Clinical Laserthermia Systems
Annual Report 2015

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F (cid:1) Registration statement pursuant to Section 12(b) or (g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or (cid:2) Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 or (cid:1) Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from to or (cid:1) Shell company report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company report: Commission file number: 1-14832 CELESTICA INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Ontario, Canada (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 844 Don Mills Road Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3C 1V7 (Address of principal executive offices) Jim Fitzpatrick 416-448-2211 clsir@celestica.com 844 Don Mills Road Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3C 1V7 (Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person) SECURITIES REGISTERED OR TO BE REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: Title of each class: Subordinate Voting Shares Name of each exchange on which registered: The Toronto Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange SECURITIES REGISTERED OR TO BE REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: N/A SECURITIES FOR WHICH THERE IS A REPORTING OBLIGATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 15(d) OF THE ACT: N/A Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report. 124,524,300 Subordinate Voting Shares 0 Preference Shares 18,946,368 Multiple Voting Shares Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:1) If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes (cid:1) No (cid:2) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:1) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes (cid:1) No (cid:1) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): (cid:2) Large accelerated filer (cid:1) Accelerated filer (cid:1) Non-accelerated filer Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the statements included in this filing: U.S. GAAP (cid:1) International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (cid:2) Other (cid:1) If "Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 (cid:1) Item 18 (cid:1) If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes (cid:1) No (cid:2) TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I Item 1. Item 2. Item 3. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable Key Information A. B. C. D. Selected Financial Data Capitalization and Indebtedness Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds Risk Factors Item 4. Information on the Company Item 4A. Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Item 8. Item 9. History and Development of the Company Business Overview Organizational Structure Property, Plants and Equipment Directors and Senior Management Compensation Board Practices Employees Share Ownership A. B. C. D. Unresolved Staff Comments Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Directors, Senior Management and Employees A. B. C. D. E. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions A. B. C. Financial Information A. B. The Offer and Listing A. B. C. D. E. F. Offer and Listing Details Plan of Distribution Markets Selling Shareholders Dilution Expenses of the Issue Major Shareholders Related Party Transactions Interests of Experts and Counsel Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information Significant Changes i Page 1 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 28 28 28 39 40 41 42 82 82 86 125 128 129 131 131 133 134 134 134 135 135 135 137 137 137 137 137 Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Part II Item 13. Item 14. Item 15. Item 16. Item 16A. Item 16B. Item 16C. Item 16D. Item 16E. Item 16F. Item 16G. Item 16H. Part III Item 17. Item 18. Item 19. Additional Information A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Share Capital Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation Material Contracts Exchange Controls Taxation Dividends and Paying Agents Statement by Experts Documents on Display Subsidiary Information Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities A. B. C. D. Debt Securities Warrants and Rights Other Securities American Depositary Shares Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds Controls and Procedures [Reserved] Audit Committee Financial Expert Code of Ethics Principal Accountant Fees and Services Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers Change in Registrant's Certifying Accountant Corporate Governance Mine Safety Disclosure Financial Statements Financial Statements Exhibits ii Page 137 137 137 138 138 138 143 143 144 144 144 146 146 146 146 146 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 148 149 149 149 150 151 151 151 152 Part I. In this Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 (referred to herein as "this Annual Report"), "Celestica", the "Corporation", "we", "us" and "our" refer to Celestica Inc. and its subsidiaries. In this Annual Report, all dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars, except where we state otherwise. All references to "U.S.$" or "$" are to U.S. dollars and all references to "C$" are to Canadian dollars. Unless we indicate otherwise, any reference in this Annual Report to a conversion between U.S.$ and C$ is a conversion at the average of the exchange rates in effect for the year ended December 31, 2015. During that period, based on the relevant noon buying rates in New York City for cable transfers in Canadian dollars, as certified for customs purposes by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Bank, the average daily exchange rate was U.S.$1.00 = C$1.2791. Unless we indicate otherwise, all information in this Annual Report is stated as of February 10, 2016. Forward-Looking Statements Item 4, "Information on the Company", Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" and other sections of this Annual Report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the U.S. Securities Act, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the U.S. Exchange Act, and forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws (collectively, "forward-looking statements"), including, without limitation, statements related to: our future growth; trends in the electronics manufacturing services ("EMS") industry; our anticipated financial or operational results; the impact of acquisitions and program wins or losses on our financial results and working capital requirements; anticipated expenses, restructuring actions and charges, capital expenditures and/or benefits; our expected tax and litigation outcomes; our cash flows, financial targets and priorities; changes in our mix of revenue by end market; our ability to diversify and grow our customer base and develop new capabilities; the effect of the global economic environment on customer demand; the possibility of future impairments of property, plant and equipment, goodwill or intangible assets; the expected timing of ramping our solar programs in Asia, and the timing and extent of the expected recovery of cash advances made to a particular solar cell supplier; the impact of the Term Loan (as defined herein) on our liquidity, future operations and financial condition; the timing and terms of the sale of our real property in Toronto and related transactions, including the expected lease of our corporate head office (collectively, the "Toronto Real Property Transactions"); if the Toronto Real Property Transactions are completed, our ability to secure on commercially acceptable terms an alternate site for our existing Toronto manufacturing operations, and the transition costs for such expected relocation; and the number of subordinate voting shares and price thereof we may repurchase under our recently announced Normal Course Issuer Bid ("NCIB"). Such forward-looking statements may, without limitation, be preceded by, followed by, or include words such as "believes", "expects", "anticipates", "estimates", "intends", "plans", "continues", "project", "potential", "possible", "contemplate", "seek", or similar expressions, or may employ such future or conditional verbs as "may", "might", "will", "could", "should" or "would", or may otherwise be indicated as forward-looking statements by grammatical construction, phrasing or context. For those statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and applicable Canadian securities laws. Forward-looking statements are provided for the purpose of assisting readers in understanding management's current expectations and plans relating to the future. Readers are cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from conclusions, forecasts or projections expressed in such forward-looking statements, including, as is described in more detail in Item 3(D), "Key Information — Risk Factors", and elsewhere in this Annual Report, risks related to: our customers' ability to compete and succeed in the marketplace with the services we provide and the products we manufacture; price and other competitive factors generally affecting the EMS industry; managing our operations and our working capital performance during uncertain market and economic conditions; 1 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) responding to changes in demand, rapidly evolving and changing technologies, and changes in our customers' business and outsourcing strategies, including the insourcing of programs; customer concentration and the challenges of diversifying our customer base and replacing revenue from completed or lost programs or customer disengagements; changing commodity, material and component costs as well as labor costs and conditions; disruptions to our operations, or those of our customers, component suppliers or logistics partners, including as a result of global or local events outside our control, including natural disasters, epidemics, extreme weather conditions, political instability, labor or social unrest, criminal activity and other risks present in the jurisdictions in which we operate; retaining or expanding our business due to execution issues relating to the ramping of new and existing programs or new offerings; the incurrence of future impairment charges; recruiting or retaining skilled personnel and transitions associated with our new CEO; current or future litigation and/or governmental actions; successfully resolving commercial and operational challenges, and improving financial results in our semiconductor and solar businesses; delays in the delivery and availability of components, services and materials, including from new suppliers upon which we are dependent for certain components; non-performance by counterparties; our financial exposure to foreign currency volatility; our dependence on industries affected by rapid technological change; variability of revenue and operating results; managing our global operations and supply chain; increasing income taxes, tax audits, and challenges of defending our tax positions, and obtaining, renewing or meeting the conditions of tax incentives and credits; completing restructuring actions, including achieving the anticipated benefits therefrom, and integrating any acquisitions; defects or deficiencies in our products, services or designs; computer viruses, malware, hacking attempts or outages that may disrupt our operations; any failure to adequately protect our intellectual property or the intellectual property of others; compliance with applicable laws, regulations and social responsibility initiatives; our having sufficient financial resources and working capital following consummation of the Term Loan to fund currently anticipated financial obligations and to pursue desirable business opportunities; the potential that conditions to closing the Toronto Real Property Transactions may not be satisfied on a timely basis or at all; and if the Toronto Real Property Transactions are completed, our ability to secure on commercially acceptable terms an alternate site for our existing Toronto manufacturing operations, and the costs, timing and/or execution of such relocation proving to be other than anticipated. These and other material risks and uncertainties are discussed in our public filings at www.sedar.com and www.sec.gov, including in this Annual Report, subsequent reports on Form 6-K furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and our Annual Information Form filed with the Canadian Securities Administrators. 2 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127)  Our forward-looking statements are based on various assumptions, many of which involve factors that are beyond our control. Our material assumptions include those related to: production schedules from our customers, which generally range from 30 days to 90 days and can fluctuate significantly in terms of volume and mix of products or services; the timing and execution of, and investments associated with, ramping new business; the success in the marketplace of our customers' products; the stability of general economic and market conditions, currency exchange rates and interest rates; our pricing, the competitive environment and contract terms and conditions; supplier performance, pricing and terms; compliance by third parties with their contractual obligations, the accuracy of their representations and warranties, and the performance of their covenants; the costs and availability of components, materials, services, plant and capital equipment, labor, energy and transportation; operational and financial matters, including the extent, timing and costs of replacing revenue from completed or lost programs, or customer disengagements; technological developments; overall demand improvement in the semiconductor industry, and revenue growth and improved financial results in our semiconductor and solar businesses; the timing, execution and effect of restructuring actions; our having sufficient financial resources and working capital following consummation of the Term Loan to fund currently anticipated financial obligations and to pursue desirable business opportunities; and our ability to diversify our customer base, and develop new capabilities. Our assumptions and estimates are based on management's current views with respect to current plans and events, and are and will be subject to the risks and uncertainties discussed above and elsewhere in this Annual Report. While management believes these assumptions to be reasonable under current circumstances, they may prove to be inaccurate. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. You should read this Annual Report, and the documents, if any, that we incorporate herein by reference, with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by the cautionary statements contained in this Annual Report. Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers Not applicable. Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable Not applicable. Item 3. Key Information A. Selected Financial Data You should read the following selected financial data together with Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects", the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18 and the other information in this Annual Report. The selected financial data presented below is derived from our Consolidated Financial 3 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) Statements, which are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). See Item 18. The consolidated financial information in the following three tables was prepared in accordance with IFRS. No dividends have been declared by the Corporation. 2011 2012 Year ended December 31 2013 (in millions, except per share amounts) 2014 2015 Consolidated Statements of Operations Data(1): Revenue Cost of Sales(1) Gross profit(1) Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A), including research and development(2) Amortization of intangible assets Other charges(3) Earnings from operations(1) Finance costs(4) Earnings before income taxes(1) Income tax expense (recovery) Net earnings(1) Other Financial Data: Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Property, plant and equipment and computer software cash expenditures Shares used in computing per share amounts (in millions): Basic Diluted Consolidated Balance Sheet Data(1): Cash and cash equivalents Working capital(5) Property, plant and equipment Total assets Borrowings under credit facility(6) Capital stock Total equity(1) (1) Changes in accounting policies: $ $ 7,213.0 6,724.4 488.6 $ 6,507.2 6,068.8 438.4 5,796.1 5,406.6 389.5 $ $ 5,631.3 5,225.9 405.4 5,639.2 5,248.1 391.1 267.2 13.5 6.5 201.4 5.4 196.0 3.7 192.3 0.89 0.88 62.3 $ $ $ $ 252.2 11.3 59.5 115.4 3.5 111.9 (5.8) 117.7 0.56 0.56 105.9 $ $ $ $ 239.7 12.2 4.0 133.6 2.9 130.7 12.7 118.0 0.64 0.64 52.8 216.3 218.3 208.6 210.5 183.4 185.4 2011 2012 As at December 31 2013 (in millions) $ 658.9 1,116.0 322.7 2,969.6 — 3,348.0 1,470.5 $ 550.5 911.8 337.0 2,658.8 55.0 2,774.7 1,322.7 544.3 1,011.3 313.6 2,638.9 — 2,712.0 1,402.0 230.0 10.6 37.1 127.7 3.1 124.6 16.4 108.2 0.61 0.60 61.3 $ $ $ $ 230.7 9.2 35.8 115.4 6.3 109.1 42.2 66.9 0.43 0.42 62.8 178.4 180.4 155.8 157.9 2014 2015 $ 565.0 1,049.9 312.4 2,583.6 — 2,609.5 1,394.9 545.3 990.6 314.6 2,612.0 262.5 2,093.9 1,091.0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Effective January 1, 2014, we adopted IFRIC Interpretation 21, Levies, which clarified when the liability for certain levies should be recognized and required retroactive adoption, and IAS 32, Financial Instruments — Presentation (revised), which clarified the requirements for offsetting financial assets and liabilities. The adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Effective January 1, 2013, we adopted the amendment issued by the IASB to IAS 19, Employee Benefits, which required a retroactive restatement of prior periods related to unrecognized past service credits that we had been amortizing to operations on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Upon retroactive adoption of this amendment, we recognized these past service credits on our balance sheet and decreased our post-employment benefit obligations and our deficit. Our net earnings for 2011 also decreased to reflect the reversal of past service credits that we retroactively recorded directly to deficit as of December 31, 2010 and the changes in the 4 calculation of the interest component of pension expense. The impact on our net earnings for 2012 was not significant. The impact of adopting the amendment was as follows: Post-employment benefit obligations Deficit* Cost of sales Net Earnings As at December 31, 2011 2012 (in millions) — increase (decrease) (6.7 ) (6.7 ) $ $ (6.0 ) (6.0 ) Year ended December 31, 2011 2012 (in millions) — increase (decrease) 2.8 (2.8 ) $ $ — — $ $ $ $ * Under this amendment, we continue to recognize actuarial gains or losses on plan assets or obligations in other comprehensive income and to reclassify the amounts to deficit. Our actuarial gains on pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans for 2011 increased by $1.9 million and our actuarial losses for 2012 increased by $0.7 million. (2) SG&A expenses include research and development costs of $23.2 million in 2015, $19.7 million in 2014, $17.4 million in 2013, $15.2 million in 2012, and $13.8 million in 2011. (3) Other charges in 2011 totaled $6.5 million, comprised primarily of: (a) $14.5 million in restructuring charges offset, in part, by (b) a $6.5 million reversal of provisions. Other charges in 2012 totaled $59.5 million, comprised primarily of: (a) a $44.0 million restructuring charge and (b) a non-cash impairment of $17.7 million relating to our annual impairment assessment, primarily against goodwill. Other charges in 2013 totaled $4.0 million, comprised primarily of: (a) $28.0 million in restructuring charges offset, in part, by (b) a $24.0 million recovery of damages from the settlement of class action lawsuits in which we were a plaintiff. Other charges in 2014 totaled $37.1 million, comprised primarily of: (a) a non-cash impairment of $40.8 million against the goodwill of our semiconductor business resulting from our annual impairment assessment; and (b) a non-cash settlement loss of $6.4 million relating to a certain pension plan, offset, in part, by: (i) an $8.0 million recovery of damages resulting from the settlement of class action lawsuits in which we were a plaintiff; and (ii) a $2.1 million net reversal of restructuring charges. Other charges in 2015 totaled $35.8 million, comprised primarily of: (a) $23.9 million in restructuring charges, and (b) an aggregate non-cash impairment of $12.2 million against the property, plant and equipment of our CGUs in Japan and Spain (recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015). See note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. (4) Finance costs are comprised primarily of interest expenses and fees related to our credit facility (including our Term Loan commencing in 2015) and our accounts receivable sales program. See note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. (5) Calculated as current assets less current liabilities. (6) Borrowings under our credit facility do not include our finance lease obligations. Exchange Rate Information The rate of exchange as of February 10, 2016 for the conversion of Canadian dollars into United States dollars was U.S.$0.7159 and for the conversion of United States dollars into Canadian dollars was C$1.3969. The following table sets forth the exchange rates for the conversion of U.S.$1.00 into Canadian dollars for the identified periods. The rates of exchange set forth herein are shown as, or are derived from, the reciprocals of the noon buying rates in New York City for cable transfers payable in Canadian dollars, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The source of this data is the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve's website (http://www.federalreserve.gov). Average 2011 0.9887 2012 0.9995 2013 1.0300 2014 1.1043 2015 1.2791 5 February 2016 (through February 10th) 1.4039 1.3724 January 2016 1.4592 1.3970 December 2015 1.3989 1.3357 November 2015 1.3360 1.3093 October 2015 1.3242 1.2901 September 2015 1.3414 1.3146 High Low B. Capitalization and Indebtedness Not applicable. C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds Not applicable. D. Risk Factors Any of the following risk factors, or any combination of them, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. Our shareholders and prospective investors should carefully consider each of the following risks and all of the other information set forth in this Annual Report. We are dependent on a limited number of customers and end markets. We are also dependent on our customers' ability to compete and succeed in the marketplace with the services we provide and the products we manufacture. Our customers include original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") and service providers. We depend upon a small number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue. During 2015, three customers (2014 — three customers; 2013 — two customers) individually represented more than 10% of our total revenue, and our top 10 customers represented 67% (each of 2014 and 2013 — 65%) of our total revenue. We are also dependent upon revenue from our traditional end markets (Communications, Servers and Storage), which represented 68% of our consolidated revenue in 2015 (2014 — 67%; 2013 — 69%). These end markets are characterized by rapid shifts in technology, commoditization of certain products, the emergence of new business models and shifting patterns of demand, such as cloud-based environments and the proliferation of software-defined storage, and increased competition. The mix of our customers and the types of products or services we provide to these customers will have an impact on our operating results from period-to-period. To reduce our reliance on any one customer or end market, we continue to target new customers and services, including expanding business in our Diversified end market (which is comprised of aerospace and defense, industrial, healthcare, energy, and semiconductor equipment), and exploring acquisition opportunities. We are also focused on expanding revenue in our higher value-added services, such as design and development, engineering, supply chain management and after-market services, and have de-emphasized our lower margin business, including our consumer portfolio. Although revenue from our diversified end market has increased in recent years, our operating results in this end market have been negatively impacted by the costs associated with ramping new business. In particular, our operating results have been adversely affected by challenges related to our semiconductor and solar businesses, which have incurred and may continue to incur losses in future periods (and are expected to continue with respect to our solar business through the first quarter of 2016). As part of our solar expansion, we have invested in infrastructure and equipment, and have entered into an agreement with a solar cell supplier, to which we have made significant cash advances. Certain countries provide subsidies and economic incentives to end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of solar power products to promote greater use of solar power, because the cost of generating electricity from solar power generally exceeds the costs of generating electricity from conventional or non-solar renewable energy sources. Certain of these government subsidies and economic incentives have been reduced or eliminated in some countries, and may continue to be reduced in these or other countries or be eliminated altogether. Furthermore, a decrease in the price of other energy products could reduce demand for solar energy and may reduce the urgency of the market to invest in alternative energy. A significant reduction in the demand for solar energy, or the scope or discontinuation of government incentive programs, could cause demand for our solar products and revenues to decline. As a result, there can be no assurance that our solar expansion will be successful. 6  Notwithstanding these expansion efforts, we are still dependent on our traditional end markets for a significant portion of our revenue, which are subject to the various factors described above and continue to experience slower growth rates and increased pricing pressures. Failure to secure business from existing or new customers in our traditional or other end markets would adversely impact our operating results. There can be no assurance that our efforts to secure new customers and services in our traditional and new markets, including the impact of acquisitions, will succeed in reducing our customer concentration. Acquisitions are also subject to integration risk, and revenues and margins could be lower than we anticipate. Our operating results are highly dependent upon our customers' ability to compete and succeed in the marketplace with the products we manufacture. Certain of our customers have experienced, and may in the future experience, severe revenue erosion, pricing and margin pressures, and excess inventories that, in turn, have adversely affected (and in the future may adversely affect) our operating results. There can be no assurance that present or future customers will not terminate their manufacturing or service arrangements with us, or that they will not significantly change, reduce or delay the volume of manufacturing or other services they order from us, any of which would adversely affect our operating results. Customers may also shift business to our competitors, in-source programs, or adjust the concentration of their supplier base. A decline in revenue from any significant customer or the loss of any significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. We cannot assure the replacement of completed, delayed, cancelled or reduced orders with new business. In addition, the ramping of new programs may take from several months to more than a year before production starts and may require significant up-front investments and increased working capital requirements. During this start-up period, these programs may generate losses or may not achieve the expected financial performance due to production ramp inefficiencies, lower than expected volume, or delays in ramping to volume. Our customers may significantly change these programs, or even cancel them altogether, due to changes in end-market demand or changes in the actual or anticipated success of their products in the marketplace. See " Our revenue and operating results may vary significantly from period to period". All of the foregoing may adversely affect our margins, cash flow, and our ability to grow our revenue, and may increase the variability of our operating results from period to period. We operate in an industry comprised of numerous competitors and aggressive pricing dynamics. We operate in a highly competitive industry. Our competitors include Benchmark Electronics, Inc., Flextronics International Ltd., Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., Jabil Circuit, Inc., Plexus Corp., and Sanmina Corporation, as well as smaller EMS companies that often have a regional, product, service or industry-specific focus, and original design manufacturers ("ODMs"). In recent years, we have expanded our joint design and manufacturing ("JDM") offering, which encompasses advanced technology design solutions that customers can tailor to their specific platform applications. We may face increased competition from ODMs, who also specialize in providing internally designed products and manufacturing services, as well as component and sub-system suppliers, distributors and/or systems integrators. We also face indirect competition from the manufacturing operations of our current and prospective customers, as these companies may choose to manufacture products internally rather than outsource to EMS providers, or they may choose to insource previously outsourced business, particularly where internal excess capacity exists. The competitive environment in our industry is very intense and aggressive pricing is a common business dynamic. Some of our competitors have greater scale and a broader range of services than we offer. While we continue to increase our capacity in lower-cost regions to reduce our costs, these regions may not provide the same operational benefits that they have in the past due to rising costs and a continued aggressive pricing environment. Additionally, our current or potential competitors may: increase or shift their presence in new lower-cost regions to try to offset continuous competitive pressure and increasing labor costs or to secure new business; develop or acquire services comparable or superior to those we develop; combine or merge to form larger competitors; or adapt more quickly than we may to new technologies, evolving industry trends and changing customer requirements. Some of our competitors have increased their vertical capabilities by manufacturing modules or components used in the products they assemble, such as metal or plastic parts and enclosures, backplanes, circuit boards, cabling and related products. This expanded capability may provide them 7 with a competitive advantage and greater cost savings and may lead to more aggressive pricing for electronics manufacturing services. Competition may cause pricing pressures, reduced profits or a loss of market share (for example, from program losses or customer disengagements). We may not be able to compete successfully against our current and future competitors. We continue to operate in an uncertain global economic environment. The global economy continues to be uncertain and may continue to negatively impact end market demand and our operations. Some key indicators of sustainable economic growth remain under pressure. Ongoing concerns over the sustainability of the economic recovery in the US, credit and sovereign debt concerns in certain European countries, the low price of crude oil across the globe and related implications for potential global deflation, as well as concerns over slowed economic growth in China and other international markets, have contributed to economic uncertainty, disruptions in the financial credit markets, volatile currency exchange rates and energy costs, concerns about inflation, slower economic activity, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns. We have invested significant resources in China and other Asian countries, and may fail to realize the anticipated benefits associated with such investments, which would adversely impact our financial results. It is uncertain how long these effects will last, or whether economic and financial trends will worsen or improve. In addition, uncertain global economies and currencies have adversely impacted, and may continue to unpredictably impact, our operating results, including as a result of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. See " We are exposed to translation and transaction risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; hedging instruments may not be effective in mitigating such risks". Financial market instability may also result in a lower return on our financial investments, and a lower value on some of our assets. Alternately, inflation may lead to higher interest rates, which would increase our borrowing costs and the costs of raising capital. Uncertainty surrounding the current global economic and geo-political outlook continues to limit the overall demand visibility of our end markets and may impact future demand for some of the products we manufacture or services we provide. This environment may also impact the financial condition of our customers or suppliers, as well as the number and pace of customer consolidation. A deterioration in the economic environment may accelerate the effect of the various risk factors described in this Annual Report and could result in other unforeseen events that may adversely impact our business and financial condition. Our customers may be negatively affected by rapid technological changes, shifts in business strategy and/or the emergence of new business models. Many of our customers compete in markets that are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, continuous improvements in products and services, commoditization of certain products, changes in preferences by end customers or other changes in demand, and the emergence of competitors with new business models that deemphasize the traditional OEM distribution channels. These conditions frequently result in shorter product lifecycles and may lead to shifts in our customers' business strategy. Our success will depend on the success achieved by our customers in developing, marketing and selling their products. If technologies or standards supported by our customers' products and services or their business models become obsolete, fail to gain widespread acceptance or are cancelled, our business could be adversely affected. For example, declines in end-market demand for customer-specific proprietary systems in favor of open systems with standardized technologies could have an adverse impact on our business. Other examples include the shift from traditional network infrastructures to highly virtualized and cloud-based environments, the prevalence of solid state memory as a replacement for hard disk drives, as well as the proliferation of software-defined networks and software-defined storage, any or all of which could adversely impact our business. The highly competitive nature of our customers' products and services could also drive further consolidation among OEMs, and result in product line consolidation that could adversely impact our customer relationships and our revenue. For example, several major customers in our communications and storage end markets have announced mergers or partnerships during 2015. Including as a result of the foregoing, certain of our customers have experienced, and may in the future experience, severe revenue erosion, pricing and margin pressures, and excess inventories that, in turn, have adversely affected (and in the future may adversely affect) our operating results. 8 Our operations could be adversely affected by global or local events outside our control, including natural disasters, epidemics, extreme weather conditions, political instability, terrorism, labor or social unrest, criminal activity and other risks present in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our operations and those of our customers, component suppliers and/or our logistics partners may be disrupted by global or local events outside our control, including: natural disasters and related disruptions; political instability; terrorism; armed conflict; labor or social unrest; criminal activity; disease or illness, epidemics and health advisories, including those related to SARS, avian flu, and Ebola, that affect local, national or international economies; unusually adverse weather conditions; and other risks present in the jurisdictions in which we, our customers, our suppliers and/or our logistics partners operate. Such events could materially adversely affect our results of operations and increase our costs. We carry insurance to cover damage to our sites and interruptions to our operations, including those that may occur as a result of natural disasters, such as flooding and earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis or other events. However, our insurance policies are subject to deductibles, coverage limitations and exclusions, and may not provide adequate (or any) coverage should such events occur. Increased international political instability, including unsettled political conditions currently existing in the United States and Europe, instability in parts of the Middle East, as well as the ongoing refugee crisis, anti-immigrant activities, social unrest and fears of terrorism, enhanced national security measures, armed conflicts, security issues at the U.S./Mexico border related to illegal immigration or criminal activities associated with illegal drug activities, labor or social unrest, strained international relations and the related decline in consumer confidence arising from these and other factors may materially hinder our ability to conduct business, or may reduce demand for our products or services. Any escalation in these events or similar future events may disrupt our operations or those of our customers and suppliers and could adversely affect the availability of materials needed to manufacture our products or the means to transport those materials to manufacturing sites and finished products to customers. We rely on a variety of common carriers for the transportation of materials and products and for their ability to route these materials and products through various international ports and other transportation hubs. A work stoppage, strike or shutdown of any important supplier's site or operations, or at any major port or airport, or the inability to access any such site for any reason, could result in manufacturing and shipping delays or expediting charges, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. Such events have had and may in the future have an adverse impact on the U.S. and global economy in general, and on consumer confidence and spending, which may adversely affect our revenue and financial results. Such events could increase the volatility of the market price of our securities and may limit the capital resources available to us and our customers and suppliers. We may encounter difficulties expanding or consolidating our operations or introducing new competencies or new offerings, which could adversely affect our operating results. As we expand our business, open new sites, enter into new markets, products and technologies, invest in research, design and development, acquire new businesses or capabilities, transfer business from one location to another location within our network, consolidate certain operations, and/or introduce new business models or programs, we may encounter difficulties that result in higher than expected costs associated with such activities and/or customer dissatisfaction with our performance. Potential difficulties related to our growth and/or operations include our ability to: manage growth effectively, including having trained personnel to manage expanded operations, new customers, and/or new products or services; maintain existing customer, supplier, employee and other favorable business relationships during periods of transition or consolidation; anticipate disruptions in our operations that may impact our ability to deliver to customers on time, to produce quality products and to ensure overall customer satisfaction; and respond rapidly to changes in customer demand or volumes, including as a result of program completions or losses, or customer disengagements. We may also encounter difficulties in ramping and executing new programs from existing or new customers. We may require significant investments to support these new programs, including increased working capital requirements, and may generate lower margins or losses during and/or following the ramp period. There can be no assurance that our increased investments will benefit us or result in business growth. As we pursue 9 opportunities in new markets or technologies, we may encounter challenges due to our limited knowledge or experience. In addition, the success of new business models or programs depends on a number of factors including: understanding the new business or markets, including appropriate staffing needs; timely and successful development of products or services (by us and/or our customer); market acceptance; the effective management of purchase commitments and inventory levels in line with anticipated demand; the development or acquisition of appropriate intellectual property and capital investments, to the extent required; the availability of materials in adequate quantities and at appropriate costs to meet anticipated demand; and the risk that new offerings may have quality or other defects in the early stages of introduction. Any of these factors could prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of growth in new markets or technologies, which could materially adversely affect our business and operating results. For example, we completed acquisitions in 2011 and in 2012 in order to expand our diversified end market offerings to include semiconductor capital equipment. The semiconductor market has historically been cyclical and subject to significant and often rapid shifts in product demand and technological changes. Our semiconductor business has been negatively impacted by volatility in customer demand, the cost of our investments, operational inefficiencies, commercial challenges associated with a particular customer, and the costs, terms, timing and challenges of ramping new sites and programs. The negative impact of these factors resulted in losses in 2014 as well as a reduction in the long-term cash-flow projections used for our 2014 impairment assessment of our semiconductor business, and in the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $40.8 million against the goodwill of this business. Although we continue to make progress in addressing the inefficiencies and challenges which have affected our semiconductor business, the negative factors above, combined with demand volatility in this market, may continue to adversely impact the revenue and profitability of this business, as well as our financial position and cash flows. In addition, to support recent new program wins in our solar business and anticipated growth in global demand for solar energy, we made investments in 2015 in our solar business to establish competitive solar energy manufacturing capabilities in Asia, including newly leased equipment, and making cash advances to an Asia-based solar cell supplier ("Solar Supplier") to help secure our solar cell supply. We also transitioned a portion of our solar operations from North America to Asia. However, the expansion of our solar business has been slower than anticipated, and we incurred higher than expected costs in this business in 2015, primarily due to ramping delays and operational inefficiencies at our new solar site in Asia, as well as challenges experienced by some of our suppliers, including the Solar Supplier, in meeting our ramp requirements. These negative factors impacted our output in 2015 and adversely affected the operating results of our solar business for the year. See Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Overview of business environment" for further discussion of the factors which have negatively impacted our semiconductor and solar businesses. Revenue from our diversified end market represented 29% of total revenue in 2015, up from 25% of total revenue in 2013. Continued growth in our diversified end market is a key focus area for us. As with any new business expansion, however, our operating results will be negatively impacted by the costs of ramping activities. If we encounter difficulties, such as ramping delays or operational inefficiencies, we may incur higher than expected costs associated with such ramping activities. Although revenue from our diversified end market has increased in recent years, we have encountered challenges in connection with the expansion of our semiconductor and solar businesses (within our diversified end market), and have incurred related losses, which may continue in the future (and are expected to continue with respect to our solar business through the first quarter of 2016). In addition, in recent years, although we have expanded our JDM offering (to our storage customers in particular), we may face increased competition with respect to this offering in the future, from ODMs and other companies providing similar services. There can be no assurance that our expansion into new markets or new business will be successful, or that we will achieve the anticipated benefits. Consolidation may adversely affect our business relationships or the volume of business we conduct with our customers. Our customers, competitors and suppliers may be subject to consolidation. Increasing consolidation in industries that utilize our services may occur as companies combine to achieve economies of scale and other synergies, which could result in an increase in excess manufacturing capacity as companies seek to divest manufacturing operations or eliminate product lines (several major customers in our communications and 10 storage end markets have announced mergers or partnerships during 2015). Excess manufacturing capacity may increase pricing and competitive pressures in our industry as a whole and for us in particular. Consolidation could also result in an increasing number of very large companies offering products in multiple industries. The significant purchasing power and market power of these large companies could increase pricing and competitive pressures for us. If one of our customers is acquired by another company that does not rely on us to provide services, has its own production services, or relies on another provider of similar services, we may lose that customer's business. Such consolidation may reduce the number of customers from which we generate a significant percentage of our revenue, and further expose us to increased risks relating to our dependence on a small number of customers. Any of the foregoing results of industry consolidation could adversely affect our business. Consolidation among our competitors may create a competitive advantage over us, which may also result in a loss of business and revenue if customers shift their production. Such consolidation may also result in pricing pressures, which could negatively impact our profit margins. Changes in OEM strategies, including the divestiture or exit from certain of their businesses, may also result in a loss of business for us. We may encounter challenges with respect to our acquisitions and strategic transactions which could adversely affect our operating results. We intend to expand our presence in new end markets and expand our capabilities in existing markets and technologies, some of which may occur through acquisitions. These transactions may involve acquisitions of entire companies or acquisitions of selected assets. We have also completed numerous strategic transactions with our customers, under which we have acquired inventory, equipment and other assets from certain customers; leased or acquired a manufacturing site of such customers; and simultaneously entered into multi-year manufacturing and supply agreements for the production of their products. Potential challenges related to these acquisitions and transactions include: integrating acquired operations, systems and businesses; meeting customers' expectations as to volume, product quality and timeliness; retaining customer, supplier, employee or other business relationships of acquired operations; addressing unforeseen liabilities of acquired businesses; limited experience with new technologies and markets; failure to realize anticipated benefits, such as cost savings and revenue enhancements; failure to achieve anticipated business volumes or operating margins; valuation methodologies not accurately capturing the value of the acquired business; the effects of diverting management's attention from day-to-day operations to matters involving the integration of acquired businesses; incurring potentially substantial transaction costs associated with these transactions; increased burdens on our staff and on our administrative, internal control and operating systems, which may hinder our legal and regulatory compliance activities; overpayment for an acquisition; and potential impairments resulting from post-acquisition deterioration in, or reduced benefit from, an acquired business. While we often obtain indemnification rights from the sellers of acquired businesses, such rights may be difficult to enforce, the losses may exceed any dedicated escrow funds, and the indemnitors may not have the ability to financially support the indemnity. Any of these factors may prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of an acquisition, including additional revenue, operational synergies and economies of scale. Any delay or failure to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions may adversely affect our business and operating results and may require us to write-down the carrying value of any related goodwill and intangible assets in periods subsequent to the acquisitions. For example, in 2014, we recorded a $40.8 million impairment to the goodwill of our semiconductor business (which arose from our 2011 acquisition of the semiconductor equipment contract manufacturing operations of Brooks Automation Inc. and our 2012 acquisition of D&H Manufacturing Company (D&H)). In addition, there is no assurance that we will find suitable acquisition targets, that we will be able to consummate any such transactions on terms and conditions acceptable to us, or that we will be able to fund any such acquisitions with existing cash resources. Acquisitions may also involve businesses we are not familiar with, and expose us to additional business risks that are different than those we have traditionally experienced or anticipated at the time of acquisition. If we are unable to recruit or retain highly skilled personnel, or if we do not successfully manage the transitions associated with our new CEO, our business could be adversely affected. The recruitment of personnel in the EMS industry is highly competitive. We believe that our future success depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled executive, technical and management personnel. We do not have employment or non-competition agreements with the majority of our employees. The 11 loss of the services of certain executive, management and technical employees, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, in August 2015, Robert A. Mionis was appointed as our new CEO and a member of our board of directors. There can be no guarantee that the transition to a new CEO will be smooth or successful. Leadership transitions can be inherently difficult to manage and may cause uncertainty or a disruption to our business or may increase the likelihood of turnover in key officers and employees. Our new CEO could make organizational changes, including changes to our management team and may make future changes to our structure. The presence of a new CEO may impact our relationships with customers, vendors, and employees, potentially resulting in loss of business, loss of vendor relationships, and the loss of key employees or declines in the productivity of existing employees. The uncertainties associated with senior management transitions could lead to concerns from current and potential third parties with whom we do business, any of which could hurt our business prospects. Our future success may be dependent upon the continued services of our other executive officers and senior personnel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain their services. Turnover in key leadership positions within the Company, or any failure to successfully integrate key new hires or promoted employees, may adversely impact our ability to manage the Company efficiently and effectively, could be disruptive and distracting to management and may lead to additional departures of existing personnel, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial results and internal controls over financial reporting. We are dependent on third parties to supply equipment and materials, and our results can be negatively affected by the availability and cost of components. The purchase of equipment, materials and electronic components represents a significant portion of our costs. We rely on third parties to provide such items. If we are unable to find qualified equipment manufacturers or suppliers, our ability to successfully complete a program could be impaired. A delay or interruption in supply from a component supplier, especially for single-sourced components, could have a significant impact on our operations and on our customers, if we are unable to deliver finished products in a timely manner. If the amount we are required to pay for equipment and supplies exceeds what we have estimated, especially in a fixed price contract, we may suffer losses on these contracts. If a supplier or manufacturer fails to provide supplies or equipment as required under a contract for any reason, we may be required to source these items from other third parties on a delayed basis or on less favorable terms, which could impact our profitability. Additionally, quality or reliability issues at any of our component providers, or financial difficulties that affect their production and ability to supply us with components, could halt or delay production of a customer's product, or result in claims against us for failure to meet required customer specifications, which could materially adversely impact our operating results. Supply shortages for a particular component can delay production of, and revenue from, products using that component. Shortages also may result in our carrying higher levels of inventory and extended lead-times, or result in increased component prices, which may require price increases in the products and services that we provide. Any increase in our costs that we are unable to recover in our pricing to our customers would negatively impact our margins and operating results. At various times in our industry's history, there have been industry-wide shortages of electronic components. Shortages, or fluctuations in the cost of components, may have a material adverse effect on our business or cause our operating results to fluctuate from period-to-period. Changes in forecasted volumes or in our customers' requirements can negatively affect our ability to obtain components and adversely impact our operating results. In addition, a failure by a supplier or manufacturer to comply with applicable laws, regulations or customer requirements could negatively impact our business, and for government customers, could result in fines, penalties, suspension or even debarment being imposed on us, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. 12 Our results may be negatively affected by rising labor costs. There is some uncertainty with respect to the pace of rising labor costs in various regions in which we operate. Any increase in labor costs that we are unable to recover in our pricing to our customers would negatively impact our margins and operating results. Inherent challenges in managing unanticipated changes in customer demand may impact our planning, supply chain execution and manufacturing, and may adversely affect our operating performance and results. Our customers use EMS providers for new product introductions and expect rapid response times to meet changes in volume requirements. Although we generally enter into master supply agreements with our customers, the level of business to be transacted under those agreements is not guaranteed. Instead, we bid on a program-by-program basis and typically receive customer purchase orders for specific quantities and timing of products. Most of our customers typically do not commit to production schedules for more than 30 days to 90 days in advance and we often experience volatility in customer orders. Additionally, a significant portion of our revenue can occur in the last month of the quarter, and purchase orders may be subject to change or cancellation, all of which affect our operating results when they occur. Accordingly, our forecasts of customer orders may be inaccurate, and may make it difficult to order appropriate levels of materials, schedule production, and maximize utilization of our manufacturing capacity and resources. Our customers may change their forecasts, production quantities or product type requirements, or may accelerate, delay or cancel production quantities for various reasons. When customers change production volumes or request different products to be manufactured from those in their original forecast, the unavailability of components and materials for such changes could also adversely impact our revenue and working capital performance. Further, to guarantee continuity of supply for many of our customers, we are required to manufacture and warehouse specified quantities of finished goods. The uncertainty of demand in our customers' end markets, intense competition in our customers' industries and general order volume volatility may result in customers delaying or canceling the delivery of products we manufacture for them or placing purchase orders for lower volumes of products than previously anticipated. Order cancellations, or changes or delays in production, may result in higher than expected levels of inventory, which could in turn have a material adverse impact on our operating results and working capital performance. We may not be able to return or re-sell this inventory, or we may be required to hold the inventory for a period of time, any of which may result in our having to record additional reserves for the inventory if it becomes excess or obsolete. Order cancellations and delays could lower our asset utilization, resulting in higher levels of unproductive assets, lower inventory turns, and lower margins. Volatility in commodity prices may negatively impact our operating results. We rely on various energy sources in our production and transportation activities. The price of commodities can be volatile. Increases in prices for energy and other commodities could result in higher raw material and component costs and transportation costs. Any increase in our costs that we are unable to recover in our pricing to our customers would negatively impact our margins and operating results. We may experience increased financial and reputational risk due to non-performance by counterparties. A failure by a counterparty, which includes customers, suppliers, financial institutions and other third parties with which we conduct business, to fulfill its contractual obligations may result in a financial loss to us, and may adversely affect our reputation. We provide payment terms to most of our customers generally ranging from 30 days to 90 days (although from time to time we provide significantly shorter payment terms). Our accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2015 was $681.0 million, with two customers individually representing more than 10% of our total accounts receivable. If any of our customers have insufficient liquidity, we could encounter significant delays or defaults in payments owed to us by such customers, or we may extend our payment terms, which could adversely impact our financial condition and operating results. Any extensions or delays in payments owed to us could adversely impact our short-term cash flows. We also may not be able to recover all of the amounts owed to us by a customer, including amounts to cover unused inventory or capital investments we acquired to support that customer's business. During 2015, we entered into an agreement with 13 the Solar Supplier, which included a commitment by us to provide it with specified cash advances. We advanced $29.5 million during 2015 to the Solar Supplier, which it used to help finance the expansion of its manufacturing operations into Malaysia. Our solar business is dependent on the Solar Supplier to provide the majority of our solar cell requirements. Such advances are scheduled to be repaid through quarterly installments, which commenced in the fourth quarter of 2015 and are to continue through the end of 2017. If a key supplier experiences financial difficulties, this may affect its ability to supply us with materials or components (and in addition, in the case of the Solar Supplier, to repay the cash advances), which could halt or delay the production of a customer's product, and have a material adverse impact on our operations, financial results and customer relationships. We are exposed to translation and transaction risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; hedging instruments may not be effective in mitigating such risks. Global currency markets can be volatile. Although we conduct the majority of our business in U.S. dollars (our functional currency), our global operations subject us to translation and transaction risks associated with fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could have a material adverse impact on our operating results and/or financial condition. A significant portion of our operational costs (including payroll, pensions, site costs, costs of locally sourced supplies and inventory, and income taxes) are denominated in various currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may significantly increase the amount of translated U.S. dollars required for costs incurred in other currencies or significantly decrease the U.S. dollars received from non-U.S. dollar revenues. Our significant non-U.S. currency exposures include the Canadian dollar, Thai baht, Malaysian ringgit, Mexican peso, British pound sterling, Chinese renminbi, Euro, Romanian leu and Singapore dollar. Although our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, currency risk on our income tax expense arises as we are generally required to file our tax returns in the local currency for each particular country in which we have operations. A weakening of the local currency against the U.S. dollar could have a negative impact on our income taxes payable (related to increased local-currency taxable profits) and on our deferred tax costs (primarily related to the revaluation of non-monetary foreign assets from historical average exchange rates to the period-end exchange rates). See note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. While our hedging programs are designed to mitigate currency risk vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar, we remain subject to taxable foreign exchange impacts in our translated local currency financial results relevant for tax reporting purposes. As part of our risk management program, we enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to lock in the exchange rates for future foreign currency transactions, which is intended to reduce the variability of our operating costs and future cash flows denominated in local currencies. While these contracts are intended to reduce the effects of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, our hedging strategy does not mitigate the longer-term impacts of changes to foreign exchange rates. We do not enter into these contracts for trading purposes or speculation, and our management believes all such contracts are entered into as hedges of underlying transactions. Nonetheless, these instruments involve costs and risks of their own in the form of transaction costs, credit requirements and counterparty risk. If our hedging program is not successful, or if we change our hedging activities in the future, we may experience significant unexpected expenses from fluctuations in exchange rates. Our financial results have been adversely impacted by negative foreign currency translation effects in the past, and such adverse effects, some of which may be substantial, are likely to recur in the future. Our ability to successfully manage unexpected changes or risks inherent in our global operations and supply chain may adversely impact our financial performance. We have sites in the following countries: Canada, the United States, China, Ireland, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mexico, Romania, Singapore, Spain and Thailand. During 2015, approximately 80% of our revenue was produced at locations outside of North America. We also purchase the majority of our components and materials from international suppliers. 