
operations.
V.
DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY RISKS
The cost and time to implement a strategic capital project may prove to be greater than originally anticipated.
We undertake strategic capital projects in order to enhance, expand or upgrade our mines and production
capabilities. Our ability to achieve the anticipated volumes of production, revenues or otherwise realize acceptable
returns on strategic capital projects that we may undertake is subject to a number of risks, many of which are beyond
our control, including a variety of market (such as a volatile pricing environment for iron ore), operational, permitting and
labor-related factors. Further, the cost to implement any given strategic capital project ultimately may prove to be greater
and may take more time than originally anticipated. Inability to achieve the anticipated results from the implementation
of our strategic capital projects, or the incurring of unanticipated implementation costs, penalties or inability to meet
contractual obligations could affect adversely our results of operations and future earnings and cash flow generation.
We continually must replace reserves depleted by production. Exploration activities may not result in additional
discoveries.
Our ability to replenish our ore reserves is important to our long-term viability. Depleted ore reserves must be
replaced by further delineation of existing ore bodies or by locating new deposits in order to maintain production levels
over the long term. Resource exploration and development are highly speculative in nature. Exploration projects involve
many risks, require substantial expenditures and may not result in the discovery of sufficient additional mineral deposits
that can be mined profitably. Once a site with mineralization is discovered, it may take several years from the initial
phases of drilling until production is possible, during which time the economic feasibility of production may change.
Substantial expenditures are required to establish recoverable proven and probable reserves and to construct mining
and processing facilities. As a result, there is no assurance that current or future exploration programs will be successful
and there is a risk that depletion of reserves will not be offset by discoveries or acquisitions. Given current market
conditions, we have curtailed substantially any expenditures related to exploration at or near our mine sites.
We rely on estimates of our recoverable reserves, which is complex due to geological characteristics of the
properties and the number of assumptions made.
We regularly evaluate our iron ore reserves based on revenues and costs and update them as required in
accordance with SEC Industry Guide 7 and historically, the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy & Petroleum's
Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves. In addition, our Asia Pacific Iron Ore business segment
has published reserves that follow the Joint Ore Reserve Code in Australia, with certain changes to our Western Australian
reserve values to make them comply with SEC requirements. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating
quantities of reserves of our mines, including many factors beyond our control.
Estimates of reserves and future net cash flows necessarily depend upon a number of variable factors and
assumptions, such as production capacity, effects of regulations by governmental agencies, future prices for iron ore,
future industry conditions and operating costs, severance and excise taxes, development costs and costs of extraction
and reclamation, all of which may vary considerably from actual results. Estimating the quantity and grade of reserves
requires us to determine the size, shape and depth of our mineral bodies by analyzing geological data, such as samplings
of drill holes. In addition to the geology assumptions of our mines, assumptions are also required to determine the
economic feasibility of mining these reserves, including estimates of future commodity prices and demand, the mining
methods we use, and the related costs incurred to develop and mine our reserves. For these reasons, estimates of the
economically recoverable quantities of mineralized deposits attributable to any particular group of properties,
classifications of such reserves based on risk of recovery and estimates of future net cash flows prepared by different
engineers or by the same engineers at different times may vary substantially as the criteria change. Estimated ore
reserves could be affected by future industry conditions, geological conditions and ongoing mine planning. Actual volume
and grade of reserves recovered, production rates, revenues and expenditures with respect to our reserves will likely
vary from estimates, and if such variances are material, our sales and profitability could be affected adversely.
29
Table of Contents
Defects in title or loss of any leasehold interests in our properties could limit our ability to mine these
properties or result in significant unanticipated costs.
A portion of our mining operations are conducted on properties we lease, license or as to which we have easements
or other possessory interests ("leased properties"). Consistent with industry practice, title to most of these leased
properties and mineral rights are not usually verified until we make a commitment to develop a property, which may not
occur until after we have obtained necessary permits and completed exploration of the leased property. In some cases,
title with respect to leased properties is not verified at all because we instead rely on title information or representations
and warranties provided by lessors or grantors. We do not maintain title insurance on our owned or leased properties.
A title defect or the loss of any lease, license or easement for any leased property could adversely affect our ability to
mine the associated reserves. In addition, from time to time the rights of third parties for competing uses of adjacent,
overlying, or underlying lands such as for, roads, easements and public facilities may affect our ability to operate as
planned if our title is not superior or arrangements cannot be negotiated.
Any challenge to our title could delay the exploration and development of some reserves, deposits or surface
rights, cause us to incur unanticipated costs and could ultimately result in the loss of some or all of our interest in those
reserves or surface rights. In the event we lose reserves, deposits or surface rights, we may have to shut down or
significantly alter the sequence of our mining operations, which may adversely affect our future production, revenues
and cash flows. Additionally, if we lose any leasehold interests relating to any of our pellet plants or loadout facilities,
we may need to find an alternative location to process our iron ore and load it for delivery to customers, which could
result in significant unanticipated costs. Finally, we could incur significant liability if we inadvertently mine on property
we do not own or lease.
In order to continue to foster growth in our business and maintain stability of our earnings, we must maintain
our social license to operate with our stakeholders.
As a mining company, maintaining a strong reputation and consistent operational and safety history is vital in
order to continue to foster growth and maintain stability in our earnings. As sustainability expectations increase and
regulatory requirements continue to evolve, maintaining our social license to operate becomes increasingly important.
We strive to incorporate social license expectations in our ERM program. Our ability to maintain our reputation and strong
operating history could be threatened, including by circumstances outside of our control. If we are not able to respond
effectively to these and other challenges to our social license to operate, our reputation could be damaged significantly.
Damage to our reputation could affect adversely our operations and ability to foster growth in our Company.
Estimates and timelines relating to new development and expansion projects are uncertain and we may incur
higher costs and lower economic returns than estimated.
Mine development and expansion projects typically require a number of years and significant expenditures during
the development or expansion phase before production is possible. Such projects could experience unexpected problems
and delays during development, construction and mine start-up or expansion.
Our decision to develop a project typically is based on the results of feasibility studies, which estimate the
anticipated economic returns of a project. The actual project profitability or economic feasibility may differ from such
estimates as a result of any of the following factors, among others: changes in tonnage, grades and metallurgical
characteristics of ore to be mined and processed; estimated future prices of the relevant ore; changes in customer
demand; higher construction and infrastructure costs; the quality of the data on which engineering assumptions were
made; higher production costs; adverse geotechnical conditions; availability of adequate labor force; availability and cost
of water and power; availability and cost of transportation; fluctuations in inflation and currency exchange rates; availability
and terms of financing; delays in obtaining environmental or other government permits or changes in laws and regulations
including environmental laws and regulations; weather or severe climate impacts; and potential delays relating to social
and community issues.
Our future development activities may not result in the expansion or replacement of current production with new
production, or any such new production sites or facilities may be less profitable than currently anticipated, or may not
be profitable at all, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our sales, margins and cash flows.
30
Table of Contents
VI. HUMAN CAPITAL RISKS
Our profitability could be affected adversely if we fail to maintain satisfactory labor relations.
Production in our mines is dependent upon the efforts of our employees. We are party to labor agreements with
various labor unions that represent employees at our operations. Such labor agreements are negotiated periodically,
and, therefore, we are subject to the risk that these agreements may not be able to be renewed on reasonably satisfactory
terms. It is difficult to predict what issues may arise as part of the collective bargaining process, and whether negotiations
concerning these issues will be successful. Due to union activities or other employee actions, we could experience labor
disputes, work stoppages, or other disruptions in our production of iron ore that could affect us adversely. The USW
represents all hourly employees at our U.S. Iron Ore and Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operations owned and/or managed
by Cliffs or its subsidiary companies except for Northshore. Our labor agreements with the USW at four of our U.S. Iron
Ore operations expired on October 1, 2015, and have since been extended indefinitely. We continue to bargain with the
USW in good faith with the expectation that we will be able to reach a mutually acceptable long-term extension of our
agreements. At this time, we do not anticipate any type of labor disruption but since we are currently unable to estimate
when our labor agreements will be finalized, there is an increased possibility of a disruption at our U.S. Iron Ore operations
in 2016.
If we enter into a new labor agreement with any union that significantly increases our labor costs relative to our
competitors or fail to come to an agreement upon expiry, our ability to compete may be materially and adversely affected.
We may encounter labor shortages for critical operational positions, which could affect adversely our ability to
produce our products.
We are predicting a long-term shortage of skilled workers for the mining industry and competition for the available
workers limits our ability to attract and retain employees. Additionally, at our U.S. mining locations, many of our mining
operational employees are approaching retirement age. As these experienced employees retire, we may have difficulty
replacing them at competitive wages.
Our expenditures for post-retirement benefit and pension obligations could be materially higher than we have
predicted if our underlying assumptions differ from actual outcomes, there are mine closures, or our joint venture
partners fail to perform their obligations that relate to employee pension plans.
We provide defined benefit pension plans and OPEB to certain eligible union and non-union employees in the
United States, including our share of expense and funding obligations with respect to unconsolidated ventures. Our
pension expense and our required contributions to our pension plans are affected directly by the value of plan assets,
the projected and actual rate of return on plan assets, and the actuarial assumptions we use to measure our defined
benefit pension plan obligations, including the rate at which future obligations are discounted.
We cannot predict whether changing market or economic conditions, regulatory changes or other factors will
increase our pension expenses or our funding obligations, diverting funds we would otherwise apply to other uses.
We have calculated our unfunded pension and OPEB obligations based on a number of assumptions. If our
assumptions do not materialize as expected, cash expenditures and costs that we incur could be materially higher.
Moreover, we cannot be certain that regulatory changes will not increase our obligations to provide these or additional
benefits. These obligations also may increase substantially in the event of adverse medical cost trends or unexpected
rates of early retirement, particularly for bargaining unit retirees.
We depend on our senior management team and other key employees, and the loss of these employees could
adversely affect our business.
Our success depends in part on our ability to attract and motivate our senior management and key employees.
Achieving this objective may be difficult due to a variety of factors, including fluctuations in the global economic and
industry conditions, competitors’ hiring practices, cost reduction activities, and the effectiveness of our compensation
programs. Competition for qualified personnel can be intense. We must continue to recruit, retain, and motivate our
senior management and key personnel in order to maintain our business and support our projects. A loss of senior
management and key personnel could prevent us from capitalizing on business opportunities, and our operating results
could be adversely affected.
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
We have no unresolved comments from the SEC.
31
Table of Contents
Item 2.
Properties
The following map shows the locations of our operations and offices as of December 31, 2015:
General Information about the Mines
All of our iron ore mining operations are open-pit mines. Additional pit development is underway as required by
long-range mine plans. At our U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore mines, drilling programs are conducted periodically
for the purpose of refining guidance related to ongoing operations.
Geologic models are developed for all mines to define the major ore and waste rock types. Computerized block
models for iron ore are constructed that include all relevant geologic and metallurgical data. These are used to generate
grade and tonnage estimates, followed by detailed mine design and life of mine operating schedules.
U.S. Iron Ore
The following map shows the locations of our U.S. Iron Ore operations as of December 31, 2015:
We directly or indirectly own and operate interests in five U.S. Iron Ore mines located in Michigan and Minnesota
from which we produced 19.3 million, 22.4 million and 20.3 million tons of iron ore pellets in 2015, 2014 and 2013,
respectively, for our account. We produced 6.8 million, 7.3 million and 6.9 million tons, respectively, on behalf of the
steel company partners of the mines.
Our U.S. Iron Ore mines produce from deposits located within the Biwabik and Negaunee Iron Formation, which
are classified as Lake Superior type iron formations that formed under similar sedimentary conditions in shallow marine
basins approximately two billion years ago. Magnetite and hematite are the predominant iron oxide ore minerals present,
with lesser amounts of goethite and limonite. Quartz is the predominant waste mineral present, with lesser amounts of
32
Table of Contents
other chiefly iron bearing silicate and carbonate minerals. The ore minerals liberate from the waste minerals upon fine
grinding.
Mine
Empire
Cliffs
Ownership
79%
Tilden
85%
Hibbing
23%
Northshore
100%
United
Taconite
100%
Mine,
Concentrator,
Pelletizer
Mine,
Concentrator,
Pelletizer,
Railroad
Mine,
Concentrator,
Pelletizer
Mine,
Concentrator,
Pelletizer,
Railroad
Mine,
Concentrator,
Pelletizer
Infrastructure Mineralization
Magnetite
Hematite &
Magnetite
Operating
Since
1963
Current
Annual
Capacity1,2
5.5
2015
Production2,3
3.0
Mineral
Owned
53%
Rights
Leased
47%
1974
8.0
7.6
100%
—%
Magnetite
1976
Magnetite
1990
8.0
6.0
8.1
4.3
3%
97%
—%
100%
Magnetite
1965
5.4
3.1
—%
100%
1 Annual capacity is reported on a wet basis in millions of long tons, equivalent to 2,240 pounds.
2 Figures reported on 100% basis.
3 2015 Production from Empire includes 0.8 million long tons tolled to Tilden.
Empire Mine
The Empire mine is located on the Marquette Iron Range in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula approximately 15 miles
southwest of Marquette, Michigan. The Empire mine has produced between 3.0 million and 4.4 million tons of iron ore
pellets annually over the past five years, of which between 0.8 million and 2.4 million tons annually over the past five
years were tolled to Tilden mine. During 2015, Empire was temporarily idled for a summer shutdown beginning on June
26, 2015. The temporary idle ended during mid-October of 2015. The summer shutdown was required due to lower
tolling requirements from Tilden mine, a result of reduced demand from our steel-producing customers.
We own 79 percent of Empire and a subsidiary of ArcelorMittal USA has retained the remaining 21 percent
ownership in Empire with limited rights and obligations, which it has a unilateral right to put to us at any time. This right
has not been exercised. Each partner takes its share of production pro rata; however, provisions in the partnership
agreement allow additional or reduced production to be delivered under certain circumstances. As part of a 2014 extension
agreement between us and ArcelorMittal, which amended certain terms of the partnership agreement, certain minimum
distributions of the partners’ equity amounts are required to be made on a quarterly basis beginning in the first quarter
of 2015 and will continue through January 2017. The partnership agreement expires December 31, 2016. We own
directly approximately one-half of the remaining ore reserves at the Empire mine and lease them to Empire. A subsidiary
of ours leases the balance of the Empire reserves from other owners of such reserves and subleases them to Empire.
Operations consist of an open pit truck and shovel mine, a concentrator that utilizes single stage crushing, AG mills,
magnetic separation and floatation to produce a magnetite concentrate that is then supplied to the on-site pellet plant.
Tilden Mine
The Tilden mine is located on the Marquette Iron Range in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula approximately five miles
south of Ishpeming, Michigan. Over the past five years, the Tilden mine has produced between 7.5 million and 7.8 million
tons of iron ore pellets annually. We own 85 percent of Tilden, with the remaining minority interest owned by a subsidiary
of U.S. Steel. Each partner takes its share of production pro rata; however, provisions in the partnership agreement
allow additional or reduced production to be delivered under certain circumstances. We own all of the ore reserves at
the Tilden mine and lease them to Tilden. Operations consist of an open pit truck and shovel mine, a concentrator that
utilizes single stage crushing, AG mills, magnetite separation and floatation to produce hematite and magnetic
concentrates that are then supplied to the on-site pellet plant.
The Empire and Tilden mines are located adjacent to each other. The logistical benefits include a consolidated
transportation system, more efficient employee and equipment operating schedules, reduction in redundant facilities and
workforce and best practices sharing. Two railroads, one of which is wholly owned by us, link the Empire and Tilden
33
Table of Contents
mines with Lake Michigan at the loading port of Escanaba, Michigan, and with the Lake Superior loading port of Marquette,
Michigan.
Hibbing Mine
The Hibbing mine is located in the center of Minnesota’s Mesabi Iron Range and is approximately ten miles north
of Hibbing, Minnesota and five miles west of Chisholm, Minnesota. Over the past five years, the Hibbing mine has
produced between 7.7 million and 8.1 million tons of iron ore pellets annually. We own 23 percent of Hibbing, a subsidiary
of ArcelorMittal has a 62.3 percent interest and a subsidiary of U.S. Steel has a 14.7 percent interest. Each partner takes
its share of production pro rata; however, provisions in the joint venture agreement allow additional or reduced production
to be delivered under certain circumstances. Mining is conducted on multiple mineral leases having varying expiration
dates. Mining leases routinely are renegotiated and renewed as they approach their respective expiration dates. Hibbing
operations consist of an open pit truck and shovel mine, a concentrator that utilizes single stage crushing, AG mills and
magnetic separation to produce a magnetite concentrate, which is then delivered to an on-site pellet plant. From the
site, pellets are transported by BNSF rail to a ship loading port at Superior, Wisconsin, operated by BNSF.
Northshore Mine
The Northshore mine is located in northeastern Minnesota, approximately two miles south of Babbitt, Minnesota,
on the northeastern end of the Mesabi Iron Range. Northshore’s processing facilities are located in Silver Bay, Minnesota,
near Lake Superior. Crude ore is shipped by a wholly owned railroad from the mine to the processing and dock facilities
at Silver Bay. Over the past five years, the Northshore mine has produced between 3.9 million and 5.8 million tons of
iron ore pellets annually. One of the four furnaces in the Northshore pellet plant was idled in January 2015. We ran a
three furnace operation throughout 2015 until the complete idle of Northshore mine in late November 2015. The temporary
idle is a result of historic levels of steel imports into the U.S. and reduced demand from our steel-producing customers.
Northshore mine is expected to be idled at least through the first quarter of 2016.
The Northshore mine began production under our management and ownership on October 1, 1994. We own
100 percent of the mine. Mining is conducted on multiple mineral leases having varying expiration dates. Mining leases
routinely are renegotiated and renewed as they approach their respective expiration dates. Northshore operations consist
of an open pit truck and shovel mine where two stages of crushing occur before the ore is transported along a wholly
owned 47-mile rail line to the plant site in Silver Bay. At the plant site, two additional stages of crushing occur before the
ore is sent to the concentrator. The concentrator utilizes rod mills and magnetic separation to produce a magnetite
concentrate, which is delivered to the pellet plant located on-site. The plant site has its own ship loading port located
on Lake Superior.
United Taconite Mine
The United Taconite mine is located on Minnesota’s Mesabi Iron Range in and around the city of Eveleth,
Minnesota. The United Taconite concentrator and pelletizing facilities are located ten miles south of the mine, near the
town of Forbes, Minnesota. Over the past five years, the United Taconite mine has produced between 3.1 million and
5.4 million tons of iron ore pellets annually. Currently, United Taconite mine is temporarily idled. The temporary idle
began the first week of August 2015 and is a result of historic levels of steel imports into the U.S. and reduced demand
from our steel-producing customers. United Taconite mine is expected to be idled at least through the first quarter of
2016.
We own 100 percent of the United Taconite mine. Mining is conducted on multiple mineral leases having varying
expiration dates. Mining leases routinely are renegotiated and renewed as they approach their respective expiration
dates. United Taconite operations consist of an open pit truck and shovel mine where two stages of crushing occur
before the ore is transported by rail to the plant site located ten miles to the south. At the plant site an additional stage
of crushing occurs before the ore is sent to the concentrator. The concentrator utilizes rod mills and magnetic separation
to produce a magnetite concentrate, which is delivered to the pellet plant. From the site, pellets are transported by CN
rail to a ship loading port at Duluth, Minnesota, operated by CN.
34
Table of Contents
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
The following map shows the location of our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operation as of December 31, 2015:
In Australia, we own and operate the Koolyanobbing operations. We produced 11.7 million metric tons, 11.4
million metric tons and 11.1 million metric tons in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
The mineralization at the Koolyanobbing operations is predominantly hematite and goethite replacements in
greenstone-hosted banded iron formations. Individual deposits tend to be small with complex ore-waste contact
relationships. The reserves at the Koolyanobbing operations are derived from 10 separate mineral deposits distributed
over a 70 mile operating radius.
Mine
Koolyanobbing
Cliffs
Ownership Infrastructure Mineralization
100%
Mine, Road
Haulage,
Crushing-
Screening
Plant
Hematite &
Goethite
Operating
Since
1994
Current
Annual
Capacity1
11.0
2015
Production
11.7
Mineral
Owned
—%
Rights
Leased
100%
1 Annual capacity is reported on a wet basis in millions of metric tons, equivalent to 2,205 pounds.
Koolyanobbing
The Koolyanobbing operations are located 250 miles east of Perth and approximately 30 miles northeast of the
town of Southern Cross. Koolyanobbing produces lump and fines iron ore. Mining is conducted on multiple mineral
leases having varying expiration dates. Mining leases routinely are renewed as they approach their respective expiration
dates. In 2011, a significant permitting milestone was achieved with the granting of regulatory approvals necessary to
develop above the water table at Windarling's W1 deposit. In 2013, environmental approvals were obtained for deepening
of the Windarling W1 pit and deepening of the Koolyanobbing A/B/C pits. The operations at Windarling have been idled
since the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2015 as a result of cost cutting measures.
Over the past five years, the Koolyanobbing operation has produced between 8.2 million and 11.7 million metric
tons annually. The expansion project at Koolyanobbing increasing annual capacity to 11 million metric tons was completed
in 2012. Ore material can be sourced from nine separate open pit mines and is delivered by typical production trucks
or road trains to a crushing and screening facility located at Koolyanobbing. All of the ore from the Koolyanobbing
operations is transported by rail to the Port of Esperance, 360 miles to the south, for shipment to Asian customers.
35
Table of Contents
North American Coal
Throughout the majority of 2015, we directly owned and operated two North American coal mining complexes
from which we produced a total of 4.3 million tons of coal in 2015. In the fourth quarter of 2015, we sold these two coal
mining complexes, Pinnacle mine and Oak Grove mine, marking our exit from the coal business. The sale was completed
on December 22, 2015. In 2014 and 2013, we produced 7.5 million and 7.2 million tons of coal, respectively. Prior to
December 31, 2014, we also owned a third coal mining complex, CLCC. We no longer own CLCC as the sale of the
CLCC assets was completed on December 31, 2014. The production tons above include 2.5 million tons and 2.1 million
tons of coal produced by CLCC in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our coal production at each mine was shipped within
the U.S. by rail or barge. Coal for international customers was shipped through the ports of Mobile, Alabama; Norfolk,
Virginia; and New Orleans, Louisiana.
As of March 31, 2015, management determined that our North American Coal operating segment met the criteria
to be classified as held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. As such, all current year and
historical North American Coal operating segment results are included in our financial statements and classified within
discontinued operations. Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further discussion of the North American
Coal segment discontinued operations.
Eastern Canadian Iron Ore
We own interests in two non-operating iron ore mines in the Canadian Provinces of Québec and Newfoundland
and Labrador from which we had been producing iron ore concentrate through December 2014 and produced iron ore
pellets through June 2013. We produced 6.2 million and 8.7 million metric tons of iron ore product in 2014 and 2013,
respectively, from these two mines. In May 2011, we acquired Consolidated Thompson along with its 75 percent interest
in the Bloom Lake property. In the fourth quarter of 2013, our interest in Bloom Lake increased by an aggregate of 7.8
percent, bringing our interest to 82.8 percent in the Bloom Lake property.
As more fully described in NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, in January 2015, we announced that
the Bloom Lake Group commenced restructuring proceedings in Montreal, Quebec under the CCAA. At that time, we
had suspended Bloom Lake operations and for several months had been exploring options to sell certain of our Canadian
assets, among other initiatives. Effective January 27, 2015, following the CCAA filing of the Bloom Lake Group, we
deconsolidated the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries comprising substantially all of our
Canadian operations. Additionally, on May 20, 2015, the Wabush Group commenced restructuring proceedings in
Montreal, Quebec, under the CCAA which resulted in the deconsolidation of the remaining Wabush Group entities that
were not previously deconsolidated. The Wabush Group was no longer generating revenues and was not able to meet
its obligations as they came due. As a result of this action, the CCAA protections granted to the Bloom Lake Group were
extended to include the Wabush Group to facilitate the reorganization of each of their businesses and operations. Financial
results prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and Wabush Groups and subsequent expenses directly
associated with the Canadian Entities are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued
operations.
Mineral Policy
We have a corporate policy prescribing internal control and procedures with respect to auditing and estimating
of minerals. The procedures contained in the policy include the calculation of mineral estimates at each property by our
engineers, geologists and accountants, as well as third-party consultants. Management compiles and reviews the
calculations, and once finalized, such information is used to prepare the disclosures for our annual and quarterly reports.
The disclosures are reviewed and approved by management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial
officer. Additionally, the long-range mine planning and mineral estimates are reviewed annually by our Audit Committee.
Furthermore, all changes to mineral estimates, other than those due to production, are adequately documented and
submitted to senior operations officers for review and approval. Finally, periodic reviews of long-range mine plans and
mineral reserve estimates are conducted at mine staff meetings, senior management meetings and by independent
experts.
Mineral Reserves
Reserves are defined by SEC Industry Standard Guide 7 as that part of a mineral deposit that could be
economically and legally extracted and produced at the time of the reserve determination. All reserves are classified as
proven or probable and are supported by life-of-mine plans.
36
Table of Contents
Reserve estimates are based on pricing that does not exceed the three-year trailing average of benchmark prices
for iron ore adjusted to our realized price. For the three-year period 2013 to 2015, the average international benchmark
price of 62 percent Fe CFR China was $96 per dry metric ton.
We evaluate and analyze mineral reserve estimates in accordance with our mineral policy and SEC requirements.
The table below identifies the year in which the latest reserve estimate was completed.
Property
U.S. Iron Ore
Empire
Tilden
Hibbing
Northshore
United Taconite
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Koolyanobbing
Date of Latest Economic
Reserve Analysis
2009
2015
2015
2015
2013
2013
Iron Ore Reserves
Ore reserve estimates for our iron ore mines as of December 31, 2015 were estimated from fully designed open
pits developed using three-dimensional modeling techniques. These fully designed pits incorporate design slopes,
practical mining shapes and access ramps to assure the accuracy of our reserve estimates. All of our remaining operations
reserves have been adjusted net of 2015 production.
37
Property
Empire
Tilden
Hematite1
Tilden
Magnetite
Total Tilden
Hibbing
Cliffs
Share
79%
85%
85%
23%
Table of Contents
U.S. Iron Ore
All tonnages reported for our U.S. Iron Ore operating segment are in long tons of 2,240 pounds, have been
rounded to the nearest 100,000 and are reported on a 100 percent basis.
U.S. Iron Ore Mineral Reserves
as of December 31, 2015
(In Millions of Long Tons)
Proven
Probable
Proven & Probable
Saleable Product 2,3
Previous Year
Tonnage % Grade
Tonnage % Grade
Tonnage
8.6
—
—
8.6
22.5
34.7
85%
306.1
82.7
33.9
388.8
34.6
37%
143.5
584.3
199.6
%
Grade5
22.5
Process
Recovery4 Tonnage
3.2
37%
P&P
Crude
Ore
Saleable
Product
14.6
4.7
0.2
27.0
0.1
25.1
0.3
26.4
306.3
238.5
82.8
24.7
557.4
19.6
24.2
389.1
263.2
817.6
19.6
24.4
19.6
25.0
33%
37%
26%
32%
0.1
77.7
29.5
143.6
69.7
662.0
260.2
229.1
68.0
264.3
1,036.3
351.8
Northshore
100%
260.2
United
Taconite
Totals
100%
400.9
23.1
65.9
22.9
466.8
23.0
33%
156.2
475.1
159.2
1,214.5
730.8
1,945.3
637.0
2,448.2
812.8
1 Tilden hematite reported grade is percent FeT; all other properties are percent magnetic iron
2 Saleable product is a standard pellet containing 60 to 66 percent Fe calculated from both proven and probable mineral reserves
3 Saleable product is reported on a dry basis; shipped products typically contain 1 to 4 percent moisture
4 Process recovery includes all factors for converting crude ore tonnage to saleable product
5 Cutoff grades are 15 percent magnetic iron for Hibbing and Empire, 17 percent for United Taconite, 19 percent for
Northshore and 20 percent for Tilden. Cutoff for Tilden hematite is 25 percent FeT.
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
All tonnages reported for our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operating segment are in metric tons of 2,205 pounds, have
been rounded to the nearest 100,000 and are reported on a 100 percent basis.
Asia Pacific Iron Ore Mineral Reserves
as of December 31, 2015
(In Millions of Metric Tons)1
Probable
Proven
Proven & Probable
Previous Year Total
Property
Koolyanobbing
Cliffs
Share
100%
Tonnage
% Fe
Tonnage
4.1
56.6
45.0
% Fe
60.1
Tonnage
49.1
% Fe2
59.8
Tonnage
60.8
1 Tonnages reported are saleable product reported on a dry basis; shipped products contain approximately 5 percent moisture
2 Cutoff grade is 54 percent FeT
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
Alabama Dust Litigation. At the time of the sale of our Oak Grove mine to Seneca on December 22, 2015, three
cases were pending in the Alabama state court system that comprise the Alabama Dust Litigation. Generally, these
claims were asserted by nearby homeowners alleging that dust emanating from the Concord Preparation Plant causes
damage to their properties. The defense and any liability relating to these lawsuits has been assumed by Seneca as
part of the sale. As such, we will not continue to make disclosures relating to this litigation.
Bloom Lake Investigation. CQIM, Bloom Lake General Partner Limited and Bloom Lake were investigated by
Environment Canada in relation to alleged violations of Section 36(3) of the Fisheries Act that prohibits the deposit of a
38
Table of Contents
deleterious substance in water frequented by fish or in any place where the deleterious substance may enter any such
water and Section 40(3) of the Fisheries Act in relation to an alleged failure to comply with a direction of an inspector.
The investigation covered several alleged incidents that occurred between April 2011 and December 2014. The Bloom
Lake investigation was settled on December 19, 2014, resolving all allegations and included a fine of C$1.5 million and
a contribution to the Environmental Damages Fund of C$6.0 million. CQIM, Bloom Lake General Partner Limited and
Bloom Lake entered into a Management Directive with Environment Canada which outlines compliance obligations to
address these concerns going forward.
Empire NPDES Permit Enforcement. Empire received an enforcement letter on December 22, 2015 from the
MDEQ alleging exceedances of the selenium effluent limit in 2014 and 2015. The letter invited Empire to resolve the
matter via an Administrative Consent Order. Discussions with MDEQ regarding the foregoing alleged exceedances
have not been concluded and the resolution of these matters is uncertain at this time. However, it is not anticipated
that the Administrative Consent Order obligations will be material to us.
ERISA Litigation. On May 14, 2015, a lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District
of Ohio captioned Paul Saumer, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, v. Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
et al., No. 1:15-CV-00954. This action was purportedly brought on behalf of the Northshore and Silver Bay Power
Company Retirement Savings Plan (the "Plan") and certain participants and beneficiaries of the Plan during the class
period, defined in the complaint as April 2, 2012 to the present, against Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., its investment
committee, Northshore, the Employee Benefits Administration Department of Northshore, and certain current and former
officers. Plaintiff amended the complaint to name as defendants additional current and former employees who served
on the investment committee. The suit alleges that the defendants breached their duties to the plaintiffs and the Plan in
violation of ERISA fiduciary rules by, among other things, continuing to offer and hold Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. stock
as a Plan investment option during the class period. The relief sought includes a request for a judgment ordering the
defendants to make good to the Plan all losses to the Plan resulting from the alleged breaches of fiduciary duties. The
lawsuit has been referred to our insurance carriers. On December 16, 2015, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the
lawsuit.
Essar Litigation. On January 12, 2015, The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, Northshore Mining Company and
Cliffs Mining Company (collectively, the "Cliffs Plaintiffs") filed a complaint against Essar in the U.S. District Court for the
Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, asserting that Essar breached the parties' Pellet Sale and Purchase Agreement,
as amended (the "Pellet Agreement") by, among other things, failing to take delivery of and pay for its nominated ore in
2014, failing to make certain payments under a true up provision, and disclosing confidential information. The complaint
also seeks a declaration that Essar is not entitled to receive certain credit payments under the terms of the Pellet
Agreement. The Cliffs Plaintiffs seek damages in excess of $90 million. Essar filed an Answer and Counterclaim on
February 11, 2015, seeking damages in excess of $160 million for various alleged breaches of the Pellet Agreement,
including failure to deliver ore, overcharging for certain deliveries, failure to pay certain credit payments and disclosing
confidential information. The parties started the discovery process, with a discovery cutoff date set for October 30, 2015,
and a trial date set for December 7, 2015. The parties agreed to attempt mediation of the claims. Two mediation sessions
took place on March 7 and April 21, 2015. The mediations were unsuccessful. The Cliffs Plaintiffs filed a Motion for
Partial Summary Judgment on July 31, 2015, which was granted in part on October 8, 2015. With respect to the Cliffs
Plaintiffs' claim that Essar had breached by failing to take its 2014 nomination, the Court found that Essar had breached
and had failed to take between 500,000 and 700,000 tons of its 2014 nomination. The summary judgment ruling also
dismissed Essar’s counterclaim that the Cliffs Plaintiffs had overcharged Essar by improperly measuring moisture levels.
With respect to this claim, the Court found that there was "no basis" for Essar's claim that the Cliffs Plaintiffs had breached
the contract. On October 5, 2015, the Cliffs Plaintiffs terminated the Pellet Agreement because of Essar’s continual
breach of the Pellet Agreement. On October 6, 2015, Essar filed motions for temporary restraining order and preliminary
injunction. Essar withdrew both motions on October 15, 2015, before any order was entered on either motion.
On November 9, 2015, Essar filed for protection under CCAA in Canada in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice
and Chapter 15 bankruptcy protection in the United States in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. As a
result of the stay related to Essar's bankruptcy proceedings, the litigation in U.S. District Court for the Northern District
of Ohio was dismissed without prejudice stating that either party could reinstate the case upon application, if necessary,
when the bankruptcy proceedings have concluded. Essar moved the CCAA Court to determine that the Cliffs Plaintiffs'
termination of the Pellet Agreement was invalid and to reinstate the Pellet Agreement. The Cliffs Plaintiffs have objected
based upon inappropriate jurisdiction and other grounds. On January 25, 2016, the CCAA Court determined that it has
proper jurisdiction and instructed the parties to determine an appropriate procedure to try the facts in front of the CCAA
Court. The Cliffs Plaintiffs filed an appeal of the CCAA Court's decision regarding proper jurisdiction on February 8,
2016.
39
Table of Contents
Michigan Electricity Matters. On February 19, 2015, in connection with various proceedings before FERC with
respect to certain cost allocations for continued operation of the Presque Isle Power Plant in Marquette, Michigan, FERC
issued an order directing MISO to submit a revised methodology for allocating SSR costs that identified the load serving
entities that require the operation of SSR units at the power plant for reliability purposes. On September 17, 2015, FERC
issued an order conditionally approving MISO’s revised allocation methodology. Parties have filed petitions for rehearing
on FERC's order as well as protests against MISO's compliance filing submitted pursuant to the order. FERC has deferred
its decision on the issue of retroactive refunds until after it has approved MISO’s allocation methodology in full. Should
FERC award SSR costs based on the revised cost allocation methodology applied retroactively, our current estimate of
the potential liability to our Empire and Tilden mines is approximately $17.1 million. We, however, continue to challenge
the imposition of any SSR costs before FERC and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.
Pinnacle Mine Environmental Litigation. On June 22, 2010, the West Virginia DEP filed a lawsuit in the Wyoming
County Circuit Court against the Pinnacle mine alleging past non-compliance with its NPDES discharge permit. The
complaint seeks injunctive relief and penalties. An initial penalty proposal of $1.0 million was offered by the West Virginia
DEP in March 2012; however, Pinnacle disagrees with the alleged violations and has met with the DEP to present facts
supporting a review and reduction of the proposed penalty. The defense and any liability relating to this lawsuit have
been assumed by Seneca as part of the sale. As such, we will not continue to make disclosures relating to this litigation.
Pointe Noire Investigation. Wabush Mines was investigated by Environment Canada in relation to alleged
violations of (i) Section 36(3) of the Fisheries Act, which prohibits the deposit of a deleterious substance in water frequented
by fish or in any place where the deleterious substance may enter any such water, and (ii) Section 5.1 of the Migratory
Bird Convention Act, 1994. The Québec Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment, Wildlife and Parks also
conducted an investigation into alleged violations of Section 8 of the Hazardous Material Regulation, which prohibits the
discharge of a hazardous material to the environment. The investigations covered events surrounding and leading up
to the alleged release of approximately 1,320 gallons of fuel oil into the Bay of Sept-Iles on September 1, 2013. We
cooperated with the investigators and agency response officials. In April 2014, the Québec Ministry of Justice filed a
penalty charge related to the incident. The Pointe Noire investigation was settled in December 2014. A fine of C$750,000
and C$61,000 in costs were paid. We are anticipating a report by the Québec Ministry related to their assessment of
the cleanup activities performed by Wabush Mines and further direction related to requirements for additional
environmental monitoring, if any.
Putative Class Action Lawsuits. In May 2014, alleged purchasers of our common shares filed suit in the U.S.
District Court for the Northern District of Ohio against us and certain former officers and directors of the Company. The
action is captioned Department of the Treasury of the State of New Jersey and Its Division of Investment v. Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc., et al., No. 1:14-CV-1031. As amended, the action asserts violations of the federal securities laws based
on alleged false or misleading statements or omissions during the period of March 14, 2012 to March 26, 2013, regarding
operations at our Bloom Lake mine in Québec, Canada, and the impact of those operations on our finances and outlook,
including sustainability of the dividend, and that the alleged misstatements caused our common shares to trade at
artificially inflated prices. The parties have successfully mediated this dispute and reached a settlement in principle,
subject to definitive documentation, shareholder notice and court approval. The lawsuit had been referred to our insurance
carriers, who will be required to pay the entirety of the $84 million settlement amount, if approved by the court. The court
is expected to schedule a settlement approval hearing. The settlement of this lawsuit, if approved, will have no impact
on our financial position or operations.
In June 2014, an alleged purchaser of the depositary shares issued by Cliffs in a public offering in February 2013
filed a putative class action, which is captioned Rosenberg v. Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., et al., and after a round of
removal and remand motions, is now pending in the Cuyahoga County , Ohio, Court of Common Pleas, No. CV-14-828140.
As amended, the suit asserts claims against us, certain current and former officers and directors of the Company, and
several underwriters of the offering, alleging disclosure violations in the offering documents regarding operations at our
Bloom Lake mine, the impact of those operations on our finances and outlook, and about the progress of our former
exploratory chromite project in Ontario, Canada. The parties successfully mediated this dispute and reached a settlement
agreement in principle, subject to definitive documentation, notice to class members and court approval. The settlement
provides for a payment to the proposed class of $10 million, which has been deposited into escrow by the insurance
carriers. A court hearing, during which the parties will seek court approval of the proposed class action settlement, is
scheduled for April 14, 2016.
Shareholder Derivative Lawsuits. In June and July 2014, alleged shareholders of Cliffs filed three derivative
actions in the Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Court of Common Pleas asserting claims against certain current and former
officers and directors of the Company. These actions, captioned Black v. Carrabba, et al., No. CV-14-827803, Asmussen
v. Carrabba, et al., No. CV-14-829259, and Williams, et al. v. Carrabba, et al., No. CV-14-829499, allege that the individually
named defendants violated their fiduciary duties to the Company by, among other things, disseminating false and
40
Table of Contents
misleading information regarding operations at our Bloom Lake mine in Québec, Canada, and the impact of those
operations on our finances and outlook, including sustainability of the dividend, failing to maintain internal controls, and
failing to appropriately oversee and manage the Company. The complaints assert additional claims for unjust enrichment,
abuse of control, gross mismanagement, overpayment upon departure of certain executives, and waste of corporate
assets. The parties have reached a settlement in principle to settle all three cases, subject to definitive documentation,
shareholder notice and court approval. Under the pending settlement, the Company will agree to enact or continue
various corporate-governance related measures and to pay plaintiffs' attorneys' fees and expenses. The lawsuit had
been referred to our insurance carriers who will pay $775,000 for attorneys' fees and expenses to plaintiffs' lawyers. The
settlement of these actions will have no impact on our financial position. Following the announcement of the settlement
in principle of these three shareholder derivative cases, an additional derivative shareholder action, captioned Mansour
v. Carrabba, et al., No. 16-CV-00390, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio against the
same defendants and alleging substantially identical claims. This additional lawsuit has been referred to our insurance
carriers.
The Rio Tinto Mine Site. The Rio Tinto Mine Site is an historic underground copper mine located near Mountain
City, Nevada, where tailings were placed in Mill Creek, a tributary to the Owyhee River. Site investigation and remediation
work is being conducted in accordance with a Consent Order dated September 14, 2001, between the Nevada DEP and
the RTWG composed of the Company, Atlantic Richfield Company, Teck Cominco American Incorporated and E. I. duPont
de Nemours and Company. The Consent Order provides for technical review by the U.S. Department of the Interior
Bureau of Indian Affairs, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, the Nevada
DEP and the Shoshone-Paiute Tribe of the Duck Valley Reservation (collectively, the "Rio Tinto Trustees"). In recognition
of the potential for an NRD claim, the parties actively pursued a global settlement that would include the EPA and
encompass both the remedial action and the NRD issues.
The Nevada DEP published a Record of Decision for the Rio Tinto Mine, which was signed on February 14,
2012, by the Nevada DEP and the EPA. On September 27, 2012, the agencies subsequently issued a proposed Consent
Decree, which was lodged with the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada and was finalized on May 20, 2013.
Under the terms of the Consent Decree, the RTWG has agreed to pay over $29 million in cleanup costs and natural
resource damages to the site and surrounding area. Under the terms of the Consent Decree, the RTWG is responsible
for removing mine tailings from Mill Creek, improving the creek to support redband trout, improving water quality in Mill
Creek and the East Fork Owyhee River and long term monitoring of the site. Nevada DEP will oversee the cleanup, with
input from EPA and monitoring from the Rio Tinto Trustees. The Company's share of the total settlement cost, which
includes this remedial action, insurance and other oversight costs, was $12.2 million. As of December 31, 2015, we had
completed all required payments related to the Consent Decree.
Southern Natural Gas Lawsuit. On July 23, 2014, Southern Natural Gas Company, L.L.C. filed a lawsuit in the
Circuit Court of Jefferson County, Alabama (Case No. 68-CV-2014-900533.00) against the Company and others. The
suit seeks to prevent coal mining activity underneath a gas pipeline at our Oak Grove property and to require defendants
to pay the costs associated with relocating that pipeline. The suit asserts claims for declaratory judgment and nuisance.
This lawsuit was pending at the time of the sale of our Oak Grove mine to Seneca. The defense and any liability relating
to this lawsuit has been assumed by Seneca as part of the sale, including the obligation to indemnify the Company as
a named defendant. As such, we will not continue to make disclosures relating to this litigation.
Taconite MACT Compliance Review. EPA Region 5 issued Notices of Violation during the first quarter of 2014
to Empire, Tilden and United Taconite related to alleged historical violations of the Taconite MACT rule and certain
elements of the respective state-issued Title V operating permits. While the matter has been referred to the DOJ for
enforcement, it is not anticipated currently to have a material impact on our business.
Worldlink Arbitration. In October 2011, our wholly owned subsidiary, CQIM, along with Bloom Lake General
Partner Limited and The Bloom Lake Iron Ore Mine Limited Partnership, instituted an arbitration claim against the Bloom
Lake mine’s former customer, Worldlink Resources Limited, for material and/or fundamental breaches of the parties’
2007 offtake agreement for the purchase and sale of iron concentrate produced at the Bloom Lake mine. Our subsidiaries
filed the arbitration claim with the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce pursuant
to the dispute resolution provisions of the offtake agreement. Our subsidiaries terminated the offtake agreement with
Worldlink in August 2011 due to Worldlink’s failure to fulfill its obligations under the agreement and Worldlink’s demand
to renegotiate the price of the iron ore concentrate in spite of being party to a long-term offtake agreement. Our subsidiaries
claimed damages for the breach of the offtake agreement in excess of $85 million and Worldlink counterclaimed for
damages in excess of $100 million. In November 2014, the arbitrators decided in favor of Worldlink and awarded it
damages in an amount of approximately $71 million as well as approximately $25 million in accrued interest from the
date of termination of the offtake agreement in August 2011 and arbitration costs. This judgment has been included in
the CCAA filing of the Bloom Lake Group and will be treated as an unsecured claim.
41
Table of Contents
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
We are committed to protecting the occupational health and well-being of each of our employees. Safety is one
of our core values, and we strive to ensure that safe production is the first priority for all employees. Our internal objective
is to achieve zero injuries and incidents across the Company by focusing on proactively identifying needed prevention
activities, establishing standards and evaluating performance to mitigate any potential loss to people, equipment,
production and the environment. We have implemented intensive employee training that is geared toward maintaining
a high level of awareness and knowledge of safety and health issues in the work environment through the development
and coordination of requisite information, skills and attitudes. We believe that through these policies, we have developed
an effective safety management system.
Under the Dodd-Frank Act, each operator of a coal or other mine is required to include certain mine safety results
within its periodic reports filed with the SEC. As required by the reporting requirements included in §1503(a) of the Dodd-
Frank Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K, the required mine safety results regarding certain mining safety and health
matters for each of our mine locations that are covered under the scope of the Dodd-Frank Act are included in Exhibit
95 of Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
42
Table of Contents
PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases
of Equity Securities
Stock Exchange Information
Our common shares (ticker symbol CLF) are listed on the NYSE.
Common Share Price Performance and Dividends
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per common share as
reported on the NYSE and the dividends declared per common share:
First Quarter
$
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Year
$
High
9.39
6.87
4.53
3.73
9.39
2015
Low
Dividends
High
4.12
4.27
2.28
1.42
1.42
$
$
— $
—
—
—
—
26.63
21.25
18.41
11.70
26.63
At February 22, 2016, we had 1,274 shareholders of record.
$
2014
Low
17.40
13.60
10.19
5.63
5.63
$
Dividends
$
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.60
On January 26, 2015, we announced that our Board of Directors had decided to eliminate the quarterly dividend
of $0.15 per share on our common shares. The decision was applicable to the first quarter of 2015 and all subsequent
quarters.
Shareholder Return Performance
The following graph shows changes over the past five-year period in the value of $100 invested in: (1) Cliffs'
common shares; (2) S&P 500 Stock Index; (3) S&P Smallcap 600 Index; and (4) S&P Metals and Mining ETF Index.
The values of each investment are based on price change plus reinvestment of all dividends reported to shareholders.
43
Table of Contents
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Return %
Cum $
100.00
S&P 500 Index - Total Returns Return %
2010
2011
-19.24
80.76
2.08
S&P Smallcap 600 Index
Cum $
Return %
Cum $
100.00
100.00
102.08
S&P Metals and Mining ETF
Return %
Cum $
100.00
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
0.99
100.99
-28.16
71.84
2012
-34.76
52.69
15.98
118.39
16.30
117.45
-6.60
67.10
2013
-30.17
36.79
32.36
156.70
41.29
165.65
-5.37
63.50
2014
-71.56
10.46
13.69
178.15
5.73
175.95
9.77
69.70
2015
-77.87
2.32
1.38
180.61
-2.00
171.95
-50.51
34.49
The following table presents information with respect to repurchases by the Company of our common shares
during the periods indicated.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Total Number of
Shares
(or Units)
Purchased (1)
Average Price
Paid per Share
(or Unit)
— $
3,548 $
83,388 $
86,936 $
—
3.24
1.58
1.65
Total Number of
Shares (or Units)
Purchased as Part
of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
—
Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares (or
Units) that May Yet be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs (2)
$200,000,000
—
—
—
$200,000,000
—
—
Period
October 1 - 31, 2015
November 1 - 30, 2015
December 1 - 31, 2015
Total
(1)
(2)
These shares were delivered to us by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting or
payment of stock awards.
On August 25, 2014, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase plan pursuant to which we were
permitted to buy back our outstanding common shares in the open market or in private negotiated transactions
up to a maximum of $200 million. No shares were purchased through December 31, 2015. The authorization
expired on December 31, 2015.
44
Table of Contents
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Summary of Financial and Other Statistical Data - Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
2012 (c)
2013 (e)
2015 (g)
2014 (f)
2011 (b)
Financial data (in millions, except per share amounts) *
Revenue from product sales and services
$
2,013.3
$
3,373.2
$
3,890.8
$ 3,982.7
$ 4,873.7
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses
(1,776.8)
(2,487.5)
(2,406.4)
(2,438.4)
(2,197.0)
(85.2)
151.3
143.7
(892.1)
(748.4)
(0.9)
(749.3)
(38.4)
(755.6)
130.1
56.4
(8,368.0)
(8,311.6)
1,087.4
(7,224.2)
(51.2)
(104.1)
1,380.3
878.9
(517.1)
361.8
51.7
413.5
(48.7)
(239.3)
1,305.0
336.4
(1,463.0)
(1,126.6)
227.2
(899.4)
—
(201.5)
2,475.2
1,904.1
(91.5)
1,812.6
(193.5)
1,619.1
—
(787.7)
$ (7,275.4)
$
364.8
$
(899.4)
$ 1,619.1
0.63
$
(0.14)
$
(5.77)
(47.38)
5.37
(2.97)
(5.14)
$
(47.52)
$
2.40
$
$
$
$
2.19
$
12.61
(8.51)
(1.06)
(6.32)
$
11.55
2.18
$
12.53
(8.48)
(1.05)
(6.30)
$
11.48
(0.14)
$
(47.38)
4.95
(2.58)
(47.52)
$
2.37
3,147.2
$ 13,102.9
$ 13,549.6
$ 14,516.6
2,911.5
358.9
1.76
51.2
0.60
92.5
—
153.1
153.2
29.7
11.4
22.4
21.8
11.5
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,968.4
1,145.9
$ 4,081.7
$ 3,701.2
$
514.5
$ 2,288.0
1.66
48.7
0.60
91.9
—
151.7
153.1
27.2
11.1
20.3
21.3
11.0
$
$
—
—
2.16
307.2
—
142.4
142.5
29.5
11.3
22.0
21.6
11.7
$
$
$
—
—
0.84
118.9
289.8
140.2
142.0
31.0
8.9
23.7
24.2
8.6
0.63
(5.76)
(5.13)
2,135.5
2,755.6
37.9
1.32
38.4
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
— $
— $
—
153.2
153.6
Other operating expense
Operating income
Income from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net income (loss)
Loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest
Net income (loss) attributable to Cliffs shareholders
Preferred stock dividends
Income (loss) attributable to Cliffs common shareholders
Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to
Cliffs common shareholders - basic
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to
Cliffs common shareholders - basic
Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to
Cliffs common shareholders - diluted
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to
Cliffs common shareholders - diluted
Total assets
Long-term debt obligations (including capital leases)
Net cash from operating activities
Distributions to preferred shareholders cash dividends (d)
- Per depositary share
- Total
Distributions to common shareholders cash dividends (a)
- Per share
- Total
Repurchases of common shares
Common shares outstanding - basic (millions)
- Average for year
- At year-end
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Iron ore production and sales statistics
(tons in millions - U.S. Iron Ore; metric tons in millions - Asia Pacific Iron Ore)
Production tonnage - U.S. Iron Ore
- Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Production tonnage - (Cliffs' share)
- U.S. Iron Ore
Sales tonnage - U.S. Iron Ore
- Asia Pacific Iron Ore
26.1
11.7
19.3
17.3
11.6
45
Table of Contents
* Management determined as of March 31, 2015, that our North American Coal operating segment met the criteria to be classified as held for sale
under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. The North American Coal segment continued to meet the criteria throughout 2015 until
we sold our North American Coal operations during the fourth quarter of 2015. As such, all current and historical North American Coal operating
segment results are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued operations.
On January 27, 2015, we announced that the Bloom Lake Group commenced restructuring proceedings (the "Bloom Filing") under the CCAA with
the Québec Superior Court (Commercial Division) in Montreal (the “Court”). At that time, the Bloom Lake Group was no longer generating revenues
and was not able to meet its obligations as they came due. The Bloom Filing addressed the Bloom Lake Group's immediate liquidity issues and
permits the Bloom Lake Group to preserve and protect its assets for the benefit of all stakeholders while restructuring and sale options are explored.
As part of the CCAA process, the Court approved the appointment of a Monitor and certain other financial advisors. Additionally, on May 20, 2015,
we announced that the Wabush Group commenced restructuring proceedings (the "Wabush Filing") in the Court under the CCAA. As a result of
this action, the CCAA protections granted to the Bloom Lake Group were extended to include the Wabush Group to facilitate the reorganization
of each of their businesses and operations. The Wabush Group was no longer generating revenues and was not able to meet its obligations as
they came due. The inclusion of the Wabush Group in the existing Bloom Filing will facilitate a more comprehensive restructuring and sale process
of both the Bloom Lake Group and the Wabush Group which collectively include mine, port and rail assets and will lead to a more effective and
streamlined exit from Eastern Canada. The Wabush Filing will also mitigate various legacy related long-term liabilities associated with the Wabush
Group. As part of the Wabush Filing, the Court approved the appointment of a Monitor and certain other financial advisors. The Monitor of the
Wabush Group is also the Monitor of the Bloom Lake Group. Financial results prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and
Wabush Groups and subsequent expenses directly associated with the Canadian Entities are included in our financial statements and classified
within discontinued operations.
On July 10, 2012, we entered into a definitive share and asset sale agreement to sell our 45 percent economic interest in the Sonoma joint venture
coal mine located in Queensland, Australia. Additionally, on September 27, 2011, we announced our plans to cease and dispose of the operations
at the renewaFUEL biomass production facility in Michigan. On January 4, 2012, we entered into an agreement to sell the renewaFUEL assets
to RNFL Acquisition LLC. The results of operations of the Sonoma joint venture and renewaFUEL operations are reflected as discontinued
operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented.
(a) During 2011 we paid quarterly common share dividends of $0.14 per share. The increased 2011 cash dividends were paid on March 1, 2011,
and June 1, 2011, to shareholders on record as of February 15, 2011, and April 29, 2011, respectively. On July 12, 2011, our Board of Directors
increased the quarterly common share dividend by 100 percent to $0.28 per share. The increased cash dividend was paid on September 1,
2011, December 1, 2011, and March 1, 2012, to our shareholders on record as of the close of business on August 15, 2011, November 18, 2011,
and February 15, 2012, respectively. On March 13, 2012, our Board of Directors increased the quarterly common share dividend by 123 percent
to $0.625 per share. The increased cash dividend was paid on June 1, 2012, August 31, 2012 and December 3, 2012 to our shareholders on
record as of April 27, 2012, August 15, 2012, and November 23, 2012, respectively. On February 11, 2013, our Board of Directors approved a
reduction to our quarterly cash dividend rate by 76 percent to $0.15 per share. The decreased dividend of $0.15 per share was paid on March 1,
2013, June 3, 2013, September 3, 2013, and December 2, 2013 to our common shareholders of record as of the close of business on February
22, 2013, May 17, 2013, August 15, 2013, and November 22, 2013, respectively. Additionally, in 2014, the dividend of $0.15 per share was paid
on March 3, 2014, June 3, 2014, September 2, 2014 and December 1, 2014 to our common shareholders of record as of the close of business
on February 21, 2014, May 23, 2014, August 15, 2014, and November 15, 2014, respectively. On January 26, 2015, we announced that our
Board of Directors had decided to eliminate the quarterly dividend of $0.15 per share on our common shares. The decision was applicable to
the first quarter of 2015 and all subsequent quarters. The elimination of the common share dividend provides us with additional free cash flow
of approximately $92 million annually, which we intend to use for further debt reduction.
(b) On May 12, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Consolidated Thompson by acquiring all of the outstanding common shares of Consolidated
Thompson for C$17.25 per share in an all-cash transaction including total debt less cash. Consolidated Thompson was included within the entities
under the CCAA filing. As noted above, financial results prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and Wabush Groups and
subsequent expenses directly associated with the Canadian Entities are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued
operations.
In 2011, during our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter, a goodwill impairment charge of $27.8 million was recorded for our
CLCC reporting unit, within the North American Coal operating segment. As noted above, all current and historical North American Coal operating
segment results are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued operations.
(c) Upon performing our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2012, goodwill impairment charges of $997.3 million and $2.7 million
were recorded for our CQIM and Wabush reporting units, respectively, both within the Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operating segment. We also
recorded an impairment charge of $49.9 million related to our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operations to reduce those assets to their estimated
fair value as of December 31, 2012, due to the idling of the pelletizing facility at Pointe Noire. All of these charges impacted Other operating
expense. The Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operations were included within the entities under the CCAA filing. As noted above, financial results
prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and Wabush Groups and subsequent expenses directly associated with the Canadian
Entities are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued operations.
As a result of the approval for the sale of our 30 percent interest in Amapá, an impairment charge of $365.4 million was recorded through Equity
income (loss) from ventures for the year ended December 31, 2012.
(d) On March 20, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $13.6111 per preferred share, which is equivalent to approximately $0.34
per depositary share. The cash dividend was paid on May 1, 2013, to our preferred shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 15,
2013. On May 7, 2013, September 9, 2013, and November 11, 2013, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $17.50 per
preferred share, which is equivalent to approximately $0.44 per depositary share. The cash dividends were paid on August 1, 2013, November
1, 2013, and February 3, 2014 to our preferred shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 15, 2013, October 15, 2013, and
January 15, 2014, respectively. The cash dividend was paid on May 1, 2013 to our preferred shareholders of record as of the close of business
on April 15, 2013. On February 11, 2014, May 13, 2014, September 8, 2014, and November 19, 2014, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly
cash dividend of $17.50 per preferred share, which is equivalent to approximately $0.44 per depositary share. The cash dividends were paid
on May 1, 2014, August 1, 2014, November 3, 2014, and February 2, 2015, to our preferred shareholders of record as of the close of business
on April 15, 2014, July 15, 2014, October 15, 2014, and January 15, 2015, respectively. On March 27, 2015, July 1, 2015, and September 10,
2015, our Board of Directors declared the quarterly cash dividend of $17.50 per Preferred Share, which is equivalent to approximately $0.44 per
depositary share. The cash dividend was paid on May 1, 2015, August 3, 2015, and November 2, 2015 to our shareholders of record as of the
close of business on April 15, 2015, July 15, 2015, and October 15, 2015, respectively.
(e) Upon performing our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2013, a goodwill impairment charge of $80.9 million was recorded
for our Cliffs Chromite Ontario and Cliffs Chromite Far North reporting units within our Ferroalloys operating segment. We also recorded other
long-lived asset impairment charges of $169.9 million, of which $154.6 million relates to our Wabush reporting unit within our Eastern Canadian
Iron Ore operating segment to reduce those assets to their estimated fair value as of December 31, 2013. These reporting units were included
within the entities under the CCAA filing. As noted above, financial results prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and Wabush
Groups and subsequent expenses directly associated with the Canadian Entities are included in our financial statements and classified within
discontinued operations.
46
Table of Contents
(f) During 2014, we recorded an impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets of $73.5 million. The goodwill impairment charge of $73.5 million
related to our Asia Pacific Iron Ore reporting unit. There were also other long-lived asset impairment charges of $562.0 million related to our
continuing operations including the Asia Pacific Iron Ore operating segment and our Other reportable segments. The other long-lived asset
impairment charges which related to our discontinued operations were $8,394.4 million related to our Wabush operation and Bloom Lake operation
within our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operating segment, and our CLCC thermal operation, Oak Grove operation and Pinnacle operation within
our North American Coal operating segment, along with impairments charged to reporting units within our Other reportable segments. The
impairment charges were primarily a result of changes in life-of-mine cash flows due to declining pricing for both global iron ore and low-volatile
metallurgical coal, which impacts our estimate of long-term pricing, along with changes in strategic focus including exploratory phases of possible
divestiture of the operations as the new Chief Operating Decision Maker views Eastern Canadian Iron Ore, Asia Pacific Iron Ore, North American
Coal and Ferroalloys as non-core assets. The CLCC assets were sold in the fourth quarter of 2014 on December 31, 2014, resulting in a loss
on sale of $419.6 million. As noted above, all current and historical North American Coal operating segment results are included in our financial
statement and classified within discontinued operations.
(g) On January 27, 2015, we announced that the Bloom Lake Group commenced restructuring proceedings (the "Bloom Filing") under the CCAA
with the Québec Superior Court (Commercial Division) in Montreal (the “Court”). Additionally, on May 20, 2015, we announced that the Wabush
Group commenced restructuring proceedings (the "Wabush Filing") in the Court under the CCAA. As a result of this action, the CCAA protections
granted to the Bloom Lake Group were extended to include the Wabush Group to facilitate the reorganization of each of their businesses and
operations.
Consistent with our strategy to extract maximum value from our current assets, on December 22, 2015, we sold our equity interests in all the
remaining North American Coal operations to Seneca Coal Resources, LLC ("Seneca"). The sale included Pinnacle mine in West Virginia and
Oak Grove mine in Alabama. Additionally, Seneca may pay Cliffs an earn-out of up to $50 million contingent upon the terms of a revenue sharing
agreement which extends through the year 2020. As noted above, all current and historical North American Coal operating segment results are
included in our financial statement and classified within discontinued operations.
47
Table of Contents
Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is designed
to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial
condition, results of operations, liquidity and other factors that may affect our future results. The following discussion
should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes that appear elsewhere in
this document.
Industry Overview
The key driver of our business is demand for steelmaking raw materials from U.S. steelmakers. In 2015, the
U.S. produced approximately 79 million metric tons of crude steel or about 5 percent of total global crude steel production.
This represents an approximate 10 percent decrease in U.S. crude steel production when compared to 2014. U.S. total
steel capacity utilization was approximately 71 percent in 2015, which is an approximate 7 percent decrease from 2014.
Additionally, in 2015, China produced approximately 804 million metric tons of crude steel, or approximately 50 percent
of total global crude steel production. These figures represent an approximate 2 percent decrease in Chinese crude
steel production when compared to 2014. Throughout 2015, global crude steel production decreased about 3 percent
compared to 2014.
Throughout 2015, the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price has been driven down by a combination of reduced
domestic steel demand from China and increased global iron ore production leading to excess supply, as well as mining
cost deflation and a sharp fall in Australian and Brazilian currencies versus the U.S. dollar. In 2016, we do not expect
to see meaningful improvement in iron ore prices without significant changes to the global iron ore supply-demand picture.
The iron ore supply-demand situation has not only adversely impacted iron ore producers, but also the global
steel industry. Currently, the global steel industry is experiencing its worst conditions in over a decade, with prices for
products falling even lower than those realized during the most recent recession - the 2008 global financial crisis. We
believe that very low cost iron ore has contributed substantially to foreign steel exported out of China and other countries
into the U.S. market. As a result of these imports, as well as the continued weakening of the oil and gas sector, domestic
pricing for steel has been depressed and in turn, our customers' demand for pellets has fallen. In 2016, we expect these
conditions to improve as recently imposed duties on unfairly traded steel should curb the steel imports entering the U.S,
and as a result we expect to see domestic steel pricing rising throughout 2016.
The Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price decreased 37 percent to an average price of $47 per ton for the three
months ended December 31, 2015 compared to the respective quarter of 2014. In comparison, the year to date Platts
62 percent Fe fines spot pricing has decreased 43 percent to an average price of $56 per ton during the year ended
December 31, 2015. These large decreases in the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price were driven by insufficient growth
in Chinese demand to absorb the additional seaborne supply. The spot price volatility impacts our realized revenue
rates, particularly in our Asia Pacific Iron Ore business segment because its contracts correlate heavily to world market
spot pricing and to a lesser extent certain of our U.S. Iron Ore contracts.
As a result of our long-term contracts, for the three months and year ended December 31, 2015 when compared
to the comparable prior year, our U.S. Iron Ore revenues experienced a realized revenue rate decrease of 25 percent
and 23 percent, respectively, versus the much higher decreases in Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price. Additionally,
the first quarter sales tons for U.S. Iron Ore in both 2015 and 2014 include a substantial amount of carry over tonnage
from prior year nominations which are priced based on prior year price formulas.
Our consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $2.0 billion and $3.4 billion,
respectively, with net income from continuing operations per diluted share of $0.63 and net loss from continuing operations
per diluted share of $0.14, respectively. Net income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2015
was impacted positively by a $392.9 million gain on extinguishment of debt. This was offset by lower sales margin which
decreased by $649.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 when compared to 2014 primarily driven by lower
market pricing for our products and decreased sales volume partially offset by cost cutting measures and favorable
foreign exchange rates. Additionally, results for the year ended December 31, 2015 were impacted negatively by the
increase in income tax expense of $255.3 million primarily due to the net increase in the valuation allowance on U.S.
deferred tax assets, partially offset by the utilization of net operating losses. Net income from continuing operations in
2014 was impacted negatively by $562.0 million of long-lived asset impairment recorded in the second half of 2014 along
with $73.5 million of goodwill impairment recorded in the third quarter of 2014.
48
Table of Contents
Strategy
The Company is Focused on our Core U.S. Iron Ore Business
We continue the strategic shift to a company focused fully on our U.S. Iron Ore business. We are the market-
leading iron ore producer in the U.S., supplying differentiated iron ore pellets under long-term contracts, some of which
begin to expire at the end of 2016, to the largest North America steel producers. Cliffs has the unique advantage of
being a low cost producer of iron ore pellets in the U.S. market. Pricing structures contained in and the long-term supply
provided by our existing contracts, along with our low-cost operating profile, positions U.S. Iron Ore as our most stable
business. We expect to continue to strengthen our U.S. Iron Ore operating cost profile through continuous operational
improvements and disciplined capital allocation policies. Strategically, we continue to develop various entry options into
the EAF market. As the EAF steel market continues to grow in the U.S., there is an opportunity for our iron ore to serve
this market by providing pellets to the alternative metallics market to produce direct reduced iron pellets, hot briquetted
iron and/or pig iron. In 2015, we produced and shipped a batch trial of DR-grade pellets, a source of lower silica iron
units for the production of direct reduced iron pellets. In early 2016, we reached a significant milestone with positive
results from the successful industrial trial of our DR-grade pellets. While we are still in the early stages of developing
our alternative metallic business, we believe this will open up a new opportunity for us to diversify our product mix and
add new customers to our U.S. Iron Ore segment beyond the traditional blast furnace clientele.
Reviewing All Other Businesses for Either Optimization, Divestiture or Shutdown
We commenced restructuring proceedings for our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore businesses under the CCAA in
the first quarter of 2015. During the second quarter of 2015, the CCAA protection granted to the Bloom Lake Group was
extended to include the Wabush Group to facilitate the reorganization of each of their businesses and operations. For
more information regarding the status of our divestiture of our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore business, see NOTE 14 -
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further information.
On December 22, 2015, we closed the sale of our remaining North American Coal business which included
Pinnacle mine in West Virginia and Oak Grove mine in Alabama. The remaining North American Coal business was
sold to Seneca Coal Resources, LLC. The sale marked our exit from the coal business and represents another very
important step in the implementation of our U.S. Iron Ore pellet-centric, environmentally compliant strategy. Prior to this
sale, it was determined by management as of March 31, 2015 that our North American Coal operating segment met the
criteria to be classified as held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. For more information
regarding the sale and the held for sale classification of our North American Coal business, see NOTE 14 -
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further information.
As an extension of our re-focused U.S. Iron Ore strategy, we continue to consider further divestiture of the Asia
Pacific Iron Ore business. We believe the assets from this non-core segment have value and will only consummate a
transaction where we believe the consideration fairly and adequately represents such value. Asia Pacific Iron Ore is a
well-recognized and reliable supplier to steelmakers in Asia. As we consider selling this business, we will continue to
operate Asia Pacific Iron Ore with very low total capital expenditures for the remaining life of mine.
Maintaining Discipline on Costs and Capital Spending and Improving our Financial Flexibility
We believe our ability to execute our strategy is dependent on our financial position, balance sheet strength and
financial flexibility to manage through current demand for our products and volatility in commodity prices. We have
developed a highly disciplined financial and capital expenditure plan with a focus on improving our cost profile and
increasing long-term profitability. We resized and streamlined our organization and support functions to better fit our
new strategic direction. Our capital allocation plan is focused on strengthening our core U.S. Iron Ore operations to
promote greater free cash flow generation.
Competitive Strengths
Resilient U.S. Iron Ore Operations
Our U.S. Iron Ore segment is the core focus of our business strategy. The U.S. Iron Ore segment is the primary
contributor to our consolidated results, generating 76 percent of consolidated revenue and $352 million of consolidated
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2015. U.S. Iron Ore produces differentiated iron ore pellets that are
customized for use in customers’ blast furnaces as part of the steelmaking process. The grades of pellets currently
delivered to each customer are based on that customer’s preferences, which depend in part on the characteristics of the
customer’s blast furnace operation. We believe our long history of supplying customized pellets to the U.S. steel producers
has resulted in a co-dependent relationship between us and our customers. This technical and operational co-dependency
49
Table of Contents
has enabled Cliffs to claim a substantial portion of the total U.S. iron ore market. Based on Cliffs’ equity ownership in
its U.S. mines, Cliffs’ share of the annual rated production capacity is 25.5 million tons, representing 44 percent of total
U.S. annual pellet capacity. Long-lived assets with an average mine life of approximately 20 years provide the opportunity
to maintain our significant market position well into the future.
We believe U.S. Iron Ore is uniquely positioned in the global iron ore market due to its reduced exposure to
seaborne iron ore pricing. More than half of U.S. Iron Ore production is sold through long-term contracts that are structured
with various formula-based pricing mechanisms that reference seaborne pricing, inflation factors and steel prices and
mitigate the impact of any one factor's price volatility on our business. U.S. Iron Ore’s realized revenue rate decreased
25 percent and 23 percent for the three months and year ended December 31, 2015, respectively, compared to a 37
percent and 43 percent decline in the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price over the same periods.
In addition, we maintain lower costs compared to our competition as a result of our proximity to U.S. steelmaking
operations. Our costs are lower as a result of inherent transportation advantages associated with our mine locations
near the Great Lakes which allows for transportation via railroads and loading ports. U.S. Iron Ore mines also benefit
from on-site pellet production and ore production facilities located a short distance from the mines. These advantages
translated to cash production costs in the three months and year ended December 31, 2015 of $45 per ton and $54 per
ton, respectively, which included the cost to mine, concentrate and pelletize, certain transportation costs and site
administration costs.
Competitive Asia Pacific Iron Ore Operations
Although our annual production tonnage is substantially less than our competitors in the seaborne market, the
Asia Pacific Iron Ore business maintains a competitive position with the major Australian iron ore producers. We produce
a product mix of approximately 50 percent lump ore and 50 percent fines, which is a significantly higher lump mix than
the major producers in Australia. This lump ore commands a premium in the seaborne market over iron ore fines.
Further, our Asia Pacific Iron Ore segment is a cost competitive producer and requires minimal ongoing sustaining
capital expenditures to continue our operations. Cash production costs during the three months and year ended December
31, 2015, were $26 per ton and $31 per ton, respectively. Going forward, we will continue to operate Asia Pacific Iron
Ore with a clear bias toward cash optimization.
Recent Developments
USW Labor Agreements
Our labor agreements with the USW at our Tilden, Empire, Hibbing and United Taconite mines were scheduled
to expire at 12:01 a.m. on October 1, 2015. Prior to the expiration of these agreements, we agreed with the USW to
extend these agreements indefinitely. Either party may terminate the agreements by providing the other party with 168
hours (i.e., seven days) notice. We continue to bargain with the USW in good faith with the expectation that we will be
able to reach a mutually acceptable long-term extension of our agreements. At this time, we do not anticipate any type
of labor disruption as the USW has committed to “continue working under the current terms and conditions of employment
until a tentative agreement is reached.”
Pellet Agreement with Essar
On October 6, 2015, we announced that, effective October 5, 2015, we terminated our Pellet Agreement with
Essar. Our decision was made as a result of Essar's multiple and material breaches under the agreement. While the
agreement has been terminated, we remain open to discussing supplying the Essar steel-making operation in Sault St.
Marie or its successor with pellets on commercially reasonable terms consistent with a just-in-time iron ore supply
arrangement.
Northshore
On November 17, 2015, we announced that we would be temporarily idling iron ore pellet production at our
Northshore mining operation in Minnesota. The idling was a result of a reduction in iron pellet nominations from our
customers. Until our domestic customers' blast furnace capacity utilization rates improve, our existing customer demand
can be satisfied from our current pellet inventory. We completed the idling of the Northshore mine by the end of November.
Our Northshore mine could be restarted and return to normal operating levels if recently filed and forthcoming trade
cases were to result in increased pellet nominations from our customers. Conversely, if increased iron ore pellet demand
does not materialize during this period, the idled state of production could be for an extended period of time. Currently,
we anticipate that Northshore mine will be idled through the first quarter of 2016. The temporary idling resulted in
reductions in force at the Northshore mine.
50
Table of Contents
North American Coal Operations
On December 22, 2015, we closed the sale of our remaining North American Coal business which included
Pinnacle mine in West Virginia and Oak Grove mine in Alabama. Pinnacle mine and Oak Grove mine were sold to
Seneca Coal Resources, LLC ("Seneca") and the deal structure was a sale of equity interests of our remaining coal
business. Additionally, Seneca may pay Cliffs an earn-out of up to $50 million contingent upon the terms of a revenue
sharing plan which extends through the year 2020.
The Pinnacle Complex includes the Pinnacle and Green Ridge mines, which are underground low-volatile
metallurgical coal mines. The Pinnacle mine has been in operation since 1969. The Green Ridge mines became
operational in 2004. In February 2010, the Green Ridge No. 1 mine was closed permanently due to exhaustion of the
economic reserves at the mine. In addition, the Green Ridge No. 2 mine was idled in January 2012. Both facilities share
preparation, processing and load-out facilities.
The Oak Grove mine is an underground low-volatile metallurgical coal mine. The mine has been in operation
since 1972. Preparation, processing and rail load-out facilities are located on-site.
In 2015, the Pinnacle operations produced 2.4 million tons of metallurgical coal and the Oak Grove operations
produced 1.9 million tons of metallurgical coal. In 2014, the Pinnacle operations produced 2.7 million tons of metallurgical
coal and the Oak Grove operations produced 2.3 million tons of metallurgical coal.
We recorded a gain on the sale of Pinnacle mine and Oak Grove mine of approximately $9.3 million on a pre-
tax basis in the fourth quarter of 2015. The gain is recorded within Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax on the
Statements of Consolidated Operations.
Prior to the sale, it was determined by management as of March 31, 2015 that our North American Coal operating
segment met the criteria to be classified as held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. For
more information regarding the sale and the held for sale classification of our North American Coal business, see NOTE
14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further information.
Preferred Stock
In February 2013, we issued 731,250 shares of 7.00% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Class
A ("Series A preferred shares"). Under the terms of the Series A preferred shares, when and if declared by our Board of
Directors, holders of the Series A preferred shares are entitled to cumulative dividends at an annual rate of 7.00 percent
on the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. On January 4, 2016, we announced that, under the terms of our
Series A preferred shares, the final quarterly dividend otherwise payable upon mandatory conversion of the Series A
preferred shares on February 1, 2016, would not be paid in cash. Instead, pursuant to the terms of the Series A preferred
shares, the conversion rate was increased such that holders of the Series A preferred shares received additional Cliffs'
common shares in lieu of the accrued dividend at the time of the mandatory conversion. In accordance with applicable
law, our Board of Directors determined not to declare a dividend payable in cash. The number of our common shares
in the aggregate issued in lieu of the dividend was approximately 1.26 million. This resulted in an effective conversion
rate of .9052 common shares, rather than .8621 common shares, per depositary share, each representing one-fortieth
of a share of Series A preferred shares. Upon conversion on February 1, 2016, an aggregate of 26.5 million common
shares were issued, representing 25.2 million common shares issuable upon conversion and 1.3 million that were issued
in lieu of a final cash dividend.
Exchange Offers
On January 27, 2016, we announced the commencement of private offers to exchange (the "Exchange Offers")
up to $710 million aggregate principal amount of our newly issued 8.00 percent 1.5 Lien Senior Secured Notes due 2020
(the “New 1.5 Lien Notes”) for certain outstanding notes (the "Existing Notes") of Cliffs, upon the terms and subject to
the conditions set forth in our confidential offering memorandum dated January 27, 2016. Eligible holders were notified
that they must validly tender their Existing Notes on February 9, 2016 (the “Early Tender Date”), in order to be eligible
to receive the applicable total exchange consideration which includes an early tender premium. On February 10, 2016,
we announced that as of the Early Tender Date, a total of approximately $465.3 million principal amount of Existing
Notes had been tendered in the Exchange Offers. We also announced that the Early Tender Date has been extended
to February 26, 2016, and that the exchange consideration for the 3.95 percent Senior Notes due 2018 had been
increased. Accordingly, all Existing Notes tendered prior to the extended Early Tender Date will be eligible to receive
the total exchange consideration. The Exchange Offers will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on February 26,
2016 and tenders of Existing Notes may no longer be withdrawn after that time, except in certain limited circumstances
described in the confidential offering memorandum and related letter of transmittal.
51
Table of Contents
Business Segments
Our Company’s primary continuing operations are organized and managed according to product category and
geographic location: U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore. As of March 31, 2015, management determined that our
North American Coal operating segment met the criteria to be classified as held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation
of Financial Statements. As such, all current and historical North American Coal operating segment results are included
in our financial statements and classified within discontinued operations. Additionally, as a result of the CCAA filing of
the Bloom Lake Group on January 27, 2015 and the Wabush Group on May 20, 2015, we no longer have a controlling
interest over the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly owned subsidiaries, and we no longer have a controlling
interest over the Wabush Group. The Bloom Lake Group, Wabush Group and certain of each of their wholly owned
subsidiaries were previously reported as Eastern Canadian Iron Ore and Other reportable segments. As such, we
deconsolidated the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries as of January 27, 2015. Additionally,
as a result of the Wabush Filing on May 20, 2015, we deconsolidated certain Wabush Group wholly-owned subsidiaries
effective May 20, 2015. The wholly-owned subsidiaries deconsolidated effective May 20, 2015 are Wabush Group entities
that were not deconsolidated as part of the deconsolidation effective January 27, 2015. Financial results prior to the
respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and Wabush Groups and subsequent expenses directly associated with
the Canadian Entities are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued operations.
Results of Operations – Consolidated
2015 Compared to 2014
The following is a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015
and 2014:
(In Millions)
Revenues from product sales and services
$ 2,013.3
$ 3,373.2
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses
(1,776.8)
(2,487.5)
Sales margin
Sales margin %
$
236.5
$
885.7
11.7%
26.3%
2015
2014
Revenues from Product Sales and Services
Variance
Favorable/
(Unfavorable)
$
$
(1,359.9)
710.7
(649.2)
(14.6)%
Sales revenue for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased $1,359.9 million, or 40.3 percent, from 2014.
The decrease in sales revenue during 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily attributable to the decrease in market pricing
for our products, including a reduction of one customer's full-year hot band steel price. Together these factors negatively
impacted revenues by $804.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Changes in world market pricing impacts our revenues each year. Iron ore revenues decreased $804.4 million
in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to the decrease in the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price, which declined 42.6
percent to an average price of $56 per ton in 2015, and a decrease in one customer's full-year hot band steel price. The
decrease in our realized revenue rates during 2015 compared to 2014 was 22.7 percent and 46.4 percent for our U.S.
Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore operations, respectively. Additionally, there was a decrease in revenues period-over-
period as a result of lower iron ore sales volumes of $458.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Refer to “Results of Operations – Segment Information" for additional information regarding the specific factors
that impacted revenue during the period.
Cost of Goods Sold and Operating Expenses
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $1,776.8
million and $2,487.5 million, respectively, a decrease of $710.7 million, or 28.6 percent year-over-year.
52
Table of Contents
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased by $335.0 million
as operational efficiencies and cost cutting efforts across each of our business units has reduced costs. Also, as a result
of favorable foreign exchange rates in 2015 versus 2014, we realized lower costs of $94.6 million. Additionally, there
was a decrease in costs period-over-period as a result of lower iron ore sales volumes of $299.1 million for the year
ended December 31, 2015. These decreases in cost were partially offset by incrementally higher idle costs of $61.5
million due to the temporary idle of our United Taconite mine which began in the first week of August 2015, the temporary
idle of the Empire mine which began on June 26, 2015 and then came back on line during October 2015, and the one
idled production line at our Northshore mine during all of 2015 followed by the complete temporary idle of Northshore
mine in the end of November 2015.
Refer to “Results of Operations – Segment Information” for additional information regarding the specific factors
that impacted our operating results during the period.
Other Operating Income (Expense)
The following is a summary of other operating income (expense) for the years ended December 31, 2015 and
2014:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets
Miscellaneous - net
(In Millions)
2015
2014
Variance
Favorable/
(Unfavorable)
$
$
(110.0) $
(3.3)
28.1
(85.2) $
(154.7) $
(635.5)
34.6
(755.6) $
44.7
632.2
(6.5)
670.4
Selling, general and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased $44.7 million
over 2014. As a result of the reduction of the workforce, we reduced employment costs for the year ended December 31,
2015 by $16.7 million. There were lower severance costs of $14.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2015
versus 2014. Also, the year ended December 31, 2015 was impacted favorably by $7.8 million due to a reduction in
outside service spending and $5.6 million due to a reduction in rent and operating lease spending.
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets was $3.3 million and $635.5 million during the years ended
December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we recorded goodwill impairment
of $73.5 million related to our Asia Pacific Iron Ore reporting unit. We also recorded other long-lived asset impairment
charges of $562.0 million during 2014. The charges were related to our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operating segment, along
with impairments charged to reporting units within our Other reportable segments. The impairment charges were primarily
a result of management determining that the carrying value of the asset groups may not be recoverable primarily due to
long-term price forecasts as part of management’s long-range planning process. Updated estimates of long-term prices
for all products, specifically the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price, which particularly effects the Asia Pacific Iron Ore
business segment because their contracts correlate heavily to world market spot pricing were lower than prior estimates.
These estimates were updated based upon current market conditions, macro-economic factors influencing the balance
of supply and demand for our products and expectations for future cost and capital expenditure requirements.
Additionally, a new CEO, Lourenco Goncalves, was appointed by the Board of Directors in early August 2014
and subsequently identified as the CODM in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The new CODM views
Asia Pacific Iron Ore as a non-core asset and continues to evaluate the business unit for a change in strategy including
possible divestiture. These factors, among other considerations utilized in the individual impairment assessments,
indicate that the carrying value of the respective asset group and Asia Pacific Iron Ore goodwill may not be recoverable.
Refer to NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS for further information.
53
Table of Contents
The following is a summary of Miscellaneous - net for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
(In Millions)
2015
2014
Variance
Favorable/
(Unfavorable)
Foreign exchange remeasurement
$
16.3 $
29.0 $
(12.7)
Insurance recoveries
Management and royalty fees
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets
Other
7.6
6.4
3.4
(5.6)
28.1 $
$
—
10.8
(3.5)
(1.7)
34.6 $
7.6
(4.4)
6.9
(3.9)
(6.5)
For the year ended December 31, 2015 there was an unfavorable impact of $12.7 million due to the change in
foreign exchange re-measurement driven primarily by lower Australian bank account balances that are denominated in
U.S. dollars. Also, during 2015 there was an unfavorable impact on Miscellaneous - net due to bad debt expense of
$7.1 million that was recorded in the third quarter of 2015 related to one customer.
These unfavorable impacts were partially offset by $7.6 million of insurance recoveries related to the clean-up
of the Pointe Noire oil spill that occurred in September 2013. Additionally, net gain on disposal of assets was $3.4 million
during the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to a net loss on disposal of assets of $3.5 million in 2014. The
net gain on disposal of assets in 2015 was primarily attributable to a $5.0 million gain on the sale of assets and equity
related to our Global Exploration Group operations during the fourth quarter of 2015. Results for the Global Exploration
Group are reported within our Other reportable segments.
Other Income (Expense)
The following is a summary of other income (expense) for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Interest expense, net
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Other non-operating income (expense)
(In Millions)
2015
2014
Variance
Favorable/
(Unfavorable)
(228.5)
392.9
(2.6)
161.8 $
(176.7)
16.2
10.7
(149.8) $
$
(51.8)
376.7
(13.3)
311.6
The increase in gain on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the
comparable prior year is a result of the corporate debt restructuring and debt repurchases of senior notes trading at a
discount, as discussed in NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES.
Interest expense was unfavorably impacted by $94.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as we entered
into new credit arrangements during the first quarter of 2015. Additionally, the year ended December 31, 2015 was
unfavorably impacted by $11.9 million due to unfavorable interest rates, as discussed in NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT
FACILITIES. The unfavorable impact was offset partially by reduced interest expense of $50.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2015 due to the extinguishment of certain Senior Notes and the revolving credit agreement during the
first quarter of 2015, as discussed in NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES.
Additionally, other non-operating income during the year ended December 31, 2014 included a $7.8 million gain
on the sale of marketable securities.
54
Table of Contents
Income Taxes
Our tax rate is affected by permanent items, such as depletion and the relative amount of income we earn in
various foreign jurisdictions with tax rates that differ from the U.S. statutory rate. It also is affected by discrete items that
may occur in any given period, but are not consistent from period to period. The following represents a summary of our
tax provision and corresponding effective rates for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Income tax benefit (expense)
$
(169.3)
$
86.0
$
Effective tax rate
54.1%
436.5%
2015
(In Millions)
2014
Variance
(255.3)
(382.4)%
A reconciliation of our income tax attributable to continuing operations computed at the U.S. federal statutory
rate for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
(In Millions)
2015
2014
Tax at U.S. statutory rate of 35 percent
$ 109.6
35.0% $
(6.9)
35.0%
Increases/(Decreases) due to:
Non-taxable loss (income) related to noncontrolling interests
(3.0)
(1.0)
Impact of tax law change
Percentage depletion in excess of cost depletion
Impact of foreign operations
Income not subject to tax
Goodwill impairment
State taxes, net
Settlement of financial guaranty
—
(34.9)
(53.9)
—
(11.1)
(17.2)
—
—
0.2
—
—
—
0.1
—
Valuation allowance reversal in current year
(104.6)
(33.4)
Valuation allowance on future tax benefits recorded in prior years
Tax uncertainties
Prior year adjustments made in current year
Other items - net
165.8
84.1
5.9
0.1
52.9
26.9
1.9
—
(9.4)
13.0
(87.9)
51.4
(27.7)
22.7
(25.4)
47.7
(66.0)
446.2
(260.9)
140.6
(115.2)
128.9
(347.1)
1,761.9
318.3
15.2
—
(6.3)
4.1
(1,615.7)
(77.2)
—
32.1
(20.9)
Provision for income tax benefit and effective income tax rate
including discrete items
$ 169.3
54.1% $
(86.0)
436.5%
Our tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of $169.3 million and a 54.1 percent
effective tax rate compared with a benefit of $86.0 million and an effective tax rate of 436.5 percent for the prior-year.
The change in the income tax expense from the prior-year benefit is due primarily to placement of valuation allowances
on previously recorded U.S. future tax benefits that management has determined are not recoverable. The impact of
foreign operations relates to income in foreign jurisdictions where the statutory rates, ranging from zero percent to 30
percent, differ from the U.S. statutory rate of 35 percent. Other items include depletion as well as the reversal of valuation
allowance related to current year realization of tax benefits.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, income not subject to tax includes the tax benefit of non-taxable interest
income related to an intercompany note between the U.S. and Canada. This note was restructured on April 27, 2014
and no longer results in an income tax benefit after this date.
See NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES for further information.
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax was comprised primarily of the loss on discontinued operations
related to our North American Coal operating segment and our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operations.
55
Table of Contents
As of March 31, 2015, management determined that our North American Coal operating segment met the criteria
to be classified as held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. As such, all current year and
historical North American Coal operating segment results are included in our financial statements and classified within
discontinued operations. The Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax related to the North American Coal operating
segment was $152.4 million and $1,134.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
In January 2015, we announced that the Bloom Lake Group commenced restructuring proceedings in Montreal,
Quebec under the CCAA. At that time, we had suspended Bloom Lake operations and for several months had been
exploring options to sell certain of our Canadian assets, among other initiatives. Effective January 27, 2015, following
the CCAA filing of the Bloom Lake Group, we deconsolidated the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly-owned
subsidiaries comprising substantially all of our Canadian operations. Additionally, on May 20, 2015, the Wabush Group
commenced restructuring proceedings in Montreal, Quebec under the CCAA which resulted in the deconsolidation of
the remaining Wabush Group entities that were not previously deconsolidated. The Wabush Group was no longer
generating revenues and was not able to meet its obligations as they came due. As a result of this action, the CCAA
protections granted to the Bloom Lake Group were extended to include the Wabush Group to facilitate the reorganization
of each of their businesses and operations. Financial results prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake
and Wabush Groups and subsequent expenses directly associated with the Canadian Entities are included in our financial
statements and classified within discontinued operations. The Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax related to
the deconsolidated Canadian Entities was $739.7 million and $7,233.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015
and 2014, respectively.
Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further information.
Noncontrolling Interest
Noncontrolling interest is comprised primarily of our consolidated, but less-than-wholly owned subsidiary at our
Empire mining venture and through the CCAA filing on January 27, 2015, the Bloom Lake operations. The net loss
attributable to the noncontrolling interest related to Bloom Lake was $7.7 million and $1,113.3 million for the years ended
December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest related to the
Empire mining venture was $8.6 million and $26.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Results of Operations – Consolidated
2014 Compared to 2013
The following is a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014
and 2013:
Revenues from product sales and services
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses
Sales margin
Sales margin %
Revenues from Product Sales and Services
(In Millions)
$
$
2014
3,373.2
(2,487.5)
885.7
26.3%
$
$
2013
3,890.8
(2,406.4)
1,484.4
38.2%
$
$
Variance
Favorable/
(Unfavorable)
(517.6)
(81.1)
(598.7)
(11.9)%
Sales revenue for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased $517.6 million, or 13.3 percent, from 2013.
The decrease in sales revenue during 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily attributable to the decrease in market pricing
for our products, which impacted revenues by $648.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Changes in world
market pricing impacts our revenues each year. During 2014, iron ore revenues were impacted primarily by the decrease
in the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price, which declined 28.5 percent to an average price of $97 per ton, resulting in
decreased revenues of $648.4 million. The decrease in our realized revenue rates during 2014 compared to 2013 was
9.5 percent and 32.8 percent for our U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore, respectively. This decrease was partially
offset by an increase in revenues period-over-period as a result of higher iron ore sales volumes of 1.0 million tons or
$115.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.
56
Table of Contents
Refer to “Results of Operations – Segment Information” for additional information regarding the specific factors
that impacted revenue during the period.
Cost of Goods Sold and Operating Expenses
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were $2,487.5
million and $2,406.4 million, respectively, an increase of $81.1 million, or 3.4 percent, year-over-year.
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased period-over-period
primarily as a result of higher iron ore sales volumes of $71.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Additionally,
we incurred higher costs at our U.S. Iron Ore operations of $34.4 million primarily due to increased repairs and maintenance
along with higher costs related to increased energy rates in early 2014. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease
in idle costs period-over-period of $48.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Refer to “Results of Operations – Segment Information” for additional information regarding the specific factors
that impacted our operating results during the period.
Other Operating Income (Expense)
Following is a summary of other operating income (expense) for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets
Miscellaneous - net
(In Millions)
2014
2013
$
$
(154.7) $
(163.8) $
(635.5)
34.6
(14.3)
74.0
(755.6) $
(104.1) $
Variance
Favorable/
(Unfavorable)
9.1
(621.2)
(39.4)
(651.5)
Selling, general and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased $9.1 million
over 2013. The year ended December 31, 2014 was impacted favorably by $22.2 million for employment costs related
to cost savings actions and reduced year-over-year expense of $10.5 million related to pension and other postemployment
benefits. Offsetting these cost reductions was an increase in costs related to the proxy contest and the change in control
of the majority of our Board of Directors. We incurred substantial costs associated with various advisors, including
bankers, attorneys and others. Costs associated with these events were approximately $26.2 million for the year ended
December 31, 2014.
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets were $635.5 million and $14.3 million during the years ended
December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we recorded goodwill impairment
of $73.5 million related to our Asia Pacific Iron Ore reporting unit. We also recorded other long-lived asset impairment
charges of $562.0 million during 2014. The charges are related to our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operating segment, along
with impairments charged to reporting units within our Other reportable segments. The impairment charges were primarily
a result of management determining that the carrying value of the asset groups may not be recoverable primarily due to
long-term price forecasts as part of management’s long-range planning process. Updated estimates of long-term prices
for all products, specifically the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price, which particularly effects the Asia Pacific Iron Ore
business segment because their contracts correlate heavily to world market spot pricing were lower than prior estimates.
These estimates were updated based upon current market conditions, macro-economic factors influencing the balance
of supply and demand for our products and expectations for future cost and capital expenditure requirements. Additionally,
a new CEO, Lourenco Goncalves, was appointed by the Board of Directors in early August 2014 and subsequently
identified as the CODM in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The CODM views Asia Pacific Iron Ore as a
non-core asset and continues to evaluate the business unit for a change in strategy including possible divestiture. These
factors, among other considerations utilized in the individual impairment assessments, indicate that the carrying value
of the respective asset groups and Asia Pacific Iron Ore goodwill may not be recoverable. Refer to NOTE 6 - FAIR
VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS for further information.
57
Table of Contents
The following is a summary of Miscellaneous - net for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:
(In Millions)
2014
2013
Variance
Favorable/
(Unfavorable)
Foreign exchange remeasurement
$
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets
Exploration costs
Management and royalty fees
Other
29.0 $
(3.5)
(3.0)
10.8
1.3
53.2 $
19.4
(14.3)
12.0
3.7
$
34.6 $
74.0 $
(24.2)
(22.9)
11.3
(1.2)
(2.4)
(39.4)
For the year ended December 31, 2014, there was an unfavorable incremental impact of $24.2 million due to
the change in foreign exchange re-measurement on short-term intercompany notes, Australian bank accounts that are
denominated in U.S. dollars and certain monetary financial assets and liabilities, which are denominated in something
other than the functional currency of the entity.
Net loss on disposal of assets was $3.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to a net
gain on disposal of assets of $19.4 million in 2013. The net gain on disposal of assets in 2013 was primarily attributable
to our final settlement of the sale of our beneficial interest in the mining tenements and certain infrastructure of Cockatoo
Island during the second quarter of 2013. Upon final settlement of the sale, we extinguished approximately $18.6 million
related to the estimated cost of the rehabilitation. Our 50 percent equity interest in Cockatoo Island was included in our
Asia Pacific operations prior to the sale.
Exploration costs decreased by $11.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2014 from 2013, primarily
due to decreases in costs at our Global Exploration Group operations. The Global Exploration Group is reported within
our Other reportable segments. Our Global Exploration Group had cost decreases of $8.0 million in 2014 over 2013,
due to lower overhead and professional services spend. In alignment with our capital allocation strategy, we had minimal
levels of exploration spending in 2014 and that has continued into the subsequent years.
Other Income (Expense)
Following is a summary of other income (expense) for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:
Interest expense, net
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Other non-operating income (expense)
(In Millions)
2014
2013
(176.7)
(186.4)
16.2
10.7
—
(3.0)
$
(149.8) $
(189.4) $
Variance
Favorable/
(Unfavorable)
9.7
16.2
13.7
39.6
The decrease in interest expense in 2014 compared to 2013 was attributable to reduced interest expense of
$7.1 million related to unamortized debt issuance costs being expensed upon our repayment of the balance of the term
loan in February 2013 and $7.9 million related to a decrease in borrowings on the revolving credit facility. This decrease
was offset partially by additional interest expense related to the change in borrowing capacity of our revolving credit
facility which resulted in $3.7 million of unamortized debt issuance costs being expensed as of the effective date of the
amendment and increased interest rates on the 3.95 senior notes which resulted in $4.6 million of additional interest
expense. Refer to NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES for further information.
The $16.2 million gain on extinguishment of debt is related to our repurchase of debt in the fourth quarter of
2014. Refer to NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES for further information.
58
Table of Contents
Additionally, other non-operating income increased by $13.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2014
in comparison to 2013. Other non-operating income was impacted positively in 2014 by $7.8 million related to the sale
of marketable securities as a decision was made to liquidate the asset in 2014.
Income Taxes
Our tax rate is affected by permanent items, such as depletion and the relative amount of income we earn in
various foreign jurisdictions with tax rates that differ from the U.S. statutory rate. It also is affected by discrete items that
may occur in any given period, but are not consistent from period to period. The following represents a summary of our
tax provision and corresponding effective rates for the December 31, 2014 and 2013:
Income tax benefit (expense)
$
86.0
$
(237.6)
$
323.6
Effective tax rate
436.5%
20.0%
416.5%
2014
(In Millions)
2013
Variance
A reconciliation of our income tax attributable to continuing operations computed at the U.S. federal statutory
rate for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:
Tax at U.S. statutory rate of 35 percent
$
(6.9)
35.0% $
416.8
35.0%
(In Millions)
2014
2013
Increases/(Decreases) due to:
Non-taxable loss (income) related to noncontrolling interests
Impact of tax law change
Percentage depletion in excess of cost depletion
Impact of foreign operations
Income not subject to tax
Goodwill impairment
State taxes, net
Settlement of financial guaranty
Manufacturer's deduction
Valuation allowance - current year
Valuation allowance on tax benefits recorded in prior years
Tax uncertainties
Prior year adjustments made in current year
Other items - net
(9.4)
13.0
(87.9)
51.4
(27.7)
22.7
(25.4)
47.7
(66.0)
446.2
(260.9)
140.6
(115.2)
128.9
(347.1)
1,761.9
—
—
318.3
(1,615.7)
15.2
—
(6.3)
4.1
(77.2)
—
32.1
(20.9)
(5.4)
—
(97.6)
(48.7)
(84.7)
—
5.6
—
(9.3)
53.2
—
12.5
4.9
(0.5)
—
(8.2)
(4.1)
(7.1)
—
0.5
—
(0.8)
4.5
—
1.1
0.4
(9.7)
(0.8)
Provision for income tax benefit and effective income tax rate
including discrete items
$
(86.0)
436.5% $
237.6
20.0%
Our tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2014 was a benefit of $86.0 million and a 436.5 percent
effective tax rate compared with an expense of $237.6 million and an effective tax rate of 20.0 percent for the prior-year.
The change in the income tax benefit from the prior-year expense is due primarily to the impairment of global long-lived
assets offset by valuation allowances on future tax benefits that management has determined are not recoverable and
the settlement of a financial guaranty. The impact of foreign operations relates to losses in foreign jurisdictions where
the statutory rates, ranging from zero percent to 30 percent, differ from the U.S. statutory rate of 35 percent. Other items
include non-deductible goodwill impairment as well as a decrease in the tax benefit from interest income not subject to
tax.
59
Table of Contents
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, income not subject to tax includes the tax benefit of non-
taxable interest income related to an intercompany note between the U.S. and Canada. This note was restructured on
April 27, 2014 and no longer results in an income tax benefit after this date.
See NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES for further information.
Equity Loss from Ventures
Equity loss from ventures for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $9.9 million compares to equity loss from
ventures for the year ended December 31, 2013 of $74.4 million. The equity loss from ventures for the year ended
December 31, 2014 primarily is comprised of the impairment charge of $9.2 million related to a Global Exploration Group
investment. The equity loss from ventures for the year ended December 31, 2013 primarily is comprised of the impairment
charge of $67.6 million related to our 30 percent ownership interest in Amapá, the sale of which was approved by the
Board of Directors in December 2012. The sale closed in the fourth quarter of 2013.
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax was comprised primarily of the loss on discontinued operations
related to our North American Coal operating segment and our Eastern Canadian Iron Ore operations. The Loss from
Discontinued Operations, net of tax related to the North American Coal operating segment was $1,134.5 million and $9.3
million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of
tax related to the deconsolidated Canadian Entities was $7,233.5 million and $509.8 million for the years ended December
31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further information.
Noncontrolling Interest
Noncontrolling interest primarily is comprised of our consolidated, but less-than-wholly owned subsidiary at our
Empire mining venture and through the CCAA filing on January 27, 2015, the Bloom Lake operations. The net loss
attributable to the noncontrolling interest related to Bloom Lake was $1,113.3 million for the year ended December 31,
2014 compared to net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest of $66.5 million for the year ended December 31,
2013. The net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest of the Empire mining venture was $26.9 and $20.7 million
for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Results of Operations – Segment Information
We have historically evaluated segment performance based on sales margin, defined as revenues less cost of
goods sold, and operating expenses identifiable to each segment. Additionally, beginning in the third quarter of 2014,
concurrent with the change in control on July 29, 2014, management began to evaluate segment performance based
on EBITDA, defined as net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization, and
Adjusted EBITDA, defined as EBITDA excluding certain items such as impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets,
impacts of discontinued operations, extinguishment of debt, severance and contractor termination costs and other costs
associated with the change in control, foreign currency remeasurement, certain supplies inventory write-offs, and
intersegment corporate allocations of selling, general and administrative costs. Management uses and believes that
investors benefit from referring to these measures in evaluating operating and financial results, as well as in planning,
forecasting and analyzing future periods as these financial measures approximate the cash flows associated with the
operational earnings.
60
Table of Contents
2015 Compared to 2014
Net Loss
Less:
Interest expense, net
Income tax benefit (expense)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
EBITDA
Less:
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets
Impact of discontinued operations
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Severance and contractor termination costs
Foreign exchange remeasurement
Proxy contest and change in control costs in SG&A
Supplies inventory write-off
Total Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other (including discontinued operations)
Total EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other
Total Adjusted EBITDA
(In Millions)
2015
2014
(748.4) $
(8,311.6)
(231.4)
(163.3)
(134.0)
(219.7) $
(3.3) $
(892.0)
392.9
(10.2)
16.3
—
(16.3)
292.9 $
317.6 $
35.3
(572.6)
(219.7) $
352.1 $
32.7
(91.9)
292.9 $
(185.2)
1,302.0
(504.0)
(8,924.4)
(635.5)
(9,332.5)
16.2
(23.3)
29.0
(26.6)
—
1,048.3
805.6
(352.9)
(9,377.1)
(8,924.4)
833.5
252.9
(38.1)
1,048.3
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $8.7 billion on a consolidated basis from 2014.
The period-over-period change was driven primarily by the items detailed above in the EBITDA calculation. Adjusted
EBITDA decreased by 755.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from the comparable period in 2014. The
decrease was primarily attributable to the lower consolidated sales margin. See further detail below for additional
information regarding the specific factors that impacted each reportable segments' sales margin during 2015.