14  Global operations are subject to inherent risks which may adversely affect us, including: changes in local tax rates and tax incentives and the adverse tax consequences of repatriating earnings; labor unrest and differences in regulations and statutes governing employee relations; cultural differences and/or differences in local business customs; changes in regulatory requirements; inflation and rising costs; changes in international political relations; difficulty in staffing (including skilled labor availability and cost) and managing foreign operations; challenges in building and maintaining infrastructure to support operations; compliance with a variety of foreign laws, including import and export tariffs and regulations; adverse changes in trade policies between countries in which we maintain operations; changes in logistics costs; changes in the availability, lead time, and cost of components and materials; weaker laws protecting intellectual property rights and/or greater difficulty enforcing such rights; global economic, political and social instability; potential restrictions on the transfer of funds and/or other restrictive actions by foreign governments; the effects of terrorist activity, armed conflict and epidemics; and global currency fluctuations. Any of these risks could disrupt the supply of our components or materials, slow or stop our production, and/or increase our costs. Compliance with trade and foreign tax laws may increase our costs and actual or alleged violations of such laws could result in enforcement actions or financial penalties that could result in substantial costs. In addition, the introduction or expansion of certain social programs in foreign jurisdictions would likely increase our costs, and certain supplier's costs, of doing business. We may not keep pace with rapidly evolving technology. We continue to evaluate the advantages and feasibility of new manufacturing processes. We believe our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to continually develop and deliver electronic and complex mechanical manufacturing services that meet our customers' evolving needs. This may involve investing in new processes, capabilities or equipment to support new technologies used in our customers' current or future products, and to support their supply chain processes. Additionally, as we expand our service offerings, such as our JDM offering, or pursue business in new markets, where our experience may be limited, we may be less effective in adapting to technological change. Our manufacturing and supply chain processes, test development efforts and design capabilities may not be successful due to rapid technological shifts in any of these areas. Various industry-specific standards, qualifications and certifications are required to produce certain types of products for our customers. Failure to obtain or maintain those certifications may adversely affect our ability to maintain existing levels of business or win new business. We may not adequately protect our intellectual property or the intellectual property of others. We believe that certain of our proprietary intellectual property rights and information provide us with a competitive advantage. Accordingly, we take steps to protect this proprietary information, including entering into non-disclosure agreements with customers, suppliers, employees and other parties, and by implementing security measures. However, our protection measures may not be sufficient to prevent or detect the misappropriation or unauthorized use or disclosure of our property or information. 15 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127)  There is also a risk that claims of intellectual property infringement could be brought against us, our customers and/or our suppliers. If such claims are successful, we may be required to spend significant time and money to develop processes that do not infringe upon the rights of another person or to obtain licenses for the technology, process or information from the owner. We may not be successful in such development, or any such licenses may not be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, any litigation could be lengthy and costly and could adversely affect us even if we are successful in the litigation. As we expand our JDM and other service offerings and pursue business in new end markets, we may be less effective in anticipating or mitigating the intellectual property risks related to new manufacturing, design and other services, which could be significant. There may be problems with the products we design or manufacture that could result in liability/warranty claims against us, which may reduce demand for our services, damage our reputation, and/or cause us to incur significant costs. In most of our sales contracts, we provide warranties against defects or deficiencies in our products, services, or designs. The extent of the warranties varies by customer, and warranties generally range from one to three years (however, the warranty period for our JDM designs and solar panel products are generally longer). We generally design and manufacture products to our customers' specifications, many of which are highly complex, and include products for industries, such as healthcare, aerospace and defense, that tend to have higher risk profiles. The customized design solutions that form a part of our JDM offering also subject us to the risk of liability claims if defects are discovered or alleged. Despite our quality control and quality assurance efforts, problems may occur, or may be alleged, in or resulting from the design and/or manufacturing of these products. Whether or not we are responsible, problems in the products we design and/or manufacture, or in products which include components we manufacture, whether real or alleged, whether caused by faulty customer specifications, the design or manufacturing processes or a component defect, may result in increased costs to us, as well as delayed shipments to customers, and/or reduced or canceled customer orders. These potential claims may include damages for the recall of a product and/or injury to person or property, including consequential and/or punitive damages. Even if customers or third parties, such as component suppliers, are responsible for defects, they may not, or may not be able to, assume responsibility for any such costs or required payments to us. While we seek to insure against many of these risks, insurance coverage may be inadequate, not cost effective or unavailable, either in general or for particular types of products or issues. As we expand our service offerings (for example, our solar panel manufacturing and JDM offerings) and pursue business in new end markets, our warranty obligations may increase and we may not be successful in pricing our products to appropriately cover our warranty costs. A successful claim for damages arising from defects or deficiencies for which we are not adequately insured, and for which indemnification from a third party is not timely (or otherwise) available, could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and/or our operating results and financial condition. We are subject to the risk of increasing income taxes, tax audits, and the challenges of successfully defending our tax positions, and obtaining, renewing or meeting the conditions of tax incentives and credits, any of which may adversely affect our financial performance. We conduct business operations in a number of countries, including countries where tax incentives have been extended to encourage foreign investment or where income tax rates are low. Our income tax expense could increase significantly if certain tax incentives from which we benefit are retracted. A retraction could occur if we fail to satisfy the conditions on which these tax incentives are based, or if they are not renewed or replaced upon expiration. Our income tax expense could also increase if tax rates applicable to us in such jurisdictions are otherwise increased, or due to changes in legislation or administrative practices. Changes in our outlook in any particular country could impact our ability to meet the required conditions. See Item 5 "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Income taxes" for a discussion of recently expired tax incentives. 16  We develop our tax filing positions based upon the anticipated nature and structure of our business and the tax laws, administrative practices and judicial decisions currently in effect in the jurisdictions in which we have assets or conduct business, all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. Certain of our subsidiaries provide financing or products and services to, and may from time-to-time undertake certain significant transactions with, other subsidiaries in different jurisdictions. Moreover, several jurisdictions in which we operate have tax laws with detailed transfer pricing rules which require that all transactions with non-resident related parties be priced using arm's-length pricing principles, and that contemporaneous documentation must exist to support such pricing. We are subject to tax audits globally by various tax authorities pertaining to historical information, which could result in additional tax expense in future periods relating to prior results. Any such increase in our income tax expense and related interest and/or penalties could have a significant adverse impact on our future earnings and future cash flows. See Item 5 "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Income taxes". The successful pursuit of the assertions made by any taxing authority related to pending or newly-instituted tax audits could result in our owing significant amounts of tax, interest, and possibly penalties. We believe we have substantial defenses to the asserted positions and have adequately accrued for any probable potential adverse tax impact. However, there can be no assurance as to the final resolution of these claims and any resulting proceedings. If these claims and any ensuing proceedings are determined adversely to us, the amounts we may be required to pay could be material, and could be in excess of amounts currently accrued. As at December 31, 2015, a significant portion of our cash and cash equivalents was held by subsidiaries outside of Canada. Although substantially all of the cash and cash equivalents held outside of Canada are permitted to be repatriated, a significant portion may be subject to withholding taxes under current tax laws. We have not recognized deferred tax liabilities for cash and cash equivalents held by certain subsidiaries related to unremitted earnings that are considered indefinitely reinvested outside of Canada and that we do not intend to repatriate in the foreseeable future (approximately $405 million and $310 million of cash and cash equivalents as at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively). We have incurred significant restructuring charges, impairment charges and operating losses, and may experience such charges and losses in future periods. We have in the past, and again in recent periods, recorded charges relating to restructuring actions and the impairment of property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, and have incurred operating losses for certain of our businesses. These amounts have varied from period to period. We have undertaken numerous initiatives to restructure and reduce our capacity and cost structures in response to changes in the EMS industry and in end-market demand, with the intention of improving utilization and reducing our overall cost structure. See note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. We may not be able to retain or expand existing business due to execution issues relating to significant headcount reductions, plant closures or product transfers resulting from any restructuring actions we take. We may also incur higher operating expenses during periods of transition. During 2015, we implemented certain restructuring actions as a result of a review of our overall operational efficiency and cost structure, including the consolidation of two of our semiconductor sites into a single location, and the resultant write down of certain equipment and reduction in the related workforce, as well as other headcount reductions implemented in various geographies. In connection therewith, we recorded restructuring charges of $23.9 million in 2015. Previous restructuring actions resulted in restructuring charges of $28.0 million in 2013. We perform ongoing evaluations of our operations, and expect to implement further restructuring actions in 2016. Any failure to successfully execute or realize the expected benefits from these initiatives, including any delay in implementing these initiatives, may have a material adverse impact on our operating results. We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amount of our goodwill, intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment on an ongoing basis, and we may incur impairment charges, which could be substantial and could adversely affect our financial results. Impairment assessments inherently involve judgment as to assumptions about expected future cash flows and the impact of market conditions on those assumptions. Future events and 17 changing market conditions may impact our assumptions as to prices, costs, or other factors that may result in changes in our estimates of future cash flows. Factors that might reduce the recoverable amount of goodwill, intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment below their respective carrying values include declines in our stock price and market capitalization, reduced future cash flow estimates, and slower growth rates in any of our businesses. We recorded non-cash impairment charges of $12.2 million in 2015 (against the property, plant and equipment of two of our CGUs) and $40.8 million in 2014 (against the goodwill of our semiconductor business). See note 15(b) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. In 2014, our semiconductor business incurred higher than expected operating losses primarily as a result of lower than anticipated customer demand for the year, challenges associated with the ramping of new sites and programs, and operational inefficiencies and commercial challenges associated with a particular customer, resulting in the impairment described above. Although operating results for the semiconductor business improved in 2015 (and no further semiconductor CGU impairments were required in 2015), the negative factors described above, combined with demand volatility in this market, may result in additional operating losses and/or further impairments for this business in future periods. See Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Overview of business environment". Our operations and our customer relationships may be adversely affected by disruptions to our information technology ("IT") systems, including disruptions from cybersecurity breaches of our IT infrastructure. We rely on information technology networks and systems, including those of third-party service providers, to process, transmit and store electronic information. In particular, we depend on our IT infrastructure for a variety of functions, including worldwide financial reporting, inventory and other data management, procurement, invoicing and email communications. Any of these systems may be susceptible to outages due to fire, floods, power loss, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, sabotage and similar events. Global cybersecurity threats and incidents can range from uncoordinated individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to our IT systems to sophisticated and targeted measures known as 'advanced persistent threats'. The ever-increasing use and evolution of technology, including cloud-based computing, creates opportunities for the unintentional dissemination or intentional destruction of confidential information stored in our systems or in non-encrypted portable media or storage devices. We could also experience a business interruption, information theft of confidential data, or reputational damage from industrial espionage attacks, malware or other cyber attacks, which may compromise our system infrastructure or lead to data leakage, either internally or at our third-party providers. Despite the implementation of network security measures and disaster recovery plans, our systems and those of third parties on which we rely may also be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins and similar disruptions. If we or our vendors are unable (or are perceived as unable) to prevent such outages and breaches, our operations may be disrupted and our business reputation could be adversely affected. We expect that risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks will remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats. We may not be able to prevent or detect all errors or fraud. Due to the inherent limitations of internal control systems, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected in a timely manner or at all. Accordingly, we cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues, errors or instances of fraud, if any, within (or otherwise impacting) the Corporation have been or will be prevented or detected. In addition, over time, certain aspects of a control system may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate, which we may not be able to address quickly enough to prevent all instances of error or fraud. We may not be able to increase revenue if outsourcing by OEMs or service providers slows. Future growth in our revenue includes a dependence on new outsourcing opportunities in which we assume additional manufacturing and supply chain management responsibilities from OEMs or service providers. Our future growth will be limited to the extent that these opportunities are not available as a result of decisions of OEMs or service providers to perform these functions internally or delaying their decision to outsource, or if we 18 are unable to win new contracts. Customers may also decide to insource production that they had previously outsourced to better utilize their internal capacity or for other reasons. In addition, the global economic environment, political pressures, negative sentiment by our customers' customers or local governments may impact our customers' business decisions. These and other factors could adversely affect the rate of outsourcing generally, or adversely affect the rate of outsourcing to EMS providers like Celestica. Our revenue and operating results may vary significantly from period to period. Our quarterly and annual results may vary significantly depending on various factors, certain of which are described below, and many of which are beyond our control. the volume and timing of customer demand relative to our capacity; the typical short life cycle of our customers' products and success in the marketplace of our customers' products; customers' financial conditions; changes to our mix of customers, programs and/or end market demand; varying revenues and gross margins among geographies and programs for the products or services we provide; pricing pressure, the competitive environment and contract terms and conditions; challenges associated with the ramping of programs for new or existing customers; unanticipated customer disengagements; the timing of expenditures in anticipation of future orders; our effectiveness in planning production and managing inventory, fixed assets and manufacturing processes; operational inefficiencies and disruptions in production at individual sites; changes in cost and availability of commodities, materials, components, services and labor; current or future litigation and/or governmental actions; currency fluctuations; and changes in U.S. and global economic and political conditions and world events. Our mix of revenue by end market is also impacted by, among other factors, overall end market demand, the timing and extent of new program wins, program completions or losses, customer disengagements, or follow-on business from customers and from acquisitions. Changes to our mix of revenue by end market, and the conditions that are specific to each end market, could lead to volatility in our revenue and margins from period to period and adversely impact our financial position and cash flows. From time to time we experience some level of seasonality in our quarterly revenue patterns across certain of the end markets we serve. As our revenue from quarter-to-quarter is dependent on various factors, including the level of demand and mix in each of our end markets, it is difficult to isolate the impact of seasonality and other external factors on our business. However, historically, revenue from our storage end market has increased in the fourth quarter of the year compared to the third quarter, and then decreased in the first quarter of the following year, reflecting the increase in customer demand we typically experience in this end market in the fourth quarter. In addition, we typically experience our lowest overall revenue levels during the first quarter of each year. There is no assurance that these patterns will continue. 19 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) Compliance with governmental laws and obligations could be costly and may negatively impact our financial performance. We are subject to various federal/national, state/provincial, local, foreign and supra-national environmental laws and regulations. Our environmental management systems and practices have been designed to provide for compliance with these laws and regulations. Maintaining compliance with and responding to increasingly stringent regulations require a significant investment of time and resources and may restrict our ability to modify or expand our manufacturing sites or to continue production. Any failure to comply with these laws and regulations may potentially result in significant fines and penalties, our operations may be suspended or subjected to increased oversight, and our cost of related investigations could be material in any period. More complex and stringent environmental legislation continues to be imposed, including laws that place increased responsibility and requirements on the "producers" of electronic equipment and, in turn, their providers and suppliers. Such laws may relate to product inputs (such as hazardous substances and energy consumption), product use (such as energy efficiency and waste management/recycling), and/or operational outputs/by-products from our manufacturing processes that can result in environmental contamination (such as waste water, air emissions and hazardous waste). Noncompliance with these requirements may potentially result in substantial costs, including fines and penalties, and we may incur liability to our customers and consumers. Where compliance responsibility rests primarily with OEMs rather than with EMS companies, OEMs may turn to EMS companies like Celestica for assistance in meeting their obligations. Our customers are becoming increasingly focused on issues such as waste management (including recycling), climate change (including the reduction of carbon emissions) and product stewardship, and expect their EMS providers to be environmental leaders. We strive to meet such customer expectations, although these demands may extend beyond our regulatory obligations and require significant investments of time and resources to attract and retain customers. We generally have obtained environmental assessment reports, or reviewed assessment reports undertaken by others, for most of our manufacturing sites at the time of acquisition or leasing. Such assessments may not reveal all environmental liabilities, and current assessments have not been obtained for all sites. In addition, some of our operations involve the use of hazardous substances that could cause environmental contamination. Although if deemed necessary, we may investigate, remediate or monitor air, soil and/or groundwater contamination at some of our owned or leased sites, we may not be aware of, or adequately address, all such conditions, and we may incur significant costs to perform such work in the future. In many jurisdictions in which we operate, environmental laws impose liability for the costs of removal, remediation or risk assessment of hazardous or toxic substances on an owner, occupier or operator of real estate, even if such person or company was unaware of or not responsible for the discharge or migration of such substances. In some instances where soil or groundwater contamination existed prior to our ownership or occupation, landlords or former owners may have retained some contractual responsibility or regulatory liability, but this may not provide sufficient protection to reduce or eliminate liability to us. Third-party claims for damages or personal injury are also possible and could result in significant costs to us. Moreover, current remediation, mitigation and risk assessment measures may not be adequate to comply with future laws. In addition to the environmental regulations described above, which generally apply to all of our manufacturing operations and processes, certain end markets in which we operate (particularly the healthcare and aerospace and defense markets) are subject to additional regulatory oversight. Our healthcare business is subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the "FDA"), Health Canada, the European Medicines Agency, the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency, and similar regulatory bodies in other jurisdictions, relating to the medical devices and hardware we manufacture for our customers. Several of our sites around the world are certified or registered in quality management standards applicable to the healthcare industry. We are required to comply with the various statutes and regulations related to the design, development, testing, manufacturing and labeling of our medical devices in addition to reporting of certain information with respect to the safety of such products. Any failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines, injunctions, product recalls, import detentions, additional regulatory controls, suspension of production, and/or the shutting down of one or more of our sites, among other adverse outcomes. Failure to comply with these regulations may also materially affect our reputation and/or relationships with customers and regulators. 20  We provide design, engineering and manufacturing related services to our customers in the aerospace and defense end market. As part of these services, we are subject to substantial regulation from government agencies including the U.S. Department of Defense ("DOD") and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. Several of our sites around the world are certified in quality management standards applicable to the aerospace and defense industry. Failure to comply with these regulations or the loss of any of our quality management certifications may result in fines, penalties and injunctions, and could prevent us from executing on current or winning future contracts, any of which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. In addition to quality management standards, there are several other U.S. regulations that we are also required to follow, including the Federal Acquisition Regulations ("FAR"), which provides uniform policies and procedures for acquisition; the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement, a DOD agency supplement to the FAR that provides DOD-specific acquisition regulations that DOD government acquisition officials, and those contractors doing business with DOD, must follow in the procurement process for goods and services; and the Truth in Negotiations Act, which is a law enacted for the purpose of providing for full and fair disclosure by contractors in the conduct of negotiations with the government. Our international operations require us to comply with various anti-bribery laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") and the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (Canada) ("CFPOA"). In some countries in which we operate, it may be customary for businesses to engage in business practices that are prohibited by the FCPA, CFPOA or other laws and regulations. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with the FCPA, CFPOA and similar laws, there can be no assurance that all of our employees and agents, as well as those companies to which we outsource certain business operations, will not be in violation of our policies or procedures. In addition to the difficulty of monitoring compliance, any suspected or alleged activity would require a costly investigation by us and may result in the diversion of management's time, resources and attention. Failure to comply with these laws may subject us to, among other things, adverse publicity, penalties and legal expenses that may harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. With respect to our solar business, the United States government has imposed tariffs on solar cells manufactured in China and Taiwan. Although our agreements with the Solar Supplier and other solar cell suppliers are intended to reduce our need to use solar cells manufactured in these countries, periodic supply constraints for these components may from time to time prevent us from sourcing all of our solar cells from outside of these regions. To the extent that we manufacture solar panels for delivery to our customers in the United States that contain cells manufactured in China or Taiwan, we are subject to such tariffs, which would in turn increase our total solar panel costs. Any such additional costs that we are unable to recover in our pricing to customers would negatively impact our margins and operating results. As a public company, we are subject to stringent laws, regulations and other requirements, including those resulting from the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank"), affecting, among other areas, our accounting, internal controls, corporate governance practices, securities disclosures and reporting. For example, Dodd-Frank contains provisions concerning specified minerals originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries that are believed to benefit armed groups (referred to as "conflict minerals"). As required by this Act, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") has adopted due diligence, disclosure and reporting requirements for companies that manufacture, or contract to manufacture, products that include conflict minerals. We manufacture such products for our customers. Due to our complex supply chain, compliance with these rules is time-consuming and costly. If we are unable to ascertain the origins of all such minerals used in the manufacturing of our products through the due diligence procedures we implement, we may be unable to satisfy our customers' certification requirements. This may harm our reputation, damage our customer relationships and result in a loss of revenue. If the SEC rules or other new social or environmental standards limit our pool of suppliers in order to produce "conflict free" or "socially responsible" products, or otherwise adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products, we could also experience cost increases and a material adverse impact on our operating results. The regulatory climate can itself affect the demand for our services. For example, government reimbursement rates and other regulations, as well as the financial health of healthcare providers, and recent changes in how healthcare in the U.S. is structured, including as a result of the U.S. Affordable Care Act, and 21 how medical devices are taxed, could affect the willingness and ability of end customers to purchase the products of our customers in this market as well as impact our margins. Our customers are also required to comply with various government regulations, legal requirements and industry standards, including many of the industry-specific regulations discussed above. Our customers' failure to comply could affect their businesses, which in turn would affect our sales to them. In addition, if our customers are required by regulation or other requirements to make changes in their product lines, these changes could significantly disrupt particular programs for these customers and create inefficiencies in our business. Any failure to comply with customer-driven policies and standards, and third party certification requirements, including those related to social responsibility, could adversely affect our business and reputation. In addition to government regulations and industry standards, our customers may require us to comply with their own social responsibility, conflict minerals, quality or other business policies or standards, which may be more restrictive than current laws and regulations and our pre-existing policies, before they commence, or continue, doing business with us. Such policies or standards may be customer-driven, established by the industries in which we operate, or imposed by third party organizations. For example, we are a member of the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition ("EICC"). The EICC is a non-profit coalition of electronics companies and establishes standards for its members in responsible and ethical practices in the areas of labor, environmental compliance, employee health and safety, ethics and social responsibility. Our compliance with these policies, standards and third-party certification requirements could be costly, and our failure to comply could adversely affect our operations, customer relationships, reputation and profitability. Compliance or the failure to comply with employment laws and regulations may negatively impact our financial performance. We are subject to a variety of domestic and foreign employment laws, including those related to: workplace safety, discrimination, harassment, whistle-blowing, wages and overtime, classification of employees and severance payments. Compliance with such laws may increase our costs. In addition, such laws are subject to change, and enforcement activity relating to these laws, particularly outside the United States, can increase as a result of greater media attention due to alleged violations by other companies, changes in law, political and other factors. There can be no assurance that, in the future, we will not be found to have violated elements of such laws. Any such violations could lead to the assessment of fines or damages against us by regulatory authorities or claims by employees, any of which could adversely affect our operating results and/or our reputation. We may be required to make larger contributions to our defined benefit pension and other pension plans in the future. We maintain multiple defined benefit pension plans, as well as other pension plans. Our pension funding policy for our defined pension plans is to contribute amounts sufficient, at minimum, to meet local statutory funding requirements that are based on actuarial calculations. Our obligations are based on certain assumptions relating to expected plan asset performance, salary escalation, employee turnover, retirement ages, life expectancy, expected healthcare costs, the performance of the financial markets, future interest rates, and plan and legislative changes. If actual results or future expectations differ from these assumptions or if statutory funding requirements change, the amounts we are obligated to contribute to the pension plans may increase and such increase could be significant. We are also required to contribute amounts to our other pension plans to meet local statutory funding requests. The amounts we are obligated to contribute may increase due to legislative and other changes. Failure to comply with the conditions of government grants may lead to grant repayments and adversely impact our financial performance. We have received grants from government organizations or other third parties as incentives related to capital investments or other spending. These grants often have future conditions with which we must comply. If we do not meet these future conditions, we could be obligated to repay all or a portion of the grant, which could adversely affect our financial position and operating results. 22 There are inherent uncertainties involved in the estimates, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements. Any changes in estimates, judgments and assumptions could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS. The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities and related reserves, revenues and expenses. Estimates, judgments and assumptions are inherently subject to changes in future periods, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. Our credit agreement contains restrictive covenants that may impair our ability to conduct business, and the failure to comply with such covenants could cause our outstanding debt to become immediately payable. Our credit agreement contains restrictive covenants that limit our management's discretion with respect to certain business matters. Among other factors, these covenants restrict our ability and our subsidiaries' ability to incur additional debt, create liens or other encumbrances, change the nature of our business, sell or otherwise dispose of assets, merge or consolidate with other entities, or effect a change in control. This agreement also contains certain financial covenants related to indebtedness and interest coverage. If we are not able to comply with these covenants, our outstanding debt could become immediately due and payable, and the incurrence of additional debt under our revolving credit facility would not be allowed, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and ability to conduct our business. We are subject to interest rate fluctuations. We have a $300.0 million revolving credit facility ("Revolving Facility), which may be increased by an additional $150.0 million on an uncommitted basis under specified circumstances, and a $250.0 million term loan ("Term Loan") that each mature in May 2020 (collectively, the "credit facility"). Outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest at LIBOR, Prime, Base Rate Canada or Base Rate (each as defined in the credit agreement), at our option, plus a margin. The Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. At December 31, 2015, we had $237.5 million outstanding under the Term Loan, and $25.0 million outstanding under the Revolving Facility (at each of December 31, 2014 and 2013 — no Term Loan and no amounts outstanding under the Revolving Facility). Our borrowings under our credit facility, which vary from time to time, expose us to interest rate risks due to fluctuations in these rates and margins. If the amount we borrow under our credit facility is substantial, an increase in interest rates would have a more pronounced impact on our interest expense. Significant interest rate fluctuations may affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In connection with our Substantial Issuer Bid, we incurred significant additional indebtedness, which could adversely affect us, including by decreasing our business flexibility. The financing of a substantial portion of our $350.0 million "modified Dutch auction" substantial issuer bid ("SIB") with the Term Loan has significantly increased our indebtedness in comparison to recent historical levels. This has increased our interest expense and could have the effect, among other things, of reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions. The amount of cash required to pay interest and principal repayments impact our liquidity and the cash resources that would otherwise be available to conduct our business, including for working capital or to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, or future expansion of our business, and for other general corporate purposes. Deterioration in financial markets or in the macro-economic environment may adversely affect our ability to raise funds or increase the cost of raising funds. We currently have access to the Revolving Facility, which matures in May 2020. We may also issue debt or equity securities to fund our operations or make acquisitions. Our ability to borrow or raise capital, or renew our facility, may be impacted if financial markets are unstable. Disruptions in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our ability to draw on our Revolving Facility. Our access to funds under our credit facility is dependent on the ability of our senior lenders to meet their funding commitments. They may not be able to meet 23 their funding commitments to us if they experience shortages of capital and liquidity or if they experience excessive volumes of borrowing requests from us and other borrowers within a short period of time. Longer term disruptions in the capital and credit markets as a result of uncertainty, changing or increased regulation, reduced alternatives, or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our access to liquidity needed for our business. Any disruption could require us to take measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding sources can be arranged. Such measures could include deferring capital expenditures, and reducing or eliminating discretionary uses of cash. Our credit rating may be downgraded. Any negative change in our credit rating may make it more expensive for us to raise additional capital in the future on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all. The interest of our controlling shareholder, Onex Corporation, with an approximate 79% voting interest, may conflict with the interests of other shareholders. Onex Corporation ("Onex"), beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, all of our outstanding multiple voting shares and less than 1% of our outstanding subordinate voting shares. The number of subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares beneficially owned by Onex, directly or indirectly, represents approximately 79% of the voting interest in Celestica. Accordingly, Onex has the ability to exercise significant influence over our business and affairs and generally has the power to determine all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders where our shares vote together as a single class. Onex may make decisions regarding Celestica and our business that are opposed to other shareholders' interests or with which other shareholders may disagree. Onex's voting power could have the effect of deterring or preventing a change in control of our Corporation that might otherwise be beneficial to our other shareholders. Through its shareholdings, Onex has the power to elect our directors and its approval is required for significant corporate transactions such as certain amendments to our articles of incorporation, the sale of all or substantially all of our assets and plans of arrangement. The directors so elected have the authority, subject to applicable laws, to appoint or replace senior management, cause us to issue additional subordinate voting shares or multiple voting shares or repurchase subordinate voting shares or multiple voting shares, declare dividends or take other actions. Under our credit agreement, it is an event of default entitling our lenders to demand repayment if Onex ceases to control Celestica unless the shares of Celestica become widely held ("widely held" meaning that no one person or entity owns more than 33% of the votes). Gerald W. Schwartz, the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Onex, is also one of our directors, and holds, indirectly or directly, shares representing the majority of the voting rights of the shares of Onex. The interests of Onex and Mr. Schwartz may differ from the interests of the remaining holders of subordinate voting shares. For additional information about shareholder rights and restrictions relative to our subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares, see Item 10(B), "Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation". For additional information about our principal shareholders, see Item 7(A), "Major Shareholders". Also see Item 7(B), "Related Party Transactions" for a description of Mr. Schwartz's ownership interest in the purchasing entity under an agreement of purchase and sale with respect to our real property located in Toronto, Ontario. Onex has, from time-to-time, issued debentures exchangeable and redeemable under certain circumstances for our subordinate voting shares, entered into forward equity agreements with respect to our subordinate voting shares, sold our subordinate voting shares (after exchanging multiple voting shares for subordinate voting shares), or redeemed these debentures through the delivery of our subordinate voting shares, and could take similar actions in the future. These sales may impact our share price or have consequences on our debt and ownership structure. 24 We are subject to litigation, including securities class action and shareholder derivative lawsuits, which may result in substantial litigation expenses, settlement costs or judgments, require the time and attention of key management resources, and result in adverse publicity, any of which may negatively impact our financial performance. We were party (until July 2015) to securities class action lawsuits commenced in 2007 against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by certain individuals, on behalf of themselves and other unnamed purchasers of our subordinate voting shares. On July 28, 2015, the District Court approved the settlement of the U.S. case. The time for any person to appeal the District Court's order has expired, and the settlement payment to the plaintiffs was paid by our liability insurance carriers. Parallel class proceedings were initiated in October 2011 against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. These proceedings are not affected by the settlement discussed above. On October 15, 2012, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice granted limited aspects of the defendants' motion to strike, but dismissed the defendants' limitation period argument. The defendants' appeal of the limitation period issue was dismissed on February 3, 2014 when the Court of Appeal for Ontario overturned its own prior decision on the limitation period issue. On August 7, 2014, the defendants were granted leave to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada, together with two other cases that dealt with the limitation period issue. The Supreme Court of Canada heard the appeal on February 9, 2015. The Supreme Court of Canada released its decision on December 4, 2015, allowing the defendants' appeal and holding that the statutory claims of the plaintiff and the class under the Ontario Securities Act are barred by the applicable limitation period. In an earlier decision dated February 14, 2014, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice denied certification of the plaintiffs' common law claims. No party appealed that decision. We will be seeking our costs of the Supreme Court proceedings and the proceedings below. It is too early to assess the quantum of costs that may be awarded, if any. The Canadian plaintiff has initiated a second motion to certify its common law claims, even though those claims were denied certification in February 2014. We believe that the February 2014 decision is final and binding and that any attempt to re-open certification of the common law claims is without merit. There can be no assurance that the outcome of the lawsuit will be favorable to us or that it will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position or liquidity. In addition, we may incur substantial litigation expenses in defending the claim. As the matter is ongoing, we cannot predict its duration or the resources required. See Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Litigation and contingencies" and note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Litigation" in Item 18 for a detailed description of the history and status of such lawsuits. In addition, in the ordinary course of our business, we are from time to time party to various copyright, patent and trademark infringement, unfair competition, breach of contract, customs, employment and other legal actions incidental to our business, as plaintiff or defendant. From time to time, we are involved in various claims, suits, investigations and legal proceedings. Additional legal claims or regulatory matters may arise in the future and could involve matters relating to commercial disputes, government regulation and compliance, intellectual property, antitrust, tax, employment or shareholder issues, product liability claims and other issues on a global basis. Regardless of the merits of the claims, litigation may be both time-consuming and disruptive to our business. The defense and ultimate outcome of any lawsuits or other legal proceedings may result in higher operating expenses and a decrease in our margins, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We cannot predict the final outcome of such lawsuits or the likelihood that other proceedings will be instituted against us. Accordingly, the cost of defending against such lawsuits or any future lawsuits or proceedings may be high and, in any event, these legal proceedings may result in the diversion of our management's time and attention away from our business. In the event that there is an adverse ruling in any legal proceeding, we may be required to make payments to third parties that could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial condition and results of operations. Changes in accounting standards enacted by the relevant standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our reported operating results, profitability and financial performance. Accounting standards are revised periodically and/or expanded upon by applicable standard-setting bodies. We are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards and to comply with revised interpretations issued 25 from time-to-time by these authoritative bodies, which include the Canadian Accounting Standards Board ("CASB"), the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"), and the SEC. Such standards could have a significant effect on our accounting methods and reported results. For example, the IASB issued a new revenue recognition standard and amended the standard relating to the classification, measurement and impairment of financial assets and hedge accounting; both of these standards will apply to us beginning January 1, 2018. Changes in accounting standards could adversely affect our reported operating results or financial condition. Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS. Our reported financial information may not be comparable to the information reported by our competitors or other public companies that use different accounting standards. The Financial Accounting Standards Board and IASB have been jointly collaborating on a series of projects to converge, improve and align the U.S. and international accounting standards as one global high quality standard. While there have been delays in the convergence effort, we continue to monitor developments and consider the potential impacts. Shares eligible for public sale may adversely affect our share price. Future sales of our subordinate voting shares in the public market, or the issuance of subordinate voting shares in connection with our equity-based compensation plans or otherwise, could adversely affect the market price of the subordinate voting shares. At February 10, 2016, we had 124.5 million subordinate voting shares and 18.9 million multiple voting shares outstanding. In addition, as of such date, there were 15.8 million subordinate voting shares reserved for issuance from treasury under our employee equity-based compensation plans and for director compensation, including 2.9 million subordinate voting shares underlying stock options (vested and unvested), 0.8 million subordinate voting shares underlying unvested restricted share units, 3.6 million subordinate voting shares underlying unvested performance share units, and 1.3 million subordinate voting shares underlying deferred share units that have not been settled. Moreover, pursuant to our articles of incorporation, we may issue an unlimited number of additional subordinate voting shares without further shareholder approval (subject to any required stock exchange approvals). Sales of a substantial number of our subordinate voting shares in the public market by holders of exercised vested options or vested share units settled in or exercised for subordinate voting shares may lower the prevailing market price for such shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the future sale of our equity securities. Additionally, if we issue additional subordinate voting shares, or if holders of outstanding vested options exercise those options or if vested shares units are settled in newly-issued subordinate voting shares, our shareholders will incur dilution. The exercise price of all options is subject to adjustment upon stock dividends, splits and combinations, if any, as well as anti-dilution adjustments as set forth in the relevant award agreement. The market price of our stock may be volatile. The stock market in recent years has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of our stock. These fluctuations have often been unrelated to the operating performance of our company. Factors such as changes in our operating results, announcements by our customers, competitors or other events affecting companies in the electronics industry, currency fluctuations, general market fluctuations, and macro-economic conditions may cause the market price of our subordinate voting shares to decline. Using our cash resources to repurchase subordinate voting shares presents potential risks and disadvantages to us and our continuing shareholders. Under the SIB launched and completed during the second quarter of 2015, we repurchased and cancelled approximately 26.3 million subordinate voting shares at a price of $13.30 per share (for an aggregate purchase price of $350.0 million), representing approximately 15.5% of our total multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares issued and outstanding immediately prior to the completion of the SIB. Although our board of directors determined that the SIB repurchases were in the best interests of our shareholders, and under our new NCIB (approved in February 2016), we are authorized to repurchase up to approximately 10.5 million additional subordinate voting shares, at times and prices we consider appropriate, such repurchases expose us to certain risks including: risks resulting from a reduction in the size of our "public float" (defined as the number of 26 subordinate voting shares owned by non-affiliated shareholders which are available for trading in the securities markets), which may reduce the trading volume of our subordinate voting shares, resulting in reduced liquidity and, potentially, lower trading prices; the risk that our share price could decline such that future repurchases of our subordinate voting shares may be at a lower price per share than we paid in the SIB; and the risk that using our cash resources for this purpose has reduced, and may reduce, the amount of cash that would otherwise be available to pursue potential cash acquisitions or other strategic business opportunities. A U.S. government shutdown could adversely impact our results of operations. Approximately one-half of our cash equivalents at December 31, 2015 were invested in money market funds that primarily hold U.S. government securities. As a result, a U.S. government shutdown and/or U.S. government debt ceiling impasse could result in a default by the U.S. government on such securities, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, such events could result in a U.S. credit rating downgrade, significant U.S. and global economic and financial market dislocations, interest rate and foreign exchange rate impacts and other potential unforeseen consequences that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Potential unenforceability of judgments. We are incorporated under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada. A majority of our directors, officers and controlling persons are residents of (or organized in) Canada. Also, a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult to effect service of process within the United States upon those directors, officers, or controlling persons who are not residents of the United States, or to enforce judgments in the United States obtained in courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws. It may also be difficult for shareholders to enforce a U.S. judgment in Canada or to succeed in a lawsuit in Canada based only on U.S. securities laws. We cannot assure our shareholders that our NCIB will enhance shareholder value, and share repurchases could increase the volatility of our share price. We repurchase subordinate voting shares in the open market and otherwise for cancellation pursuant to, among other things, NCIBs, which allow us to repurchase a limited number of subordinate voting shares during a specified period. Under our new NCIB, we are authorized to repurchase up to an aggregate of approximately 10.5 million subordinate voting shares at times and prices we consider appropriate depending upon prevailing market conditions and other corporate considerations. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including the timing of open trading windows, price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other market conditions. The existence of the NCIB, however, could also cause our subordinate voting share price to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our subordinate voting shares. Negative publicity could adversely affect our reputation as well as our business, financial results and share price. Unfavorable media related to our industry, company, brand, marketing, personnel, operations, business performance, or prospects may affect our share price and the performance of our business, regardless of its accuracy or inaccuracy. The speed at which negative publicity can be disseminated has increased dramatically with the capabilities of electronic communication, including social media outlets, websites, blogs, or newsletters. Our success in maintaining, extending, and expanding our brand image depends on our ability to adapt to this rapidly changing media environment. Adverse publicity or negative commentary from any media outlet could damage our reputation and reduce the demand for our products, which would adversely affect our business. 27 Item 4. Information on the Company A. History and Development of the Company We were incorporated in Ontario, Canada on September 27, 1996. Our legal and commercial name is Celestica Inc. We are a corporation domiciled in the Province of Ontario, Canada and operate under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario). Our principal executive offices are located at 844 Don Mills Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3C 1V7 and our telephone number is (416) 448-5800. Our website is www.celestica.