61
Table of Contents
U.S. Iron Ore
The following is a summary of U.S. Iron Ore results for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
(In Millions)
Changes due to:
Year Ended
December 31,
2015
2014
Revenue
and cost
rate
Sales
volume
Idle cost/
production
volume
variance
Freight and
reimburse-
ment
Total
change
Revenues from product sales
and services
Cost of goods sold and
operating expenses
$ 1,525.4
$
2,506.5
$
(401.9) $ (465.4)
$
— $
(113.8) $
(981.1)
(1,298.3)
(1,796.1)
140.2
305.3
(61.5)
113.8
497.8
Sales margin
$
227.1
$
710.4
$
(261.7) $ (160.1)
$
(61.5) $
— $
(483.3)
Per Ton Information
Realized product revenue rate1
Cash production cost
Non-production cash cost
Cost of goods sold and
operating expense rate1
(excluding DDA)
Depreciation, depletion &
amortization
Total cost of goods sold and
operating expense rate
Year Ended
December 31,
2015
2014
Difference
Percent
change
$
79.12
$
102.36
$
(23.24)
(22.7)%
54.35
5.92
63.83
1.08
(9.48)
4.84
(14.9)%
448.1 %
60.27
64.91
(4.64)
(7.1)%
5.72
4.92
0.80
16.3 %
65.99
69.83
(3.84)
(5.5)%
(59.6)%
Sales margin
$
13.13
$
32.53
$
(19.40)
Sales tons2 (In thousands)
Production tons2 (In thousands)
Total
Cliffs’ share of total
17,292
21,840
26,138
19,317
29,733
22,431
1 Excludes revenues and expenses related to domestic freight, which are offsetting and have no impact on sales margin.
Revenues also exclude venture partner cost reimbursements.
2 Tons are long tons (2,240 pounds).
Sales margin for U.S. Iron Ore was $227.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with the
sales margin of $710.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The decline compared to the prior year is
attributable to a decrease in revenue of $981.1 million partially offset by a decrease in cost of goods sold and operating
expenses of $497.8 million. Sales margin per ton decreased 59.6 percent to $13.13 during the year ended December 31,
2015 compared to 2014.
Revenue decreased by $867.3 million, excluding the decrease of $113.8 million of freight and reimbursements,
from the prior year, predominantly due to:
• The average year-to-date realized product revenue rate declined by $23.24 per ton or 22.7 percent to
$79.12 per ton in 2015, which resulted in a decrease of $401.9 million. This decline is a result of:
Changes in customer pricing negatively affected the realized revenue rate by $9 per ton driven
primarily by the reduction in Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price as well as other indices referenced
in customer contracts;
Realized revenue rates impacted negatively by $7 per ton primarily as a result of one major customer
contract with a pricing mechanism affected by a reduction in their full-year hot band steel pricing;
and
62
Table of Contents
Realized revenue rates impacted negatively by $5 per ton related to one major customer contract
with a reduced average selling price due to a change in the pricing mechanism as prescribed in the
contract which shifted the contract from a fixed rate to a rate impacted by the Platts 62 percent Fe
fines spot price, as well as other market rates plus the impact and timing of carryover tons.
•
Lower sales volumes of 4,548 thousand tons or $465.4 million due to:
A lower nomination in 2015 from one customer due to reduced 2015 demand, reduced demand from
a customer due to the idling of its blast furnace beginning in March 2015 and the expiration of a
contract with one customer at the end of 2014; and
Lower sales to one customer in 2015 due to the termination of a contract in the fourth quarter of the
current year.
These decreases were partially offset by higher sales to one customer throughout 2015 due to a
spot contract with the customer that began in the fourth quarter of 2014.
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses in 2015 decreased $384.0 million, excluding the decrease of $113.8
million of freight and reimbursements from the prior year, predominantly as a result of:
•
Lower costs in 2015 in comparison to the prior year primarily driven by the reduction in salaried workforce
headcount, along with reduced maintenance and repair costs based on cost reduction initiatives and
condition-based monitoring, reduced stripping costs at Tilden and Hibbing based on new mine plans,
and the year-over-year reduction in energy rates; and
• Decreased sales volumes, as discussed above, that decreased costs by $305.3 million compared to the
prior year.
• Partially offset by increased idle costs of $61.5 million due to the idle of United Taconite mine which
began in the first week of August 2015, the idle of the Empire mine which began on June 26 2015 and
ended in mid-October 2015, and one idled production line at our Northshore mine during all of 2015,
until the complete idle of Northshore mine in the end of November 2015.
Production
Cliffs' share of production tons in its U.S. Iron Ore segment decreased by 13.9 percent in 2015 when compared
to 2014. Empire mine had a decrease in production of 1,045 thousand tons related to the idling of Empire that began
on June 26, 2015 and ended during mid-October of 2015. United Taconite mine had a decrease in production of 1,866
thousand tons during 2015 compared to 2014, primarily due to the idling of United Taconite mine that began the first
week of August 2015. There was a decrease in production of 965 thousand tons at the Northshore mine during 2015,
as we ran a three furnace operation throughout 2015 until the complete idle of Northshore mine in the end of November
2015. This is compared to 2014 when we ran a two furnace operation at Northshore for the majority of the first quarter
and then started up one idled furnace in February and the other in March.
63
Table of Contents
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
The following is a summary of Asia Pacific Iron Ore results for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
(In Millions)
Change due to:
Year Ended
December 31,
2015
2014
Revenue
and cost
rate
Sales
volume
Exchange
rate
Freight and
reimburse-
ment
Total
change
$
487.9
$
866.7
$
(402.5) $
7.3
Revenues from product sales and
services
Cost of goods sold and operating
expenses
(478.5)
(745.0)
194.8
Sales margin
$
9.4
$
121.7
$
(207.7) $
Year Ended
December 31,
Per Ton Information
Realized product revenue rate1
Cash production cost
Non-production cash cost
2015
2014
Difference
$
39.93
$
74.56
$
(34.63)
30.82
6.13
49.29
2.07
(18.47)
4.06
(6.2)
1.1
Percent
change
(46.4)%
(37.5)%
196.1 %
$
$
(0.3) $
16.7
$
(378.8)
94.6
94.3
(16.7)
266.5
$
— $
(112.3)
Cost of goods sold and operating
expense rate1 (excluding DDA)
Depreciation, depletion &
amortization
Total cost of goods sold and
operating expense rate
36.95
51.36
(14.41)
(28.1)%
2.18
12.65
(10.47)
(82.8)%
Sales margin
$
0.80
$
10.55
$
(9.75)
39.13
64.01
(24.88)
(38.9)%
(92.4)%
Sales tons2 (In thousands)
Production tons2 (In thousands)
1 We began selling a portion of our product on a CFR basis in 2014. As such, the information above excludes revenues and
expenses related to freight, which are offsetting and have no impact on sales margin.
2 Metric tons (2,205 pounds).
11,352
11,531
11,722
11,627
Sales margin for our Asia Pacific Iron Ore segment decreased to $9.4 million during the year ended December 31,
2015 compared with $121.7 million for the same period in 2014. Sales margin per ton decreased 92.4 percent to $0.80
per ton in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily as a result of decreased pricing as discussed below.
Revenue decreased by $395.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 over the prior year, excluding
the increase of $16.7 million of freight and reimbursements, primarily as a result of:
• An overall decrease to the average realized revenue rate, which resulted in a decrease of $402.5 million,
primarily as a result of a decrease in the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price to an average of $56 per
ton from $97 per ton in the prior year.
• This decrease is partially offset by the higher sales volume of 11.6 million tons during the year ended
December 31, 2015 compared with 11.5 million tons resulting in an increase in revenue of $7.3 million.
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses in the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased $283.2 million,
excluding the increase of $16.7 million of freight and reimbursements, compared to 2014 primarily as a result of:
• A reduction in depreciation, amortization and depletion expense of $120.6 million primarily due to the
long-lived asset impairments taken during the second half of 2014 and reduced mining costs of $79.4
million mainly due to decreased mining and hauling volumes and increases in productivity related to
maintenance, hauling and train loading, and lower headcount; and
• Favorable foreign exchange rate variances of $94.6 million or $8 per metric ton.
64
Table of Contents
• These decreases were offset partially by higher sales volumes, as discussed above, that resulted in
increased costs of $6.2 million compared to the prior year.
Production
Production at our Asia Pacific Iron Ore segment during the year ended December 31, 2015 remained consistent
when compared to 2014 with a slight increase of 370 thousand production tons or 3.3 percent. The increase in production
tons compared to the prior year is mainly attributable to increased rail capacity.
2014 Compared to 2013
Net Income (Loss)
Less:
Interest expense, net
Income tax benefit (expense)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
EBITDA
Less:
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets
Impact of discontinued operations
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Severance and contractor termination costs
Foreign exchange remeasurement
Proxy contest and change in control costs in SG&A
Total Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other (including discontinued operations)
Total EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other
Total Adjusted EBITDA
(In Millions)
2014
2013
$
(8,311.6) $
361.8
(185.2)
1,302.0
(504.0)
(8,924.4) $
(635.5) $
(9,332.5)
16.2
(23.3)
29.0
(26.6)
(179.1)
(55.1)
(593.3)
1,189.3
(14.3)
(398.4)
—
(16.6)
53.2
—
1,048.3 $
1,565.4
805.6 $
(352.9)
(9,377.1)
(8,924.4) $
1,000.1
543.0
(353.8)
1,189.3
833.5 $
1,031.8
252.9
(38.1)
513.1
20.5
1,048.3 $
1,565.4
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased by $10.1 billion on a consolidated basis from 2013.
The period-over-period change was driven primarily by the items detailed above in the EBITDA calculation. Adjusted
EBITDA decreased by $517.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from the comparable period in 2013. The
decrease was primarily attributable to the lower consolidated sales margin. See further detail below for additional
information regarding the specific factors that impacted each reportable segment's sales margin during 2014.
65
Table of Contents
U.S. Iron Ore
Following is a summary of U.S. Iron Ore results for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:
(In Millions)
Change due to
Year Ended
December 31,
2014
2013
Revenue
and cost
rate
Sales
volume
Idle cost/
Production
volume
variance
Freight and
reimburse-
ment
Total
change
Revenues from product sales
and services
Cost of goods sold and
operating expenses
$ 2,506.5
$
2,667.9
$
(233.6) $ 60.8
(1,796.1)
(1,766.0)
(34.4)
(33.2)
Sales margin
$
710.4
$
901.9
$
(268.0) $ 27.6
$
$
— $
11.4
$ (161.4)
48.9
48.9
$
(11.4)
(30.1)
— $ (191.5)
Year Ended
December 31,
Per Ton Information
2014
2013
Difference
Realized product revenue rate1
Cash production cost
Non-production cash cost
Cost of goods sold and
operating expenses rate1
(excluding DDA)
Depreciation, depletion &
amortization
$
102.36
$
113.08
$
(10.72)
63.83
1.08
61.95
3.13
1.88
(2.05)
(65.5)%
Percent
change
(9.5)%
3.0 %
64.91
65.08
(0.17)
(0.3)%
4.92
5.65
(0.73)
(12.9)%
Total cost of goods sold and
operating expenses rate
69.83
70.73
Sales margin
$
32.53
$
42.35
$
(0.90)
(9.82)
(1.3)%
(23.2)%
Sales tons 2 (In thousands)
Production tons 2 (In thousands)
Total
Cliffs’ share of total
21,840
21,299
29,733
22,431
27,234
20,271
1 Excludes revenues and expenses related to domestic freight, which are offsetting and have no impact on sales margin.
Revenues also exclude venture partner cost reimbursements.
2 Tons are long tons (2,240 pounds).
Sales margin for U.S. Iron Ore was $710.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared with the
sales margin of $901.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The decline compared to the prior year is
attributable to a decrease in revenue of $161.4 million as well as an increase in cost of goods sold and operating
expenses of $30.1 million. Sales margin per ton decreased 23.2 percent to $32.53 during the year ended December 31,
2014 compared to 2013.
Revenue decreased by $172.8 million, excluding the increase of $11.4 million of freight and reimbursements,
from the prior year, predominantly due to:
• The average year-to-date realized product revenue rate declined by $10.72 per ton or 9.5 percent to
$102.36 per ton in 2014, which resulted in a decrease of $233.6 million. This decline is a result of:
Changes in customer pricing negatively affected the realized revenue rate by $6 per ton driven
primarily by the period-over-period reduction in Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price and by
new base pricing from an additional contract; and
66
Table of Contents
Realized revenue rates impacted negatively by $5 per ton related to one major customer
contract with a reduced average selling price due to a contractual change in the 2014 pricing
mechanism.
• Primarily offset by higher sales volumes of 541 thousand tons or $60.8 million due to:
Higher Great Lakes sales due to increased contracted tons in 2014 from two customers due
to separate contract extensions/amendments, higher demand from a customer due to the Great
Lakes freeze preventing the customer from reaching its self-produced ore, along with increased
nominations in 2014 for two major customer contracts.
Partially offset by decreased export sales due to increased 2014 Great Lakes nominations and
low market pricing providing a disincentive for spot shipment opportunities along with reduced
spot sales that occurred with one customer in the prior-year not recurring for as much tonnage
in 2014.
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses in 2014 increased $18.7 million, excluding the increase of $11.4
million of freight and reimbursements from the prior year, predominantly as a result of:
• Higher costs related to increased mobile equipment repairs and increased maintenance and repair
costs primarily driven by increased kiln repairs at Empire in 2014 due to the 2016 life-of-mine extension,
mill repair at the Hibbing mine, along with higher costs related to increased energy rates in the first
quarter of 2014; and
•
Increased sales volumes, as discussed above, that increased costs by $33.2 million compared to the
prior year.
• Partially offset by lower idle costs of $48.9 million due to restarting the two production lines at our
Northshore mine during the first quarter of 2014 that were previously idled in January 2013 and the
non-recurrence of the 2013 summer shutdown of the Empire mine in 2014.
Production
Cliffs' share of production tons in its U.S. Iron Ore segment increased by 10.7 percent in 2014 when compared
to 2013. There was increased production at our Empire mine of 1.3 million tons in 2014 as a result of the non-recurrence
of the summer shutdown that occurred in 2013, beginning early in the second quarter and ending in the third quarter.
Additionally, there was an increase in production of 1.4 million tons at the Northshore mine during 2014, as we restarted
the two idled furnaces in the first quarter of 2014. We had previously idled two of the four furnaces at the Northshore
mine in January 2013. These increases were partially offset by decreased production of 260 thousand tons at our United
Taconite mine due to extreme weather and unplanned maintenance outages.
67
Table of Contents
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Following is a summary of Asia Pacific Iron Ore results for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:
Year Ended
December 31,
2014
2013
(In Millions)
Change due to
Revenue
and cost
rate
Sales
Volume
Exchange
Rate
Freight and
reimburse-
ment
Total
change
Revenues from product sales and
services
Cost of goods sold and operating
expenses
$ 866.7
$ 1,224.3
$
(414.8) $
54.8
(745.0)
(857.2)
102.7
(37.9)
Sales margin
$ 121.7
$ 367.1
$
(312.1) $
16.9
$
$
(4.5) $
6.9
$
(357.6)
54.3
49.8 $
(6.9)
112.2
— $
(245.4)
Year Ended
December 31,
Per Ton Information
2014
2013
Difference
Realized product revenue rate
$ 74.56
$ 110.87
$
(36.31)
Cash production cost
Non-production cash cost
49.29
2.07
56.77
6.94
(7.48)
(4.87)
Percent
change
(32.8)%
(13.2)%
(70.2)%
Cost of goods sold and operating
expenses rate (excluding DDA)
Depreciation, depletion &
amortization
Total cost of goods sold and
operating expenses rate
Sales margin
51.36
63.71
(12.35)
(19.4)%
12.65
13.92
(1.27)
(9.1)%
64.01
77.63
$ 10.55
$ 33.24
$
(13.62)
(22.69)
(17.5)%
(68.3)%
Sales tons 1 (In thousands)
Production tons 1 (In thousands)
1 We began selling a portion of our product on a CFR basis in 2014. As such, the information above excludes revenues and
expenses related to freight, which are offsetting and have no impact on sales margin.
2 Metric tons (2,205 pounds).
11,109
11,043
11,352
11,531
Sales margin for our Asia Pacific Iron Ore segment decreased to $121.7 million during the year ended
December 31, 2014 compared with $367.1 million for the same period in 2013. Sales margin per metric ton decreased
68.3 percent to $10.55 per metric ton in 2014 compared to 2013.
Revenue decreased by $364.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2014 over the prior year, excluding
the increase of $6.9 million of freight and reimbursements, primarily as a result of:
• An overall decrease to the average realized revenue rate, which resulted in a decrease of $414.8 million,
primarily as a result of a decrease in the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price to an average of $97 per
ton from $135 per ton in the prior year,
• Partially offset by the higher sales volume of 11.5 million tons during the year ended December 31, 2014
compared with 11.0 million tons during the prior year due to strong rail deliveries and increased production,
resulting in an increase in revenue of $54.8 million.
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses in the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased $119.1 million,
excluding the increase of $6.9 million of freight and reimbursements, compared to 2013 primarily as a result of:
• Reduced mining costs of $81.2 million mainly due to lower mining contractor costs primarily resulting
from a focus on efficiencies across the operation, lower sales royalties of $23.9 million primarily
attributable to the decline in the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price, and lower logistics costs of $12.0
million primarily attributable to the finalization of the port dispute. These cost savings are partially offset
by an increase in site administration expenses of $9.6 million due to realignment of head count to the
sites and severance payments of $1.6 million; and
68
Table of Contents
• Favorable foreign exchange rate variances of $54.3 million or $5 per metric ton.
• These decreases were offset partially by higher sales volumes, as discussed above, that resulted in
increased costs of $37.9 million compared to the prior year.
Production
Production at our Asia Pacific Iron Ore segment increased 243 thousand metric tons or 2.2 percent during the
year ended December 31, 2014 when compared to 2013. The increase in production tons compared to the prior year
is mainly attributable to increased rail capacity as there were less train delays and better loading procedures implemented
to get more tons into each wagon.
Liquidity, Cash Flows and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from our operating and financing activities. Our capital
allocation process is focused on prioritizing all potential uses of future cash flows. We are focused on the preservation
of liquidity in our business through the maximization of cash generation of our operations as well as reducing operating
costs, limiting capital investments to regulatory and permission to operate related projects and lowering selling, general
and administrative expenses. We also may seek to reduce our debt, including, without limitation, through repurchases
or exchanges of our debt securities. We believe these efforts, which have been underway for several quarters and will
continue for the foreseeable future, are critical in light of the challenging market conditions arising from the reduced
demand for our products and volatility in global commodity prices we experienced during 2015.
Based on our outlook for 2016, which is subject to continued changing demand from steelmakers that utilize our
products and volatility in iron ore and domestic steel prices, we expect our anticipated capital expenditures and cash
requirements to service our debt obligations during the next 12 months to exceed our estimated operating cash flows.
Despite this, we maintain sufficient liquidity through the cash on our balance sheet and the availability provided by our
ABL Facility to fund our normal business operations, including the servicing of our debt obligations, and we expect to be
able to fund these requirements for the next 12 months.
If we see reduced demand from our customers and/or iron ore or steel prices were to deteriorate further during
2016 we would face further pressure on our available liquidity. If this was the case, we would need to consider the sale
of assets, further expense reductions and the possibility of refinancing our existing debt. There is a possibility that these
further actions would not be sufficient to maintain adequate levels of available liquidity particularly if industry conditions
deteriorated severely.
Refer to “Outlook” for additional guidance regarding expected future results, including projections on pricing,
sales volume and production for our various businesses.
The following discussion summarizes the significant activities impacting our cash flows during 2015 as well as
those expected to impact our future cash flows over the next 12 months. Refer to the Statements of Consolidated Cash
Flows for additional information.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased to $37.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015,
compared to cash provided by operating activities of $358.9 million for 2014. The decrease in operating cash flows in
2015 was primarily due to lower operating results as previously discussed, which was partially offset by an income tax
refund of $211.4 million, mainly related to the U.S. Positively affecting our operating cash flows in 2015 and continuing
into 2016 are the decreased costs associated with the temporary idles of United Taconite mine and Northshore mine.
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased to $358.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014,
compared to Net cash provided by operating activities of $1,145.9 million for 2013. The decrease in operating cash flows
in 2014 was primarily due to lower operating results as previously discussed.
Throughout 2015, the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price has been driven down by a combination of reduced
domestic steel demand from China and increased global iron ore production leading to excess supply, as well as mining
cost deflation and a sharp fall in Australian and Brazilian currencies versus the U.S. dollar. In 2016, we do not expect
to see meaningful improvement in iron ore prices without significant changes to the global iron ore supply-demand picture.
The iron ore supply-demand situation has not only adversely impacted iron ore producers, but also the global
steel industry. Currently, the global steel industry is experiencing its worst conditions in over a decade, with prices for
products falling even lower than those realized during the most recent recession - the 2008 global financial crisis. We
69
Table of Contents
believe that very low cost iron ore has contributed substantially to foreign steel exported out of China and other countries
into the U.S. market. As a result of these imports, as well as the continued weakening of the oil and gas sector, domestic
pricing for steel has been depressed and in turn, our customers' demand for pellets has fallen. In 2016, we expect these
conditions to improve as recently imposed duties on unfairly traded steel should curb the steel imports entering the U.S,
and as a result we expect to see domestic steel pricing rising throughout 2016.
If necessary, our efficient tax structure allows us to repatriate cash from our foreign operations. Our U.S. cash
and cash equivalents balance at December 31, 2015 was $213.6 million, or approximately 74.9 percent of our consolidated
total cash and cash equivalents balance of $285.2 million.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $103.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with
$103.6 million for 2014. We had capital expenditures of $80.8 million and $284.1 million for the years ended December 31,
2015 and 2014, respectively. Offsetting our investments in property, plant and equipment, during 2014, we had cash
proceeds from investing activities of $155.0 million from the sale of CLCC.
Net cash used by investing activities was $103.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared
with $811.3 million for 2013. We had capital expenditures of $284.1 million and $861.6 million for
the years
ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Up until the first quarter of 2014, our main capital investment focus
was on the construction of the Bloom Lake mine's operations, at which time we placed the Phase II expansion on hold.
We subsequently determined that the Phase II expansion of the Bloom Lake mine was no longer a viable option for us
and we shifted our focus to considering available possibilities and executing an exit option for Eastern Canadian Iron
Ore operations that minimizes the cash outflows and associated liabilities. In December 2014, iron ore production at
the Bloom Lake mine was suspended and the Bloom Lake mine was placed in ‘‘care-and-maintenance’’ mode. Prior to
Bloom Lake mine entering "care and maintenance" mode, we spent approximately $51 million and approximately $426
million on the ramp-up and expansion projects at the Bloom Lake mine during the years ended December 31, 2014 and
2013, respectively, which predominately relates to work performed in 2013.
Additionally, we spent approximately $81 million, $232 million and $394 million globally on expenditures related
to sustaining capital during 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Sustaining capital spend includes infrastructure, mobile
equipment, environmental, safety, fixed equipment, product quality and health.
In alignment with our strategy to focus on allocating capital among key priorities related to liquidity management,
and business investment, we anticipate total cash used for capital expenditures in 2016 to be approximately $50 million,
the vast majority of which relates to our U.S. Iron Ore operations.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $61.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared
with net cash used in financing activities of $288.3 million for 2014. Net cash provided by financing activities included
the issuance of First Lien Notes, which resulted in proceeds of $503.5 million which were offset partially by the repurchase
of senior notes of $225.9 million and debt issuance costs of $33.6 million. Additionally, net cash used by financing
activities during 2015 and 2014 included $45.4 million and $20.9 million, respectively, for the repayment of the Canadian
equipment loans, and $51.2 million of preferred dividend distributions in each of those periods. On January 4, 2016, we
announced that under the terms of our 7.00 percent Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Class A ("Series
A preferred stock"), the final quarterly dividend would not be paid in cash. Refer to NOTE 21 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
for further information. The year ended December 31, 2014 also included common dividend distributions of $92.5 million.
On January 26, 2015, we announced that our Board of Directors had decided to eliminate the quarterly dividend of $0.15
per share on our common shares. The decision was applicable to the first quarter of 2015 and all subsequent quarters.
We anticipate that the remaining balance of the Canadian equipment loans that were guaranteed by the Company
of approximately $97 million will be re-paid from available cash within the next 12 months and as a result approximately
$74 million of letter of credit obligations associated with these guarantees will be released as well. We also had distributions
of partnership equity of $40.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and we anticipate approximately $47 million
in partnership equity will be distributed within the next 12 months.
Net cash used in financing activities was $288.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared with
net cash used in financing activities of $171.9 million for 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2013, net cash used
includes dividend distributions of $127.6 million. In 2013, we had net repayments under our credit facilities of $325.0
million, which was partially offset by cash provided by financing activities of $164.8 million from the Canadian equipment
loans. Additionally, we completed public offerings of 29.25 million depositary shares and 10.35 million common shares,
70
Table of Contents
resulting in net proceeds of $709.4 million and $285.3 million, respectively, after underwriting fees and discounts, of
which a portion of the net proceeds were used to repay the $847.1 million outstanding under the term loan.
The following represents our future cash commitments and contractual obligations as of December 31, 2015:
Payments Due by Period (1) (In Millions)
Contractual Obligations
Long-term debt
Interest on debt (2)
Operating lease obligations
Capital lease obligations
Guarantees and contingent liabilities
Purchase obligations:
Open purchase orders
Minimum "take or pay" purchase
commitments (3)
Total purchase obligations
Other long-term liabilities:
Pension funding minimums
OPEB claim payments
Environmental and mine closure
obligations
Personal injury
Total other long-term liabilities
Less than
1 Year
1 - 3
Year
$
Total
2,898.2
1,468.5
36.8
92.6
140.2
$
— $
188.5
8.4
24.3
104.3
42.0
42.0
284.1
326.1
300.8
109.9
234.0
3.8
648.5
111.0
153.0
1.2
4.1
2.8
1.6
9.7
3 - 5
Year
1,681.7
287.1
$
More
Than
5 Years
$
905.3
626.1
9.7
19.0
—
—
38.7
38.7
64.5
7.6
19.1
0.4
91.6
5.0
9.0
—
—
40.8
40.8
182.1
90.4
193.8
0.2
466.5
311.2
366.8
13.7
40.3
35.9
—
93.6
93.6
53.0
7.8
18.3
1.6
80.7
Total
$
5,610.9
$
488.2
$
942.2
$
2,127.8
$ 2,052.7
(1) Includes our consolidated obligations.
(2) Refer to NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional
information regarding our debt and related interest rates.
(3) Includes minimum railroad transportation obligations, minimum electric power demand charges, minimum coal,
diesel and natural gas obligations and minimum port facility obligations.
The above table does not reflect $156.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits, which we have recorded for uncertain
tax positions as we are unable to determine a reasonable and reliable estimate of the timing of future payments.
Refer to NOTE 20 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES of the Consolidated Financial Statements for
additional information regarding our future commitments and obligations.
71
Table of Contents
Capital Resources
We expect to fund our business obligations from available cash, current and future operations and existing
borrowing arrangements. We also may pursue other funding strategies in the capital markets to strengthen our liquidity.
The following represents a summary of key liquidity measures as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
Cash and cash equivalents
Available revolving credit facility (1)
Revolving loans drawn
Available borrowing base on ABL Facility (2)
ABL Facility loans drawn
Letter of credit obligations and other commitments
Borrowing capacity available
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
December 31,
2014
$
$
$
285.2 $
— $
—
366.0
—
(186.8)
179.2 $
271.3
1,125.0
—
—
—
(149.5)
975.5
(1) On March 30, 2015 we eliminated our revolving credit facility and replaced it with the ABL Facility
(2) The ABL Facility has the maximum borrowing base of $550 million, determined by applying customary
advance rates to eligible accounts receivable, inventory and certain mobile equipment.
Our primary source of funding is our ABL Facility, which matures on March 30, 2020. We also have cash on
hand, generated by the business, which totaled $285.2 million as of December 31, 2015. The combination of cash and
availability under the ABL Facility gives us approximately $464.4 million in liquidity entering the first quarter of 2016,
which is expected to be used to fund operations, letter of credit obligations, sustaining capital expenditures and other
cash commitments for at least the next 12 months. Based on anticipated cash used from financing activities, letters of
credit obligations will decrease by approximately $76 million in the next 12 months.
As of December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with the ABL Facility liquidity requirements and, therefore, the
springing financial covenant requiring a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 was not applicable. We
believe that the cash on hand and the ABL Facility provide us sufficient liquidity to support our operating, investing and
financing activities.
As previously noted, on January 27, 2016, we announced the Exchange Offers up to $710 million aggregate
principal amount of our New 1.5 Lien Notes due 2020 for certain Existing Notes of Cliffs, upon the terms and subject to
the conditions set forth in our confidential offering memorandum dated January 27, 2016. To the extent that Existing
Notes are exchanged, the capability to issue New 1.5 Lien Notes, subject to compliance with the Fixed Charge Coverage
Ratio under our ABL Facility for purposes of additional liquidity, is proportionally reduced. Furthermore, the ability to
issue these secured notes could be limited by market conditions. If demand for our products and pricing deteriorates
further and persists for a continued period of time, we believe our ability to maintain the required Fixed Charge Coverage
Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 could be difficult.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we are a party to certain arrangements that are not reflected on our Statements
of Consolidated Financial Position. These arrangements include minimum "take or pay" purchase commitments, such
as minimum electric power demand charges, minimum coal, diesel and natural gas purchase commitments, minimum
railroad transportation commitments and minimum port facility usage commitments; financial instruments with off-balance
sheet risk, such as bank letters of credit and bank guarantees; and operating leases, which primarily relate to equipment
and office space.
Market Risks
We are subject to a variety of risks, including those caused by changes in commodity prices, foreign currency
exchange rates and interest rates. We have established policies and procedures to manage such risks; however, certain
risks are beyond our control.
72
Table of Contents
Pricing Risks
Commodity Price Risk
Our consolidated revenues include the sale of iron ore pellets, iron ore lump and iron ore fines. Our financial
results can vary significantly as a result of fluctuations in the market prices of iron ore. World market prices for these
commodities have fluctuated historically and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control. The world market
price that most commonly is utilized in our iron ore sales contracts is the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot rate pricing,
which can fluctuate widely due to numerous factors, such as global economic growth or contraction, change in demand
for steel or changes in availability of supply.
Provisional Pricing Arrangements
Certain of our U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore customer supply agreements specify provisional price
calculations, where the pricing mechanisms generally are based on market pricing, with the final revenue rate to be
based on market inputs at a specified point in time in the future, per the terms of the supply agreements. The difference
between the provisionally agreed-upon price and the estimated final revenue rate is characterized as a derivative and
is required to be accounted for separately once the revenue has been recognized. The derivative instrument is adjusted
to fair value through Product revenues each reporting period based upon current market data and forward-looking
estimates provided by management until the final revenue rate is determined.
At December 31, 2015, we recorded $2.0 million as derivative assets included in Other current assets and $3.4
million as derivative liabilities included in Other current liabilities in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position
related to our estimate of final revenue rate with our U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore customers. These amounts
represent the difference between the provisional price agreed upon with our customers based on the supply agreement
terms and our estimate of the final sales rate based on the price calculations established in the supply agreements. As
a result, we recognized a net $1.4 million decrease, respectively, in Product revenues in the Statements of Consolidated
Operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 related to these arrangements.
Customer Supply Agreements
A certain supply agreement with one U.S. Iron Ore customer provides for supplemental revenue or refunds based
on the customer’s average annual steel pricing at the time the product is consumed in the customer’s blast furnace. The
supplemental pricing is characterized as a freestanding derivative, which is finalized based on a future price, and is
adjusted to fair value as a revenue adjustment each reporting period until the pellets are consumed and the amounts
are settled. The fair value of the instrument is determined using an income approach based on an estimate of the annual
realized price of hot-rolled steel at the steelmaker’s facilities.
At December 31, 2015, we had derivative assets of $5.8 million, representing the fair value of the pricing factors,
based upon the amount of unconsumed tons and an estimated average hot-band steel price related to the period in
which the tons are expected to be consumed in the customer’s blast furnace at each respective steelmaking facility,
subject to final pricing at a future date. This compares with derivative assets of $63.2 million as of December 31, 2014.
We estimate that a $75 positive change in the average hot-band steel price realized from the December 31, 2015 estimated
price recorded would cause the fair value of the derivative instrument to increase by approximately $51.9 million or a
$75 negative change in the average hot-band steel price realized from the December 31, 2015 estimated price recorded
would cause the fair value of the derivative instrument to decrease by approximately $44.1 million, thereby impacting
our consolidated revenues by the same amount.
We have not entered into any hedging programs to mitigate the risk of adverse price fluctuations; however certain
of our term supply agreements contain price collars, which typically limit the percentage increase or decrease in prices
for our products during any given year.
Volatile Energy and Fuel Costs
The volatile cost of energy is an important issue affecting our production costs, primarily in relation to our iron
ore operations. Our consolidated U.S. Iron Ore mining ventures consumed approximately 18.6 million MMBtu’s of natural
gas at an average delivered price of $3.52 per MMBtu inclusive of the natural gas hedge impact or $3.36 per MMBtu net
of the natural gas hedge impact during 2015. Additionally, our consolidated U.S. Iron Ore mining ventures consumed
approximately 23.0 million gallons of diesel fuel at an average delivered price of $1.96 per gallon inclusive of the diesel
fuel hedge impact or $1.90 per gallon net of the diesel fuel hedge impact during 2015. Consumption of diesel fuel by
our Asia Pacific operations was approximately 10.0 million gallons at an average delivered price of $1.86 per gallon for
the same period.
73
Table of Contents
In the ordinary course of business, there may also be increases in electrical costs at our U.S. mine sites.
Specifically, our Tilden and Empire mines in Michigan have entered into large curtailable special contracts with Wisconsin
Electric Power Company. Charges under those special contracts are subject to a power supply cost recovery mechanism
that is based on variations in the utility's actual fuel and purchase power expenses.
Our strategy to address increasing energy rates includes improving efficiency in energy usage, identifying
alternative providers and utilizing the lowest cost alternative fuels. An energy hedging program has been implemented
in order to manage the price risk of diesel and natural gas at our U.S. Iron Ore mines during the winter months of 2016.
This program affects the period of January through March of 2016. We will continue to monitor relevant energy markets
for risk mitigation opportunities and may make additional forward purchases or employ other hedging instruments in the
future as warranted and deemed appropriate by management. Assuming we do not enter into further hedging activity
in the near term, a 10 percent change in electrical, natural gas and diesel fuel prices would result in a change of
approximately $8.8 million in our annual fuel and energy cost based on expected consumption for 2016.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are subject to changes in foreign currency exchange rates as a result of our operations in Australia, which
could impact our financial condition. With respect to Australia, foreign exchange risk arises from our exposure to
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates because our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, but the functional
currency of our Asia Pacific operations is the Australian dollar. Our Asia Pacific operations receive funds in U.S. currency
for their iron ore sales and incur costs in Australian currency.
At December 31, 2015, we had no outstanding Australian foreign currency exchange rate contracts for which
we elected hedge accounting. Our last outstanding Australian foreign exchange rate contract held as a cash flow hedge
matured in September 2015. Due to the uncertainty of 2015 hedge exposures, we have suspended entering into new
foreign exchange rate contracts. As discussed in NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT
ACCOUNTING POLICIES, we have waived compliance with our current derivative financial instruments and hedging
activities policy through December 31, 2016. In the future, we may enter into additional hedging instruments as needed
in order to further hedge our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Refer to NOTE 13 - DERIVATIVE
INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES for further information.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest payable on our senior notes is at fixed rates. Interest payable under our ABL Facility is at a variable
rate based upon the base rate plus the base rate margin depending on the excess availability. As of December 31, 2015,
we had no amounts drawn on the ABL Facility.
The interest rate payable on the $500.0 million senior notes due in 2018 may be subject to adjustments from
time to time if either Moody's or S&P or, in either case, any Substitute Rating Agency thereof downgrades (or subsequently
upgrades) the debt rating assigned to the notes. In no event shall (1) the interest rate for the notes be reduced to below
the interest rate payable on the notes on the date of the initial issuance of notes or (2) the total increase in the interest
rate on the notes exceed 2.00 percent above the interest rate payable on the notes on the date of the initial issuance of
notes. Throughout 2014, the interest rate payable on the $500.0 million senior notes due in 2018 was increased from
3.95 percent ultimately to 5.70 percent based on Substitute Rating Agency downgrades throughout the year. During the
first quarter of 2015, subsequent to a downgrade, the interest rate was further increased to 5.95 percent. This maximum
rate increase of 2.00 percent has resulted in an additional interest expense of $6.2 million per annum based upon the
$311.2 million principal balance outstanding as of December 31, 2015.
Supply Concentration Risks
Many of our mines are dependent on one source each of electric power and natural gas. A significant interruption
or change in service or rates from our energy suppliers could impact materially our production costs, margins and
profitability.
Outlook
We provide full-year expected revenues-per-ton ranges based on different assumptions of seaborne iron ore
prices. We indicated that each different pricing assumption holds all other assumptions constant, including customer
mix, as well as industrial commodity prices, freight rates, energy prices, production input costs and/or hot-band steel
prices (all factors contained in certain of our supply agreements).
The U.S. Iron Ore table further assumes full-year hot-band steel pricing of approximately $450 per short ton.
We note that this estimate is based on our customer's realized prices and not an index or spot market price. In 2015,
74
Table of Contents
the customer's realized price was approximately $40 per ton higher than the U.S. Domestic Midwest Hot Rolled Coil
Steel Index. In terms of sensitivity, for every $50 per ton change in the customer's hot-rolled steel prices, our U.S. Iron
Ore revenue realizations per ton would be expected to change by $2.25 if steel prices increase, and $1.75 if steel prices
decrease.
The table below provides certain Platts IODEX averages for 2016 and the corresponding full-year realization
for the U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore segments.
2016 Full-Year Realized Revenues-Per-Ton Range Summary
Platts IODEX (1)
$30
$35
$40
$45
$50
$55
$60
U.S. Iron Ore (2)
$71 - $73
Asia Pacific Iron Ore (3)
$19 - $21
$71 - $73
$72 - $74
$73 - $75
$74 - $76
$75 - $77
$76 - $78
$23 - $25
$28 - $30
$32 - $34
$36 - $38
$40 - $42
$45 - $47
(1) The Platts IODEX is the benchmark assessment based on a standard
specification of iron ore fines with 62% iron content (C.F.R. China).
(2) U.S. Iron Ore tons are reported in long tons of pellets. This table
assumes full-year hot-rolled steel pricing of approximately $450 per short
ton, which is based on customer realizations and not a public index.
(3) Asia Pacific Iron Ore tons are reported in metric tons of lump and fines,
F.O.B. the port.
U.S. Iron Ore Outlook (Long Tons)
For 2016, we expect full-year sales volume of approximately 17.5 million tons from our U.S. Iron Ore business.
In order to reduce pellet inventory levels and generate cash flow from working capital, we currently plan to produce
approximately 16 million tons of iron ore pellets during 2016.
Our full-year 2016 U.S. Iron Ore cash production cost per ton expectation is $50 - $55. Our cash cost of goods
sold per ton expectation is $55 - $60, representing a reduction of $5 from the previously disclosed 2016 cash costs of
goods sold per ton expectation of $60 - $65.
We anticipate depreciation, depletion and amortization to be approximately $7 per ton for full-year 2016.
Labor Update
We remain in active negotiations with the United Steelworkers and are committed to reaching a fair and equitable
agreement. The current contract has been extended by mutual agreement of both parties. The contract extension
covers approximately 2,000 USW-represented workers at our Empire and Tilden mines in Michigan, and our United
Taconite and Hibbing Taconite mines in Minnesota.
Asia Pacific Iron Ore Outlook (Metric Tons, F.O.B. the port)
Our full-year 2016 Asia Pacific Iron Ore expected sales and production volume is approximately 11.5 million
tons. The product mix is expected to contain 50 percent lump and 50 percent fines.
Based on a full-year average exchange rate of $0.69 U.S. Dollar to Australian Dollar, we are expecting a full-
year 2016 Asia Pacific Iron Ore cash production cost per ton of $25 - $30. Our cash cost of goods sold per ton expectation
is expected to be $30 - $35. We indicated that for every $0.01 change in this exchange rate on a full-year basis, our
cash cost of goods sold is impacted by approximately $6 million.
We anticipate depreciation, depletion and amortization to be approximately $2 per ton for full-year 2016.
75
Table of Contents
The following table provides a summary of our 2016 guidance for our two business segments:
Sales volume (million tons)
Production volume (million tons)
Cash production cost per ton
Cash cost of goods sold per ton
DD&A per ton
2016 Outlook Summary
U.S. Iron Ore (A)
17.5
16
$50 - $55
$55 - $60
$7
Asia Pacific
Iron Ore (B)
11.5
11.5
$25 - $30
$30 - $35
$2
(A) U.S. Iron Ore tons are reported in long tons of pellets.
(B) Asia Pacific Iron Ore tons are reported in metric tons of lump and fines.
SG&A Expenses and Other Expectations
Full-year 2016 SG&A expenses are expected to be approximately $95 million, a $15 million reduction from the
full-year 2015 expense. We also note that of the $95 million expectation, approximately $30 million is considered non-
cash.
We expect full-year 2016 interest expense to be approximately $240 million, of which approximately $205 million
is cash interest. Consolidated full-year 2016 depreciation, depletion and amortization is expected to be approximately
$145 million.
Capital Budget Update
We expect full-year 2016 capital expenditures to be $50 million, a significant reduction compared to 2015
expenditures of $83 million. The reduction is driven by the divestiture of the remaining coal assets as well as spending
discipline exhibited in the U.S. Iron Ore business.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES of the
consolidated financial statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the respective dates
of adoption and effects on results of operations and financial condition.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our
consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Preparation of financial
statements requires management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of
assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingencies. Management bases its
estimates on various assumptions and historical experience, which are believed to be reasonable; however, due to the
inherent nature of estimates, actual results may differ significantly due to changed conditions or assumptions. On a
regular basis, management reviews the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our
financial statements are fairly presented in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects
cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences
could be material. Management believes that the following critical accounting estimates and judgments have a significant
impact on our financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore Provisional Pricing Arrangements
Most of our U.S. Iron Ore long-term supply agreements are comprised of a base price with annual price
adjustment factors. The base price is the primary component of the purchase price for each contract. The inflation-
indexed price adjustment factors are integral to the iron ore supply contracts and vary based on the agreement, but
typically include adjustments based upon changes in benchmark and international pellet prices and changes in specified
Producers Price Indices, including those for industrial commodities excluding fuel, cold rolled steel and strip, and fuel
and related products. The pricing adjustments generally operate in the same manner, with each factor typically
76
Table of Contents
comprising a portion of the price adjustment, although the weighting of each factor varies based upon the specific terms
of each agreement. In most cases, these adjustment factors have not been finalized at the time our product is sold. In
these cases, we historically have estimated the adjustment factors at each reporting period based upon the best third-
party information available. The estimates are then adjusted to actual when the information has been finalized.
The Producer Price Indices remain an estimated component of the sales price throughout the contract year
and are estimated each quarter using publicly available forecasts of such indices. The final indices referenced in certain
of the U.S. Iron Ore supply contracts typically are not published by the U.S. Department of Labor until the second quarter
of the subsequent year. As a result, we record an adjustment for the difference between the fourth quarter estimate
and the final price in the following year.
Throughout the year, certain of our Asia Pacific Iron Ore customers have contract arrangements in which pricing
settlements are based upon an average benchmark pricing for future periods. Most of the future periods are settled
within three months. To the extent the particular pricing settlement period is subsequent to the reporting period, we
estimate the final pricing settlement based upon information available. Similar to U.S. Iron Ore, the estimates are then
adjusted to actual when the price settlement period elapses.
Historically, provisional pricing arrangement adjustments have not been material as they have represented a
minor portion of U.S. and Asia Pacific Iron Ore's respective revenues for each of the three preceding fiscal years ended
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.
U.S. Iron Ore Customer Supply Agreements
In addition, certain supply agreements with one U.S. Iron Ore customer include provisions for supplemental
revenue or refunds based on the customer's average annual steel pricing for the year that the product is consumed in
the customer's blast furnaces. The supplemental pricing is characterized as a freestanding derivative and is required
to be accounted for separately once the product is shipped. The derivative instrument, which is finalized based on a
future price, is marked to fair value as a revenue adjustment each reporting period until the pellets are consumed and
the amounts are settled. The fair value of the instrument is determined using a market approach based on an estimate
of the annual realized price of hot rolled steel at the steelmaker's facilities, and takes into consideration current market
conditions and nonperformance risk. At December 31, 2015, we had a derivative asset of $5.8 million, representing
the fair value of the pricing factors, based upon the amount of unconsumed tons and an estimated average hot band
steel price related to the period in which the tons are expected to be consumed in the customer's blast furnace at each
respective steelmaking facility, subject to final pricing at a future date. This compares with a derivative asset of $63.2
million as of December 31, 2014, based upon the amount of unconsumed tons and the related estimated average hot
band steel price.
The customer's average annual price is not known at the time of sale and the actual price is received on a
delayed basis at the end of the year, once the average annual price has been finalized. As a result, we estimate the
average price and adjust the estimate to actual in the fourth quarter when the information is provided by the customer
at the end of each year. Information used in developing the estimate includes such factors as production and pricing
information from the customer, current spot prices, third-party analyst forecasts, publications and other industry
information. The accuracy of our estimates typically increases as the year progresses based on additional information
in the market becoming available and the customer's ability to more accurately determine the average price it will realize
for the year. The following represents the historical accuracy of our pricing estimates related to the derivative as well
as the impact on revenue resulting from the difference between the estimated price and the actual price for each quarter
during 2015, 2014 and 2013 prior to receiving final information from the customer for tons consumed during each year:
2015
Estimated
Price
$563
505
489
483
Final
Price
$483
483
483
483
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Impact on
Revenue
(in
millions)
Final
Price
($21.9) $651
651
(9.9)
(7.2)
651
— 651
77
2014
Estimated
Price
Impact on
Revenue
(in
millions)
$645
650
653
651
$1.5
2.7
(3.4)
—
Final
Price
$622
622
622
622
2013
Estimated
Price
Impact on
Revenue
(in
millions)
$630
($1.2)
614
633
622
3.0
(2.1)
—
Table of Contents
As an example, we estimate that a $75 positive change in the average hot band steel price realized from the
December 31, 2015 estimated price recorded for the unconsumed tons remaining at year end would cause the fair
value of the derivative instrument to increase by approximately $51.9 million. Additionally, we estimate that a $75
negative change in the average hot band steel price realized from the December 31, 2015 estimated price recorded
for the unconsumed tons remaining at year end would cause the fair value of the derivative instrument to decrease by
approximately $44.1 million, thereby impacting our consolidated revenues by the same amount.
Mineral Reserves
We regularly evaluate our mineral reserves and update them as required in accordance with SEC Industry
Guide 7. The estimated mineral reserves could be affected by future industry conditions, geological conditions and
ongoing mine planning. Maintenance of effective production capacity of the mineral reserve could require increases in
capital and development expenditures. Generally, as mining operations progress, haul lengths and lifts increase.
Alternatively, changes in economic conditions or the expected quality of mineral reserves could decrease capacity or
mineral reserves. Technological progress could alleviate such factors or increase capacity of mineral reserves.
We use our mineral reserve estimates, combined with our estimated annual production levels, to determine the
mine closure dates utilized in recording the fair value liability for asset retirement obligations. Refer to NOTE 11 -
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATIONS, for further information. Since the liability represents the
present value of the expected future obligation, a significant change in mineral reserves or mine lives would have a
substantial effect on the recorded obligation. We also utilize mineral reserves for evaluating potential impairments of
mine assets and in determining maximum useful lives utilized to calculate depreciation and amortization of long-lived
mine assets. Increases or decreases in mineral reserves or mine lives could significantly affect these items.
Asset Retirement Obligations and Environmental Remediation Costs
The accrued mine closure obligations for our active mining operations provide for contractual and legal
obligations associated with the eventual closure of the mining operations. Our obligations are determined based on
detailed estimates adjusted for factors that a market participant would consider (i.e., inflation, overhead and profit),
which are escalated at an assumed rate of inflation to the estimated closure dates, and then discounted using the current
credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. The estimate also incorporates incremental increases in the closure cost estimates
and changes in estimates of mine lives. The closure date for each location is determined based on the exhaustion date
of the remaining iron ore reserves, which is dependent on our estimate of mineral reserves. The estimated obligations
are particularly sensitive to the impact of changes in mine lives given the difference between the inflation and discount
rates. Changes in the base estimates of legal and contractual closure costs due to changes in legal or contractual
requirements, available technology, inflation, overhead or profit rates also would have a significant impact on the recorded
obligations.
We have a formal policy for environmental protection and restoration. Our obligations for known environmental
matters at active and closed mining operations and other sites have been recognized based on estimates of the cost
of investigation and remediation at each site. If the obligation can only be estimated as a range of possible amounts,
with no specific amount being more likely, the minimum of the range is accrued. Management reviews its environmental
remediation sites quarterly to determine if additional cost adjustments or disclosures are required. The characteristics
of environmental remediation obligations, where information concerning the nature and extent of clean-up activities is
not immediately available and which are subject to changes in regulatory requirements, result in a significant risk of
increase to the obligations as they mature. Expected future expenditures are not discounted to present value unless
the amount and timing of the cash disbursements can be reasonably estimated. Potential insurance recoveries are not
recognized until realized. Refer to NOTE 11 - ENVIRONMENTAL AND MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATIONS, for further
information.
Income Taxes
Our income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect
management's best assessment of estimated future taxes to be paid. We are subject to income taxes in both the U.S.
and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated
income tax expense.
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between tax and financial statement recognition of
revenue and expense. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive
and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax
planning strategies and recent financial operations. In projecting future taxable income, we begin with historical results
78
Table of Contents
adjusted for the results of discontinued operations and changes in accounting policies and incorporate assumptions
including the amount of future state, federal and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences,
and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment
about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage
the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three years
of cumulative operating income (loss).
At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had a valuation allowance of $3,372.5 million and $1,152.3 million,
respectively, against our deferred tax assets. Our losses in certain locations in recent periods represented sufficient
negative evidence to require a full valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets. Additionally, significant
Alternative Minimum tax credits have been generated in recent years. Sufficient negative evidence suggests that the
credits will not be realized in the foreseeable future, and a full valuation allowance has been recorded on the deferred
tax asset. We intend to maintain a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets related to these operating losses,
credits and allowances until sufficient positive evidence exists to support the realization of such assets.
Changes in tax laws and rates also could affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future.
Management is not aware of any such changes that would have a material effect on the Company's results of operations,
cash flows or financial position.
The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws
and regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across our global operations.
Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements requires that a tax benefit
from an uncertain tax position be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon
examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on technical merits.
We recognize tax liabilities in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, and we adjust these liabilities when
our judgment changes as a result of evaluation of new information not previously available. Due to the complexity of
some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in payment that is materially different from our current
estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in
the period in which they are determined.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets
In assessing the recoverability of our long-lived assets, significant assumptions regarding the estimated future
cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets must be made, as well as the related
estimated useful lives. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future as a result of changes in
strategy or market conditions, we may be required to record impairment charges for these assets in the period such
determination was made.
We monitor conditions that indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may be impaired. In
order to determine if assets have been impaired, assets are grouped and tested at the lowest level for which identifiable,
independent cash flows are available. An impairment loss exists when projected undiscounted cash flows are less than
the carrying value of the assets. The measurement of the impairment loss to be recognized is based on the difference
between the fair value and the carrying value of the assets. Fair value can be determined using a market approach,
income approach or cost approach. The impairment analysis and fair value determination can result in substantially
different outcomes based on critical assumptions and estimates including the quantity and quality of remaining mineral
reserves, future iron ore prices and production costs.
During 2015 and 2014, we identified factors that indicated the carrying values of certain asset groups may not
be recoverable. Primary factors included the impact of estimated long-term price forecasts that were updated as part
of management’s long-range planning process. Updated estimates of long-term prices for all products, specifically the
Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price, which particularly affects the Asia Pacific Iron Ore business segment because
their contracts correlate heavily to world market spot pricing, were lower than prior estimates. These estimates were
updated based upon current market conditions, macro-economic factors influencing the balance of supply and demand
for our products and expectations for future cost and capital expenditure requirements. Additional factors include our
CEO, Lourenco Goncalves, appointed by the Board of Directors in early August 2014, and subsequently identified as
the CODM in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The CODM views Asia Pacific Iron Ore as non-core
assets and has communicated plans to evaluate the business unit for a change in strategy including possible divestiture.
These factors, among other considerations utilized in the individual impairment assessment, indicate that the carrying
value of the respective asset group may not be recoverable, and resulted in an impairment of other long-lived assets
79
Table of Contents
of $562.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Although certain factors indicated that the carrying value of
certain asset groups may not be recoverable during 2015, an assessment was performed and no further impairment
was indicated.
Refer to NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, NOTE 4 -
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT and NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS for further
information regarding our policy on asset impairment, detail on our remaining PP&E and mineral rights and non-recurring
fair value measurements.
Employee Retirement Benefit Obligations
We offer defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans and other postretirement benefit
plans, primarily consisting of retiree healthcare benefits, to most employees in North America as part of a total
compensation and benefits program. We do not have employee retirement benefit obligations at our Asia Pacific Iron
Ore operations. The defined benefit pension plans largely are noncontributory and benefits generally are based on
employees' years of service and average earnings for a defined period prior to retirement, or a minimum formula.
Following is a summary of our U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB funding and expense for the years 2013
through 2016:
2013
2014
2015
2016 (Estimated)
Pension
OPEB
Funding
42.9
$
49.6
35.7
1.2
Expense
46.8
$
26.2
23.9
16.3
Funding
19.0
$
5.5
3.5
4.1
Expense
3.2
$
(2.5)
4.4
(4.4)
Assumptions used in determining the benefit obligations and the value of plan assets for defined benefit pension
plans and postretirement benefit plans (primarily retiree healthcare benefits) that we offer are evaluated periodically by
management. Critical assumptions, such as the discount rate used to measure the benefit obligations, the expected
long-term rate of return on plan assets, the medical care cost trend, and the rate of compensation increase are reviewed
annually.
80
Table of Contents
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we used the following assumptions:
U.S. plan discount rate
Iron Hourly Pension Plan
Salaried Pension Plan
Ore Mining Pension Plan
SERP
Hourly OPEB Plan
Salaried OPEB Plan
U.S. rate of compensation increase - Salaried
U.S. rate of compensation increase - Hourly
U.S. pension plan expected return on plan assets
U.S. OPEB plan expected return on plan assets
Pension and Other
Benefits
2015
2014
4.27 %
3.83 %
4.12
4.28
4.22
4.32
4.22
3.00
2.00
8.25
7.00
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.00
2.50
8.25
7.00
The increase in the discount rates in 2015 was driven by the change in bond yields, which were up approximately
40 basis points compared to the prior year.
Additionally, on December 31, 2015, the assumed mortality improvement projection was changed from
generational scale MP-2014 to generational scale MP-2015. The healthy mortality assumption remains the RP-2014
mortality tables with blue collar and white collar adjustments made for certain hourly and salaried groups to determine
the expected life of our plan participants.
Following are sensitivities of potential further changes in these key assumptions on the estimated 2015 pension
and OPEB expense and the pension and OPEB benefit obligations as of December 31, 2015:
Increase in Expense
(In Millions)
Increase in Benefit
Obligation
(In Millions)
Pension
OPEB
Pension
OPEB
Decrease discount rate .25 percent
$
2.2 $
Decrease return on assets 1 percent
Increase medical trend rate 1 percent
6.7
N/A
0.6
2.4
3.2
$
25.5 $
8.3
N/A
N/A
N/A
27.2
Changes in actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, employee retirement rates, mortality, compensation
levels, plan asset investment performance and healthcare costs, are determined based on analyses of actual and
expected factors. Changes in actuarial assumptions and/or investment performance of plan assets may have a significant
impact on our financial condition due to the magnitude of our retirement obligations. Refer to NOTE 7 - PENSIONS
AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K for further information.
81
Table of Contents
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains statements that constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal
securities laws. As a general matter, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated trends and expectations rather
than historical matters. Forward-looking statements are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to Cliffs’ operations
and business environment that are difficult to predict and may be beyond our control. Such uncertainties and factors
may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These
statements speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no ongoing obligation, other than that imposed by
law, to update these statements. Uncertainties and risk factors that could affect Cliffs’ future performance and cause
results to differ from the forward-looking statements in this report include, but are not limited to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
trends affecting our financial condition, results of operations or future prospects, particularly the continued volatility
of iron ore prices;
availability of capital and our ability to maintain adequate liquidity, in particular considering borrowing base
reductions from the sale of non-core assets such as North American Coal;
our level of indebtedness could limit cash flow available to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions
and other general corporate purposes or ongoing needs of our business, which could prevent us from fulfilling
our debt obligations;
our ability to successfully consummate any or all of the senior note exchange offers;
continued weaknesses in global economic conditions, including downward pressure on prices caused by
oversupply or imported products, including the impact of any reduced barriers to trade, recently filed and
forthcoming trade cases, reduced market demand and any change to the economic growth rate in China;
our ability to reach agreement with our iron ore customers regarding any modifications to sales contract provisions,
renewals or new arrangements;
uncertainty relating to restructurings in the steel industry and/or affecting the steel industry;
our ability to maintain appropriate relations with unions and employees and enter into or renew collective
bargaining agreements on satisfactory terms;
the impact of our customers reducing their steel production or using other methods to produce steel;
our ability to successfully execute an exit option for our Canadian Entities that minimizes the cash outflows and
associated liabilities of such entities, including the CCAA process;
our ability to successfully identify and consummate any strategic investments and complete planned divestitures;
our ability to successfully diversify our product mix and add new customers beyond our traditional blast furnace
clientele;
the outcome of any contractual disputes with our customers, joint venture partners or significant energy, material
or service providers or any other litigation or arbitration;
the ability of our customers and joint venture partners to meet their obligations to us on a timely basis or at all;
the impact of price-adjustment factors on our sales contracts;
changes in sales volume or mix;
our actual levels of capital spending;
our actual economic iron ore reserves or reductions in current mineral estimates, including whether any
mineralized material qualifies as a reserve;
events or circumstances that could impair or adversely impact the viability of a mine and the carrying value of
associated assets, as well as any resulting impairment charges;
the results of prefeasibility and feasibility studies in relation to projects;
impacts of existing and increasing governmental regulation and related costs and liabilities, including failure to
receive or maintain required operating and environmental permits, approvals, modifications or other authorization
of, or from, any governmental or regulatory entity and costs related to implementing improvements to ensure
compliance with regulatory changes;
our ability to cost-effectively achieve planned production rates or levels;
uncertainties associated with natural disasters, weather conditions, unanticipated geological conditions, supply
or price of energy, equipment failures and other unexpected events;
adverse changes in currency values, currency exchange rates, interest rates and tax laws;
risks related to international operations;
availability of capital equipment and component parts;
82
Table of Contents
•
•
the potential existence of significant deficiencies or material weakness in our internal control over financial
reporting; and
problems or uncertainties with productivity, tons mined, transportation, mine-closure obligations, environmental
liabilities, employee-benefit costs and other risks of the mining industry.
For additional factors affecting the business of Cliffs, refer to Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors. You are urged to
carefully consider these risk factors.
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information regarding our Market Risk is presented under the caption Market Risks, which is included in Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and is incorporated by reference
and made a part hereof.
83
Table of Contents
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Statements of Consolidated Financial Position
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories
Supplies and other inventories
Income tax receivable
Short-term assets of discontinued operations
Loans to and accounts receivables from the Canadian Entities
Insurance coverage receivable
Other current assets
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
OTHER ASSETS
Deferred income taxes
Long-term assets of discontinued operations
Other non-current assets
TOTAL OTHER ASSETS
TOTAL ASSETS
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
2014
$
285.2 $
40.2
329.6
110.4
5.7
14.9
72.9
93.5
30.3
982.7
1,059.0
—
—
93.8
93.8
2,135.5 $
$
271.3
122.7
260.1
118.6
217.6
326.9
0.4
—
107.7
1,425.3
1,070.5
175.5
383.0
92.9
651.4
3,147.2
(continued)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
84
Table of Contents
Statements of Consolidated Financial Position
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries - (Continued)
LIABILITIES
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable
Accrued employment costs
State and local taxes payable
Accrued expenses
Accrued royalties
Short-term liabilities of discontinued operations
Guarantees
Insured loss
Other current liabilities
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
POSTEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT LIABILITIES
Pensions
Other postretirement benefits
TOTAL POSTEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT LIABILITIES
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATIONS
LONG-TERM DEBT
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
OTHER LIABILITIES
TOTAL LIABILITIES
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (SEE NOTE 20)
EQUITY
CLIFFS SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Preferred Stock - no par value
Class A - 3,000,000 shares authorized
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
2014
$
106.3 $
53.0
35.2
85.7
17.3
6.9
96.5
93.5
87.3
581.7
209.7
11.3
221.0
231.2
2,699.4
—
213.8
3,947.1
166.1
73.8
40.7
99.4
28.5
399.4
—
—
146.6
954.5
246.0
22.3
268.3
165.6
2,826.5
427.5
239.1
4,881.5
7% Series A Mandatory Convertible, Class A, no par value and $1,000 per
share liquidation preference (See Note 15)
Issued and Outstanding - 731,223 shares (2014 - 731,223)
Class B - 4,000,000 shares authorized
Common Shares - par value $0.125 per share
Authorized - 400,000,000 shares (2014 - 400,000,000 shares);
Issued - 159,546,224 shares (2014 - 159,546,224 shares);
Outstanding - 153,591,930 shares (2014 - 153,246,754 shares)
Capital in excess of par value of shares
Retained deficit
Cost of 5,954,294 common shares in treasury (2014 - 6,299,470 shares)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
TOTAL CLIFFS SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
NONCONTROLLING INTEREST (DEFICIT)
TOTAL DEFICIT
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND DEFICIT
731.3
731.3
19.8
2,298.9
(4,748.4)
(265.0)
(18.0)
(1,981.4)
169.8
(1,811.6)
2,135.5 $
19.8
2,309.8
(3,960.7)
(285.7)
(245.8)
(1,431.3)
(303.0)
(1,734.3)
3,147.2
$
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
85
Table of Contents
Statements of Consolidated Operations
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
REVENUES FROM PRODUCT SALES AND SERVICES
Product
Freight and venture partners' cost reimbursements
COST OF GOODS SOLD AND OPERATING EXPENSES
SALES MARGIN
OTHER OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSE)
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets
Miscellaneous - net
OPERATING INCOME
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest expense, net
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Other non-operating income (expense)
INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES
AND EQUITY LOSS FROM VENTURES
INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)
EQUITY LOSS FROM VENTURES, net of tax
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
LOSS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, net of tax
NET INCOME (LOSS)
LOSS (INCOME) ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
(Year Ended December 31, 2015 - Loss of $7.7 million related to Discontinued Operations, Year Ended
December 31, 2014 - Loss of $1,113.3 million and Year Ended December 31, 2013 - Loss of $66.5 million
related to Discontinued Operations)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS SHAREHOLDERS
PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
$
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS COMMON SHAREHOLDERS $
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
SHAREHOLDERS - BASIC
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
SHAREHOLDERS - DILUTED
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES (IN THOUSANDS)
Basic
Diluted
CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER DEPOSITARY SHARE
CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE
$
$
$
$
$
$
(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2013
$
$
1,832.4
180.9
2,013.3
(1,776.8)
236.5
$
3,095.2
278.0
3,373.2
(2,487.5)
885.7
3,631.8
259.0
3,890.8
(2,406.4)
1,484.4
(110.0)
(3.3)
28.1
(85.2)
151.3
(228.5)
392.9
(2.6)
161.8
313.1
(169.3)
(0.1)
143.7
(892.1)
(748.4)
(154.7)
(635.5)
34.6
(755.6)
130.1
(176.7)
16.2
10.7
(149.8)
(19.7)
86.0
(9.9)
56.4
(8,368.0)
(8,311.6)
(0.9)
(749.3) $
(38.4)
(787.7) $
1,087.4
(7,224.2) $
(51.2)
(7,275.4) $
$
0.63
(5.77)
(5.14) $
(0.14) $
(47.38)
(47.52) $
$
0.63
(5.76)
(5.13) $
(0.14) $
(47.38)
(47.52) $
(163.8)
(14.3)
74.0
(104.1)
1,380.3
(186.4)
—
(3.0)
(189.4)
1,190.9
(237.6)
(74.4)
878.9
(517.1)
361.8
51.7
413.5
(48.7)
364.8
5.37
(2.97)
2.40
4.95
(2.58)
2.37
153,230
153,605
1.32
$
— $
153,098
153,098
1.76
0.60
$
$
151,726
174,323
1.66
0.60
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
86
Table of Contents
Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
2015
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS SHAREHOLDERS
$
(749.3) $ (7,224.2) $
413.5
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Pension and OPEB liability, net of tax
Unrealized net gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax
Unrealized net gain (loss) on foreign currency translation
Unrealized net gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, net of tax
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (INCOME) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE
NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
SHAREHOLDERS
45.2
1.7
155.6
20.7
223.2
(91.0)
(7.2)
(42.3)
2.8
(137.7)
208.3
3.1
(208.6)
(29.6)
(26.8)
4.6
4.8
(30.5)
$
(521.5) $ (7,357.1) $
356.2
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
87
Table of Contents
Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided (used) by
operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets
Equity loss in ventures (net of tax)
Deferred income taxes
Changes in deferred revenue and below-market sales contracts
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Loss on deconsolidation, net of cash deconsolidated
Loss (gain) on sale of North American Coal mines
Other
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables and other assets
Product inventories
Payables and accrued expenses
Net cash provided by operating activities
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Investments in DIP and prepetition financing
Proceeds (uses) from sale of North American Coal mines
Other investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds from issuance of Series A, Mandatory Convertible Preferred
Stock, Class A
Net proceeds from issuance of common shares
Proceeds from first lien notes offering
Debt issuance costs
Repayment of term loan
Borrowings under credit facilities
Repayment under credit facilities
Proceeds from equipment loans
Repayments of equipment loans
Repurchase of debt
Contributions (to)/by joint ventures, net
Distributions of partnership equity
Common stock dividends
Preferred stock dividends
Other financing activities
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
2015
$
(748.4) $
(8,311.6) $
361.8
134.0
76.6
(0.1)
159.8
(42.6)
(392.9)
668.3
(9.3)
113.1
369.1
(62.0)
(227.7)
37.9
(80.8)
(14.0)
(15.2)
6.8
(103.2)
—
—
503.5
(33.6)
—
309.8
(309.8)
—
(45.4)
(225.9)
0.1
(40.6)
—
(51.2)
(45.9)
61.0
(1.4)
(5.7)
290.9
285.2
$
504.0
9,029.9
9.9
(1,153.9)
(18.0)
(16.2)
—
419.6
(21.5)
(82.8)
37.8
(38.3)
358.9
(284.1)
—
155.0
25.5
(103.6)
—
—
—
(9.0)
—
1,219.5
(1,219.5)
—
(20.9)
(28.8)
(25.7)
—
(92.5)
(51.2)
(60.2)
(288.3)
(11.6)
(44.6)
335.5
290.9
$
593.3
250.8
74.4
(138.1)
(52.8)
—
—
—
(3.3)
138.8
30.8
(109.8)
1,145.9
(861.6)
—
—
50.3
(811.3)
709.4
285.3
—
—
(847.1)
670.5
(995.5)
164.8
(3.0)
—
23.3
—
(91.9)
(35.7)
(52.0)
(171.9)
(22.4)
140.3
195.2
335.5
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD
$
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
See NOTE 17 - CASH FLOW INFORMATION.
88
Table of Contents
Statements of Consolidated Changes in Equity
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In Millions)
Cliffs Shareholders
Number
of
Depositary
Shares
Depositary
Shares
Number
of
Common
Shares
Common
Shares
Capital in
Excess of
Par Value
of Shares
Retained
Earnings
Common
Shares
in
Treasury
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss)
Non-
Controlling
Interest
Total
— $
—
142.5
$
18.5
$ 1,774.7
$ 3,217.7
$ (322.6) $
(55.6) $ 1,128.2
$ 5,760.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
29.3
731.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10.4
1.3
284.0
—
—
—
0.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.2
295.4
—
(2.9)
(21.9)
—
—
413.5
—
—
(0.6)
(82.7)
—
—
—
(91.9)
(48.7)
—
—
—
—
—
—
17.1
—
—
—
—
(57.3)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(51.7)
30.5
(21.2)
—
5.6
361.8
(26.8)
335.0
285.3
5.2
(314.8)
(102.1)
17.0
—
—
—
—
17.0
14.2
709.4
(91.9)
(48.7)
29.3
$
731.3
153.2
$
19.8
$ 2,329.5
$ 3,407.3
$ (305.5) $
(112.9) $
814.8
$ 6,884.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(19.7)
—
—
(7,224.2)
—
—
—
—
(92.5)
(51.3)
—
—
—
—
19.8
—
—
—
(1,087.4)
(8,311.6)
(132.9)
(4.8)
(137.7)
(1,092.2)
(8,449.3)
—
—
—
—
—
(0.1)
(0.1)
(25.5)
(25.5)
—
—
—
0.1
(92.5)
(51.3)
29.3
$
731.3
153.2
$
19.8
$ 2,309.8
$ (3,960.7) $ (285.7) $
(245.8) $
(303.0) $ (1,734.3)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(10.9)
(749.3)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(38.4)
—
—
—
—
—
—
20.7
—
—
227.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.9
(4.6)
(3.7)
0.2
(0.2)
(51.7)
528.2
—
—
(748.4)
223.2
(525.2)
0.2
(0.2)
(51.7)
528.2
9.8
(38.4)
January 1, 2013
Comprehensive income
Net income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
Equity offering
Capital contribution by noncontrolling
interest to subsidiary
Acquisition of controlling interest
Undistributed losses to noncontrolling
interest
Stock and other incentive plans
Depositary Shares
Common stock dividends ($.60 per
share)
Preferred stock dividends ($1.66 per
depositary share)
December 31, 2013
Comprehensive income
Net loss
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
Capital contribution to noncontrolling
interest to subsidiary
Distributions to noncontrolling
interest
Stock and other incentive plans
Common stock dividends ($0.60 per
share)
Preferred stock dividends ($1.76 per
depositary share)
December 31, 2014
Comprehensive income
Net income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
Capital contribution to noncontrolling
interest to subsidiary
Distributions to noncontrolling
interest
Distributions of partnership equity
Effect of deconsolidation
Stock and other incentive plans
Preferred stock dividends ($1.32 per
depositary share)
December 31, 2015
29.3
$
731.3
153.5
$
19.8
$ 2,298.9
$ (4,748.4) $ (265.0) $
(18.0) $
169.8
$ (1,811.6)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
89
Table of Contents
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Business Summary
We are a leading mining and natural resources company in the United States. We are a major supplier of iron
ore pellets to the North American steel industry from our five iron ore mines and pellet plants located in Michigan and
Minnesota. Additionally, Cliffs operates an iron ore mining complex in Western Australia. Our continuing operations are
organized according to geography: U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore.
As more fully described in NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, in January 2015, we announced that
the Bloom Lake Group commenced restructuring proceedings in Montreal, Quebec under the CCAA. At that time, we
had suspended Bloom Lake operations and for several months had been exploring options to sell certain of our Canadian
assets, among other initiatives. Effective January 27, 2015, following the CCAA filing of the Bloom Lake Group, we
deconsolidated the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries comprising substantially all of our
Canadian operations. Additionally, on May 20, 2015, the Wabush Group commenced restructuring proceedings in
Montreal, Quebec under the CCAA which resulted in the deconsolidation of the remaining Wabush Group entities that
were not previously deconsolidated. The Wabush Group was no longer generating revenues and was not able to meet
its obligations as they came due. As a result of this action, the CCAA protections granted to the Bloom Lake Group were
extended to include the Wabush Group to facilitate the reorganization of each of their businesses and operations. Financial
results prior to the respective deconsolidations of the Bloom Lake and Wabush Groups and subsequent expenses directly
associated with the Canadian Entities are included in our financial statements and classified within discontinued
operations.
Also, for the majority of 2015, we operated two metallurgical coal operations in Alabama and West Virginia. In
December 2015, we completed the sale of these two metallurgical coal operations, which marked our exit from the coal
business. As of March 31, 2015, management determined that our North American Coal operating segment met the
criteria to be classified as held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. As such, all current year
and historical North American Coal operating segment results are included in our financial statements and classified
within discontinued operations. Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further discussion of the North
American Coal segment discontinued operations.
Significant Accounting Policies
We consider the following policies to be beneficial in understanding the judgments that are involved in the
preparation of our consolidated financial statements and the uncertainties that could impact our financial condition, results
of operations and cash flows.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
The more significant areas requiring the use of management estimates and assumptions related to mineral reserves
future realizable cash flow; environmental, reclamation and closure obligations; valuation of long-lived assets and
investments; valuation of inventory; valuation of post-employment, post-retirement and other employee benefit liabilities;
valuation of tax assets; reserves for contingencies and litigation; and the fair value of derivative instruments. Actual
results could differ from estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews estimates. Changes in facts and
circumstances may alter such estimates and affect the results of operations and financial position in future periods.
90
Table of Contents
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly owned and majority-
owned subsidiaries, including the following operations at December 31, 2015:
Name
Northshore
United Taconite
Tilden
Empire
Location
Minnesota
Minnesota
Michigan
Michigan
Koolyanobbing
Western Australia
Ownership
Interest
100.0%
100.0%
85.0%
79.0%
100.0%
Operation
Iron Ore
Status of Operations
Active
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Active
Active
Active
Active
Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated upon consolidation.
Equity Method Investments
Investments in unconsolidated ventures that we have the ability to exercise significant influence over, but not
control, are accounted for under the equity method. The following table presents the detail of our investments in
unconsolidated ventures and where those investments are classified in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position
as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Parentheses indicate a net liability.
Investment
Hibbing
Other (2)
Classification
Other liabilities (1)
Other non-current assets
Accounting
Method
Equity Method
Ownership
Interest
23%
Equity Method
Various
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
December 31,
2014
$
$
(2.4) $
—
(2.4) $
3.1
1.0
4.1
(1)
(2)
At December 31, 2014, the classification for Hibbing was Other non-current assets.
At December 31, 2015, no Other equity method investments remain.
Hibbing
Our share of equity income (loss) is eliminated against consolidated product inventory upon production, and
against Cost of goods sold and operating expenses when sold. This effectively reduces our cost for our share of the
mining ventures' production cost, reflecting the cost-based nature of our participation in unconsolidated ventures.
Amapá
On March 28, 2013, an unknown event caused the Santana port shiploader to collapse into the Amazon River,
preventing further ship loading by the mine operator, Anglo. In light of the March 28, 2013 collapse of the Santana port
shiploader and subsequent evaluation of the effect that this event had on the carrying value of our investment in Amapá
as of June 30, 2013, we recorded an impairment charge of $67.6 million in the second quarter of 2013.
On August 28, 2013, we entered into additional agreements to sell our 30 percent interest in Amapá to Anglo for
nominal cash consideration, plus the right to certain contingent deferred consideration upon the two-year anniversary of
the closing. However, no contingent deferred consideration was earned upon the two-year anniversary. The closing
was conditional on obtaining certain regulatory approvals and the additional agreement provided Anglo with an option
to request that we transfer our interest in Amapá directly to Zamin. Anglo exercised this option and the transfer to Zamin
was completed in the fourth quarter of 2013.
Noncontrolling Interests
During the fourth quarter of 2013, CQIM’s interest in Bloom Lake increased by an aggregate of 7.8 percent after
CQIM paid both its own and WISCO’s proportionate shares of the cash call for the first half of 2013. As a result of our
cash call payments, CQIM was issued a total of 457,556 new Bloom Lake units, increasing our interest to 82.8 percent
91
Table of Contents
in Bloom Lake and diluting WISCO’s interest to 17.2 percent. The new unit issuance decreased equity attributable to
WISCO by $314.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 by decreasing WISCO’s interest in Bloom Lake’s
accumulated deficit. We accounted for the increase in ownership as an equity transaction, which resulted in a $314.8
million increase to equity attributable to Cliffs’ shareholders. As discussed above, as of January 27, 2015, we
deconsolidated the Bloom Lake Group following the CCAA filing. Financial results prior to the deconsolidation of the
Bloom Lake Group and subsequent expenses directly associated with the Canadian Entities are included in our financial
statements. See NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further information.
Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit as well as all short-term securities held for the
primary purpose of general liquidity. We consider investments in highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity
of three months or less from the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. We routinely monitor and evaluate counterparty
credit risk related to the financial institutions by which our short-term investment securities are held.
Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for
doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in Cliffs' existing accounts receivable. We
establish provisions for losses on accounts receivable when it is probable that all or part of the outstanding balance will
not be collected. We regularly review our accounts receivable balances and establish or adjust the allowance as necessary
using the specific identification method. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $7.1 million at December 31, 2015.
There was no allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2014. There was bad debt expense of $7.1 million for
the year ended December 31, 2015. There was no bad debt expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Inventories
U.S. Iron Ore
U.S. Iron Ore product inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost of iron ore inventories is
determined using the LIFO method.
We had approximately 1.3 million tons and 1.4 million tons of finished goods stored at ports and customer facilities
on the lower Great Lakes to service customers at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We maintain ownership
of the inventories until title has transferred to the customer, usually when payment is received. Maintaining ownership
of the iron ore products at ports on the lower Great Lakes reduces risk of non-payment by customers.
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore product inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Costs of inventories are being
valued on a weighted average cost basis. We maintain ownership of the inventories until title has transferred to the
customer, which generally is when the product is loaded into the vessel.
Supplies and Other Inventories
Supply inventories include replacement parts, fuel, chemicals and other general supplies, which are expected
to be used or consumed in normal operations. Supply inventories also include critical spares. Critical spares are
replacement parts for equipment that is critical for the continued operation of the mine or processing facilities.
Supply inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using average cost, less an allowance for obsolete
and surplus items. The allowance for obsolete and surplus items was $31.8 million and $16.0 million at December 31,
2015 and 2014, respectively.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
We are exposed to certain risks related to the ongoing operations of our business, including those caused by
changes in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We have established policies and
procedures, including the use of certain derivative instruments, to manage such risks, if deemed necessary.
92
Table of Contents
Derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Statements of Consolidated
Financial Position and measured at fair value. On the date a derivative instrument is entered into, we generally designate
a qualifying derivative instrument as a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized
asset or liability or forecasted transaction (cash flow hedge). We formally document all relationships between hedging
instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge
transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges to specific firm
commitments or forecasted transactions. We also formally assess both at the hedge's inception and on an ongoing
basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash
flows of the related hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has
ceased to be a highly effective hedge, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively and record all future changes in
fair value in the period of the instrument's earnings or losses.
For derivative instruments that have been designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the changes
in fair value are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and any portion that is ineffective is recorded
in current period earnings or losses. Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are
reclassified to earnings or losses in the period the underlying hedged transaction affects earnings or when the underlying
hedged transaction is no longer reasonably possible of occurring.
For derivative instruments that have not been designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value are recorded
in the period of the instrument's earnings or losses.
According to our global hedge policy, the policy allows for hedging not more than 75 percent, but not less than
40 percent for up to 12 months and not less than 10 percent for up to 15 months, of forecasted net currency exposures
that are probable to occur. Full hedge compliance under the policy has been waived through December 31, 2016. The
waiver was a result of the evaluation of the potential risk of being over hedged and the uncertainty of the 2015 and 2016
currency exposures. During 2015, we did not enter into any new foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge our
foreign currency exposure and we do not expect to enter into any during 2016. In the future, we may enter into additional
hedging instruments as needed in order to further hedge our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Refer to NOTE 13 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES for further information.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Our properties are stated at the lower of cost less accumulated depreciation or fair value. Depreciation of plant
and equipment is computed principally by the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives, not to exceed the
mine lives. The Northshore, United Taconite, Empire and Tilden operations use the double-declining balance method
of depreciation for certain mining equipment. The Asia Pacific Iron Ore operation uses the production output method for
certain mining equipment. Depreciation is provided over the following estimated useful lives:
Asset Class
Buildings
Mining equipment
Processing equipment
Electric power facilities
Land improvements
Office and information technology
Basis
Straight line
Straight line/Double declining balance
Straight line
Straight line
Straight line
Straight line
Life
45 Years
3 to 20 Years
10 to 45 Years
10 to 45 years
20 to 45 years
3 to 15 Years
Depreciation continues to be recognized when operations are idled temporarily.
Refer to NOTE 4 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT for further information.
Capitalized Stripping Costs
During the development phase, stripping costs are capitalized as a part of the depreciable cost of building,
developing and constructing a mine. These capitalized costs are amortized over the productive life of the mine using
the units of production method. The production phase does not commence until the removal of more than a de minimis
amount of saleable mineral material occurs in conjunction with the removal of overburden or waste material for purposes
of obtaining access to an ore body. The stripping costs incurred in the production phase of a mine are variable production
costs included in the costs of the inventory produced (extracted) during the period that the stripping costs are incurred.
93
Table of Contents
Stripping costs related to expansion of a mining asset of proven and probable reserves are variable production
costs that are included in the costs of the inventory produced during the period that the stripping costs are incurred.
Other Intangible Assets and Liabilities
Other intangible assets are subject to periodic amortization on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful
lives as follows:
Intangible Assets
Permits - Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Permits - USIO
Basis
Units of production
Useful Life (years)
Life of mine
Straight line
28
Asset Impairment
Long-Lived Tangible and Intangible Assets
We monitor conditions that may affect the carrying value of our long-lived tangible and intangible assets when
events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset groups may not be recoverable. In order to
determine if assets have been impaired, assets are grouped and tested at the lowest level for which identifiable,
independent cash flows are available ("asset group"). An impairment loss exists when projected undiscounted cash
flows are less than the carrying value of the asset group. The measurement of the impairment loss to be recognized is
based on the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset group. Fair value can be determined
using a market approach, income approach or cost approach.
As a result of these assessments during 2015, we recorded no material impairment charges related to long-lived
tangible or intangible assets at our continuing operations. During 2014, we recorded a long-lived tangible asset impairment
charge of $537.8 million and an intangible asset impairment charge of $13.8 million in our Statements of Consolidated
Operations related to our continuing operations. There were no long-lived tangible or intangible asset impairments during
2013 related to our continuing operations.
Refer to NOTE 4 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NOTE 12 - GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE
ASSETS AND LIABILITIES and NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS for further information.
Fair Value Measurements
Valuation Hierarchy
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for
classification of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the
valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are
inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on
market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our own views about the
assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information
available in the circumstances. The three-tier hierarchy of inputs is summarized below:
•
•
Level 1 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other
inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the
financial instrument.
•
Level 3 — Valuation is based upon other unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement.
The classification of assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input
that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities
measured at fair value are as follows:
94
Table of Contents
Cash Equivalents
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the
valuation hierarchy. Cash equivalents classified in Level 1 at December 31, 2015 and 2014 include money market funds.
Valuation of these instruments is determined using a market approach and is based upon unadjusted quoted prices for
identical assets in active markets.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative financial instruments valued using financial models that use as their basis readily observable market
parameters are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Such derivative financial instruments include
substantially all of our foreign currency exchange contracts and derivative financial instruments that are valued based
upon published pricing settlements realized by other companies in the industry. Derivative financial instruments that are
valued based upon models with significant unobservable market parameters and are normally traded less actively, are
classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Refer to NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS and NOTE 7 - PENSIONS AND OTHER
POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS for further information.
Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
We offer defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans and other postretirement benefit
plans, primarily consisting of retiree healthcare benefits, to most employees in North America as part of a total
compensation and benefits program. We do not have employee pension or post-retirement benefit obligations at our
Asia Pacific Iron Ore operations.
We recognize the funded or unfunded status of our postretirement benefit obligations on our December 31, 2015
and 2014 Statements of Consolidated Financial Position based on the difference between the market value of plan assets
and the actuarial present value of our retirement obligations on that date, on a plan-by-plan basis. If the plan assets
exceed the retirement obligations, the amount of the surplus is recorded as an asset; if the retirement obligations exceed
the plan assets, the amount of the underfunded obligations are recorded as a liability. Year-end balance sheet adjustments
to postretirement assets and obligations are recorded as Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The actuarial estimates of the PBO and APBO retirement obligations incorporate various assumptions including
the discount rates, the rates of increases in compensation, healthcare cost trend rates, mortality, retirement timing and
employee turnover. The discount rate is determined based on the prevailing year-end rates for high-grade corporate
bonds with a duration matching the expected cash flow timing of the benefit payments from the various plans. The
remaining assumptions are based on our estimates of future events by incorporating historical trends and future
expectations. The amount of net periodic cost that is recorded in the Statements of Consolidated Operations consists
of several components including service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, and amortization of previously
unrecognized amounts. Service cost represents the value of the benefits earned in the current year by the participants.
Interest cost represents the cost associated with the passage of time. Certain items, such as plan amendments, gains
and/or losses resulting from differences between actual and assumed results for demographic and economic factors
affecting the obligations and assets of the plans, and changes in other assumptions are subject to deferred recognition
for income and expense purposes. The expected return on plan assets is determined utilizing the weighted average of
expected returns for plan asset investments in various asset categories based on historical performance, adjusted for
current trends. See NOTE 7 - PENSIONS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS for further information.
Asset Retirement Obligations
Asset retirement obligations are recognized when incurred and recorded as liabilities at fair value. The fair value
of the liability is determined as the discounted value of the expected future cash flow. The asset retirement obligation
is accreted over time through periodic charges to earnings. In addition, the asset retirement cost is capitalized as part
of the asset’s carrying value and amortized over the life of the related asset. Reclamation costs are adjusted periodically
to reflect changes in the estimated present value resulting from the passage of time and revisions to the estimates of
either the timing or amount of the reclamation costs. We review, on an annual basis, unless otherwise deemed necessary,
the asset retirement obligation at each mine site in accordance with the provisions of ASC 410, Asset Retirement and
Environmental Obligations. We perform an in-depth evaluation of the liability every three years in addition to routine
annual assessments.
95
Table of Contents
Future remediation costs for inactive mines are accrued based on management’s best estimate at the end of
each period of the costs expected to be incurred at a site. Such cost estimates include, where applicable, ongoing
maintenance and monitoring costs. Changes in estimates at inactive mines are reflected in earnings in the period an
estimate is revised. See NOTE 11 - ENVIRONMENTAL AND MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATIONS for further information.
Environmental Remediation Costs
We have a formal policy for environmental protection and restoration. Our mining and exploration activities are
subject to various laws and regulations governing protection of the environment. We conduct our operations to protect
the public health and environment and believe our operations are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in
all material respects. Our environmental liabilities, including obligations for known environmental remediation exposures
at active and closed mining operations and other sites, have been recognized based on the estimated cost of investigation
and remediation at each site. If the cost only can be estimated as a range of possible amounts with no point in the range
being more likely, the minimum of the range is accrued. Future expenditures are not discounted unless the amount and
timing of the cash disbursements reasonably can be estimated. It is possible that additional environmental obligations
could be incurred, the extent of which cannot be assessed. Potential insurance recoveries have not been reflected in
the determination of the liabilities. See NOTE 11 - ENVIRONMENTAL AND MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATIONS for further
information.
Revenue Recognition
We sell our products pursuant to comprehensive supply agreements negotiated and executed with our customers.
Revenue is recognized from a sale when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable,
the product is delivered in accordance with F.O.B. terms, title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer in
accordance with the specified provisions of each supply agreement and collection of the sales price reasonably is assured.
Our U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore supply agreements provide that title and risk of loss transfer to the customer
either upon loading of the vessel, shipment or, as is the case with some of our U.S. Iron Ore supply agreements, when
payment is received. Under certain term supply agreements, we ship the product to ports on the lower Great Lakes or
to the customers’ facilities prior to the transfer of title. Our rationale for shipping iron ore products to certain customers
and retaining title until payment is received for these products is to minimize credit risk exposure.
Iron ore sales are recorded at a sales price specified in the relevant supply agreements resulting in revenue and
a receivable at the time of sale. Upon revenue recognition for provisionally priced sales, a freestanding derivative is
created for the difference between the sales price used and expected future settlement price. The derivative, which does
not qualify for hedge accounting, is adjusted to fair value through Product revenues as a revenue adjustment each
reporting period based upon current market data and forward-looking estimates determined by management until the
final sales price is determined. The principal risks associated with recognition of sales on a provisional basis include
iron ore price fluctuations between the date initially recorded and the date of final settlement. For revenue recognition,
we estimate the future settlement rate; however, if significant changes in iron ore prices occur between the provisional
pricing date and the final settlement date, we might be required to either return a portion of the sales proceeds received
or bill for the additional sales proceeds due based on the provisional sales price. Refer to NOTE 13 - DERIVATIVE
INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES for further information.
In addition, certain supply agreements with one customer include provisions for supplemental revenue or refunds
based on the customer’s annual steel pricing for the year the product is consumed in the customer’s blast furnaces. We
account for this provision as a free standing derivative instrument at the time of sale and record this provision at fair
value until the year the product is consumed and the amounts are settled as an adjustment to revenue. Refer to NOTE
13 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES for further information.
Revenue from product sales also includes reimbursement for freight charges paid on behalf of customers and
freight costs to move product from the port of Esperance to ports in China, which are included in Freight and venture
partners' cost reimbursements separate from Product revenues. Revenue is recognized for the expected reimbursement
of services when the services are performed.
96
Table of Contents
Deferred Revenue
The terms of one of our U.S. Iron Ore pellet supply agreements required supplemental payments to be paid by
the customer during the period 2009 through 2012, with the option to defer a portion of the 2009 monthly amount in
exchange for interest payments until the deferred amount was repaid in 2013. Installment amounts received under this
arrangement in excess of sales are classified as deferred revenue in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position
upon receipt of payment. Revenue is recognized over the life of the supply agreement, which extends until 2022, in
equal annual installments. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, installment amounts received in excess of sales totaled
$89.9 million and $102.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, deferred revenue of $12.8 million was recorded
in Other current liabilities and $77.1 million was recorded as long term in Other liabilities in the Statements of Consolidated
Financial Position. As of December 31, 2014, deferred revenue of $12.8 million was recorded in Other current liabilities
and $90.0 million was recorded as long term in Other liabilities in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position.
In 2014, due to the payment terms and the timing of cash receipts near year-end, cash receipts exceeded
shipments. The shipments were completed early in the subsequent years. We considered whether revenue should be
recognized on these sales under the “bill and hold” guidance provided by the SEC Staff; however, based upon the
assessment performed, revenue recognition on these transactions totaling $29.3 million was deferred on the
December 31, 2014 Statements of Consolidated Financial Position.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses represents all direct and indirect costs and expenses applicable to
the sales and revenues of our mining operations. Operating expenses primarily represent the portion of the Tilden mining
venture costs for which we do not own; that is, the costs attributable to the share of the mine’s production owned by the
other joint venture partner in the Tilden mine. The mining venture functions as a captive cost company; it supplies product
only to its owners effectively for the cost of production. Accordingly, the noncontrolling interests’ revenue amounts are
stated at cost of production and are offset by an equal amount included in Cost of goods sold and operating expenses
resulting in no sales margin reflected for the noncontrolling partner participant. As we are responsible for product
fulfillment, we act as a principal in the transaction and, accordingly, record revenue under these arrangements on a gross
basis.
The following table is a summary of reimbursements in our U.S. Iron Ore operations for the years ended
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
Reimbursements for:
Freight
Venture partners’ cost
Total reimbursements
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2014
2013
$
$
105.3 $
163.0 $
52.0
108.0
157.3 $
271.0 $
177.3
82.2
259.5
In 2014, we began selling a portion of our Asia Pacific Iron Ore product on a CFR basis. As a result, $23.6 million
and $6.9 million of freight was included in Cost of goods sold and operating expenses for the years ended December
31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. There was no freight for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Where we have joint ownership of a mine, our contracts entitle us to receive royalties and/or management fees,
which we earn as the pellets are produced.
Repairs and Maintenance
Repairs, maintenance and replacement of components are expensed as incurred. The cost of major equipment
overhauls is capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful life, which is the period until the next scheduled
overhaul, generally five years. All other planned and unplanned repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when
incurred.
97
Table of Contents
Share-Based Compensation
The fair value of each performance share grant is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation
to forecast relative TSR performance. Consistent with the guidelines of ASC 718, Stock Compensation, a correlation
matrix of historic and projected stock prices was developed for both the Company and its predetermined peer group of
mining and metals companies. The fair value assumes that performance goals will be achieved.
The expected term of the grant represents the time from the grant date to the end of the service period for each
of the three plan-year agreements. We estimated the volatility of our common shares and that of the peer group of mining
and metals companies using daily price intervals for all companies. The risk-free interest rate is the rate at the grant
date on zero-coupon government bonds, with a term commensurate with the remaining life of the performance plans.
The fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes model using the grant
date price of our common shares and option exercise price, and assumptions regarding the option’s expected term, the
volatility of our common shares, the risk-free interest rate, and the dividend yield over the option’s expected term.
Upon vesting of share-based compensation awards, we issue shares from treasury stock before issuing new
shares.
Refer to NOTE 8 - STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS for additional information.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are based on income for financial reporting purposes, calculated using tax rates by jurisdiction,
and reflect a current tax liability or asset for the estimated taxes payable or recoverable on the current year tax return
and expected annual changes in deferred taxes. Any interest or penalties on income tax are recognized as a component
of income tax expense.
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred
tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial
statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the
financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the
differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized
in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In
making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of
deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial results of operations.
Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements requires that a tax benefit from
an uncertain tax position be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination,
including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on technical merits.
See NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES for further information.
Discontinued Operations
In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals
of Components of an Entity, which changes the criteria for reporting discontinued operations and requires additional
disclosures about discontinued operations. The standard requires that an entity report as a discontinued operation only
a disposal that represents a strategic shift in operations that has a major effect on its operations and financial results.
ASU 2014-08 is effective prospectively for new disposals that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December
15, 2014. Early adoption was permitted and we adopted ASU 2014-08 during the three months ended December 31,
2014.
98
Table of Contents
North American Coal Operations
As we execute our strategy to focus on strengthening our U.S. Iron Ore operations, management determined
as of March 31, 2015 that our North American Coal operating segment met the criteria to be classified as held for sale
under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements and continued to meet the criteria throughout 2015. In December
2015, we completed the sale of our remaining two metallurgical coal operations, Oak Grove and Pinnacle mines, which
marked our exit from the coal business. Our plan to sell the Oak Grove and Pinnacle mine assets represented a strategic
shift in our business. For this reason, our previously reported North American Coal operating segment results for all
periods, prior to the March 31, 2015 held for sale determination, are classified as discontinued operations. Additionally,
the results for the remainder of 2015 were reported as discontinued operations. This also includes our CLCC assets,
which were sold during the fourth quarter of 2014. Refer to NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further
discussion of our discontinued operations.
Canadian Operations
As more fully described in NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, in January 2015, we announced that
the Bloom Lake Group commenced restructuring proceedings in Montreal, Quebec under the CCAA. At that time, we
had suspended Bloom Lake operations and for several months had been exploring options to sell certain of our Canadian
assets, among other initiatives. Effective January 27, 2015, following the CCAA filing of the Bloom Lake Group, we
deconsolidated the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries comprising substantially all of our
Canadian operations. Additionally, on May 20, 2015, the Wabush Group commenced restructuring proceedings in
Montreal, Quebec under the CCAA which resulted in the deconsolidation of the remaining Wabush Group entities that
were not previously deconsolidated. The Wabush Group was no longer generating revenues and was not able to meet
its obligations as they came due. As a result of this action, the CCAA protections granted to the Bloom Lake Group were
extended to include the Wabush Group to facilitate the reorganization of each of their businesses and operations. Our
Canadian exit represents a strategic shift in our business. For this reason, our previously reported Eastern Canadian
Iron Ore and Ferroalloys operating segment results for all periods prior to the respective deconsolidations as well as
costs to exit are classified as discontinued operations.
Foreign Currency
Our financial statements are prepared with the U.S. dollar as the reporting currency. The functional currency of
our Australian subsidiaries is the Australian dollar. The functional currency of all other international subsidiaries is the
U.S. dollar. The financial statements of international subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange
rate at each balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and a weighted average exchange rate for each period for
revenues, expenses, gains and losses. Where the local currency is the functional currency, translation adjustments are
recorded as Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Income taxes generally are not provided for foreign currency
translation adjustments. To the extent that monetary assets and liabilities, inclusive of intercompany notes, are recorded
in a currency other than the functional currency, these amounts are remeasured each reporting period, with the resulting
gain or loss being recorded in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. Transaction gains and losses resulting from
remeasurement of short-term intercompany loans are included in Miscellaneous - net in our Statements of Consolidated
Operations. For the year ended December 31, 2015, net gains of $16.3 million related to the impact of transaction gains
and losses resulting from remeasurement. Of these amounts, for the year ended December 31, 2015, gains of $11.5
million and $1.5 million resulted from remeasurement of short-term intercompany loans and cash and cash equivalents,
respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2014, net gains of $29.0 million related to the impact of transaction gains
and losses resulting from remeasurement. Of these amounts, for the year ended December 31, 2014, gains of $19.7
million and $10.6 million, resulted from remeasurement of short-term intercompany loans and cash and cash equivalents,
respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2013, net gains of $53.2 million related to the impact of transaction gains
and losses resulting from remeasurement. Of these amounts, for the year ended December 31, 2013, gains of $33.0
million and $20.4 million, resulted from remeasurement of short-term intercompany loans and cash and cash equivalents,
respectively.
Earnings Per Share
We present both basic and diluted earnings per share amounts for continuing operations and discontinued
operations. Basic earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing Net Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Attributable to Cliffs Shareholders less any paid or declared but unpaid dividends on our depositary shares by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period presented. Diluted earnings per share amounts are
calculated by dividing Net Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Attributable to Cliffs Shareholders by the weighted
average number of common shares, common share equivalents under stock plans using the treasury stock method and
the number of common shares that would be issued under an assumed conversion of our outstanding depositary shares,
99
Table of Contents
each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of our Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Class A, under
the if-converted method. Our outstanding depositary shares are convertible into common shares based on the volume
weighted average of closing prices of our common shares over the 20 consecutive trading day period ending on the third
day immediately preceding the end of the reporting period. Common share equivalents are excluded from EPS
computations in the periods in which they have an anti-dilutive effect. See NOTE 19 - EARNINGS PER SHARE for
further information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Issued and Not Effective
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which specifies that an
entity should measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling
price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.
The new standard does not apply to inventory that is measured using LIFO; therefore, it is not applicable to our U.S. Iron
Ore inventory values, but does apply to our Asia Pacific Iron Ore inventories which are valued using the average cost
method. The update is effective for financial statement periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim
periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in ASU 2015-11 should be applied prospectively with earlier application
permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. We do not expect the adoption of this pronouncement
to have an impact on our financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity's Ability to Continue
as a Going Concern. ASU 2014-15 will explicitly require management to assess an entity's ability to continue as a going
concern, and to provide related footnote disclosure in certain circumstances. ASU 2014-15 is intended to define
management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going
concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Specifically, ASU 2014-15 provides a definition of the term
"substantial doubt" and requires an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are
issued (or available to be issued). It also requires certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of
consideration of management’s plans and requires an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt
is not alleviated. The new standard will be effective for all entities in the first annual period ending after December 15,
2016 and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Earlier adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating
the impact the adoption of the guidance will have on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position, Statements of
Consolidated Operations or Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenues from Contracts with Customers. The new revenue
guidance broadly replaces the revenue guidance provided throughout the Codification. The core principle of the revenue
guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers
in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or
services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a
customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the
transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies
a performance obligation. The new revenue guidance also requires the capitalization of certain contract acquisition
costs. Reporting entities must prepare new disclosures providing qualitative and quantitative information on the nature,
amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. New disclosures also
include qualitative and quantitative information on significant judgments, changes in judgments, and contract acquisition
assets. At issuance, ASU 2014-09 was effective starting in 2017 for calendar-year public entities, and interim periods
within that year. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of
the Effective Date, which defers the adoption of ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15,
2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual
reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period.
We are still evaluating the impact of the updated guidance on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position,
Statements of Consolidated Operations or Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows.
100
Table of Contents
Issued and Adopted
In October 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This update
simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes, by requiring that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as
non-current in a classified statement of financial position. This update is effective for financial statements issued for
annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods; however, early
adoption is permitted. This guidance can also be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or
retrospectively to all periods presented. We adopted the guidance during the period ended December 31, 2015 and
have applied this amended accounting guidance to our deferred tax liabilities and assets for all periods presented. The
adoption of ASU 2015-17 did not have an impact on our Statements of Consolidated Operations or Statements of
Consolidated Cash Flows. The impact of the adoption of the guidance resulted in any current deferred tax assets or
liabilities being reclassified to non-current deferred tax assets or liabilities on the Statements of Consolidated Financial
Position. The current deferred tax assets were $23.7 million at December 31, 2014. The current deferred tax liabilities
were $4.0 million at December 31, 2014.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires
that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction
from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. This ASU requires retrospective adoption
and will be effective for us beginning in our first quarter of 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted the guidance
at December 31, 2015. The new guidance was applied retrospectively for reporting periods ending on or before December
31, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-03 did not have an impact on our Statements of Consolidated Operations or
Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows. The impact of the adoption of the guidance resulted in reclassification of the
unamortized debt issuance costs on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position from Other non-current assets
to Long-term debt. The unamortized debt issuance costs were $29.1 million and $16.8 million at December 31, 2015
and December 31, 2014, respectively.
NOTE 2 - SEGMENT REPORTING
Our continuing operations are organized and managed according to geographic location: U.S. Iron Ore and Asia
Pacific Iron Ore. The U.S. Iron Ore segment is comprised of our interests in five U.S. mines that provide iron ore to the
integrated steel industry. The Asia Pacific Iron Ore segment is located in Western Australia and provides iron ore to the
seaborne market for Asian steel producers. There were no intersegment product revenues in 2015 or 2014. Inter-segment
revenues for 2013 were eliminated in consolidation.
We have historically evaluated segment performance based on sales margin, defined as revenues less cost of
goods sold, and operating expenses identifiable to each segment. Additionally, beginning in the third quarter of 2014,
concurrent with the change in control on July 29, 2014, management began to evaluate segment performance based
on EBITDA, defined as net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization, and
Adjusted EBITDA, defined as EBITDA excluding certain items such as impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets,
impacts of discontinued operations, extinguishment of debt, severance and contractor termination costs and other costs
associated with the change in control, foreign currency remeasurement, certain supplies inventory write-offs, and
intersegment corporate allocations of selling, general and administrative costs. Management believes that investors
benefit from referring to these measures in evaluating operating and financial results, as well as in planning, forecasting
and analyzing future periods as these financial measures approximate the cash flows associated with the operational
earnings.