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. Prior to our incorporation, we were an IBM manufacturing unit that provided manufacturing services to IBM for more than 75 years. In 1993, we began providing electronics manufacturing services to non-IBM customers. In October 1996, we were purchased from IBM by an investor group led by Onex, and in 1998, we completed our initial public offering. Certain information concerning our acquisition activities, our principal capital expenditures (including property, plant and equipment), and financing activities, over the last three fiscal years is set forth in notes 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 21, 23 and 24 to "Operating and Financial Review and the Consolidated Financial Statements Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". Certain information concerning our divestiture activities (including our restructurings) over the last three fiscal years is set forth in notes 6 and 15 to Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Item 18, and in Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". the Consolidated Financial Statements Item 18, and Item 5, in See Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Cash Requirements" for our significant commitments for capital expenditures at December 31, 2015 and planned for 2016, as well as a description of a property sale agreement we entered into in July 2015 for the sale of our real property located in Toronto, Ontario, which includes the site of our corporate headquarters and our Toronto manufacturing operations. There were no public takeover offers by third parties in respect of the Corporation's subordinate voting shares or multiple voting shares or by the Corporation in respect of other companies' shares which occurred during the last or current financial year. B. Business Overview General We deliver innovative supply chain solutions globally to customers in the Communications (comprised of enterprise communications and telecommunications), Consumer, Diversified (comprised of aerospace and defense, industrial, healthcare, energy and semiconductor equipment), Servers and Storage end markets. We believe our services and solutions create value for our customers by accelerating their time-to-market, and by providing higher quality, lower cost, and reduced cycle times in our customers' supply chains, resulting in lower total cost of ownership, greater flexibility, higher return on invested capital and improved competitive advantage for our customers in their respective markets. Our global headquarters is located in Toronto, Canada. We operate a network of sites in various geographies with specialized end-to-end supply chain capabilities tailored to meet specific market and customer product lifecycle requirements. In an effort to drive speed, quality and flexibility for our customers, we execute our business in centers of excellence (discussed below) strategically located in North America, Europe and Asia. We strive to align our preferred suppliers in close proximity to these centers of excellence to increase the speed and flexibility of our supply chain, to deliver overall shorter product lead times, and to reduce time to market. We offer a range of services to our customers, including design and development (such as our JDM offering, which is focused on developing design solutions in collaboration with customers, as well as managing aspects of the supply chain and manufacturing), engineering services, supply chain management, new product introduction, component sourcing, electronics manufacturing, assembly and test, complex mechanical assembly, systems integration, precision machining, order fulfillment, logistics and after-market repair and return services. 28  Although we supply products and services to over 100 customers, we depend upon a small number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenue. In 2015, our top 10 customers represented, in the aggregate, 67% of revenue, and our largest customer represented 16% of total revenue. Significant reductions in, or the loss of, revenue from any of our major customers may have a material adverse effect on us. See Item 3(D) — Key Information — Risk Factors — " We are dependent on a limited number of customers and end markets. We are also dependent on our customers' ability to compete and succeed in the marketplace with the services we provide and the products we manufacture." In 2015, our revenue by end market was as follows: Communications (40% of revenue); Consumer (3% of revenue); Diversified (29% of revenue); Servers (10% of revenue); and Storage (18% of revenue). The products and services we provide serve a wide variety of applications, including servers; networking and telecommunications equipment; storage systems; optical equipment; aerospace and defense electronics; healthcare products and applications; semiconductor equipment; and a range of industrial and alternative energy products, including solar panels and inverters. In order to increase the value we deliver to our customers, we continue to make investments in people, value-added service offerings, new capabilities, capacity, technology, IT systems, software and tools. We intend to continuously work to improve our productivity, quality, delivery performance and flexibility in our efforts to be recognized as one of the leading companies in the EMS industry. Our current priorities include: (i) evolving our customer and product portfolios in order to drive consistent revenue growth with strong operating margins; (ii) improving the operational performance of our diversified end market businesses; (iii) increasing investments in the front end of our business to accelerate growth; and (iv) continuing to generate strong annual free cash flow and return on invested capital ("ROIC"). We will continue to focus on expanding our revenue base in our higher-value-added services, such as design and development, engineering, supply chain management and after-market services, and to grow our business with new and existing customers in our end markets. We will also remain focused on expanding our business beyond our traditional end markets, which continue to account for a substantial portion of our revenue. Note that operating margin, free cash flow and ROIC are non-IFRS measures without standardized meanings and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. See "Non-IFRS measures" in Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, for a discussion of the non-IFRS measures included herein, and a reconciliation of our non-IFRS measures to comparable IFRS measures (where a comparable IFRS measure exists). Electronics Manufacturing Services Industry Overview Leading EMS companies manage global networks that are capable of delivering customized supply chain solutions. They offer end-to-end services for the entire product lifecycle, including design and engineering services, manufacturing, assembly and test, systems integration, fulfillment and after-market services. OEMs, service providers and other companies use these services to enhance their competitive positions. Outsourcing manufacturing and related services can help companies to address their business challenges related to cost, asset utilization, quality, time-to-market, demand volatility, customer support, and rapidly changing technologies. We believe outsourcing by OEMs and other companies will continue across a number of industries as a means to: Reduce Operating Costs and Invested Capital. OEMs are under continuous pressure to reduce total product lifecycle costs, and property, plant and equipment expenditures. The manufacturing process for electronics products has become increasingly automated, requiring greater levels of investment in property, plant and equipment. EMS companies help enable OEMs to gain access to a global network of manufacturing sites with supply chain management expertise, advanced engineering capabilities, flexible capacity and economies of scale. By working with EMS companies, OEMs can reduce their overall product lifecycle and operating costs, working capital and property, plant and equipment investment requirements, and improve their financial performance. 29  Focus Resources on Core Competencies. Our customers operate in a highly competitive environment, characterized by rapid technological change and short product lifecycles. In this environment, many customers prioritize their resources on their core competencies of product development, sales, marketing and customer service, by outsourcing design, engineering, manufacturing, supply chain and other product support requirements to their EMS partners. Improve Time-to-Market. Electronic products generally experience short lifecycles, requiring OEMs to continually reduce the time and cost of bringing products to market. We believe that OEMs can significantly improve product development cycles and enhance time-to-market by benefiting from the expertise and infrastructure of EMS providers, including their capabilities relating to design and engineering services, prototyping and the rapid ramp-up of new products to high-volume production, all with the critical support of global supply chain management and manufacturing networks. Utilize EMS Companies' Procurement, Inventory Management and Logistics Expertise. We believe that the successful manufacturing of electronic products requires significant resources to manage the complexities in planning, procurement and inventory management, frequent design changes, short product lifecycles and product demand fluctuations. OEMs can help manage these complexities by outsourcing to those EMS providers that (i) possess sophisticated IT systems and global supply chain management capabilities and (ii) can leverage significant component procurement advantages to lower product costs. Access Leading Engineering Capabilities and Technologies. Electronic products and the electronics manufacturing technology needed to support them are complex and require significant investment. As a result, some OEMs rely on EMS companies to provide design and engineering services, supply chain management, and manufacturing and technological expertise. Through their design and engineering services, and through the knowledge gained from manufacturing and repairing products, EMS companies can assist OEMs in the development of new product concepts, or the re-design of existing products, as well as assist with improvements in the performance, cost and time required to bring products to market. In addition, OEMs can gain access to high-quality manufacturing expertise and capabilities in the areas of advanced process, interconnect and test technologies. Improve Access to Global Markets. Some of our customers provide products or services to a global customer base. EMS companies with global infrastructure and support capabilities help to provide customers with efficient global manufacturing solutions, distribution capabilities and after-market services. Access Value-Added Service Offerings. EMS providers strive to expand their offerings to include services such as design, fulfillment and after-market services, including repair and recycling, in order to enable OEMs to benefit from outsourcing more of their cost of goods sold. Celestica's Strategy We are focused on building solid partnerships and delivering informed, flexible solutions intended to enable our customers' success. To achieve this, we collaborate with our customers in an effort to identify and meet their current and future requirements. We strive to exceed our customers' expectations by offering a range of services designed to deliver lower costs, increased flexibility and predictability, improved quality and more responsive service to their customers. We constantly seek to advance our quality, engineering, manufacturing and supply chain capabilities to help our customers achieve a competitive advantage. We will continue to focus on our pursuit of the following, intended to strengthen our competitive position and enhance customer satisfaction and shareholder value: Increase Penetration in our End Markets. We strive to establish a diverse customer base across several industries. We believe our expertise in technology, quality and supply chain management, in addition to our service offerings and centers of excellence, have positioned us as an attractive partner to companies across various markets. Our goal is to grow across our end markets, with particular emphasis on expanding business in our diversified end market, which is comprised of the aerospace and defense, industrial, healthcare, energy and semiconductor equipment end markets. Revenue from our diversified end market has increased from 25% of 30 total revenue in 2013 to 29% of total revenue in 2015, representing a 12% growth in revenue dollars over the same period. Our revenue by end market as a percentage of total revenue is as follows: Communications Consumer Diversified Servers Storage 2013 2014 2015 42% 6% 25% 13% 14% 40% 5% 28% 9% 18% 40% 3% 29% 10% 18% Selectively Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. We will selectively seek acquisition opportunities in order to (i) profitably grow our revenue, (ii) further develop strategic relationships with customers in our end markets and (iii) enhance the scope of our capabilities and service offerings. Continuously Improve Operational Performance. We will continue to focus on (i) managing our mix of business, service offerings and volume of business to improve our overall margins, (ii) leveraging our supply chain practices globally to lower material costs, minimize lead times and improve our planning cycle to better meet changes in customers' demand and improve asset utilization, (iii) improving operating efficiencies to reduce costs and improve margins, including improvements in the operational and financial performance of our semiconductor and solar businesses, and (iv) generating strong annual free cash flow and ROIC. As we expand and grow our business across our end markets, in particular, the businesses within our diversified end market, our operating results have been, and will continue to be, negatively impacted by the costs of ramping new business. As with any business expansion, we may encounter difficulties pertaining to such ramping activities that may result in higher than expected costs, adversely impacting our operating results. Although revenue from our diversified end market has increased in recent years, we have encountered challenges in connection with the expansion of our semiconductor and solar businesses, resulting in lower margins and/or losses for such businesses during and/or following the ramp periods. We expect losses to continue with respect to our solar business through the first quarter of 2016. In addition, our semiconductor business may incur lower margins and/or losses largely due to demand fluctuations associated with the cyclical semiconductor market. See Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects. Develop and Grow Trusted Relationships with Leading Customers. We continue to seek to build profitable, strategic relationships with targeted industry leaders that we believe can benefit from our services and solutions. We strive to respond to our customers' needs with speed, flexibility and predictability in delivering results. We have established and maintain strong relationships with a diverse mix of leading OEMs and service providers across our end markets. We believe that our customer base is a strong potential source of growth for us as we seek to strengthen these relationships through the delivery of additional services. Expand Range of Service Offerings. We continually seek to expand the services we offer to our customers, which currently include prototyping, design and development, engineering, supply chain services, systems assembly, logistics, fulfillment and after-market services. We believe that our JDM offering differentiates Celestica from other EMS providers, by encompassing advanced technology design solutions that customers can tailor to their specific platform applications. Continue to Invest in Developing New Technology, Quality Products and Supply Chain Solutions and Services. We are committed to meeting our customers' needs in the areas of technology, quality and supply chain management. We believe our expertise in these areas enables us to meet the rigorous demands of our customers, and allows us to produce a variety of electronic products ranging from high-volume electronics to highly complex technology infrastructure products. We believe our commitment to quality allows us to deliver consistently reliable products to our customers. The systems and collaborative processes associated with our expertise in supply chain management generally help us to rapidly adjust our operations to meet the lead time requirements of our customers, flexibly shift capacity in response to product demand fluctuations and quickly and effectively deliver products directly to end customers. We collaborate with our suppliers to influence component design for 31 the benefit of our customers. As a result of the successes that we have had in these areas, we have been recognized with numerous customer and industry achievement awards. Celestica's Business Innovative Supply Chain Solutions and Services We are a global provider of innovative supply chain solutions. We offer a range of services including design and development, engineering services, supply chain management, new product introduction, component sourcing, electronics manufacturing, assembly and test, complex mechanical assembly, systems integration, precision machining, order fulfillment, logistics and after-market repair and return services. We leverage our global network of sites and centers of excellence, information technology and supply chain expertise using collaborative processes and a team of highly skilled, customer-focused employees. We believe that our ability to deliver a range of supply chain solutions to our customers provides them with a competitive lead time, and advantages in quality, flexibility and total cost of ownership. The objective of our centers of excellence program is to help ensure that our operations reflect a solid understanding of the markets we serve, have current capabilities and standardized practices, and are positioned to provide efficiency, consistency, and value to our customers around the globe. To obtain "center of excellence" status, our sites must meet our defined criteria pertaining to quality, supply chain capabilities, Lean and Six Sigma, market specific certifications (to the extent applicable), and other matters regarding their operations. Quality, Lean and Six Sigma Culture We believe one of our strengths is our ability to consistently deliver high-quality services and products. We have an extensive quality management system that focuses on continual process improvement and achieving high levels of customer satisfaction. We employ a variety of advanced statistical engineering techniques and other tools to assist in improving product and service quality. Most of our principal sites are ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified (international quality management standards), and have other required industry-specific certifications. In addition to these standards, we deploy Lean and Six Sigma initiatives (processes intended to improve product consistency, and reduce defects and waste) throughout our operations network. Implementing Lean initiatives throughout the manufacturing process helps improve efficiency, shorten cycle times and reduce waste in areas such as inventory on hand, set up times, floor space and the number of people required for production. We also use value stream mapping techniques to improve efficiencies and simplify processes in our non-production operations. Six Sigma is intended to drive continuous improvement by reducing process variation. We also apply the knowledge we gain in our after-market services to help improve the quality and reliability of next-generation products for our customers. Success in these areas can help our customers to lower their costs, positioning them more competitively in their respective markets. Design and Engineering Services Our global design teams are focused on delivering flexible solutions and expertise, intended to help customers reduce overall product costs, improve time-to-market, and introduce competitively differentiated products. For customer-owned designs, we partner with our customers to augment their design teams, and utilize our proprietary design analysis tools to minimize design revisions and to achieve improved manufacturing yields. Our JDM service involves developing design solutions in collaboration with customers, managing aspects of the supply chain and manufacturing of their products. We continue to invest in leading-edge product roadmaps and design capabilities aligned with both market standards and emerging technologies in support of our JDM offering. We are currently delivering both customized and generic "white box" solutions to customers in the storage, servers and communications markets, intended to help them reach their markets faster, while reducing product costs and building valuable IP for their product portfolios. Through our collective experience with common technologies across multiple industries and product groups, we believe we provide quality and cost-focused solutions for a wide range of our customers' design needs. We collaborate with some of our core customers' product designers in the early stages of product development, using advanced tools to enable new product ideas to progress from electrical and application- 32 specific integrated circuit design, to simulation, physical layout and design for manufacturing. Collaborative links and databases between a customer and our design and manufacturing groups help to ensure that new designs are released rapidly, smoothly and cohesively into production. Our engineering services team works as an extension of our customers' teams throughout the product life-cycle. We believe our engineering expertise and experience in design review, product test solutions, assembly technology, quality and reliability, position us well to deliver the services required to address the challenges facing our customers. We maintain ties with key industry associations and engineering firms to help us stay apprised of advances in technical knowledge. Prototyping and New Product Introduction Prototyping is a critical early-stage process in the development of new products. Our engineers collaborate with our customers' engineers to provide quick responses in the early stages of the product development lifecycle. Supply Chain Management and Services We use advanced planning, enterprise resource planning, and supply chain management systems to optimize materials management from suppliers through to our customers' customers. We believe that the effective management of the supply chain is critical to our customers' success, as it directly impacts the time and cost required to deliver products to market and the capital requirements associated with carrying inventory. We strive to reduce our customers' total cost of ownership by providing lower costs and reduced cycle times in their supply chain, and by delivering higher quality products. We also strive to align our preferred suppliers in close proximity to our centers of excellence to increase the speed and flexibility of our supply chain, to deliver overall shorter product lead times, and to reduce time-to-market. We believe we deliver a differentiated supply chain offering. Through our global supply chain management processes and integrated IT tools, we endeavor to provide our customers with enhanced visibility to balance their global demand and supply requirements, including inventory and order management. Manufacturing Services Printed Circuit Board Assembly Printed circuit board assembly includes the attachment of electronic components, such as capacitors, microprocessors, resistors and memory modules, to printed circuit boards. Our global network of engineers helps us to provide our customers with full printed circuit board ("PCB") assembly technology capabilities. These capabilities include design for manufacturing, PCB layout, packaging, assembly, lead-free soldering, test development, and data analytics for complex flexible and rigid-flex circuits and hybrid PCBs. Complex Mechanical Assembly We provide systems integration and precision machined components to our semiconductor capital equipment customers. Complex mechanical systems integration consists of multiple interconnected subsystems that interact with various materials, e.g., fluids, solids, particles and rigid bodies. Such systems are often used in advanced manufacturing applications such as semiconductor manufacturing and processes equipment, medical applications using robotics, and other applications such as cash handling machines where precise standards are required. Precision Machining We utilize specialized computer-controlled machines to manufacture high quality components to tight tolerance requirements. Such components are often used in similar applications as noted above for complex mechanical assembly. 33 Renewable Energy Services We provide services to our customers in the renewable energy market, including power generation, power conversion and power electronics. We design, manufacture and test solar panels for the residential, commercial and utility scale markets. We provide design services, manufacturing and test for power inverters, metering and controls electronics, photovoltaic, and energy storage subsystems. We also provide high reliability testing, analysis and solar product certification services for our customers in the renewable energy market. Systems Assembly and Test We use sophisticated technologies in the assembly and testing of our products. We continue to make investments in the development of new assembly and test process techniques intended to enhance product quality, reduce cost and improve delivery time to customers. We work independently and also collaborate with customers and suppliers to develop assembly and test technologies. Systems assembly and testing require sophisticated logistics capabilities to rapidly procure components, assemble products, perform complex testing and distribute products to customers around the world. Our full systems assembly services involve combining and testing a wide range of subassemblies and components before shipping to their final destination. Increasingly, customers require custom build-to-order system solutions with very short lead times and we are focused on using our advanced supply chain management capabilities to respond to our customers' needs. Quality and Product Assurance We provide complete product reliability testing, inspection and qualification capabilities to support our customers' full product lifecycle requirements. Our quality and product assurance teams perform product testing to ensure that designs meet or exceed required specifications. We are capable of testing to various industry standards, and we work closely with our customers to execute unique test protocols. We believe that this service allows our customers to assess certification risks early in the product development lifecycle, reducing cost and time-to-market. Failure Analysis and After-Market Services Our extensive failure analysis capabilities concentrate on identifying the root cause of product failures and determining corrective actions. The root causes of failures typically relate to inherent component defects and/or deficiencies in design specifications. Products are subjected to various environmental extremes, including temperature, humidity, vibration, voltage and contamination. Field conditions are simulated in failure analysis laboratories which employ electron microscopes, spectrometers and other advanced equipment. Our engineers work proactively in partnership with suppliers and customers in an effort to discover product failures before products are shipped, and to develop and implement resolutions if required. We also seek to provide value to our customers through our after-market services offerings which include repair, fulfillment, reverse logistics, reclamation and returns processing and prevention. Our fulfillment offering includes the design and management of integrated supply chain and materials management for light manufacturing and final assembly and reclamation. Our reverse logistics offering includes the design and management of transportation networks, warehousing and distribution of products, asset recovery services, and transportation and supply chain event monitoring. The returns processing and prevention offering provides our customers with product screening and testing and product design and process analysis. We offer these services individually or integrated through a 'Control Tower' model which coordinates our people, systems and processes with those of our customers to improve service levels by providing an increased level of visibility and analytics throughout the entire after-market value chain. Geographies For 2015, approximately three-quarters (2014 — three-quarters; 2013 — two-thirds) of our revenue was produced in Asia and one-fifth (2014 — less than one-fifth; 2013 — one-fifth) of our revenue was produced in North America. Revenue produced in Canada represented 9% of revenue in 2015 (each of 2014 and 2013 — 7%). Our property, plant and equipment in Canada represented 8% of our property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 — 10%; December 31, 2013 — 11%). A listing of our principal 34 locations is included in Item 4(D), "Information on the Company — Property, Plants and Equipment". Certain geographic information for countries exceeding 10% of our external revenue or property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill is set forth in note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. All other countries individually represented less than 10% in each such category. Marketing, Sales and Solutions We structure our business development teams by end market, region and location, with a focus on offering complete manufacturing and supply chain solutions to our customers. We have customer-focused teams, each headed by a group general manager who oversees the global relationship with our key customers. These teams work with our solutions architects to develop specific solutions to meet the requirements of each customer's product or supply chain. Our global network is comprised of customer-focused teams, including account sales teams, operational and project managers, regional executives, and supply chain management teams, as well as senior executives. Customer Experience and Relationship Management As stated above, we supply products and services to over 100 customers. We target industry-leading customers in our end markets. Our customers include Applied Materials, Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., EMC Corporation, Hewlett-Packard Company, HGST, Inc., Honeywell Inc., IBM Corporation, Juniper Networks, Inc., NEC Corporation, and Oracle Corporation. We are focused on strengthening our relationships with these and other strategic customers through the delivery of new and expanding end-to-end solutions. During 2015, three customers (Cisco Systems, Inc., IBM Corporation, and Juniper Networks, Inc.) individually represented more than 10% of total revenue (2014 — three customers; 2013 — two customers). Our top 10 customers represented 67%, 65%, and 65% of total revenue for 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. We generally enter into master supply agreements with our customers that provide the framework for our overall relationship, although the level of business under those agreements is not guaranteed. Instead, we bid on a program-by-program basis and typically receive customer purchase orders for specific quantities and timing of products. A majority of these agreements also require the customer to purchase unused inventory that we have purchased to fulfill that customer's forecasted manufacturing demand. Research and Technology Development We use advanced technology to design, assemble and test the products we manufacture. We continue to increase investment in our global design services and capabilities to conceive differentiated JDM product solutions for our customers. We believe that our customer-focused factories are highly flexible and can be reconfigured as needed to meet customer-specific product requirements and fluctuations in volumes. We have extensive capabilities across a broad range of specialized assembly, configuration and test processes. We work with a variety of substrates based on the products we build for our customers, from thin, flexible printed circuit boards to highly complex, dense multi-layer printed circuit boards, as well as a broad array of advanced component and attachment technologies employed in our customers' products and our own product designs. We believe that increasing demand for full-system assembly solutions continues to drive technical advancement in complex mechanical assembly and configuration. We also develop and manufacture sub-components, such as optical modules and complex machined parts, intended to drive targeted technical advancements to support these opportunities. Our automated electronics assembly lines are continuously refreshed with the latest generation technology, with a focus on flexible lines with quick changeover, large board capability, and small component capability. Our assembly capabilities are complemented by advanced test capabilities. The technologies we use include high-speed functional testing, optical, burn-in, vibration, radio frequency, and in-circuit and in-situ dynamic thermal cycling stress testing. Our inspection technology includes X-ray laminography, advanced automated optical inspection, three-dimensional paste volumetric inspection and scanning electron microscopy. We work directly with leaders in the equipment industry to optimize their products and solutions or to jointly design 35 solutions to better meet our needs and the needs of our customers. We apply automation solutions for higher volume products, where possible, to help lower product costs. Our ongoing research and development activities include the development of processes and test technologies, as well as some focused product development and technology building blocks that can be used by customers in the development of their products, or to accelerate their products' time-to-market. Our JDM offering is focused on developing these design solutions and subsequently managing the other aspects of the supply chain, including manufacturing of the products. We focus our solutions on developing current and next generation storage, server and communications products (in particular, elements of data centers, which include the development of generic "white box" solutions to reduce product costs and accelerate time to market, and which we believe will grow in the future). We work directly with our customers to understand their product roadmaps and to develop technology solutions intended to optimally meet their needs. We are proactive in developing manufacturing techniques that take advantage of the latest component, product and packaging designs. We have worked with, and have taken a leadership role in, industry and academic groups that strive to advance the state of technology in the industry. As we continue to pursue deeper relationships with our customers, and participate in additional services and revenue opportunities with them, we anticipate an increase in our spending in these development areas. Supply Chain Management We share data electronically with our key suppliers, and help ensure speed of supply through strong relationships with our component suppliers and logistics partners. We view the size and scale of our procurement activities, including our IT systems, as an important competitive advantage, as they enhance our ability to obtain better pricing, influence component packaging and designs, and obtain a supply of components in constrained markets. We procure substantially all of our materials and components on behalf of our customers pursuant to individual purchase orders that are generally short-term in nature. Components and raw materials are sourced globally, with a majority of electronic components originating from Asian countries. In general, prices for our raw materials have been relatively stable, and we believe that such prices will remain relatively stable in the near term. See Item 3(D) — "Key Information — Risk Factors" for a discussion of various risks related to our foreign operations. All of the products we manufacture or assemble require one or more components. In many cases, there may be only one supplier of a particular component. Some of these components could be rationed in response to supply shortages. We work with our suppliers and customers to attempt to ensure continuity in the supply of these components. In cases where unanticipated customer demand or supply shortages occur, we attempt to arrange for alternative sources of supply, where available, or defer planned production in response to the availability of the critical components. See Item 3(D) Key Information — Risk Factors, "We are dependent on third parties to supply equipment and materials, and our results can be negatively affected by the availability and cost of components". We strive to align our preferred suppliers in close proximity to our centers of excellence to increase the speed and flexibility of our supply chain and to deliver overall shorter product lead times. We utilize our enterprise systems, as well as specific supply chain IT tools, to provide comprehensive information on our logistics, financial and engineering support functions. These systems provide management with the data and analytics required to manage the logistical complexities of the business and are augmented by and integrated with other applications, such as shop floor controls, component and product database management, and design tools. To minimize the risk associated with inventory, we primarily order materials and components only to the extent necessary to satisfy existing customer orders and forecasts covered by the applicable customer contract terms and conditions. We have implemented specific inventory management strategies with certain suppliers, such as "supplier managed inventory" (pulling inventory at the production line on an as-needed basis) and on-site stocking programs. Our initiatives in Lean and Six Sigma also focus on eliminating excess inventory throughout the supply chain. 36 Intellectual Property We hold licenses to various technologies which we have acquired in connection with acquisitions. In addition, we believe that we have secured access to all required technology that is material to the current conduct of our business. We regard our manufacturing processes and certain designs as proprietary trade secrets and confidential information. We rely largely upon a combination of trade secret laws, non-disclosure agreements with our customers, suppliers, employees and other parties, and upon our internal security systems, confidentiality procedures and employee confidentiality agreements to maintain the trade secrecy of our designs and manufacturing processes. Although we take steps to protect our trade secrets, there can be no assurance that misappropriation will not occur. See Item 3(D) Key Information — Risk Factors, "We may not adequately protect our intellectual property or the intellectual property of others". We currently have a limited number of patents and patent applications pending to protect our intellectual property. However, we believe that the rapid pace of technological change makes patent protection less significant than such factors as the knowledge and experience of management and personnel, and our ability to develop, enhance and market electronics manufacturing services. Each of our customers typically provides us with a license to its technology for use in providing electronics manufacturing services to such customer. Generally, the agreements governing such technology grant to us non-exclusive, worldwide licenses with respect to the subject technologies, are typically provided without charge, and terminate upon a material breach by us of the terms of such agreements, or termination of the program to which such licenses relate. We also license some technology from third parties that we use in providing electronics manufacturing services to our customers. We believe that such licenses are generally available on commercial terms from a number of licensors. Generally, the agreements governing such technology grant to us non-exclusive, worldwide licenses with respect to the subject technologies and terminate upon a material breach by us of the terms of such agreements. Competition The EMS industry is highly competitive with multiple global EMS providers competing for the same customers and programs. Our competitors include Benchmark Electronics, Inc., Flextronics International Ltd., Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., Jabil Circuit, Inc., Plexus Corp., and Sanmina Corporation, as well as smaller EMS companies that often have a regional, product, service or industry-specific focus, and ODMs that provide internally designed products and manufacturing services. We also face indirect competition from current and prospective customers who evaluate our capabilities and commercial models against the merits of manufacturing products internally. We compete with different companies depending on the type of service or geographic area. Some of our competitors have greater scale and a broader range of services than we offer. We believe our competitive advantage is our track record in manufacturing technology, quality, complexity, responsiveness and cost-effective, value-added services. To remain competitive, we believe we must continue to provide technologically advanced manufacturing services and solutions, maintain quality levels, offer flexible delivery schedules, deliver finished products and services on time and compete favorably on price. To enhance our competitiveness, we continue to focus on expanding our service offerings and capabilities beyond our traditional areas of EMS expertise. See Item 3(D) Key Information — Risk Factors — "We operate in an industry comprised of numerous competitors and aggressive pricing dynamics". Environmental Matters We are subject to various federal/national, state/provincial, local, foreign and supra-national laws and regulations, including environmental measures relating to the release, use, storage, treatment, transportation, discharge, disposal and remediation of contaminants, hazardous substances and waste, and health and safety measures related to practices and procedures applicable to the construction and operation of our sites. We have management systems in place designed to maintain compliance with such laws and regulations. 37  Our past operations and the historical operation by others of our sites may have resulted in soil and groundwater contamination on our sites. From time-to-time we investigate, remediate and monitor soil and groundwater contamination at certain operating sites. Generally, Phase I or similar environmental assessments (which involve general inspections without soil sampling or groundwater analysis) were obtained for most of our manufacturing sites at the time of acquisition or leasing. Where contamination is suspected at sites being acquired, Phase II intrusive environmental assessments (that can include soil and/or groundwater testing) are usually performed. We expect to conduct Phase I or similar environmental assessments in respect of future property acquisitions and intend to perform Phase II assessments where appropriate. Past environmental assessments have not revealed any environmental liability that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our operating results or financial condition, in part because of contractual retention of liability by landlords and former owners at certain sites. See, however, Item 3(D) Key Information — Risk Factors, "Compliance with governmental laws and obligations could be costly and may negatively impact our financial performance". Environmental legislation also occurs at the product level. Since 2004, we have offered a suite of services that helps our customers comply with environmental legislation, such as the European Union's Restriction of Hazardous Substances ("RoHS") and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment directive laws and China's RoHS legislation. Backlog Although we obtain purchase orders from our customers, they typically do not commit to delivery of products more than 30 days to 90 days in advance. We do not believe that the backlog of expected product sales covered by purchase orders is a meaningful measure of future sales, since generally orders may be rescheduled or cancelled. Seasonality Seasonality is reflected in the mix of products we manufacture from quarter-to-quarter. From time to time we experience some level of seasonality in our quarterly revenue patterns across certain of the end markets we serve. The pace of technological change, the frequency of customers transferring business among EMS competitors and the constantly changing dynamics of the global economy will also continue to impact us. As a result of these factors, the impact of new program wins or program losses, overall demand variability, and limited visibility in technology end markets, it is difficult to isolate the impact of seasonality on our business. However, historically, revenue from our storage end market has increased in the fourth quarter of the year compared to the third quarter, and then decreased in the first quarter of the following year, reflecting the increase in customer demand we typically experience in this end market in the fourth quarter. In addition, we typically experience our lowest overall revenue levels during the first quarter of each year. There is no assurance that these patterns will continue. Controlling Shareholder Interest Onex is our controlling shareholder with an approximate 79% voting interest in Celestica. Accordingly, Onex has the ability to exercise a significant influence over our business and affairs and generally has the power to determine all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders where the subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares vote together as a single class. Such matters include electing our board of directors and thereby influencing significant corporate transactions, including mergers, acquisitions, divestitures and financing arrangements. Gerald W. Schwartz, the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Onex, is also one of our directors, and holds, indirectly or directly, shares representing the majority of the voting rights of the shares of Onex. For further details, refer to footnote 2 in Item 7(A) "Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Major Shareholders". Government Regulation Information regarding material effects of government regulations on Celestica's business is provided in the risk factors entitled "We are subject to the risk of increasing income taxes, tax audits and the challenges of successfully defending our tax positions and obtaining, renewing or meeting the conditions of tax incentives and 38 credits, any of which may adversely affect our financial performance", "Compliance with governmental laws and obligations could be costly and may negatively impact our financial performance ", " Compliance or the failure to comply with employment laws and regulations may negatively impact our financial performance ", and " A U.S. government shutdown could adversely impact our results of operations" in Item 3(D) "Key Information — Risk Factors". Sustainability Our belief in strong corporate citizenship is manifested in policies and principles focused across five key areas: energy and water, materials stewardship, sustainable solutions, our employees, and community giving. Our guiding policies and principles include: Our Values, developed with input from our employees to reflect the characteristics and behaviors that are core to Celestica; Our Business Conduct Governance Policy, which outlines the ethics and practices we consider necessary for a positive working environment and the high legal and ethical standards to which our employees are held accountable; and The Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition ("EICC"), of which we were a founding (and remain a) member. The EICC's Code of Conduct outlines industry standards intended to ensure that working conditions in the supply chain are safe, workers are treated with respect and dignity, and manufacturing processes are environmentally responsible. We are continually working to implement, manage and audit our compliance with this Code. We publish a Sustainability Report and a Business Conduct Governance Policy, both of which are available (along with our Values) on our corporate website at www.celestica.com. These documents outline our sustainability strategy, our high standards for business ethics, the policies we value and uphold, the progress we have made as a socially responsible organization and the key milestones we are working to achieve in 2016 and beyond. Financial Information Regarding Geographic Areas Details of our financial information regarding geographic areas are disclosed in note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18, Item 4(B) "Information on the Company — Business Overview — Geographies", and Item 4(D) "Information on the Company — Property, Plants and Equipment". Risks associated with the foreign operations are disclosed in Item 3(D) "Key Information — Risk Factors". C. Organizational Structure Onex, a Canadian corporation, is the Corporation's controlling shareholder with an approximate 79% voting interest in Celestica (via its direct and indirect beneficial ownership of approximately 18.9 million (or 100%) of the Corporation's multiple voting shares, and approximately 0.4 million of the Corporation's subordinate voting shares). Gerald W. Schwartz, a director of Celestica, is the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Onex, and owns, directly or indirectly, multiple voting shares of Onex carrying the right to elect a majority of the Onex Board of Directors (see footnotes 2 and 3 to the Major Shareholders Table in Item 7A below). Celestica conducts its business through subsidiaries operating on a worldwide basis. The following companies are considered significant subsidiaries of Celestica, and each of them is wholly-owned, directly or indirectly, by Celestica: Celestica Cayman Holdings 1 Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation; Celestica Cayman Holdings 9 Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation; Celestica (Dongguan-SSL) Technology Limited, a China corporation; Celestica Electronics (S) Pte Ltd, a Singapore corporation; Celestica Holdings Pte Limited, a Singapore corporation; 39 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127)  Celestica Hong Kong Limited, a Hong Kong corporation; Celestica LLC, a Delaware, U.S. limited liability company; Celestica (Suzhou) Technology Co. Ltd, a China corporation; Celestica (Thailand) Limited, a Thailand corporation; Celestica (USA) Inc., a Delaware, U.S. corporation; Celestica (US Holdings) LLC, a Delaware, U.S. limited liability company; and 2480333 Ontario Inc., an Ontario, Canada corporation. D. Property, Plants and Equipment The following table summarizes our principal owned and leased properties as of February 10, 2016. These sites are used to provide manufacturing services and solutions, such as the manufacture of printed circuit boards, assembly and configuration of final systems, complex mechanical assembly, precision machining as well as other related services and customer support activities, including design and development, warehousing, distribution, fulfillment and after-market services. Major locations Canada(2)(3)(5) California(3) Oregon Mexico(3) Ireland(3) Spain Romania China(3)(4) Malaysia(3)(4) Thailand(3)(4) Singapore(3) Japan(3) Laos Square Footage(1) (in thousands) 1,006 488 188 241 214 109 200 896 1,350 1,070 217 477 114 Owned/Leased Owned/Leased Leased Leased Leased Leased Owned Owned Owned/Leased Owned/Leased Owned/Leased Leased Owned/Leased Leased Lease Expiration Dates 2020 between 2018 and 2019 2021 between 2016 and 2018 between 2016 and 2022 N/A N/A between 2016 and 2056 between 2016 and 2060 between 2016 and 2029 between 2016 and 2020 2020 2018 (1) Represents estimated square footage being used. (2) Our owned property in Canada is included in the assets pledged as security for borrowings under our credit agreement. (3) Represents multiple locations. (4) With respect to these locations, the land is leased, and the buildings are either owned or leased by us. (5) In July 2015, we entered into the Property Sale Agreement (as defined herein) to sell our real property located in Toronto, Ontario, which includes the site of our corporate headquarters and our Toronto manufacturing operations. The closing is subject to various conditions and is currently anticipated to occur within 2 years of the execution date of the Property Sale Agreement. We have agreed upon closing to enter into an interim lease for our existing corporate headquarters and manufacturing operations for a two-year period, followed by a longer-term lease for our new corporate headquarters based on commercially reasonable arm's-length terms. Should the transaction close, we expect to find a replacement site for our Toronto manufacturing operations. In such case, in addition to new lease costs, we expect to incur significant transition costs to transfer the manufacturing operations to an alternate location and to prepare and customize the new site to meet our manufacturing needs. Should the transaction close, we also expect to incur costs to transition to our new corporate headquarters. We are at this time unable to quantify such costs, or the timing of these transitions. We consider each of the properties in the table above to be adequate for its purpose and suitably utilized according to the individual nature and requirements of the relevant operations. Our principal executive office is located at 844 Don Mills Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3C 1V7. Most of our principal sites are certified to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards, as well as to other industry-specific certifications. 40  We currently expect to be able to extend the terms of expiring leases or to find replacement sites on commercially acceptable terms. Also see "Environmental Matters" in Item 4(B) above. Our material tangible fixed assets are described in note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments None. 41 Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects CELESTICA INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements, which we prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars. The information in this discussion is provided as of February 10, 2016 unless we indicate otherwise. Certain statements contained in this MD&A constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (U.S. Exchange Act), and contain forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. Such forward-looking information includes, without limitation, statements related to: our future growth; trends in the electronics manufacturing services (EMS) industry; our anticipated financial or operational results; the impact of acquisitions and program wins or losses on our financial results and working capital requirements; anticipated expenses, restructuring actions and charges, capital expenditures and/or benefits; our expected tax and litigation outcomes; our cash flows, financial targets and priorities; changes in our mix of revenue by end market; our ability to diversify and grow our customer base and develop new capabilities; the effect of the global economic environment on customer demand; the possibility of future impairment of property, plant and equipment, goodwill or intangible assets; the expected timing of ramping our solar programs in Asia, and the timing and extent of the expected recovery of cash advances made to a particular solar cell supplier; the impact of the Term Loan (as defined herein) on our liquidity, future operations and financial condition; the timing and terms of the sale of our real property in Toronto and related transactions, including the expected lease of our corporate head office (collectively, the "Toronto Real Property Transactions"); if the Toronto Real Property Transactions are completed, our ability to secure on commercially acceptable terms an alternate site for our existing Toronto manufacturing operations and the transition costs for such expected relocation; and the number of subordinate voting shares and price thereof we may repurchase under our recently-announced normal course issuer bid (NCIB). Such forward-looking statements may, without limitation, be preceded by, followed by, or include words such as "believes", "expects", "anticipates", "estimates", "intends", "plans", "continues", "project", "potential", "possible", "contemplate", "seek", or similar expressions, or may employ such future or conditional verbs as "may", "might", "will", "could", "should" or "would", or may otherwise be indicated as forward-looking statements by grammatical construction, phrasing or context. For those statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws. Forward-looking statements are provided for the purpose of assisting readers in understanding management's current expectations and plans relating to the future. Readers are cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from conclusions, forecasts or projections expressed in such statements, including, among others, risks related to: our customers' ability to compete and succeed in the marketplace with the services we provide and the products we manufacture; price and other competitive factors generally affecting the EMS industry; managing our operations and our working capital performance during uncertain market and economic conditions; responding to changes in demand, rapidly evolving and changing technologies, and changes in our customers' business and outsourcing strategies, including the insourcing of programs; customer concentration and the challenges of diversifying our customer base and replacing revenue from completed or lost programs, or customer disengagements; changing commodity, material and component costs, as well as labor costs and conditions; disruptions to our operations, or those of our customers, component suppliers or logistics partners, including as a result of global or local events outside our control; retaining or expanding our business due to execution issues relating to the ramping of new or existing programs or new offerings; the incurrence of future impairment charges; recruiting or retaining skilled personnel and transitions associated with our new CEO; current or future litigation and/or governmental actions; successfully resolving commercial and operational challenges, and improving financial results in our semiconductor and solar businesses; delays in the delivery and availability of components, 42 services and materials, including from new suppliers which we are dependent upon for certain components; non-performance by counterparties; our financial exposure to foreign currency volatility; our dependence on industries affected by rapid technological change; the variability of revenue and operating results; managing our global operations and supply chain; increasing income taxes, tax audits, and challenges of defending our tax positions, and obtaining, renewing or meeting the conditions of tax incentives and credits; completing restructuring actions, including achieving the anticipated benefits therefrom, and integrating any acquisitions; defects or deficiencies in our products, services or designs; computer viruses, malware, hacking attempts or outages that may disrupt our operations; any failure to adequately protect our intellectual property or the intellectual property of others; compliance with applicable laws, regulations and social responsibility initiatives; our having sufficient financial resources and working capital following consummation of the Term Loan to fund currently anticipated financial obligations and to pursue desirable business opportunities; the potential that conditions to closing the Toronto Real Property Transactions may not be satisfied on a timely basis or at all; and if the Toronto Real Property Transactions are completed, our ability to secure on commercially acceptable terms an alternate site for our existing Toronto manufacturing operations, and the costs, timing and/or execution of such relocation proving to be other than anticipated. The foregoing and other material risks and uncertainties are discussed in our public filings at www.sedar.com and www.sec.gov, including in this MD&A, our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with, and subsequent reports on Form 6-K furnished to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and our Annual Information Form filed with the Canadian Securities Administrators. Our forward-looking statements are based on various assumptions, many of which involve factors that are beyond our control. The material assumptions include those related to the following: production schedules from our customers, which generally range from 30 days to 90 days and can fluctuate significantly in terms of volume and mix of products or services; the timing and execution of, and investments associated with, ramping new business; the success in the marketplace of our customers' products; the stability of general economic and market conditions, currency exchange rates, and interest rates; our pricing, the competitive environment and contract terms and conditions; supplier performance, pricing and terms; compliance by third parties with their contractual obligations, the accuracy of their representations and warranties, and the performance of their covenants; the costs and availability of components, materials, services, plant and capital equipment, labor, energy and transportation; operational and financial matters including the extent, timing and costs of replacing revenue from completed or lost programs, or customer disengagements; technological developments; overall demand improvement in the semiconductor industry; revenue growth and improved financial results in our semiconductor and solar businesses; the timing, execution, and effect of restructuring actions; our having sufficient financial resources and working capital following consummation of the Term Loan to fund currently anticipated financial obligations and to pursue desirable business opportunities; and our ability to diversify our customer base and develop new capabilities. While management believes these assumptions to be reasonable under the current circumstances, they may prove to be inaccurate. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements. Overview What Celestica does: We deliver innovative supply chain solutions globally to customers in the Communications (comprised of enterprise communications and telecommunications), Consumer, Diversified (comprised of aerospace and defense, industrial, healthcare, energy, and semiconductor equipment), Servers, and Storage end markets. We believe our services and solutions create value for our customers by accelerating their time-to-market, and by providing higher quality, lower cost and reduced cycle times in our customers' supply chains, resulting in lower total cost of ownership, greater flexibility, higher return on invested capital and improved competitive advantage for our customers in their respective markets. Our global headquarters is located in Toronto, Canada. We operate a network of sites in various geographies with specialized end-to-end supply chain capabilities tailored to meet specific market and customer product lifecycle requirements. In an effort to drive speed, quality and flexibility for our customers, we execute our business in centers of excellence strategically located in North America, Europe and Asia. We strive to align 43 our preferred suppliers in close proximity to these centers of excellence to increase the speed and flexibility of our supply chain, deliver higher quality products, and reduce time to market. We offer a range of services to our customers, including design and development (such as our Joint Design and Manufacturing (JDM) offering, which is focused on developing design solutions in collaboration with customers, as well as managing aspects of the supply chain and manufacturing), engineering services, supply chain management, new product introduction, component sourcing, electronics manufacturing, assembly and test, complex mechanical assembly, systems integration, precision machining, order fulfillment, logistics and after-market repair and return services. Although we supply products and services to over 100 customers, we depend upon a small number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenue. In the aggregate, our top 10 customers represented 67% of revenue for 2015 (2014 — 65%). The products and services we provide serve a wide variety of applications, including: servers; networking and telecommunications equipment; storage systems; optical equipment; aerospace and defense electronics; healthcare products and applications; semiconductor equipment; and a range of industrial and alternative energy products, including solar panels and inverters. In order to increase the value we deliver to our customers, we continue to make investments in people, value-added service offerings, new capabilities, capacity, technology, IT systems, software and tools. We continuously work to improve our productivity, quality, delivery performance and flexibility in our efforts to be recognized as one of the leading companies in the EMS industry. Our current priorities include (i) evolving our customer and product portfolios in order to drive consistent revenue growth with strong operating margins, (ii) improving the operational performance of our diversified end market businesses, (iii) increasing investments in the front end of our business to accelerate growth, and (iv) continuing to generate strong annual free cash flow and return on invested capital ("ROIC"). We believe that continued investments in these areas support our long-term growth strategy, and will strengthen our competitive position, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase long-term shareholder value. We will continue to focus on expanding our revenue base in higher-value-added services, such as design and development, engineering, supply chain management and after-market services, and to grow our business with new and existing customers in our end markets. We will continue to focus on expanding our business beyond our traditional end markets, which today account for a substantial portion of our revenue. Operating margin, ROIC and free cash flow are non-IFRS measures without standardized meanings and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. See "Non-IFRS measures" below for a discussion of the non-IFRS measures included herein, and a reconciliation of our non-IFRS measures to comparable IFRS measures (where a comparable IFRS measure exists). Our financial results vary from period to period, and are impacted by factors such as changing demand for our customers' products in various end markets, our revenue and customer mix, changes in our customers' supply chain strategies, the size and timing of customer program wins by end market, the costs, terms, timing and execution of ramping new business, program completions, losses or customer disengagements, the margins achieved and capital deployed for the services we provide to customers, and other factors discussed below. Overview of business environment: The EMS industry is highly competitive, with multiple global EMS providers competing for customers and programs. Although the industry is characterized by a large revenue base and new business opportunities, demand can be volatile from period to period, and aggressive pricing is a common business dynamic. Capacity utilization, customer mix and the types of products and services we provide are important factors affecting our financial performance. The number and location of qualified personnel, manufacturing capacity, and the mix of business through that capacity are vital considerations for EMS providers. The EMS industry is also working capital intensive. As a result, we believe that ROIC (discussed in "Non-IFRS measures" below), which is primarily based on non-IFRS operating earnings and investments in working capital and equipment, is an important metric for measuring an EMS provider's financial performance. 44  EMS companies provide a range of services to a variety of customers and end markets. Demand patterns are volatile, making customer revenue and mix, and revenue by end market difficult to forecast. Product lifecycles in the markets we serve, production lead times required by our customers, rapid shifts in technology, model obsolescence, commoditization of certain products, the emergence of new business models, shifting patterns of demand, such as the shift from traditional network infrastructures to highly virtualized and cloud-based environments as well as the proliferation of software-defined networks and software-defined storage, increased competition and pricing pressure, and the volatility of the economy, are all contributing factors. The global economy and financial markets may negatively impact end market demand and the operations of EMS providers, including Celestica. Uncertainty in the global economy may impact current and future demand for our customers' products and services. We continue to monitor the dynamics and impacts of the global economic environment and work to manage our priorities, costs and resources to anticipate and prepare for any required changes. External factors that could impact the EMS industry and our business include natural disasters and related disruptions, political instability, terrorism, armed conflict, labor or social unrest, criminal activity, disease or illness that affects local, national or international economies, unusually adverse weather conditions, and other risks present in the jurisdictions in which we, our customers, our suppliers, and/or our logistics partners operate. These types of events could disrupt operations at one or more of our sites or those of our customers, component suppliers and/or our logistics partners. These events could lead to higher costs or supply shortages or may disrupt the delivery of components to us, or our ability to provide finished products or services to our customers, any of which could adversely affect our operating results. We carry insurance to cover damage to our sites and interruptions to our operations, including those that may occur as a result of natural disasters, such as flooding and earthquakes, or other events. Our insurance policies, however, are subject to deductibles, coverage limitations and exclusions, and may not provide adequate coverage should such events occur. Our business is also affected by customers who may shift production between EMS providers for a number of reasons, including pricing concessions, more favorable terms and conditions, their preference or need to consolidate their supply chain capacity or the number of supply chain partners, or consolidation among customers. Customers may also choose to accelerate the amount of business they outsource, insource previously outsourced business, or change the concentration or location of their EMS suppliers to better manage their supply continuity risk. These customer decisions may impact, among other items, our revenue and margins, the need for future restructuring, the level of capital expenditures and our cash flows. Demand is volatile across our end markets. Our revenue and margins are impacted by overall end market demand, the timing, extent and pricing of new or follow-on business, including the costs, terms, timing and execution of ramping new business, and program completions, losses, or customer disengagements. Despite a continued challenging demand environment, we remain committed to making the investments we believe are required to support our long-term objectives and create shareholder value. These efforts include expanding our solar and aerospace and defense businesses, as well as our JDM offering. The costs of these investments and ramping activities may be significant and could negatively impact our margins in the short and medium term. Simultaneously, we intend to continue to manage our costs and resources to maximize our efficiency and productivity. As we expand our business and open new sites, we may encounter difficulties that result in higher than expected costs associated with such activities. Potential difficulties related to such activities include our ability: to manage growth effectively; to maintain existing business relationships during periods of transition; to anticipate disruptions in our operations that may impact our ability to deliver to customers on time, produce quality products and ensure overall customer satisfaction; and to respond rapidly to changes in customer demand or volumes. We may also encounter difficulties in ramping and executing new programs. We may require significant investments to support these new programs, including increased working capital requirements, and may generate lower margins or losses during and/or following the ramp period. There can be no assurance that our increased investments will benefit us or result in business growth. As we pursue opportunities in new markets or technologies, we may encounter challenges due to our limited knowledge or experience. In addition, the success of new business models or programs depends on a number of factors including: understanding the new business or markets; timely and successful product development; market acceptance; the effective management of purchase commitments and inventory levels in line with anticipated demand; the development or acquisition of 45 appropriate intellectual property and capital investments, to the extent required; the availability of materials in adequate quantities and at appropriate costs to meet anticipated demand; and the risk that new offerings may have quality or other defects in the early stages of introduction. Any of these factors could prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of growth in new markets or technologies, which could materially adversely affect our business and operating results. Recent developments: Semiconductor business We acquired the semiconductor equipment contract manufacturing operations of Brooks Automation, Inc. (Brooks) in 2011 and D&H Manufacturing Company (D&H) in 2012 in order to expand our diversified end market offerings to include semiconductor capital equipment. Revenue from our semiconductor business for 2015 represented 6% (2014 — 5%) of our total revenue. The semiconductor market has historically been cyclical and impacted by, among other things, significant and often rapid changes in product demand, changes in customer requirements for new manufacturing capacity and technology transitions, significant expenditures for capital equipment and product development, and general economic conditions. Our semiconductor business has been negatively impacted by volatility in customer demand, the cost of our investments, operational inefficiencies, commercial challenges associated with a particular customer, and the costs, terms, timing and challenges of ramping new sites and programs. The negative impact of these factors resulted in the reduction of our long-term cash-flow projections used for our 2014 impairment assessment of our semiconductor business, and in the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $40.8 million against the goodwill of this business. In 2015, however, revenue from our semiconductor business grew 21% compared to 2014, primarily as a result of improved customer demand (including from the customer noted above). In addition, we implemented restructuring actions in this business during 2015 to reduce its cost structure and improve its margin performance, including consolidating two of our semiconductor sites into a single location (see "Operating Results — Other charges" below). As a result of these factors, we achieved improved operating results for this business in 2015 compared to 2014, which positively impacted our long-term cash flow projections for this business. As a result, after performing our 2015 annual impairment assessment, we determined that no impairment to the assets of this business was required at the end of 2015. Although we continue to make progress in addressing the inefficiencies and challenges which have affected our semiconductor business, these negative factors, combined with demand volatility in this market, may continue to adversely impact the revenue and profitability of this business, as well as our financial position and cash flows. Any failure to realize future revenues at an appropriate profit margin or failure to further improve the financial results of this business could result in additional impairment losses for our semiconductor business in future periods. Other diversified end market developments In order to support recent new program wins in our solar business and anticipated growth in global demand for solar energy, we are expanding our solar operations into Asia. Revenue from our solar business represented less than 5% of our total revenue for both 2015 and 2014. We made investments, which commenced in the second quarter of 2015, to establish competitive solar energy manufacturing capabilities in Asia. These investments included plant and capital equipment (including new leased equipment), as well as cash advances to an Asia-based solar cell supplier (Solar Supplier) to help secure our solar cell supply. The advances were used by the Solar Supplier to help finance the expansion of its manufacturing operations into Malaysia. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity — Cash requirements" below. Our solar business is dependent on the Solar Supplier to provide the majority of the solar cells required to support our global solar operations. During 2015, we also transitioned a portion of our solar operations from North America to Asia in support of our global solar expansion. The expansion of our solar business has been slower than anticipated, and we incurred higher than expected costs in this business in 2015, primarily due to ramping delays and operational inefficiencies at our new solar site in Asia, as well as challenges experienced by some of our suppliers (including the Solar Supplier) in meeting our ramp requirements. These negative factors impacted our output in 2015, adversely affecting the operating results of our solar business for the year. We continue to address these operational challenges and anticipate the ramping of our solar operations to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2016. As a result, we expect losses in our solar business to continue through the first quarter of 2016. Any further delays in ramping or failure to resolve the operational challenges in a timely manner could result in further losses for this business in future periods. 46  We recently expanded our business relationship with one of our aerospace and defense customers whereby that customer had outsourced certain of its operations to us. This program transfer was completed in April 2015, and we currently manage the manufacturing and repair operations for certain product lines of this customer from its site in Ontario, Canada. We assumed the workforce assigned to these operations and purchased $27.6 million of inventory in connection with the program transfer in the second quarter of 2015. As with any business expansion, we may encounter difficulties in ramping and executing these new programs. Conclusion of U.S. class action lawsuit and status of Canadian class action lawsuit In the third quarter of 2015, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted final approval to the settlement of the U.S. securities class action lawsuit. The settlement payment to the plaintiffs was paid by our liability insurance carriers. In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada released its decision in the parallel Canadian securities class action lawsuit that the statutory claims of the plaintiff and the class are barred by the applicable limitation period. Certification of the plaintiff's common law claims was denied in 2014, but the plaintiff has initiated a second motion to certify common law claims, which we believe is without merit. See "Litigation and contingencies" below. Toronto Real Property Transaction On July 23, 2015, we entered into an agreement of purchase and sale (the Property Sale Agreement) to sell our real property located in Toronto, Ontario, which includes the site of our corporate headquarters and our Toronto manufacturing operations, to a special purpose entity (the Property Purchaser) to be formed by a consortium of three real estate developers. Subject to completion of the transaction, the purchase price is approximately $137 million Canadian dollars ($98.5 million at year-end exchange rates), exclusive of applicable taxes and subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Property Sale Agreement, including for certain density bonuses and other adjustments in accordance with usual commercial practice. Upon execution of the Property Sale Agreement, the Property Purchaser paid us a cash deposit of $15 million Canadian dollars ($11.2 million at the then-prevailing exchange rate), which is non-refundable except in limited circumstances. Upon closing, which is subject to various conditions, including municipal approvals and is currently anticipated to occur within approximately two years from the execution date of the Property Sale Agreement, the Property Purchaser is to pay us an additional $53.5 million Canadian dollars in cash ($38.5 million at year-end exchange rates). The balance of the purchase price is to be satisfied upon closing by an interest-free, first-ranking mortgage in the amount of $68.5 million Canadian dollars ($49.3 million at year-end exchange rates) to be registered on title to the property and having a term of two years from the closing date. We have recorded the cash deposit in other non-current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet and as cash provided by investing activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows. As part of the Property Sale Agreement, we have agreed upon closing to enter into an interim lease for our existing corporate head office and manufacturing premises on a portion of the real estate for an initial two-year term on a rent-free basis (subject to certain payments including taxes and utilities), which is to be followed by a longer-term lease for Celestica's new corporate headquarters, on commercially reasonable arm's-length terms. There can be no assurance that this transaction will be completed within the expected time period, or at all. Should the transaction close, we expect to be able to find a replacement site on commercially acceptable terms for our Toronto manufacturing operations. However, there can be no assurance that this will be the case. See "Liquidity — Cash requirements" below. Approximately 30% of the interests in the Property Purchaser are to be held by a privately-held company in which Mr. Gerald Schwartz, a controlling shareholder and director of Celestica, has a material interest. Mr. Schwartz also has a non-voting interest in an entity which is to have an approximate 25% interest in the Property Purchaser. Given the interest in the transaction by a related party, our board of directors formed a Special Committee, consisting solely of independent directors, which retained its own independent legal counsel, to review and supervise a competitive bidding process. The Special Committee, after considering, among other factors, that the purchase price for the property exceeded the valuation provided by an independent appraiser, determined that the Property Purchaser's transaction terms were in the best interests of Celestica. Our board of 47 directors, at a meeting where Mr. Schwartz was not present, approved the transaction based on the unanimous recommendation of the Special Committee. Launch of a new normal course issuer bid (2016 NCIB): On February 22, 2016, the TSX accepted our notice to launch a new NCIB. The 2016 NCIB allows us to repurchase, at our discretion, until the earlier of February 23, 2017 or the completion of purchases thereunder, up to approximately 10.5 million subordinate voting shares (representing approximately 7.3% of our total outstanding subordinate voting and multiple voting shares at the time of launch) in the open market or as otherwise permitted, subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we are permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2016 NCIB will be reduced by the number of subordinate voting shares purchased during the term of the 2016 NCIB to satisfy obligations under our stock-based compensation plans. Summary of 2015 Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and accounting policies we adopted in accordance with IFRS. These consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly our financial position as at December 31, 2015 and the financial performance, comprehensive income and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015. See "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" below. The following table shows certain key operating results and financial information for the years indicated (in millions, except per share amounts): Revenue Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) Other charges Net earnings Diluted earnings per share 2013 Year ended December 31 2014 2015 $ $ $ 5,796.1 389.5 222.3 4.0 118.0 0.64 $ $ $ 5,631.3 405.4 210.3 37.1 108.2 0.60 $ $ $ 5,639.2 391.1 207.5 35.8 66.9 0.42 Cash and cash equivalents Borrowings under credit facility Total assets December 31 2013 December 31 2014 December 31 2015 $ 544.3 $ 565.0 $ — 2,638.9 — 2,583.6 545.3 262.5 2,612.0 Revenue of $5.6 billion for 2015 was flat compared to 2014. Compared to 2014, revenue dollars in 2015 from our storage end market increased 5%, primarily due to new program wins, in part driven by our JDM offering, and revenue dollars from our diversified end market increased 4%, primarily driven by new program wins, including the aerospace and defense program described above, and improved demand in our semiconductor business. Revenue dollars from our consumer end market (which comprised 3% of total revenue for 2015) decreased 33% compared to 2014, primarily due to program completions in the second half of 2014, as we continued to de-emphasize certain lower-margin business in our consumer portfolio. Revenue dollars from our communications end market and servers end market in 2015 were relatively flat compared to 2014. Communications and diversified continued to be our largest end markets, representing 40% and 29%, respectively, of total revenue for 2015. Gross profit of $391.1 million (6.9% of total revenue) for 2015 decreased 4% compared to $405.4 million (7.2% of total revenue) for 2014, primarily due to higher than expected costs of ramping new programs, particularly the ramping of our new solar business in Asia (discussed above). This, combined with the impact of changes in program mix and losses at our sites in Japan and Spain (see "Other charges" below), more than offset 48 the gross profit improvements we made in our semiconductor business during 2015. SG&A for 2015 of $207.5 million decreased slightly compared to $210.3 million for 2014. Other charges of $35.8 million for 2015 were comprised primarily of $23.9 million in restructuring charges and $12.2 million in non-cash impairment charges on property, plant and equipment pertaining to our sites in Japan and Spain (see "Other charges" below). Other charges of $37.1 million for 2014 were comprised primarily of our non-cash goodwill impairment charges related to our semiconductor business. Net earnings for 2015 of $66.9 million were $41.3 million lower compared to 2014, primarily due to higher income tax expense in 2015, in part due to higher taxable foreign exchange impacts in 2015 (see "Operating Results — Income taxes" below), and increased stock-based compensation expense (see "Operating Results — Stock-based compensation" below). Our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2015 were $545.3 million (December 31, 2014 — $565.0 million). Our non-IFRS free cash flow for 2015 was $113.2 million compared to $177.4 million for 2014, primarily due to a reduction in cash provided by operating activities in 2015, and $26.5 million in net cash advances we made to the Solar Supplier during 2015 (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity" below). At December 31, 2015, we had an aggregate of $262.5 million outstanding (December 31, 2014 — no amounts outstanding) under our credit facility (including the Term Loan), and $50.0 million of accounts receivable (A/R) were sold under our A/R sales facility and de-recognized from our accounts receivable balance (December 31, 2014 — $50.0 million of A/R). We have repurchased subordinate voting shares in the open market and otherwise for cancellation in recent years pursuant to normal course issuer bids (NCIBs), which allow us to repurchase a limited number of subordinate voting shares during a specified period, and from time to time pursuant to substantial issuer bids, including the SIB described below. As part of the NCIB process, we have entered into Automatic Share Purchase Plans (ASPPs) with brokers, which allow such brokers to purchase our subordinate voting shares in the open market on our behalf, for cancellation under our NCIBs (including during any applicable trading blackout periods). In addition, we have entered into program share repurchases (PSRs) as part of the NCIB process, pursuant to which we make a prepayment to a broker in consideration for the right to receive a variable number of subordinate voting shares upon such PSR's completion. Under such PSRs, the price and number of subordinate voting shares to be repurchased by us is determined based on a discount to the volume weighted-average market price of our subordinate voting shares during the term of the PSR, subject to certain terms and conditions. The subordinate voting shares repurchased under any PSR are cancelled upon completion of each PSR under the NCIB. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we are permitted to repurchase for cancellation under each NCIB is reduced by the number of subordinate voting shares we purchase in the open market during the term of such NCIB to satisfy obligations under our stock- based compensation plans. On September 9, 2014, the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) accepted our notice to launch an NCIB (the 2014 NCIB), which allowed us to repurchase, at our discretion, until the earlier of September 10, 2015 or the completion of purchases thereunder, up to approximately 10.3 million subordinate voting shares (representing approximately 5.8% of our total multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares outstanding at the time of launch) in the open market or as otherwise permitted, subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. On January 28, 2015, we completed a $50.0 million PSR (which we funded in December 2014), pursuant to which we repurchased and cancelled 4.4 million subordinate voting shares at a weighted average price of $11.38 per share. Subsequent to the completion of this PSR, we paid $19.8 million (including transaction fees) to repurchase and cancel an additional 1.7 million subordinate voting shares under the 2014 NCIB (prior to its expiry in September 2015) at a weighted average price of $11.66 per share. We repurchased and cancelled an aggregate of 9.0 million subordinate voting shares during the term of the 2014 NCIB. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we were permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2014 NCIB was reduced by 0.5 million subordinate voting shares we purchased in the open market during the term of the 2014 NCIB to satisfy obligations under our stock-based compensation plans. In the second quarter of 2015, we launched and completed a $350.0 million substantial issuer bid (the SIB), pursuant to which we repurchased and cancelled approximately 26.3 million subordinate voting shares at a price of $13.30 per share, representing approximately 15.5% of our total multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares issued and outstanding prior to its completion. We funded the share repurchases in June 2015 using the proceeds of the $250.0 million Term Loan (defined below), $25.0 million drawn on our revolving credit facility, and $75.0 million of cash on hand. We made two scheduled quarterly principal repayments totaling $12.5 million 49 under the Term Loan during the second half of 2015. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity — Cash requirements" below. Summary of 2014 Revenue of $5.6 billion for 2014 decreased 3% from 2013. Compared to 2013, revenue dollars in 2014 from our communications end market decreased 7%, primarily due to weaker demand from certain customers and program completions during 2014; revenue dollars from our server end market decreased 25%, primarily due to the insourcing of a lower margin server program by one of our existing customers in 2013 and overall demand weakness in this end market; and revenue dollars from our consumer end market decreased 29%, primarily due to program completions as we continued to de-emphasize the lower margin business in our consumer portfolio. These decreases were offset in part by a 7% increase in revenue from our diversified end market and a 26% increase in revenue from our storage end market in 2014 compared to 2013. Compared to 2013, the revenue increase in our diversified end market in 2014 was driven primarily by new program wins in our industrial and semiconductor businesses, offset in part by demand weakness in our solar business; and the revenue increase in our storage end market was primarily due to new programs we launched in 2014, in part driven by our JDM offering. Communications and diversified were our largest end markets for 2014, representing 40% and 28%, respectively, of total revenue for the year. Despite the revenue decrease in 2014, gross profit increased 4% to $405.4 million (7.2% of total revenue) for 2014 from $389.5 million (6.7% of total revenue) for 2013, primarily as a result of our continued focus on cost containment, as well as improved program mix as we de-emphasized the lower margin portion of our server and consumer businesses. SG&A for 2014 decreased 5% to $210.3 million from $222.3 million for 2013, primarily due to our overall spending reductions in 2014, mostly driven by savings in compensation and related expenses resulting from headcount reductions attributable to our previous restructuring actions. Net earnings for 2014 of $108.2 million were $9.8 million lower compared to $118.0 million for 2013, primarily due to a $40.8 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge and a $6.4 million non-cash settlement loss related to one of our pension plans (discussed below), which more than offset our gross profit improvement and our SG&A savings discussed above. In 2013, we also recorded higher restructuring charges and a higher amount of recoveries related to the settlement of certain class action lawsuits in which we were a plaintiff. In August 2014, we liquidated the asset portfolio for the defined benefit component of a pension plan for certain Canadian employees, following which substantially all of the proceeds were used to purchase annuities from insurance companies for plan participants. The purchase of the annuities resulted in the insurance companies assuming responsibility for payment of the defined benefit pension benefits under the plan, and the employer substantially eliminating financial risk in respect of these obligations. We re-measured the pension assets and liabilities relating to this pension plan immediately before the purchase of the annuities, and recorded a net re-measurement actuarial gain of $2.3 million in other comprehensive income during 2014 that was subsequently reclassified to deficit in the same period. The purchase of the annuities also resulted in a non-cash settlement loss of $6.4 million which we recorded in other charges in our consolidated statement of operations in 2014. For accounting purposes, on a gross-basis, we reduced the value of our pension assets by $149.8 million, and the value of our pension liabilities by $143.4 million as of the date of the annuity purchase. In August 2014, we completed an NCIB launched in August 2013 (the 2013 NCIB), which allowed us to repurchase, at our discretion, up to approximately 9.8 million subordinate voting shares in the open market, or as otherwise permitted. During 2014, we paid $59.6 million (including transaction fees) to repurchase and cancel 5.5 million subordinate voting shares at a weighted average price of $10.82 per share under the 2013 NCIB, including 4.0 million subordinate voting shares repurchased pursuant to two PSRs and 0.9 million subordinate voting shares repurchased pursuant to an ASPP completed during the term of the 2013 NCIB. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we were permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2013 NCIB was reduced by 0.3 million subordinate voting shares we purchased in the open market during the term of the 2013 NCIB to satisfy obligations under our stock-based compensation plans. During 2014, we also paid $31.0 million (including transaction fees) to repurchase and cancel 2.9 million subordinate voting shares under the 2014 NCIB at a weighted average price of $10.53 per share. In 50 December 2014, we paid $50.0 million to a broker under a PSR that we completed in January 2015 (discussed above). During 2014, we repurchased an aggregate of 8.5 million subordinate voting shares for cancellation pursuant to our 2013 and 2014 NCIBs. Other performance indicators: In addition to the key operating results and financial information described above, management reviews the following non-IFRS measures: 1Q14 2Q14 3Q14 4Q14 1Q15 2Q15 3Q15 4Q15 Cash cycle days: Days in A/R Days in inventory Days in A/P Cash cycle days Inventory turns 45 61 (58) 48 6.0x 43 54 (53) 44 6.8x 46 54 (55) 45 6.8x 44 52 (52) 44 7.1x 47 56 (56) 47 6.6x 2014 43 58 (55) 46 6.3x 40 53 (51) 42 6.9x 42 54 (54) 42 6.7x 2015 Amount of A/R sold (in millions) $ 60.0 $ 60.0 $ 50.0 $ 50.0 $ 50.0 $ 55.0 $ 50.0 $ 50.0 March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Days in A/R is calculated as the average A/R for the quarter divided by the average daily revenue. Days in inventory is calculated as the average inventory for the quarter divided by the average daily cost of sales. Days in accounts payable (A/P) is calculated as the average A/P for the quarter divided by average daily cost of sales. Cash cycle days is calculated as the sum of days in A/R and days in inventory, minus the days in A/P. Inventory turns is calculated as 365 divided by the number of days in inventory. A lower number of days in A/R, days in inventory, and cash cycle days, and a higher number of days in A/P and inventory turns generally reflect improved cash management performance. These non-IFRS measures do not have comparable measures under IFRS to which we can reconcile. Cash cycle days for the fourth quarter of 2015 of 42 days decreased 2 days compared to the fourth quarter of 2014 as a result of a 4-day reduction in days in A/R, offset in part by a 1-day increase in days in inventory and a 1-day decrease in days in A/P. Compared to the same period in 2014, the decrease in days in A/R was primarily due to a change in revenue mix from customers with different payment terms, as well as improved A/R collections in the fourth quarter of 2015. Compared to the third quarter of 2015, cash cycle days decreased 4 days in the fourth quarter of 2015 as a result of a 3-day decrease in days in A/R and a 5-day decrease in days in inventory, offset in part by a 4-day decrease in days in A/P. Compared to the previous quarter, the decrease in days in A/R was primarily due to improved A/R collections, the decrease in inventory was primarily due to improved inventory management and higher than expected customer demand at year end, and the decrease in days in A/P was primarily due to the timing of purchases and payments in the respective quarters. We believe that cash cycle days (and the components thereof) and inventory turns are useful measures in providing investors with information regarding our cash management performance and are accepted measures of working capital management efficiency in our industry. These are not measures of performance under IFRS, and may not be defined and calculated in the same manner by other companies. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to working capital as an indicator of performance. Management reviews other non-IFRS measures including adjusted net earnings, operating margin, ROIC and free cash flow. See "Non-IFRS measures" below. 51 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions. We review our estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis and make revisions as determined necessary by management. Revisions are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and may impact future periods as well. Significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are described in note 2 to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements. Key sources of estimation uncertainty and judgment: We have applied significant estimates and assumptions in the following areas which we believe could have a significant impact on our reported results and financial position: our valuations of inventory, assets held for sale and income taxes; the amount of our restructuring charges or recoveries; the measurement of the recoverable amounts of our cash generating units (CGUs, as defined below), which includes estimating future growth, profitability and discount rates, and the fair value of our real property; our valuations of financial assets and liabilities, pension and non-pension post-employment benefit costs, employee stock-based compensation expense, provisions and contingencies; and the allocation of the purchase price and other valuations related to our business acquisitions. We define a CGU as the smallest identifiable group of assets that cannot be tested individually and that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. CGUs can be comprised of a single site, a group of sites, or a line of business. We have also applied significant judgment in the following areas: the determination of our CGUs and whether events or changes in circumstances during the year are indicators that a review for impairment should be conducted, and the timing of the recognition of charges and recoveries associated with our restructuring actions. The near-term economic environment could also impact certain estimates necessary to prepare our consolidated financial statements, in particular, the estimates related to the recoverable amounts used in our impairment testing of our non-financial assets (see note 15(b) to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements), and the discount rates applied to our net pension and non-pension post-employment benefit assets or liabilities (see note 18 to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements). Prior to our 2015 annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, we did not identify any triggering event during the course of 2015 that would indicate the carrying amount of our CGUs may not be recoverable (see "Other charges" below). Inventory valuation: We procure inventory and manufacture based on specific customer orders and forecasts and value our inventory on a first-in, first-out basis at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of our finished goods and work-in-progress includes direct materials, labor and overhead. We may require valuation adjustments if actual market conditions or demand for our customers' products are less favorable than originally projected. The determination of net realizable value involves significant management judgment. We consider factors such as shrinkage, the aging of and future demand for the inventory, and contractual arrangements with customers. We attempt to utilize excess inventory in other products we manufacture or return inventory to the relevant suppliers or customers. We use future sales volume forecasts to estimate excess inventory on-hand. A change to these assumptions may impact our inventory valuation and our gross margins. Should circumstances change, we may adjust our previous write-downs in our consolidated statement of operations in the period a change in estimate occurs. Income taxes: We record an income tax expense or recovery based on income earned or loss incurred in each tax jurisdiction where we operate at the enacted or substantively enacted tax rate applicable to that income or loss. In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain and estimates are required for exposures related to examinations by taxation authorities. We review these transactions and exposures and record tax liabilities for open years based on our assessment of many factors, 52 including past experience and interpretations of tax law applied to the facts of each matter. The determination of tax liabilities is subjective and generally involves a significant amount of judgment. We believe that our income tax liability reflects the probable outcome of our income tax obligations based on known facts and circumstances; however, the final income tax outcome may be different from our estimates. A change to these estimates could impact our income tax provision. We recognize deferred income tax assets to the extent we believe it is probable that the amount will be realized. We consider factors such as the reversal of taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, the character of the income tax asset, tax planning strategies, changes in tax laws and other factors. A change to these factors could impact the amount of deferred income tax assets we recognize. Goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment: We estimate the useful lives of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment based on the nature of the asset, historical experience, the projected period of future economic benefits to be provided by the assets, the terms of any related customer contract, and expected changes in technology. We review the carrying amounts of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment for impairment on an annual basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or CGU may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, we test the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU for impairment. Absent triggering events during the year, we conduct our annual impairment assessment in the fourth quarter of the year to correspond with our annual planning cycle. Judgment is required in the determination of our CGUs and whether events or changes in circumstances during the year are indicators that a review for impairment should be conducted prior to the annual assessment. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset, CGU or group of CGUs exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset, CGU or group of CGUs is measured as the greater of its value-in-use and its fair value less costs to sell. The process of determining the recoverable amount is subjective and requires management to exercise significant judgment in estimating future growth, profitability and discount rates, and in projecting future cash flows, among other factors. The process of determining fair value less costs to sell requires valuations and use of appraisals. Where applicable, we engage independent brokers to obtain market prices to estimate our real property values. We recognize impairment losses in our consolidated statement of operations. We first allocate impairment losses in respect of a CGU or group of CGUs to reduce the carrying amount of its goodwill, and then to reduce the carrying amount of other assets in such CGU or group of CGUs generally on a pro rata basis. See notes 8 and 15(b) to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements for a description of an impairment charge to property, plant and equipment recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015. We do not reverse impairment losses for goodwill in future periods. We reverse impairment losses for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, if the losses we recognized in prior periods no longer exist or have decreased. At each reporting date, we review for indicators that could change the estimates we used to determine the recoverable amount of the relevant assets. The amount of any reversal is limited to restoring the carrying amount to the amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, had we recognized no impairment loss in prior periods. Restructuring charges: We incur restructuring charges relating to workforce reductions, site consolidations and costs associated with exiting businesses. Our restructuring charges include employee severance and benefit costs, gains, losses or impairments related to owned sites and equipment we no longer use and which are available for sale, impairment of related intangible assets, and costs related to leased sites and equipment we no longer use. The recognition of restructuring charges requires management to make certain judgments and estimates regarding the nature, timing and amounts associated with our restructuring plans. Our major assumptions include the number of employees to be terminated and the timing of such terminations, the measurement of termination costs, the timing and amount of lease obligations, and the timing of disposition and estimated fair values less costs to sell of assets we no longer use and which are available for sale. We develop detailed plans and recognize employee termination costs in the period the employees are informed of their termination. For owned 53 sites and equipment that are no longer in use and are available for sale, we recognize an impairment loss based on the fair value less costs to sell, with fair value estimated based on market prices for similar assets. We may engage independent third parties to determine the fair value less costs to sell for these assets. For leased sites that we have vacated, we discount the lease obligation based on future lease payments net of estimated sublease income, if any. We recognize the change in provisions due to the passage of time as finance costs. To estimate future sublease income, we engage independent brokers to determine the estimated tenant rents we can expect to realize. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of the remaining balances. Adjustments to the recorded amounts may be required to reflect actual experience or changes in future estimates. See note 15(a) to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements. Pension and non-pension post-employment benefits: We have pension and non-pension post-employment benefit costs and liabilities that are determined from actuarial valuations. Actuarial valuations require management to make certain judgments and estimates relating to salary escalation, compensation levels at the time of retirement, retirement ages, the discount rate used in measuring the net interest on the net defined benefit asset or liability, and expected healthcare costs (as applicable). These actuarial assumptions could change from period-to-period and actual results could differ materially from the estimates originally made by management. The fair values of our pension assets were based on a measurement date of December 31, 2015. We evaluate our assumptions on a regular basis, taking into consideration current market conditions and historical data. Market driven changes may affect the actual rate of return on plan assets compared to our assumptions, as well as our discount rates and other variables which could cause actual results to differ materially from our estimates. Changes in assumptions could impact our pension plan valuations and our future pension expense and required funding. See notes 2(n) and 18 to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements. Stock-based compensation: We recognize the grant date fair value of options granted to employees as compensation expense in our consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding charge to contributed surplus on our consolidated balance sheet, over the vesting period. We adjust compensation expense to reflect the estimated number of options we expect to vest at the end of the vesting period. When options are exercised, we credit the proceeds to capital stock on our consolidated balance sheet. We measure the fair value of options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Measurement inputs include the price of our subordinate voting shares on the grant date, the exercise price of the option, and our estimates of the following: expected price volatility of our subordinate voting shares (based on weighted average historic volatility), weighted average expected life of the option (based on historical experience and general option holder behavior), expected dividends, and the risk-free interest rate. The cost we record for restricted share units (RSUs), for all performance share units (PSUs) granted prior to 2011, and for 40% of the PSUs granted commencing in 2013, is based on the market value of our subordinate voting shares at the time of grant. The cost we record for these PSUs, which vest based on a non-market performance condition related to the achievement of pre-determined financial targets over a specified period, is based on our estimate of the outcome of such performance condition. We adjust the cost of these PSUs as new facts and circumstances arise; the timing of these adjustments is subject to judgment. We generally record adjustments to the cost of these PSUs during the last year of the three-year term based on management's estimate of the level of achievement of such performance condition. We amortize the cost of RSUs and these PSUs to compensation expense in our consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding charge to contributed surplus in our consolidated balance sheet, over the vesting period. Historically, we have generally settled these awards with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market by a trustee, or by issuing subordinate voting shares from treasury. However, we have also cash-settled certain awards (as permitted by the applicable plan) which we accounted for as liabilities and re-measured them based on our share price at each reporting date and at the settlement date, with a corresponding charge or recovery in our consolidated statement of operations. We determine the cost we record for all PSUs granted in 2011 and 2012, and 60% of the PSUs granted commencing in 2013, using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The number of awards expected to vest is factored into the grant date Monte Carlo valuation for the award. The number of these PSUs that will vest depends on 54 the level of achievement of a market performance condition, over a three-year period, based on our total shareholder return (TSR) relative to the TSR of a pre-defined group of companies. We do not adjust the grant date fair value regardless of the eventual number of awards that vest based on the level of achievement of the market performance condition. We recognize compensation expense in our consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and we reduce this expense for the estimated PSU awards that are not expected to vest because the employment conditions are not expected to be satisfied. We grant deferred share units (DSUs) to certain members of our Board of Directors as part of their compensation, which in 2015 was comprised of an annual equity award, an annual retainer, and meeting fees. In the case of the annual equity award, which is granted in equal amounts each quarter, the number of DSUs we grant is determined by dividing the dollar value of the award by the closing price of our subordinate voting shares on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") on the last business day of the quarter. In the case of the annual retainer and meeting fees, the number of DSUs we granted was determined by dividing either 50% or 100% (depending on the election made by each director), of the dollar value of the retainer and fees earned in the quarter by the closing price of our subordinate voting shares on the NYSE on the last business day of the quarter. Each DSU represents the right to receive one subordinate voting share or an equivalent value in cash after the individual ceases to serve as a director. For DSUs granted prior to January 1, 2007, we may settle these share units with subordinate voting shares issued from treasury or purchased in the open market, or with cash. For DSUs granted after January 1, 2007, we may only settle these share units with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market or with cash. We expense the cost of DSUs through SG&A in our consolidated statement of operations in the period the services are rendered. Commencing January 1, 2016, separate meeting fees and the annual equity award were eliminated, replaced by a flat fee annual retainer, and either 75% or 100% (depending on the election by each director) of such retainer (plus travel fees) is payable in DSUs. In addition, our Board of Directors has the discretion to grant supplemental equity awards to individual directors as deemed appropriate. Operating Results Our annual and quarterly operating results, including working capital performance, vary from period-to-period as a result of the level and timing of customer orders, mix of revenue, and fluctuations in materials and other costs and expenses. The level and timing of customer orders vary due to changes in demand for their products, general economic conditions, their attempts to balance their inventory, availability of components and materials, and changes in their supply chain strategies or suppliers. Our annual and quarterly operating results are specifically affected by, among other factors: our mix of customers and the types of products or services we provide; the rate at which, the costs associated with, and the execution of, new program ramps; volumes and the seasonality of our business; price competition; the mix of manufacturing or service value-add; capacity utilization; manufacturing efficiency; the degree of automation used in the assembly process; the availability of components or labor; the timing of receiving components and materials; costs and inefficiencies of transferring programs between sites; program completions or losses, or customer disengagements and the timing and the margin of any replacement business; the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations; the performance of third-party providers; our ability to manage inventory, production location and equipment effectively; our ability to manage changing labor, component, energy and transportation costs effectively; fluctuations in variable compensation costs; the timing of our expenditures in anticipation of forecasted sales levels; and the timing of any acquisitions and related integration costs. Our operations may also be affected by natural disasters or other local risks present in the jurisdictions in which we, our suppliers, logistics partners, and/or our customers operate. These events could lead to higher costs or supply shortages or may disrupt the delivery of components to us or our ability to provide finished products or services to our customers, any of which could adversely affect our operating results. In the EMS industry, customers award new programs or shift programs to other EMS providers for a number of reasons, including changes in demand for the customers' products, pricing benefits offered by other EMS providers, execution or quality issues, preference for consolidation or a change in their supplier base, rebalancing the concentration or location of their EMS providers, consolidation among customers, and decisions to adjust the volume of business being outsourced. Customer or program transfers between EMS providers are part of the competitive nature of our industry. Some customers use more than one EMS provider to 55 manufacture a product and/or may have the same EMS provider support them from more than one geographic location. Customers may choose to change the allocation of demand among their EMS providers and/or may shift programs from one region to another region within an EMS provider's global network. Customers may also decide to insource production they had previously outsourced to utilize their internal capacity or for other reasons. Our operating results for each period include the impacts associated with new program wins, follow-on business, program completions or losses, as well as any acquisitions. The volume, profitability and the location of new business awards will vary from period-to-period and from program-to-program. Significant period-to-period variations can also result from the timing of new programs reaching full production or programs reaching end-of-life, the timing of follow-on or next generation programs and/or the timing of existing programs being fully or partially transferred internally or to a competitor. Operating results expressed as a percentage of revenue: Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit SG&A Research and development costs Amortization of intangible assets Other charges Finance costs Earnings before income tax Income tax expense Net earnings Revenue: Year ended December 31 2014 100.0% 92.8 7.2 3.7 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.1 2.2 0.3 1.9% 2013 100.0% 93.3 6.7 3.