101
Table of Contents
The following tables present a summary of our reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2015,
2014 and 2013, including a reconciliation of segment sales margin to Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before
Income Taxes and Equity Loss from Ventures and a reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
Revenues from product sales and services:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other (including inter-segment revenue eliminations)
Total revenues from product sales and services
Sales margin:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Eliminations with discontinued operations
Other (including inter-segment sales margin
eliminations)
Sales margin
Other operating income (expense)
Other income (expense)
$ 1,525.4
487.9
76% $ 2,506.5
866.7
24%
— —%
74% $ 2,667.9
26%
1,224.3
— —%
$ 2,013.3
100% $ 3,373.2
100% $ 3,890.8
69%
31%
(1.4) —%
100%
$ 227.1
9.4
—
—
236.5
(85.2)
161.8
$ 710.4
121.7
53.6
—
885.7
(755.6)
(149.8)
$
901.9
367.1
217.3
(1.9)
1,484.4
(104.1)
(189.4)
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before
Income Taxes and Equity Loss from Ventures
$ 313.1
$
(19.7)
$ 1,190.9
102
Table of Contents
Net Income (Loss)
Less:
Interest expense, net
Income tax benefit (expense)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
EBITDA
Less:
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets
Impact of discontinued operations
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Severance and contractor termination costs
Foreign exchange remeasurement
Proxy contest and change in control in SG&A
Supplies inventory write-off
Total Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other (including discontinued operations)
Total EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other
Total Adjusted EBITDA
Depreciation, depletion and amortization:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization
Capital additions (1):
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Other
Total capital additions
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
$
(748.4) $
(8,311.6) $
361.8
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(231.4)
(163.3)
(134.0)
(219.7) $
(185.2)
1,302.0
(504.0)
(179.1)
(55.1)
(593.3)
(8,924.4) $
1,189.3
(3.3) $
(635.5) $
(892.0)
392.9
(10.2)
16.3
—
(16.3)
292.9 $
(9,332.5)
16.2
(23.3)
29.0
(26.6)
—
(14.3)
(398.4)
—
(16.6)
53.2
—
—
1,048.3 $
1,565.4
317.6 $
805.6 $
1,000.1
35.3
(572.6)
(219.7) $
(352.9)
(9,377.1)
543.0
(353.8)
(8,924.4) $
1,189.3
352.1 $
833.5 $
1,031.8
32.7
(91.9)
292.9 $
252.9
(38.1)
513.1
20.5
1,048.3 $
1,565.4
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
98.9 $
25.3
6.6
130.8 $
107.4 $
145.9
7.7
261.0 $
120.3
153.7
10.8
284.8
58.2 $
48.4 $
5.4
8.6
10.8
6.3
72.2 $
65.5 $
53.3
13.0
4.5
70.8
$
$
$
$
(1)
Includes capital lease additions and non-cash accruals. Refer to NOTE 17 - CASH FLOW INFORMATION.
103
Table of Contents
A summary of assets by segment is as follows:
Assets:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Total segment assets
Corporate
Assets of Discontinued Operations
Total assets
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
December 31,
2014
December 31,
2013
$
$
1,476.4 $
202.5
1,678.9
441.7
14.9
2,135.5 $
1,464.9 $
306.2
1,771.1
666.2
709.9
3,147.2 $
1,537.9
1,176.8
2,714.7
204.2
10,184.0
13,102.9
Included in the consolidated financial statements are the following amounts relating to geographic location:
Revenue
United States
China
Canada
Other countries
Total revenue
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
United States
Australia
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Concentrations in Revenue
(In Millions)
2015
2014
2013
$
$
$
$
1,206.4 $
370.8
282.4
153.7
2,013.3 $
1,923.2 $
662.7
430.5
356.8
1,543.9
1,165.3
758.5
423.1
3,373.2 $
3,890.8
1,012.7 $
46.3
1,059.0 $
998.1 $
1,120.6
72.4
750.2
1,070.5 $
1,870.8
In 2015, 2014 and 2013 three customers accounted for more than 10 percent of our consolidated product revenue.
Total product revenue from these customers represents approximately $1.3 billion, $1.9 billion and $1.9 billion of our
total consolidated product revenue in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and is attributable to our U.S. Iron Ore business
segment.
The following table represents the percentage of our total revenue contributed by each category of products and
services in 2015, 2014, and 2013:
Revenue Category
Iron ore
Freight and venture partners’ cost reimbursements
Total revenue
2015
2014
2013
91%
9%
92%
8%
100% 100%
93%
7%
100%
104
Table of Contents
NOTE 3 - INVENTORIES
The following table presents the detail of our Inventories in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position
as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Segment
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Total
(In Millions)
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2014
Finished
Goods
Work-in
Process
Total
Inventory
Finished
Goods
Work-in
Process
Total
Inventory
$
$
252.3 $
11.7 $
264.0 $
132.1 $
13.5 $
20.8
44.8
65.6
26.4
88.1
273.1 $
56.5 $
329.6 $
158.5 $
101.6 $
145.6
114.5
260.1
Asia Pacific Iron Ore had long-term work-in-process stockpiles of $6.8 million classified as Other non-current
assets in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position at December 31, 2015. There were no long-term work-in-
process stockpiles as of December 31, 2014.
U.S. Iron Ore
The excess of current cost over LIFO cost of iron ore inventories was $87.8 million and $119.0 million at
December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the product inventory balance for U.S. Iron Ore
increased, resulting in a LIFO increment in 2015. The effect of the inventory build was an increase in Inventories of
$118.8 million in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position for the year ended December 31, 2015. As of
December 31, 2014, the product inventory balance for U.S. Iron Ore increased, resulting in a LIFO increment in 2014.
The effect of the inventory build was an increase in Inventories of $44.8 million in the Statements of Consolidated Financial
Position for the year ended December 31, 2014.
NOTE 4 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The following table indicates the value of each of the major classes of our consolidated depreciable assets as
of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Land rights and mineral rights
Office and information technology
Buildings
Mining equipment
Processing equipment
Electric power facilities
Land improvements
Asset retirement obligation
Other
Construction in-progress
Allowance for depreciation and depletion
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
2014
$
$
500.5 $
71.0
60.4
594.0
516.8
46.4
24.8
87.9
28.2
40.3
1,970.3
(911.3)
1,059.0 $
500.5
73.7
59.8
585.1
510.2
46.8
24.7
26.5
28.5
14.4
1,870.2
(799.7)
1,070.5
We recorded depreciation expense of $119.2 million, $173.0 million and $191.5 million in the Statements of
Consolidated Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
During the second half of 2014, due to lower than previously expected profits as a result of decreased iron ore
pricing expectations and increased costs, we determined that indicators of impairment with respect to certain of our long-
lived assets or asset groups existed. Our asset groups generally consist of the assets and liabilities of one or more
105
Table of Contents
mines, preparation plants and associated reserves for which the lowest level of identifiable cash flows largely are
independent of cash flows of other mines, preparation plants and associated reserves.
As a result of these assessments during 2014, we determined that the future cash flows associated with our
Asia Pacific Iron Ore asset group and other asset groups were not sufficient to support the recoverability of the carrying
value of these productive assets. Accordingly, during 2014, an other long-lived asset impairment charge of $537.8 million
was recorded as Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets in the Statements of Consolidated Operations related
to property, plant and equipment. The fair value estimates were calculated using income and market approaches. Refer
to NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS for further discussion of these impairments and related fair
value estimates.
Although certain factors indicated that the carrying value of certain asset groups may not be recoverable during
2015, an assessment was performed and no further impairment was indicated for the year ended December 31, 2015.
The net book value of the land rights and mineral rights as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
Land rights
Mineral rights:
Cost
Depletion
Net mineral rights
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
2014
11.6 $
11.6
488.9 $
(108.4)
380.5 $
488.9
(101.0)
387.9
$
$
$
Accumulated depletion relating to mineral rights, which was recorded using the unit-of-production method, is
included in Cost of goods sold and operating expenses. We recorded depletion expense of $7.4 million, $79.6 million
and $84.9 million in the Statements of Consolidated Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013,
respectively. As discussed above, during 2014 we performed impairment assessments with respect to certain of our
long-lived assets or asset groups. As a result of these assessments, we recorded an other long-lived asset impairment
charge related to mineral rights of $297.2 million associated primarily with our Asia Pacific Iron Ore asset group.
NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES
The following represents a summary of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
($ in Millions)
December 31, 2015
Debt Instrument
$700 Million 4.875% 2021 Senior Notes
$1.3 Billion Senior Notes:
$500 Million 4.80% 2020 Senior Notes
$800 Million 6.25% 2040 Senior Notes
$400 Million 5.90% 2020 Senior Notes
$500 Million 3.95% 2018 Senior Notes
$540 Million 8.25% 2020 First Lien Notes
$544.2 Million 7.75% 2020 Second Lien Notes
$550 Million ABL Facility:
ABL Facility
Fair Value Adjustment to Interest Rate Hedge
Total debt
Type
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Annual
Effective
Interest
Rate
Final
Maturity
Total
Principal
Amount
Total Debt
4.89%
2021
$
412.5 $
410.6 (1)
4.83%
6.34%
5.98%
6.30%
9.97%
15.55%
2020
2040
2020
2018
2020
2020
306.7
492.8
290.8
311.2
540.0
544.2
305.2 (2)
482.7 (3)
288.9 (4)
309.1 (5)
497.4 (6)
403.2 (7)
— (8)
2.3
Variable
N/A
2020
550.0
$ 3,448.2 $ 2,699.4
106
Table of Contents
Debt Instrument
$700 Million 4.875% 2021 Senior Notes
$1.3 Billion Senior Notes:
$500 Million 4.80% 2020 Senior Notes
$800 Million 6.25% 2040 Senior Notes
$400 Million 5.90% 2020 Senior Notes
$500 Million 3.95% 2018 Senior Notes
$1.125 Billion Credit Facility:
Revolving Credit Agreement
Fair Value Adjustment to Interest Rate Hedge
Long-term debt
($ in Millions)
December 31, 2014
Annual
Effective
Interest
Rate
4.89%
4.83%
6.34%
5.98%
5.17%
Type
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Final
Maturity
Total Face
Amount
Total Debt
2021
$
690.0 $
686.0 (1)
2020
2040
2020
2018
490.0
800.0
395.0
480.0
487.2 (2)
783.3 (3)
391.9 (4)
475.3 (5)
— (9)
2.8
$ 3,980.0 $ 2,826.5
Variable
2.94%
2017
1,125.0
(1)
(2)
During the third quarter of 2015, we purchased $10.7 million of outstanding 4.875 percent senior notes that were
trading at 50.0 percent of par which resulted in a gain on extinguishment of $5.3 million. In addition, during the
first quarter of 2015, we purchased $58.3 million of outstanding 4.875 percent senior notes that were trading at
52.0 percent of par, which resulted in a gain on extinguishment of $20.0 million. Also during the first quarter, on
March 27, 2015, we exchanged as part of a tender offer $208.5 million of the 4.875 percent senior notes for
$170.3 million of the 7.75 percent second lien notes at a discount of $46.0 million based on an imputed interest
rate of 15.55 percent, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of $83.1 million, net of amounts expensed for
unamortized original issue discount and deferred origination fees.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, we purchased $10.0 million of outstanding 4.875 percent senior notes that
were trading at a discount of 40.5 percent which resulted in a gain on the extinguishment of debt of $4.1 million.
As of December 31, 2015, the $700.0 million 4.875 percent senior notes were recorded at a par value of $412.5
million less debt issuance costs of $1.7 million and unamortized discounts of $0.2 million, based on an imputed
interest rate of 4.89 percent. As of December 31, 2014, the $700.0 million 4.875 percent senior notes were
recorded at a par value of $690.0 million less debt issuance costs of $3.5 million and unamortized discounts of
$0.5 million, based on an imputed interest rate of 4.89 percent.
During the third quarter of 2015, we purchased $1.8 million of outstanding 4.80 percent senior notes that were
trading at 50.0 percent of par, which resulted in a gain on extinguishment of $0.9 million. In addition, during the
first quarter of 2015, we purchased $43.8 million of outstanding 4.80 percent senior notes that were trading at
54.3 percent of par, which resulted in a gain on extinguishment of $15.6 million. Also during the first quarter, on
March 27, 2015, we exchanged as part of a tender offer $137.8 million of the 4.80 percent senior notes for $112.9
million of the 7.75 percent second lien notes at a discount of $30.5 million based on an imputed interest rate of
15.55 percent, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of $54.6 million, net of amounts expensed for unamortized
original issue discount and deferred origination fees.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, we purchased $10.0 million of outstanding 4.80 percent senior notes that were
trading at a discount of 40.25 percent which resulted in a gain on the extinguishment of debt of $4.0 million.
As of December 31, 2015, the $500.0 million 4.80 percent senior notes were recorded at a par value of $306.7
million less debt issuance costs of $1.1 million and unamortized discounts of $0.4 million, based on an imputed
interest rate of 4.83 percent. As of December 31, 2014, the $500.0 million 4.80 percent senior notes were
recorded at a par value of $490.0 million less debt issuance costs of $2.2 million and unamortized discounts of
$0.6 million, based on an imputed interest rate of 4.83 percent.
107
Table of Contents
(3)
(4)
During the first quarter of 2015, we purchased $45.9 million of outstanding 6.25 percent senior notes that were
trading at 52.5 percent of par, which resulted in a gain on extinguishment of $15.0 million. Also during the first
quarter, on March 27, 2015, we exchanged as part of a tender offer $261.3 million of the 6.25 percent senior
notes for $203.5 million of the 7.75 percent second lien notes at a discount of $55.0 million based on an imputed
interest rate of 15.55 percent, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of $107.3 million, net of amounts expensed
for unamortized original issue discount and deferred origination fees.
As of December 31, 2015, the $800.0 million 6.25 percent senior notes were recorded at par value of $492.8
million less debt issuance costs of $4.3 million and unamortized discounts of $5.8 million, based on an imputed
interest rate of 6.34 percent. As of December 31, 2014, the $800.0 million 6.25 percent senior notes were
recorded at par value of $800.0 million less debt issuance costs of $7.2 million and unamortized discounts of
$9.5 million, based on an imputed interest rate of 6.34 percent.
During the third quarter of 2015, we purchased $36.0 million of outstanding 5.90 percent senior notes that were
trading at 50.0 percent of par, which resulted in a gain on extinguishment of $18.0 million. In addition, during the
first quarter of 2015, we purchased $1.3 million of outstanding 5.90 percent senior notes that were trading at
58.0 percent of par, which resulted in a gain on extinguishment of $0.3 million. Also during the first quarter, on
March 27, 2015, we exchanged as part of a tender offer $67.0 million of the 5.90 percent senior notes for $57.5
million of the 7.75 percent second lien notes at a discount of $15.5 million based on an imputed interest rate of
15.55 percent, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of $24.5 million, net of amounts expensed for unamortized
original issue discount and deferred origination fees.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, we purchased $5.0 million of outstanding 5.90 percent senior notes that were
trading at a discount of 38.125 percent which resulted in a gain on the extinguishment of debt of $1.9 million.
As of December 31, 2015, the $400.0 million 5.90 percent senior notes were recorded at a par value of $290.8
million less debt issuance costs of $1.1 million and unamortized discounts of $0.8 million, based on an imputed
interest rate of 5.98 percent. As of December 31, 2014, the $400.0 million 5.90 percent senior notes were
recorded at a par value of $395.0 million less debt issuance costs of $1.8 million and unamortized discounts of
$1.3 million, based on an imputed interest rate of 5.98 percent.
(5)
During the third quarter, on August 28, 2015, we purchased for cash as part of a tender offer, $124.8 million of
the 3.95 percent senior notes for $68.6 million, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of $54.9 million, net of
amounts expensed for reacquisition costs, unamortized original issue discount and deferred origination fees. In
addition, during the first quarter of 2015, we purchased $44.0 million of outstanding 3.95 percent senior notes
that were trading at 77.5 percent of par, which resulted in a gain on the extinguishment of debt of $7.1 million.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, we purchased $20.0 million of outstanding 3.95 percent senior notes that were
trading at a discount of 30.875 percent which resulted in a gain on the extinguishment of debt of $6.2 million.
As of December 31, 2015, the $500.0 million 3.95 percent senior notes were recorded at a par value of $311.2
million less debt issuance cost of $0.9 million and unamortized discounts of $1.2 million, based on an imputed
interest rate of 6.30 percent. As of December 31, 2014, the $500.0 million 3.95 percent senior notes were
recorded at a par value of $480.0 million less debt issuance costs of $2.1 million and unamortized discounts of
$2.6 million, based on an imputed interest rate of 5.17 percent.
As of December 31, 2015, the $540.0 million 8.25 percent first lien notes were recorded at a par value of $540.0
million less debt issuance costs of $10.5 million and unamortized discounts of $32.1 million, based on an imputed
interest rate of 9.97 percent.
As of December 31, 2015, the $544.2 million 7.75 percent second lien notes were recorded at a par value of
$544.2 million less debt issuance costs of $9.5 million and unamortized discounts of $131.5 million, based on
an imputed interest rate of 15.55 percent. See NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS for
further discussion of unamortized discount as a result of the exchange offers.
As of December 31, 2015, no loans were drawn under the $550.0 million ABL Facility and we had total availability
of $366.0 million as a result of borrowing base limitations. As of December 31, 2015, the principal amount of
letter of credit obligations totaled $186.3 million and commodity hedge obligations totaled $0.5 million, thereby
further reducing available borrowing capacity on our ABL Facility to $179.2 million.
(6)
(7)
(8)
108
Table of Contents
(9)
As of December 31, 2014, we had no revolving loans drawn under the revolving credit agreement, which had
total availability of $1.125 billion as of December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the principal amount of
letter of credit obligations totaled $149.5 million, thereby reducing available borrowing capacity to $975.5 million.
Revolving Credit Facility
As of March 30, 2015, we eliminated the revolving credit agreement which was last amended on January 22,
2015 (Amendment No. 6). The revolving credit agreement was replaced with our ABL Facility.
As of December 31, 2014, we were in compliance with all applicable financial covenants related to the revolving
credit agreement.
ABL Facility
On March 30, 2015, we entered into a new senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility with various
financial institutions. The ABL Facility will mature upon the earlier of March 30, 2020 or 60 days prior to the maturity of
the New First Lien Notes (as defined below) and certain other material debt, and provides for up to $550.0 million in
borrowings, comprised of (i) a $450.0 million U.S. tranche, including a $250.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters
of credit and a $100.0 million sublimit for U.S. swingline loans, and (ii) a $100.0 million Australian tranche, including a
$50.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $20.0 million sublimit for Australian swingline loans.
Availability under both the U.S. tranche and Australian tranche of the ABL Facility is limited to an eligible U.S. borrowing
base and Australian borrowing base, as applicable, determined by applying customary advance rates to eligible accounts
receivable, inventory and certain mobile equipment.
The ABL Facility and certain bank products and hedge obligations are guaranteed by us and certain of our
existing wholly-owned U.S. and Australian subsidiaries and are required to be guaranteed by certain of our future U.S.
and Australian subsidiaries; provided, however, that the obligations of any U.S. entity will not be guaranteed by any
Australian entity. Amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility will be secured by (i) a first-priority security interest in the
ABL Collateral (as defined herein), including, in the case of the Australian tranche only, ABL Collateral owned by a
borrower or guarantor that is organized under the laws of Australia, and (ii) a third-priority security interest in the Notes
Collateral (as defined herein). The priority of the security interests in the ABL Collateral and the Notes Collateral of the
lenders under the ABL Facility and the holders of the First Lien Notes are set forth in intercreditor provisions contained
in an ABL intercreditor agreement.
The ABL Collateral generally consists of the following assets: accounts receivable and other rights to payment,
inventory, as-extracted collateral, investment property, certain general intangibles and commercial tort claims, certain
mobile equipment, commodities accounts, deposit accounts, securities accounts and other related assets and proceeds
and products of each of the foregoing.
Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest, at our option, at a base rate, an Australian base rate or, if certain
conditions are met, a LIBOR rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The base rate is equal to the greater of the
federal funds rate plus ½ of 1 percent, the LIBOR rate based on a one-month interest period plus 1 percent and the
floating rate announced by BAML as its “prime rate.” The Australian base rate is equal to the LIBOR rate as of 11:00
a.m. on the first business day of each month for a one-month period. The LIBOR rate is a per annum fixed rate equal
to LIBOR with respect to the applicable interest period and amount of LIBOR rate loan requested.
The ABL Facility contains customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants
including, among others, covenants regarding the maintenance of certain financial ratios if certain conditions are triggered,
covenants relating to financial reporting, covenants relating to the payment of dividends on, or purchase or redemption
of our capital stock, covenants relating to the incurrence or prepayment of certain debt, covenants relating to the incurrence
of liens or encumbrances, compliance with laws, transactions with affiliates, mergers and sales of all or substantially all
of our assets and limitations on changes in the nature of our business.
The ABL Facility provides for customary events of default, including, among other things, the event of nonpayment
of principal, interest, fees, or other amounts, a representation or warranty proving to have been materially incorrect when
made, failure to perform or observe certain covenants within a specified period of time, a cross-default to certain material
indebtedness, the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, monetary judgment defaults
of a specified amount, invalidity of any loan documentation, a change of control of the Company, and ERISA defaults
resulting in liability of a specified amount. In the event of a default by us (beyond any applicable grace or cure period, if
any), the administrative agent may and, at the direction of the requisite number of lenders, shall declare all amounts
owing under the ABL Facility immediately due and payable, terminate such lenders’ commitments to make loans under
the ABL Facility and/or exercise any and all remedies and other rights under the ABL Facility. For certain defaults related
109
Table of Contents
to insolvency and receivership, the commitments of the lenders will be automatically terminated and all outstanding loans
and other amounts will become immediately due and payable.
As of December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with the ABL Facility liquidity requirements and, therefore, the
springing financial covenant requiring a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 was not applicable.
$540 Million 8.25 percent 2020 Senior Secured First Lien Notes - 2015 Offering
On March 30, 2015, we entered into an indenture among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S.
Bank National Association, as trustee and notes collateral agent, relating to our issuance of $540 million aggregate
principal amount of 8.25 percent Senior First Lien Notes due 2020 (the "First Lien Notes"). The First Lien Notes were
sold on March 30, 2015 in a private transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
The First Lien Notes bear interest at a rate of 8.25 percent per annum. Interest on the First Liens Notes is
payable semi-annually in arrears on March 31 and September 30 of each year, commencing on September 30, 2015.
The First Lien Notes mature on March 31, 2020 and are secured senior obligations of the Company.
The First Lien Notes are jointly and severally and fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior secured basis
by substantially all of our material U.S. subsidiaries and are secured (subject in each case to certain exceptions and
permitted liens) by (i) a first-priority lien on substantially all of our U.S. assets, other than the ABL Collateral (the "Notes
Collateral"), and (ii) a second-priority lien on the U.S. ABL Collateral, which is junior to a first-priority lien for the benefit
of the lenders under the ABL Facility. The First Lien Notes and guarantees are general senior obligations of the Company
and the applicable guarantor; are effectively senior to all of our unsecured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of
the collateral; together with other obligations secured equally and ratably with the First Lien Notes, are effectively (i)
senior to our existing and future ABL obligations, to the extent and value of the Notes Collateral and (ii) senior to our
obligations under the Second Lien Notes, to the extent and value of the collateral; are effectively subordinated to (i) our
existing and future ABL obligations, to the extent and value of the ABL Collateral, and (ii) any existing or future indebtedness
that is secured by liens on assets that do not constitute a part of the collateral, to the extent of the value of such assets;
will rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness, and any guarantees thereof; will
rank equally in priority as to the Notes Collateral with any future debt secured equally and ratably with the First Lien
Notes incurred after March 30, 2015; rank senior in right of payment to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness;
and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries that do not
guarantee the First Lien Notes. The relative priority of the liens securing our First Lien Notes obligations and Second
Lien Notes obligations compared to the liens securing our obligations under the ABL Facility and certain other matters
relating to the administration of security interests are set forth in intercreditor agreements.
The terms of the First Lien Notes are governed by the First Lien Notes indenture. The First Lien Notes indenture
contains customary covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur secured indebtedness, create liens on
principal property and the capital stock or debt of a subsidiary that owns a principal property, use proceeds of dispositions
of collateral, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, merge or consolidate with another company, and transfer or sell
all or substantially all of our assets. Upon the occurrence of a “change of control triggering event,” as defined in the
indenture, we are required to offer to repurchase the First Lien Notes at 101 percent of the aggregate principal amount
thereof, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date.
We may redeem any of the First Lien Notes beginning on March 31, 2018. The initial redemption price is 108.25
percent of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. The
redemption price will decline after 2018 and will be 100 percent of their principal amount, plus accrued interest, beginning
on June 30, 2019. We may also redeem some or all of the First Lien Notes at any time and from time to time prior to
March 31, 2018 at a price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount thereof plus a “make-whole” premium, plus
accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, at any time and from time to time
on or prior to March 31, 2018, we may redeem in the aggregate up to 35 percent of the original aggregate principal
amount of the First Lien Notes (calculated after giving effect to any issuance of additional First Lien Notes) with the net
cash proceeds of certain equity offerings, at a redemption price of 108.25 percent, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if
any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, so long as at least 65 percent of the original aggregate principal amount of
the First Lien Notes (calculated after giving effect to any issuance of additional First Lien Notes) issued under the First
Lien Notes indenture remain outstanding after each such redemption.
The First Lien Notes indenture contains customary events of default, including failure to make required payments,
failure to comply with certain agreements or covenants, failure to pay or acceleration of certain other indebtedness,
certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency, and failure to pay certain judgments. An event of default under the First
Lien indenture will allow either the trustee or the holders of at least 25 percent in aggregate principal amount of the then-
110
Table of Contents
outstanding First Lien Notes issued under such indenture to accelerate, or in certain cases, will automatically cause the
acceleration of the amounts due under the First Lien Notes.
$544 Million 7.75 percent 2020 Senior Secured Second Lien Notes - 2015 Offering
On March 30, 2015, we also entered into an indenture among the Company, the guarantors and U.S. Bank
National Association, as trustee and notes collateral agent, relating to our issuance of $544.2 million aggregate principal
amount of 7.75 percent second lien senior secured notes due 2020 (the "Second Lien Notes"). The Second Lien Notes
were issued on March 30, 2015 in exchange offers for certain of our existing senior notes.
The Second Lien Notes bear interest at a rate of 7.75 percent per annum. Interest on the Second Lien Notes
is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 31 and September 30 of each year, commencing on September 30, 2015.
The Second Lien Notes mature on March 31, 2020 and are secured senior obligations of the Company.
The Second Lien Notes have substantially similar terms to those of the First Lien Notes except with respect to
their priority security interest in the collateral. The Second Lien Notes are jointly and severally and fully and unconditionally
guaranteed on a senior secured basis by substantially all of our material U.S. subsidiaries and are secured (subject in
each case to certain exceptions and permitted liens) by (i) a second-priority lien (junior to the First Lien Notes) on
substantially all of our U.S. assets, other than the ABL Collateral, and (ii) a third-priority lien (junior to the ABL Facility
and the First Lien Notes) on the U.S. ABL Collateral.
The Company may redeem any of the Second Lien Notes beginning on March 31, 2017. The initial redemption
price is 103.875 percent of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption
date. The redemption price will decline each year after March 31, 2017 and will be 100 percent of their principal amount,
plus accrued interest, beginning on March 31, 2019. The Company may also redeem some or all of the Second Lien
Notes at any time and from time to time prior to March 31, 2017 at a price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount
thereof plus a “make-whole” premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.
In addition, at any time and from time to time on or prior to March 31, 2017, the Company may redeem in the aggregate
up to 35 percent of the original aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes (calculated after giving effect to
any issuance of additional Second Lien Notes) with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings, at a redemption
price of 107.75 percent, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, so long as at
least 65 percent of the original aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes (calculated after giving effect to
any issuance of additional Second Lien Notes) issued under the Second Lien Notes Indenture remain outstanding after
each such redemption.
$500 Million Senior Notes — 2012 Offering
On December 6, 2012, we completed a $500 million public offering of senior notes at 3.95 percent due January
15, 2018. Interest is fixed and is payable on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on July 15, 2013 until
maturity. The senior notes are unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all our other existing and
future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. There are no subsidiary guarantees of the interest and principal
amounts.
The senior notes may be redeemed any time at our option not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days after
prior notice is sent to the holders of the applicable series of notes. The senior notes are redeemable at a redemption
price equal to the greater of (1) 100 percent of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or (2) the sum of the
present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the notes to be redeemed, discounted
to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the treasury rate plus 50 basis points with respect to the 2018 senior
notes, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption.
In addition, if a change of control triggering event occurs with respect to the senior notes, as defined in the
agreement, we will be required to offer to purchase the notes of the applicable series at a purchase price equal to 101
percent of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.
The terms of the senior notes contain certain customary covenants; however, there are no financial covenants.
Interest Rate Adjustment Based on Rating Events
The interest rate payable on the $500.0 million 3.95 percent senior notes may be subject to adjustments from
time to time if either Moody's or S&P or, in either case, any Substitute Rating Agency thereof downgrades (or subsequently
upgrades) the debt rating assigned to the senior notes. In no event shall (1) the interest rate for the senior notes be
reduced to below the interest rate payable on the senior notes on the date of the initial issuance of senior notes or (2)
the total increase in the interest rate on the senior notes exceed 2.00 percent above the interest rate payable on the
111
Table of Contents
senior notes on the date of the initial issuance of senior notes. During 2014, the interest rate payable on the $500.0
million 3.95 percent senior notes was increased from 3.95 percent ultimately to 5.70 percent based on Substitute Rating
Agency downgrades throughout the year. During the first quarter of 2015, subsequent to a downgrade, the interest rate
was further increased and is currently at the maximum interest rate of 5.95 percent per annum.
$1 Billion Senior Notes — 2011 Offering
On March 23, 2011 and April 1, 2011, respectively, we completed a $1 billion public offering of senior notes
consisting of two tranches: a 10-year tranche of $700 million aggregate principal amount at 4.88 percent senior notes
due April 1, 2021, and a 30-year tranche of $300 million aggregate principal amount at 6.25 percent senior notes due
October 1, 2040, of which $500 million aggregate principal amount previously was issued during September 2010.
Interest is fixed and is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2011, for both series of
senior notes until maturity. The senior notes are unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all our
other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. There are no subsidiary guarantees of the interest
and principal amounts. The net proceeds from the senior notes offering were used to fund a portion of the acquisition
of Consolidated Thompson and to pay the related fees and expenses.
The senior notes may be redeemed any time at our option not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days after
prior notice is sent to the holders of the applicable series of notes. The senior notes are redeemable at a redemption
price equal to the greater of (1) 100 percent of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or (2) the sum of the
present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the notes to be redeemed, discounted
to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the treasury rate plus 25 basis points with respect to the 2021 senior
notes and 40 basis points with respect to the 2040 senior notes, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest to the
date of redemption. However, if the 2021 senior notes are redeemed on or after the date that is three months prior to
their maturity date, the 2021 senior notes will be redeemed at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal
amount of the notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption.
In addition, if a change of control triggering event occurs with respect to the senior notes, as defined in the
agreement, we will be required to offer to purchase the notes of the applicable series at a purchase price equal to 101
percent of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.
The terms of the senior notes contain certain customary covenants; however, there are no financial covenants.
$1 Billion Senior Notes — 2010 Offering
On September 20, 2010, we completed a $1 billion public offering of senior notes consisting of two tranches: a
10-year tranche of $500 million aggregate principal amount at 4.80 percent due October 1, 2020, and a 30-year tranche
of $500 million aggregate principal amount at 6.25 percent due October 1, 2040. Interest is fixed and is payable on
April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2011, for both series of senior notes until maturity. The senior
notes are unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our other existing and future senior
unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. There are no subsidiary guarantees of the interest and principal amounts.
A portion of the net proceeds from the senior notes offering was used on September 22, 2010 to repay $350
million outstanding under our credit facility. A portion of the net proceeds was also used for general corporate purposes,
including funding of capital expenditures and were used to fund a portion of the acquisition of Consolidated Thompson
and related expenses.
The senior notes may be redeemed any time at our option not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days after
prior notice is sent to the holders of the applicable series of notes. The senior notes are redeemable at a redemption
price equal to the greater of (1) 100 percent of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or (2) the sum of the
present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the notes to be redeemed, discounted
to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the treasury rate plus 35 basis points with respect to the 2020 senior
notes and 40 basis points with respect to the 2040 senior notes, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest to the
date of redemption. In addition, if a change of control triggering event occurs with respect to the notes, we will be required
to offer to purchase the notes at a purchase price equal to 101 percent of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid
interest to the date of purchase.
The terms of the senior notes contain certain customary covenants; however, there are no financial covenants.
112
Table of Contents
$400 Million Senior Notes Offering — 2010 Offering
On March 17, 2010, we completed a $400 million public offering of senior notes due March 15, 2020. Interest
at a fixed rate of 5.90 percent is payable on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15,
2010, until maturity on March 15, 2020. The senior notes are unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment
with all of our other existing and future senior unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. There are no subsidiary
guarantees of the interest and principal amounts.
A portion of the net proceeds from the senior notes offering was used on March 31, 2010 to repay our $200
million term loan under our credit facility, as well as to repay on May 27, 2010 our share of Amapá’s remaining debt
outstanding of $100.8 million. In addition, we used the remainder of the net proceeds to help fund the acquisitions of
Spider and CLCC during the third quarter of 2010.
The senior notes may be redeemed any time at our option not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days after
prior notice is sent to the holders of the applicable series of notes. The senior notes are redeemable at a redemption
price equal to the greater of (1) 100 percent of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed or (2) the sum of the
present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest on the notes to be redeemed, discounted
to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. In addition,
if a change of control triggering event occurs, we will be required to offer to purchase the notes at a purchase price equal
to 101 percent of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase.
The terms of the senior notes contain certain customary covenants; however, there are no financial covenants.
Letters of Credit
We issued standby letters of credit with certain financial institutions in order to support business obligations
including, but not limited to, workers compensation and environmental obligations. As of December 31, 2015 and
December 31, 2014, these letter of credit obligations totaled $186.3 million and $149.5 million, respectively.
Debt Maturities
The following represents a summary of our maturities of debt instruments, excluding borrowings on the ABL
Facility, based on the principal amounts outstanding at December 31, 2015:
(In Millions)
Maturities of Debt
—
$
—
311.2
—
1,681.7
905.3
2,898.2
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021 and thereafter
Total maturities of debt
$
113
Table of Contents
NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following represents the assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value at December 31,
2015 and 2014:
(In Millions)
December 31, 2015
Quoted Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical Assets/
Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
$
$
$
$
30.0 $
—
30.0 $
— $
— $
— $
—
— $
0.6 $
0.6 $
— $
7.8
7.8 $
3.4 $
3.4 $
30.0
7.8
37.8
4.0
4.0
(In Millions)
December 31, 2014
Quoted Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets/Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
$
$
$
$
— $
4.3
4.3 $
— $
—
— $
— $
—
— $
— $
31.5
31.5 $
63.2 $
—
63.2 $
9.5 $
—
9.5 $
63.2
4.3
67.5
9.5
31.5
41.0
Description
Assets:
Cash equivalents
Derivative assets
Total
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities
Total
Description
Assets:
Derivative assets
Available-for-sale marketable
securities
Total
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities
Foreign exchange contracts
Total
Financial assets classified in Level 1 at December 31, 2015 include money market funds. Financial assets
classified in Level 1 at December 31, 2014 include available-for-sale marketable securities. The valuation of these
instruments is based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets.
The valuation of financial assets and liabilities classified in Level 2 is determined using a market approach
based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable. Level
2 securities primarily include derivative financial instruments valued using financial models that use as their basis readily
observable market parameters. At December 31, 2015, such derivative financial instruments included our commodity
hedge contracts. The fair value of the commodity hedge contracts is based on forward market prices and represents
the estimated amount we would receive or pay to terminate these agreements at the reporting date, taking into account
creditworthiness, nonperformance risk and liquidity risks associated with current market conditions. At December 31,
2014, such derivative financial instruments included our foreign currency exchange contracts. The fair value of the
foreign currency exchange contracts was based on forward market prices and represented the estimated amount we
would receive or pay to terminate these agreements at the reporting date, taking into account creditworthiness,
nonperformance risk and liquidity risks associated with current market conditions.
114
Table of Contents
The derivative assets classified within Level 3 at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 primarily relate
to a freestanding derivative instrument related to certain supply agreements with one of our U.S. Iron Ore customers.
The agreements include provisions for supplemental revenue or refunds based on the customer’s annual steel pricing
at the time the product is consumed in the customer’s blast furnaces. We account for this provision as a derivative
instrument at the time of sale and adjust this provision to fair value as an adjustment to Product revenues each reporting
period until the product is consumed and the amounts are settled. The fair value of the instrument is determined using
a market approach based on an estimate of the annual realized price of hot-rolled steel at the steelmaker’s facilities,
and takes into consideration current market conditions and nonperformance risk.
The Level 3 derivative assets and liabilities at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 also consisted of
derivatives related to certain provisional pricing arrangements with our U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore customers.
These provisional pricing arrangements specify provisional price calculations, where the pricing mechanisms generally
are based on market pricing, with the final revenue rate to be based on market inputs at a specified point in time in the
future, per the terms of the supply agreements. The difference between the estimated final revenue at the date of sale
and the estimated final revenue rate is characterized as a derivative and is required to be accounted for separately
once the revenue has been recognized. The derivative instrument is adjusted to fair value through Product revenues
each reporting period based upon current market data and forward-looking estimates provided by management until
the final revenue rate is determined.
The following table illustrates information about quantitative inputs and assumptions for the derivative assets
and derivative liabilities categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
Qualitative/Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions)
Provisional Pricing
Arrangements
Customer Supply
Agreement
Fair Value
at
12/31/2015
Balance
Sheet
Location
$
$
$
2.0 Other current
assets
3.4 Other current
liabilities
5.8 Other current
assets
Valuation
Technique
Unobservable Input
Range or Point
Estimate
(Weighted
Average)
Market
Approach
Management's
Estimate of 62% Fe
$43
Market
Approach
Hot-Rolled Steel
Estimate
$415 - $450
($430)
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the reporting entity’s provisional pricing
arrangements is management’s estimate of 62 percent Fe fines spot price based upon current market data, including
historical seasonality and forward-looking estimates determined by management. Significant increases or decreases
in this input would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively.
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the reporting entity’s customer supply
agreements is the future hot-rolled steel price that is estimated based on current market data, analysts' projections,
projections provided by the customer and forward-looking estimates determined by management. Significant increases
or decreases in this input would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively.
115
Table of Contents
We recognize any transfers between levels as of the beginning of the reporting period, including both transfers
into and out of levels. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the years
ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. The following tables represent a reconciliation of the changes in fair value of
financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the
years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
(In Millions)
Derivative Assets
(Level 3)
Derivative Liabilities
(Level 3)
Year Ended
December 31,
Year Ended
December 31,
2015
2014
2015
2014
Beginning balance - January 1
$
63.2 $
57.7 $
(9.5) $
(1.0)
Total gains (losses)
Included in earnings
Settlements
Transfers into Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3
Ending balance - December 31
Total gains (losses) for the period included in earnings
attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) on
assets still held at the reporting date
$
$
35.1
(90.5)
—
187.8
(182.3)
—
(61.0)
67.1
—
—
7.8 $
—
63.2 $
—
(3.4) $
(9.5)
1.0
—
—
(9.5)
29.1 $
187.8 $
(3.4) $
(9.5)
Gains and losses included in earnings are reported in Product revenues in the Statements of Consolidated
Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
The carrying amount for certain financial instruments (e.g. Accounts receivable, net, Accounts payable and
Accrued expenses) approximate fair value and, therefore, have been excluded from the table below. A summary of the
carrying amount and fair value of other financial instruments at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
(In Millions)
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2014
Classification
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Long-term debt:
Senior Notes—$700 million
Senior Notes—$1.3 billion
Senior Notes—$400 million
Senior Notes—$500 million
Senior First Lien Notes—$540 million
Senior Second Lien Notes—$544.2 million
ABL Facility
Fair Value Adjustment to Interest Rate Hedge
Level 1
Level 1
Level 1
Level 1
Level 1
Level 1
Level 2
Level 2
$
410.6 $
69.4 $
686.0 $
367.3
787.9
288.9
309.1
497.4
403.2
—
2.3
137.4
1,270.5
52.8
87.1
414.5
134.7
—
2.3
391.9
475.3
—
—
—
2.8
704.0
228.1
312.0
—
—
—
2.8
Total long-term debt
$ 2,699.4 $
898.2 $ 2,826.5 $ 1,614.2
The fair value of long-term debt was determined using quoted market prices or discounted cash flows based
upon current borrowing rates. The revolving loan and equipment loan facilities are variable rate interest and approximate
fair value. See NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES for further information.
116
Table of Contents
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The following tables present information about the impairment charges on both financial and nonfinancial assets
and liabilities that were measured on a fair value basis at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. There were no
financial and non-financial assets and liabilities that were measured on a non-recurring fair value basis at December
31, 2015. The tables also indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques used to determine such fair value.
(In Millions)
March 31, 2015
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets/
Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Total
Gains
$
$
— $
— $
397.2 $
397.2 $
— $
— $
397.2 $
397.2 $
269.5
269.5
Description
Liabilities:
$544.2 Million 7.75% 2020 Second Lien Notes
The $544.2 million 7.75 percent Second Lien Notes issued in the exchange offers were recorded as an
extinguishment of debt as the change in debt terms was considered substantial. As such, the newly issued Second
Lien Senior Notes were recorded at fair value at the issuance date. In order to determine the fair value of the Second
Lien Senior Notes on the date of the exchange, we utilized the median bid-ask spread obtained from various investment
banks for the exchange date. The bid-ask spread is indicative of the fair value of the notes on the exchange date. The
27.0 percent discount equated to a discount of $147.0 million on the issue value of $544.2 million, or an estimated fair
value of $397.2 million.
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2014
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets/
Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Total
Losses
$
— $
— $
— $
— $
73.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
72.4
—
72.4
—
526.5
11.3
7.0
7.0
24.2
$
—
— $
—
— $
—
79.4 $
—
79.4 $
9.2
644.7
Description
Assets:
Goodwill impairment -
Asia Pacific Iron Ore reporting unit
Other long-lived assets -
Property, plant and equipment
and Mineral rights:
Asia Pacific Iron Ore reporting unit
Other reporting units
Other long-lived assets -
Intangibles and other long-term assets:
Asia Pacific Iron Ore reporting unit
Investment in ventures
impairment - Global Exploration
Financial Assets
During the third quarter of 2014, an impairment charge of $9.2 million to investment in ventures was recorded
within our Global Exploration operating segment as a decision was made to abandon the investment during the period.
117
Table of Contents
Non-Financial Assets
During the third and fourth quarter of 2014, we identified factors that indicated the carrying values of the asset
groups in the chart above may not be recoverable primarily due to long-term price forecasts as part of management’s
long-range planning process. Updated estimates of long-term prices for all products, specifically the Platts 62 percent
Fe fines spot price were lower than prior estimates. This especially affects the Asia Pacific Iron Ore business segment
because their contracts correlate heavily to world market spot pricing, which were updated based upon current market
conditions, macro-economic factors influencing the balance of supply and demand for our products and expectations
for future cost and capital expenditure requirements.
Additionally, our CEO, Lourenco Goncalves, was appointed by the Board of Directors in early August 2014 and
was subsequently identified as the CODM in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting. Our CODM views Asia
Pacific Iron Ore as a non-core asset and has communicated plans to evaluate the business unit for a change in strategy
including possible divestiture. These factors, among other considerations utilized in the individual impairment
assessments, indicate that the carrying value of the respective asset groups in the chart above and Asia Pacific Iron
Ore goodwill may not be recoverable.
During the third quarter of 2014, a goodwill impairment charge of $73.5 million was recorded for our Asia Pacific
Iron Ore reporting segment. Based on our review of the fair value hierarchy, the inputs used in these fair value
measurements were considered Level 3 inputs.
We also recorded impairment charges to property, plant and equipment, mineral rights, intangible assets and
other long-term assets during the second half of 2014 related to our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operating segment, along
with impairments charged to reporting units within our Other reportable segments. A detailed break out of the impairment
charges is shown in the chart above. The recorded impairment charges reduce the related assets to their estimated
fair value as we determined that the future cash flows associated with these operations were not sufficient to support
the recoverability of the carrying value of these assets. Fair value was determined based on management's best
estimate within a range of fair values, which is considered a Level 3 input, and resulted in an asset impairment charge
of $562.0 million. The Level 3 inputs used to determine fair value included models developed and market inputs obtained
by management which provided a range of fair value estimates of property, plant and equipment. Management’s models
include internally developed long-term future cash flow estimates, capital expenditure and cost estimates, market inputs
to determine long-term pricing assumptions, discount rates, and foreign exchange rates.
NOTE 7 - PENSIONS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
We offer defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans and other postretirement benefit
plans, primarily consisting of retiree healthcare benefits, to most employees in the United States as part of a total
compensation and benefits program. We do not have employee retirement benefit obligations at our Asia Pacific Iron
Ore operations. The defined benefit pension plans largely are noncontributory and benefits generally are based on
employees’ years of service and average earnings for a defined period prior to retirement or a minimum formula.
The labor agreements we have with the USW at our U.S. Iron Ore operations cover approximately 2,000 USW-
represented employees at our Empire and Tilden mines in Michigan and our United Taconite and Hibbing mines in
Minnesota, or 81.0 percent of our total U.S. Iron Ore hourly workforce. This percentage includes the U.S. Iron Ore hourly
employees that are on lay-off.
We offer retiree medical coverage to hourly retirees of our USW-represented mines. The 2012 USW agreement
set temporary maximum monthly medical premiums for participants who retired prior to January 1, 2015. These premium
maximums expired on December 31, 2015 and reverted to increasing premiums based on the terms of the 2012 bargaining
agreement. The agreements also provide for an OPEB cap that limits the amount of contributions that we have to make
toward retiree medical insurance coverage for each retiree and spouse of a retiree per calendar year who retired on or
after January 1, 2015. The amount of the annual OPEB cap is based upon the gross plan costs we incurred in 2014.
The OPEB cap applies to employees who retired on or after January 1, 2015 and does not apply to surviving spouses.
In addition, we currently provide various levels of retirement health care and OPEB to some full-time employees
who meet certain length of service and age requirements (a portion of which is pursuant to collective bargaining
agreements). Most plans require retiree contributions and have deductibles, co-pay requirements and benefit limits.
Most bargaining unit plans require retiree contributions and co-pays for major medical and prescription drug coverage.
There is a cap on our cost for medical coverage under the salaried plans. The annual limit applies to each covered
participant and equals $7,000 for coverage prior to age 65, with the retiree’s participation adjusted based on the age at
which the retiree’s benefits commence. Beginning in 2015, Cliffs changed the delivery of the post-65 salaried retiree
118
Table of Contents
medical benefit program, including salaried retirees from our Northshore operation, from an employer sponsored plan
to the combination of an employer subsidy plan and an individual supplemental Medicare insurance plan purchased
through a Medicare exchange. This allows the program to take full advantage of available government subsidies and
more efficient pricing in the Medicare market. For participants at our Northshore operation, the annual limit ranges from
$4,020 to $4,500 for coverage prior to age 65. Covered participants pay an amount for coverage equal to the excess
of (i) the average cost of coverage for all covered participants, over (ii) the participant’s individual limit, but in no event
will the participant’s cost be less than 15.0 percent of the average cost of coverage for all covered participants. For
Northshore participants, the minimum participant cost is a fixed dollar amount. We do not provide OPEB for most salaried
employees hired after January 1, 1993. Retiree healthcare coverage is provided through programs administered by
insurance companies whose charges are based on benefits paid.
In December 2003, The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 was enacted.
This act introduced a prescription drug benefit under Medicare Part D as well as a federal subsidy to sponsors of retiree
healthcare benefit plans that provide a benefit that at least actuarially is equivalent to Medicare Part D. Our measures
of the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and net periodic postretirement benefit cost as of December 31,
2004 and for periods thereafter reflect amounts associated with the subsidy. We elected to adopt the retroactive transition
method for recognizing the cost reduction in 2004.
The Pinnacle and Oak Grove mines were sold in December 2015, and the liabilities representing vested benefits
at the time of the sale remained with Cliffs. The sale triggered a curtailment event for the Salaried Pension Plan. Liabilities
for other postretirement benefits were transferred as part of the sale, and associated adjustments were made to the
Accumulated other comprehensive loss balances as they pertained to Pinnacle and Oak Grove participants in the Hourly
OPEB plan. Accordingly, all amounts shown below include retained obligations of vested employees of the North American
Coal mines. Further, all disclosures presented include the annual expense, contributions and obligations associated
with the retained vested benefits of these participants.
The following table summarizes the annual expense recognized related to the retirement plans for 2015, 2014
and 2013:
Defined benefit pension plans
Defined contribution pension plans
Other postretirement benefits
Total
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
$
$
23.9 $
26.2 $
3.6
4.4
4.4
(2.5)
31.9 $
28.1 $
46.8
5.0
3.2
55.0
119
Table of Contents
The following tables and information provide additional disclosures for our consolidated plans.
Obligations and Funded Status
The following tables and information provide additional disclosures for the periods ending December 31, 2015
and 2014:
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligations — beginning of year
Service cost (excluding expenses)
Interest cost
Plan amendments
Actuarial (gain) loss
Benefits paid
Participant contributions
Federal subsidy on benefits paid
Curtailment gain
Benefit obligations — end of year
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets — beginning of year
Actual return on plan assets
Participant contributions
Employer contributions
Asset transfers
Benefits paid
Fair value of plan assets — end of year
Funded status at December 31:
Fair value of plan assets
Benefit obligations
Funded status (plan assets less benefit obligations)
Amount recognized at December 31
Amounts recognized in Statements of Financial Position:
Current liabilities
Noncurrent liabilities
Net amount recognized
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive
loss:
Net actuarial loss
Prior service cost (credit)
Net amount recognized
The estimated amounts that will be amortized from
accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic
benefit cost in 2016:
Net actuarial loss
Prior service cost
Net amount recognized
120
(In Millions)
Pension Benefits
2014
2015
Other Benefits
2014
2015
998.0 $
22.7
37.7
—
(67.7)
(78.7)
—
—
(1.2)
910.8 $
749.8 $
(6.4)
—
35.7
0.2
(78.7)
700.6 $
891.2 $
26.1
40.2
—
113.4
(71.4)
—
—
(1.5)
998.0 $
712.5 $
59.1
—
49.6
—
(71.4)
749.8 $
295.8 $
1.9
11.5
—
(27.0)
(20.6)
4.0
0.4
—
266.0 $
269.3 $
(3.9)
0.4
1.3
—
(16.5)
250.6 $
265.1
1.9
11.9
(0.9)
37.4
(25.3)
4.8
0.9
—
295.8
251.8
31.9
0.8
5.2
—
(20.4)
269.3
700.6 $
(910.8)
(210.2) $
(210.2) $
749.8 $
(998.0)
(248.2) $
(248.2) $
250.6 $
(266.0)
(15.4) $
(15.4) $
269.3
(295.8)
(26.5)
(26.5)
(0.5) $
(2.2) $
(209.7)
(210.2) $
(246.0)
(248.2) $
(4.1) $
(11.3)
(15.4) $
(4.2)
(22.3)
(26.5)
290.9 $
7.5
298.4 $
311.8 $
9.8
321.6 $
91.5 $
(39.5)
52.0 $
99.3
(42.9)
56.4
21.1
2.2
23.3
$
$
5.5
(3.7)
1.8
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Table of Contents
Fair value of plan assets
Benefit obligation
Funded status
Fair value of plan assets
Benefit obligation
Funded status
(In Millions)
2015
Pension Plans
Other Benefits
Salaried Hourly
$ 258.3 $ 436.7 $
Mining
SERP
Total
Salaried Hourly
Total
5.6 $
— $
700.6 $
— $ 250.6 $ 250.6
(340.0)
(558.6)
(8.6)
(3.6)
(910.8)
(38.2)
(227.8)
(266.0)
$ (81.7) $ (121.9) $
(3.0) $
(3.6) $ (210.2) $ (38.2) $
22.8 $
(15.4)
Pension Plans
Other Benefits
2014
Salaried
$ 288.3 $ 454.9 $
Hourly
Mining
SERP
Total
Salaried
Hourly
Total
6.6 $
— $
749.8 $
— $ 269.3 $ 269.3
(379.2)
(603.9)
(9.2)
(5.7)
(998.0)
(41.6)
(254.2)
(295.8)
$ (90.9) $ (149.0) $
(2.6) $
(5.7) $ (248.2) $ (41.6) $
15.1 $
(26.5)
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $898.9 million and $980.6 million
at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease in the accumulated benefit obligation primarily is a result
of an increase in the discount rates.
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
(In Millions)
Pension Benefits
2014
2013
2015
Other Benefits
2014
2013
2015
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization:
Prior service costs (credits)
Net actuarial loss
Curtailments and settlements
Net periodic benefit cost
Curtailment effects
Current year actuarial (gain)/loss
Amortization of net loss
Current year prior service (credit) cost
Amortization of prior service (cost) credit
Total recognized in other comprehensive income $
Total recognized in net periodic cost and other
comprehensive income
$
Additional Information
4.0
12.6
(20.0)
(3.6)
10.2
—
3.2
—
(68.6)
(10.2)
—
3.6
$
22.7 $
37.7
(59.8)
26.1 $
40.3
(58.1)
32.9 $
36.4
(52.3)
6.4 $
1.8 $
13.4
(18.3)
11.9
(17.1)
2.3
20.8
0.2
$
23.9 $
(1.2)
(0.7)
(21.0)
—
2.5
14.0
1.4
26.2 $
—
109.7
(15.4)
—
2.8
27.0
—
46.8 $
—
(128.0)
(27.0)
0.8
(3.7)
6.6
—
4.4 $
—
0.2
(6.6)
—
(2.3)
(25.2) $
(2.5)
91.8 $ (157.0) $
(2.8)
3.7
(2.7) $
(3.6)
4.5
—
(2.5) $
—
22.2
(4.5)
(0.9)
3.6
20.4 $
(75.2)
(1.3) $ 118.0 $ (110.2) $
1.7 $
17.9 $
(72.0)
(In Millions)
Effect of change in mine ownership & noncontrolling interest
Actual return on plan assets
121
Pension Benefits
2014
Other Benefits
2014
2013
2013
2015
$ 48.4 $ 51.2 $ 46.3 $ 5.5 $ 5.9 $ 4.8
11.0
2015
59.1
80.3
31.9
(3.9)
(6.4)
Table of Contents
Assumptions
The discount rate for determining PBO is determined individually for each plan. For our pension and other
postretirement benefit plans, we used a discount rate as of December 31, 2015 of 4.27 percent for Iron Hourly, 4.12
percent for Salaried, 4.28 percent for Ore Mining and 4.22 percent for SERP, and 4.22 percent for Salaried OPEB, and
4.32 percent for Hourly OPEB, compared with a discount rate of 3.83 percent as of December 31, 2014. The discount
rates are determined by matching the projected cash flows used to determine the PBO and APBO to a projected yield
curve of 688 Aa graded bonds in the 40th to 90th percentiles. These bonds are either noncallable or callable with make-
whole provisions. For the year ended December 31, 2014, bonds in the 10th to 90th percentile were utilized. The portion
of the increases in discount rates due to market conditions resulted in decreases to our plan projected benefit obligations
of approximately $31.5 million and $13.6 million for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans, respectively. In
addition, the portion of the increases in discount rates due to the change to the 40th to 90th percentiles measurement
resulted in decreases to our plan projected benefit obligations of approximately $8.3 million and $2.7 million for the
pension and other postretirement benefit plans, respectively.
On December 31, 2015, the assumed mortality improvement projection was changed from generational scale
MP-2014 to generational scale MP-2015. The healthy mortality assumption remains the RP-2014 mortality tables with
blue collar adjustments for the Iron Hourly and Hourly PRW plans, with white collar adjustments for the SERP and Salaried
PRW Plan, and without collar adjustments for the Salaried and Ore Mining. The adoption of the new projection scale
resulted in decreases to our projected benefit obligations totaling approximately $15.1 million or 1.5 percent for the
pension plans and $7.9 million or 2 percent for the OPEB plans.
The rates of retirement and termination for certain groups were also updated as a result of a recent experience
review.
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 were:
Discount rate
Iron Hourly Pension Plan
Salaried Pension Plan
Ore Mining Pension Plan
SERP
Hourly OPEB Plan
Salaried OPEB Plan
Salaried rate of compensation increase
Hourly rate of compensation increase (ultimate)
Pension Benefits
2014
2015
Other Benefits
2015
2014
%
4.27
4.12
4.28
4.22
N/A
N/A
3.00
2.00
%
%
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
N/A
N/A
3.00
2.50
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.32
4.22
3.00
N/A
%
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.83
3.83
3.00
N/A
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net benefit cost for the years 2015, 2014 and 2013 were:
Pension Benefits
2014
2015
2013
2015
Other Benefits
2014
2013
Discount rate
Expected return on plan assets
Salaried rate of compensation increase
Hourly rate of compensation increase
3.83 %
8.25
3.00
2.50
4.57 %
3.70 %
3.83 %
4.57 %
3.70 %
8.25
4.00
3.00
8.25
4.00
4.00
7.00
3.00
N/A
7.00
4.00
N/A
8.25
4.00
N/A
122
Table of Contents
Assumed health care cost trend rates at December 31 were:
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year
Ultimate health care cost trend rate
Year that the ultimate rate is reached
2015
2014
6.75 %
7.00 %
5.00
2023
5.00
2023
Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans.
A change of one percentage point in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
Effect on total of service and interest cost
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation
Plan Assets
(In Millions)
Increase Decrease
(2.6)
$
(22.6)
3.4 $
27.2
Our financial objectives with respect to our pension and VEBA plan assets are to fully fund the actuarial accrued
liability for each of the plans, to maximize investment returns within reasonable and prudent levels of risk, and to maintain
sufficient liquidity to meet benefit obligations on a timely basis.
Our investment objective is to outperform the expected ROA assumption used in the plans’ actuarial reports over
the life of the plans. The expected ROA takes into account historical returns and estimated future long-term returns
based on capital market assumptions applied to the asset allocation strategy. The expected return is net of investment
expenses paid by the plans. In addition, investment performance is monitored on a quarterly basis by benchmarking to
various indices and metrics for the one-, three- and five-year periods.
The asset allocation strategy is determined through a detailed analysis of assets and liabilities by plan, which
defines the overall risk that is acceptable with regard to the expected level and variability of portfolio returns, surplus
(assets compared to liabilities), contributions and pension expense.
The asset allocation review process involves simulating capital market behaviors including global asset class
performance, inflation and interest rates in order to evaluate various asset allocation scenarios and determine the asset
mix with the highest likelihood of meeting financial objectives. The process includes factoring in the current funded status
and likely future funded status levels of the plans by taking into account expected growth or decline in the contributions
over time.
The asset allocation strategy varies by plan. The following table reflects the actual asset allocations for pension
and VEBA plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, as well as the 2016 weighted average target asset allocations
as of December 31, 2015. Equity investments include securities in large-cap, mid-cap and small-cap companies located
in the U.S. and worldwide. Fixed income investments primarily include corporate bonds and government debt securities.
Alternative investments include hedge funds, private equity, structured credit and real estate.
Pension Assets
VEBA Assets
Asset Category
Equity securities
Fixed income
Hedge funds
Private equity
Structured credit
Real estate
Cash
Total
2016
Target
Allocation
Percentage of
Plan Assets at
December 31,
2014
45.6%
28.7%
5.5%
4.2%
8.7%
6.7%
0.6%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
2015
44.0%
27.7%
5.8%
4.7%
8.9%
8.2%
0.7%
45.0%
28.0%
5.0%
7.0%
7.5%
7.5%
—%
123
2016
Target
Allocation
Percentage of
Plan Assets at
December 31,
2014
2015
8.0%
80.1%
4.2%
2.6%
2.1%
3.0%
—%
8.6%
79.3%
4.3%
2.3%
2.3%
3.2%
—%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
8.8%
78.2%
4.5%
2.2%
2.3%
4.0%
—%
Table of Contents
Pension
The fair values of our pension plan assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 by asset category are as follows:
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets/Liabilities
(Level 1)
(In Millions)
December 31, 2015
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
$
$
$
$
150.5 $
40.6
116.8
166.3
—
—
—
—
5.1
479.3 $
— $
—
—
27.9
—
—
—
—
—
27.9 $
— $ 150.5
40.6
—
116.8
—
194.2
—
40.7
40.7
33.1
33.1
62.1
62.1
57.5
57.5
5.1
—
193.4 $ 700.6
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets/Liabilities
(Level 1)
(In Millions)
December 31, 2014
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
168.4 $
45.9
127.7
183.1
—
—
—
—
4.8
529.9 $
— $
—
—
31.8
—
—
—
—
—
31.8 $
— $ 168.4
45.9
—
127.7
—
214.9
—
41.5
41.5
31.2
31.2
65.4
65.4
50.0
50.0
4.8
—
188.1 $ 749.8
Asset Category
Equity securities:
U.S. large-cap
U.S. small/mid-cap
International
Fixed income
Hedge funds
Private equity
Structured credit
Real estate
Cash
Total
Asset Category
Equity securities:
U.S. large-cap
U.S. small/mid-cap
International
Fixed income
Hedge funds
Private equity
Structured credit
Real estate
Cash
Total
Following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used to measure the fair value of our plan
assets.
Equity Securities
Equity securities classified as Level 1 investments include U.S. large-, small- and mid-cap investments and
international equity. These investments are comprised of securities listed on an exchange, market or automated quotation
system for which quotations are readily available. The valuation of these securities is determined using a market approach,
and is based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets.
124
Table of Contents
Fixed Income
Fixed income securities classified as Level 1 investments include bonds and government debt securities. These
investments are comprised of securities listed on an exchange, market or automated quotation system for which quotations
are readily available. The valuation of these securities is determined using a market approach, and is based upon
unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. Also included in Fixed Income is a portfolio of U.S.
Treasury STRIPS, which are zero-coupon bearing fixed income securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government. The securities sell at a discount to par because there are no incremental coupon payments. STRIPS are
not issued directly by the Treasury, but rather are created by a financial institution, government securities broker or
government securities dealer. Liquidity on the issue varies depending on various market conditions; however, in general
the STRIPS market is slightly less liquid than that of the U.S. Treasury Bond market. The STRIPS are priced daily through
a bond pricing vendor and are classified as Level 2.
Hedge Funds
Hedge funds are alternative investments comprised of direct or indirect investment in offshore hedge funds with
an investment objective to achieve an attractive risk-adjusted return with moderate volatility and moderate directional
market exposure over a full market cycle. The valuation techniques used to measure fair value attempt to maximize the
use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Considerable judgment is required to interpret
the factors used to develop estimates of fair value. Valuations of the underlying investment funds are obtained and
reviewed. The securities that are valued by the funds are interests in the investment funds and not the underlying holdings
of such investment funds. Thus, the inputs used to value the investments in each of the underlying funds may differ from
the inputs used to value the underlying holdings of such funds.
In determining the fair value of a security, the fund managers may consider any information that is deemed
relevant, which may include one or more of the following factors regarding the portfolio security, if appropriate: type of
security or asset; cost at the date of purchase; size of holding; last trade price; most recent valuation; fundamental
analytical data relating to the investment in the security; nature and duration of any restriction on the disposition of the
security; evaluation of the factors that influence the market in which the security is purchased or sold; financial statements
of the issuer; discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase; special
reports prepared by analysts; information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; existence of merger
proposals or tender offers affecting the security; price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or
compatible companies and other relevant matters; changes in interest rates; observations from financial institutions;
domestic or foreign government actions or pronouncements; other recent events; existence of shelf registration for
restricted securities; existence of any undertaking to register the security; and other acceptable methods of valuing
portfolio securities.
Private Equity Funds
Private equity funds are alternative investments that represent direct or indirect investments in partnerships,
venture funds or a diversified pool of private investment vehicles (fund of funds).
Investment commitments are made in private equity funds based on an asset allocation strategy, and capital
calls are made over the life of the funds to fund the commitments. As of December 31, 2015, remaining commitments
total $48.1 million for both our pension and other benefits. Committed amounts are funded from plan assets when capital
calls are made. Investment commitments are not pre-funded in reserve accounts. Refer to the valuation methodologies
for equity securities above for further information.
The valuation of investments in private equity funds initially is performed by the underlying fund managers. In
determining the fair value, the fund managers may consider any information that is deemed relevant, which may include:
type of security or asset; cost at the date of purchase; size of holding; last trade price; most recent valuation; fundamental
analytical data relating to the investment in the security; nature and duration of any restriction on the disposition of the
security; evaluation of the factors that influence the market in which the security is purchased or sold; financial statements
of the issuer; discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase; special
reports prepared by analysts; information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; existence of merger
proposals or tender offers affecting the security; price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or
compatible companies and other relevant matters; changes in interest rates; observations from financial institutions;
domestic or foreign government actions or pronouncements; other recent events; existence of shelf registration for
restricted securities; existence of any undertaking to register the security; and other acceptable methods of valuing
portfolio securities.
125
Table of Contents
The valuations are obtained from the underlying fund managers, and the valuation methodology and process is
reviewed for consistent application and adherence to policies. Considerable judgment is required to interpret the factors
used to develop estimates of fair value.
Private equity investments are valued quarterly and recorded on a one-quarter lag. For alternative investment
values reported on a lag, current market information is reviewed for any material changes in values at the reporting date.
Capital distributions for the funds do not occur on a regular frequency. Liquidation of these investments would require
sale of the partnership interest.
Structured Credit
Structured credit investments are alternative investments comprised of collateralized debt obligations and other
structured credit investments that are priced based on valuations provided by independent, third-party pricing agents, if
available. Such values generally reflect the last reported sales price if the security is actively traded. The third-party
pricing agents may also value structured credit investments at an evaluated bid price by employing methodologies that
utilize actual market transactions, broker-supplied valuations, or other methodologies designed to identify the market
value of such securities. Such methodologies generally consider such factors as security prices, yields, maturities, call
features, ratings and developments relating to specific securities in arriving at valuations. Securities listed on a securities
exchange, market or automated quotation system for which quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted
sale price on the primary exchange or market on which they are traded. Debt obligations with remaining maturities of
60 days or less may be valued at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Structured credit investments are valued monthly and recorded on a one-month lag. For alternative investment
values reported on a lag, current market information is reviewed for any material changes in values at the reporting date.
Historically, redemption requests have been considered quarterly, subject to notice of 90 days, although the advisor is
currently only requiring notice of 65 days. During the fourth quarter of 2015, a redemption request for tender of $8 million
was executed in order to bring the portfolio more in line with the target allocation for this asset category. The tender was
effective as of December 31, 2015, with the funds targeted for distribution during the first quarter of 2016.
Real Estate
The real estate portfolio for the pension plans is an alternative investment primarily comprised of two funds with
strategic categories of real estate investments. All real estate holdings are appraised externally at least annually, and
appraisals are conducted by reputable, independent appraisal firms that are members of the Appraisal Institute. All
external appraisals are performed in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practices. The
property valuations and assumptions of each property are reviewed quarterly by the investment advisor and values are
adjusted if there has been a significant change in circumstances relating to the property since the last external appraisal.
The valuation methodology utilized in determining the fair value is consistent with the best practices prevailing within the
real estate appraisal and real estate investment management industries, including the Real Estate Information Standards,
and standards promulgated by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries, the National Association of
Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries, and the National Association of Real Estate Managers. In addition, the investment
advisor may cause additional appraisals to be performed. Two of the funds’ fair values are updated monthly, and there
is no lag in reported values. Redemption requests for these two funds are considered on a quarterly basis, subject to
notice of 45 days.
During 2011, a new real estate fund of funds investment was added for the Empire, Tilden, Hibbing and United
Taconite VEBA plans as a result of the asset allocation review process. This fund invests in pooled investment vehicles
that in turn invest in commercial real estate properties. Valuations are performed quarterly and financial statements are
prepared on a semi-annual basis, with annual audited statements. Asset values for this fund are reported with a one-
quarter lag and current market information is reviewed for any material changes in values at the reporting date. In most
cases, values are based on valuations reported by underlying fund managers or other independent third-party sources,
but the fund has discretion to use other valuation methods, subject to compliance with ERISA. Valuations are typically
estimates and subject to upward or downward revision based on each underlying fund’s annual audit. Withdrawals are
permitted on the last business day of each quarter subject to a 65-day prior written notice.
126
Table of Contents
The following represents the effect of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
on changes in plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Beginning balance — January 1, 2015
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets still held at
the reporting date
Relating to assets sold during
the period
Purchases
Sales
Ending balance — December 31, 2015
$
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2015
Private Equity
Funds
Structured
Credit Fund
Real
Estate
Total
31.2 $
65.4 $
50.0 $ 188.1
Hedge Funds
$
41.5 $
(0.8)
1.5
(3.3)
8.1
5.5
—
—
—
40.7 $
2.5
5.7
(7.8)
33.1 $
—
—
—
62.1 $
2.5
—
5.7
—
(0.6)
(8.4)
57.5 $ 193.4
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2014
Hedge Funds
Private Equity
Funds
Structured
Credit Fund
Real
Estate
Total
Beginning balance — January 1, 2014
$
38.8 $
29.1 $
61.0 $
40.9 $ 169.8
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets still held at
the reporting date
Relating to assets sold during
the period
Purchases
Sales
2.7
—
—
—
Ending balance — December 31, 2014
$
41.5 $
VEBA
3.2
3.0
1.4
(5.5)
31.2 $
4.4
—
—
—
5.2
—
5.4
(1.5)
15.5
3.0
6.8
(7.0)
65.4 $
50.0 $ 188.1
Assets for other benefits include VEBA trusts pursuant to bargaining agreements that are available to fund retired
employees’ life insurance obligations and medical benefits. The fair values of our other benefit plan assets at
December 31, 2015 and 2014 by asset category are as follows:
Asset Category
Equity securities:
U.S. large-cap
U.S. small/mid-cap
International
Fixed income
Hedge funds
Private equity
Structured credit
Real estate
Cash
Total
(In Millions)
December 31, 2015
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets/Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
$
$
11.1 $
2.8
8.2
158.1
—
—
—
—
—
180.2 $
127
— $
—
—
37.9
—
—
—
—
—
37.9 $
— $
—
—
—
11.2
5.5
5.8
10.0
—
32.5 $
11.1
2.8
8.2
196.0
11.2
5.5
5.8
10.0
—
250.6
Table of Contents
Asset Category
Equity securities:
(In Millions)
December 31, 2014
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets/Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
U.S. large-cap
$
11.6 $
— $
— $
U.S. small/mid-cap
International
Fixed income
Hedge funds
Private equity
Structured credit
Real estate
Cash
Total
2.9
8.6
174.5
—
—
—
—
0.1
—
—
39.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11.5
6.2
6.1
8.7
—
11.6
2.9
8.6
213.6
11.5
6.2
6.1
8.7
0.1
$
197.7 $
39.1 $
32.5 $
269.3
Refer to the pension asset discussion above for further information regarding the inputs and valuation
methodologies used to measure the fair value of each respective category of plan assets.
The following represents the effect of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
on changes in plan assets for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Beginning balance — January 1, 2015
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets still held at the reporting date
Relating to assets sold during the period
Purchases
Sales
Ending balance — December 31, 2015
Beginning balance — January 1, 2014
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets still held at the reporting date
Relating to assets sold during the period
Purchases
Sales
Ending balance — December 31, 2014
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2015
Structured
Private
Credit
Equity
Fund
Funds
Real
Estate
6.2 $
6.1 $
Hedge
Funds
$ 11.5 $
Total
8.7 $ 32.5
(0.3)
—
—
—
$ 11.2 $
0.3
0.4
0.1
(1.5)
5.5 $
1.0
1.3
(0.3)
0.4
—
—
0.1
—
—
—
(1.5)
—
5.8 $ 10.0 $ 32.5
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2014
Structured
Private
Credit
Equity
Fund
Funds
Real
Estate
6.0 $
1.0
0.4
0.1
(1.3)
6.2 $
Total
13.5 $ 13.2 $ 57.3
0.4
0.4
—
(8.2)
6.1 $
2.8
0.9
1.9
0.5
0.1
—
(29.6)
(5.9)
8.7 $ 32.5
Hedge
Funds
$ 24.6 $
0.5
0.6
—
(14.2)
$ 11.5 $
128
Table of Contents
Contributions
Annual contributions to the pension plans are made within income tax deductibility restrictions in accordance
with statutory regulations. In the event of plan termination, the plan sponsors could be required to fund additional shutdown
and early retirement obligations that are not included in the pension obligations. The Company currently has no intention
to shutdown, terminate or withdraw from any of its employee benefit plans.
Company Contributions
2014
2015
2016 (Expected)(1)
(In Millions)
Other Benefits
Pension
Benefits
VEBA
Direct
Payments
Total
$
49.6 $
— $
5.5 $
35.7
1.2
—
—
3.5
4.1
5.5
3.5
4.1
(1)
Pursuant to the bargaining agreement, benefits can be paid from VEBA trusts that are at least 70 percent funded
(all VEBA trusts are over 70 percent funded at December 31, 2015). Funding obligations have been suspended
as Hibbing's, UTAC's, Tilden's and Empire's share of the value of their respective trust assets have reached 90
percent of their obligation.
VEBA plans are not subject to minimum regulatory funding requirements. Amounts contributed are pursuant
to bargaining agreements.
Contributions by participants to the other benefit plans were $4.0 million for the year ended December 31,
2015 and $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Estimated Cost for 2016
For 2016, we estimate net periodic benefit cost as follows:
Defined benefit pension plans
Other postretirement benefits
Total
Estimated Future Benefit Payments
(In Millions)
$
$
16.3
(4.4)
11.9
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021-2025
(In Millions)
Other Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Gross
Company
Benefits
Less
Medicare
Subsidy
Net
Company
Payments
$
74.6 $
18.2 $
0.8 $
63.4
63.0
62.4
62.4
306.8
18.3
18.3
18.1
17.7
84.7
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
6.9
17.4
17.4
17.3
17.0
16.5
77.8
129
Table of Contents
Other Potential Benefit Obligations
While the foregoing reflects our obligation, our total exposure in the event of non-performance is potentially greater.
Following is a summary comparison of the total obligation:
Fair value of plan assets
Benefit obligation
Underfunded status of plan
Additional shutdown and early retirement benefits
NOTE 8 - STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS
(In Millions)
December 31, 2015
Defined
Benefit
Pensions
Other
Benefits
$
$
$
700.6 $
250.6
(910.8)
(266.0)
(210.2) $
(15.4)
(23.2) $
(3.2)
At December 31, 2015, we have outstanding awards under two share-based compensation plans, which are
described below. The compensation cost that has been charged against income for those plans was $13.9 million,
$21.5 million and $19.1 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, which primarily was recorded in Selling, general
and administrative expenses in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. The total income tax benefit recognized
in the Statements of Consolidated Operations for share-based compensation arrangements was $7.5 million and $6.7
million for 2014 and 2013, respectively. There was no income tax benefit recognized for the year ended December 31,
2015, due to the full valuation allowance.
Employees’ Plans
The 2015 Equity Plan was approved by our Board of Directors on March 26, 2015 and by our shareholders on
May 19, 2015. The 2015 Equity Plan replaced the 2012 Amended Equity Plan. The maximum number of shares that
may be issued under the 2015 Equity Plan is 12.9 million common shares. No additional grants were issued from the
2012 Amended Equity Plan after the date of approval of the 2015 Equity Plan; however, all awards previously granted
under the 2012 Amended Equity Plan will continue in full force and effect in accordance with the terms of outstanding
awards.
During the third quarter of 2015, the Compensation Committee approved grants under the 2015 Equity Plan of
1.5 million restricted share units to certain officers and employees with a grant date of September 10, 2015. The
restricted share units granted under this award are subject to continued employment through the vesting date of
December 15, 2017.
During the first quarter of 2015, the Compensation Committee approved grants under the 2012 Amended Equity
Plan to certain officers and employees for the 2015 to 2017 performance period. Shares granted under the awards
consisted of 0.9 million performance shares, 0.9 million restricted share units and 0.4 million stock options.
On February 10, 2014, upon recommendation by the Compensation Committee, our Board of Directors approved
and adopted, subject to the approval of our shareholders at the 2014 Annual Meeting, the 2012 Amended Equity Plan.
The principal reason for amending and restating the 2012 Equity Plan was to increase the number of common shares
available for issuance by 5.0 million common shares. This amended plan was approved by our shareholders at the
2014 Annual Meeting held on July 29, 2014.
Subsequent to our 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, where shareholders elected six new directors, our
board changed substantially. Such an event constituted a change in control pursuant to our incentive equity plans and
applicable award agreements. As a result, all of the outstanding and unvested equity incentives awarded to participants
prior to October 2013 became vested. Accordingly, this resulted in recognizing $11.7 million of additional equity-based
compensation expense in the accompanying financial statements, representing the remaining unrecognized
compensation expense of the awards. For any equity grants awarded after September 2013, the vesting of all such
grants will accelerate and pay out in cash only following a participant's qualifying termination of employment associated
with the change in control and if the common shares are not substituted with a replacement award. This potential liability
for additional double-trigger payments for share-based compensation in cash will expire on August 6, 2016.
130
Table of Contents
Performance Shares
The outstanding performance share or unit grants vest over a period of three years and are intended to be paid
out in common shares or cash in certain circumstances. Performance is measured on the basis of relative TSR for the
period and measured against the constituents of the S&P Metals and Mining ETF Index on the last day of trading of
the relevant performance period. The final payouts for the outstanding performance period grants will vary from zero
to 200 percent of the original grant depending on whether and to what extent the Company achieves certain objectives
and performance goals as established by the Compensation Committee.
Following is a summary of our performance share award agreements currently outstanding:
Performance
Share
Plan Year
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
2014
Performance
Shares
Granted
Estimated
Forfeitures
Expected to
Vest
410,105
464,470
400,000
199,450
106,120
230,265
111,877
96,149
27,774
32,653
16,351
142,017
298,228
368,321
372,226
166,797
89,769
88,248
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
Grant Date
February 9, 2015
January 12, 2015
November 17, 2014
July 29, 2014
May 12, 2014
February 10, 2014
Performance Period
1/1/2015 - 12/31/2017
1/1/2015 - 12/31/2017
8/7/2014 - 12/31/2017
1/1/2014 - 12/31/2016
1/1/2014 - 12/31/2016
1/1/2014 - 12/31/2016
For the outstanding performance-based restricted stock units, the award may be earned and settled based
upon certain VWAP performance for the Company’s common shares, (Threshold VWAP, Target VWAP, or Maximum
VWAP) for any period of ninety (90) consecutive calendar days during a performance period commencing August 7,
2014 and ending December 31, 2017.
Restricted Share Units
The outstanding restricted share units are subject to continued employment, are retention based, will vest in
equal thirds on each of December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017, and are payable in common
shares or cash in certain circumstances at a time determined by the Compensation Committee at its discretion.
Stock Options
The stock options that were granted during the first quarter of 2015 vest on December 31, 2017, subject to
continued employment through the vesting date, are exercisable at a strike price of $7.70 after the vesting date and
expire on January 12, 2025. The stock options that were granted on November 17, 2014 vest in equal thirds on each
of December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017 subject to continued employment through each
vesting date, and are exercisable cumulatively at a strike price of $13.83 after each vesting date and expire on November
17, 2021.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On March 26, 2015, upon recommendation by the Compensation Committee, our Board of Directors approved
and adopted, subject to the approval of Cliffs' shareholders at the 2015 Annual Meeting, the Cliffs Natural Resources
Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. This plan was approved by our shareholders at the 2015 Annual Meeting
held May 19, 2015. 10 million common shares have been registered for issuance under this plan and zero common
shares have been purchased. We sought shareholder approval of this plan for the purpose of qualifying the reserved
common shares for special tax treatment under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
Nonemployee Directors
Equity Grants
During 2015 our nonemployee directors were entitled to receive restricted share awards under the Directors’
Plan. For 2015, nonemployee directors were granted a number of restricted shares, with a value equal to $85,000,
based on the closing price of our common shares on May 19, 2015, the date of the Company’s 2015 annual meeting
of shareholders, subject to any deferral election and pursuant to the terms of the Directors’ Plan and an award agreement,
effective on May 19, 2015.
131
Table of Contents
At our 2014 annual meeting, the shareholders approved the Directors' Plan which became effective December
1, 2014. The Directors’ Plan authorizes us to issue up to 300,000 common shares from time to time to nonemployee
Directors. Under the Share Ownership Guidelines in effect for 2015 ("Guidelines"), a Director is required by the end of
five years from date of election to hold common shares with a market value of at least $250,000. The Directors’ Plan
offers the nonemployee Director the opportunity to defer all or a portion of the awards granted.
Directors receive dividends, if any, on their restricted share awards and may elect that all cash dividends with
respect to restricted shares be deferred and reinvested in additional common shares. Those additional common shares
are subject to the same restrictions as the underlying award. Cash dividends not subject to a deferral election will be
paid to the director without restriction.
The 2008 Directors’ Plan in effect for most of 2014 provided for an Annual Equity Grant ("Equity Grant") to be
awarded at our annual meeting each year to all nonemployee Directors elected or re-elected by the shareholders and
a pro-rata amount was awarded to new directors upon their appointment. The value of the Equity Grant was payable
in restricted shares with a three-year vesting period from the date of grant. The closing market price of our common
shares on October 16, 2014 was divided into the number of common shares remaining available for issuance under
the 2008 Directors' Plan to determine the number of restricted shares awarded as the Equity Grant. In 2014, nonemployee
Directors each received Equity Grants valued at $85,000 which was bifurcated into two tranches since the 2008 Director's
Plan did not have a sufficient number of shares available for issuance. The first tranche of the 2014 Equity Grant was
granted under the 2008 Directors' Plan on October 16, 2014 and valued at $42,500. The second tranche was granted
under the Directors' Plan on December 2, 2014 and valued at $42,500.
For the last three years, Equity Grant shares have been awarded to elected or re-elected nonemployee Directors
as follows:
Year of Grant
2013
2014
2015
Unrestricted
Equity Grant
Shares
Restricted Equity
Grant Shares
Deferred Equity
Grant Shares
3,985
—
—
31,506
73,635
109,408
7,970
—
25,248
Starting in July, 2015, the Governance and Nominating Committee recommended, and the Board adopted, a
Nonemployee Director Retainer Share Election Program pursuant to which nonemployee directors may elect to receive
all or any portion of their annual retainer and any other fees earned in cash in Cliffs' common shares. Election is
voluntary and irrevocable for the applicable election period and shares issued under this program must be held for six
months from the issuance date. The number of shares received each quarter are calculated by dividing the value of
the quarterly cash retainer amount by the closing market price of the date of payment.
132
Table of Contents
Other Information
The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense that we recorded for continuing
operations in 2015, 2014 and 2013:
(In Millions, except per
share amounts)
2014
2013
2015
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Reduction of operating income (loss) from continuing operations before income
taxes and equity loss from ventures
Income tax benefit (1)
Reduction of net income attributable to Cliffs shareholders
Reduction of earnings per share attributable to Cliffs shareholders:
Basic
Diluted
$
$
$
$
4.0
9.9
13.9
—
13.9
0.09
0.09
$
$
$
$
5.6 $
15.9
21.5
(7.5)
14.0 $
4.9
14.2
19.1
(6.7)
12.4
0.09 $
0.09 $
0.08
0.07
(1)
No income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2015, due to the full valuation allowance.
Determination of Fair Value
Performance Shares
The fair value of each performance share grant is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation
to forecast relative TSR performance. A correlation matrix of historic and projected stock prices was developed for both
the Company and our predetermined peer group of mining and metals companies. The fair value assumes that
performance goals will be achieved.
The expected term of the grant represents the time from the grant date to the end of the service period for each
of the three plan-year agreements. We estimate the volatility of our common shares and that of the peer group of mining
and metals companies using daily price intervals for all companies. The risk-free interest rate is the rate at the grant
date on zero-coupon government bonds, with a term commensurate with the remaining life of the performance period.
The following assumptions were utilized to estimate the fair value for the 2015 performance share grants:
Grant
Date
Market
Price
$
$
7.70
6.57
Average
Expected
Term
(Years)
2.97
Expected
Volatility
58.3%
Risk-
Free
Interest
Rate
0.91%
Dividend
Yield
—%
Fair Value
11.56
$
Fair Value
(Percent of
Grant Date
Market
Price)
150.13%
2.89
58.3%
0.87%
—%
$
9.86
150.13%
Grant Date
January 12, 2015
February 9, 2015
Stock Options
The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes valuation
model. The expected term of the option grant is determined using the simplified method. We estimate the volatility of
our common shares using historical stock prices with consistent frequency over the most recent historical period equal
to the option’s expected term. The risk-free interest rate is the rate at the grant date on zero-coupon government bonds,
with a term commensurate with the expected term.
133
Table of Contents
The following assumptions were utilized to estimate the fair value for the stock options granted in 2015:
Grant Date
January 12, 2015
Grant Date
Market
Price
$
7.70
Average
Expected
Term
(Years)
6.47
Expected
Volatility
75.3%
Risk-Free
Interest
Rate
1.60%
Dividend
Yield
—%
Fair Value
5.23
$
Restricted Share Units
The fair value of the restricted share units is determined based on the closing price of our common shares on
the grant date. The restricted share units granted under the 2015 Equity Plan vest over 27 months. The restricted
share units granted under either the 2012 Equity Plan or the 2012 Amended Equity Plan generally vest over a period
of three years.
134
Table of Contents
Stock option, restricted share awards and performance share activity under our long-term equity plans and
Directors’ Plans are as follows:
Stock options:
Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted during the year
Vested
Forfeited/canceled
Outstanding at end of year
Restricted awards:
Outstanding and restricted at beginning of year
Granted during the year
Vested
Forfeited/canceled
Outstanding and restricted at end of year
Performance shares:
Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted during the year (1)
Issued (2)
Forfeited/canceled
Outstanding at end of year
Vested or expected to vest as of
December 31, 2015
Directors’ retainer and voluntary shares:
Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted during the year
Forfeited/canceled
Vested
Outstanding at end of year
Reserved for future grants or awards at end
of year:
Employee plans
Directors’ plans
Total
2015
Shares
2014
Shares
2013
Shares
250,000
412,710
—
(55,221)
607,489
523,176
2,482,415
(477,157)
(190,364)
2,338,070
1,072,376
874,575
(242,920)
(207,542)
—
250,000
—
—
250,000
586,084
531,030
(423,822)
(170,116)
523,176
1,040,453
1,233,685
(796,624)
(405,138)
—
—
—
—
—
393,787
396,844
(118,973)
(85,574)
586,084
772,484
806,271
(289,054)
(249,248)
1,496,489
1,072,376
1,040,453
3,934,901
—
—
—
—
—
7,329
2,281
—
(9,610)
—
2,880
8,136
(1,521)
(2,166)
7,329
11,917,635
91,299
12,008,934
(1)
(2)
The shares granted in 2013 include 54,051 shares related to the 23% payout associated with the prior-year pool as actual
payout exceeded target.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the shares vesting due to the change in control were paid out in cash, at target,
and valued as of the respective participants' termination dates. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the shares vesting
on December 31, 2013 were valued as of February 10, 2014, and the shares vesting due to the change in a majority of our
Board of Directors that triggered the acceleration of vesting and payout of outstanding equity grants under our equity plans
on August 6, 2014 were paid out in cash, at target, and valued as of that date. For the year ended December 31, 2013,
the shares vested on December 31, 2012 were valued as of February 21, 2013.
135
Table of Contents
A summary of our outstanding share-based awards as of December 31, 2015 is shown below:
Outstanding, beginning of year
Granted
Vested
Forfeited/expired
Outstanding, end of year
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
16.55
6.78
16.15
10.50
8.93
Shares
1,845,552 $
3,769,700 $
(720,077) $
(453,127) $
4,442,048 $
A summary of our stock option grants vested or expected to vest as of December 31, 2015 is shown below:
Expected to vest
Exercisable
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
490,902 $
83,334 $
9.67 $
13.83 $
—
—
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(Years)
7.90
5.88
The total compensation cost related to outstanding awards not yet recognized is $23.5 million at December 31,
2015. The weighted average remaining period for the awards outstanding at December 31, 2015 is approximately 2.6
years.
NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Equity Loss from Ventures includes the
following components:
United States
Foreign
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
$
$
314.2 $
(1.1)
313.1 $
(447.5) $
427.8
840.8
350.1
(19.7) $
1,190.9
The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes on continuing operations consist of the following:
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
Current provision (benefit):
United States federal
United States state & local
Foreign
Deferred provision (benefit):
United States federal
United States state & local
Foreign
Total provision on income (loss) from continuing operations
$
136
$
8.2 $
0.3
0.9
9.4
(125.2) $
(0.6)
11.7
(114.1)
110.4
4.0
94.8
209.2
35.0
3.0
(9.6)
28.4
165.8
—
(5.9)
159.9
169.3 $
20.4
(24.9)
32.6
28.1
(86.0) $
237.6
Table of Contents
Reconciliation of our income tax attributable to continuing operations computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate
is as follows:
Tax at U.S. statutory rate of 35 percent
$ 109.6
35.0% $
(6.9)
35.0% $ 416.8
35.0%
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
Increase (decrease) due to:
Non-taxable income related to
noncontrolling interests
Impact of tax law change
Percentage depletion in excess of cost
depletion
Impact of foreign operations
Income not subject to tax
Goodwill impairment
State taxes, net
Settlement of financial guaranty
Valuation allowance - current year
Valuation allowance on tax benefits - prior
Tax uncertainties
Prior year adjustment in current year
(3.0)
—
(34.9)
(53.9)
—
—
0.2
—
(104.6)
165.8
84.1
5.9
Other items — net
Income tax (benefit) expense
0.1
$ 169.3
(1.0)
—
(11.1)
(17.2)
—
—
0.1
—
(9.4)
13.0
(87.9)
51.4
(27.7)
22.7
(25.4)
47.7
(66.0)
446.2
(260.9)
140.6
(115.2)
128.9
(347.1)
1,761.9
(33.4)
318.3
(1,615.7)
52.9
26.9
1.9
—
15.2
—
(6.3)
4.1
(77.2)
—
32.1
(20.9)
(5.4)
—
(97.6)
(48.7)
(84.7)
—
5.6
—
53.2
—
12.5
4.9
(19.0)
54.1% $
(86.0)
436.5% $ 237.6
(0.5)
—
(8.2)
(4.1)
(7.1)
—
0.5
—
4.5
—
1.1
0.4
(1.6)
20.0%
The components of income taxes for other than continuing operations consisted of the following:
Other comprehensive (income) loss:
Pension/OPEB liability
Mark-to-market adjustments
Other
Total
Paid in capital — stock based compensation
Discontinued Operations
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
$
$
$
$
— $
0.3
5.9
6.2 $
37.1 $
3.6
0.2
40.9 $
83.2
1.8
(9.8)
75.2
— $
(6.0) $
(4.8) $
3.5
(1,216.0) $
(184.5)
137
Table of Contents
Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as
follows:
Deferred tax assets:
Pensions
Postretirement benefits other than pensions
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards
Investments in ventures
Asset retirement obligations
Operating loss carryforwards
Product inventories
Property, plant and equipment and mineral rights
State and local
Lease liabilities
Other liabilities
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment and mineral rights
Investment in ventures
Intangible assets
Product inventories
Other assets
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
(In Millions)
2015
2014
$
106.6 $
36.5
218.7
4.9
5.3
2,791.6
57.2
189.8
59.9
18.3
148.9
3,637.7
(3,372.5)
265.2
(35.5)
(206.6)
(1.5)
(2.5)
(19.1)
(265.2)
$
— $
99.5
50.4
219.1
—
29.4
679.0
25.6
337.8
41.9
14.1
95.6
1,592.4
(1,152.3)
440.1
—
(198.0)
(7.3)
(3.1)
(65.9)
(274.3)
165.8
Following is a summary of the deferred tax amounts as reported in the Statements of Consolidated Financial
Position:
Deferred tax assets:
United States
Foreign
Total deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
United States
Foreign
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
(In Millions)
2015
2014
$
$
— $
—
—
—
—
—
— $
165.8
9.7
175.5
—
9.7
9.7
165.8
At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had $218.7 million and $219.1 million, respectively, of gross deferred tax
assets related to U.S. alternative minimum tax credits that can be carried forward indefinitely.
We had gross domestic (including states) and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, inclusive of discontinued
operations, of $3.9 billion, and $11.1 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2015. We had gross domestic and foreign
net operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2014 of $1.9 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively. The U.S. Federal
138
Table of Contents
net operating losses will begin to expire in 2035 and state net operating losses will begin to expire in 2019. The foreign
net operating losses will begin to expire in 2022. We had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $5.8 million at December 31,
2015 and $5.8 million at December 31, 2014. The foreign tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2020. Additionally,
there is a net operating loss carryforward, inclusive of discontinued operations, of $1.6 billion for Alternative Minimum
Tax. No benefit has been recorded in the financials for this attribute as ASC 740, Income Taxes, does not allow for the
recording of deferred taxes under alternative taxing systems.
We recorded a $2.2 billion net increase in the valuation allowance of certain deferred tax assets where
management believes that realization of the related deferred tax assets is not more likely than not. Of this amount, a
$165.8 million increase was recorded through continuing operations and relates to domestic deferred tax assets recorded
in prior years for which future utilization is currently uncertain. A $111.5 million decrease, also recorded through continuing
operations, relates to the reversal of deferred tax assets due to current year operating activities. The remainder of the
$2.2 billion increase relates primarily to foreign deferred tax assets that were generated through discontinued operations
in which it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized.
At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had no cumulative undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries included
in consolidated retained earnings. Accordingly, no provision has been made for U.S. deferred taxes related to future
repatriation of earnings.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Unrecognized tax benefits balance as of January 1
$
72.6 $
71.8 $
2015
(In Millions)
2014
2013
Increases for tax positions in prior years
Increases for tax positions in current year
Increase due to foreign exchange
Settlements
Lapses in statutes of limitations
Other
Unrecognized tax benefits balance as of December 31
$
6.7
78.5
—
(1.1)
(0.5)
—
156.2 $
—
5.9
(0.2)
—
(3.7)
(1.2)
72.6 $
71.8
53.5
13.0
5.3
—
—
—
—
At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had $156.2 million and $72.6 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax
benefits recorded. Of this amount, $21.5 million and $23.2 million were recorded in Other liabilities and $134.7 million
and $49.4 million were recorded as Other non-current assets in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position for
both years. If the $156.2 million were recognized, only $21.5 million would impact the effective tax rate. We do not
expect that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly within the next twelve months. At
December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had $2.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties related
to the unrecognized tax benefits recorded in Other liabilities in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position.
On July 18, 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-11. Presentation of an Unrecognized
Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (ASU
2013-11). ASU 2013-11 requires the netting of unrecognized tax benefits against a deferred tax asset for a loss or other
carryforward that would apply in settlement of the uncertain tax positions except where the deferred tax asset or other
carryforward are not available for use. The adoption of the pronouncement does not have an impact in the presentation
of our financial statement.
Tax years that remain subject to examination are years 2010 and forward for the U.S. and 2011 and forward for
Australia.
NOTE 10 - LEASE OBLIGATIONS
We lease certain mining, production and other equipment under operating and capital leases. The leases are
for varying lengths, generally at market interest rates and contain purchase and/or renewal options at the end of the
terms. Our operating lease expense was $12.0 million, $17.8 million and $23.6 million for the years ended December 31,
2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Capital lease assets were $32.5 million and $72.7 million at December 31, 2015
and 2014, respectively. In 2014 we had impairment charges of $64.0 million on our capital lease assets at our Asia
Pacific Iron Ore operations. Corresponding accumulated amortization of capital leases included in respective allowances
for depreciation were $8.7 million and $14.9 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
139
Table of Contents
Future minimum payments under capital leases and non-cancellable operating leases at December 31, 2015
are as follows:
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021 and thereafter
Total minimum lease payments
Amounts representing interest
Present value of net minimum lease payments
(In Millions)
Capital Leases
Operating Leases
$
$
$
$
$
24.3
22.3
18.0
10.0
9.0
9.0
92.6
18.5
74.1 (1)
8.4
7.2
6.5
4.8
4.9
5.0
36.8
(1)
The total is comprised of $17.9 million and $56.2 million classified as Other current liabilities and Other liabilities,
respectively, in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position at December 31, 2015.
140
Table of Contents
NOTE 11 - ENVIRONMENTAL AND MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATIONS
We had environmental and mine closure liabilities of $234.0 million and $170.8 million at December 31, 2015
and 2014, respectively. Payments in 2015 and 2014 were $2.6 million and $3.1 million, respectively. The following is a
summary of the obligations as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
2014
$
3.6 $
5.5
22.9
120.9
21.5
165.3
170.8
5.2
165.6
24.1
189.9
16.4
230.4
234.0
2.8
231.2 $
Environmental
Mine closure
LTVSMC
Operating mines:
U.S. Iron Ore
Asia Pacific Iron Ore
Total mine closure
Total environmental and mine closure obligations
Less current portion
Long-term environmental and mine closure obligations
$
Environmental
Our mining and exploration activities are subject to various laws and regulations governing the protection of the
environment. We conduct our operations to protect the public health and environment and believe our operations are
in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in all material respects. Our environmental liabilities of $3.6 million
and $5.5 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, including obligations for known environmental remediation
exposures at various active and closed mining operations and other sites, have been recognized based on the estimated
cost of investigation and remediation at each site. If the cost only can be estimated as a range of possible amounts with
no specific amount being more likely, the minimum of the range is accrued. Future expenditures are not discounted
unless the amount and timing of the cash disbursements readily are known. Potential insurance recoveries have not
been reflected. Additional environmental obligations could be incurred, the extent of which cannot be assessed.
The Rio Tinto Mine Site
The Rio Tinto Mine Site is a historic underground copper mine located near Mountain City, Nevada, where tailings
were placed in Mill Creek; a tributary to the Owyhee River. Site investigation and remediation work is being conducted
in accordance with a Consent Order dated September 14, 2001 between the Nevada DEP and the RTWG composed
of the Company, Atlantic Richfield Company, Teck Cominco American Incorporated and E. I. duPont de Nemours and
Company. The Consent Order provides for technical review by the Rio Tinto Trustees. In recognition of the potential for
an NRD claim, the parties actively pursued a global settlement that included the EPA and encompass both the remedial
action and the NRD issues.
The Nevada DEP published a Record of Decision for the Rio Tinto Mine, which was signed on February 14,
2012 by the Nevada DEP and the EPA. On September 27, 2012, the agencies subsequently issued a proposed Consent
Decree, which was lodged with the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada and subsequently finalized on May 20,
2013. Under the terms of the Consent Decree, the RTWG has agreed to pay over $29.0 million in cleanup costs and
natural resource damages to the site and surrounding area. The Company's share of the total settlement cost, which
includes remedial action, insurance and other oversight costs was $12.2 million. As of December 31, 2015, we have no
remaining required payments related to the Consent Decree compared to as of December 31, 2014, when we had $2.5
million in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position related to this issue.
Mine Closure
Our mine closure obligations of $230.4 million and $165.3 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively,
include our five consolidated U.S. operating iron ore mines, our Asia Pacific operating iron ore mine and a closed operation
formerly operating as LTVSMC.
Management periodically performs an assessment of the obligation to determine the adequacy of the liability in
141
Table of Contents
relation to the closure activities still required at the LTVSMC site. The LTVSMC closure liability was $24.1 million and
$22.9 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. MPCA is presently working on an NPDES permit reissuance
for this facility that could modify the closure liability, but the scale of that change will not be understood until the permit
has been drafted and issued.
The accrued closure obligation for our active mining operations provides for contractual and legal obligations
associated with the eventual closure of the mining operations. We performed a detailed assessment of our asset
retirement obligations related to our active mining locations most recently in 2014 in accordance with our accounting
policy, which requires us to perform an in-depth evaluation of the liability every three years in addition to routine annual
assessments.
For the assessments performed, we determined the obligations based on detailed estimates adjusted for factors
that a market participant would consider (i.e., inflation, overhead and profit) and then discounted the obligation using the
current credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate based on the corresponding life of mine. The estimate also incorporates
incremental increases in the closure cost estimates and changes in estimates of mine lives. The closure date for each
location was determined based on the exhaustion date of the remaining iron ore reserves. The accretion of the liability
and amortization of the related asset is recognized over the estimated mine lives for each location.
The following represents a roll forward of our asset retirement obligation liability related to our active mining
locations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Asset retirement obligation at beginning of period
Accretion expense
Exchange rate changes
Revision in estimated cash flows
Asset retirement obligation at end of period
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
2014
$
$
142.4 $
6.5
(1.1)
58.5
206.3 $
177.6
5.7
(2.4)
(38.5)
142.4
The revisions in estimated cash flows recorded during the year ended December 31, 2015 relate primarily to
revisions in the timing of the estimated cash flows and the technology associated with required storm water management
systems expected to be implemented subsequent to the indefinite idling of one of our U.S. Iron Ore mines.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, the revisions in estimated cash flows recorded during the year primarily
included a downward revision of estimated asset retirement costs for one of our U.S. Iron Ore mines associated with
required storm water management systems. The mine life was extended during 2014, effectively converting certain
asset retirement costs to capital costs over the remaining life-of-mine.
NOTE 12 - GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets of acquired companies
and is not subject to amortization. We assign goodwill arising from acquired companies to the reporting units that are
expected to benefit from the synergies of the acquisition. Our reporting units are either at the operating segment level
or a component one level below our operating segments that constitutes a business for which management generally
reviews production and financial results of that component. Decisions often are made as to capital expenditures,
investments and production plans at the component level as part of the ongoing management of the related operating
segment. We have determined that our Asia Pacific Iron Ore operating segment constitutes a separate reporting unit
and that Northshore within our U.S. Iron Ore operating segment constitutes a reporting unit. Goodwill is allocated among
and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level in the fourth quarter of each year or as circumstances occur that
potentially indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may exceed their fair value.
During the third quarter of 2014, a goodwill impairment charge of $73.5 million was recorded for our Asia Pacific
Iron Ore reporting segment. The impairment charge was a result of downward long-term pricing estimates as determined
through management's long-range planning process.
Refer to NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS for further information.