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.2 0.2 2.0% 2015 100.0% 93.1 6.9 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.1 1.9 0.7 1.2% Revenue of $5.6 billion for 2015 was flat compared to 2014. Compared to revenue from our end markets in 2014, revenue dollars from our storage end market increased 5%, revenue dollars from our diversified end market increased 4%, and revenue dollars from our consumer end market (which comprised 3% of our total revenue for 2015) decreased 33%, primarily due to the factors discussed in "Summary of 2015" above and the discussions below. Revenue dollars from our communications end market and servers end market in 2015 were relatively flat compared to 2014. Communications and diversified continued to be our largest end markets for 2015, representing 40% and 29%, respectively, of total revenue for the year. Revenue of $5.6 billion for 2014 decreased 3% from 2013. Compared to revenue from our end markets in 2013, revenue dollars from our storage end market increased 26%, revenue dollars from our diversified end market increased 7%, revenue dollars from our consumer end market decreased 29%, revenue dollars from our server end market decreased 25%, and revenue dollars from our communications end market decreased 7%, primarily due to the factors discussed in "Summary of 2014" above and the discussions below. Communications and diversified were our largest end markets for 2014, representing 40% and 28%, respectively, of total revenue for the year. 56  The following table shows revenue from the end markets we serve as a percentage of total revenue for the years indicated: Communications Consumer Diversified Servers Storage Revenue (in billions) 2013 2014 2015 42% 6% 25% 13% 14% 5.80 $ 40% 5% 28% 9% 18% 5.63 $ 40% 3% 29% 10% 18% 5.64 $ Our product and service volumes, revenue and operating results vary from period-to-period depending on various factors, including the success in the marketplace of our customers' products, changes in demand from our customers for the products we manufacture, the mix and complexity of the products or services we provide, the timing of receiving components and materials, the extent, timing and rate of new program wins, follow-on business, program completions or losses, the transfer of programs among our sites at our customers' request, the costs, terms, timing and execution of new program ramps, and the impact of seasonality on various end markets. We are dependent on a limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenue. We also expect that the pace of technological change, the frequency of customers' transferring business among EMS competitors or customers changing the volumes they outsource, and the dynamics of the global economy will continue to impact our business from period-to-period. See "Overview" above. From time to time we experience some level of seasonality in our quarterly revenue patterns across some of the end markets we serve. However, the numerous factors described above that affect our period-to-period results make it difficult to isolate the impact of seasonality and other external factors on our business. To reduce the reliance on any one customer or end market, we continue to target new customers and services, including through our efforts to expand our diversified end market business (see discussions above and below of investments in our solar energy capabilities and our aerospace and defense expansion). Notwithstanding these expansion efforts, we remain dependent on our traditional end markets for a substantial portion of our revenue. We continue to experience slower growth rates and increased pricing pressures in our traditional markets. Our communications end market represented 40% of total revenue for each of 2015 and 2014, down from 42% of total revenue for 2013. Revenue dollars from this end market in 2015 were relatively flat compared to 2014, with growth from new program wins offsetting the lower revenue due to program completions during 2014. Compared to 2013, revenue dollars from this end market decreased 7% in 2014, primarily due to weaker demand from certain customers and program completions during 2014. Our diversified end market represented 29% of total revenue for 2015, up from 28% of total revenue for 2014 and 25% of total revenue for 2013. Revenue dollars from our diversified end market increased 4% in 2015 compared to 2014, primarily driven by new program wins, including the aerospace and defense program outsourced to us in the second quarter of 2015, and improved demand in our semiconductor business. Revenue from our solar business in 2015, however, was slightly lower than in 2014 as we transitioned and ramped our solar operations in Asia (discussed above and in "Overview"). Compared to 2013, revenue dollars from our diversified end market increased 7% in 2014, primarily driven by new program wins in our industrial and semiconductor businesses, offset in part by demand weakness in our solar business. Our storage end market represented 18% of total revenue for each of 2015 and 2014, up from 14% of total revenue for 2013. In 2015, revenue dollars from our storage end market increased 5% compared to 2014, and revenue dollars from our storage end market increased 26% in 2014 compared to 2013, in each case primarily due to new program wins, in part driven by our JDM offering. Our servers end market represented 10% of total revenue for 2015, compared to 9% of total revenue for 2014 and 13% of total revenue for 2013. Revenue dollars from our servers end market in 2015 were relatively flat compared to 2014. In 2014, revenue dollars from our server end market decreased 25% compared to 2013, 57 primarily as a result of the insourcing of a lower-margin server program by one of our existing customers (completed in the third quarter of 2013) and overall weaker demand in this end market in 2014. Our consumer end market represented 3% of total revenue for 2015, down from 5% of total revenue for 2014 and 6% of total revenue for 2013. In 2015, revenue dollars from our consumer end market decreased 33% compared to 2014, and revenue dollars from our consumer end market decreased 29% in 2014 compared to 2013, primarily due to program completions in each such year, as we continued to de-emphasize certain lower-margin business in our consumer portfolio. For each of 2015 and 2014, we had three customers (Cisco Systems, IBM, and Juniper Networks) that individually represented more than 10% of total revenue (2013 — two customers (Cisco Systems and Juniper Networks)). Whether any of our customers individually accounts for more than 10% of our total revenue in any period depends on various factors affecting our business with that customer and with other customers, including overall changes in demand for our customers' products, the extent and timing of new program wins, follow-on business, program completions or losses, the phasing in or out of programs, the relative growth rate or decline of our business with our various customers, price competition and changes in our customers' supplier base or supply chain strategies, and the impact of seasonality on our business. In the aggregate, our top 10 customers represented 67% of total revenue for 2015 (2014 — 65%; 2013 — 65%). We are dependent to a significant degree upon continued revenue from our largest customers. We generally enter into master supply agreements with our customers that provide the framework for our overall relationship. These agreements typically do not guarantee a particular level of business or fixed pricing. Instead, we bid on a program-by-program basis and typically receive customer purchase orders for specific quantities and timing of products. There can be no assurance that revenue from any of our major customers will continue at historical levels or will not decrease in absolute terms or as a percentage of total revenue. A significant revenue decrease or pricing pressures from these or other customers, or a loss of a major customer or program, could have a material adverse impact on our business, our operating results and our financial position. In the EMS industry, customers may cancel contracts and volume levels can be changed or delayed. Customers may also shift business to a competitor or bring programs in-house to improve their own utilization or to adjust the concentration of their supplier base to manage supply continuity risk. We cannot assure the replacement of completed, delayed, cancelled or reduced orders with new business. In addition, we cannot assure that any of our current customers will continue to utilize our services. Order cancellations and changes or delays in production could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and working capital performance, including requiring us to carry higher than expected levels of inventory. Order cancellations and delays could also lower our asset utilization, resulting in lower margins. Significant period-to-period changes in margins can also result if new program wins or follow-on business are more competitively priced than past programs. We believe that profitable revenue growth depends to a significant extent on increasing sales to existing customers for their current and future product generations and expanding the range of services we provide to these customers. We also continue to pursue new customers and acquisition opportunities to expand our end market penetration, to diversify our end market mix, and to enhance and add new technologies and capabilities to our offerings. Gross profit: The following table is a breakdown of gross profit and gross margin (gross profit as a percentage of total revenue) for the years indicated: Gross profit (in millions) Gross margin 58 Year ended December 31 2014 2013 2015 $ 389.5 6.7% $ 405.4 7.2% $ 391.1 6.9%  Compared to 2014, gross profit decreased 4% in 2015, primarily due to higher than expected costs of ramping new programs, particularly the ramping of our new solar business in Asia. We expanded our solar business into Asia in 2015 and incurred higher costs as a result of delayed ramping, operational inefficiencies and supplier performance issues. (See "Overview" above). This, combined with the impact of changes in program mix and losses at our sites in Japan and Spain (see "Other charges" below), more than offset the gross profit improvements we made in our semiconductor business during 2015. Despite the revenue decrease in 2014, gross profit for 2014 increased 4% compared to 2013. Gross margin for 2014 also increased to 7.2%, compared to 6.7% for 2013. These increases were primarily driven by our continued focus on cost containment, as well as a favorable program mix, resulting in part from our continued de-emphasis of the lower margin portion of our server and consumer businesses. In general, in addition to fluctuations in revenue, multiple factors cause gross margin to fluctuate including, among others: volume and mix of products or services; higher/lower revenue concentration in lower gross margin products and end markets; pricing pressures; contract terms and conditions; production efficiencies; utilization of manufacturing capacity; changing material and labor costs, including variable labor costs associated with direct manufacturing employees; manufacturing and transportation costs; start-up and ramp-up activities; new product introductions; disruption in production at individual sites, including as a result of program transfers; cost structures at individual sites; foreign exchange volatility; and the availability of components and materials. Our gross profit and SG&A (discussed below) are also impacted by the level of variable compensation expense we record in each period. Variable compensation expense includes expense related to our team incentive plans available to eligible employees, sales incentive plans and stock-based compensation, such as stock options, PSUs and RSUs. See "Stock-based compensation" below. The amount of variable compensation expense related to performance-based compensation varies each period depending on the level of achievement of pre-determined performance goals and financial targets. Selling, general and administrative expenses: SG&A for 2015 of $207.5 million (3.7% of total revenue) decreased slightly compared to $210.3 million (3.7% of total revenue) for 2014, primarily due to overall spending reductions in 2015, which more than offset the higher stock-based compensation expense in the same year (discussed below). SG&A for 2014 decreased 5% to $210.3 million (3.7% of total revenue) compared to $222.3 million (3.8% of total revenue) for 2013, primarily reflecting overall spending reductions in 2014, mostly due to savings in compensation and related expenses as a result of headcount reductions attributable to our previous restructuring actions. Stock-based compensation: Our employee stock-based compensation expense, which excludes DSU expense, varies each period, and includes mark-to-market adjustments for any awards we settle in cash and any plan amendments. The portion of our expense that relates to performance-based compensation generally varies depending on our level of achievement of pre-determined performance goals and financial targets. See the table in the section captioned "Non-IFRS Measures" below for the respective amounts of employee stock-based compensation expense recorded in each of cost of sales and SG&A for 2015 and 2014. In 2013, we recorded $12.5 million and $16.7 million of employee stock-based compensation expense in cost of sales and SG&A, respectively. Employee stock-based compensation (in millions) Year ended December 31 2014 2013 2015 $ 29.2 $ 28.4 $ 37.6 Compared to 2014, our employee stock-based compensation expense for 2015 increased by $9.2 million, primarily due to an adjustment recorded in 2015 to reflect the estimated level of achievement related to our performance-based compensation, as well as the cost of new awards granted in 2015 in connection with our CEO 59 transition. Our 2014 employee stock-based compensation expense was reduced by expense reversals we recorded with respect to forfeited awards for terminated employees. Our employee stock-based compensation expense for 2014 was relatively flat compared to 2013. Management currently intends to settle all outstanding share unit awards with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market by a trustee or by issuing subordinate voting shares from treasury. Accordingly, we have accounted for these share unit awards as equity-settled awards. See "Cash requirements" below. In 2015, we also recorded DSU expense of $1.9 million (2014 — $1.9 million; 2013 — $1.9 million) through SG&A. Other charges: (i) We have recorded the following restructuring charges (recoveries) for the years indicated (in millions): Restructuring charges (recoveries) Year ended December 31 2014 2013 2015 $ 28.0 $ (2.1) $ 23.9 We perform ongoing evaluations of our business, operational efficiency and cost structure, and implement restructuring actions as we deem necessary. As a result of our most recent evaluation, we recorded restructuring charges of $23.9 million during 2015 to consolidate certain of our sites and to reduce our workforce, including cash charges of $19.5 million, primarily for employee termination costs, and non-cash charges of $4.4 million, primarily to write down certain equipment to recoverable amounts. Our restructuring charges for 2015 included headcount reductions at various sites, including reductions at under-utilized manufacturing sites in higher cost locations, as well as costs associated with the consolidation of two of our semiconductor sites into a single location. In an effort to reduce the cost structure and improve the margin performance of our semiconductor business, our actions resulted in a reduction in the related workforce and a write down of certain equipment. In 2014, we recorded a net reversal of $2.1 million primarily to adjust for reduced payments in relation to a site that was part of a previous restructuring action. In 2013, we recorded restructuring charges of $28.0 million, consisting primarily of employee termination costs related to previous restructuring actions implemented throughout our global network. Our restructuring provision at December 31, 2015 was $10.7 million (December 31, 2014 — $1.9 million) comprised primarily of employee termination costs which we expect to pay by the end of March 2016. All cash outlays have been, and the balance is expected to be, funded with cash on hand. We perform ongoing evaluations of our operations, and expect to implement further restructuring actions in 2016 to further streamline our business and improve margin performance. We may also propose additional future restructuring actions or divestitures as a result of changes in our business, the marketplace and/or our exit from less profitable, under-performing, non-core or non-strategic operations. An increase in the frequency of customers transferring business to our EMS competitors, changes in the volumes they outsource, pricing pressures, or requests to transfer their programs among our sites or to lower-cost locations, may also result in our taking future restructuring actions. We may incur higher operating expenses during periods of transitioning programs within our network or to our competitors. (ii) We have recorded the following impairment charges for the years indicated (in millions): Asset impairment Year ended December 31 2014 2015 $ 40.8 $ 12.2 2013 $ — We conduct our annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in the fourth quarter of each year (which corresponds to our annual planning cycle), and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset, CGU or a group of CGUs may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset, CGU or a group of 60 CGUs exceeds its recoverable amount, which is measured as the greater of its value-in-use and its fair value less costs to sell. Prior to our 2015 annual impairment assessment, we did not identify any triggering event during the course of 2015 indicating that the carrying amount of our assets and CGUs may not be recoverable. For our 2015 annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, we used cash flow projections based primarily on our plan for the following year and, to a lesser extent, on our three-year strategic plan and other financial projections. Our plan for the following year is primarily based on financial projections submitted by our subsidiaries in the fourth quarter of each year, together with inputs from our customer teams, and is subjected to in-depth reviews performed by various levels of management as part of our annual planning cycle. Upon completion of our 2015 annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, we determined that the recoverable amount of our assets and CGUs, other than our Japan and Spain CGUs, exceeded their respective carrying values and no impairment existed for such assets and CGUs as of December 31, 2015. Our CGUs in each of Japan and Spain incurred losses in 2015, primarily due to reduced customer demand and the challenging market conditions we experienced in these CGUs during the year. Primarily as a result of management's assessment of the continued negative impact of these factors on the profitability of these two CGUs, we reduced the future cash flow projections for these two CGUs in the fourth quarter of 2015, and recorded non-cash impairment charges totaling $12.2 million, comprised of $6.5 million and $5.7 million, against the property, plant and equipment of our CGUs in Japan and Spain, respectively. After recording the impairment charges, the carrying value of the property, plant and equipment held by each such CGU was reduced to approximate the fair value of its real property at the end of 2015. No goodwill or intangible assets were attributable to either of these CGUs in 2015. In the fourth quarter of 2014, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment. We recorded non-cash impairment charges of $40.8 million against the goodwill of our semiconductor business, primarily due to the reduction at that time of our long-term cash flow projections for this CGU as a result of volatility in customer demand, operational inefficiencies and commercial challenges associated with a particular customer, and the costs, terms, timing and challenges of ramping new sites and programs. In 2013, we recorded no impairment against goodwill, intangible assets or property, plant and equipment as the recoverable amounts exceeded their carrying amounts. We determined the recoverable amount of our CGUs based primarily on their expected value-in-use. The process of determining the recoverable amount of a CGU is subjective and requires management to exercise significant judgment in estimating future growth, profitability, and discount rates, among other factors. The assumptions used in our 2015 annual impairment assessment were determined based on past experiences adjusted for expected changes in future conditions. Where applicable, we engaged independent brokers to obtain market prices to estimate our real property values. For our 2015 assessment, we used cash flow projections ranging from 3 years to 10 years (2014 — 2 to 9 years; 2013 — 3 to 10 years) for our CGUs, in line with the remaining useful lives of the CGUs' essential assets. We generally used our weighted-average cost of capital of approximately 8% (2014 — approximately 10%; 2013 — approximately 12%) to discount our cash flows. For our semiconductor CGU, which is subject to heightened risk and volatilities (as a result of the factors discussed above), we applied a discount rate of 17% to our cash flow projections for this CGU (2014 and 2013 — 17%) to reflect management's assessment of increased risk inherent in these cash flows. Despite the decrease in our overall weighted-average cost of capital and new business awarded to this CGU in the past two years, we maintained the 17% discount rate for our 2015 annual analysis for the semiconductor CGU in recognition of the challenges faced by this CGU during such years. Our goodwill of $19.5 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was entirely attributable to our semiconductor CGU. For purposes of our 2015 impairment assessment, we assumed revenue growth for our semiconductor CGU in future years at an average compound annual growth rate of 9% over an 8-year period (2014 — 10% over a 9-year period), representing the remaining life of the CGU's most significant customer contract. We believe that this growth rate is supported by the level of new business awarded in recent years, the expectation of future new business awards, and anticipated overall demand improvement in the semiconductor market based on certain market trend analyses published by external sources. We also assumed that the average annual margins for this CGU over the projection period will be slightly lower than our overall margin 61 performance for the company in 2015, consistent with the average annual margins we assumed for our 2014 impairment analysis. As part of our annual impairment assessment, we perform sensitivity analyses for our semiconductor CGU in order to identify the impact of changes in key assumptions, including projected growth rates, profitability, and discount rates. For our 2015 annual impairment analysis, we did not identify any key assumptions where a reasonably possible change would result in material impairments to this CGU. Impairment assessments inherently involve judgment as to assumptions about expected future cash flows and the impact of market conditions on those assumptions. Future events and changing market conditions may impact our assumptions as to prices, costs or other factors that may result in changes in our estimates of future cash flows. Failure to realize the assumed revenues at an appropriate profit margin or failure to improve the financial results of a CGU could result in impairment losses in the CGU in future periods. (iii) In August 2014, we liquidated the asset portfolio for the defined benefit component of the pension plan for certain Canadian employees, following which substantially all of the proceeds were used to purchase annuities from insurance companies for plan participants. The purchase of the annuities resulted in the insurance companies assuming responsibility for payment of the defined benefit pension benefits under the plan, and the employer substantially eliminating financial risk in respect of these obligations. We re-measured the pension assets and liabilities immediately before the purchase of the annuities, and recorded a net re-measurement actuarial gain of $2.3 million in other comprehensive income during 2014 that was subsequently reclassified to deficit in the same period. The purchase of the annuities also resulted in a non-cash settlement loss of $6.4 million which we recorded in other charges in our 2014 consolidated statement of operations. For accounting purposes, on a gross-basis, we reduced the value of our pension assets by $149.8 million, and the value of our pension liabilities by $143.4 million as of the date of the annuity purchase. (iv) In 2014, we recorded net recoveries of $8.0 million, consisting primarily of the recoveries of damages we received in connection with the settlement of class action lawsuits in which we were a plaintiff, relating to certain purchases we had made in prior periods. In July 2013, we received similar recoveries of damages in the amount of $24.0 million. Income taxes: We had a net income tax expense of $42.2 million on earnings before tax of $109.1 million, compared to a net income tax expense of $16.4 million on earnings before tax of $124.6 million for 2014 and a net income tax expense of $12.7 million on earnings before tax of $130.7 million for 2013. Current income taxes for 2015 consisted primarily of tax expense recorded in jurisdictions with current taxes payable. Deferred income taxes for 2015 consisted primarily of net deferred income tax for changes in temporary differences in various jurisdictions. Our income tax expense of $42.2 million for 2015 was negatively impacted by taxable foreign exchange impacts arising from the weakening of the Malaysian ringgit and Chinese renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar (our functional currency), which resulted in a net income tax expense of $12.2 million for 2015. Our functional and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar; however, our income tax expense is computed based on taxable income determined in the currency of the country of origin. As a result, foreign currency translation differences impact our income tax expense from period to period. There was no net tax impact associated with the $12.2 million non-cash impairment charge we recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015 (discussed above). Current income taxes for 2014 consisted primarily of tax expense recorded in jurisdictions with current taxes payable, offset in part by an income tax benefit of $14.1 million relating to the recognition of previously unrecognized tax incentives in Malaysia (discussed below) in the first quarter of 2014. Deferred income taxes for 2014 consisted primarily of net deferred income tax expense for changes in temporary differences in various jurisdictions. In 2014, we completed an internal loan reorganization whereby certain inter-company loans were forgiven. There was no net impact to our consolidated deferred tax provisions related to this internal loan reorganization. There was no tax impact associated with the $40.8 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge we recorded in the fourth quarter of 2014 (discussed above). 62  Current income taxes for 2013 consisted primarily of tax expense recorded in jurisdictions with current taxes payable and changes to our net provisions related to tax uncertainties. Deferred income taxes for 2013 consisted primarily of net deferred income tax recoveries for changes in temporary differences in various jurisdictions. During 2013, we recorded net income tax recoveries of $9.8 million arising from net changes to our provisions for certain tax uncertainties. We conduct business operations in a number of countries, including countries where tax incentives have been extended to encourage foreign investment or where income tax rates are low. Our effective tax rate can vary significantly from period to period for various reasons, including the mix and volume of business in lower tax jurisdictions, and in jurisdictions with tax holidays and tax incentives that have been negotiated with the respective tax authorities (see discussion below). Our effective tax rate can also vary as a result of restructuring charges, foreign exchange fluctuations, operating losses, certain tax exposures, the time period in which losses may be used under tax laws and whether management believes it is probable that future taxable profit will be available to allow us to recognize deferred income tax assets. Certain countries in which we do business grant tax incentives to attract and retain our business. Our tax expense could increase significantly if certain tax incentives from which we benefit are retracted. A retraction could occur if we fail to satisfy the conditions on which these tax incentives are based, or if they are not renewed or replaced upon expiration. Our tax expense could also increase if tax rates applicable to us in such jurisdictions are otherwise increased, or due to changes in legislation or administrative practices. Changes in our outlook in any particular country could impact our ability to meet the required conditions. Our tax incentives currently consist of tax holidays for the profits of our Thailand and Laos subsidiaries, as well as tax incentives for dividend withholding taxes for these subsidiaries. These tax incentives are subject to certain conditions with which we intend to comply, and expire between 2019 and 2028. We were granted tax incentives for our Malaysian subsidiaries from 2010 to 2014, however, we did not benefit from any Malaysian tax incentives in 2015 (see discussion below). The aggregate tax benefit arising from all of our tax incentives was approximately $11.6 million or $0.07 per diluted share for 2015, $45.6 million or $0.25 per diluted share for 2014, and $19.8 million or $0.11 per diluted share for 2013. Our Malaysian income tax incentives expired as of the end of 2014, including the incentive discussed below. While negotiations for Malaysian incentives are ongoing, we currently expect to be granted new pioneer incentives for only limited portions of our Malaysian business. As a result, we recorded Malaysian income taxes at full statutory tax rates in 2015. As we continue to negotiate tax incentives with Malaysian authorities, including the activities covered, exemption levels, incentive conditions or commitments, and the effective commencement date of the incentive, we are currently unable to quantify the benefits or applicable periods of any such incentives, and there can be no assurance that any such incentives will be granted. During the first quarter of 2014, Malaysian investment authorities approved our request to revise certain required conditions related to income tax incentives for one of our Malaysian subsidiaries. The benefits of these tax incentives were not previously recognized, as prior to this revision we had not anticipated meeting the required conditions. As a result of this approval, we recognized an income tax benefit of $14.1 million in the first quarter of 2014 relating to years 2010 through 2013. We have multiple income tax incentives in Thailand with varying exemption periods. These incentives initially allow for a 100% income tax exemption and after a certain number of years will transition to a 50% income tax exemption. Upon expiry of each of the incentives, taxable profits associated with such expired tax incentives become fully taxable. During the third quarter of 2015, one of our Thailand income tax incentives transitioned to the 50% income tax exemption phase. Had this transition occurred on January 1, 2015, the current tax expense for 2015 on profits related to this incentive would have been approximately $3 million. Our current Thailand tax incentives expire between 2019 and 2028. In certain jurisdictions, primarily in the Americas and Europe, we currently have significant net operating losses and other deductible temporary differences, which we expect will be used to reduce taxable income in these jurisdictions in future periods. We develop our tax filing positions based upon the anticipated nature and structure of our business and the tax laws, administrative practices and judicial decisions currently in effect in the jurisdictions in which we have 63 assets or conduct business, all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. We are subject to tax audits globally by various tax authorities of historical information which could result in additional tax expense in future periods relating to prior results. Reviews by tax authorities generally focus on, but are not limited to, the validity of our inter-company transactions, including financing and transfer pricing policies which generally involve subjective areas of taxation and a significant degree of judgment. Any such increase in our income tax expense and related interest and/or penalties could have a significant adverse impact on our future earnings and future cash flows. Certain of our subsidiaries provide financing, or products and services to, and may from time-to-time undertake certain significant transactions with other subsidiaries in different jurisdictions. Moreover, several jurisdictions in which we operate have tax laws with detailed transfer pricing rules which require that all transactions with non-resident related parties be priced using arm's-length pricing principles, and that contemporaneous documentation must exist to support such pricing. Tax authorities in Canada have taken the position that income reported by one of our Canadian subsidiaries should have been materially higher in 2001 and 2002 and materially lower in 2003 and 2004 as a result of certain inter-company transactions, and have imposed limitations on benefits associated with favorable adjustments arising from inter-company transactions and other adjustments. We have appealed this decision with the Canadian tax authorities and have sought assistance from the relevant Competent Authorities in resolving the transfer pricing matter under relevant treaty principles. We could be required to provide security up to an estimated maximum range of $20 million to $25 million Canadian dollars (approximately $14 million to $18 million at year-end exchange rates) in the form of letters of credit to the tax authorities in connection with the transfer pricing appeal; however, we do not believe that such security will be required. If the tax authorities are successful with their challenge, we estimate that the maximum net impact for additional income taxes and interest charges associated with the proposed limitations of the favorable adjustments could be approximately $41 million Canadian dollars (approximately $29 million at year-end exchange rates). Canadian tax authorities have taken the position that certain interest amounts deducted by one of our Canadian entities in 2002 through 2004 on historical debt instruments should be re-characterized as capital losses. If the tax authorities are successful with their challenge, we estimate that the maximum net impact for additional income taxes and interest charges could be approximately $33 million Canadian dollars (approximately $24 million at year-end exchange rates). We have appealed this decision with the Canadian tax authorities and have provided the requisite security to the tax authorities, including a letter of credit in January 2014 of $5 million Canadian dollars (approximately $4 million at year-end exchange rates), in addition to amounts previously on account, in order to proceed with the appeal. We believe that our asserted position is appropriate and would be sustained upon full examination by the tax authorities and, if necessary, upon consideration by the judicial courts. Our position is supported by our Canadian legal tax advisors. In the first quarter of 2015, we de-recognized the future benefit of certain Brazilian tax losses, which were previously recognized on the basis that these tax losses could be fully utilized to offset unrealized foreign exchange gains on inter-company debts that would become realized in the fiscal period ending on the date of dissolution of our Brazilian subsidiary. Due to the weakening of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar, the unrealized foreign exchange gains had diminished to the point where the tax cost to settle such inter- company debt was significantly reduced. Accordingly, our Brazilian inter-company debts were settled on April 7, 2015 triggering a tax liability of $1 million and the relevant tax costs related to the foreign exchange gains have been accrued as at December 31, 2015. The successful pursuit of the assertions made by any taxing authority related to the above noted tax audits or others could result in our owing significant amounts of tax, interest and possibly penalties. We believe we have substantial defenses to the asserted positions and have adequately accrued for any probable potential adverse tax impact. However, there can be no assurance as to the final resolution of these claims and any resulting proceedings. If these claims and any ensuing proceedings are determined adversely to us, the amounts we may be required to pay could be material, and could be in excess of amounts currently accrued. 64 Acquisitions: We may, at any time, be engaged in ongoing discussions with respect to possible acquisitions that could expand our service offerings, increase our penetration in various industries, establish strategic relationships with new or existing customers and/or enhance our global supply chain network. In order to enhance our competitiveness and expand our revenue base or the services we offer our customers, we may also look to grow our services or capabilities beyond our traditional areas of EMS expertise. There can be no assurance that any of these discussions will result in a definitive purchase agreement and, if they do, what the terms or timing of any such agreement would be. There can also be no assurance that an acquisition will be successfully integrated or will generate the returns we expect. We did not complete any acquisitions from 2013 to 2015. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity The following tables show key liquidity metrics for the years indicated (in millions): Cash and cash equivalents Borrowings under credit facility Cash provided by operating activities Cash used in investing activities Cash used in financing activities Changes in non-cash working capital items (included in operating activities above): A/R Inventories Other current assets A/P, accrued and other current liabilities and provisions Working capital changes Cash provided by operating activities: 2013 December 31 2014 2015 $ 544.3 — $ 565.0 — $ 545.3 262.5 Year ended December 31 2014 2013 2015 $ $ $ 149.4 (48.6) (107.0) 46.4 (71.5) 3.6 (47.5) (69.0) $ $ $ 241.5 (59.9) (160.9) (39.4) 98.2 (18.9) (31.6) 8.3 $ $ $ 196.3 (75.3) (140.7) 12.5 (75.6) 38.2 28.8 3.9 In 2015, we generated $196.3 million in cash from operating activities compared to $241.5 million in 2014. The decrease as compared to 2014 was primarily due to an increase in inventory purchases to support new programs, including $27.6 million of inventory we purchased in connection with a program transfer in our aerospace and defense business (as discussed above), as well as higher cash restructuring charges in 2015. In 2014, we generated $241.5 million in cash from operating activities compared to $149.4 million in 2013. Compared to 2013, cash from operating activities for 2014 increased primarily due to favorable changes in working capital, reflecting reduced inventory levels in 2014, offset in part by an unfavorable change in A/R levels due to the timing of revenue later in the fourth quarter of 2014 and changes in customer mix. Cash used in investing activities: Our capital expenditures for 2015 were $62.8 million (2014 — $61.3 million; 2013 — $52.8 million). The capital expenditures were incurred primarily to enhance our manufacturing capabilities in various geographies and to support new customer programs. We funded these capital expenditures from cash on hand. From time-to-time, we receive cash proceeds from the sale of surplus equipment and property. 65  In March 2015, we entered into a supply agreement with the Solar Supplier that includes a commitment by us to provide cash advances of up to $31 million (reduced from previous estimates of up to $36 million) to help secure our solar cell supply. The advances were used by the Solar Supplier to help finance the expansion of its manufacturing operations into Malaysia. This supply agreement has an initial term of three and a half years, and is subject to automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless either party provides a notice of intent not to renew. We believe that advances are typical for the solar industry. All such cash advances are scheduled to be repaid by this supplier through quarterly repayment installments starting in the fourth quarter of 2015 and continuing through the end of 2017. We advanced a total of $29.5 million under this agreement in 2015. We received cash repayments of $3.0 million from the supplier in the fourth quarter of 2015. In July 2015, we received a cash deposit of $15 million Canadian dollars ($11.2 million at the then-prevailing exchange rate) related to the anticipated sale of our real property in Toronto. The deposit is non-refundable, except in limited circumstances (see "Overview — Toronto Real Property Transaction" above). Cash used in financing activities: During 2015, we used $140.7 million of cash for financing activities, including $75.0 million to fund a portion of our share repurchases under our $350.0 million SIB, $19.8 million to repurchase shares under our 2014 NCIB, and $28.9 million to purchase shares to settle awards under our stock-based compensation plans. During 2015, we amended our credit facility to extend its maturity to May 2020, and to add a non-revolving $250.0 million term loan (Term Loan) to the facility, in order to fund a portion of our share repurchases under the SIB. We repurchased and cancelled approximately 26.3 million subordinate voting shares for $350.0 million pursuant to the SIB during the second quarter of 2015, which we funded with the $250.0 million Term Loan, $25.0 million drawn on the revolving portion of our amended credit facility (Revolving Facility) and $75.0 million of cash. Details of the SIB are described in "Summary of 2015" above and note 12 to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements. During 2015, we made two scheduled quarterly principal repayments totaling $12.5 million under the Term Loan. During 2015, we paid finance costs of $7.8 million, including $2.1 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment of the credit facility. In addition to the completion of the $350.0 million SIB, we paid $19.8 million (including transaction fees) during 2015 to repurchase and cancel 1.7 million subordinate voting shares under our 2014 NCIB (prior to its expiry in September 2015) at a weighted average price of $11.66 per share. During 2015, we also paid $28.9 million (including transaction fees) for the trustee's purchase of 2.5 million subordinate voting shares in the open market for settlement of awards under our stock-based compensation plans (2014 — $23.9 million paid to purchase 2.2 million subordinate voting shares; 2013 — $12.8 million paid to purchase 1.3 million subordinate voting shares). During 2014, pursuant to the 2013 NCIB and the 2014 NCIB, we paid an aggregate of $90.6 million (including transaction fees) to repurchase and cancel a total of 8.5 million subordinate voting shares at a weighted average price of $10.72 per share. In December 2014, we also paid $50.0 million to a broker under a PSR for the right to receive a variable number of our subordinate voting shares upon such PSR's completion. We completed this PSR on January 28, 2015 pursuant to which we repurchased and cancelled 4.4 million subordinate voting shares at a weighted average price of $11.38 per share. During 2013, we paid $43.6 million (including transaction fees) to repurchase and cancel 4.1 million subordinate voting shares under the 2013 NCIB, at a weighted average price of $10.70 per share. During the first half of 2013, we repaid $55.0 million under the Revolving Facility that we had borrowed to fund a portion of a previous SIB completed in 2012. We are required to make quarterly payments under a finance lease agreement commencing in January 2016 (see "Cash requirements" below). These payments will reduce our non-IFRS free cash flow during the 5-year lease term. 66 Free cash flow (non-IFRS): Our non-IFRS free cash flow of $113.2 million for 2015 decreased $64.2 million compared to 2014, primarily due to a reduction in cash provided by operating activities in 2015 (discussed above), and $26.5 million in net cash advances we made to the Solar Supplier during 2015. See the section captioned "Non-IFRS Measures" below for a discussion of, among other items, the definition and components of non-IFRS free cash flow, as well as a reconciliation of this measure to cash provided by operating activities measured under IFRS. Cash requirements: We maintain a revolving credit facility, uncommitted bank overdraft facilities, and an A/R sales program to provide short-term liquidity and to have funds available for working capital and other investments to support our strategic priorities. Our working capital requirements can vary significantly from month-to-month due to a range of business factors, including the ramping of new programs, expansion of our services and business operations, timing of purchases, higher levels of inventory for new programs and anticipated customer demand, timing of payments and A/R collections, and customer forecasting variations. The international scope of our operations may also create working capital requirements in certain countries while other countries generate cash in excess of working capital needs. Moving cash between countries on a short-term basis to fund working capital is not always expedient due to local currency regulations, tax considerations, and other factors. To meet our working capital requirements and to provide short-term liquidity, we may draw on our revolving credit facility or sell A/R through our A/R sales program. The timing and the amounts we borrow or repay under these facilities can vary significantly from month-to-month depending upon our cash requirements. In addition, since our accounts receivable sales program is on an uncommitted basis, there can be no assurance that any participant bank will purchase the accounts receivable we wish to sell to them under this program. See "Capital Resources" below. We had $545.3 million in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 — $565.0 million). We believe that the Term Loan was a more cost-effective method of financing a portion of the SIB than pursuing the use of the accordion feature of our Revolving Facility to increase its maximum limit, as the principal repayments under the Term Loan do not subject us to unused line fees. We do not believe that such indebtedness, or the aggregate costs of the SIB, will have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, our results of operations or financial condition. We are required to make quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan of $6.25 million. We anticipate that interest on the Term Loan, based on current interest rates, will be approximately $2 million per quarter. Any increase in prevailing interest rates or margins could cause this amount to increase. See "Capital Resources — Financial risks — Interest rate risk" below. We believe that cash flow from operating activities, together with cash on hand, remaining availability under our Revolving Facility and intra-day and overnight bank overdraft facilities, and cash from the sale of A/R, will be sufficient to fund our currently anticipated working capital needs and planned capital spending (including the commitments described elsewhere herein). We may issue debt, convertible debt or equity securities in the future to fund operations or make acquisitions. Equity or convertible debt securities could dilute current shareholders' positions; debt or convertible debt securities could have rights and privileges senior to those of equity holders and the terms of these debt securities could impose restrictions on our operations. The pricing of any such securities would be subject to market conditions at the time of issuance. As at December 31, 2015, a significant portion of our cash and cash equivalents was held by foreign subsidiaries outside of Canada. Although substantially all of the cash and cash equivalents held outside of Canada can be repatriated, a significant portion may be subject to withholding taxes under current tax laws. While some of our subsidiaries are subject to local governmental restrictions on the flow of capital into and out of their jurisdictions (including in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances to us), these restrictions have not had a material impact on our ability to meet our cash obligations. We have not recognized deferred tax liabilities for cash and cash equivalents held by certain subsidiaries related to unremitted earnings that are considered indefinitely reinvested outside of Canada and that we do not intend to repatriate in the foreseeable future (December 31, 2015 — approximately $405 million of cash and cash equivalents; December 31, 2014 — approximately $310 million of cash and cash equivalents). 67 Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations: As at December 31, 2015, we have known contractual obligations that require future payments as follows (in millions): Borrowings under credit facility(i) Operating leases Finance leases Pension plan contributions(ii) Non-pension post-employment plan payments Purchase obligations under IT support agreements(iii) Total Total 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 $ $ $ 262.5 85.7 20.7 23.4 31.6 30.5 454.4 $ 25.0 25.6 4.8 23.4 2.9 8.3 90.0 $ 25.0 22.0 4.5 — 2.5 $ 25.0 15.4 4.5 — 2.5 $ 25.0 10.0 4.5 — 3.4 $ 162.5 5.2 2.4 — 3.0 8.2 62.2 $ 8.0 55.4 $ 6.0 48.9 — 173.1 $ $ Thereafter — $ 7.5 17.3 — — — $ 24.8 (i) Represents mandatory principal repayment obligations for our borrowings under the Revolving Facility and the Term Loan (based on amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2015), which mature concurrently on May 29, 2020, and excludes related interest and fees. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest for the period of the draw at various base rates selected by us consisting of LIBOR, Prime, Base Rate Canada, and Base Rate (each as defined in the amended credit agreement), plus a margin. Outstanding amounts under the Term Loan bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.0% to 3.0% based on a financial ratio based on indebtedness. Based on the rates and the principal amount outstanding under the Term Loan ($237.5 million) and the Revolving Facility ($25.0 million) as of December 31, 2015, interest and fees are estimated to be an aggregate of approximately $6 million to $8 million per year. Actual amounts could differ materially from these estimates. Payment defaults under the credit facility will incur interest on unpaid amounts at an annual rate equal to the sum of (i) 2%, plus (ii) the Prime Rate, in the case of overdue amounts payable in Canadian dollars, or the Base Rate Canada, in the case of overdue amounts payable in U.S. dollars. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the administrative agent may declare all advances on the facility to be immediately due and payable, and may cancel the lenders' commitments to make further advances thereunder. See "Capital Resources" below and note 11 to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements for a description of our credit facility, including amounts outstanding thereunder, repayment dates and interest obligations. (ii) Based on our latest actuarial valuations, we estimate our minimum funding requirement for 2016 to be $23.4 million (2015 — $25.3 million; 2014 — $25.8 million). See further details in note 18 to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements. A significant deterioration in the asset values or asset returns could lead to higher than expected future contributions. Risks and uncertainties associated with actuarial valuation measurements may also result in higher future cash contributions. We fund our pension contributions from cash on hand. Although we have defined benefit plans that are currently in a net unfunded position, we do not expect our pension obligations will have a material adverse impact on our future results of operations, cash flows or liquidity. (iii) Represents the minimum obligation related to IT support agreements. As at December 31, 2015, we have additional commitments that expire as follows (in millions): Foreign currency contracts(i) Letters of credit, letters of guarantee and surety bonds(ii) Capital expenditures(iii) Total Total 2016 2017 $ 776.7 $ 769.9 $ 6.8 2018 $ — 2019 $ — 2020 $ — Thereafter — $ 35.7 32.3 844.7 $ 32.5 32.3 834.7 0.7 — 7.5 $ 0.1 — 0.1 $ — — $ — — — $ — $ $ — 2.4 2.4 (i) Represents the aggregate notional amounts of our forward currency contracts. (ii) Includes $27.2 million in letters of credit that we issued under our Revolving Facility. (iii) Our capital spending varies each period based on the timing of new business wins and forecasted sales levels. Based on our current operating plans, we anticipate capital spending for 2016 to be approximately 1.0% to 1.5% of revenue, and expect to fund these expenditures from cash on hand. As at December 31, 2015, we had committed $32.3 million for capital expenditures, principally for machinery and equipment to support new customer programs. In addition, based on applicable tax incentives, we have met the related expenditure commitments as at December 31, 2015. We have other ongoing conditions for retaining these tax incentives which we currently expect to meet. 68  Cash outlays for our contractual obligations and commitments identified above are expected to be funded from cash on hand. In addition to the commitments set forth in the tables above, we also have outstanding purchase orders with suppliers for the purchase of inventory. These purchase orders are generally short-term in nature. As of December 31, 2015, our binding purchase obligations under such orders amounted to approximately $560 million. A substantial portion of the purchase orders are for standard items which we have procured for specific customers based on their purchase orders or forecasts under which such customers have contractually assumed liability for such material. Customer or program transfers between EMS providers are part of the competitive nature of our industry. From time-to-time, we make commitments to purchase assets, primarily inventory, or fund certain costs, as part of transitioning programs from a customer or a competitor. In April 2015, one of our aerospace and defense customers outsourced certain of its operations to us. We currently manage the manufacturing and repair operations for certain product lines of this customer from its site in Ontario, Canada. We assumed the workforce assigned to these operations and purchased $27.6 million of inventory in connection with the program transfer in the second quarter of 2015. We have no further purchase obligations under this agreement. We have entered into financing agreements for the lease of machinery and equipment. For leases where the risks and rewards of ownership have substantially transferred to us, we capitalize the leased asset and record a corresponding liability on our consolidated balance sheet. In relation to our global solar expansion plan described in "Overview" above, we entered into a five-year agreement in April 2015 to lease manufacturing equipment valued at up to $20.0 million to be used in our solar operations in Asia. In connection with this agreement, as of December 31, 2015, we have recorded leased assets and lease obligations of $19.0 million for equipment we received through such date (consisting of short-term obligations of $4.1 million and long-term obligations of $14.9 million). We anticipate receiving the remainder of the equipment in the first quarter of 2016. This lease agreement requires quarterly principal and interest payments commencing in January 2016. Refer to the contractual obligations table above. In March 2015, we entered into a supply agreement with the Solar Supplier which includes a commitment by us to provide cash advances of up to $31.0 million (reduced from previous estimates of up to $36.0 million) to help secure our solar cell supply. In 2015, we advanced a total of $29.5 million under this agreement, which negatively impacted our non-IFRS free cash flow for the year. All such cash advances are scheduled to be repaid by this supplier through quarterly repayment installments starting in the fourth quarter of 2015 and continuing through the end of 2017. We received cash repayment of $3.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2015. On July 23, 2015, we entered into the Property Sale Agreement to sell our real property located in Toronto, Ontario, which includes the site of our corporate headquarters and our Toronto manufacturing operations. Subject to completion of the transaction, the purchase price is approximately $137 million Canadian dollars ($98.5 million at year-end exchange rates), exclusive of applicable taxes and subject to certain adjustments. Upon execution of the Property Sale Agreement, the Property Purchaser paid us a cash deposit of $15 million Canadian dollars ($11.2 million at the then-prevailing exchange rate), which is non-refundable except in limited circumstances. Upon closing, which is subject to various conditions, including municipal approvals and is currently anticipated to occur within approximately two years from the execution date of the Property Sale Agreement, the Property Purchaser is to pay us an additional $53.5 million Canadian dollars in cash ($38.5 million at year-end exchange rates). The balance of the purchase price is to be satisfied upon closing by an interest-free, first-ranking mortgage in the amount of $68.5 million Canadian dollars ($49.3 million at year-end exchange rates) to be registered on title to the property and having a term of two years from the closing date. There can be no assurance that this transaction will be completed within the expected time period, or at all. As part of the transaction, we have agreed, upon closing, to enter into an interim lease for our existing corporate head office and manufacturing premises on a portion of the real estate for an initial two-year term on a rent-free basis (subject to certain payments including taxes and utilities), which is to be followed by a longer-term lease for our new corporate headquarters, on commercially reasonable arm's-length terms. Should the transaction close, we expect to be able to find a replacement site on commercially acceptable terms for our Toronto manufacturing operations, but there can be no assurance that this will be the case. Should the transaction close, we expect to incur significant transition costs to transfer the manufacturing operations to an alternate location and to prepare and customize the new site to meet our manufacturing needs. The costs, timing, and execution of this relocation 69 could have a material adverse impact on our business, our operating results and our financial position. See "Overview — Recent developments" above. We have granted share unit awards to employees under our stock-based compensation plans. Under one such plan, we have the option to satisfy the delivery of shares upon vesting of the awards by purchasing subordinate voting shares in the open market or by settling such awards in cash, although we currently expect to satisfy these awards with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market. The timing of, and the amounts paid for, these purchases can vary from period to period. Under our other stock-based compensation plan, we may (at the time of grant) authorize the grantee to elect to settle awards in either cash or subordinate voting shares. Absent such permitted election, grants will be settled in subordinate voting shares, which may be purchased in the open market or issued from treasury, subject to certain limits. We have funded, and expect to continue to fund, share repurchases for this purpose from cash on hand (2015 — $28.9 million; 2014 — $23.9 million; 2013 — $12.8 million). We have funded our share repurchases under our NCIBs from cash on hand, and under our SIBs from a combination of indebtedness and cash on hand. We provide routine indemnifications, the terms of which range in duration and often are not explicitly defined. These may include indemnifications against third-party intellectual property infringement claims and certain third-party negligence claims for property damage. We have also provided indemnifications in connection with the sale of certain businesses and real property. The maximum potential liability from these indemnifications cannot be reasonably estimated. In some cases, we have recourse against other parties to mitigate our risk of loss from these indemnifications. Historically, we have not made significant payments relating to these types of indemnifications. Litigation and contingencies: In the normal course of our operations, we may be subject to lawsuits, investigations and other claims, including environmental, labor, product, customer disputes and other matters. Management believes that adequate provisions have been recorded in the accounts where required. Although it is not always possible to estimate the extent of potential costs, if any, management believes that the ultimate resolution of all such pending matters will not have a material adverse impact on our financial performance, financial position or liquidity. In 2007, securities class action lawsuits were commenced against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by certain individuals, on behalf of themselves and other unnamed purchasers of our stock, claiming that they were purchasers of our stock during the period January 27, 2005 through January 30, 2007. The plaintiffs alleged violations of United States federal securities laws and sought unspecified damages. They alleged that during the purported period we made statements concerning our actual and anticipated future financial results that failed to disclose certain purportedly material adverse information with respect to demand and inventory in our Mexico operations and our information technology and communications divisions. In an amended complaint, the plaintiffs added one of our directors and Onex Corporation as defendants. On October 14, 2010, the District Court granted the defendants' motions to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint in its entirety. The plaintiffs appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit the dismissal of their claims against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers, but not as to the other defendants. In a summary order dated December 29, 2011, the Court of Appeals reversed the District Court's dismissal of the consolidated amended complaint and remanded the case to the District Court for further proceedings. Defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing the case in its entirety, and plaintiffs moved for class certification and for partial summary judgment on certain elements of their claims. In an order dated February 21, 2014, the District Court denied plaintiffs' motion for class certification because they sought to include in their proposed class persons who purchased Celestica stock in Canada. Plaintiffs renewed their motion for class certification on April 23, 2014, removing Canadian stock purchasers from their proposed class in accordance with the District Court's February 21 order. Defendants opposed plaintiffs' renewed motion on May 5, 2014 on the grounds that the plaintiffs were not adequate class representatives. On August 20, 2014, the District Court denied our motion for summary judgment. The District Court also denied the majority of 70 plaintiffs' motion for partial summary judgment, but granted plaintiffs' motion on market efficiency. The District Court also granted plaintiffs' renewed class certification motion and certified plaintiffs' revised class. On February 24, 2015, the parties reached an agreement in principle to settle the U.S. case, which was subsequently formalized in a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement dated April 17, 2015. On April 17, 2015, the plaintiffs submitted the settlement to the District Court seeking preliminary approval of the settlement and of the form of notice to be issued to class members. On May 6, 2015, the District Court preliminarily approved the settlement as fair, reasonable and adequate, and directed the issuance of notice to class members. On July 28, 2015, the District Court held a settlement approval hearing at which it granted final approval to the settlement. The time for any person to appeal the District Court's order approving the settlement has expired without any such appeal having been filed. The settlement payment to the plaintiffs was paid by our liability insurance carriers. Parallel class proceedings were initiated against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. These proceedings are not affected by the settlement discussed above. On October 15, 2012, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice granted limited aspects of the defendants' motion to strike, but dismissed the defendants' limitation period argument. The defendants' appeal of the limitation period issue was dismissed on February 3, 2014 when the Court of Appeal for Ontario overturned its own prior decision on the limitation period issue. On August 7, 2014, the defendants were granted leave to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada, together with two other cases that dealt with the limitation period issue. The Supreme Court of Canada heard the appeal on February 9, 2015. The Supreme Court of Canada released its decision on December 4, 2015, allowing the defendants' appeal and holding that the statutory claims of the plaintiff and the class under the Ontario Securities Act are barred by the applicable limitation period. In an earlier decision dated February 14, 2014, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice denied certification of the plaintiffs' common law claims. No party appealed that decision. We will be seeking our costs of the Supreme Court proceedings and the proceedings below. It is too early to assess the quantum of costs that may be awarded, if any. The Canadian plaintiff has initiated a second motion to certify its common law claims, even though those claims were denied certification in February 2014. We believe that the February 2014 decision is final and binding and that any attempt to re-open certification of the common law claims is without merit. There can be no assurance that the outcome of the lawsuit will be favorable to us or that it will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position or liquidity. In addition, we may incur substantial litigation expenses in defending the claim. As the matter is ongoing, we cannot predict its duration or the resources required. See "Income Taxes" above for a description of certain tax audits and positions, and contingencies associated therewith. Capital Resources Our capital resources consist of cash, short-term investments, access to a revolving credit facility, intraday and overnight bank overdraft facilities, an A/R sales program and capital stock. We regularly review our borrowing capacity and make adjustments, as permitted, for changes in economic conditions and changes in our requirements. We centrally manage our funding and treasury activities in accordance with corporate policies, the main objectives of which are to ensure appropriate levels of liquidity, to have funds available for working capital or other investments we determine are required to grow our business, to comply with debt covenants, to maintain adequate levels of insurance, and to balance our exposures to market risks. At December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $545.3 million (December 31, 2014 — $565.0 million), of which approximately 87% was cash and 13% consisted of cash equivalents. The majority of our cash and cash equivalents was denominated in U.S. dollars, and the remainder was held primarily in Chinese renminbi and Euro. Our current portfolio consists of bank deposits and certain money market funds that primarily hold U.S. government securities. A default by the U.S. government on such securities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The majority of our cash and cash equivalents is held with financial institutions each of which had at December 31, 2015 a Standard and Poor's short-term rating of A-1 or above. Our cash and cash equivalents are subject to intra-quarter swings, generally related to the timing of A/R collections, inventory purchases and payments, and other capital uses. 71  In the second quarter of 2015, we amended our $300.0 million revolving credit facility to add the $250.0 million non-revolving Term Loan to fund a portion of our share repurchases under the SIB. The Revolving Facility has an accordion feature that allows us to increase the $300.0 million limit by an additional $150.0 million on an uncommitted basis upon satisfaction of certain terms and conditions. The Revolving Facility also includes a $25.0 million swing line, subject to the overall credit limit, that provides for short-term borrowings up to a maximum of seven days. The Revolving Facility permits us and certain designated subsidiaries to borrow funds for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest for the period of the draw at various base rates selected by us consisting of LIBOR, Prime, Base Rate Canada, and Base Rate (each as defined in the amended credit agreement), plus a margin. The margin for borrowings under the Revolving Facility ranges from 0.6% to 1.4% (except in the case of the LIBOR base rate, in which case, the margin ranges from 1.6% to 2.4%), based on a specified financial ratio based on indebtedness. Outstanding amounts under the Revolving Facility are due at maturity (but are permitted to be repaid prior thereto, and are required to be repaid under specified circumstances). The Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.0% to 3.0% based on the same financial ratio. The Term Loan requires quarterly principal repayments of $6.25 million, with the remainder due at maturity. We are permitted to make voluntary prepayments of the Term Loan, subject to certain terms and conditions. Prepayments on the Term Loan are also required under certain circumstances. Repaid amounts on the Term Loan may not be re-borrowed. We incurred $3.9 million in interest expense under this facility in 2015. We are required to comply with certain restrictive covenants under the credit facility, including those relating to the incurrence of senior ranking indebtedness, the sale of assets, a change of control, and certain financial covenants related to indebtedness and interest coverage. Certain of our assets are pledged as security for borrowings under this facility. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the administrative agent may declare all advances on the facility to be immediately due and payable and may cancel the lenders' commitments to make further advances thereunder. At December 31, 2015, there was $262.5 million outstanding under this facility (December 31, 2014 — no amounts outstanding), and we were in compliance with all restrictive and financial covenants thereunder. The amended facility is scheduled to mature in May 2020. At December 31, 2015, we had $27.2 million (December 31, 2014 — $28.5 million) outstanding in letters of credit under the Revolving Facility. We also arrange letters of credit and surety bonds outside of the Revolving Facility. At December 31, 2015, we had $8.5 million (December 31, 2014 — $10.0 million) of such letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding. At December 31, 2015, we had $247.8 million available under the Revolving Facility for future borrowings. We also have a total of $70.0 million of uncommitted bank overdraft facilities available for intraday and overnight operating requirements. There were no amounts outstanding under these overdraft facilities at December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. We have an accounts receivable sales agreement to sell up to $250.0 million at any one time in accounts receivable on an uncommitted basis (subject to pre-determined limits by customer) to three third-party banks. Each of these banks had a Standard and Poor's short-term rating of A-2 or above and a long-term rating of BBB+ or above at December 31, 2015. The term of this agreement has been annually extended in recent years for additional one-year periods (and is currently extendable to November 2017 under specified circumstances), but may be terminated earlier as provided in the agreement. At December 31, 2015, $50.0 million (December 31, 2014 — $50.0 million) of A/R were sold under this facility, and de-recognized from our accounts receivable balance. As our A/R sales program is on an uncommitted basis, there can be no assurance that any of the banks will purchase the A/R we intend to sell to them under this program. The timing and the amounts we borrow and repay under our revolving credit and overdraft facilities, or sell under our A/R sales program, can vary significantly from month-to-month depending upon our working capital and other cash requirements. Standard and Poor's assigns a corporate credit rating to Celestica. This rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. This rating may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization. At December 31, 2015, our Standard and Poor's corporate credit rating was BB, with a stable outlook. A reduction in our credit rating or change in outlook could adversely impact our future cost of borrowing. 72  Our strategy on capital risk management has not changed significantly since the end of 2014. Other than the restrictive and financial covenants associated with our credit facility noted above, we are not subject to any contractual or regulatory capital requirements. While some of our international operations are subject to government restrictions on the flow of capital into and out of their jurisdictions, these restrictions have not had a material impact on our operations or cash flows. Financial instruments: Our short-term investment objectives are to preserve principal and to maximize yields without significantly increasing risk, while at the same time not materially restricting our short-term access to cash. To achieve these objectives, we maintain a portfolio consisting of a variety of securities, including bank deposits and certain money market funds that primarily hold U.S. government securities. The majority of our cash balances are held in U.S. dollars. We price the majority of our products in U.S. dollars and the majority of our materials costs are also denominated in U.S. dollars. However, a significant portion of our non-materials costs (including payroll, pensions, site costs and costs of locally sourced supplies and inventory) are denominated in various other currencies. As a result, we may experience foreign exchange gains or losses on translation or transactions due to currency fluctuations. We have a foreign exchange risk management policy in place to govern our hedging activities. We do not enter into speculative trades. Our current hedging activity is designed to reduce the variability of our foreign currency costs where we have local manufacturing operations. We enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge against our cash flows and significant balance sheet exposures in certain foreign currencies. Balance sheet hedges are based on our forecasts of the future position of net monetary assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and, therefore, may not mitigate the full impact of any translation impacts in the future. There can be no assurance that our hedging transactions will be successful in mitigating our foreign exchange risk. At December 31, 2015, we had forward exchange contracts to trade U.S. dollars in exchange for the following currencies: Currency Canadian dollar Thai baht Malaysian ringgit Mexican peso British pound Chinese renminbi Euro Romanian leu Singapore dollar Other Total Contract amount in U.S. dollars (in millions) Weighted average exchange rate of U.S. dollars Maximum period in months Fair value gain (loss) (in millions) $ $ $ 279.6 98.4 73.7 27.6 129.0 74.6 52.9 14.7 21.2 5.0 776.7 0.76 0.03 0.25 0.06 1.50 0.15 1.11 0.25 0.72 14 12 12 14 4 12 12 12 12 4 $ (13.7) (4.4) (4.1) (1.4) 1.3 (1.0) 0.3 (0.5) (0.5) — $ (24.0) These contracts, which generally extend for periods of up to 15 months, will expire by the end of the first quarter of 2017. The fair value of the outstanding contracts at December 31, 2015 was a net unrealized loss of $24.0 million (December 31, 2014 — net unrealized loss of $15.0 million). The unrealized gains or losses are a result of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between the date the currency forward contracts were entered into and the valuation date at period end. Financial risks: We are exposed to a variety of risks associated with financial instruments and otherwise. 73  Currency risk: Due to the global nature of our operations, we are exposed to exchange rate fluctuations on our cash receipts, cash payments and balance sheet exposures denominated in various currencies. The majority of our currency risk is driven by operational costs, including income tax expense, incurred in local currencies by our subsidiaries. Although our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, currency risk on our income tax expense arises as we are generally required to file our tax returns in the local currency for each particular country in which we have operations. We attempt to mitigate currency risk through a hedging program using forecasts of our anticipated future cash flows and balance sheet exposures denominated in foreign currencies. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. While our hedging program is designed to mitigate currency risk vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar, we remain subject to taxable foreign exchange impacts in our translated local currency financial results relevant for tax reporting purposes. Interest rate risk: Borrowings under our credit facility bear interest at specified rates, plus specified margins (as described above). Our borrowings under this facility, which at December 31, 2015 totalled $262.5 million, expose us to interest rate risk due to potential increases to the specified rates and margins. A one-percentage point increase in these rates would increase interest expense, based on outstanding borrowings of $262.5 million at December 31, 2015, by $2.6 million annually. Credit risk: Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty may default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to us. We believe our credit risk of counterparty non-performance is low. With respect to our financial market activities, we have adopted a policy of dealing only with credit-worthy counterparties to help mitigate the risk of financial loss from defaults. To attempt to mitigate the risk of financial loss from defaults under our foreign currency forward exchange contracts, our contracts are held by counterparty financial institutions, each of which had at December 31, 2015 a Standard and Poor's rating of A-2 or above. In addition, we maintain cash and short-term investments in highly rated investments or on deposit with major financial institutions. Each financial institution with which we have our A/R sales program had a Standard and Poor's short-term rating of A-2 or above and a long-term rating of BBB+ or above at December 31, 2015. Each financial institution from which annuities have been purchased for the defined benefit component of a pension plan had an A.M. Best or Standard and Poor's long-term rating of A or above at December 31, 2015. We also provide unsecured credit to our customers in the normal course of business. We attempt to mitigate this credit risk by monitoring our customers' financial condition and performing ongoing credit evaluations as appropriate. We consider credit risk in determining our allowance for doubtful accounts and we believe our allowances are adequate. Liquidity risk: Liquidity risk is the risk that we may not have cash available to satisfy our financial obligations as they come due. The majority of our financial liabilities recorded in accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and provisions are due within 90 days. We believe that cash flow from operating activities, together with cash on hand, cash from the sale of A/R, and borrowings available under our Revolving Facility and intraday and overnight bank overdraft facilities are sufficient to fund our currently anticipated financial obligations. See note 20 to our 2015 audited consolidated financial statements for further details. Related Party Transactions Onex Corporation (Onex) beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, all of our outstanding multiple voting shares. Accordingly, Onex has the ability to exercise significant influence over our business and affairs and generally has the power to determine all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders where the subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares vote together as a single class. Mr. Gerald Schwartz, the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Onex, is also one of our directors, and holds, directly or indirectly, shares representing the majority of the voting rights of Onex. We had manufacturing and services agreements with two companies related to or under the control of Onex during 2013, and we recorded aggregate revenue of $10.8 million from these two companies in that year. At December 31, 2013, we had no amounts due from either of these two companies. These contracts each terminated in 2013. All transactions with these related companies were executed in the normal course of operations and were recorded at the exchange amounts as agreed to by the parties based on arm's length terms. 74  In January 2009, we entered into a Services Agreement with Onex for the services of Mr. Schwartz as a director of Celestica. The initial term of this agreement was one year and it automatically renews for successive one-year terms unless either party provides a notice of intent not to renew. Onex receives compensation under the Services Agreement in an amount equal to $200,000 per year, payable in DSUs in equal quarterly installments in arrears. Also see discussion in "Overview — Toronto Real Property Transaction" above for a description of the Property Sale Agreement (and expected lease arrangements) with respect to our real property located in Toronto, Ontario (which includes our corporate headquarters and our Toronto manufacturing operations), for a purchase price of approximately $137.0 million Canadian dollars ($98.5 million at year-end exchange rates), exclusive of applicable taxes and subject to certain adjustments. Approximately 30% of the interests in the Property Purchaser are to be held by a privately-held company in which Mr. Schwartz has a material interest. Mr. Schwartz also has a non-voting interest in an entity which is to have an approximate 25% interest in the Property Purchaser. Given the interest in the transaction by a related party, our board of directors formed a Special Committee, consisting solely of independent directors, which retained its own independent legal counsel, to review and supervise a competitive bidding process. The Special Committee, after considering, among other factors, that the purchase price for the property exceeded the valuation provided by an independent appraiser, determined that the Property Purchaser's transaction terms were in the best interests of Celestica. Our board of directors, at a meeting where Mr. Schwartz was not present, approved the transaction based on the unanimous recommendation of the Special Committee. Outstanding Share Data As of February 10, 2016, we had 124,526,576 outstanding subordinate voting shares and 18,946,368 outstanding multiple voting shares. As of such date, we also had 2,930,668 outstanding stock options, 4,249,634 outstanding RSUs, 6,118,874 outstanding PSUs (assuming a maximum payout), and 1,284,798 outstanding DSUs, each such option or unit entitling the holder thereof to receive one subordinate voting share (or in certain cases, cash) pursuant to the terms thereof (subject to certain time or performance-based vesting conditions). Controls and Procedures Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures: Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the U.S. Exchange Act) designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the U.S. Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the U.S. Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Under the supervision of and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to meet the requirements of Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the U.S. Exchange Act. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives are met. Due to inherent limitations in all such systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues within a company have been detected. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met. 75 Changes in internal control over financial reporting: We did not identify any change in our internal control over financial reporting in connection with our evaluation, as required by paragraph (d) of U.S. Exchange Act Rule 13a-15 or 15d-15, that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Management's report on internal control over financial reporting: Reference is made to our Management's Report on page F-1 of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015. Our auditors, KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, have issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. This report appears on page F-2 of such Annual Report. Unaudited Quarterly Financial Highlights (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts): Revenue Gross profit % Net earnings (loss) Weighted average # of basic shares Weighted average # of diluted shares # of shares outstanding IFRS earnings (loss) per share: basic diluted Comparability quarter-to-quarter: 2014 2015 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter $ $ $ $ 1,312.4 6.9% 37.3 180.8 182.6 180.5 0.21 0.20 $ $ $ $ 1,471.5 7.1% 40.9 179.6 182.0 178.8 0.23 0.22 $ $ $ $ 1,423.1 7.4% 34.4 177.5 179.6 176.7 0.19 0.19 $ $ $ $ 1,424.3 7.3% (4.4) 175.6 175.6 174.6 (0.03) (0.03) $ $ $ $ 1,298.5 7.0% 19.7 172.3 174.3 169.2 0.11 0.11 $ $ $ $ 1,417.3 6.9% 24.2 164.9 166.9 142.9 0.15 0.14 $ $ $ $ 1,408.5 7.2% 10.9 143.0 145.3 143.0 0.08 0.08 $ $ $ $ 1,514.9 6.7% 12.1 143.1 145.2 143.5 0.08 0.08 The quarterly data reflects the following: the fourth quarters of 2014 and 2015 include the results of our annual impairment testing of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment; and the second, third and fourth quarters of 2015 were impacted by our restructuring actions. The amounts attributable to these items vary from quarter-to-quarter. Fourth quarter 2015 compared to fourth quarter 2014: Revenue for the fourth quarter of 2015 increased 6% compared to the same period in 2014. Compared to revenue from our end markets in the fourth quarter of 2014, revenue dollars in the fourth quarter of 2015 from our diversified end market increased 18%, primarily due to the ramping of new solar programs in Asia and the aerospace and defense program outsourced to us in 2015 (discussed above); revenue dollars from our servers end market increased 11%, primarily driven by strong customer demand and a new program ramp; and revenue dollars from our communications end market increased 2%. Compared to the same period in 2014, revenue dollars from our consumer end market decreased 10% in the fourth quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower customer demand, and revenue dollars from our storage end market remained relatively flat in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to the prior year period. Despite the revenue increase in the fourth quarter of 2015, gross profit decreased 3% from $104.5 million (7.3% of total revenue) in the fourth quarter of 2014 to $101.3 million (6.7% of total revenue) in the fourth quarter of 2015, primarily due to the costs incurred in the fourth quarter of 2015 to ramp our solar programs in Asia (discussed above), which accounted for approximately 30 basis points of such decrease. In addition, the impact of changes in program mix more than offset the gross profit improvements we made in our semiconductor business in the fourth quarter of 2015 as compared to the prior year period. We generated net earnings of $12.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to net loss of $4.4 million in the same period in 2014, primarily due to higher impairment charges recorded in the fourth quarter of 2014. 76 Fourth quarter 2015 compared to third quarter 2015: Revenue of $1.5 billion for the fourth quarter of 2015 increased 8% compared to the third quarter of 2015. Compared to the previous quarter, revenue dollars from our servers end market increased 31% sequentially, primarily driven by strong customer demand and a new program ramp; revenue dollars from our storage end market increased 20% sequentially, primarily due to the increase in customer demand we typically experience in this end market in the fourth quarter and revenue dollars from our diversified end market increased 6% sequentially, primarily due to the ramping of new solar programs in Asia, which more than offset softer demand in our semiconductor business during the fourth quarter of 2015 as compared to the previous quarter. Revenue dollars from our communications and consumer end markets remained relatively flat in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to the previous quarter. Despite the 8% sequential revenue growth, gross profit in the fourth quarter of 2015 remained relatively flat compared to the previous quarter, and gross margin decreased from 7.2% of total revenue in the previous quarter to 6.7% of total revenue in the fourth quarter of 2015, negatively impacted by the costs we incurred in the fourth quarter of 2015 in ramping our solar operations in Asia, which accounted for approximately 30 basis points, as well as changes in overall mix. Net earnings for the fourth quarter of 2015 of $12.1 million were relatively flat compared to the previous quarter. Fourth quarter 2015 actual compared to guidance: IFRS net earnings per share for the fourth quarter of 2015 were $0.08 on a diluted basis, negatively impacted by a non-cash impairment charge of $0.08 per share on the property, plant and equipment of our Japan and Spain CGUs. IFRS net earnings per share for the fourth quarter of 2015 also reflected an aggregate charge of $0.08 (pre-tax) per share comprised of employee stock-based compensation expense and amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software), which is within the guidance we provided on October 20, 2015 of an aggregate charge of between $0.06 and $0.12 per share for these items. On October 20, 2015, we provided the following guidance for the fourth quarter of 2015: IFRS revenue (in billions) Non-IFRS adjusted net earnings per share (diluted) Q4 2015 Guidance $1.375 to $1.475 $0.27 to $0.33 Actual $ $ 1.51 0.27 For the fourth quarter of 2015, revenue of $1.51 billion was above our guidance range, primarily due to stronger than expected customer demand in our storage and servers end markets and the ramp of our solar programs. Our non-IFRS adjusted net earnings per share of $0.27 per share for the fourth quarter of 2015 was at the low end of our guidance range, primarily due to higher than expected costs incurred in connection with the expansion of our solar business and increased income tax expense. Our guidance includes a range for adjusted net earnings per share (which is a non-IFRS measure and is defined below). Management considers non-IFRS adjusted net earnings per share to be an important measure for investors to understand our core operating performance. A reconciliation of non-IFRS adjusted net earnings to IFRS net earnings is set forth below. Non-IFRS measures: Management uses adjusted net earnings and the other non-IFRS measures described herein (i) to assess operating performance and the effective use and allocation of resources, (ii) to provide more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of operating results, (iii) to enhance investors' understanding of the core operating results of our business, and (iv) to set management incentive targets. We believe the non-IFRS measures we present herein are useful to investors, as they enable investors to evaluate and compare our results from operations and cash resources generated from our business in a more consistent manner (by excluding specific items that we do not consider to be reflective of our ongoing operating results) and provide an analysis of operating results using the same measures our chief operating decision makers use to measure performance. The non-IFRS financial measures that can be reconciled to IFRS measures result largely from management's determination that the facts and circumstances surrounding the excluded charges or recoveries are not indicative of the ordinary course of the ongoing operation of our business. 77  We believe investors use both IFRS and non-IFRS measures to assess management's past, current and future decisions associated with our priorities and our allocation of capital, as well as to analyze how our business operates in, or responds to, swings in economic cycles or to other events that impact our core operations. In addition to cash cycle days (including the components thereof) and inventory turns (each described under the caption "Other Performance Indicators" above), our non-IFRS measures consist of: adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin (adjusted gross profit as a percentage of revenue), adjusted SG&A, adjusted SG&A as a percentage of revenue, operating earnings (adjusted EBIAT), operating margin (operating earnings as a percentage of revenue), adjusted net earnings, adjusted net earnings per share, net invested capital, ROIC, and free cash flow. Adjusted EBIAT, net invested capital, ROIC and free cash flow are further described in the tables below. In calculating these non-IFRS financial measures, management excludes the following items, where applicable: employee stock-based compensation expense, amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software), restructuring and other charges, net of recoveries (most significantly restructuring charges), the write-down of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, and gains or losses related to the repurchase of our securities, net of tax adjustments and significant deferred tax write-offs or recoveries associated with restructuring actions or restructured sites. Non-IFRS measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Non-IFRS measures are not measures of performance under IFRS and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any standardized measure under IFRS. The most significant limitation to management's use of non-IFRS financial measures is that the charges or credits excluded from the non-IFRS measures are nonetheless charges or credits that are recognized under IFRS and that have an economic impact on us. Management compensates for these limitations primarily by issuing IFRS results to show a complete picture of our performance, and reconciling non-IFRS results back to IFRS results where a comparable IFRS measure exists. The economic substance of these exclusions and management's rationale for excluding them from non-IFRS financial measures is provided below: Employee stock-based compensation expense, which represents the estimated fair value of stock options, RSUs and PSUs granted to employees, is excluded because grant activities vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter in both quantity and fair value. In addition, excluding this expense allows us to better compare core operating results with those of our competitors who also generally exclude employee stock-based compensation expense from their core operating results, who may have different granting patterns and types of equity awards, and who may use different valuation assumptions than we do. Amortization charges (excluding computer software) consist of non-cash charges against intangible assets that are impacted by the timing and magnitude of acquired businesses. Amortization of intangible assets varies among our competitors, and we believe that excluding these charges permits a better comparison of core operating results with those of our competitors who also generally exclude amortization charges. Restructuring and other charges, net of recoveries, include costs relating to employee severance, lease terminations, site closings and consolidations, write-downs of owned property and equipment which are no longer used and are available for sale, reductions in infrastructure, and acquisition-related transaction costs. We exclude restructuring and other charges, net of recoveries, because we believe that they are not directly related to ongoing operating results and do not reflect expected future operating expenses after completion of these activities. We believe these exclusions permit a better comparison of our core operating results with those of our competitors who also generally exclude these charges, net of recoveries, in assessing operating performance. Impairment charges, which consist of non-cash charges against goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, result primarily when the carrying value of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Our competitors may record impairment charges at different times, and we believe that excluding these charges permits a better comparison of our core operating results with those of our competitors who also generally exclude these charges in assessing operating performance. Gains or losses related to the repurchase of our securities are excluded, as we believe that these gains or losses do not reflect core operating performance and vary significantly among those of our competitors who also generally exclude these gains or losses in assessing operating performance. 78  Significant deferred tax write-offs or recoveries associated with restructuring actions or restructured sites are excluded, as we believe that these write-offs or recoveries do not reflect core operating performance and vary significantly among those of our competitors who also generally exclude these charges or recoveries in assessing operating performance. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the various non-IFRS measures discussed above, and a reconciliation of IFRS to non-IFRS measures, where a comparable IFRS measure exists (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts): Three months ended December 31 2014 % of revenue 2015 % of revenue IFRS revenue IFRS gross profit Employee stock-based compensation expense Non-IFRS adjusted gross profit IFRS SG&A Employee stock-based compensation expense Non-IFRS adjusted SG&A IFRS earnings before income taxes Finance costs Employee stock-based compensation expense Amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software) Impairment, restructuring and other charges Non-IFRS operating earnings (adjusted EBIAT)(1) IFRS net earnings (loss) Employee stock-based compensation expense Amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software) Impairment, restructuring and other charges Adjustments for taxes(2) Non-IFRS adjusted net earnings Diluted EPS Weighted average # of shares (in millions) used for IFRS earnings (loss) per share IFRS earnings (loss) per share Weighted average # of shares (in millions) used for non-IFRS adjusted earnings per share* Non-IFRS adjusted net earnings per share # of shares outstanding at period end (in millions) IFRS cash provided by operations Purchase of property, plant and equipment, net of sales proceeds Deposit on anticipated sale of real property Net repayments from (advances to) solar supplier Finance costs paid Non-IFRS free cash flow(3) Non-IFRS ROIC %(4) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,424.3 104.5 3.0 107.5 52.9 (2.9) 50.0 5.7 1.0 5.9 1.5 37.4 51.5 (4.4 ) 5.9 1.5 37.4 (0.1) 40.3 175.6 (0.03) 177.6 0.23 174.6 78.0 (15.8) — — (2.2) 60.0 20.8% 7.3% 7.5% 3.7% 3.5% 3.6% (0.3)% $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,514.9 101.3 4.3 105.6 51.8 (6.5) 45.3 23.8 2.6 10.8 1.5 14.3 53.0 12.1 10.8 1.5 14.3 0.2 38.9 145.2 0.08 145.2 0.27 143.5 92.0 (15.4) — 1.8 (2.4) 76.0 21.4% 6.7% 7.0% 3.4% 3.0% 3.5% 0.8% $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Year ended December 31 2014 % of revenue 5,631.3 7.2% 7.4% 3.7% 3.5% 3.5% 1.9% — 405.4 13.4 418.8 210.3 (15.0) 195.3 124.6 3.1 28.4 6.3 37.1 199.5 108.2 28.4 6.3 37.1 (0.5) 179.5 180.4 0.60 180.4 1.00 174.6 241.5 (59.9) — — (4.2) 177.4 19.5% $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2015 % of revenue 5,639.2 6.9% 7.2% 3.7% 3.3% 3.5% 1.2% 391.1 16.3 407.4 207.5 (21.3) 186.2 109.1 6.3 37.6 6.0 35.8 194.8 66.9 37.6 6.0 35.8 (1.3) 145.0 157.9 0.42 157.9 0.92 143.5 196.3 (60.0) 11.2 (26.5) (7.8) 113.2 19.8% * Non-IFRS adjusted net earnings per share is calculated by dividing non-IFRS adjusted net earnings by the number of diluted weighted average shares outstanding. Because we reported a net loss on an IFRS basis in the fourth quarter of 2014, the calculation of IFRS diluted weighted average shares outstanding for such period excludes 2.0 million shares underlying stock-based awards that were in-the-money as at December 31, 2014, as the effect of these shares would be anti-dilutive. We included the dilutive effects of these 79 shares in the calculation of the weighted average number of shares outstanding used to calculate non-IFRS adjusted net earnings (per diluted share) for the fourth quarter of 2014, because their effects were dilutive in relation to this measure. (1) Management uses non-IFRS operating earnings (adjusted EBIAT) as a measure to assess our operational performance related to our core operations. Non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT is defined as earnings before finance costs (consisting of interest and fees related to our credit facilities and accounts receivable sales program), amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software) and income taxes. Non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT also excludes, in periods where such charges have been recorded, employee stock-based compensation expense, restructuring and other charges, net of recoveries, gains or losses related to the repurchase of our securities, and impairment charges. (2) The adjustments for taxes, as applicable, represent the tax effects on the non-IFRS adjustments and significant deferred tax write-offs or recoveries associated with restructuring actions or restructured sites that management considers not to be reflective of our core operating performance. (3) Management uses non-IFRS free cash flow as a measure, in addition to IFRS cash flow from operations, to assess our operational cash flow performance. We believe non-IFRS free cash flow provides another level of transparency to our liquidity. Non-IFRS free cash flow is defined as cash provided by or used in operating activities after the purchase of property, plant and equipment (net of proceeds from the sale of certain surplus equipment and property), advances to (or repayments from) a solar supplier, and finance costs paid. Non-IFRS free cash flow also includes the cash deposit we received in the third quarter of 2015 upon execution of the Property Sale Agreement (discussed above). (4) Management uses non-IFRS ROIC as a measure to assess the effectiveness of the invested capital we use to build products or provide services to our customers, by quantifying how well we generate earnings relative to the capital we have invested in our business. Our non-IFRS ROIC measure reflects non-IFRS operating earnings, working capital management and asset utilization. Non-IFRS ROIC is calculated by dividing non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT by average non-IFRS net invested capital. Net invested capital (calculated in the table below) is a non-IFRS measure and consists of the following IFRS measures: total assets less cash, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and provisions, and income taxes payable. We use a two-point average to calculate average non-IFRS net invested capital for the quarter and a five-point average to calculate average non-IFRS net invested capital for the year. There is no comparable measure under IFRS. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our calculation of non-IFRS ROIC % (in millions, except ROIC %): Non-IFRS operating earnings (adjusted EBIAT) Multiplier Annualized non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT Average non-IFRS net invested capital for the period Non-IFRS ROIC %(1) Three months ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2014 2015 2014 2015 $ $ $ 51.5 4 206.0 990.4 20.8% $ $ $ 53.0 4 212.0 992.5 21.4% $ $ $ 199.5 1 199.5 1,021.8 19.5% $ $ $ 194.8 1 194.8 984.0 19.8% Non-IFRS net invested capital consists of: Total assets Less: cash Less: accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities, provisions and income taxes payable Non-IFRS net invested capital at period end(1) $ $ December 31 2014 March 31 2015 June 30 2015 September 30 2015 December 31 2015 2,579.3 569.2 1,044.8 965.3 $ $ 2,624.7 496.8 1,122.3 1,005.6 $ $ 2,603.6 495.7 1,085.3 1,022.6 $ $ 2,612.0 545.3 1,104.3 962.4 2,583.6 565.0 1,054.3 964.3 $ $ 80 December 31 2013 March 31 2014 June 30 2014 September 30 2014 December 31 2014 Non-IFRS net invested capital consists of: Total assets Less: cash Less: accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities, provisions and income taxes payable Non-IFRS net invested capital at period end(1) $ $ 2,638.9 544.3 1,109.2 985.4 $ $ 2,590.7 489.2 1,035.7 1,065.8 $ $ 2,673.3 519.1 1,077.2 1,077.0 $ $ 2,666.3 578.2 1,071.7 1,016.4 $ $ 2,583.6 565.0 1,054.3 964.3 (1) Management uses non-IFRS ROIC as a measure to assess the effectiveness of the invested capital we use to build products or provide services to our customers, by quantifying how well we generate earnings relative to the capital we have invested in our business. Our non-IFRS ROIC measure reflects non-IFRS operating earnings, working capital management and asset utilization. Non-IFRS ROIC is calculated by dividing non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT by average non-IFRS net invested capital. Net invested capital is a non-IFRS measure and consists of the following IFRS measures: total assets less cash, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and provisions, and income taxes payable. We use a two-point average to calculate average non-IFRS net invested capital for the quarter and a five-point average to calculate average non-IFRS net invested capital for the year. There is no comparable measure under IFRS. Recent Accounting Developments: IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: In May 2014, the IASB issued this standard which provides a single, principles-based five-step model for revenue recognition to be applied to all customer contracts, and requires enhanced disclosures. The IASB recently confirmed a one-year deferral of this standard, which will now be effective January 1, 2018 and allows early adoption. We do not intend to adopt this standard early and are currently evaluating the anticipated impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements. IFRS 9, Financial Instruments: In July 2014, the IASB issued a final version of this standard which replaces IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier adoption permitted. The standard introduces a new model for the classification and measurement of financial assets, a single expected credit loss model for the measurement of the impairment of financial assets, and a new model for hedge accounting that is aligned with a company's risk management activities. We do not intend to adopt this standard early and are currently evaluating the anticipated impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements. IFRS 16, Leases: In January 2016, the IASB issued this standard which brings most leases on-balance sheet for lessees under a single model, eliminating the distinction between operating and finance leases. IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17, Leases , and related interpretations and is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted if IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , has also been applied. We do not intend to adopt this standard early and are currently evaluating the anticipated impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements. Research and development, patents and licenses, etc. The information required by this item is set forth above in Item 3(A) "Key Information — Selected Financial Data" in the Company — Business Overview — Research and Technology footnote 2, and Development". in Item 4(B) "Information on 81 Trend Information The information required by this item is set forth above in "Overview", "Operating Results," and "Liquidity and Capital Resources", in Item 3(D) "Key Information — Risk Factors", and in Item 4(B) "Information on the Company — Business Overview". Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Not applicable. Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees A. Directors and Senior Management Each director of Celestica is elected by the shareholders to serve until close of the next annual meeting of shareholders or until a successor is elected or appointed, unless such office is earlier vacated in accordance with the Corporation's by-laws. The following table sets forth certain information regarding the current directors and executive officers of Celestica as of February 10, 2016. Name William A. Etherington* Daniel P. DiMaggio Laurette T. Koellner Joseph M. Natale Carol S. Perry Eamon J. Ryan Gerald W. Schwartz Michael M. Wilson Robert A. Mionis** Name Darren G. Myers Elizabeth L. DelBianco Glen D. McIntosh John ("Jack") J. Lawless*** Michael P. McCaughey Arpad Hevizi Age 74 65 61 51 65 70 74 64 52 Director Since Position with Celestica 2001 Chair of the Board and Director 2010 Director 2009 Director 2012 Director 2013 Director 2008 Director 1998 Director 2011 Director 2015 Director, President and Chief Executive Officer Residence Ontario, Canada Georgia, U.S. Florida, U.S. Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada Alberta, Canada Arizona, U.S. Age Officer Since Position with Celestica 42 56 54 55 53 44 Residence Ontario, Canada 2012 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 1998 Executive Vice President, Chief Legal and Ontario, Canada Administrative Officer and Corporate Secretary 2011 Executive Vice President, Global Operations Ontario, Canada and Supply Chain Management 2015 Executive Vice President, Diversified Georgia, U.S. Markets 2007 Executive Vice President, Communications, Enterprise and Managed Services Québec, Canada 2014 Senior Vice President and Chief Information Florida, U.S. Officer * Chair of the Board since April 2012 ** Executive officer since August 2015, replacing Craig H. Muhlhauser *** Executive officer since October 2015, replacing Michael L. Andrade 82  The following is a brief biography of each of Celestica's directors and executive officers: William A. Etherington. Mr. Etherington is a corporate director. In addition to being the Chair of the Board of Celestica, he is also a director of Onex* and of SS&C Technologies, Inc., each of which is a public company, and of St. Michael's Hospital. He is a former director and non-executive Chairman of the board of directors of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (a public company). In 2001, Mr. Etherington retired as Senior Vice President and Group Executive, Sales and Distribution, IBM Corporation (a public company), and as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of IBM World Trade Corporation. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering and a Doctor of Laws (Hon.) from Western University. * Onex holds an approximate 79% voting interest in Celestica. See "Controlling Shareholder Interest" under Item 4(B) above. Daniel P. DiMaggio. Mr. DiMaggio is a corporate director. Prior to retiring in 2006, he spent 35 years with United Parcel Services ("UPS") (a public company), most recently as Chief Executive Officer of the UPS Worldwide Logistics Group. Prior to leading UPS' Worldwide Logistics Group, Mr. DiMaggio held a number of positions at UPS with increasing responsibility, including leadership roles for the UPS International Marketing Group, as well as the Industrial Engineering function. In addition to his senior leadership roles at UPS, Mr. DiMaggio was a member of the board of directors of Greatwide Logistics Services, Inc.* and CEVA Logistics (a public company). He holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the Lowell Technological Institute (now the University of Massachusetts Lowell). * Mr. DiMaggio was serving as a director of Greatwide Logistics Services, Inc., a privately held company, when that entity filed for bankruptcy in 2008. Laurette T. Koellner. Ms. Koellner is a corporate director. She most recently served as Executive Chairman of International Lease Finance Corporation, an aircraft leasing subsidiary of American International Group, Inc. ("AIG") from 2012 until its sale in 2014. Ms. Koellner retired as President of Boeing International, a division of The Boeing Company, in 2008. While at Boeing, she was a member of the Office of the Chairman and served as the Executive Vice President, Internal Services, Chief Human Resources and Administrative Officer, President of Shared Services, and Corporate Controller. Ms. Koellner currently serves on the board of directors of Papa John's International, Inc., The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, and Nucor Corporation, all public companies. Ms. Koellner previously served on the board of directors and was the Chair of the Audit Committee of Hillshire Brands Company (a public company, formerly Sara Lee Corporation and now merged with Tyson Foods, Inc.), and on the board of directors of AIG (a public company). She holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Management from the University of Central Florida and a Masters of Business Administration from Stetson University, as well as a Certified Professional Contracts Manager designation from the National Contracts Management Association. Joseph M. Natale. Mr. Natale is a corporate director. He served as the President and Chief Executive Officer, and a director, of TELUS Corporation, a public telecommunication services company, between May 2014 and August 2015, having joined the company in 2003. Prior to this role, and since May 2010, Mr. Natale served as Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer of TELUS Corporation. Prior to 2003, Mr. Natale held successive senior leadership roles within KPMG Consulting, which he joined after it acquired the company he co-founded, PNO Management Consultants Inc., in 1997. Mr. Natale served on the board of directors of KPMG Canada in 1998 and 1999. Mr. Natale is a member of the board of directors of Gibraltar Growth Corporation, a public company, and Soulpepper Theatre, and acted as Technology & Telecommunications Chair for United Way Toronto's 2014 Campaign Cabinet. He is a past recipient of Canada's Top 40 Under 40 Award and holds a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Waterloo. Carol S. Perry. Ms. Perry is a corporate director. She is Chair of the Independent Review Committee of the mutual funds managed by 1832 Asset Management L.P., a mutual fund manager and wholly-owned affiliate of The Bank of Nova Scotia. Previously, she was a Commissioner of the Ontario Securities Commission, and has served on adjudicative panels and acted as a director and Chair of its Governance and Nominating Committee. With over 20 years of experience in the investment industry as an investment banker, Ms. Perry held senior positions with leading financial services companies including RBC Capital Markets, Richardson Greenshields of Canada Limited and CIBC World Markets and later founded MaxxCap Corporate Finance Inc., a financial advisory firm. She is a former director of Softchoice Corporation, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and DALSA Corporation. Ms. Perry has a Bachelor of Engineering Science (Electrical) degree from the University of Western Ontario and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Toronto. She also holds the professional designation ICD.D from the Institute of Corporate Directors. 83  Eamon J. Ryan. Mr. Ryan is a corporate director. He is the former Vice President and General Manager, Europe, Middle East and Africa for Lexmark International Inc. (a public company). Prior to that, he was the Vice President and General Manager, Printing Services and Solutions Manager, Europe, Middle East and Africa. Mr. Ryan joined Lexmark International Inc. in 1991 as the President of Lexmark Canada. Prior to that, he spent 22 years at IBM Canada, where he held a number of sales and marketing roles in its Office Products and Large Systems divisions. Mr. Ryan's last role at IBM Canada was Director of Operations for its Public Sector, a role he held from 1986 to 1990. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Western Ontario. Gerald W. Schwartz. Mr. Schwartz is the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Onex, a public company.* He is also a director of Indigo Books & Music Inc., and an honorary director of the Bank of Nova Scotia (each public companies). Mr. Schwartz was inducted into the Canadian Business Hall of Fame in 2004 and was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2006. Mr. Schwartz is Vice Chairman of Mount Sinai Hospital and is a director, governor or trustee of a number of other organizations, including Junior Achievement of Toronto and The Simon Wiesenthal Center. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree and a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Manitoba, a Master of Business Administration degree from the Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, a Doctor of Laws (Hon.) from St. Francis Xavier University and a Doctor of Philosophy (Hon.) from Tel Aviv University. * Onex holds an approximate 79% voting interest in Celestica. See "Controlling Shareholder Interest" under Item 4(B) above. Michael M. Wilson. Mr. Wilson is a corporate director. Until his retirement in December 2013, he was the President and Chief Executive Officer, and a director, of Agrium Inc. (a public agricultural crop inputs company), and has over 30 years of international and executive management experience. Prior to joining Agrium Inc., Mr. Wilson served as President of Methanex Corporation (a public company), and held various senior positions in North America and Asia during his 18 years with The Dow Chemical Company (a public company). Mr. Wilson also currently serves on the board of directors of Air Canada, Finning International Inc. and Suncor Energy Inc. (each a public company), and is also the Chair of the Calgary Prostate Cancer Centre. He holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Waterloo. Robert A. Mionis. Mr. Mionis is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. From July 2013 until August 2015, he was an Operating Partner at Pamplona Capital Management (Pamplona), a global private equity firm focused on companies in the industrial, aerospace, healthcare and automotive segments. Before joining Pamplona, Mr. Mionis spent over six years as the President and CEO of StandardAero, a global aerospace maintenance, repair and overhaul company. Before StandardAero, Mr. Mionis held senior leadership roles at Honeywell, most recently as the head of the Integrated Supply Chain Organization for Honeywell Aerospace. Prior to Honeywell, Mr. Mionis held a variety of progressively senior leadership roles with General Electric (GE) and Axcelis Technologies (each a public company) and AlliedSignal. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts. Darren G. Myers. Mr. Myers is Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. In this role, he is responsible for overseeing Celestica's accounting, financial and investor relations functions. In addition, he has responsibility for implementing a global business service function for the Corporation, with the goal of improving efficiencies across the organization. Mr. Myers also leads Celestica's corporate development organization which focuses on creating value through acquisitions and partnerships. Mr. Myers joined Celestica in 2000 and has held numerous financial roles of increasing responsibility. Mr. Myers left Celestica and joined Bell Canada during the period of 2006-2008, where he was the Vice President of Finance for their Small and Medium Business Division. He re-joined Celestica in 2008, and prior to his 2012 appointment to Chief Financial Officer, he was the Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller with responsibilities including external reporting, corporate tax, investor relations and all corporate finance and treasury-related matters. Prior to joining Celestica, Mr. Myers held various roles at PricewaterhouseCoopers. Mr. Myers holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) degree from McMaster University and is a Chartered Professional Accountant (Chartered Accountant). 84  Elizabeth L. DelBianco. Ms. DelBianco is Executive Vice President, Chief Legal and Administrative Officer and Corporate Secretary. In this role, she oversees human resources, legal, contracts, communications and sustainability. Ms. DelBianco joined Celestica in 1998 and since that time has been responsible for managing legal, governance, and compliance matters for Celestica on a global basis. In March 2007, Ms. DelBianco assumed the leadership of the global human resources function. In this role, she oversees all human resources policies and practices and leads Celestica's efforts to attract, develop and retain key talent. Her role also includes responsibility for overseeing Celestica's global communications and sustainability organizations. Prior to joining Celestica, Ms. DelBianco was a senior corporate legal advisor in the telecommunications industry. She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto, a Bachelor of Laws degree from Queen's University, and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Western Ontario. She is admitted to practice in Ontario and New York. Glen D. McIntosh. Mr. McIntosh is Executive Vice President, Global Operations and Supply Chain Management. In this role, he is responsible for the strategy and execution of Celestica's operations and supply chain network across North America, Europe and Asia. Previously, he was Celestica's Senior Vice President, Global Customer Business Unit, with responsibility for the strategy and execution for one of Celestica's largest customer business units. Mr. McIntosh joined Celestica in 1997 and has held roles of increasing responsibility with Celestica business units that supported customers in the enterprise and communications markets. Prior to joining Celestica, he held progressively senior engineering and sales roles with other companies in the technology industry. He holds a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Waterloo. John ("Jack") J. Lawless. Mr. Lawless is Executive Vice President, Diversified Markets. In this role, he is responsible for the strategy and execution of Celestica's aerospace and defense, industrial, healthcare, and energy businesses. Previously (from 2009 — 2014), Mr. Lawless was the CEO of Associated Air Center, a subsidiary of StandardAero, one of the world's largest independent global aerospace maintenance, repair and overhaul companies. During his five years as CEO, he was responsible for all aspects of strategy, sales, marketing, and operations. At the same time, Mr. Lawless also held the role of Chief Operating Officer of StandardAero, where he was responsible for operations, supply chain, quality, IT, and engineering. Prior to StandardAero, Mr. Lawless held a number of Vice President-level roles with Honeywell. Before joining Honeywell, he held progressively senior positions with Axcelis Technologies, General Cable and AlliedSignal. Michael P. McCaughey. Mr. McCaughey is Executive Vice President, Communications, Enterprise and Managed Services. In this role, he is responsible for the strategic direction of the Corporation's enterprise and communications market segments, and managed services businesses. He also oversees key activities for all customer accounts in the enterprise and communications segments. Prior to his current role, he was the Senior Vice President, Enterprise and Communications Markets, with responsibility for the strategic direction of Celestica's enterprise and communications business. Prior to joining Celestica in June 2005, Mr. McCaughey held the role of Senior Vice President, Wireline Network Systems, at Sanmina-SCI. Before joining Sanmina-SCI, Mr. McCaughey held senior roles at Hyperchip Inc. and SCI Systems (prior to that company's merger with Sanmina). He holds a DEC in Electrotechnology from Vanier College and studied Electrical Engineering at McGill University. Arpad Hevizi. Mr. Hevizi has been Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer since September 2014. In this role, he is responsible for aligning Celestica's information technology strategy and its investments in IT tools and processes with Celestica's business goals. Mr. Hevizi joined Celestica in 2009 as Vice President, Advanced Customer Solutions, where he led the efforts to leverage information technology and analytics to help Celestica launch new service offerings. Prior to joining Celestica, Mr. Hevizi held senior roles at KPMG LLP, BearingPoint, and Mahindra Satyam. Over the course of his career, Mr. Hevizi has helped high-technology companies improve supply chain performance, manage operations, implement global enterprise solutions, and develop IT and business strategies for value-added service operations. Mr. Hevizi holds a Master of Science degree in Total Quality Management from the HZ University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands, and a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the Budapest Business School. 