142
Table of Contents
The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill allocated by operating segment for
the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2014
(In Millions)
U.S. Iron
Ore
Asia Pacific
Iron Ore
Total
U.S. Iron
Ore
Asia Pacific
Iron Ore
Total
Beginning Balance
Impairment
Impact of foreign currency translation
Ending Balance
Accumulated goodwill impairment loss
$
$
$
$
2.0
—
—
2.0
$
— $
— $
—
—
— $
(73.5) $
$
2.0
—
—
$
2.0
(73.5) $
$
2.0
—
—
2.0
$
— $
$
72.5
(73.5)
1.0
— $
(73.5) $
74.5
(73.5)
1.0
2.0
(73.5)
Other Intangible Assets and Liabilities
Following is a summary of intangible assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2014
(In Millions)
Classification
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Definite-lived intangible
assets:
Permits
Other non-current assets
Total intangible assets
Below-market sales
contracts
Below-market sales
contracts
Total below-market
sales contracts
Other current liabilities
$
$
$
78.4
78.4
$
$
(20.2) $
(20.2) $
58.2
58.2
$
$
79.2
79.2
$
$
(16.5) $
(16.5) $
62.7
62.7
(23.1) $
— $
(23.1) $
(23.0) $
— $
(23.0)
Other liabilities
(205.8)
205.8
—
(205.9)
182.8
(23.1)
$
(228.9) $
205.8
$
(23.1) $
(228.9) $
182.8
$
(46.1)
Amortization expense relating to intangible assets was $4.2 million, $8.4 million and $8.4 million for the years
ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and is recognized in Cost of goods sold and operating expenses in the
Statements of Consolidated Operations. During the year ended December 31, 2014, an impairment charge of $13.8
million was recorded related to the permits intangible asset and is recognized in Impairment of goodwill and other long-
lived assets in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. There were no impairment charges recorded for definite-
lived intangible assets in 2015 or 2013. The estimated amortization expense relating to intangible assets for each of the
five succeeding years is as follows:
Year Ending December 31
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Total
(In Millions)
Amount
3.8
4.3
4.1
3.5
2.5
18.2
$
The below-market sales contract is classified as a liability and recognized over the term of the underlying contract,
which has a remaining life of approximately one year and expires December 31, 2016. For the years ended December 31,
2015, 2014 and 2013, we recognized $23.1 million, $23.1 million and $26.9 million, respectively, in Product revenues
related to below-market sales contracts. We estimate that $23.1 million will be recognized in Product revenues for the
succeeding fiscal year.
143
Table of Contents
NOTE 13 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The following table presents the fair value of our derivative instruments and the classification of each in the
Statements of Consolidated Financial Position as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
(In Millions)
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2014
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2014
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
—
—
Other
current
liabilities
—
21.6
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
21.6
$
—
$
—
$
—
Other
current
liabilities
$
9.9
Other
current
assets
Other
current
assets
Other
current
assets
—
5.8
2.0
7.8
7.8
$
$
Other
current
liabilities
—
63.2
Other
current
liabilities
—
$
$
63.2
63.2
$
$
0.6
—
3.4
4.0
4.0
Other
current
liabilities
—
—
9.5
$
$
19.4
41.0
Derivative
Instrument
Derivatives designated as hedging
instruments under ASC 815:
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Total derivatives designated as
hedging instruments under ASC
815
Derivatives not designated as
hedging instruments under ASC
815:
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Commodity Contracts
Customer Supply Agreements
Provisional Pricing Arrangements
Total derivatives not designated as
hedging instruments under ASC
815:
Total derivatives
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Australian Foreign Exchange Contracts
We are subject to changes in foreign currency exchange rates as a result of our operations in Australia. With
respect to Australia, foreign exchange risk arises from our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates
because the functional currency of our Asia Pacific operations is the Australian dollar. Our Asia Pacific operations receive
funds in U.S. currency for their iron ore sales.
We were using foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge our foreign currency exposure for a portion of our
U.S. dollar sales receipts in our Australian functional currency entities. For our Australian operations, U.S. dollars were
converted to Australian dollars at the currency exchange rate in effect during the period the transaction occurred. The
primary objective for the use of these instruments was to reduce exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and
to protect against undue adverse movement in these exchange rates. These instruments qualify for hedge accounting
treatment and are tested for effectiveness at inception and at least once each reporting period. If and when any of our
hedge contracts are determined not to be highly effective as hedges, the underlying hedged transaction is no longer
likely to occur, or the derivative is terminated, hedge accounting is discontinued. As discussed in NOTE 1 - BASIS OF
PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, we suspended entering into new foreign exchange rate
contracts and we have waived compliance with our current derivative financial instruments and hedging activities policy
through December 31, 2016.
144
Table of Contents
As of December 31, 2015, we had no outstanding Australian foreign currency exchange contracts. This compares
with outstanding Australian foreign currency exchange contracts with a notional amount of $220.0 million as of
December 31, 2014.
Changes in fair value of highly effective hedges are recorded as a component of Accumulated other
comprehensive loss in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. Any ineffectiveness is recognized immediately
in income. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, there was no material ineffectiveness recorded for foreign exchange
contracts that were classified as cash flow hedges. However, certain Australian hedge contracts were de-designated
during the first quarter of 2015 and no longer qualified for hedge accounting treatment. All of these de-designated hedges
were settled and were no longer outstanding by March 31, 2015. The de-designated hedges are discussed within the
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments section of this footnote. Amounts recorded as a component of
Accumulated other comprehensive loss are reclassified into earnings in the same period the forecasted transactions
affect earnings. As of December 31, 2015, no amounts remain in Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the
designated Australian hedge contracts as the last forecasted transaction occured in October 2015.
Interest Rate Risk Management
Interest rate risk is managed using a portfolio of variable-rate and fixed-rate debt composed of short-term and
long-term instruments, such as U.S. treasury lock agreements and variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps. From time to
time, these instruments, which are derivative instruments, are entered into to facilitate the maintenance of the desired
ratio of variable-rate to fixed-rate debt.
In the second quarter of 2012, we entered into U.S. treasury lock agreements with a notional value of $200.0
million to hedge the exposure to the possible rise in the interest rate prior to the issuance of the five-year senior notes
due 2018 discussed in NOTE 5 - DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES. These derivative instruments were designated and
qualified as cash flow hedges. The U.S. treasury locks were settled in the fourth quarter of 2012 upon the issuance of
$500.0 million principal amount of the senior notes due 2018 for a cumulative after-tax loss of $1.3 million, which was
recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is being amortized to Other non-operating income (expense)
over the life of the senior notes due 2018. Approximately $0.1 million net of tax was recognized in earnings in both 2014
and 2015 and approximately $0.1 million net of tax is expected to be recognized in earnings in 2016.
The following summarizes the effect of our derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments, net of tax
in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Statements of Consolidated Operations for the years ended
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
Derivatives in Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
Australian Dollar Foreign
Exchange Contracts
(hedge designation)
Australian Dollar Foreign
Exchange Contracts
(prior to de-designation)
Canadian Dollar Foreign Exchange
Contracts
(hedge designation)
Canadian Dollar Foreign
Exchange Contracts
(prior to de-designation)
Treasury Locks
Total
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in OCI on
Derivative
(Effective Portion)
Year Ended
December 31,
(In Millions)
Location of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from Accumulated OCI
into Earnings
(Effective Portion)
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from Accumulated
OCI into Earnings
(Effective Portion)
Year Ended
December 31,
2015
2014
2013
2015
2014
2013
$
(2.0) $ (13.9) $ (34.7)
Product revenues
$
(7.4) $ (13.2) $ (11.9)
(4.5)
—
—
Product revenues
(11.3)
—
—
—
(8.2)
(17.7)
(1.9)
—
—
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
$ (18.8) $ (31.0) $ (22.1)
—
—
—
—
(12.9)
Cost of goods sold and
operating expenses
(14.3)
(4.1)
—
—
Cost of goods sold and
operating expenses
Other non-operating
income (expense)
$
(6.5) $ (28.2) $ (51.7)
145
Table of Contents
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Exchange Contracts
During the first quarter of 2015, in connection with our refinancing initiatives, we discontinued hedge accounting
and early-settled certain of our Australian foreign currency exchange contracts associated with Asia Pacific Iron Ore
operations. Subsequent to de-designation, no further foreign currency exchange rate contracts were entered into for
the Asia Pacific Iron Ore operations. The amounts that were previously recorded as a component of Accumulated other
comprehensive loss prior to de-designation and remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of de-designation
were reclassified to earnings and a corresponding realized loss was recognized when the forecasted cash flow occurred.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, we reclassified losses of $12.6 million from Accumulated other comprehensive
loss and recorded the amounts as Product revenues in the Statements of Consolidated Operations upon the occurrence
of the forecasted cash flows associated with each de-designated and early-settled contract. For the year ended December
31, 2015, prior to the de-designation of the Asia Pacific Iron Ore hedges at the end of the first quarter of 2015, we
reclassified losses of $6.3 million from Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to contracts that matured during
the year, and recorded the amounts as Product revenues in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. As of December
31, 2015, no gains or losses remain in Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the effective cash flow hedge
contracts prior to de-designation and early-settlement.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, we discontinued hedge accounting for Canadian foreign currency exchange
contracts for all outstanding contracts associated with Bloom Lake operations as projected future cash flows were no
longer considered probable or reasonably possible, but we continued to hold these instruments as economic hedges to
manage currency risk. Our parent company held the Canadian foreign currency exchange contracts and the contracts
were unaffected by Bloom Lake General Partner Limited and certain of its affiliates filing under the CCAA on January
27, 2015. Subsequent to de-designation, no further foreign currency exchange contracts were entered into for the Bloom
Lake operations. As of December 31, 2015 no de-designated foreign exchange rate contracts remained outstanding.
All outstanding Canadian de-designated foreign exchange rate contracts settled by the end of September 2015. As of
December 31, 2014,the de-designated outstanding foreign exchange rate contracts had a notional amount of $183.0
million in the form of forward contracts.
The amounts that were previously recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss prior to
de-designation and remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2014 were reclassified to
earnings upon the de-designation of the hedges as the hedges would not be effective prospectively due to the projected
future cash flows associated with the hedges no longer being considered probable or reasonably possible. We reclassified
losses of $7.3 million from Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to contracts that had not matured during the
year, and recorded the amounts as Cost of goods sold and operating expenses on the Statements of Consolidated
Operations. A corresponding realized gain or loss was recognized in each period until settlement of the related economic
hedge during 2015. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the change in fair value of these de-designated foreign
currency exchange contracts resulted in net losses of $3.6 million.
We previously discontinued hedge accounting for Canadian foreign currency exchange contracts for all
outstanding contracts associated with the Wabush operation and the Ferroalloys operating segment as projected future
cash flows were no longer considered probable, but we continued to hold these instruments as economic hedges to
manage currency risk. Subsequent to de-designation, no further foreign currency exchange contracts were entered into
for the Wabush operation or the Ferroalloys operating segment. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were no
outstanding de-designated foreign currency exchange rate contracts as all remaining de-designated foreign exchange
contracts matured during the second quarter of 2014.
Prior to the maturation of the contracts and as a result of discontinued hedge accounting, the instruments were
prospectively adjusted to fair value each reporting period through Cost of goods sold and operating expenses in the
Statements of Consolidated Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the change in fair value of
our de-designated foreign currency exchange contracts resulted in net losses of $3.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
The amounts that were previously recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss prior to de-
designation were reclassified to earnings and a corresponding realized gain or loss was recognized when the forecasted
cash flow occurred. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we reclassified losses of $0.5 million and $1.9
million, respectively, from Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to contracts that matured during the year, and
recorded the amounts as Cost of goods sold and operating expenses in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. All
the remaining contracts matured during the second quarter of 2014 and as of the period ended June 30, 2014, no gains
or losses remained in Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the effective cash flow hedge contracts prior to
de-designation.
146
Table of Contents
Fair Value Hedges
Interest Rate Hedges
Our fixed-to-variable interest rate swap derivative instruments, with a notional amount of $250.0 million, were
de-designated and settled during August 2014. Prior to settlement, the derivatives were designated and qualified as fair
value hedges. The objective of the hedges was to offset changes in the fair value of our debt instruments associated
with fluctuations in the benchmark LIBOR interest rate as part of our risk management strategy.
Prior to de-designation and settlement, when the interest rate swap derivative instruments were designated and
qualified as fair-value hedges, the gain or loss on the hedge instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the
hedged item attributable to the hedged risk were recognized in net income. We included the gain or loss on the derivative
instrument and the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item in Other non-operating income (expense). The net gains
recognized in Other non-operating income (expense) for the year ended December 31, 2014 were $0.3 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, the fixed-to-variable interest rate swap derivative instruments were
designated and qualified as fair-value hedges. The gain or loss on the hedge instrument as well as the offsetting loss
or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk was recognized in net income. We included the gain or loss
on the derivative instrument and the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item in Other non-operating income (expense).
The net gain recognized in Other non-operating income (expense) for year ended December 31, 2013 was $0.1 million.
Customer Supply Agreements
Most of our U.S. Iron Ore long-term supply agreements are comprised of a base price with annual price adjustment
factors. The base price is the primary component of the purchase price for each contract. The indexed price adjustment
factors are integral to the iron ore supply contracts and vary based on the agreement, but typically include adjustments
based upon changes in the Platts 62 percent Fe fines spot price and/or international pellet prices and changes in specified
Producer Price Indices, including those for industrial commodities, energy and steel. The pricing adjustments generally
operate in the same manner, with each factor typically comprising a portion of the price adjustment, although the weighting
of each factor varies based upon the specific terms of each agreement. In most cases, these adjustment factors have
not been finalized at the time our product is sold. In these cases, we historically have estimated the adjustment factors
at each reporting period based upon the best third-party information available. The estimates are then adjusted to actual
when the information has been finalized. The price adjustment factors have been evaluated to determine if they contain
embedded derivatives. The price adjustment factors share the same economic characteristics and risks as the host
contract and are integral to the host contract as inflation adjustments; accordingly, they have not been separately valued
as derivative instruments. Certain of our term supply agreements contain price collars, which typically limit the percentage
increase or decrease in prices for our products during any given year.
A certain supply agreement with one U.S. Iron Ore customer provides for supplemental revenue or refunds to
the customer based on the customer’s average annual steel pricing at the time the product is consumed in the customer’s
blast furnace. The supplemental pricing is characterized as a freestanding derivative and is required to be accounted
for separately once the product is shipped. The derivative instrument, which is finalized based on a future price, is
adjusted to fair value as a revenue adjustment each reporting period until the pellets are consumed and the amounts
are settled.
We recognized $27.1 million, $187.8 million and $149.2 million as Product revenues in the Statements of
Consolidated Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to the
supplemental payments. Other current assets, representing the fair value of the pricing factors, were $5.8 million and
$63.2 million in the December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 Statements of Consolidated Financial Position,
respectively.
Provisional Pricing Arrangements
Certain of our U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore customer supply agreements specify provisional price
calculations, where the pricing mechanisms generally are based on market pricing, with the final revenue rate to be
based on market inputs at a specified period in time in the future, per the terms of the supply agreements. U.S. Iron Ore
sales revenue is primarily recognized when cash is received. For U.S. Iron Ore sales, the difference between the
provisionally agreed-upon price and the estimated final revenue rate is characterized as a freestanding derivative and
must be accounted for separately once the provisional revenue has been recognized. Asia Pacific Iron Ore sales revenue
is recorded initially at the provisionally agreed-upon price with the pricing provision embedded in the receivable. The
pricing provision is an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated and accounted for separately from the receivable.
Subsequently, the derivative instruments for both U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific Iron Ore are adjusted to fair value through
147
Table of Contents
Product revenues each reporting period based upon current market data and forward-looking estimates provided by
management until the final revenue rate is determined. At December 31, 2015 we recorded $2.0 million as Other current
assets in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position related to our estimate of the final revenue rate with any of
our customers. At December 31, 2014, we recorded no Other current assets in the Statements of Consolidated Financial
Position related to our estimate of the final revenue rate with any of our customers. At December 31, 2015 and
December 31, 2014, we recorded $3.4 million and $9.5 million, respectively, as Other current liabilities in the Statements
of Consolidated Financial Position related to our estimate of final revenue rate with our U.S. Iron Ore and Asia Pacific
Iron Ore customers. These amounts represent the difference between the provisional price agreed upon with our
customers based on the supply agreement terms and our estimate of the final revenue rate based on the price calculations
established in the supply agreements. As a result, we recognized a net $1.4 million decrease in Product revenues in
the Statements of Consolidated Operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 related to these arrangements. This
compares with a net $9.5 million decrease and a net $7.5 million decrease in Product revenues for the comparable
periods in 2014 and 2013.
The following summarizes the effect of our derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments in the
Statements of Consolidated Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
(In Millions)
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in
Income on Derivative
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Commodity Contracts
Other non-operating income
(expense) (1)
Product revenues
Cost of goods sold and operating
expenses
Customer Supply Agreements
Product revenues
Provisional Pricing Arrangements
Product revenues
Total
Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivative
Year Ended
December 31,
2015
2014
2013
$
(3.6) $
(16.9) $
(0.6)
(12.6)
(4.0)
27.1
(1.4)
5.5 $
$
—
—
—
—
187.8
(9.5)
149.2
(7.5)
161.4 $
141.1
(1)
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the location of the Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative for Foreign
Exchange Contracts was Cost of goods sold and operating expenses.
Refer to NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS for additional information.
NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The information below sets forth selected financial information related to operating results of our businesses
classified as discontinued operations. While the reclassification of revenues and expenses related to discontinued
operations from prior periods have no impact upon previously reported net income, the Statements of Consolidated
Operations present the revenues and expenses that were reclassified from the specified line items to discontinued
operations and the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position present the assets and liabilities that were reclassified
from the specified line items to assets and liabilities of discontinued operations.
148
Table of Contents
The chart below provides an asset group breakout for each financial statement line impacted by discontinued
operations.
(In Millions)
Canadian Operations
North
American
Coal
Eastern
Canadian
Iron Ore
Total
Canadian
Operations
Total of
Discontinued
Operations
Other
Statements of Consolidated Operations
Loss from Discontinued
Operations, net of tax
Loss from Discontinued
Operations, net of tax
Loss from Discontinued
Operations, net of tax (1)
YTD
December 31, 2015 $
(152.4) $
(638.7) $ (101.0) $
(739.7) $
(892.1)
YTD
December 31, 2014
YTD
December 31, 2013
$ (1,134.5) $ (6,952.9) $ (280.6) $
(7,233.5) $
(8,368.0)
$
(9.3) $
(370.4) $ (139.4) $
(509.8) $
(519.1)
Statements of Consolidated Financial Position
Short-term assets of discontinued
operations
Long-term assets of discontinued
operations
Short-term liabilities of
discontinued operations
Long-term liabilities of
discontinued operations
As of
December 31, 2015 $
14.9
$
— $
— $
— $
14.9
As of
December 31, 2015 $
— $
— $
— $
— $
As of
December 31, 2015 $
6.9
$
— $
— $
— $
As of
December 31, 2015 $
— $
— $
— $
— $
Short-term assets of discontinued
operations
As of
December 31, 2014
Long-term assets of discontinued
operations
As of
December 31, 2014
Short-term liabilities of
discontinued operations
Long-term liabilities of
discontinued operations
As of
December 31, 2014
As of
December 31, 2014
$
$
$
$
140.1
113.3
80.1
117.3
Non-Cash Operating and Investing Activities
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization:
Purchase of property, plant and
equipment
Impairment of goodwill and other
long-lived assets
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization:
Purchase of property, plant and
equipment
YTD
December 31, 2015 $
3.2
YTD
December 31, 2015 $
15.9
YTD
December 31, 2015 $
73.4
YTD
December 31, 2014
YTD
December 31, 2014
Impairment of goodwill and other
long-lived assets
YTD
December 31, 2014
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization:
Purchase of property, plant and
equipment
YTD
December 31, 2013
YTD
December 31, 2013
Impairment of goodwill and other
long-lived assets
YTD
December 31, 2013
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
183.5 $
3.3 $
186.8
256.0 $
13.7 $
269.7
316.3 $
3.0 $
319.3
304.6 $
5.6 $
310.2
$
$
$
$
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
106.9
29.9
857.5
128.9
64.1
$
$
$
$
$
$
135.6 $
0.5 $
136.1
190.3 $
— $
190.3
7,269.2 $
267.6 $
7,536.8
178.6 $
1.0 $
179.6
718.3 $
1.0 $
719.3
$
$
$
$
$
$
— $
154.6 $
81.8 $
236.4
—
6.9
—
326.9
383.0
399.4
427.5
3.2
15.9
73.4
243.0
220.2
8,394.3
308.5
783.4
236.4
(1)
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax during the year end December 31, 2013 also includes an additional income
tax benefit of $2.0 million resulting from the actual tax gain from the Sale of Sonoma as included in the 2012 tax return, which
was filed during the year ended December 31, 2013. During the fourth quarter of 2012, we sold our 45 percent economic
interest in Sonoma. The Sonoma operations previously were included in Other within our reportable segments.
149
Table of Contents
North American Coal Operations
Background
As we continue to execute our strategy which focuses on strengthening our U.S. Iron Ore operations,
management determined as of March 31, 2015 that our North American Coal operating segment met the criteria to be
classified as held for sale under ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. The North American Coal segment
continued to meet the criteria throughout 2015 until we sold our held for sale North American Coal operations during the
fourth quarter of 2015. As such, all current and historical North American Coal operating segment results are included
in our financial statements and classified within discontinued operations.
In the first quarter of 2015, as part of the held for sale classification assigned to North American Coal, an
impairment of $73.4 million was recorded. The impairment charge was to reduce the assets to their estimated fair value
which was determined based on potential sales scenarios. No further impairment was recorded in 2015.
Consistent with our strategy to extract maximum value from our current assets, we sold all the remaining North
American Coal operations during the fourth quarter of 2015. On December 22, 2015, we closed the sale of our remaining
North American Coal business which included Pinnacle mine in West Virginia and Oak Grove mine in Alabama. Pinnacle
mine and Oak Grove mine were sold to Seneca and the deal structure was a sale of equity interests of our remaining
coal business. Additionally, Seneca may pay Cliffs an earn-out of up to $50 million contingent upon the terms of a revenue
sharing agreement which extends through the year 2020. However, we have not recorded a gain contingency in relation
to this earn-out. We recorded the results of this sale in our fourth quarter earnings within Loss from Discontinued
Operations, net of tax as the transaction closed on December 22, 2015.
On December 31, 2014, we completed the sale of our CLCC assets in West Virginia to Coronado Coal II, LLC,
an affiliate of Coronado Coal LLC, for $174.0 million in cash and the assumption of certain liabilities, of which $155.0
million was collected as of December 31, 2014. We recorded the results of this sale in our fourth quarter earnings within
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax as the transaction closed on December 31, 2014.
Loss on Discontinued Operations
Our planned sale of the Oak Grove and Pinnacle mine assets represented a strategic shift in our business. For
that reason, our previously reported North American Coal operating segment results for all periods, prior to the March
31, 2015 held for sale determination, are classified as discontinued operations. On December 22, 2015, we completed
the sale of the Oak Grove and Pinnacle mines, which marked our exit from the coal business. Historic results also include
our CLCC assets, which were sold during the fourth quarter of 2014.
(In Millions)
Loss from Discontinued Operations
Revenues from product sales and services
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses
Sales margin
Other operating (expense)/income
Gain (loss) on sale of coal mines
Other expense
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
Impairment of long-lived assets
Income tax benefit (expense)
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
2014
2013
2015
687.1 $
821.9
$
392.9 $
(449.2)
(56.3)
(30.4)
9.3
(1.8)
(79.2)
(73.4)
0.2
(822.9)
(135.8)
(20.8)
(419.6)
(3.0)
(579.2)
(857.5)
302.2
(836.4)
(14.5)
13.8
—
(2.4)
(3.1)
—
(6.2)
(9.3)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
(152.4) $ (1,134.5) $
150
Table of Contents
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about the impairment charge on non-financial assets that was measured
on a fair value basis at March 31, 2015 for the North American Coal operations. There were no financial and non-financial
assets and liabilities that were measured on a non-recurring fair value basis at December 31, 2015 for the North American
Coal operations. The table also indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques used to determine such
fair value.
(In Millions)
March 31, 2015
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets/
Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Total
Losses
$
$
— $
— $
— $
— $
20.4 $
20.4 $
20.4 $
20.4 $
73.4
73.4
Description
Assets:
Other long-lived assets - Property, plant and
equipment and Mineral rights: North American
Coal operating unit
In the first quarter of 2015, as part of the held for sale classification assigned to North American Coal, an
impairment charge of $73.4 million was recorded. The impairment charge was to reduce the assets to their estimated
fair value which was determined based on potential sales scenarios. We determined the fair value and recoverability of
our North American Coal operating segment by comparing the estimated fair value of the underlying assets and liabilities
to the estimated sales price of the operating segment held for sale. No further impairment was recorded in 2015.
Recorded Assets and Liabilities
Assets and Liabilities of Discontinued Operations (1)
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories
Supplies and other inventories
Other current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
Other non-current assets
Total assets of discontinued operations
Accounts payable
Accrued liabilities
Other current liabilities
Pension and postemployment benefit liabilities
Environmental and mine closure obligations
Other liabilities
Total liabilities of discontinued operations
(In Millions)
December 31,
2015
December 31,
2014
$
$
$
$
— $
—
—
14.9
—
—
14.9 $
— $
—
6.9
—
—
—
6.9 $
44.8
50.3
28.2
16.8
94.7
18.6
253.4
22.4
27.9
29.8
47.1
33.9
36.3
197.4
(1)
At December 31, 2015, we also recorded $7.8 million of contingent liabilities associated with our exit from the
coal business. These contingent liabilities are recorded on our parent company.
151
Table of Contents
As part of the CLCC asset sale during the fourth quarter of 2014, there was an amount placed in escrow to cover
decreases in working capital, indemnity obligations and regulatory liabilities. The amount held in escrow was $14.9 million
and $17.5 million at December 31, 2015, and 2014, respectively and recorded within Short-term assets of discontinued
operations and Long-term assets of discontinued operations, respectively, on the Statements of Consolidated Financial
Position.
Income Taxes
We have recognized a tax benefit of $0.2 million and $302.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and
2014, respectively, in Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax, related to a loss on our North American Coal
investments. The benefit for the year ended December 31, 2014 is primarily the result of the impairment of long-lived
assets in the third quarter of 2014. We recognized a tax expense of $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013
in Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax, related to the impact of the North American Coal losses on the AMT
credit and associated valuation allowance.
Canadian Operations
Background
On November 30, 2013, we suspended indefinitely our Chromite Project in Northern Ontario. The Chromite
Project remained suspended throughout 2014 and until final sale in 2015. Our Wabush Scully iron ore mine in
Newfoundland and Labrador was idled by the end of the first quarter of 2014 and subsequently began to commence
permanent closure in the fourth quarter of 2014. During 2014, we also limited exploration spending on the Labrador
Trough South property in Québec. In November 2014, we announced that we were pursuing exit options for our Eastern
Canadian Iron Ore operations. In December 2014, iron ore production at the Bloom Lake mine was suspended and the
Bloom Lake mine was placed in "care-and-maintenance" mode. Together, the suspension of exploration efforts, shutdown
of the Wabush Scully mine and the cessation of operations at our Bloom Lake mine represent a complete curtailment of
our Canadian operations.
On January 27, 2015, we announced the Bloom Filing under the CCAA with the Québec Court in Montreal. At
that time, the Bloom Lake Group was no longer generating revenues and was not able to meet its obligations as they
came due. The Bloom Filing addressed the Bloom Lake Group's immediate liquidity issues and permits the Bloom Lake
Group to preserve and protect its assets for the benefit of all stakeholders while restructuring and sale options are
explored. As part of the CCAA process, the Court approved the appointment of a Monitor and certain other financial
advisors.
Additionally, on May 20, 2015, we announced the Wabush Filing in the Court under the CCAA. As a result of
this action, the CCAA protections granted to the Bloom Lake Group were extended to include the Wabush Group to
facilitate the reorganization of each of their businesses and operations. The Wabush Group was no longer generating
revenues and was not able to meet its obligations as they came due. The inclusion of the Wabush Group in the existing
Bloom Filing facilitates a more comprehensive restructuring and sale process of both the Bloom Lake Group and the
Wabush Group which collectively include mine, port and rail assets and leads to a more effective and streamlined exit
from Eastern Canada. The Wabush Filing also mitigates various legacy related long-term liabilities associated with the
Wabush Group. As part of the Wabush Filing, the Court approved the appointment of a Monitor and certain other financial
advisors. The Monitor of the Wabush Group is also the Monitor of the Bloom Lake Group.
As a result of the Bloom Filing on January 27, 2015, we no longer have a controlling interest in the Bloom Lake
Group. For that reason, we deconsolidated the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries effective
January 27, 2015, which resulted in a pretax impairment loss on deconsolidation and other charges, totaling $818.7
million that was recorded in the first quarter of 2015. The pretax loss on deconsolidation includes the derecognition of
the carrying amounts of the Bloom Lake Group and certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries assets, liabilities and
accumulated other comprehensive loss and the recording of our remaining interests at fair value.
As a result of the Wabush Filing, we deconsolidated certain Wabush Group wholly-owned subsidiaries effective
May 20, 2015. The certain wholly-owned subsidiaries that were deconsolidated effective May 20, 2015 are Wabush
Group entities that were not deconsolidated as part of the deconsolidation effective January 27, 2015 as discussed
previously in this section. This deconsolidation, effective May 20, 2015, resulted in a pretax gain on deconsolidation and
other charges, totaling $134.7 million. The pretax gain on deconsolidation includes the derecognition of the carrying
amounts of these certain deconsolidated Wabush Group wholly-owned subsidiaries' assets, liabilities and accumulated
other comprehensive loss and the adjustment of our remaining interests in the Canadian Entities to fair value.
152
Table of Contents
Subsequent to each of the deconsolidations discussed above, we utilized the cost method to account for our
investment in the Canadian Entities, which has been reflected as zero in our Statements of Consolidated Financial
Position as of December 31, 2015 based on the estimated fair value of the Canadian Entities' net assets. Loans to and
accounts receivable from the Canadian Entities are recorded at an estimated fair value of $72.9 million classified as
Loans to and accounts receivables from the Canadian Entities in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position as
of December 31, 2015.
Loss on Discontinued Operations
Our Canadian exit represents a strategic shift in our business. For this reason, our previously reported Eastern
Canadian Iron Ore and Ferroalloys operating segment results for all periods prior to the respective deconsolidations, as
well as costs to exit, are classified as discontinued operations.
(In Millions)
Loss from Discontinued Operations
Revenues from product sales and services
Cost of goods sold and operating expenses
Eliminations with continuing operations
Sales margin
Other operating (expense)/income
Other expense
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
Loss from deconsolidation
Impairment of long-lived assets
Income tax benefit
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
2014
2013
2015
$
11.3 $
(11.1)
563.5 $
978.7
(808.4)
(1,082.0)
—
0.2
(33.8)
(1.0)
(34.6)
(710.9)
(53.6)
(298.5)
(306.3)
(5.6)
(610.4)
—
—
5.8
(7,536.8)
913.7
(217.3)
(320.6)
(151.5)
10.0
(462.1)
—
(236.4)
188.7
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
(739.7) $ (7,233.5) $
(509.8)
Canadian Entities loss from deconsolidation totaled $710.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31,
2015 and included the following:
Investment impairment on deconsolidation (1)
Guarantees and contingent liabilities
Total loss from deconsolidation
(In Millions)
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
2015
$
$
(507.8)
(203.1)
(710.9)
(1) Includes the adjustment to fair value of our remaining interest in the Canadian Entities.
As a result of the deconsolidation, we recorded accrued expenses for the estimated probable loss related to
claims that may be asserted against us, primarily under guarantees of certain debt arrangements and leases for a loss
on deconsolidation of $203.1 million, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015.
Investments in the Canadian Entities
Cliffs continues to indirectly own a majority of the interest in the Canadian Entities but has deconsolidated those
entities because Cliffs no longer has a controlling interest as a result of the Bloom Filing and the Wabush Filing. At the
respective dates of deconsolidation, January 27, 2015 or May 20, 2015 and subsequently at each reporting period, we
adjusted our investment in the Canadian Entities to fair value with a corresponding charge to Loss from Discontinued
Operations, net of tax. As the estimated amount of the Canadian Entities' liabilities exceeded the estimated fair value
of the assets available for distribution to its creditors, the fair value of Cliffs’ equity investment is approximately zero.
153
Table of Contents
Amounts Receivable from the Canadian Entities
Prior to the deconsolidations, various Cliffs wholly-owned entities made loans to the Canadian Entities for the
purpose of funding its operations and had accounts receivable generated in the ordinary course of business. The loans,
corresponding interest and the accounts receivable were considered intercompany transactions and eliminated in our
consolidated financial statements. Additionally, we procured funding subsequent to the deconsolidation through a debtor-
in-possession credit facility (the "DIP financing"). Since the deconsolidations, the loans, associated interest and accounts
receivable are considered related party transactions and have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements
at their estimated fair value of $72.9 million classified as Other current assets in the Statements of Consolidated Financial
Position at December 31, 2015.
Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities
Certain liabilities, consisting primarily of equipment loans and environmental obligations of the Canadian Entities,
were secured through corporate guarantees and standby letters of credit. As of December 31, 2015, we have liabilities
of $96.5 million and $35.9 million in our consolidated results, classified as Guarantees and Other liabilities, respectively,
in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position.
Contingencies
The recorded expenses include an accrual for the estimated probable loss related to claims that may be asserted
against us, primarily under guarantees of certain debt arrangements and leases. The beneficiaries of those guarantees
may seek damages or other related relief as a result of our exit from Canada. Our probable loss estimate is based on
the expectation that claims will be asserted against us and negotiated settlements will be reached, and not on any
determination that it is probable we would be found liable were these claims to be litigated. Our estimates involve
significant judgment. Our estimates are based on currently available information, an assessment of the validity of certain
claims and estimated payments by the Canadian Entities. We are not able to reasonably estimate a range of possible
losses in excess of the accrual because there are significant factual and legal issues to be resolved. We believe that it
is reasonably possible that future changes to our estimates of loss and the ultimate amount paid on these claims could
be material to our results of operations in future periods. Any such losses would be reported in discontinued operations.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about the financial assets and liabilities that were measured on a fair
value basis at December 31, 2015 for the Canadian Operations. The table also indicates the fair value hierarchy of the
valuation techniques used to determine such fair value.
(In Millions)
December 31, 2015
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets/
Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Total
Losses
Description
Assets:
Loans to and accounts receivables from the
Canadian Entities
Liabilities:
Guarantees and contingent liabilities
$
$
— $
— $
72.9 $
72.9 $
507.8
— $
— $
132.4 $
132.4 $
203.1
We determined the fair value and recoverability of our Canadian investments by comparing the estimated fair
value of the remaining underlying assets of the Canadian Entities to remaining estimated liabilities. We recorded the
guarantees and contingent liabilities at book value which best approximated fair value.
Outstanding liabilities include accounts payable and other liabilities, forward commitments, unsubordinated
related party payables, lease liabilities and other potential claims. Potential claims include an accrual for the estimated
probable loss related to claims that may be asserted against the Bloom Lake Group and Wabush Group under certain
contracts. Claimants may seek damages or other related relief as a result of the Canadian Entities' exit from Canada.
Based on our estimates, the fair value of liabilities exceeds the fair value of assets.
154
Table of Contents
To assess the fair value and recoverability of the amounts receivable from the Canadian Entities, we estimated
the fair value of the underlying net assets of the Canadian Entities available for distribution to their creditors in relation
to the estimated creditor claims and the priority of those claims.
Our estimates involve significant judgment and are based on currently available information, an assessment of
the validity of certain claims and estimated payments made by the Canadian Entities. Our ultimate recovery is subject
to the final liquidation value of the Canadian Entities. Further, the final liquidation value and ultimate recovery of the
creditors of the Canadian Entities, including Cliffs Natural Resources and various subsidiaries, may impact our estimates
of contingent liability exposure described previously.
Pre-Petition Financing
Prior to the Wabush Filing on May 20, 2015, a secured credit facility (the "Pre-Petition financing") was put into
place to provide support to the Wabush Group for ongoing business activities until the DIP financing was in place. As of
December 31, 2015, there was a total of $7.2 million drawn and outstanding under the Pre-Petition financing funded by
Wabush Iron Co. Limited’s parent company, Cliffs Mining Company. The Pre-Petition financing amount of $7.2 million
is included within the Loans to and accounts receivables from the Canadian Entities of $72.9 million. The Pre-Petition
financing is secured by certain equipment of the Wabush Group.
DIP Financing
In connection with the Wabush Filing on May 20, 2015, the Court approved the DIP financing to the Wabush
Group, which provides for borrowings under the facility up to $10.0 million. As of December 31, 2015, there was $6.8
million drawn and outstanding under the DIP financing funded by Wabush Iron Co. Limited’s parent company, Cliffs
Mining Company. At December 31, 2015, the DIP financing is included within Loans to and accounts receivables from
the Canadian Entities on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. The DIP financing is secured by a court
order over the assets of the Wabush Group.
Recorded Assets and Liabilities
Assets and Liabilities of Discontinued Operations
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories
Supplies and other inventories
Income tax receivable
Other current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
Other non-current assets
Total Assets
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Other current liabilities
Pension and postemployment benefit liabilities
Environmental and mine closure obligations
Other liabilities
Total Liabilities
(In Millions)
December 31,
2014
$
$
$
$
19.7
37.9
16.3
48.5
20.1
44.3
249.8
19.9
456.5
83.6
200.0
35.7
79.8
56.5
173.9
629.5
155
Table of Contents
Income Taxes
We recognized a tax benefit of $5.8 million and $913.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014,
respectively, in Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax. The benefit for the year ended December 31, 2014 was
the result of the impairment of long-lived assets in the third quarter of 2014 offset by the placement of a valuation allowance
against the Canadian operations net deferred tax assets. Canadian deferred tax assets relating to both historical and
current year net operating losses were included in our equity investment in the Canadian Subsidiaries that has been
reduced to zero. We recognized a tax benefit of $188.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 in Loss from
Discontinued Operations, net of tax related to losses in our Canadian operations.
NOTE 15 - CAPITAL STOCK
Preferred Shares
On February 21, 2013, we issued 29.25 million depositary shares, representing an aggregate of 731,250 preferred
shares, comprised of the 27.0 million depositary share offering and the exercise of an underwriters' over-allotment option
to purchase an additional 2.25 million depositary shares. Each depositary share represents a 1/40th interest in a share
of our 7.00 percent Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Class A, without par value ("Series A preferred
share") at a price of $25 per depositary share for total net proceeds of approximately $709.4 million, after underwriter
fees and discounts. Each Series A preferred share has an initial liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent
to a $25 liquidation preference per depositary share). Pursuant to the terms of the Series A preferred shares, unless
earlier converted at the option of the holder, each Series A preferred share automatically converted into common shares
on February 1, 2016. When and if declared by our Board of Directors, we paid cumulative dividends on each Series A
preferred share at an annual rate of 7.00 percent on the liquidation preference. We declared dividends in cash on
February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing on May 1, 2013. Upon determination by our
Board of Directors, the final quarterly dividend was not paid in cash, but instead, pursuant to the terms of the Series A
preferred shares, the conversion rate was increased such that holders of the Series A preferred shares received additional
common shares in lieu of the accrued dividend at the time of the mandatory conversion on February 1, 2016. The number
of common shares in the aggregate that were issued in lieu of the final dividend was 1.3 million based on an effective
conversion rate of 0.9052 common shares, rather than 0.8621 common shares, per depositary share, each representing
a 1/40th interest in a Series A preferred share.
Prior to the mandatory conversion, holders of the depositary shares were entitled to a proportional fractional
interest in the rights and preferences of the Series A preferred shares, including conversion, dividend, liquidation and
voting rights, subject to the provisions of the deposit agreement. The Series A preferred shares were convertible, at the
option of the holder, at the minimum conversion rate of 28.1480 of our common shares (equivalent to 0.7037 of our
common shares per depositary share) at any time prior to February 1, 2016 or other than during a fundamental change
conversion period, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. If not converted prior to that time, each Series A preferred share
converted automatically on February 1, 2016 into between 28.1480 and 34.4840 common shares, par value $0.125 per
share, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. The number of common shares issued on conversion was determined based
on the average VWAP per share of our common shares during the 20 trading day period beginning on, and including,
the 23rd scheduled trading day prior to February 1, 2016, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. Upon conversion
on February 1, 2016, an aggregate of 26.5 million common shares were issued, representing 25.2 million common shares
issuable upon conversion and 1.3 million that were issued in lieu of a final cash dividend.
Common Share Public Offering
On February 21, 2013, we issued 10.35 million common shares, comprised of the 9.0 million common share
offering and the exercise of an underwriters' option to purchase an additional 1.35 million common shares. We received
net proceeds of approximately $285.3 million at a closing price of $29.00 per common share.
156
Table of Contents
Dividends
On March 27, 2015, July 1, 2015 and September 10, 2015, our Board of Directors declared the quarterly cash
dividend of $17.50 per Preferred Share, which is equivalent to approximately $0.44 per depositary share. The cash
dividend was paid on May 1, 2015, August 3, 2015 and November 2, 2015 to our shareholders of record as of the close
of business on April 15, 2015, July 15, 2015 and October 15, 2015, respectively.
On February 11, 2014, May 13, 2014, September 8, 2014 and November 19, 2014, our Board of Directors
declared the quarterly cash dividend of $17.50 per Preferred Share, which is equivalent to approximately $0.44 per
depositary share. The cash dividend was paid on May 1, 2014, August 1, 2014, November 3, 2014 and February 2,
2015, to our Preferred Shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 15, 2014, July 15, 2014, October 15,
2014 and January 15, 2015, respectively.
On February 11, 2013, our Board of Directors approved a reduction to our quarterly cash dividend rate by 76
percent to $0.15 per share. Our Board of Directors took this step in order to provide us with additional free cash flow as
well as to preserve our investment-grade credit ratings. The cash dividend of $0.15 per share was paid on March 3,
2014, June 3, 2014, September 2, 2014 and December 1, 2014 to our common shareholders of record as of close of
business on February 21, 2014, May 23, 2014, August 15, 2014 and November 15, 2014.
On January 26, 2015, we announced that our Board of Directors had decided to eliminate the quarterly dividend
of $0.15 per share on our common shares. The decision was applicable to the first quarter of 2015 and all subsequent
quarters.
NOTE 16 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss within Cliffs shareholders’ deficit and related tax
effects allocated to each are shown below as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
As of December 31, 2013:
Postretirement benefit liability
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Unrealized net loss on derivative financial instruments
Unrealized gain on securities
As of December 31, 2014:
Postretirement benefit liability
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Unrealized net loss on derivative financial instruments
Unrealized gain on securities
As of December 31, 2015:
Postretirement benefit liability
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Unrealized net gain on derivative financial instruments
Unrealized gain on securities
(In Millions)
Tax
Benefit
(Provision)
After-tax
Amount
Pre-tax
Amount
$
$
$
$
$
$
(299.3) $
94.4 $
106.7
(30.0)
9.3
—
9.1
(3.1)
(204.9)
106.7
(20.9)
6.2
(213.3) $
100.4 $
(112.9)
(425.3) $
134.2 $
(291.1)
64.4
(25.9)
(1.3)
—
7.8
0.3
64.4
(18.1)
(1.0)
(388.1) $
142.3 $
(245.8)
(364.8) $
123.4 $
220.7
2.2
0.1
—
0.4
—
(241.4)
220.7
2.6
0.1
(141.8) $
123.8 $
(18.0)
157
Table of Contents
The following tables reflect the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to Cliffs
shareholders’ equity for December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
Postretirement
Benefit
Liability, net of
tax
Unrealized
Net Gain
(Loss) on
Securities,
net of tax
(In Millions)
Unrealized
Net Gain
(Loss) on
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Net
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on
Derivative
Financial
Instruments,
net of tax
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance December 31, 2014 $
(291.1) $
(1.0) $
64.4 $
(18.1) $
(245.8)
9.1
5.4
(26.4)
1.9
(10.0)
Other comprehensive
income (loss) before
reclassifications
Net loss (gain) reclassified
from accumulated other
comprehensive income
(loss)
Balance December 31, 2015 $
(241.4) $
0.1 $
220.7 $
40.6
(4.3)
182.7
18.8
2.6 $
237.8
(18.0)
Postretirement
Benefit Liability,
net of tax
Unrealized
Net Gain
(Loss) on
Securities,
net of tax
(In Millions)
Unrealized
Net Gain
(Loss) on
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Net
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Derivative
Financial
Instruments,
net of tax
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance December 31, 2013
$
(204.9) $
6.2 $
106.7 $
(20.9) $
(112.9)
(97.0)
1.3
(42.3)
(28.2)
(166.2)
Other comprehensive
income (loss) before
reclassifications
Net loss (gain) reclassified
from accumulated other
comprehensive income
(loss)
Balance December 31, 2014
$
(291.1) $
10.8
(8.5)
(1.0) $
—
31.0
64.4 $
(18.1) $
33.3
(245.8)
Postretirement
Benefit Liability,
net of tax
Unrealized
Net Gain
(Loss) on
Securities,
net of tax
(In Millions)
Unrealized
Net Gain
(Loss) on
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Net
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Derivative
Financial
Instruments,
net of tax
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance December 31, 2012
$
(382.7) $
2.1 $
316.3 $
8.7 $
(55.6)
151.3
(0.9)
(209.6)
(51.7)
(110.9)
Other comprehensive
income (loss) before
reclassifications
Net loss (gain) reclassified
from accumulated other
comprehensive income
(loss)
26.5
5.0
—
22.1
Balance December 31, 2013
$
(204.9) $
6.2 $
106.7 $
(20.9) $
158
53.6
(112.9)
Table of Contents
The following table reflects the details about Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components
related to Cliffs shareholders’ equity for the year ended December 31, 2015:
Details about Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income
(Loss) Components
Amortization of Pension and
Postretirement Benefit Liability:
Prior service costs (1)
Net actuarial loss (1)
Curtailments/Settlements (1)
Effect of deconsolidation (2)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable
securities:
Sale of marketable securities
Impairment
Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign
currency translation:
Effect of deconsolidation (3)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative
financial instruments:
Australian dollar foreign exchange
contracts
Canadian dollar foreign exchange
contracts
Total Reclassifications for the Period
(In Millions)
Amount of (Gain)/Loss Reclassified into Income
Year Ended
December 31,
2015
Year Ended
December 31,
2014
Year Ended
December 31,
2013
Affected Line Item in the
Statement of Consolidated
Operations
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(1.4) $
(1.1) $
27.4
0.2
15.1
41.3
(0.7)
18.5
1.4
—
18.8
(5.8)
(0.8)
37.2
—
—
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net
of tax
36.4 Total before taxes
(14.3)
Income tax benefit (expense)
40.6
$
13.0
$
22.1 Net of taxes
(2.6) $
(11.4) $
(0.2) Other non-operating income (expense)
(2.0)
(4.6)
0.3
(0.5)
(11.9)
3.4
5.3 Other non-operating income (expense)
5.1 Total before taxes
(0.1)
Income tax benefit (expense)
(4.3) $
(8.5) $
5.0 Net of taxes
182.7
$
—
182.7
$
— $
—
— $
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net
of tax
—
— Income tax benefit (expense)
— Net of taxes
26.9
$
18.9
$
17.0 Product revenues
—
26.9
(8.1)
18.8
237.8
$
$
26.7
45.6
(14.6)
31.0
35.5
$
$
15.3
Cost of goods sold and operating
expenses
32.3 Total before taxes
(10.2)
Income tax benefit (expense)
22.1 Net of taxes
49.2
(1)
(2)
(3)
These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost.
See NOTE 7 - PENSIONS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS for further information.
Represents Canadian postretirement benefit liabilities that were deconsolidated. See NOTE 14 - DISCONTINUED
OPERATIONS for further information.
Represents Canadian accumulated currency translation adjustments that were deconsolidated. See NOTE 14 -
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS for further information.
159
Table of Contents
NOTE 17 - CASH FLOW INFORMATION
A reconciliation of capital additions to cash paid for capital expenditures for the years ended December 31,
2015, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
2015
Capital additions (1)
Cash paid for capital expenditures
Difference
Changes in non-cash accruals
Capital leases
Total
$
$
$
$
96.7 $
80.8
15.9 $
14.4 $
1.5
235.5 $
284.1
(48.6) $
(58.5) $
9.9
752.3
861.6
(109.3)
(109.3)
—
15.9 $
(48.6) $
(109.3)
(1)
Includes capital additions of $72.2 million and $24.5 million related to continuing operations and discontinued
operations, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2015. Includes capital additions of $65.5 million
and $170.0 million related to continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively, for the year ended
December 31, 2014. Includes capital additions of $70.8 million and $681.5 million related to continuing
operations and discontinued operations, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Cash payments for interest and income taxes in 2015, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:
Taxes paid on income (1)
Income tax refunds (2)
Interest paid on debt obligations (3)
2015
(In Millions)
2014
$
5.0 $
47.3 $
211.4
185.6
54.7
176.5
2013
153.3
49.4
174.4
(1)
(2)
(3)
Includes taxes paid on income that relate to the deconsolidated Canadian Entities for the years ended December
31, 2013 of $3.7 million.
Includes income tax refunds that relate to the deconsolidated Canadian Entities for the years ended December
31, 2014 and 2013 of $47.8 million and $20.8 million, respectively.
Includes interest paid on the corporate guarantees of the equipment loans that relate to discontinued operations
for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 of $4.8 million, $6.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
NOTE 18 - RELATED PARTIES
Three of our five U.S. iron ore mines are owned with various joint venture partners that are integrated steel
producers or their subsidiaries. We are the manager of each of the mines we co-own and rely on our joint venture
partners to make their required capital contributions and to pay for their share of the iron ore pellets that we produce.
One or more of the joint venture partners are also our customers. The following is a summary of the mine ownership of
these iron ore mines at December 31, 2015:
Mine
Empire
Tilden
Hibbing
Cliffs Natural
Resources
ArcelorMittal
U.S. Steel
79.0%
85.0%
23.0%
21.0%
—
62.3%
—
15.0%
14.7%
160
Table of Contents
ArcelorMittal has a unilateral right to put its interest in the Empire mine to us, but has not exercised this right to
date. Furthermore, as part of a 2014 extension agreement between us and ArcelorMittal, which amended certain terms
of the Empire partnership agreement, certain minimum distributions of the partners’ equity amounts are required to be
made on a quarterly basis beginning in the first quarter of 2015 and will continue through January 2017. During the year
ended December 31, 2015, we recorded distributions of $51.7 million to ArcelorMittal under this agreement of which
$40.6 million was paid as of December 31, 2015.
Product revenues from related parties were as follows:
(In Millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
2015
Product revenues from related parties
Total product revenues
$
671.1
$ 1,011.4
$ 1,038.8
1,832.4
3,095.2
3,631.8
Related party product revenue as a percent of total product revenue
36.6%
32.7%
28.6%
Amounts due from related parties recorded in Accounts receivable, net and Other current assets, including trade
accounts receivable, a customer supply agreement and provisional pricing arrangements, were $15.8 million and $127.6
million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Amounts due to related parties recorded in Other current liabilities,
including provisional pricing arrangements and liabilities to related parties, were $14.5 million and $11.8 million at
December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
A supply agreement with one of our customers includes provisions for supplemental revenue or refunds based
on the customer’s annual steel pricing for the year the product is consumed in the customer’s blast furnace. The
supplemental pricing is characterized as a freestanding derivative. Refer to NOTE 13 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES for further information.