85  There are no family relationships among any of the foregoing persons, and there are no arrangements or understandings with any person pursuant to which any of our directors or executive officers were selected. None of the directors of the Corporation serve together as directors of other corporations other than Messrs. Schwartz and Etherington who serve together on the board of directors of Onex. The following table identifies the functional competencies, expertise and qualifications of the Corporation's existing directors pursuant to a skills matrix developed by the Nominating and Governance Committee to identify functional competencies, expertise and qualifications that our Board of Directors ("Board") would ideally possess: Daniel P. DiMaggio William A. Etherington Laurette T. Koellner Robert A. Mionis Joseph M. Natale Carol S. Perry Eamon J. Ryan Gerald W. Schwartz Michael M. Wilson TOTAL Skills Service on Other Public (For-Profit) Company Boards Senior Officer or CEO Experience Financial Literacy Communications and/or Enterprise Computing A&D, Healthcare, Semiconductor, Solar, Industrial Services (design, after market) Europe and/or Asia Business Development Operations (supply chain management and manufacturing) Marketing and Sales Strategy Deployment / M&A Talent Development and Succession Planning IT and Business Transformation Finance and Treasury Other Characteristics Gender (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) M B. Compensation Director Compensation (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) M (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) F (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) M (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) F (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) M (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) M (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) M (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) 6 8 9 2 3 4 6 4 7 9 7 6 4 M 7M / 2F Director compensation is set by the Board on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee and in accordance with director compensation guidelines and principles established by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Under these guidelines and principles, the Board seeks to maintain director compensation at a level that is competitive with director compensation at comparable companies, and requires a substantial portion of such compensation to take the form of DSUs. As part of the Compensation Committee's 2015 competitive review of director compensation, the Compensation Committee engaged Willis Towers Watson (the "Compensation Consultant") to provide market comparison information (see Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Compensation Objectives — Independent Advice for a discussion regarding the role of the Compensation Consultant). As a result of this review of director compensation in 2015, certain amendments to director compensation and the Directors' Share Compensation Plan were approved, effective January 1, 2016 by the Compensation Committee and the Board. The review process included a review of on-hire award practices among comparator companies (set out in Table 8) as well as the structure for the annual director retainer fees. 86 Significant changes to the fee structure were then made in order to align director compensation with competitive market practices, as set forth in Table 1 below. Table 1: Directors' Fees(1) Element On-hire DSU Grant for Directors(3) Annual Board Retainer(4) Annual Board and Committee Per Day Meeting Fee(5) Annual DSU Grant(6) Travel Fees(7) Annual Retainer for the Audit Committee Chair Annual Retainer for the Compensation Committee Chair Annual Retainer for the Nominating and Governance Committee Chair(8) DSU Election(6) Retainer and Meeting Fees for 2015 $180,000 $130,000 — Board Chair $65,000 — Directors $2,500 $180,000 — Board Chair $120,000 — Directors $2,500 $20,000 $15,000 New Director Fee Structure(2) Eliminated Combined to establish an inclusive annual retainer of: $360,000 — Board Chair $235,000 — Directors $2,500 $20,000 $15,000 — Directors received 50% of their annual retainer and meeting fees (or 100% of such retainer and fees, subject to their election or deemed election) in the form of DSUs — Directors must elect to be paid either 100% or 75% of their aggregate annual retainers and travel fees in the form of DSUs (1) Does not include Mr. Mionis, President and CEO of the Corporation (since August 1, 2015) or Mr. Muhlhauser, former President and CEO of the Corporation (until August 1, 2015), each of whose compensation is set out in Table 12. Does not include fees payable to Onex for the service of Mr. Schwartz as a director, which is described in footnote 4 to Table 2. (2) Effective January 1, 2016. Directors may also receive further retainers and meeting fees for participation on ad hoc committees. (3) If an eligible director Retires (as defined below) within a year of becoming an eligible director, all of the DSUs comprising the on-hire grant are forfeited and cancelled. If an eligible director Retires less than two years but at least one year after becoming an eligible director, then two-thirds of the DSUs comprising the on-hire grant are forfeited and cancelled. If an eligible director Retires within three years but at least two years after becoming an eligible director, then one-third of the DSUs comprising the on-hire grant are forfeited and cancelled. Forfeiture does not apply if a director Retires due to a change of control of the Corporation. (4) Paid on a quarterly basis. (5) Paid per day of meetings, regardless of whether a director attended more than one meeting in a single day. (6) Credited on a quarterly basis. The number of DSUs granted are calculated by dividing the notional cash amount for the quarter by the closing price of SVS on the NYSE on the last business day of such quarter. (7) The travel fee is available only to directors who travel outside of their home state or province to attend a Board or Committee meeting. (8) The Chair of the Board also served as the Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, for which no additional fee is paid. Subject to the terms of the Directors' Share Compensation Plan, each DSU represents the right to receive one SVS or an equivalent value in cash (at the Corporation's discretion) when the director both (a) ceases to be a director of the Corporation and (b) is not an employee of the Corporation or a director or employee of any corporation that does not deal at arm's-length with the Corporation (collectively, "Retires"). The date used in valuing the DSUs for settlement is the date that is 45 days following the date on which the director Retires, or as soon as practicable thereafter. DSUs are redeemed and payable on or prior to the 90th day following the date on which the director Retires. The number of DSUs granted is calculated by dividing the fee that would otherwise be payable by the closing price of SVS on the NYSE on the last business day of the quarter. 87 Directors' Fees Earned in 2015 All compensation paid in 2015 by the Corporation to its directors is set out in Table 2, except for Mr. Mionis, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and Mr. Muhlhauser, former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, each of whose compensation is set out in Table 12. In 2015, the Board (excluding Mr. Schwartz — see footnote 4 to Table 2) earned a total of annual retainer and meeting fees in the amount of $817,188 and total annual grants of DSUs in the amount of $900,000. Table 2: Director Fees Earned in Respect of 2015 Board Annual Retainer (a) 65,000 $ Board Chair Annual Retainer (b) — Committee Chair Annual Retainer (c) — — $ 130,000 — (3) 65,000 — $ 20,000 65,000 — 65,000 — — — 65,000 — $ 15,000 $ $ $ $ — — $ 65,000 — — — Name Daniel P. DiMaggio William A. Etherington Laurette T. Koellner Joseph M. Natale Carol S. Perry Eamon J. Ryan Gerald W. Schwartz(4) Michael M. Wilson $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Total Meeting Attendance and Ad Hoc Committee Fees (d)(1) Total Annual Retainer and Meeting Fees Payable ((a)+(b)+(c)+(d)) (e) 102,500 Portion of Fees Applied to DSUs and Value of DSUs(2) (f) 50% / $51,250 Annual DSU Grant (#) and Value of DSUs(2) (g) 10,325/$ 120,000 Initial DSU Grant (#) and Value of DSUs (h) — 37,500 30,000 38,125 35,000 35,625 38,438 $ $ $ $ $ $ 160,000 100% / $160,000 15,487/$ 180,000 123,125 50% / $61,563 10,325/$ 120,000 100,000 100% / $100,000 10,325/$ 120,000 100,625 100% / $100,625 10,325/$ 120,000 118,438 100% / $118,438 10,325/$ 120,000 — — — — 47,500 $ 112,500 100% / $112,500 10,325/$ 120,000 Total ((e)+(g)+(h) 222,5 340,0 243,1 220,0 220,6 238,4 — 232,5 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — — — — — — (1) (2) Includes, for applicable directors, meeting fees received for participation on ad hoc committees of the Board, including meeting fees for the committee established in connection with the sale of the Corporation's Toronto real estate and meeting fees for the committee established in connection with the search for the successor to Mr. Muhlhauser as CEO (the "CEO Search Committee"). Also includes travel fees paid to directors. Represents grant date fair value which is the same as the accounting value of such awards. The annual retainer, and meeting fees elected to be received in DSUs, and the annual grant for 2015 were credited quarterly, and the number of DSUs granted in respect of the amounts credited quarterly for each such item was determined using the closing prices of SVS on the NYSE on the last business day of each quarter, which were $11.11 on March 31, 2015, $11.64 on June 30, 2015, $12.89 on September 30, 2015 and $11.03 on December 31, 2015. For directors who elected to receive 100% of their annual retainer and meeting fees in DSUs, no cash amounts were paid by the Corporation in respect of amounts set forth in column (e). (3) During 2015, Mr. Etherington was the Chair of the Board and the Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Mr. Etherington does not receive a committee chair annual retainer in his capacity as Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. (4) Mr. Schwartz is an officer of Onex and did not receive any compensation in his capacity as a director of the Corporation in 2015. However, Onex did receive compensation for providing the services of Mr. Schwartz as a director pursuant to a Services Agreement between the Corporation and Onex entered into on January 1, 2009. The initial term of the Services Agreement was one year and the agreement automatically renews for successive one-year terms unless either the Corporation or Onex provide notice of intent not to renew. The Services Agreement terminates automatically and the rights of Onex to receive compensation (other than accrued and unpaid compensation) will terminate (a) 30 days after the first day on which Onex ceases to hold at least one MVS of Celestica or any successor company or (b) the date Mr. Schwartz ceases to be a director of Celestica, for any reason. Onex receives compensation under the Services Agreement in an amount equal to $200,000 per year, payable in DSUs in equal quarterly instalments in arrears. The number of DSUs is determined using the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on the last day of the fiscal quarter in respect of which the instalment is to be credited. Directors' Ownership of Securities Outstanding Share-Based Awards Information concerning all outstanding share-based awards as of December 31, 2015 made by the Corporation to each director proposed for election at the Meeting (other than Mr. Mionis, whose information is set out in Table 13), including awards granted prior to 2015, is set out in Table 3. DSUs that were granted prior to January 1, 2007 may be settled in the form of SVS issued from treasury, SVS purchased in the open market, or an equivalent value in cash (at the discretion of the Corporation). DSUs granted after January 1, 2007 may only be settled in SVS purchased in the open market or an equivalent value in cash. In 2005, the Corporation amended its Long-Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP") to prohibit the granting to directors of options to acquire SVS. There are no options granted to directors prior to the foregoing amendment which remain outstanding. 88 Name Daniel P. DiMaggio William A. Etherington Laurette T. Koellner Joseph M. Natale Carol S. Perry Eamon J. Ryan Gerald W. Schwartz(3) Michael M. Wilson Table 3: Outstanding Share-Based Awards Number of Outstanding DSUs(1) (#) Market Value of Outstanding DSUs(2) ($) 137,264 322,244 158,966 111,364 60,181 212,086 123,789 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — 1,514,022 3,554,351 1,753,395 1,228,345 663,796 2,339,309 1,365,393 — (1) Represents all outstanding DSUs, including the regular quarterly grant of DSUs issued on January 1, 2016 in respect of the fourth quarter of 2015. (2) The market value of such share-based awards was determined using a share price of $11.03, which was the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on December 31, 2015. (3) Mr. Schwartz did not have any share-based awards from the Corporation outstanding as of December 31, 2015; however, 158,903 DSUs have been issued to Onex (and are outstanding) pursuant to the Services Agreement between the Corporation and Onex for the services of Mr. Schwartz as a director of the Corporation, and 688,807 MVS beneficially owned by Onex are subject to MIP Options granted to Mr. Schwartz. For further information see footnote 2 to the Major Shareholders Table and footnote 4 to Table 2. Changes in Directors' Equity Interest The following table sets out, for each director proposed for election at the Meeting (other than Mr. Mionis, whose information is set out in Table 13), such director's direct or indirect beneficial ownership of, or control or direction over, shares and share-based awards in the Corporation as of February 10, 2016, and any changes therein since February 11, 2015 (being the date of disclosure in the Corporation's 2014 Form 20-F). 89 Name Daniel P. DiMaggio William A. Etherington(2) Laurette T. Koellner Joseph M. Natale Carol S. Perry Eamon J. Ryan Gerald W. Schwartz(3) Michael M. Wilson Table 4: Changes in Directors' Equity Interest(1) Date Feb. 11, 2015 Feb. 10, 2016 Change Feb. 11, 2015 Feb. 10, 2016 Change Feb. 11, 2015 Feb. 10, 2016 Change Feb. 11, 2015 Feb. 10, 2016 Change Feb. 11, 2015 Feb. 10, 2016 Change Feb. 11, 2015 Feb. 10, 2016 Change Feb. 11, 2015 Feb. 10, 2016 Change Feb. 11, 2015 Feb. 10, 2016 Change SVS (#) — — — 10,000 10,000 Nil — — — — — — — — — — — — 546,829 546,829 Nil — — — Share-Based Awards (#) 122,514 137,264 14,750 292,948 322,244 29,296 143,354 158,966 15,612 92,384 111,364 18,980 41,184 60,181 18,997 191,554 212,086 20,532 — — — 103,729 123,789 20,060 Total (#) 122,514 137,264 14,750 302,948 332,244 29,296 143,354 158,966 15,612 92,384 111,364 18,980 41,184 60,181 18,997 191,554 212,086 20,532 546,829 546,829 Nil 103,729 123,789 20,060 (1) Information as to securities beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, is not within the Corporation's knowledge and therefore has been provided by each nominee. (2) Mr. Etherington also owns 10,000 subordinate voting shares of Onex as of February 10, 2016. Other than Messrs. Schwartz and Etherington, no other director of the Corporation owns shares of Onex. (3) Includes 426,172 SVS beneficially owned by Onex. In addition, as described in footnote 3 to the Major Shareholders Table, Mr. Schwartz is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the 18,946,368 MVS owned by Onex. Mr. Schwartz is also indirectly, of 100,000 multiple voting shares of Onex and 18,108,018 subordinate voting shares of Onex as of February 10, 2016. Also see footnote 3 to Table 3. the beneficial owner, directly or 90 Director Share Ownership Guidelines The Corporation has minimum shareholding requirements for directors who are not employees or officers of the Corporation or Onex (the "Director Share Ownership Guidelines") (see Executive Share Ownership for share ownership guidelines applicable to Mr. Mionis in his role as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation). The Director Share Ownership Guidelines for 2015 provided as follows: Board Tenure Five Years or Greater 2 to 5 Years 1 to 2 Years Less than 1 Year Share and/or DSU Ownership(1) 5x Annual Retainer 3x Annual Retainer 2x Annual Retainer Not Required(2) (1) Calculated by applying the applicable multiple from the Director Share Ownership Guidelines to the sum of the director's Board annual retainer and committee chair annual retainer (if applicable). (2) Directors with less than one year of service on the Board are encouraged, but not required, to hold securities of the Corporation. It is the Corporation's policy that directors with five years or more service on the Board shall continue to invest a significant portion of their annual retainer in securities of the Corporation. Although directors will not be deemed to have breached the Director Share Ownership Guidelines by reason of a decrease in the market value of the Corporation's securities, the directors are required to purchase further securities within a reasonable period of time after such occurrence to comply with the Director Share Ownership Guidelines. Each director's holdings of securities, which for the purposes of the Director Share Ownership Guidelines include all SVS and DSUs, are reviewed annually as of December 31. The following table sets out, for each applicable director proposed for election at the Meeting, whether such director was in compliance with the Director Share Ownership Guidelines as of December 31, 2015. Director Daniel P. DiMaggio William A. Etherington Laurette T. Koellner Joseph M. Natale Carol S. Perry Eamon J. Ryan Michael M. Wilson Table 5: Shareholding Requirements Target Value as of December 31, 2015(1) Shareholding Requirements Value as of December 31, 2015(2) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 325,000 650,000 425,000 195,000 195,000 400,000 195,000 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,514,022 3,664,651 1,753,395 1,228,345 663,796 2,339,309 1,365,393 Met Target as of December 31, 2015 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (1) Directors' target values are calculated by applying the applicable multiple from the Director Share Ownership Guidelines to the sum of the director's Board annual retainer and committee chair annual retainer (if applicable). (2) The value of the aggregate number of SVS and DSUs held by each director is determined using a share price of $11.03, which was the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on December 31, 2015. As a result of the new annual fixed compensation arrangement for the directors effective January 1, 2016 (see Information Relating to Our Directors — Director Compensation ) the Board also approved an amendment to the Director Share Ownership Guidelines. The amendment, which also became effective January 1, 2016, provides that a director (regardless of tenure) must hold SVS or DSUs with an aggregate value equal to two times 75% of the annual retainer except that the chair of the Board must hold SVS or DSUs with an aggregate value equal to two and a half times 75% of the annual retainer. Current and new directors will have five years to achieve the revised Director Share Ownership Guidelines from the approval date or from the time of their appointment to the Board, as applicable. 91 Attendance of Directors at Board and Committee Meetings The following table sets forth the attendance of directors at Board meetings and at meetings of those standing committees of which they are members, from January 1, 2015 to February 10, 2016. Table 6: Directors' Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings Board Audit Compensation Nominating and Corporate Governance Meetings Attended % Board Committee 8 of 8 6 of 6 8 of 8 6 of 6 7 of 8 5 of 6 3 of 3 — 5 of 5 — 8 of 8 6 of 6 8 of 8 6 of 6 8 of 8 6 of 6 — — 6 of 6 6 of 6 5 of 6 6 of 6 6 of 6 6 of 6 4 of 4 100% 4 of 4 100% 3 of 4 88% — — 100% 100% 4 of 4 100% 4 of 4 100% 4 of 4 100% 100% 100% 81% — — 100% 100% 100% 7 of 8 — — — 88% — 8 of 8 6 of 6 6 of 6 4 of 4 100% 100% Director Daniel P. DiMaggio William A. Etherington Laurette T. Koellner Robert A. Mionis(1) Craig H. Muhlhauser (2) Joseph M. Natale Carol S. Perry Eamon J. Ryan Gerald W. Schwartz Michael M. Wilson (1) Mr. Mionis was appointed as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and as a member of the Board, effective August 1, 2015. (2) Mr. Muhlhauser retired as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and as a member of the Board, effective August 1, 2015. COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS This Compensation Discussion and Analysis sets out the policies of the Corporation for determining compensation paid to the Corporation's CEO, its Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), and the three other most highly compensated executive officers (together with Mr. Muhlhauser as the former CEO, the "Named Executive Officers" or "NEOs"). The NEOs who are the subject of this Compensation Discussion and Analysis are: Robert A. Mionis — President and CEO; Darren G. Myers — Executive Vice President and CFO; (cid:127) Michael P. McCaughey — Executive Vice President, Communications, Enterprise and Managed Services; Glen D. McIntosh — Executive Vice President, Global Operations and Supply Chain Management; and Elizabeth L. DelBianco — Executive Vice President and Chief Legal & Administrative Officer. A description and explanation of the significant elements of compensation awarded to the foregoing NEOs during 2015 is set out in the section Compensation Discussion and Analysis — 2015 Compensation Decisions . Disclosure regarding Mr. Muhlhauser is included in the section Arrangements Regarding Retirement of Former Chief Executive Officer and is otherwise excluded from this Compensation Discussion and Analysis as his tenure as President and CEO of the Corporation ended as of August 1, 2015. Compensation Objectives The Corporation's executive compensation philosophies and practices are designed to attract, motivate and retain the leaders who will drive the success of the Corporation. The Compensation Committee reviews compensation policies and practices regularly, considers related risks, and makes any adjustments it deems 92 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) necessary to ensure the compensation policies are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. A substantial portion of the compensation of our executives is linked to the Corporation's performance. A comparator group of Celestica's competitors, major suppliers, customers, and other major international technology companies that generally fall in the range of 50% to 200% of Celestica's revenue (such group, as selected by the Compensation Committee, the "Comparator Group") is set out in Table 8. The Corporation establishes target compensation with reference to the median compensation of the Comparator Group, however, neither each element of compensation nor total compensation is expected to match such median exactly. NEOs have the opportunity for higher compensation for performance that exceeds target performance goals, and will receive lower compensation for performance that is below target performance goals. The compensation package is designed to: ensure executives are compensated fairly and in a way that does not result in the Corporation incurring undue risk or encouraging executives to take inappropriate risks; provide competitive fixed compensation ( i.e., base salary and benefits), as well as a substantial amount of at-risk pay through the annual and equity-based incentive plans; reward executives, through both annual incentives and equity-based incentives, for achieving operational and financial results that meet or exceed the Corporation's business plan and that are superior to those of direct competitors in the electronics manufacturing services ("EMS") industry; align the interests of executives and shareholders through equity-based compensation; recognize that the executives work as a team to achieve corporate results; and ensure direct accountability for the annual operating results and the long-term financial performance of the Corporation. Independent Advice The Compensation Committee, which has the sole authority to retain and terminate an executive compensation consultant, has engaged the Compensation Consultant since October 2006 as its independent compensation consultant to assist in identifying appropriate comparator companies against which to evaluate the Corporation's compensation levels, to provide data about those companies, and to provide observations and recommendations with respect to the Corporation's compensation practices versus those of the Comparator Group and the market in general. The Compensation Consultant also provides advice (upon request) to the Compensation Committee on the policy recommendations prepared by management and keeps the Compensation Committee apprised of market trends in executive compensation. The Compensation Consultant attended portions of all Compensation Committee meetings held in 2015, in person or by telephone, as requested by the Chair of the Compensation Committee. At each of its meetings, the Compensation Committee held an in camera session with the Compensation Consultant without any member of management being present. Decisions made by the Compensation Committee, however, are the responsibility of the Compensation Committee and may reflect factors and considerations supplementary to the information and recommendations provided by the Compensation Consultant. Each year, the Compensation Committee reviews the scope of activities of the Compensation Consultant and, if it deems appropriate, approves the corresponding budget. During such review, the Compensation Committee also considers the independence factors required to be considered by the NYSE prior to the selection or receipt of advice from a compensation consultant, and determined that the Compensation Consultant was independent prior to its engagement in 2015. The Compensation Consultant meets with the Chair of the Compensation Committee and management at least annually to identify any initiatives requiring external support and agenda items for each Compensation Committee meeting throughout the year. The Compensation Consultant reports directly to the chair of the Compensation Committee and is not engaged by management. The Compensation Consultant may, with the approval of the Compensation Committee, assist management in reviewing and, where appropriate, developing and recommending compensation programs to 93 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) align the Corporation's practices with competitive practices. Any such service in excess of $25,000 provided by the Compensation Consultant relating to executive compensation must be pre-approved by the Chair of the Compensation Committee. In addition, any non-executive compensation consulting service in excess of $25,000 must be submitted by management to the Compensation Committee for pre-approval, and any services that will cause total non-executive compensation consulting fees to exceed $25,000 in aggregate in a calendar year must also be pre-approved by the Compensation Committee. The following table sets out the fees paid by the Corporation to the Compensation Consultant in each of the past two years: Table 7: Fees of the Compensation Consultant Executive Compensation-Related Fees(1) All Other Fees(2) Year Ended December 31 2015 2014 C$ C$ 357,910 54,914 C$ C$ 328,016 17,007 (1) Services disclosed in respect of 2015 and 2014 included support on executive compensation matters that are part of its annual agenda ( e.g. , executive compensation competitive market analysis, review of trends in executive compensation, peer group review, pay for performance analysis and assistance with executive compensation-related disclosure), support with ad-hoc executive compensation issues that arise throughout the year, annual valuation of PSUs for accounting purposes, attendance at all Compensation Committee meetings and a comprehensive risk assessment of compensation programs for senior executives. Services disclosed in respect of 2015 also included assistance with the CEO transition activities and the director compensation review. Services disclosed in respect of 2014 also included meetings to educate and orient a new director on the Corporation's compensation philosophies and policies. (2) For 2015, represents fees for a non-executive employment engagement survey. For 2014, represents fees for surveys pertaining to competitive levels of compensation for non-executives. Compensation Process Executive compensation is determined as part of an annual process followed by the Compensation Committee, as supported by the Compensation Consultant, as follows: Before and at Commencement of the Performance Period During the Performance Period Following the Performance Period (cid:127) Review and approve comparator group (cid:127) Evaluate interim performance relative to objectives (cid:127) Evaluate individual performance relative to objectives (cid:127) Review of compensation benchmarks and pay positioning (cid:127) Approve appointments to designated positions and any related compensation changes (cid:127) Determine achievement of performance criteria for annual and long term incentives (cid:127) Establish target compensation levels (cid:127) Review trends in executive compensation for potential program changes (cid:127) Establish performance objectives (cid:127) Conduct risk assessment of compensation programs (cid:127) Re-evaluate comparator group and update as necessary (cid:127) Review management succession plans including retention value of unvested equity awards The Compensation Committee reviews and approves compensation for the CEO and the other NEOs, including base salaries, annual incentive awards and equity-based incentive grants. The Compensation Committee evaluates the performance of the CEO relative to financial and business goals and objectives approved by the Board from time to time for such purpose. The Compensation Committee reviews competitive data for the Comparator Group and consults with the Compensation Consultant before exercising its independent judgment to determine appropriate compensation levels. The CEO reviews the performance evaluations of the other NEOs with the Compensation Committee and provides compensation recommendations. The Compensation Committee considers these recommendations, reviews market compensation information, consults with the Compensation Consultant, and then exercises its independent judgment to determine if any adjustments are required prior to approval of the compensation of such other NEOs. 94  The Compensation Committee generally meets five times a year, in January, April, July, October and December. At the July meeting, the Compensation Committee, based on recommendations from the Compensation Consultant, approves the comparator group that will be used for the compensation review. At the October meeting, the Compensation Consultant presents a competitive analysis of the total compensation for each of the NEOs, including the CEO, based on the established comparator group. Using this analysis, the Chief Legal and Administrative Officer (the "CLAO"), who has responsibility for Human Resources, and the CEO develop base salary and equity-based incentive recommendations for the NEOs which are then reviewed with the Compensation Consultant. The CEO and CLAO do not participate in the preparation of their own compensation recommendations. At the December meeting, preliminary compensation proposals for the NEOs for the following year are reviewed, including base salary recommendations and the value and mix of their equity-based incentives. By reviewing the compensation proposals in advance, the Compensation Committee is afforded sufficient time to discuss and provide input regarding proposed compensation changes prior to the January meeting at which time the Compensation Committee approves the compensation proposals, revised as necessary or appropriate, based on input provided at the December meeting. Previous grants of equity-based awards and the current retention value of same are reviewed and may be taken into consideration when making decisions related to equity-based compensation. The CEO and the CLAO are not present at the Compensation Committee meetings when their respective compensation is discussed. The foregoing process is also followed for determining the CEO's compensation, except that the CLAO develops a proposal for base salary and equity-based incentive grants which is then reviewed with the Compensation Consultant. The Compensation Committee then reviews the proposal with the Compensation Consultant in the absence of the CEO. At that time, the Compensation Committee also considers the potential value of the total compensation package for the CEO at different levels of performance and different stock prices to ensure that there is an appropriate link between pay and performance, taking into consideration the range of potential total compensation. Based on a management plan approved by the Board, the annual incentive-plan targets are approved by the Compensation Committee at the beginning of the year. The Compensation Committee reviews the Corporation's performance relative to these targets and the projected payment at the October and December meetings. At the January meeting of the following year, final payments under the annual incentive plan, as well as the vesting percentages for any previously granted equity-based incentives that have performance vesting criteria, are calculated and approved by the Compensation Committee based on the Corporation's year-end results as approved by the Audit Committee. The amounts related to the annual incentive plan are then paid in February. In addition to the above regular business, the Compensation Committee also made key decisions concerning CEO succession in 2015 and the related compensation decisions, including transition awards for specified executives, all of which are more fully described below under CEO Succession and, with respect to Mr. Muhlhauser's retirement, under Arrangements Regarding Retirement of Former Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation Committee may exercise its discretion to either award compensation absent attainment of a relevant performance goal or similar condition, or to reduce or increase the size of any award or payout to any NEO. The Compensation Committee did not exercise such discretion for 2015 compensation with respect to any NEO. Compensation Risk Assessment The Compensation Committee, in performing its duties and exercising its powers under its mandate, considers the implications of the risks associated with the Corporation's compensation policies and practices. This includes: identifying any such policies or practices that encourage executive officers to take inappropriate or excessive risks, identifying risks arising from such policies and practices that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation; and considering the risk implications of the Corporation's compensation policies and practices and any proposed changes to them. In 2014, the Compensation Committee engaged the Compensation Consultant to assist with a comprehensive risk assessment of compensation programs provided to the senior executive team, including the annual performance incentive, and the Corporation's two long-term incentive plans, the LTIP and CSUP. The 95 compensation risk assessment included interviews with key Board and management representatives to: (a) identify significant risks; (b) understand the role of compensation in supporting appropriate risk-taking; and (c) understand how risk is governed and managed at the Corporation. The Compensation Consultant also reviewed documentation relating to the Corporation's risk factors and compensation governance processes and programs. The Corporation's executive compensation programs for the NEOs were reviewed against the Compensation Consultant's compensation risk assessment framework. Results of the review were presented to the Compensation Committee. In 2015, the Compensation Consultant reviewed actions taken by the Corporation and applicable governance trends in risk oversight of executive compensation since the comprehensive risk assessment had been conducted in 2014. Based on the results of such assessments and its own independent analysis, the Compensation Committee concluded that the Corporation's compensation programs did not promote excessive risk-taking that would be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation, and that appropriate risk mitigation features are in place within the Corporation's compensation programs. Since the beginning of 2015, the Compensation Committee also approved the following actions to enhance the Corporation's compensation policy risk-mitigating practices: the share ownership guidelines for executives were amended to provide that Executive Vice Presidents will be required to own three times their base salary in securities of the Corporation, an increase from two times; an additional requirement for Mr. Mionis was added such that, in the event of the cessation of his employment with the Corporation for any reason, he will be required to retain the share ownership level set out in the Share Ownership Guidelines on his termination date for the 12 month period immediately following his termination date; scenario testing of the executive compensation programs, including a pay for performance analysis; the Insider Trading Policy was amended to include an anti-pledging provision; the LTIP and CSUP were amended to reflect that change of control treatment for outstanding equity is based on a "double trigger" requirement for future grants thereunder; and the PSU comparator group for TSR performance was broadened from five EMS peers to the S&P 1500 Information Technology Index companies with the addition of Flextronics International Ltd. (the only EMS peer not already on the S&P 1500 list). The Corporation's compensation programs are designed with a balanced approach aligned with its business strategy and risk profile. A number of compensation practices have been implemented to mitigate potential compensation policy risk. It is the Compensation Committee's view that the Corporation's compensation policies and practices do not encourage inappropriate or excessive risk-taking. 96 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127)  In reaching their opinion, the Compensation Committee reviewed key risk-mitigating features in the Corporation's compensation governance processes and compensation structure including the following: Governance Compensation Decision-Making Process (cid:127) The Corporation has formalized compensation objectives to help guide compensation decisions and incentive design and to effectively support its (see Compensation Discussion and pay-for-performance policy Analysis — Compensation Objectives). Non-binding Shareholder Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (cid:127) The Corporation annually holds an advisory vote on executive compensation. (cid:127) This allows shareholders to express approval or disapproval of its approach to executive compensation. Annual Review of Incentive Programs (cid:127) Each year, the Corporation reviews and sets performance measures and targets for the annual incentive plan and for PSU grants under the CSUP and the LTIP that are aligned with the business plan and the Corporation's risk profile to ensure continued relevance and applicability. (cid:127) When new compensation programs are considered, they are stress-tested to ensure potential payouts would be reasonable within the context of the full range of performance outcomes. CEO compensation is stress-tested annually. External Independent Compensation Advisor (cid:127) On an ongoing basis, the Compensation Committee retains the services of an independent compensation advisor, to provide an external perspective as to marketplace changes and best practices related to compensation design, governance and compensation risk management. Overlapping Committee Membership Compensation Program Design Review of Incentive Programs Fixed versus Variable Compensation "One-company" Annual Incentive Plan. (cid:127) All of the Corporation's independent directors sit on each standing committee of the Board, to provide continuity and to facilitate oversight the Committees' coordination responsibilities. respective between (cid:127) At appropriate intervals, Celestica conducts a review of its compensation strategy, including pay philosophy and program design, in light of business requirements, market practice and governance considerations. (cid:127) For the NEOs, a significant portion of target total direct compensation is delivered through variable compensation (annual incentive plan and long-term, equity-based incentive plans). (cid:127) The majority of the value of target variable compensation is delivered through grants under long-term, equity-based incentive plans which are subject to time and/or performance vesting requirements. (cid:127) This mix provides a strong pay-for-performance relationship It provides a competitive base level of compensation through salary, and mitigates the risk of encouraging the achievement of short-term goals at the expense of creating and sustaining long-term shareholder value, as NEOs benefit if shareholder value increases over the long-term (cid:127) Celestica's "one-company" annual incentive plan (the Celestica Team Incentive Plan) helps to mitigate risk-taking by tempering the results of any one business unit on Celestica's overall corporate performance, and aligning executives and employees in the various business units and regions with corporate goals. (cid:127) Balance of Financial Performance Metrics as well as Absolute and Relative Performance Metrics (cid:127) Celestica's annual incentive plan ensures a holistic assessment of performance with ultimate payout tied to measurable corporate financial metrics ( e.g. , revenue, non-IFRS Operating Margin (as defined in footnote 3 to Table 11), and non-IFRS Return on Invested Capital ("ROIC") (as defined in footnote 5 to Table 11)). 97 Individual performance is assessed based on business results, teamwork and key accomplishments, and market performance is captured through PSUs (which include both measurable corporate financial metrics and relative performance features) and RSUs. (cid:127) Two non-IFRS "gates" exist for any payout to occur under the annual performance incentive. (cid:127) Additionally, target non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT (as defined in footnote 3 to Table 11) must be achieved for other measures to pay above target. (cid:127) Each of the annual performance incentive and PSU payouts have a maximum payout of two times target. (cid:127) The Corporation's share ownership guidelines require the CEO, Executive Vice Presidents and Senior Vice Presidents to continue to hold a minimum amount of the Corporation's securities to help align their interests with those of shareholders' and the long-term performance of the Corporation. (cid:127) This practice also mitigates against executives taking inappropriate or excessive risks to improve short-term performance at the expense of longer-term objectives. (cid:127) Executives and directors are prohibited from entering into speculative transactions and transactions designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value of equity securities of the Corporation granted as compensation or purchasing securities of the Corporation on margin, borrowing against securities of the Corporation held in a margin account, or pledging Celestica securities as collateral for a loan. (cid:127) A "clawback" policy covers recoupment of incentive-based compensation from the CEO and CFO that was received during the 12-month period following the period covered by a restatement of the financial results of the Corporation due to misconduct or material non-compliance with financial reporting requirements, as well as any profits realized from the sale of securities during this time (see — "Clawback" Provisions). In addition, all longer-term incentive awards made to NEOs may be subject to recoupment if certain employment conditions are breached. (cid:127) NEOs' entitlements on termination without cause are in part contingent on complying with confidentiality, non-solicitation and non-competition obligations (three-year duration for the CEO, two years for other NEOs). Minimum Performance Requirements and Maximum Payout Caps Share Ownership Requirement Anti-hedging and Anti-pledging Policy "Clawback" Policy Severance Protection Comparator Group The Compensation Committee establishes salary, annual incentive and equity-based incentive awards with reference to the median of such elements for the Comparator Group, but is not bound to any target percentile for any element of compensation of the Comparator Group. The Comparator Group is comprised of a selection of the Corporation's competitors, major suppliers, customers, and other major international technology companies that generally fall in the range of 50% to 200% of the Corporation's revenues and is approved annually by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee also considers the Corporation's business objective of expanding its managed and/or diversified services and its participation in global markets when approving the Comparator Group. Because of the international scope and the size of the Corporation, the Comparator Group is comprised of companies with international operations, allowing the Corporation to offer its executives total compensation that is competitive in the markets in which it competes for talent. In 2015, changes were made to the Comparator Group established in 2014. Three companies were removed that exceeded the guideline revenue range and had significantly higher asset values and market capitalization than the Corporation (Freescale Semiconductor, Ltd., Micron Technology Inc. and Texas Instruments, Inc.). Sun Edison, Inc. was added as it is reasonably similar to the Corporation's size and scope and representative of companies with which the Corporation may compete for executive talent. 98 (cid:127) (cid:127)  The following list of companies, which was reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee at its July 2015 meeting, sets out the Corporation's Comparator Group companies (used to establish 2016 executive compensation). Table 8: Comparator Group(1) 2014 Annual Revenue (millions) Industry Company Name Semiconductor 2014 Annual Revenue (millions) Industry Company Name Technology Hardware, Storage, Peripherals 2014 Annual Revenue (millions) Western Digital Corp. $15,130 Industry Company Name Electronic Manufacturing Services Flextronics International Ltd. Jabil Circuit, Inc. Sanmina Corporation Benchmark Electronics, Inc. Plexus Corp. Electronic Components Corning Inc. $ $ $ $ $ $ 26,109 15,762 6,215 2,797 2,378 Applied Materials Inc. Broadcom Corp. Advanced Micro Devices Inc. Lam Research Corporation NVIDIA Corp. Diversified Markets 9,715 Agilent Technologies Inc. Sun Edison, Inc. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 9,072 8,428 5,506 4,607 4,130 SanDisk Corp NCR Corp. NetApp, Inc. Lexmark International Inc. Communications 4,048 2,484 Harris Corp. Juniper Networks, Inc. Overall 25th Percentile 50th Percentile 75th Percentile Celestica Inc. $6,628 $6,591 $6,325 $3,711 $5,012 $4,627 $4,069 $5,861 $8,911 $5,631 Percentile 48th percentile (1) All data were provided by the Compensation Consultant (sourced by it from Standard & Poor's Capital IQ), reflect fiscal year 2014 revenue for each company, and are presented in U.S. dollars. Additionally, broader market compensation survey data for other similarly-sized organizations provided by the Compensation Consultant is analyzed in accordance with a process approved by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee considered such survey data, among other matters, in making compensation decisions. In addition to the survey data, proxy disclosure of the Comparator Group companies for the most recently completed fiscal year was considered when determining the compensation of the CEO and the other NEOs. CEO Succession Following the announcement of Mr. Muhlhauser's intention to retire by the end of 2015, the Board established the CEO Search committee comprised of Messrs. Etherington, Natale and Wilson. The Board also engaged an executive search firm to support the search to identify the successor CEO, considering both external and internal candidates. The CEO Search Committee managed the succession process and provided periodic updates to the Board on the status of the search. On July 8, 2015, the Corporation announced that the Board had appointed Mr. Mionis as President and CEO and a member of the Board, effective August 1, 2015. Following his retirement from such positions, Mr. Muhlhauser remained with the Corporation as a special advisor to the Board until December 31, 2015. In conjunction with the Board's appointment of Mr. Mionis as President and CEO, the Compensation Committee approved the following items: the compensation package for Mr. Mionis in his new role as President and CEO; the retirement provisions for Mr. Muhlhauser, as well as the provisions of his advisory agreement, in recognition of his flexibility in supporting the transition to his successor, as described below under Arrangements Regarding Retirement of Former Chief Executive Officer; and 99 (cid:127) (cid:127) transition awards for other executives during the CEO transition period. In April 2015, the Compensation Committee approved a grant of special equity awards, in the form of RSUs (the "Transition Awards"), in order to further incentivize the executive team in connection with the CEO transition period. Each of Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco received Transition Awards as described below under 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity-Based Incentives — Transition Awards. Anti-Hedging and Anti-Pledging Policy The Insider Trading Policy prohibits executives from, among other things, entering into speculative transactions and transactions designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value of equity securities of the Corporation granted as compensation. Accordingly, executive officers may not sell short the Corporation's securities, buy or sell put or call options on the Corporation's securities, or purchase financial instruments (including prepaid variable contracts, equity swaps, collars or units of exchange funds) which are designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value of the Corporation's securities. Executive officers are also prohibited from purchasing the Corporation's securities on margin, borrowing against the Corporation's securities held in a margin account, or pledging the Corporation's securities as collateral for a loan. The directors of the Corporation also must comply with the provisions of the Insider Trading policy which prohibit hedging and/or pledging of the Corporation's securities. "Clawback" Provisions The Corporation is subject to the "clawback" provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Accordingly, if the Corporation is required to restate financial results due to misconduct or material non-compliance with financial reporting requirements, the CEO and CFO would be required to reimburse the Corporation for any bonuses or incentive-based compensation they had received during the 12-month period following the period covered by the restatement, as well as any profits they had realized from the sale of securities of the Corporation during that period. In addition, under the terms of the stock option grants and the PSU and RSU grants made under the LTIP and the CSUP, an NEO may be required by the Corporation to repay an amount equal to the market value of the shares at the time of release, net of taxes, if, within 12 months of the release date, the executive: accepts employment with, or accepts an engagement to supply services, directly or indirectly to, a third party that is in competition with the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries; or fails to comply with, or otherwise breaches, the terms and conditions of a confidentiality agreement or non-disclosure agreement with, or confidentiality obligations to, the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries; or on his or her behalf or on another's behalf, directly or indirectly recruits, induces or solicits, or attempts to recruit, induce or solicit any current employee or other individual who is/was supplying services to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries. Executives who are terminated for cause also forfeit all unvested RSUs, PSUs and stock options as well as all vested and unexercised stock options. 100 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) Compensation Elements for the Named Executive Officers The compensation of the NEOs is comprised of the following elements: Elements Base Salary . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Cash Incentives . Equity-Based Incentives (cid:127) RSUs . . . . . . . . . . . . (cid:127) PSUs . . . . . . . . . . . . (cid:127) Stock Options . . . . . Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rationale Provides a fixed level of compensation intended to reflect the scope of an executive's responsibilities and level of experience and to reward sustained performance over time, as well as to approximate competitive base salary levels Aligns executive performance with the Corporation's annual goals and objectives Provides a strong incentive for long-term executive retention Aligns executive's interests with shareholder interests and provides incentives for long-term performance Promotes the creation and long-term sustainability of shareholder value Executives participate in company-wide benefit programs which are designed to help ensure the health and wellness of employees Pension . . . . . . . . . . . . . Designed to assist executives in saving for their retirement Perquisites . . . . . . . . . . . Perquisites are provided to executives on a case-by-case basis as considered appropriate in the interests of the Corporation Compensation Element Mix The at-risk portion of total compensation has the highest weighting at the most senior levels of management. Annual and certain equity-based incentive plan rewards are contingent upon the Corporation's financial and operational performance and are therefore at-risk. With a significant portion of total target direct compensation delivered through variable compensation, the Corporation intends to continue to align NEO compensation with shareholder interests. Historically, the target weighting of compensation elements for NEOs heavily favored equity-based incentives as they represented approximately 60-70% of the NEOs total target compensation. For 2015, the Corporation granted two types of additional at-risk awards that were not typical: the 2015 Employment Inducement Options granted to Mr. Mionis and the Transition Awards granted to the other NEOs (described below under 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity Based Incentives — Sign on Award and 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity Based Incentives — Transition Awards). Further, the Corporation revised its disclosure with respect to its annual equity grants to reflect that grants made in-year are granted with respect to the current year performance, rather than as a reward in respect of the most recently completed year (see below under 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity Based Incentives — Annual Equity Grant Reporting). As a result of these events, the relative weighting of the reported values for 2015 did not fall within our typical ranges. The intended mix for 2016 can be expected to more closely align with historical mix of compensation elements. Although all elements of 2016 compensation for the NEOs has not yet been determined, the Corporation is committed to continuing the emphasis on pay for performance. Base Salary The objective of base salary is to attract, reward and retain top talent. Base salaries for executive positions are reviewed against those in the Comparator Group, with base salary determined with consideration given to the market median of this group. Base salaries are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate, to reflect individual performance, relevant knowledge, experience and the executive's level of responsibility within the Corporation. 101 Celestica Team Incentive Plan The objective of the Celestica Team Incentive Plan ("CTI") is to reward all eligible employees, including the NEOs, for the achievement of annual corporate and individual goals and objectives. CTI awards for the NEOs are based on the achievement of pre-determined corporate and individual goals, and are paid in cash. Actual payouts can vary from 0% for performance below a threshold up to a maximum capped at 200% of the Target Award. Awards are determined in accordance with the following formula: Business Results Factor: The Business Results Factor of CTI is based on certain corporate financial goals (described in more detail below) established at the beginning of the performance period and approved by the Compensation Committee and can vary from 0% to 200%. Individual Performance Factor: Individual contribution is recognized through the individual performance factor of CTI ("IPF"). The IPF is determined through the annual performance review process and is based on an evaluation of the NEO's performance measured against specific criteria established at the beginning of each year. The criteria may include factors such as the NEO's individual performance relative to business results, teamwork and the executive's key accomplishments. The IPF can adjust the executive's actual award by a factor of between 0.0x and 2.0x depending on individual performance. Actual results relative to the targets, as described above, determine the amount of the annual incentive subject to the following: (i) a minimum corporate profitability threshold must be achieved for the Business Results Factor to exceed zero; (ii) corporate profitability must be at least target for other corporate measures to pay above target; and (iii) the maximum CTI payment is two times the Target Award. Target Award: The Target Award is calculated as each NEO's Eligible Earnings ( i.e. , base salary) multiplied by the Target Incentive (expressed as a percentage of base salary in the applicable plan year). Equity-Based Incentives The Corporation's equity-based incentives for the NEOs consist of RSUs, PSUs and/or stock options. The objectives of equity-based compensation are to: align the NEOs' interests with those of shareholders and incent appropriate behaviour for long-term performance; reward the NEOs' contributions to the Corporation's long-term success; and enable the Corporation to attract, motivate and retain the qualified and experienced employees who are critical to the Corporation's success. At the December or January meeting, as the case may be, the Compensation Committee determines the dollar value and mix of the equity-based grants to be awarded to the NEOs, if any. On the grant date, the dollar value is converted into the number of units that will be granted using the closing price of the SVS on the day prior to the grant. The annual grants are made following the blackout period that ends not less than 48 hours after the Corporation's year-end results have been released. Target equity-based incentives are determined with reference to the median awards of the Comparator Group; however, consideration is also given to individual performance and contribution when determining actual awards. The mix of equity-based incentives is reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee each year, and is based on factors including competitive grant practices, balance between performance incentive and retention value, and the effectiveness of each equity vehicle for motivating and retaining critical leaders. 102 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127)  The CEO has the discretion to issue equity-based awards throughout the year to attract new hires and to retain current employees within limits set by the Compensation Committee. The number of units available throughout the year for these grants is pre-approved by the Compensation Committee at the January meeting. Subject to the Corporation's blackout periods, these grants typically take place at the beginning of a month. Any such grants to NEOs must be reviewed with the Compensation Committee at the next meeting following such grant and typically are reviewed in advance with the Chair of the Compensation Committee. No such grants were made to NEOs for 2015. RSUs NEOs may be granted RSUs under either the LTIP or the CSUP as part of the Corporation's annual equity grant. Such awards may be subject to vesting requirements, including time-based or other conditions as may be determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. RSUs granted by the Corporation generally vest in instalments of approximately one-third per year, over three years. Each vested RSU entitles the holder to one SVS on the release date. The payout value of the award is based on the number of RSUs being released and the market price of the SVS at the time of release. The Corporation has the right under the CSUP to settle RSUs in either cash or SVS. Under the LTIP, the Corporation may, at the time of grant, authorize grantees to settle RSUs either in cash or in SVS. Absent such permitted election, grants under the LTIP will be settled in SVS. If the Corporation has authorized a settlement by SVS or cash, the holder can choose which of these it receives. See Compensation of Named Executive Officers — Equity Compensation Plans. PSUs NEOs may be granted PSUs under the LTIP or the CSUP as part of the Corporation's annual equity grant. The vesting of such awards requires the achievement of specified performance-based conditions over a specified time period, as determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. PSUs granted by the Corporation generally vest at the end of a three-year performance period subject to pre-determined performance criteria. Each vested PSU entitles the holder to receive one SVS on the applicable release date. The payout value of the award is based on the number of PSUs that vest (which ranges from 0% to 200% of the target amount) and the market price of the SVS at the time of release. The Corporation has the right under the CSUP to settle the PSUs in either cash or SVS. Under the LTIP, the Corporation may, at the time of grant, authorize grantees to settle PSUs either in cash or in SVS. Absent such permitted election, grants under the LTIP will be settled in SVS. If the Corporation has authorized a settlement by — SVS or cash, the holder can choose which of these it receives. See Compensation of Named Executive Officers — Equity Compensation Plans. Stock Options NEOs may be granted stock options under the LTIP. The exercise price of a stock option is the closing market price on the business day prior to the date of the grant. In determining the number of stock options to be granted, the Corporation keeps within a maximum level for option annual "burn rate", which refers to the number of shares issuable pursuant to stock options granted under the LTIP in a given year relative to the total number of SVS outstanding. Stock options granted by the Corporation generally vest at a rate of 25% annually on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant and expire after a ten-year term. The LTIP is not an evergreen plan and no stock options have been re-priced. Other Compensation Benefits NEOs participate in the Corporation's health, dental, pension, life insurance and long-term disability programs. Benefit programs are determined with consideration given to market median levels in the local geographic region. Perquisites Perquisites are provided to executives on a case-by-case basis as considered appropriate in the interests of the Corporation. NEOs are entitled to a bi-annual comprehensive medical examination at a private health clinic. 