161
Table of Contents
NOTE 19 - EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Cliffs
shareholders:
Income from Continuing Operations
Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to
Noncontrolling Interest
Net Income from Continuing Operations
attributable to Cliffs shareholders
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
SHAREHOLDERS
PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
Weighted Average Number of Shares:
Basic
Depositary Shares
Employee Stock Plans
Diluted
Earnings (loss) per Common Share Attributable to
Cliffs Common Shareholders - Basic:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Earnings (loss) per Common Share Attributable to
Cliffs Common Shareholders - Diluted:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
Year Ended December 31,
2014
2013
2015
143.7 $
56.4 $
878.9
(8.6)
(25.9)
(14.8)
135.1 $
(884.4)
30.5 $
(7,254.7)
(749.3) $
(38.4)
(7,224.2) $
(51.2)
864.1
(450.6)
413.5
(48.7)
(787.7) $
(7,275.4) $
364.8
153.2
—
0.4
153.6
0.63 $
(5.77)
(5.14) $
0.63 $
(5.76)
(5.13) $
153.1
—
—
153.1
(0.14) $
(47.38)
(47.52) $
(0.14) $
(47.38)
(47.52) $
151.7
22.1
0.5
174.3
5.37
(2.97)
2.40
4.95
(2.58)
2.37
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
The diluted earnings per share calculation excludes 25.3 million and 25.2 million depositary shares that were
anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Additionally, the year ended December 31,
2014 diluted earnings per share calculation also excludes 0.7 million of equity plan awards. There was no anti-dilution
for the year ended December 31, 2013.
162
Table of Contents
NOTE 20 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Contingencies
Litigation
We are currently a party to various claims and legal proceedings incidental to our operations. If management
believes that a loss arising from these matters is probable and can reasonably be estimated, we record the amount of
the loss, or the minimum estimated liability when the loss is estimated using a range, and no point within the range is
more probable than another. As additional information becomes available, any potential liability related to these matters
is assessed and the estimates are revised, if necessary. Based on currently available information, management believes
that the ultimate outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on our financial
position, results of operations or cash flows. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable
rulings could occur. An unfavorable ruling could include monetary damages, additional funding requirements or an
injunction. If an unfavorable ruling were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material impact on the financial position
and results of operations of the period in which the ruling occurs, or future periods. However, we do not believe that any
pending litigation, not covered by insurance, will result in a material liability in relation to our consolidated financial
statements. Currently, we have an insurance coverage receivable to cover settlement of the following putative class
action and derivative shareholder lawsuits:
In May 2014, alleged purchasers of our common shares filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District
of Ohio against us and certain former officers and directors of the Company. The action is captioned Department of the
Treasury of the State of New Jersey and Its Division of Investment v. Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., et al., No. 1:14-
CV-1031. As amended, the action asserts violations of the federal securities laws based on alleged false or misleading
statements or omissions during the period of March 14, 2012 to March 26, 2013, regarding operations at our Bloom Lake
mine in Québec, Canada, and the impact of those operations on our finances and outlook, including sustainability of the
dividend, and that the alleged misstatements caused our common shares to trade at artificially inflated prices. The parties
have successfully mediated this dispute and reached a settlement in principle, subject to definitive documentation,
shareholder notice and court approval. The lawsuit had been referred to our insurance carriers, who will be required to
pay the entirety of the $84 million settlement amount, if approved by the court. The court is expected to schedule a
settlement approval hearing.
In June 2014, an alleged purchaser of the depositary shares issued by Cliffs in a public offering in February 2013
filed a putative class action, which is captioned Rosenberg v. Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., et al., and after a round of
removal and remand motions, is now pending in the Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Court of Common Pleas, No. CV-14-828140.
As amended, the suit asserts claims against us, certain current and former officers and directors of the Company, and
several underwriters of the offering, alleging disclosure violations in the offering documents regarding operations at our
Bloom Lake mine, the impact of those operations on our finances and outlook, and about the progress of our former
exploratory chromite project in Ontario, Canada. The parties successfully mediated this dispute and reached a settlement
agreement in principle, subject to definitive documentation, notice to class members and court approval. The settlement
provides for a payment to the proposed class of $10 million, which has been deposited into escrow by the insurance
carriers. A court hearing, during which the parties will seek court approval of the proposed class action settlement, is
scheduled for April 14, 2016.
In June and July 2014, alleged shareholders of Cliffs filed three derivative actions in the Cuyahoga County, Ohio,
Court of Common Pleas asserting claims against certain current and former officers and directors of the Company. These
actions, captioned Black v. Carrabba, et al., No. CV-14-827803, Asmussen v. Carrabba, et al., No. CV-14-829259, and
Williams, et al. v. Carrabba, et al., No. CV-14-829499, allege that the individually named defendants violated their fiduciary
duties to the Company by, among other things, disseminating false and misleading information regarding operations at
our Bloom Lake mine in Québec, Canada, and the impact of those operations on our finances and outlook, including
sustainability of the dividend, failing to maintain internal controls, and failing to appropriately oversee and manage the
Company. The complaints assert additional claims for unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement,
overpayment upon departure of certain executives, and waste of corporate assets. The parties have reached a settlement
in principle to settle all three cases, subject to definitive documentation, shareholder notice and court approval. Under
the pending settlement, the Company will agree to enact or continue various corporate-governance related measures
and to pay plaintiffs' attorneys' fees and expenses. The lawsuit had been referred to our insurance carriers who will pay
$775,000 for attorneys' fees and expenses to plaintiffs' lawyers. The settlement of these actions will have no impact on
our financial position. Following the announcement of the settlement in principle of these three shareholder derivative
cases, an additional derivative shareholder action, captioned Mansour v. Carrabba, et al., No. 16-CV-00390, was filed
in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio against the same defendants and alleging substantially identical
claims. This additional lawsuit has been referred to our insurance carriers.
163
Table of Contents
Environmental Matters
We had environmental liabilities of $3.6 million and $5.5 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively,
including obligations for known environmental remediation exposures at active and closed mining operations and other
sites. These amounts have been recognized based on the estimated cost of investigation and remediation at each site,
and include site studies, design and implementation of remediation plans, legal and consulting fees, and post-remediation
monitoring and related activities. If the cost can only be estimated as a range of possible amounts with no specific
amount being more likely, the minimum of the range is accrued. Future expenditures are not discounted unless the
amount and timing of the cash disbursements are readily known. Potential insurance recoveries have not been reflected.
Additional environmental obligations could be incurred, the extent of which cannot be assessed. The amount of our
ultimate liability with respect to these matters may be affected by several uncertainties, primarily the ultimate cost of
required remediation and the extent to which other responsible parties contribute. Refer to NOTE 11 - ENVIRONMENTAL
AND MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATIONS for further information.
Tax Matters
The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations.
We recognize liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which,
additional taxes will be due. If we ultimately determine that payment of these amounts is unnecessary, we reverse the
liability and recognize a tax benefit during the period in which we determine that the liability is no longer necessary. We
also recognize tax benefits to the extent that it is more likely than not that our positions will be sustained when challenged
by the taxing authorities. To the extent we prevail in matters for which liabilities have been established, or are required
to pay amounts in excess of our liabilities, our effective tax rate in a given period could be materially affected. An
unfavorable tax settlement would require use of our cash and result in an increase in our effective tax rate in the year of
resolution. A favorable tax settlement would be recognized as a reduction in our effective tax rate in the year of resolution.
Refer to NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES for further information.
NOTE 21 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Preferred Shares
On January 4, 2016, we announced that under the terms of our 7.00 percent Series A Mandatory Convertible
Preferred Stock, Class A ("Series A preferred shares"), the final quarterly dividend would not be paid in cash. Instead,
pursuant to the terms of the Series A preferred shares, the conversion rate was increased such that holders of the Series
A preferred shares received additional common shares in lieu of the accrued dividend at the time of the mandatory
conversion of the Series A preferred shares on February 1, 2016. In accordance with applicable law, our Board of
Directors determined not to declare a dividend payable in cash. The number of our common shares in the aggregate
issued in lieu of the dividend was approximately 1.3 million. This resulted in an effective conversion rate of 0.9052
common shares, rather than 0.8621 common shares, per depositary share, each representing 1/40th of a share of Series
A preferred shares. Upon conversion on February 1, 2016, an aggregate of 26.5 million common shares were issued,
representing 25.2 million common shares issuable upon conversion and 1.3 million that were issued in lieu of a final
cash dividend.
Exchange Offers
On January 27, 2016, we announced the Exchange Offers for up to $710 million aggregate principal amount of
our New 1.5 Lien Notes for certain Existing Notes of Cliffs, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in our
confidential offering memorandum dated January 27, 2016. Eligible holders were notified that they must validly tender
their Existing Notes on February 9, 2016, the Early Tender Date, in order to be eligible to receive the applicable total
exchange consideration, which includes an early tender premium. On February 10, 2016, we announced that as of the
Early Tender Date, a total of approximately $465.3 million principal amount of Existing Notes had been tendered in the
Exchange Offers. We also announced that the Early Tender Date has been extended to February 26, 2016, and that
the exchange consideration for the 3.95 percent Senior Notes due 2018 had been increased. Accordingly, all Existing
Notes tendered prior to the extended Early Tender Date will be eligible to receive the total exchange consideration. The
Exchange Offers will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on February 26, 2016, and tenders of Existing Notes may
no longer be withdrawn after that time, except in certain limited circumstances described in the offering memorandum
and related letter of transmittal.
164
Table of Contents
NOTE 22 - QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
The sum of quarterly EPS may not equal EPS for the year due to discrete quarterly calculations.
Revenues from product sales and services
Sales margin
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Loss (Income) from Continuing Operations
attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
Net Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
attributable to Cliffs shareholders
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
SHAREHOLDERS
PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
Earnings per common share attributable to
Cliffs common shareholders — Basic:
Continuing Operations
Discontinued Operations
Earnings per common share attributable to
Cliffs common shareholders — Diluted:
Continuing Operations
Discontinued Operations
(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
2015
Quarters
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Year
$
$
446.0 $
498.1 $
593.2 $
476.0 $ 2,013.3
80.8
57.3
55.1
43.3
166.8 $
(38.2) $
49.9 $
(34.8) $
236.5
143.7
1.9
(5.0)
4.6
(2.4)
(8.6)
168.7
(928.5)
(759.8)
(12.8)
(43.2)
103.4
60.2
—
54.5
(43.9)
10.6
(25.6)
(37.2)
(23.1)
(60.3)
—
135.1
(884.4)
(749.3)
(38.4)
$
(772.6) $
60.2 $
(15.0) $
(60.3) $
(787.7)
$
$
$
$
1.02 $
(6.06)
(5.04) $
(0.28) $
0.19 $
(0.24) $
0.67
(0.29)
(0.15)
0.39 $
(0.10) $
(0.39) $
0.94 $
(5.20)
(4.26) $
(0.28) $
0.19 $
(0.24) $
0.67
(0.29)
(0.15)
0.39 $
(0.10) $
(0.39) $
0.63
(5.77)
(5.14)
0.63
(5.76)
(5.13)
The diluted earnings per share calculation for the second, third and fourth quarter of 2015 exclude depositary
shares that were anti-dilutive ranging between 25.2 million and 25.6 million and equity plan awards ranging between 0.1
million and 0.3 million that were anti-dilutive. There was no anti-dilution in the first quarter of 2015.
165
Table of Contents
Revenues from product sales and services
Sales margin
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Loss (Income) from Continuing Operations
attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
Net Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
attributable to Cliffs shareholders
Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
SHAREHOLDERS
PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIFFS
COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
Earnings per common share attributable to
Cliffs common shareholders — Basic:
Continuing Operations
Discontinued Operations
Earnings per common share attributable to
Cliffs common shareholders — Diluted:
Continuing Operations
Discontinued Operations
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
2014
Quarters
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Year
615.5 $
190.0
747.7 $
979.7 $ 1,030.3 $ 3,373.2
183.5
256.2
256.0
69.7 $
90.9 $
(274.2) $
170.0 $
885.7
56.4
0.4
(3.6)
(2.5)
(3.4)
(25.9)
70.1 $
87.3 $
(276.7) $
166.6 $
30.5
(140.4)
(76.4)
(5,602.9)
(1,451.8)
(7,254.7)
(70.3) $
(12.8)
10.9 $ (5,879.6) $ (1,285.2) $ (7,224.2)
(12.8)
(12.8)
(12.8)
(51.2)
(83.1)
(1.9)
(5,892.4)
(1,298.0)
(7,275.4)
0.37 $
(0.92)
(0.55) $
0.49 $
(1.89) $
1.00 $
(0.14)
(0.50)
(36.60)
(9.48)
(47.38)
(0.01) $
(38.49) $
(8.48) $
(47.52)
0.37 $
(0.91)
(0.54) $
0.48 $
(1.89) $
0.94 $
(0.14)
(0.50)
(36.60)
(8.13)
(47.38)
(0.02) $
(38.49) $
(7.19) $
(47.52)
The diluted earnings per share calculation for the first, second and third quarters of 2014 exclude depositary
shares that were anti-dilutive totaling 25.2 million. Additionally, the third quarter of 2014 diluted earnings per share
calculation also excludes 0.5 million of equity plan awards. There was no anti-dilution for the fourth quarter of 2014.
Fourth Quarter Results
Consistent with our strategy to extract maximum value from our current assets, we sold all the remaining North
American Coal operations during the fourth quarter of 2015. On December 22, 2015, we closed the sale of our remaining
North American Coal business, which included Pinnacle mine in West Virginia and Oak Grove mine in Alabama. Pinnacle
mine and Oak Grove mine were sold to Seneca and the deal structure was a sale of equity interests of our remaining
coal business. Additionally, Seneca may pay Cliffs an earn-out of up to $50 million contingent upon the terms of a revenue
sharing agreement which extends through the year 2020. We recorded the results of this sale in our fourth quarter
earnings within Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax as the transaction closed on December 22, 2015.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded impairment charges for our continuing operations of $256.9 million
primarily related to Asia Pacific Iron Ore and driven mainly by the changes in life-of-mine cash flows due to declining
market pricing. There was also an additional $1.0 billion of impairment charges recorded during the fourth quarter of
2014 in Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax primarily related to Bloom Lake. Also, during the fourth quarter
of 2014, we completed the sale of the CLCC assets for $174.0 million in cash and the assumption of certain liabilities,
of which $155.0 million has been collected, and resulted in a loss on the sale of these assets of $419.6 million. We
recorded the results of this sale in our 2014 fourth quarter earnings within Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax
as historical North American Coal results are classified as discontinued operations. The fourth quarter 2014 results
additionally included an income tax benefit of $207.3 million, which includes the benefits related to the continuing
operations impairment charges.
166
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
Cleveland, Ohio
We have audited the accompanying statements of consolidated financial position of Cliffs Natural Resources
Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related statements of consolidated
operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows, and changes in equity for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2015. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15.
These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations
and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule,
when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material
respects, the information set forth therein.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria
established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 24, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's
internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
February 24, 2016
167
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
Cleveland, Ohio
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and subsidiaries
(the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework
(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management
is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness
of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting
based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included
obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists,
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides
a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the
company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by
the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of
management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection
of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion
or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or
detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial
reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting
as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended
December 31, 2015 of the Company and our report dated February 24, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on those
financial statements and financial statement schedule.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
February 24, 2016
168
Table of Contents
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be
disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified
in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including
our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosure based solely on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated
under the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized
that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance
of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating
the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with
the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer,
of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our
President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures
were effective.
169
Table of Contents
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting
as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act.
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of
the consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with appropriate authorizations of management and
directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial
statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls
may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures
may deteriorate.
Management conducted an assessment of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2015 using the framework specified in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013), published by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on such assessment, management has
concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.
The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 has been
audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report that appears
herein.
February 24, 2016
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors that occurred
during our last fiscal quarter or our last fiscal year that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.
Other Information
None.
170
Table of Contents
PART III
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required to be furnished by this Item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement for the
2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "Proxy Statement") under the headings "Board Meetings and Committees -
Audit Committee", "Business Ethics Policy", "Independence and Related Party Transactions", "Information Concerning
Director Nominees” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”, and is incorporated herein by
reference and made a part hereof from the Proxy Statement. The information regarding executive officers required by
this Item is set forth in Part I - Item 1. Business hereof under the heading “Executive Officers of the Registrant”, which
information is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
The information required to be furnished by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement under the headings
“Director Compensation”, “Compensation Committee Report”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation” and “Executive Compensation” and is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof from the
Proxy Statement.
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters
The information required to be furnished by this Item regarding "Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity
Compensation Plans", "Related Stockholder Matters" and "Security Ownership" will be set forth in the Proxy Statement
under the headings "Independence and Related Party Transactions", "Ownership of Equity Securities of the Company"
and "Equity Compensation Plan Information", respectively, and is incorporated herein by reference and made part hereof
from the Proxy Statement.
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required to be furnished by this Item will be set forth in the definitive Proxy Statement under the
heading “Independence and Related Party Transactions” and is incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof
from the Proxy Statement.
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required to be furnished by this Item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement under the heading
“Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and is incorporated herein by reference and made a
part hereof from the Proxy Statement.
171
Table of Contents
PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) and (2) - List of Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules.
The following consolidated financial statements of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. are included at Item 8. Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data above:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Statements of Consolidated Financial Position - December 31, 2015 and 2014
Statements of Consolidated Operations - Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income - Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows - Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
Statements of Consolidated Changes in Equity - Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statement schedule of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. is included herein in
Item 15(d) and attached as Exhibit 99(a):
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the SEC are not required
under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.
(3) List of Exhibits - Refer to Exhibit Index on pages 174 - 180, which is incorporated herein by reference.
(c) Exhibits listed in Item 15(a)(3) above are incorporated herein by reference.
(d) The schedule listed above in Item 15(a)(1) and (2) is attached as Exhibit 99(a) and incorporated herein by
reference.
172
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant
has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CLIFFS NATURAL RESOURCES INC.
By:
/s/ Timothy K. Flanagan
Name:
Timothy K. Flanagan
Title:
Vice President, Corporate
Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
Date: February 24, 2016
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by
the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signatures
Title
Date
/s/ C. L. Goncalves
C. L. Goncalves
/s/ P. K. Tompkins
P. K. Tompkins
/s/ T. K. Flanagan
T. K. Flanagan
*
J. T. Baldwin
*
R. P. Fisher, Jr.
*
S. M. Green
*
J. A. Rutkowski, Jr.
*
J. S. Sawyer
*
M. D. Siegal
*
G. Stoliar
*
D. C. Taylor
Chairman, President, Chief
Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Executive Vice President
& Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Vice President, Corporate
Controller & Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
February 24, 2016
* The undersigned, by signing his name hereto, does sign and execute this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to a
Power of Attorney executed on behalf of the above-indicated officers and directors of the registrant and filed herewith
as Exhibit 24 on behalf of the registrant.
By: /s/ P. K. Tompkins
(P. K. Tompkins, as Attorney-in-Fact)
173
Table of Contents
All documents referenced below have been filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by Cliffs
Natural Resources Inc., file number 1-09844, unless otherwise indicated.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Plan of purchase, sale, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or succession
***Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 2, 2014, by and among Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc., Cliffs Logan County Coal LLC, Toney's Fork Land, LLC, Southern Eagle Land,
LLC and Cliffs Logan County Coal Terminals LLC and Coronado Coal II, LLC (filed as Exhibit
2.1 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by
reference)
***Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement, effective as of December 31, 2014, by and
among Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., Cliffs Logan County Coal LLC, Toney's Fork Land, LLC,
Southern Eagle Land, LLC and Cliffs Logan County Coal Terminals LLC and Coronado Coal II,
LLC (filed as Exhibit 2.2 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2014 and
incorporated herein by reference)
***Unit Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2015, by and among Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc., CLF PinnOak LLC and Seneca Coal Resources, LLC (filed herewith)
Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
Third Amended Articles of Incorporation of Cliffs (as filed with the Secretary of State of the State
of Ohio on May 13, 2013 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on May 13, 2013 and
incorporated herein by reference)
Regulations of Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended
December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
Instruments defining rights of security holders, including indentures
Form of Indenture between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association,
as trustee, dated March 17, 2010 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Cliffs' Form S-3 No. 333-165376 on
March 10, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference)
Form of 5.90% Notes due 2020 First Supplemental Indenture between Cliffs Natural Resources
Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, dated March 17, 2010, including Form of
5.90% Notes due 2020 (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on March 16, 2010 and
incorporated herein by reference)
Form of 4.80% Notes due 2020 Second Supplemental Indenture between Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, dated September 20, 2010,
including Form of 4.80% Notes due 2020 (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on September
17, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference)
Form of 6.25% Notes due 2040 Third Supplemental Indenture between Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, dated September 20, 2010,
including Form of 6.25% Notes due 2040 (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on September
17, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference)
Form of 4.875% Notes due 2021 Fourth Supplemental Indenture between Cliffs and U.S. Bank
National Association, as trustee, dated March 23, 2011, including Form of 4.875% Notes due
2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on March 23, 2011 and incorporated herein by
reference)
Fifth Supplemental Indenture between Cliffs and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee,
dated March 31, 2011 (filed as Exhibit 4(b) to Cliffs' Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30,
2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
Form of 3.95% Notes due 2018 Sixth Supplemental Indenture between Cliffs and U.S. Bank
National Association, as trustee, dated December 13, 2012, including form of 3.95% Notes due
2018 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on December 13, 2012 and incorporated herein by
reference)
Indenture between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., the guarantors parties thereto, and U.S. Bank
National Association, as trustee and notes collateral agent, dated March 30, 2015, including
Form of 8.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Cliffs' Form 10-Q for the
period ended March 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
174
Table of Contents
4.9
Indenture between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., the guarantors parties thereto, and U.S. Bank
National Association, as trustee and notes collateral agent, dated March 30, 2015, including
Form of 7.75% Second Lien Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Cliffs' Form
10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
4.10
Form of Common Share Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Cliffs' Form 10-Q for the period ended
September 30, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
Material Contracts
* Form of Change in Control Severance Agreement, effective January 1, 2014 (covering existing
grants) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013 and
incorporated herein by reference)
* Form of Change in Control Severance Agreement (covering newly hired officers) (filed as Exhibit
10.4 to Cliffs' Form 8-K/A on September 16, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Form of 2015 Change in Control Severance Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Cliffs' 10-Q for
the period ended March 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2012 Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (effective January
1, 2012) dated November 8, 2011 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Cliffs’ Form 8-K on November 8, 2011
and incorporated herein by reference)
* Form of Indemnification Agreement between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Directors (filed
as Exhibit 10.5 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated
herein by reference)
* Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Nonemployee Directors’ Compensation Plan (Amended and
Restated as of December 31, 2008) (filed as Exhibit 10(nnn) to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period
ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
* 2014 Nonemployee Directors' Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Cliffs’ Form 8-K on
August 4, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Trust Agreement No. 1 (Amended and Restated effective June 1, 1997), dated June 12, 1997,
by and between Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, with respect to
the Cleveland-Cliffs Inc Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan, Severance Pay Plan for Key
Employees and certain executive agreements (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the
period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Trust Agreement No. 1 Amendments to Exhibits, effective as of January 1, 2000, by and between
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, as Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.11 to Cliffs'
Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* First Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 1, effective September 10, 2002, by and between
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, as Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.12 to Cliffs'
Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Second Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 1 between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (f/k/a
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and effective as
of December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10(y) to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended
December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Third Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 1 between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (f/k/a
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and effective as
July 28, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31,
2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Amended and Restated Trust Agreement No. 2, effective as of October 15, 2002, by and between
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, with respect to Executive
Agreements and Indemnification Agreements with the Company’s Directors and certain Officers,
the Company’s Severance Pay Plan for Key Employees, and the Retention Plan for Salaried
Employees (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011
and incorporated herein by reference)
* Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Trust Agreement No. 2 between Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc. (f/k/a Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered
into and effective as of December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10(aa) to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the
period ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Trust Agreement No. 2 between Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc. (f/k/a Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered
into and effective as of July 28, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.18 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period
ended December 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
175
Table of Contents
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
10.31
10.32
* Trust Agreement No. 5, dated as of October 28, 1987, by and between Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and
KeyBank National Association, Trustee, with respect to certain deferred compensation agreements
(filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated
herein by reference)
* First Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 5, dated as of May 12, 1989, by and between Cleveland-
Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.17 to Form 10-K of Cliffs’
for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Second Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 5, dated as of April 9, 1991, by and between
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.18 to Form 10-
K of Cliffs’ for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Third Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 5, dated as of March 9, 1992, by and between
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Cliffs’
Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Fourth Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 5, dated November 18, 1994, by and between
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.20 to Cliffs’
Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Fifth Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 5, dated May 23, 1997, by and between Cleveland-
Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K
for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Sixth Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 5 between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (f/k/a
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and effective as of
December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10(hh) to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended December
31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Seventh Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 5 between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (f/k/a
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and effective as of
July 28, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.26 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2014
and incorporated herein by reference)
* Trust Agreement No. 7, dated as of April 9, 1991, by and between Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and
KeyBank National Association, Trustee, with respect to the Cleveland-Cliffs Inc Supplemental
Retirement Benefit Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.23 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended December
31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* First Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 7, by and between Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank
National Association, Trustee, dated as of March 9, 1992 (filed as Exhibit 10.24 to Cliffs’ Form 10-
K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Second Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 7, dated November 18, 1994, by and between
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.25 to Cliffs’
Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Third Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 7, dated May 23, 1997, by and between Cleveland-
Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.26 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K
for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Fourth Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 7, dated July 15, 1997, by and between Cleveland-
Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.27 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K
for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Amendment to Exhibits to Trust Agreement No. 7, effective as of January 1, 2000, by and between
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and KeyBank National Association, Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.28 to Cliffs’
Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Sixth Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 7 between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (f/k/a
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and effective as of
December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10(oo) to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended December
31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Seventh Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 7 between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (f/k/a
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and effective as of
July 28, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.34 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2014
and incorporated herein by reference)
* Termination and Fifth Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 8 between Cliffs Natural Resources
Inc. (f/k/a Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and
effective as of October 28, 2015 (filed herewith)
176
Table of Contents
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
10.40
10.41
10.42
10.43
10.44
10.45
10.46
10.47
10.48
10.49
10.50
* Termination and Third Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 9 between Cliffs Natural Resources
Inc. (f/k/a Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and
effective as of October 28, 2015 (filed herewith)
* Trust Agreement No. 10, dated as of November 20, 1996, by and between Cleveland-Cliffs Inc
and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, with respect to the Cleveland-Cliffs Inc Nonemployee
Directors’ Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.36 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended
December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
*First Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 10 between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (f/k/a
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and effective as of
December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10(ww) to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended February
26, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference)
* Second Amendment to Trust Agreement No. 10 between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (f/k/a
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc) and KeyBank National Association, Trustee, entered into and effective as of
July 28, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.45 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2014
and incorporated herein by reference)
*Severance Agreement and Release, by and between Terrance M. Paradie and Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc., dated April 14, 2015 (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Cliffs’ Form 10-Q for the period ended
March 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Severance Agreement and Release, by and between David Webb and Cliffs Natural Resources
Inc., dated October 31, 2015 (filed herewith)
*Letter Agreement, by and between Lourenco Goncalves and Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., signed
as of September 11, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Cliffs' Form 8-K/A on September 16, 2014 and
incorporated herein by reference)
*Cleveland-Cliffs Inc and Subsidiaries Management Performance Incentive Plan Summary,
effective January 1, 2004 (filed as Exhibit 10.47 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended December
31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2012 Executive Management Performance Incentive Plan effective
March 13, 2012 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Cliffs’ Form 8-K on May 14, 2012 and incorporated herein
by reference)
*Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2012 Incentive Equity Plan effective March 13, 2012 (filed as Exhibit
10.1 to Cliffs Form 8-K on May 14, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference)
*First Amendment to Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2012 Incentive Plan effective September 11,
2012 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Cliffs’ Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2012 and
incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Restricted Share Unit Award Memorandum and
Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement under the 2012 Incentive Equity Plan (filed as Exhibit
10.77 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by
reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Restricted Share Unit Award Memorandum (Graduated
Vesting 50%) and Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement under the 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
(filed as Exhibit 10.78 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013 and
incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Restricted Share Unit Award Memorandum (Graduated
Vesting 33%) and Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement under the 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
(filed as Exhibit 10.79 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013 and incorporated
herein by reference)
*Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan (filed as Exhibit
10.1 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on August 4, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
Restricted Share Unit Award Memorandum (Graduated Vesting 50% - July 2014 Grant) and
Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.64 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period
ended December 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
Restricted Share Unit Award Memorandum (3-Year Vesting - July 2014 Grant) and Restricted
Share Unit Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.65 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended
December 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
Performance Share Award Memorandum (3-Year Vesting - July 2014 Grant) and Performance
Share Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.66 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December
31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
177
Table of Contents
10.51
10.52
10.53
10.54
10.55
10.56
10.57
10.58
10.59
10.60
10.61
10.62
10.63
10.64
10.65
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan Non-
Qualified Stock Option Award Memorandum (2014 Grant) and Stock Option Award Agreement
(filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Cliffs' Form 8-K/A on September 16, 2014 and incorporated herein by
reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
Performance Unit Award Memorandum (2014 Grant) and Performance Unit Award Agreement
(filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Cliffs' Form 8-K/A on September 16, 2014 and incorporated herein by
reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan Non-
Qualified Stock Option Award Memorandum (3-Year Vesting - January 2015 Grant) and Stock
Option Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.69 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December
31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
Restricted Share Unit Award Memorandum (Graduated Vesting 33% - January 2015 Grant) and
Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.70 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period
ended December 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
Performance Share Award Memorandum (3-Year Vesting - January 2015 Grant) and Performance
Share Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.71 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December
31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
Restricted Share Unit Award Memorandum (Graduated Vesting 33% - February 2015 Grant) and
Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.72 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period
ended December 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan
Performance Share Award Memorandum (3 year Vesting - February 2015 Grant) and Restricted
Share Unit Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.73 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended
December 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1
to Cliffs' Form 8-K on May 21, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan Restricted
Stock Unit Award Memorandum (Vesting on December 15, 2017) and Restricted Stock Unit Award
Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Cliffs’ Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2015
and incorporated herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan Cash
Retention Award Memorandum (Vesting February 2017) and Cash Retention Award Agreement
(filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Cliffs’ Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2015 and incorporated
herein by reference)
*Form of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan Restricted
Stock Unit Award Memorandum (Vesting May 2018) and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement
(filed herewith)
*Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan (as Amended and Restated
effective December 1, 2006) dated December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10(mmm) to Cliffs’ Form
10-K for the period ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference)
*Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Cliffs'
Registration Statement on Form S-8 on August 20, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
** Pellet Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated and effective as of April 10, 2002, by and among
The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, Cliffs Mining Company, Northshore Mining Company,
Northshore Sales Company, International Steel Group Inc., ISG Cleveland Inc., and ISG Indiana
Harbor Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.84 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013
and incorporated herein by reference)
** First Amendment to Pellet Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated and effective December 16,
2004 by and among The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, Cliffs Mining Company, Northshore Mining
Company, Cliffs Sales Company (formerly known as Northshore Sales Company), International
Steel Group Inc., ISG Cleveland Inc. and ISG Indiana Harbor (filed as Exhibit 10.85 to Cliffs' Form
10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference)
178
Table of Contents
10.66
10.67
10.68
10.69
10.70
10.71
10.72
10.73
10.74
10.75
10.76
10.77
12
21
** Pellet Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated and effective as of December 31, 2002 by and
among The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, Cliffs Mining Company, and Ispat Inland Inc. (filed as
Exhibit 10.86 to Cliffs' Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013 and incorporated herein
by reference)
** 2011 Omnibus Agreement, dated as of April 8, 2011 and effective as of March 31, 2011, by and
among ArcelorMittal USA LLC, as successor in interest to Ispat Inland Inc., ArcelorMittal Cleveland
Inc. (formerly known as ISG Cleveland Inc.), ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor LLC (formerly known as
ISG Indiana Harbor Inc.) and Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company,
Cliffs Mining Company, Northshore Mining Company and Cliffs Sales Company (formerly known
as Northshore Sales Company) (filed as Exhibit 10(a) to Cliffs’ Form 10-Q for the period ended
June 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
**2014 Extension Agreement dated as of February 24, 2014 but effective as of January 1, 2014,
among ArcelorMittal USA LLC, Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company
and Cliffs Mining Company (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Cliffs' Form 10-Q/A filed on October 8, 2014
for the period ended March 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
Amended and Restated Multicurrency Credit Agreement entered into as of August 11, 2011, among
Cliffs, certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto, Bank of America,
N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.,
as Syndication Agent and L/C Issuer, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, J.P.
Morgan Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., PNC Capital Markets Inc. and U.S. Bank
National Association, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, Fifth Third Bank and
RBS Citizens, N.A., as Co-Documentation Agents, and the various institutions from time to time
party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10(a) to Cliffs’ Form 8-K on August 17, 2011 and incorporated herein
by reference)
Amendment No. 1, dated as of October 16, 2012 to Amended and Restated Multicurrency Credit
Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Cliffs’ Form 8-K on October 19, 2012 and incorporated herein
by reference)
Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Multicurrency Credit Agreement dated as of
February 8, 2013 (filed as Exhibit 10.92 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for the period ended December 31,
2012 and incorporated herein by reference)
Amendment No. 3, dated as of June 30, 2014, to the Amended and Restated Multicurrency Credit
Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2011, among Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., the foreign
subsidiaries of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time
to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to
Cliffs' Form 8-K on June 30, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
Amendment No. 4, dated as of September 9, 2014, to the Amended and Restated Multicurrency
Credit Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2011, among the Company, the foreign subsidiaries of
the Company from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on
September 12, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
Amendment No. 5, dated as of October 24, 2014, to the Amended and Restated Multicurrency
Credit Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2011, among the Company, the foreign subsidiaries of
the Company from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank
of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Cliffs’ Form 10-Q for the period
ended on September 30, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
Amendment No. 6, dated as of January 22, 2015, to the Amended and Restated Multicurrency
Credit Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2011, among the Company, the foreign subsidiaries of
the Company from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (filed as Exhibit 10.86 to Cliffs’ Form 10-K for
the period ended December 31, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference)
Syndicated Facility Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2015, by and among Bank of America,
N.A., as Administrative Agent and Australian Security Trustee, the Lenders that are Parties
hereto, as the Lenders, Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., as Parent and a Borrower, and the
Subsidiaries of Parent Party hereto, as Borrowers (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Cliffs' Form 10-Q for
the period ended March 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference)
Agreement between Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Casablanca Capital LP, dated October 7,
2014 (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to Cliffs' Form 8-K on October 14, 2014 and incorporated herein by
reference)
Ratio of Earnings To Combined Fixed Charges And Preferred Stock Dividend Requirements (filed
herewith)
Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed herewith)
179
Table of Contents
23
24
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith)
Power of Attorney (filed herewith)
Certification Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed and dated by Lourenco Goncalves as of February 24, 2016
(filed herewith)
Certification Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed and dated by P. Kelly Tompkins as of February 24, 2016
(filed herewith)
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed and dated by Lourenco Goncalves, Chairman, President
and Chief Executive Officer of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., as of February 24, 2016 (filed
herewith)
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed and dated by P. Kelly Tompkins, Executive Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., as of February 24, 2016 (filed
herewith)
95
Mine Safety Disclosures (filed herewith)
99(a)
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (filed herewith)
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
_______________
*
**
***
Indicates management contract or other compensatory arrangement.
Confidential treatment requested and/or approved as to certain portions, which portions have been
omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Certain immaterial schedules and exhibits to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to the provisions
of Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(2). A copy of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits will be furnished
to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
180
Ratio of Earnings To Combined Fixed Charges
And Preferred Stock Dividend Requirements
(In Millions)
2015
Year Ended December 31,
2013
2014
2012
Exhibit 12
2011
Consolidated pretax income (loss) from
continuing operations
Undistributed earnings of non-consolidated
affiliates
Amortization of capitalized interest
Interest expense
Acceleration of debt issuance costs
Interest portion of rental expense
Total Earnings
Interest expense
Acceleration of debt issuance costs
Interest portion of rental expense
Preferred Stock dividend requirements
Fixed Charges Requirements
Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividend
Requirements
$
313.1
$
(19.7)
$ 1,190.9
$ 1,105.4
$ 2,370.3
(0.1)
0.3
230.0
11.3
0.9
555.5
230.0
11.3
0.9
38.4
$
$
(9.9)
0.3
178.3
3.6
2.3
154.9
178.3
3.6
2.3
51.2
(74.4)
2.3
189.9
—
2.1
(404.8)
3.7
208.8
0.2
2.8
9.7
3.6
210.1
—
3.6
$ 1,310.8
$
189.9
$
$
916.1
208.8
$ 2,597.3
$
210.1
—
2.1
48.7
0.2
2.8
—
—
3.6
—
280.6
$
235.4
$
240.7
$
211.8
$
213.7
280.6
$
235.4
$
240.7
$
211.8
$
213.7
$
$
$
$
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
2.0
(A)
5.4
4.3
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED
CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK
DIVIDEND REQUIREMENTS
2.0
(A) For the year ended December 31, 2014, there was a deficiency of earnings to cover the fixed charges of
$235.4 million.
5.4
4.3
(A)
12.2
12.2
SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES
CLIFFS NATURAL RESOURCES INC. AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2015
Exhibit 21
Name
Cleveland-Cliffs International Holding Company
Cliffs Finance US LLC
Cliffs Finance Lux SCS
Cliffs (Gibraltar) Holdings Limited
Cliffs (Gibraltar) Holdings Limited Luxembourg S.C.S.
Cliffs (Gibraltar) Limited
Cliffs Mining Company
Cliffs Minnesota Mining Company
Cliffs Natural Resources Pty Ltd.
Cliffs Natural Resources Holdings Pty Ltd.
Cliffs Natural Resources Luxembourg S.a.r.l
Cliffs TIOP Holding, LLC
Cliffs TIOP, Inc.
Cliffs UTAC Holding LLC
The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company
Tilden Mining Company L.C.
Cliffs' Effective
Ownership
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
85%
Place of Incorporation
Delaware, USA
Ohio, USA
Luxembourg
Gibraltar
Luxembourg
Gibraltar
Delaware, USA
Delaware, USA
WA Australia
WA Australia
Luxembourg
Delaware, USA
Michigan, USA
Delaware, USA
Ohio, USA
Michigan, USA
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Exhibit 23
We consent to the incorporation by reference in:
Registration Statement No. 333-56661 on Form S-8 (as amended by Post-Effective Amendment No.1)
pertaining to the Northshore Mining Company and Silver Bay Power Company Retirement Savings Plan and
the related prospectus;
Registration statement No. 333-06049 on Form S-8 pertaining to the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
Nonemployee Directors’ Compensation Plan;
Registration Statement No. 333-64008 on Form S-8 (as amended by Post-Effective Amendment No.1 and
Post-Effective Amendment No.2) pertaining to the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Nonemployee Directors’
Compensation Plan (as amended and restated as of January 1, 2004);
Registration Statement No. 333-184620 on Form S-8 pertaining to the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2012
Incentive Equity Plan;
Registration Statement No. 333-197687 on Form S-8 pertaining to the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Amended
and Restated 2012 Incentive Equity Plan;
Registration Statement No. 333-197688 on Form S-8 pertaining to the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2014
Nonemployee Directors’ Compensation Plan;
Registration Statement No. 333-204369 on Form S-8 pertaining to the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2015
Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan; and
Registration Statement No. 333-206487 on Form S-8 pertaining to the Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. 2015
Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
of our reports relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc. and the effectiveness of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting dated
February 24, 2016 appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. for the year ended
December 31, 2015.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
February 24, 2016
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Exhibit 24
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned Directors and officers of Cliffs Natural
Resources Inc., an Ohio corporation ("Company"), hereby constitute and appoint C. Lourenco Goncalves, P. Kelly
Tompkins, James D. Graham and Timothy K. Flanagan, and each of them, their true and lawful attorney or attorneys-
in-fact, with full power of substitution and revocation, for them and in their name, place and stead, to sign on their
behalf as a Director or officer of the Company, or both, as the case may be, an Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, and to
sign any and all amendments to such Annual Report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents
in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney or attorneys-in-
fact, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary
to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as they might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming all that said attorney or attorneys-in-fact or any of them or their substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Executed as of the 11th day of February, 2016.
/s/ C. L. Goncalves
C. L. Goncalves
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ D. C. Taylor
D. C. Taylor, Director
/s/ J. T. Baldwin
J. T. Baldwin, Director
/s/ S. M. Green
S. M. Green, Director
/s/ J. S. Sawyer
J. S. Sawyer, Director
/s/ G. Stoliar
G. Stoliar, Director
/s/ T. K. Flanagan
T. K. Flanagan,
Vice President, Corporate Controller &
Chief Accounting Officer
/s/ R. P. Fisher, Jr.
R. P. Fisher, Jr., Director
/s/ J. A. Rutkowski, Jr.
J. A. Rutkowski, Jr., Director
/s/ M. D. Siegal
M. D. Siegal, Director
/s/ P. K. Tompkins
P. K. Tompkins,
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
I, Lourenco Goncalves, certify that:
CERTIFICATION
Exhibit 31.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report,
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control
over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and
have:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to
the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and
presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and
procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting
that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal
quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to
materially affect the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of
internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the
registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
(b)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal
control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's
ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 24, 2016
By:
/s/ Lourenco Goncalves
Lourenco Goncalves
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
I, P. Kelly Tompkins, certify that:
CERTIFICATION
Exhibit 31.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report,
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control
over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and
have:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to
the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented
in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in
the case of an annual report) that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially
affect the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of
internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the
registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
(b)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 24, 2016
By:
/s/ P. Kelly Tompkins
P. Kelly Tompkins
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.1
In connection with the Annual Report of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the
period ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the
“Form 10-K”), I, Lourenco Goncalves, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant
to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to such
officer’s knowledge:
(1)
(2)
The Form 10-K fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and
The information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial
condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods
expressed in the Form 10-K.
Date:
February 24, 2016
By:
/s/ Lourenco Goncalves
Lourenco Goncalves
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.2
In connection with the Annual Report of Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the
period ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the
“Form 10-K”), I, P. Kelly Tompkins, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant
to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to such
officer’s knowledge:
(1)
(2)
The Form 10-K fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and
The information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial
condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods
expressed in the Form 10-K.
Date:
February 24, 2016
By:
/s/ P. Kelly Tompkins
P. Kelly Tompkins
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Mine Safety Disclosures
Exhibit 95
The operation of our mines located in the United States is subject to regulation by MSHA under the FMSH
Act. MSHA inspects these mines on a regular basis and issues various citations and orders when it believes a violation
has occurred under the FMSH Act. We present information below regarding certain mining safety and health citations
that MSHA has issued with respect to our mining operations. In evaluating this information, consideration should be
given to factors such as: (i) the number of citations and orders will vary depending on the size of the mine; (ii) the
number of citations issued will vary from inspector to inspector and mine to mine, and (iii) citations and orders can be
contested and appealed and, in that process, are often reduced in severity and amount, and are sometimes dismissed.
Under the Dodd-Frank Act, each operator of a coal or other mine is required to include certain mine safety
results within its periodic reports filed with the SEC. As required by the reporting requirements included in §1503(a)
of the Dodd-Frank Act, we present the following items regarding certain mining safety and health matters, for the period
presented, for each of our mine locations that are covered under the scope of the Dodd-Frank Act:
(A) The total number of violations of mandatory health or safety standards that could significantly and
substantially contribute to the cause and effect of a coal or other mine safety or health hazard under
section 104 of the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C. 814) for which the operator received a citation from MSHA;
(B) The total number of orders issued under section 104(b) of the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C. 814(b));
(C) The total number of citations and orders for unwarrantable failure of the mine operator to comply with
mandatory health or safety standards under section 104(d) of the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C. 814(d));
(D) The total number of imminent danger orders issued under section 107(a) of the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C.
817(a));
(E) The total dollar value of proposed assessments from MSHA under the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C. 801 et seq.);
(F) Legal actions pending before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission involving such
coal or other mine as of the last day of the period;
(G) Legal actions initiated before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission involving such
coal or other mine during the period; and
(H) Legal actions resolved before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission involving such
coal or other mine during the period.
During the year ended December 31, 2015, our U.S. mine locations did not receive any flagrant violations
under Section 110(b)(2) of the FMSH Act and no written notices of a pattern of violations, or the potential to have a
pattern of such violations, under section 104(e) of the FMSH Act. In addition, there were no mining-related fatalities
at any of our U.S. mine locations during this same period.
Following is a summary of the information listed above for the year ended December 31, 2015:
Year Ended December 31, 2015
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
Section
104 S&S
Citations
Section
104(b)
Orders
Section
104(d)
Orders
Section
107(a)
Citations
&
Orders
Total Dollar
Value of
MSHA
Proposed
Assessments
(1)
Legal
Actions
Pending
as of
Last Day
of Period
Legal
Actions
Initiated
During
Period
Legal
Actions
Resolved
During
Period
87
3
—
—
90
—
93
52
13
2
28
23
7
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
2
— $
369,276
6 (2)
— $
4,776
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $
188,984
28 (3)
— $
1,000
—
— $
410,178
— $
83,529
— $
153,991
1
$
4,897
— $
331,643
— $
451,255
10 (4)
10 (5)
15 (6)
—
23 (7)
—
— $
157,247
8 (8)
5
—
—
—
5
—
1
1
4
—
43
4
8
1
—
—
—
4
—
3
4
10
—
46
16
2
Mine Name/ MSHA ID No.
Operation
Pinnacle Mine / 4601816
Pinnacle Plant / 4605868
Green Ridge #1 / 4609030
Green Ridge #2 / 4609222
Oak Grove / 0100851
Concord Plant / 0100329
Coal
Coal
Coal
Coal
Coal
Coal
Tilden / 2000422
Empire / 2001012
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Northshore Plant / 2100831
Iron Ore
Northshore Mine / 2100209
Iron Ore
Hibbing / 2101600
United Taconite Plant /
2103404
United Taconite Mine /
2103403
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Amounts included under the heading “Total Dollar Value of MSHA Proposed Assessments” are the total dollar amounts for proposed
assessments received from MSHA on or before December 31, 2015.
This number consists of 6 pending legal actions related to contests of proposed penalties referenced in Subpart C of FMSH Act's procedural
rules.
This number consists of 25 pending legal actions related to contests of proposed penalties referenced in Subpart C of FMSH Act's
procedural rules, 2 pending legal actions related to contests of citations and orders referenced in Subpart B of FMSH Act's procedural
rules and 1 appeal of judges' decisions or orders to the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission referenced in Subpart H of
FMSH Act's procedural rules.
This number consists of 8 pending legal actions related to contests of proposed penalties referenced in Subpart C of FMSH Act's procedural
rules, 1 appeal of judges' decisions or orders to the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission referenced in Subpart H of
FMSH Act's procedural rules, and 1 pending legal action related to complaints of discharge, discrimination, or interference referenced in
Subpart E of FMSH Act's procedural rules.
This number consists of 9 pending legal actions related to contests of proposed penalties referenced in Subpart C of FMSH Act's procedural
rules and 1 pending legal action related to complaints of discharge, discrimination or interference referenced in Subpart E of FMSH Act's
procedural rules.
This number consists of 15 pending legal actions related to contests of proposed penalties referenced in Subpart C of FMSH Act's
procedural rules.
This number consists of 2 pending legal actions related to contests of proposed penalties referenced in Subpart C of FMSH Act's procedural
rules, 17 pending legal actions related to contests of citations and orders referenced in Subpart B of FMSH Act's procedural rules, and
4 appeals of judges' decisions or orders to the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission referenced in Subpart H of FMSH
Act's procedural rules.
This number consists of 2 pending legal actions related to contests of proposed penalties referenced in Subpart C of FMSH Act's procedural
rules, 2 pending legal actions related to complaints of discharge, discrimination, or interference referenced in Subpart E of FMSH Act's
procedural rules, and 4 pending legal actions related to contests of citations and orders referenced in Subpart B of FMSH Act's procedural
rules.
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. and Subsidiaries
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(Dollars in Millions)
Exhibit 99(a)
Classification
Year Ended December 31, 2015:
Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance
Accounts Receivable Allowance
Year Ended December 31, 2014:
Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance
Accounts Receivable Allowance
Year Ended December 31, 2013:
Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance
Accounts Receivable Allowance
Additions
Balance at
Beginning
of Year
Charged
to Cost
and
Expenses
Charged
to Other
Accounts
Acquisition
Deductions
Balance at
End of Year
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,152.3
$
— $
54.3
7.1
849.6
$
634.9
$
$
$
2,165.9
$
— $
(12.6)
$
— $
— $
— $
858.4
$
72.1
$
(65.5)
$
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
3,372.5
— $
7.1
319.6
$
1,152.3
— $
—
15.4
$
849.6
— $
—
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Name
Position
Lourenco Goncalves
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
P. Kelly Tompkins
Terry G. Fedor
James D. Graham
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Executive Vice President, United States Iron Ore
Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer & Secretary
Maurice D. Harapiak
Executive Vice President, Human Resources
Terrence R. Mee
Clifford T. Smith
Executive Vice President, Global Commercial
Executive Vice President, Business Development
Age
58
59
51
50
54
46
56
Service
2
6
5
9
2
19
12
Committees Served
1 – Audit
2 – Compensation and Organization
3 – Governance and Nominating
4 – Strategy
Year in parentheses indicates year he/she became a director.
DIRECTORS
Lourenco Goncalves 4 (2014)
Chairman, President
and Chief Executive Officer
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
John T. Baldwin 1 (2014)
Former Chief Financial Officer
Worthington Industries, Inc.
Robert P. Fisher, Jr. 1,2 (2014)
President and Chief Executive Officer
George F. Fisher, Inc.
Former Managing Director
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Susan M. Green 3 (2007)
Former Deputy General Counsel
U.S. Congressional Office of Compliance
Joseph A. Rutkowski, Jr. 2,4 (2014)
Principal
Winyah Advisors LLC
Former Executive Vice President
Nucor Corporation
James S. Sawyer 1 (2014)
Former Chief Financial Offer
Praxair Inc.
Michael D. Siegal 3 (2014)
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Gabriel Stoliar 1,3,4 (2014)
Managing Partner
Studio Investimentos
Former Executive Vice President
Vale S.A.
Douglas C. Taylor 2,3 (2014)
Managing Partner
Casablanca Capital LP
Investor and Corporate Information
CORPORATE OFFICE
Cliffs Natural Resources Inc.
200 Public Square, Suite 3300
Cleveland, OH 44114-2315
P: 216.694.5700, F: 216.694.5385
cliffsnaturalresources.com
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
Wells Fargo Shareholder Services
P.O. Box 64874
St. Paul, MN 55164-0874
800.468.9716
ANNUAL MEETING
Date: April 27, 2016
Time: 11:30 a.m. EDT
Place: North Point
901 Lakeside Avenue
Cleveland, OH 44114
ADDITIONAL INFO
Cliffs’ Annual Report to the SEC (Form 10-K) and proxy statement are available on Cliffs’ website.
Copies of these reports and other Company publications also may be obtained by sending requests
to the attention of Investor Relations at the corporate office, or by telephone at 800.214.0739,
or e-mail: ir@cliffsnr.com.
COMMON SHARES
NYSE: CLF
A
N
N
U
A
L
R
E
P
O
R
T
2
0
1
5
C
L
I
F
F
S
N
A
T
U
R
A
L
R
E
S
O
U
R
C
E
S
I
N
C
.
2 0 0 P U B L I C S Q U A R E , S U I T E 3 3 0 0 • C L E V E L A N D , O H 4 4 1 1 4 • c l i f f s n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s . c o m