103 2015 Compensation Decisions Each element of compensation is considered independently of the other elements. However, the total package is reviewed to ensure that the achievement of target levels of corporate and individual performance will result in total compensation that is generally comparable to the median total compensation of the Comparator Group. Comparator Group and Market Positioning Salary, target annual incentive and equity-based incentive grants for the NEOs were established with reference to the market median of the Comparator Group for each such element and were adjusted as deemed appropriate by the Compensation Committee. Base Salary The following table sets forth the annual base salary for the NEOs for the financial years ended December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2015: Table 9: NEO Base Salary Changes NEO Robert A. Mionis(1) Darren G. Myers Michael P. McCaughey Glen D. McIntosh Elizabeth L. DelBianco Year 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Salary ($) 850,000 — — 500,000 500,000 500,000 475,000 475,000 450,000 475,000 450,000 425,000 460,000 460,000 460,000 (1) Mr. Mionis was appointed as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and as a member of the Board, effective August 1, 2015. The base salaries for the NEOs were reviewed taking into account individual performance and experience, level of responsibility and median competitive data. The Compensation Committee granted an increase to Mr. McIntosh effective April 2015 (from $450,000 to $475,000), to improve alignment with the median base salaries of comparable executives within the Comparator Group and related benchmarks. In accordance with the employment agreement entered into upon the appointment of Mr. Mionis as President and CEO (the "CEO Employment Agreement"), he receives an annual base salary of $850,000. When setting the base salary for Mr. Mionis, the Compensation Committee considered his experience and the responsibilities and duties connected with the CEO position, as well as variable incentive compensation and median aggregate compensation. The Compensation Committee also reviewed benchmark salaries for CEOs with the Comparator Group companies, median competitive data and historical data concerning CEO base salary at the Corporation. 104 Equity-Based Incentives Annual Equity Grant Reporting With the transition of the CEO in 2015, the Compensation Committee reviewed the Corporation's equity grant practices with the Compensation Consultant. Following the review, the Corporation revised its disclosure with respect to its annual equity grant to reflect that equity grants made in-year are granted with respect to the current year performance, rather than as a reward in respect of the most recently completed year. This change was made in order to reflect that annual equity grants are intended to incentivize future performance and further connect pay for performance, and also to ensure direct accountability for the long-term financial performance of the Corporation. The revised grant disclosure does not impact how annual equity grants made in 2015 or prior years were reported. As a result, RSUs and PSUs granted on February 1, 2016, that would previously have been reported as 2015 compensation for the NEOs and included herein, will instead be reflected as part of 2016 compensation (the year of grant) in next year's Form 20-F. The reporting of grants made on January 23, 2015, which were reported as compensation earned by the NEOs in respect of 2014, as well as the reporting of grants made in prior year periods, will remain unchanged. See — NEO Equity Awards below. Equity Mix At its December 2015 meeting, the Compensation Committee determined that the mix of equity in respect of 2016 compensation would be comprised of RSUs (50% weight) and PSUs (50% weight), and that no stock options would be granted to NEOs, which was consistent with the equity mix reported in respect of 2014. In reaching its decision to maintain this mix in respect of 2016, the Compensation Committee took into account competitive equity compensation trends and practices among the Corporation's Comparator Group and the Corporation's critical need to attract and retain key talent to effectively execute on the Named Executive its strategic business goals. See Compensation Elements Officers — Equity-Based Incentives for a general description of the process for determining the amounts of these awards. for Sign-on Award Mr. Mionis received a special sign-on grant of 298,954 stock options under the LTIP (the "2015 Employment Inducement Options") on August 1, 2015 in connection with his appointment as President and CEO. The 2015 Employment Inducement Options were based on the share price of $13.38, which was the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on July 31, 2015. The Compensation Committee intended for the grant of the 2015 Employment Inducement Options to Mr. Mionis to strongly align his interests with shareholder interests and to directly link his compensation to the long-term share price of the Corporation. The 2015 Employment Inducement Options were a one-time grant and are subject to the standard vesting and forfeiture provisions under the LTIP. Transition Awards In April 2015, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of Transition Awards in the amount of $750,000 (in the form of 61,576 RSUs) to each of Messrs, Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco in connection with the appointment of the new CEO. The Transition Awards were designed to further incentivize the executive team during the CEO transition period. In determining the executives to receive Transition Awards, the Compensation Committee considered, among other factors, criticality to business continuity and leadership roles during the CEO transition period. The number of RSUs granted was based on a share price of $12.18, which was the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on April 29, 2015, the day prior to the date of grant. The Transition Awards will vest in full on the second anniversary of the grant date, being April 30, 2017. Such awards are subject to forfeiture in the event of voluntary termination. The Transition Awards were a one-time grant specifically designed to further incentivize the executive team during the CEO transition period and therefore, such awards were not considered when making other compensation decisions for the NEOs for 2015. Messrs. Mionis and Muhlhauser did not receive Transition Awards. 105 NEO Equity Awards The following table sets forth equity awards granted to the NEOs as part of their 2015 compensation: Name Robert A. Mionis Craig H. Muhlhauser Darren G. Myers Michael P. McCaughey Glen D. McIntosh Elizabeth L. DelBianco Table 10: NEO Equity Awards RSUs (#)(1) — — 61,576 61,576 61,576 61,576 PSUs (#) — — — — — — Stock Options (#)(2) Value of Equity Award(3) 298,954 — — — — — $ $ $ $ $ 1,399,202 — 750,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 (1) Represents the RSUs granted as Transition Awards. Grants were based on a share price of $12.18, which was the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on April 29, 2015. The RSUs will vest in full on the second anniversary of the grant date on April 30, 2017. (2) Represents the 2015 Employment Inducement Options granted to Mr. Mionis upon his appointment as President and CEO. The 2015 Employment Inducement Options vest rateably over a 4 year period, commencing on the first anniversary of the date of the grant. (3) For NEOs other than Mr. Mionis, represents the aggregate grant date fair value of the RSUs. Mr. Mionis's amount represents the grant date fair value of the 2015 Employment Inducement Options based on share price of $13.38, which was the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on July 31, 2015, and a Black Scholes option pricing model factor of 0.3498. Due to the change in equity grant disclosure described above, RSU and PSU grants made to NEOs in February 2016 are not included in the above table (see 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity-Based Incentives — Annual Equity Grant Reporting). The grant date fair value of such RSU and PSU grants is as follows: Name Robert A. Mionis Darren G. Myers Michael P. McCaughey Glen D. McIntosh Elizabeth L. DelBianco Grant Date Fair Value $ $ $ $ $ 5,000,000 1,600,000 1,550,000 1,350,000 1,425,000 The RSUs and PSUs granted to NEOs in 2016 will be reported as 2016 compensation in next year's Form 20-F. These awards will vest rateably over a three-year period, in the case of the RSUs, and at the end of a three year performance period, subject to pre-determined performance criteria, in the case of the PSUs. The number of PSUs that will actually vest will range from 0% to 200% of target and, consistent with past practice, will be determined based on Celestica's total shareholder return (as to 60% of such PSU grant) and non-IFRS ROIC positioning (as to 40% of such PSU grant) relative in each case to a comparator group selected by the Compensation Committee for each such purpose. 106 Annual Incentive Award (CTI) 2015 Business Results Factor The Business Results Factor portion of the CTI calculation is based on the achievement by the Corporation of specified targets with respect to certain pre-selected financial measures. The Business Results Factor for 2015 was 73% based on the following results: Table 11: Business Results Factor Measure(1) Non-IFRS Operating Margin (adjusted EBIAT Margin)(3) Revenue(4) Non-IFRS ROIC(5) Business Results Factor Weight 50% 25% 25% Achievement Relative to Target(2) Proportion of Final Business Results Factor 79% 65% 70% 40% 16% 17% 73% (1) See "Non-IFRS measures" in Item 5 "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" above for a discussion of non-IFRS operating margin (adjusted EBIAT margin) and non-IFRS ROIC, as well as a reconciliation of such non-IFRS measures to IFRS measures (where a comparable IFRS measure exists). These non-IFRS measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. (2) Positioning of Non-IFRS Operating Margin, Revenue and Non-IFRS ROIC are results between threshold and target levels. (3) Non-IFRS Operating Margin is a non -IFRS measure calculated as non-IFRS operating earnings (adjusted EBIAT) divided by Revenue. "Adjusted EBIAT" is defined as earnings before interest and fees relating to the Corporation's credit facilities and accounts receivable sales program, amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software), and income taxes. Non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT also excludes, in the periods where such charges have been recorded, employee stock-based compensation expense, restructuring and other charges (net of recoveries), gains or losses related to the repurchase of the Corporation's securities, and impairment charges. Target non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT must be achieved for the other measures in this table to pay above target. (4) Revenue means the Corporation's annual revenue. (5) Non-IFRS ROIC is a non-IFRS measure calculated as non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT divided by non-IFRS average net invested capital, where non-IFRS average net invested capital consists of total assets less cash, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and provisions, and income taxes payable, using a five-point average to calculate average non-IFRS net invested capital for the year (there is no comparable measure under IFRS). Individual Performance Factor At the beginning of each year, the Compensation Committee and the CEO agree on performance goals for the CEO. Goals for the other NEOs that align with the CEO's goals are then established and agreed to between the CEO and the respective NEOs, and are approved by the Compensation Committee. The performance of the CEO and the NEOs is measured against the established goals, but also contains subjective elements, such that criteria for, and payment of, the IPF of annual incentive awards remains at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. However, the Business Results Factor must be greater than zero for an executive to be entitled to any CTI payment. In 2015, the NEO's goals were established at the beginning of the year to align with the goals set for Mr. Muhlhauser as CEO until his successor was appointed in August 2015. Once Mr. Mionis was appointed as CEO, Mr. Mionis worked with Mr. Muhlhauser, the Board and the Compensation Committee to effectively transition the role of CEO and transition-related goals were set and approved by the Compensation Committee. Individual goals were established by the Compensation Committee for Mr. Mionis related to the goals and objectives of the Corporation for 2015 which were an extension of those set earlier in the year for Mr. Muhlhauser, with the addition of new goals under his leadership. The NEOs goals established at the beginning of 2015 were not adjusted during the transition period. 107 Chief Executive Officer In assessing Mr. Mionis' individual performance, the Compensation Committee typically considers the Corporation's objectives and results achieved, personal performance objectives as determined annually, as well as other factors the Committee considers relevant to the role of CEO. Personal performance objectives measure achievements in the areas of financial results, operational effectiveness, transformation and such other areas as are determined to merit particular focus in a given year. Mr. Mionis joined the Corporation in August 2015 and transitioned into the role over the next several months. Although Mr. Mionis had transitional objectives and his performance was reviewed by the Committee, his IPF was set at 1.0 for 2015 pursuant to the CEO Employment Agreement. Mr. Mionis has submitted his personal objectives for 2016 which have been approved by the Board. Other NEOs Each of the other NEOs has responsibility for achievement of the overall corporate goals and objectives. Each NEO has performance objectives that are assessed at year-end and objective measures that align with the targets for the CEO. The CEO undertakes an assessment of the NEO's contributions to the Corporation's results, including the CEO's assessment of each of the NEO's contributions as a part of the senior leadership team. Based on the CEO's assessment, the Compensation Committee considered each of the NEOs to have either met expectations or exceeded expectations for 2015 based on his or her individual performance and contribution to corporate goals and objectives. Factors considered in the evaluation of each NEO included the following: Mr. Myers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. McCaughey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. McIntosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (cid:127) Individual performance was measured by the extent to which the finance organization contributed to the Corporation's performance as well as his leadership as assessed by the CEO (cid:127) Partner with the business to drive a sales and marketing culture inside the Corporation while preserving strong financial processes (cid:127) Leader for the global business services model which will accelerate the speed to outcome for the administrative functions of the business and scale services (cid:127) Under his leadership, the finance organization continues to work collaboratively with business leaders to anticipate and prepare for opportunities in order to achieve the Corporation's strategic goals (cid:127) Returned over $400 million to shareholders through share repurchases (cid:127) Responsible for the Corporation's Communications and Enterprise business unit, which includes the Managed Services organizations that are comprised of Global Design, JDM, Engineering and After-Market Services (cid:127) The Communications end market represented 40% of total revenue; Cisco, IBM and Juniper individually contributed greater than 10% of total revenue (cid:127) Recognized by Cisco as EMS Partner of the Year Award for the second consecutive year and for the fourth time in the past six years (cid:127) Continued leadership of the JDM converged platform offering and its strategic development, which shipped over $1 billion of JDM products to the marketplace over the last five years (cid:127) Responsible for the Corporation's Operations and Supply Chain Management network by driving innovation and technology to continuously improve the speed, flexibility, quality and cost productivity globally throughout the network (cid:127) Under his leadership, the Corporation continues to maintain a strong operational track record which results in value for customers and suppliers 108 Ms. DelBianco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (cid:127) Experienced delays in ramping the solar business in Thailand, while installing new next-generation equipment; the strong demand environment helped to mitigate the adverse impact to profitability (cid:127) Improved the operational performance of the Semiconductor business and developed a sustainable plan for growth (cid:127) Successfully led a number of initiatives across the areas of her responsibility, including legal, compliance, human resources, communications and sustainability (cid:127) Effective handling of significant litigation matters, including resolution of the U.S. class action (cid:127) Provided key support for the CEO search process and the CEO transition (cid:127) Ensured appropriate governance and managed complexities with respect to significant corporate transactions (cid:127) Continued support of Board responsibilities and corporate governance matters (cid:127) Continued focus on sustainability as a competitive differentiator resulting in customer and industry recognition awards, including the Global 100 Most Sustainable Companies in the World by Corporate Knights for the second consecutive year Target Award The Target Incentive for each eligible NEO in 2015 was as follows: 125% for Mr. Mionis; 100% for Mr. Myers; and 80% for Messrs. McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco. The Target Incentive for each of Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco was not changed from 2014. The Target Award for each eligible NEO is equal to the Target Incentive (as set out above) multiplied by such NEO's base salary, except in the case of Mr. Mionis, for which his Target Award is equal to the Target Incentive (as set out above) multiplied by the prorated amount of his annualized salary in respect of 2015 given that his appointment was effective August 1, 2015. Other CEO Compensation In accordance with the CEO Employment Agreement, Mr. Mionis also received a payment on February 12, 2016 in respect of 2015 in the amount of $737,375 (the "Contractual Payment") which was calculated under the framework of the CTI based on a deemed target achievement for the Business Results Factor and the IPF. Given Mr. Mionis' level of experience and leadership, the Compensation Committee approved the Contractual Payment as an incentive to join the Corporation and to motivate him to quickly embrace the leadership role and achieve corporate and individual goals for the duration of 2015 and to continue with the momentum to establish the future business strategy for the Corporation. The CEO Employment Agreement also provides for certain perquisites, including costs related to his interim living arrangements and relocation and tax equalization payments in order to assist with Mr. Mionis' transition from the United States to the Corporation's head office in Toronto, Canada. 109 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Summary Compensation Table The following table sets forth the compensation of the NEOs for the financial years ended December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2015. Table 12: Summary Compensation Table Name & Principal Position Robert A. Mionis(7) President and Chief Executive Officer Craig H. Muhlhauser(8) Former President and Chief Executive Officer Darren G. Myers EVP, Chief Financial Officer Michael P. McCaughey EVP, Communications, Enterprise and Managed Services Glen D. McIntosh EVP Global Operations and Supply Chain Management Elizabeth L. DelBianco EVP and Chief Legal & Administrative Officer Year Salary ($) 2015 $ 356,301 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 475,000 468,836 437,671 468,836 443,836 418,836 460,000 460,000 456,055 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Share- based Awards ($)(1)(2) — — — — 5,500,000 5,500,000 750,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 750,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 750,000 1,350,000 1,200,000 750,000 1,425,000 1,425,000 Option- based Awards ($)(3) 1,399,202 $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation Annual Incentive Plans ($)(4) Pension Value ($)(5) All Other Compensation ($)(6) Total Compensation ($) 325,125 $ 28,413 $ 872,388 $ 2,981,429 — — 912,500 1,237,500 1,525,000 419,750 495,000 536,800 319,010 371,318 512,601 273,800 456,973 367,905 268,640 400,752 445,109 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — 166,777 186,850 115,000 75,307 79,724 49,497 64,711 75,403 46,434 70,113 62,627 46,927 65,509 69,710 49,895 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — 131,062 96,477 188,723 1,218 746 800 1,054 999 1,071 1,463 999 1,071 1,316 1,225 1,314 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — 2,210,339 8,020,827 8,328,723 1,746,275 2,675,470 2,687,097 1,609,775 2,416,556 2,497,777 1,564,212 2,314,435 2,034,739 1,545,465 2,356,687 2,377,373 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (1) All amounts in this column represent the grant date fair value of share-based awards. Amounts in this column for 2015 represent the RSUs granted as Transition Awards in connection with the CEO transition period. Grants were based on a share price of $12.18, which was the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on April 29, 2015 (the day prior to the date of grant). The RSUs will vest in full on April 30, 2017. See Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Compensation Elements for the Named Executive Officers — Equity-Based Incentives for a description of the process followed in determining the grant, and see Compensation Discussion and Analysis — 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity-Based Incentives for a description of the vesting terms of the awards. Due to the revised disclosure with respect to the annual equity grant made to reflect that equity grants made in-year are granted with respect to the current year performance and to incentivize future performance, rather than as a reward in respect of the most recently completed year, the following grant date fair values of RSU and PSU grants made on February 1, 2016 are not included in the table: Mr. Mionis — $5,000,000; Mr. Myers — $1,600,000; Mr. McCaughey — $1,550,000; Mr. McIntosh — $1,350,000; and Ms. DelBianco $1,425,000. See Compensation Discussion and Analysis — 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity-Based Incentives — Annual Equity Grant Reporting and Compensation Discussion and Analysis — 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity-Based Incentives — NEO Equity Awards. (2) The estimated accounting fair value of the share-based awards is calculated using the market price of SVS as defined under each of the plans and various fair value pricing models. The grant date fair value of the RSU portion of the share-based awards in Table 12 is the same as the accounting fair value of such awards. The accounting fair values for the PSU portion of the 2013 and 2014 share-based awards reflects various assumptions as to estimated vesting for such awards in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The grant date fair value for the PSU portion of the share-based awards reflects the dollar amount of the award intended for compensation purposes, based on the market value of the underlying shares on the grant dates based on an assumption of the vesting of 100% of the target number of PSUs granted. The accounting fair value for these NEOs assumed a zero forfeiture rate for all equity-based awards. 60% of the PSUs granted with respect to 2013 and 2014 performance vest depending on the level of achievement of a market performance condition, TSR, over a three-year period relative to the TSR of a pre-defined comparator group. For the 2013 grant, the comparator group was a pre-defined EMS competitor group, and for 2014, the comparator group was based on the S&P 1500 Technology Index with the addition of Flextronics International Ltd., and which remain publicly traded on an established U.S. stock exchange for the entire performance period. The cost the Corporation records for the PSUs that vest based on TSR performance is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The number of awards expected to be earned is factored 110 into the grant date Monte Carlo valuation for the award. The grant date fair value is not subsequently adjusted regardless of the eventual number of awards that are earned based on the market performance condition. 40% of the PSUs granted with respect to 2013 and 2014 performance vest depending on the level of achievement of non-IFRS ROIC (a non-market performance condition), over a three-year period, based on Celestica's non-IFRS ROIC relative to the non-IFRS ROIC of a pre-determined EMS competitor group (in each case as determined by the Corporation). The cost the Corporation records for PSUs that will vest based on ROIC performance is determined based on the market value of SVS at the time of grant, and such cost may be adjusted (usually during the last year of the three-year performance period) based on management's estimate of the relative level of achievement of ROIC, as outlined above. (3) Represents the 2015 Employment Inducement Options granted to Mr. Mionis on August 1, 2015 in connection with his appointment as President and CEO. The grant date fair value of the option based award is the same as the accounting fair value of such award and was based on the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on July 31, 2015 (being $13.38), and a Black Scholes factor of 0.3498. The Black-Scholes factor was determined using the average following variables for each of the four vesting tranches: (i) volatility of 35%; (ii) risk-free interest rate of 1.6%; and (iii) expected life of the stock options of 5.5 years. There were no other stock options granted to the NEOs with respect to 2013, 2014 and 2015 performance. (4) Amounts in this column represent CTI incentive payments made to NEOs. See Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Compensation Elements for the Named Executive Officers — Celestica Team Incentive Plan for a description of the plan. (5) (6) Pension values for Messrs. Mionis, Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco are reported in U.S. dollars, having been converted from Canadian dollars. Converted to U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for 2015 of $1.00 equals C$1.2791. In 2015, amounts in this column for Mr. Muhlhauser include: tax equalization payments of $64,296; housing expenses of $28,315 while in Canada, group life insurance premiums totalling $14,097, a 401(k) contribution of $15,900, travel expenses between Toronto and New Jersey of $5,954 and tax preparation fees of $2,500. In 2015, amounts in this column for Mr. Mionis represent amounts for items provided for under the CEO Employment Agreement, including: the Contractual Payment in the amount of $737,375, interim housing expenses of $35,493, relocation expenses of $15,079, interim travel expenses of $17,206, a tax equalization payment of $56,924, benefits coverage of $6,271 and tax services for U.S. and Canadian tax matters of $4,040. (7) Mr. Mionis was appointed as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and as a member of the Board, effective August 1, 2015 and accordingly, annualized amounts have been pro-rated to reflect actual compensation paid, awarded or earned. (8) Mr. Muhlhauser retired as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and as a member of the Board, effective August 1, 2015 and remained with the Corporation as a special advisor to the Board until December 31, 2015. See — Termination of Employment and Change in Control Arrangements with Named Executive Officers — Arrangements Regarding Retirement of Former Chief Executive Officer for a description of the compensation received by Mr. Muhlhauser in connection with his retirement and subsequent service as a special advisor to the Board. 111 Option-Based and Share-Based Awards The following table provides details of each stock option grant outstanding (vested and unvested) and the aggregate number of unvested share-based awards for each of the NEOs as of December 31, 2015. Table 13: Outstanding Option-Based and Share-Based Awards(1) Option-Based Awards Share-Based Awards Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Option Exercise Price ($) Option Expiration Date Value of Unexercised In-the- Money Options ($)(2) Number of Shares or Units that have not Vested (#)(3) Payout Value of Share- Based Awards that have not Vested at Minimum ($)(4) Payout Value of Share- Based Awards that have not Vested at Target ($)(4) Payout Value of Share- Based Awards that have not Vested at Maximum ($)(4) Payout Value of Vested Share-Based Awards Not Paid Out or Distributed ($) 298,954 C$ 17.52 Aug. 1, 2025 — — — — — $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 148,488 125,000 225,000 220,833 217,865 258,462 287,270 301,655 — — 26,144 C$ 31,015 C$ 19,151 C$ 75,414 C$ — — — 12,767 C$ 46,924 C$ — — — 11,172 C$ 40,220 C$ — — — 38,769 C$ 45,484 C$ 47,762 C$ — — — 10.00 6.05 6.51 4.13 10.20 9.87 8.21 8.24 — — 10.77 9.87 8.26 8.29 — — — 8.26 8.29 — — — 8.26 8.29 — — — 9.87 8.26 8.29 — — — $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Jan. 31, 2016 Feb. 2, 2017 Feb. 5, 2018 Feb. 3, 2019 Feb. 2, 2020 Feb. 1, 2021 Jan. 31, 2022 Jan. 28, 2023 — — Feb. 2, 2020 Feb. 1, 2021 Jan. 31, 2022 Jan. 28, 2023 — — — Jan. 31, 2022 Jan. 28, 2023 $ $ — — — Jan. 31, 2022 Jan. 28, 2023 $ $ — — — Feb. 1, 2021 Jan. 31, 2022 Jan. 28, 2023 $ $ $ — — — 152,943 622,500 1,017,000 1,523,748 180,828 299,816 810,101 841,617 — — 92,590 131,664 105,405 413,300 — — — 70,268 257,163 — — — 61,489 220,422 — — — 164,581 250,338 261,756 — — — — — — — — — — 186,253 387,558 319,585 — — — 63,714 144,455 141,718 61,576 — 59,466 135,427 132,860 61,576 — 50,971 108,342 119,574 61,576 — — 60,528 128,655 126,216 61,576 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — — — — — — — 2,190,856 2,686,665 — — — — 691,161 847,582 736,544 — — 647,968 794,605 736,544 — — 518,377 715,144 736,544 — — — 615,565 754,869 736,544 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — — — — — — 2,054,371 4,274,765 3,525,023 — — — 762,117 1,727,904 1,695,165 736,544 — 711,305 1,619,915 1,589,210 736,544 — 609,691 1,295,937 1,430,289 736,544 — — 724,008 1,538,911 1,509,737 736,544 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — — — — — — 4,108,741 6,358,674 4,363,380 — — — 1,524,235 2,764,646 2,542,747 736,544 — 1,422,609 2,591,861 2,383,814 736,544 — 1,219,383 2,073,496 2,145,433 736,544 — — 1,448,016 2,462,258 2,264,606 736,544 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Name Robert A. Mionis(5) Aug. 1, 2015 Craig H. Muhlhauser(6) Jan. 31, 2006 Feb. 2, 2007 Feb. 5, 2008 Feb. 3, 2009 Feb. 2, 2010 Feb. 1, 2011 Jan. 31, 2012 Jan. 28, 2013 Feb. 4, 2014 Jan. 23, 2015 Darren G. Myers Feb. 2, 2010 Feb. 1, 2011 Jan. 31, 2012 Jan. 28, 2013 Feb. 4, 2014 Jan. 23, 2015 Apr. 30, 2015 Michael P. McCaughey Jan. 31, 2012 Jan. 28, 2013 Feb. 4, 2014 Jan. 23, 2015 Apr. 30, 2015 Glen D. McIntosh Jan. 31, 2012 Jan. 28, 2013 Feb. 4, 2014 Jan. 23, 2015 Apr. 30, 2015 Elizabeth L. DelBianco Feb. 1, 2011 Jan. 31, 2012 Jan. 28, 2013 Feb. 4, 2014 Jan. 23, 2015 Apr. 30, 2015 (1) (2) Includes the RSUs granted as Transition Awards in connection with the CEO transition period. See Compensation Discussion and Analysis — 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity-Based Incentives for a discussion of the equity grants. Does not include share-based awards granted to Messrs. Mionis, Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco on February 1, 2016. The value of unexercised in-the-money stock options for Mr. Muhlhauser was determined using a share price of $11.03, which was the closing price of SVS on the NYSE on December 31, 2015. For Messrs. Mionis, Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco, a share price of C$15.30 was used, which was the closing price of the SVS on the TSX on December 31, 2015, converted to U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for 2015 of $1.00 equals C$1.2791. (3) Includes unvested RSUs, as well as PSUs assuming achievement of 100% of target level performance. (4) Payout values at minimum vesting include the value of RSUs, only as the minimum value of PSUs would be $0.00 if the performance condition is not met. Payout value at target vesting is determined assuming vesting of 100% of the target number of PSUs and payout values at maximum vesting is determined assuming vesting of 200% of the target number of PSUs. Payout values for Mr. Muhlhauser are determined using a share price of $11.03, which was the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on December 31, 2015. Payout values for Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and 112 Ms. DelBianco are determined using a share price of C$15.30, which was the closing price of the SVS on the TSX on December 31, 2015, converted to U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for 2015 of $1.00 equals C$1.2791. (5) The grant date fair value of the 2015 Employment Inducement Options granted to Mr. Mionis was based on the closing price of the SVS on the NYSE on July 31, 2015 (being $13.38). (6) As Mr. Muhlhauser retired as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and as a member of the Board, effective August 1, 2015, his unvested equity based awards were eligible for retirement treatment under the LTIP and CSUP. Unvested stock options continue to vest and vested options are exercisable until the earlier of three years following retirement and the original expiry date; unvested RSUs will continue to vest on their vesting date; and unvested PSUs vest based on actual performance on a pro rata basis based on the number of days between the date of grant and the date of retirement. The following table provides details for each NEO of the value of option-based and share-based awards that vested during 2015 and the value of annual incentive awards earned in respect of 2015 performance. Table 14: Incentive Plan Awards — Value Vested or Earned in 2015 Option-based Awards — Value Vested During the Year ($)(1) — Share-based Awards — Value Vested During the Year ($)(2) — 493,411 172,707 188,615 167,513 264,916 $ $ $ $ $ 4,015,978 1,032,000 1,132,666 871,473 1,201,580 Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation — Value Earned During the Year ($)(3) 325,125 912,500 419,750 319,010 273,800 268,640 $ $ $ $ $ $ Name Robert A. Mionis Craig H. Muhlhauser Darren G. Myers Michael P. McCaughey Glen D. McIntosh Elizabeth L. DelBianco $ $ $ $ $ (1) Amounts in this column and in the sub-tables within this footnote reflect the value of stock options that vested in 2015 and were in-the-money on the vesting date. Stock options for Mr. Muhlhauser vested as follows: Vesting Date January 28, 2015 January 31, 2015 February 1, 2015 Exercise Price $ $ $ 8.24 8.21 9.87 $ $ $ Closing Price on NYSE of SVS on Vesting Date 10.85 11.17 11.17 Stock options for Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco vested as follows: Vesting Date January 28, 2015 January 31, 2015 February 1, 2015 Exercise Price Closing Price on TSX of SVS on Vesting Date C$ C$ C$ 8.29 C$ 8.26 C$ 9.87 C$ 13.59 14.04 14.04 (2) Amounts in this column reflect share-based awards that were released in 2015. Share-based awards were released for Mr. Muhlhauser based on the price of the SVS on the NYSE as follows: Type of Award RSU PSU RSU RSU Date January 28, 2015 January 31, 2015 February 4, 2015 December 1, 2015 $ $ $ $ Price 10.85 11.17 11.20 11.37 113 Share-based awards were released for Mr. McCaughey based on the price of the SVS on the TSX as follows: Type of Award RSU PSU RSU RSU RSU Date January 28, 2015 January 31, 2015 February 4, 2015 February 5, 2015 December 1, 2015 C$ C$ C$ C$ C$ Price 13.59 14.04 14.07 14.45 15.17 Share-based awards were released for Messrs. Myers and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco based on the price of the SVS on the TSX as follows: Type of Award RSU PSU RSU RSU Date January 28, 2015 January 31, 2015 February 4, 2015 December 1, 2015 Price C$13.59 C$14.04 C$14.07 C$15.17 All of the preceding C$ values were converted to U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for 2015 of $1.00 equals C$1.2791. PSUs based on the Corporation's comparative TSR ranking vested in 2015 at 60% of the target number granted because the Corporation's TSR (the sole performance vesting criterion for such PSUs) ranked 4th and was within 5 percentage points of the TSR performance of the 5th ranked member of a pre-defined EMS competitor group then in effect resulting in an average of the vesting levels, i.e., (40% + 80%)/2. (3) Consists of payments under the CTI made on February 12, 2016 in respect of 2015 performance. See Compensation Discussion and Analysis — 2015 Compensation Decisions — Annual Incentive Award — Target Award . These are the same amounts as disclosed in Table 12 under the column "Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation — Annual Incentive Plans". The following table sets out the gains realized by NEOs from exercising stock options in 2015. Table 15: Gains Realized by NEOs from Exercising Options Name Robert A. Mionis Craig H. Muhlhauser Darren G. Myers Michael P. McCaughey Glen D. McIntosh Elizabeth L. DelBianco 114 Amount — — — 197,873 220,087 304,665 $ $ $ Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans Table 16: Equity Compensation Plans as at December 31, 2015(1) Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Securityholders Plan Category LTIP (Options) LTIP (RSUs) LTIP (PSUs)(4) Total(5) Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (#) 2,934,460 890 3,654,792 6,590,142 Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights ($) $7.93/C$11.47 N/A N/A $7.93/C$11.47 Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans(2) (#) N/A(3) N/A(3) N/A(3) 9,203,248 (1) This table sets forth information, as of December 31, 2015, with respect to subordinate voting shares of the Corporation authorized for issuance under the LTIP, and does not include subordinate voting shares of the Corporation purchased (or to be purchased) in the open market to settle equity awards under the LTIP or the Corporation's other equity compensation plans. The LTIP, which was approved by the Corporation's shareholders, is the only equity compensation plan pursuant to which the Corporation may issue new subordinate voting shares to settle equity awards. (2) Excluding securities that may be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options, warrants and rights. (3) The LTIP provides for a maximum number of securities that may be issued from treasury, but does not provide separate maximums for each type of award thereunder. (4) Assumes the maximum payout for all outstanding PSUs (200% of target). (5) The total number of securities issuable upon the exercise/settlement of outstanding grants under all equity compensation plans approved by shareholders represents 4.593% of the total number of outstanding shares at December 31, 2015 (LTIP (Options) — 2.045%; LTIP (RSUs) — 0.001%; and LTIP (PSUs) — 2.547%). Equity Compensation Plans Long-Term Incentive Plan The LTIP (which was approved by the Corporation's shareholders) is the only securities-based compensation plan providing for the issuance of securities from treasury under which grants have been made and continue to be made by the Corporation since the company was listed on the TSX and the NYSE. Under the LTIP, the Board of Directors may in its discretion from time to time grant stock options, share units (in the form of RSUs and PSUs) and stock appreciation rights ("SARs") to employees and consultants of the Corporation and affiliated entities. Up to 29,000,000 SVS may be issued from treasury pursuant to the LTIP. The number of SVS that may be issued from treasury under the LTIP to directors is limited to 2,000,000; however, the Corporation decided in 2004 that stock option grants under the LTIP would no longer be made to directors. Under the LTIP, as of February 10, 2016, 13,208,886 SVS have been issued from treasury, 2,930,668 SVS are issuable under outstanding stock options, 762,901 SVS are issuable under outstanding RSUs, and up to 3,639,348 SVS are issuable under outstanding PSUs (assuming vesting at 200% of target). Accordingly, as of February 10, 2016, 15,791,114 SVS are reserved for issuance from treasury pursuant to current and potential future grants of securities-based compensation under the LTIP. In addition, the Corporation may satisfy obligations under the LTIP by acquiring SVS in the open market. As of February 10, 2016, the Corporation had a "gross overhang" of 9.9%. "Gross overhang" refers to the total number of shares reserved for issuance from treasury under equity plans at any given time relative to the total number of shares outstanding, including shares reserved for outstanding stock options, RSUs and PSUs. The Corporation's "net overhang" ( i.e. the total number of shares that have been reserved for issuance from treasury to satisfy outstanding equity grants to employees relative to the total number of shares outstanding) was 5.1%. The LTIP limits the number of SVS that may be (a) reserved for issuance to insiders (as defined under TSX rules for this purpose), and (b) issued within a one-year period to insiders pursuant to stock options, rights or 115 share units granted pursuant to the LTIP, together with SVS reserved for issuance under any other employee-related plan of the Corporation or stock options for services granted by the Corporation, in each case to 10% of the aggregate issued and outstanding SVS and MVS of the Corporation. The LTIP also limits the number of SVS that may be reserved for issuance to any one participant pursuant to stock options, SARs or share units granted pursuant to the LTIP, together with SVS reserved for issuance under any other employee-related equity plan of the Corporation or stock options for services granted by the Corporation, to 5% of the aggregate issued and outstanding SVS and MVS. The aggregate number of options, rights and share units that may be granted under the LTIP in any given year is limited such that the aggregate of the SVS issuable upon option exercise, the number of rights granted and the number of share units (in the case of PSUs, at the target level of vesting) cannot exceed 1.2% of the average aggregate number of SVS and MVS outstanding during that period. Vested stock options issued under the LTIP may be exercised during a period determined as provided in the LTIP, which may not exceed ten years. The LTIP also provides that, unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, stock options will terminate within specified time periods following the termination of employment of an eligible participant with the Corporation or affiliated entities, including in connection with a change of control. The exercise price for stock options issued under the LTIP is the closing price for SVS on the last business day prior to the grant. The TSX closing price is used for Canadian employees and the NYSE closing price is used for all other employees. The exercise of stock options may be subject to vesting conditions, including specific time schedules for vesting and performance-based conditions such as share price and financial results. The grant of stock options to, or exercise of stock options by, an eligible participant may also be subject to certain share ownership requirements. The interest of any participant under the LTIP is generally not transferable or assignable. However, the LTIP does provide that a participant may assign his or her rights to a spouse, or a personal holding company or family trust controlled by the participant, of which any combination of the participant, the participant's spouse, minor children or grandchildren are shareholders or beneficiaries, as applicable. Under the LTIP, eligible participants may be granted SARs, a right to receive a cash amount equal to the amount, if any, by which the market price of the SVS at the time of exercise of the SAR exceeds the market price of the SVS at the time of the grant. The market price used for this purpose is the weighted average price for SVS during the five trading days preceding the date of determination. The TSX market price is used for Canadian employees and the NYSE market price is used for all other employees. Such amounts may also be payable by the issuance of SVS (at the discretion of the Corporation). The exercise of SARs may also be subject to conditions similar to those which may be imposed on the exercise of stock options. To date, the Corporation has not granted any SARs under the LTIP. Under the LTIP, eligible participants may be allocated share units in the form of PSUs or RSUs. Each vested RSU and PSU entitles the holder to receive one SVS on the applicable release date (however, the number of PSUs that may vest range from 0% to 200% of a target amount). The issuance of such shares may be subject to vesting requirements similar to those described above with respect to the exercisability of stock options and SARs, including such time or performance-based conditions as may be determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion. The number of SVS that may be issued to any one person pursuant to the share unit program shall not exceed 1% of the aggregate issued and outstanding SVS and MVS. The number of SVS that may be issued under share units in the event of termination of employment without cause, death or long term disability is subject to pro-ration, unless otherwise determined by the Corporation. The LTIP provides for the express designation of share units as either RSUs (restricted share units), which have time-based vesting conditions or PSUs (performance share units), which have performance-based vesting conditions over a specified period. In the event a holder of PSUs retires, unless otherwise determined by the Corporation, the pro-rated vesting of such PSUs shall be determined based on the actual performance achieved during the period specified for the grant by the Corporation. The following types of amendments to the LTIP or the entitlements granted under it require the approval of the holders of the voting securities by a majority of votes cast by shareholders present or represented by proxy at a meeting: (a) increasing the maximum number of SVS that may be issued under the LTIP; 116 (b) reducing the exercise price of an outstanding stock option (including cancelling and, in conjunction therewith, regranting a stock option at a reduced exercise price); (c) extending the term of any outstanding stock option or SAR; (d) expanding the rights of participants to assign or transfer a stock option, SAR or share unit beyond that currently contemplated by the LTIP; (e) amending the LTIP to provide for other types of security-based compensation through equity issuance; (f) permitting a stock option to have a term of more than ten years from the grant date; (g) increasing or deleting the percentage limit on SVS issuable or issued to insiders under the LTIP; (h) increasing or deleting the percentage limit on SVS reserved for issuance to any one person under the LTIP (being 5% of the Corporation's total issued and outstanding SVS and MVS); (i) adding to the categories of participants who may be eligible to participate in the LTIP; and (j) amending the amendment provision, subject to the application of the anti-dilution or re-organization provisions of the LTIP. The Board may approve amendments to the LTIP or the entitlements granted under it without shareholder approval, other than those specified above as requiring approval of the shareholders, including, without limitation: (a) clerical changes (such as a change to correct an inconsistency or omission or a change to update an administrative provision); (b) a change to the termination provisions for the LTIP or for a stock option as long as the change does not permit the Corporation to grant a stock option with a termination date of more than ten years from the date of grant or extend an outstanding stock option's termination date beyond such date; and (c) a change deemed necessary or desirable to comply with applicable law or regulatory requirements. On July 22, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved an amended and restated LTIP, which amended the LTIP to reflect that change of control treatment for outstanding equity will be based on a "double trigger" requirement for future grants. The "double trigger" requirement provides that vesting of future grants will only occur if there's both a change of control event and the participant is terminated six months prior to, or one year following, such change of control event. Options, RSUs and PSUs (at target level performance) will vest on the later of the date of the change of control and the date of termination of the LTIP participant's employment. On October 19, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved an amendment to the definition of "retirement" under the LTIP to permit employees with 30 years of service who are less than 55 years of age to be eligible for the retirement treatment for any outstanding equity upon separation of service. Shareholder approval of such amendments was not required pursuant to the terms of the LTIP. Celestica Share Unit Plan The CSUP provides for the issuance of RSUs and PSUs in the same manner as provided in the LTIP, except that the Corporation may not issue shares from treasury to satisfy its obligations under the CSUP and there is no limit on the number of share units that may be issued as RSUs and PSUs under the terms of the CSUP. The share units may be subject to vesting requirements, including any time-based conditions established by the Board of Directors at its discretion. The vesting of PSUs also requires the achievement of specified performance-based conditions as determined by the Compensation Committee. On July 22, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved an amended and restated CSUP, which amended the CSUP to reflect that change of control treatment for outstanding RSUs and PSUs will be based on a "double trigger" requirement for future grants. The "double trigger" requirement provides that vesting of future grants will only occur if there's both a change of control event and the participant is terminated six months prior to, or one year following, such change of control event. RSUs and PSUs (at target level performance) will vest on the later of the date of the change of control and the date of termination of the CSUP participant's employment. On 117 October 19, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved an amendment to the definition of "retirement" under the CSUP to permit employees with 30 years of service who are less than 55 years of age to be eligible for the retirement treatment for any outstanding RSUs and PSUs upon separation of service. Pension Plans The following table provides details of the amount of Celestica's contributions to its defined contribution pension plans on behalf of the NEOs, and the accumulated value thereunder as of December 31, 2015 for each NEO. Name Robert A. Mionis Craig H. Muhlhauser(2) Darren G. Myers(3) Michael P. McCaughey(3) Glen D. McIntosh(3) Elizabeth L. DelBianco(3) Table 17: Defined Contribution Pension Plan Accumulated Value at Start of Year ($) — $ $ $ $ $ 1,042,490 324,911 305,290 429,807 679,806 Compensatory ($) Accumulated Value at End of Year(1) ($) $ $ $ $ $ $ 28,413 166,777 75,307 64,711 70,113 65,509 $ $ $ $ $ $ 29,298 1,205,708 427,915 372,254 498,943 733,331 (1) The difference between (i) the sum of the Accumulated Value at Start of Year column plus the Compensatory column and (ii) the Accumulated Value at End of Year column is attributable to non-compensatory changes in the Corporation's accrued obligations during the year ended December 31, 2015. (2) Amounts for Mr. Muhlhauser include amounts in his supplementary retirement plan, but do not include amounts in his 401(k) plan (each described below). Refer to Table 12 for the Corporation's contribution to Mr. Muhlhauser's 401(k) plan for 2015. (3) The difference between the Accumulated Value at Start of Year reported here and the Accumulated Value at End of Year reported in the 2014 Form 20-F for Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco is attributable to different exchange rates used in the 2014 Form 20-F and 2015 Form 20-F. The exchange rate used in the 2014 Form 20-F was $1.00 = C$1.1043. Until his retirement from the Corporation on December 31, 2015, Mr. Muhlhauser was a participant in two defined contribution retirement programs, one of which qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (United States) (the "401(k) Plan"). Under the 401(k) Plan, participating employees may defer 100% of their pre-tax earnings subject to any statutory limitations. The Corporation may make contributions for the benefit of eligible employees. The 401(k) Plan allows employees to choose how their account balances are invested on their behalf within a range of investment options provided by third-party fund managers. Retirement benefits depend on the performance of the investment options chosen. The Corporation contributes: (i) 3% of eligible compensation for the participant, and (ii) up to an additional 3% of eligible compensation by matching 50% of the first 6% contributed by the participant. The maximum contribution of the Corporation to the 401(k) Plan, based on the Internal Revenue Code rules and the 401(k) Plan formula for 2015, was $15,900. Mr. Muhlhauser was also a participant in an unqualified supplementary retirement plan that is also a defined contribution plan. It is designed to provide an annual contribution equal to the difference between (i) 8% of the participant's base salary and paid annual incentives and (ii) the amount that Celestica would contribute to the 401(k) Plan assuming the participant contributes the amount required to receive the matching 50% contribution by Celestica. A notional account was maintained for Mr. Muhlhauser and, pursuant to the plan, he was entitled to select from among the investment options available in the 401(k) Plan for the purpose of determining the return on his notional account. Messrs. Mionis, Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco participate in the defined contribution portion of the Corporation's registered pension plan for Canadian employees (the "Canadian Pension Plan"). The defined contribution portion of the Canadian Pension Plan allows employees to choose how the Corporation's contributions are invested on their behalf within a range of investment options provided by third-party fund managers. Retirement benefits depend upon the performance of the investment options chosen. 118 Messrs. Mionis, Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh and Ms. DelBianco also participate in an unregistered supplementary pension plan (the "Canadian Supplementary Plan"). This is also a defined contribution plan that is designed to provide an annual contribution of an amount equal to the difference between (i) the maximum annual contribution limit as determined in accordance with the formula set out in the Canadian Pension Plan and with Canada Revenue Agency rules and (ii) 8% of the total base salary and paid annual incentives. Notional accounts are maintained for each participant in the Canadian Supplementary Plan. Participants are entitled to select from among the investment options available in the Canadian Pension Plan for the purpose of determining the return on their Canadian Supplementary Plan notional accounts. Termination of Employment and Change in Control Arrangements with Named Executive Officers The Corporation has entered into employment agreements with certain of its NEOs in order to provide certainty to the Corporation and such NEOs with respect to issues such as obligations of confidentiality, non-solicitation and non-competition after termination of employment, the amount of severance to be paid in the event of termination of the NEO's employment, and to provide a retention incentive in the event of a change in control scenario. Mr. Mionis The CEO Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Mionis is entitled to certain severance benefits if, during a change of control period or a potential change of control period at the Corporation, he is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason as defined in his agreement (a "double trigger" provision) where good reason includes, without limitation, a material adverse change in position or duties, a specified reduction(s) in total compensation (including base salary, equity and CTI award), or a required relocation from Toronto at the time of a change of control. A change of control period is defined in his agreement as the 12-month period following a change of control. A potential change of control period is defined in his agreement as the period beginning upon the occurrence of a potential change of control and ending on the earlier of: (i) the end of the 6-month period following a potential change of control; and (ii) a change of control. The amount of the severance payment for Mr. Mionis is equal to: (i) base salary up to and including the termination date; (ii) a lump sum amount equal to his target payment under the CTI prorated to the date of termination; (iii) a lump sum amount equal to any payments accrued under the CTI in respect of the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which his termination occurs, if any; (iv) a lump sum amount equal to two times his eligible earnings (such eligible earnings calculated as his annual base salary plus the lesser of (a) his target payment under the CTI for the fiscal year during which his termination occurs based on target achievement of the Business Results Factor of 1.0 and an IPF of 1.0, and (b) payment received under the CTI for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which termination occurs); (v) vacation pay earned but unpaid up to and including the date of termination; (vi) a lump sum cash settlement of contributions to, or continuation of his pension and retirement plans for a two-year period; and (vii) a one-time lump sum payment of $100,000 in lieu of all future benefits and perquisites. In addition, upon a change of control (a) the stock options granted to him vest immediately, (b) the unvested PSUs granted to him vest immediately at the target level of performance specified in the terms of the PSU grant, and (c) the RSUs granted to him shall vest immediately. Outside a change in control period, upon termination without cause or resignation for good reason as defined in his agreement, the amount of the severance payment for Mr. Mionis is equal to: (a) base salary up to and including the termination date; (ii) a lump sum amount equal to any payments accrued under the CTI in respect of the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which his termination occurs; (iii) a lump sum amount equal to two times his eligible earnings (as calculated in the paragraph above); (iv) vacation pay earned but unpaid up to and including the date of termination; (v) a one-time lump sum payment of $100,000 in lieu of all future benefits and perquisites; and (vi) a lump sum cash settlement of contributions to, or continuation of his pension and retirement plans for a two-year period. In addition, (a) vested stock options may be exercised for a period of 30 days and unvested stock options are forfeited on the termination date, (b) RSUs shall vest immediately on a pro rata basis based on the ratio of (i) the number of full years of employment completed between the date of grant and termination of employment, to (ii) the number of years between the date of grant and the vesting date, and (c) PSUs vest based on actual performance on a pro rata basis based on the ratio of 119 (i) the number of full years of employment completed between the date of grant and the termination of employment, to (ii) the number of years between the date of grant and the vesting date. The foregoing entitlements are conferred on Mr. Mionis in part upon his fulfillment of certain confidentiality, non-solicitation and non-competition obligations for a period of two years following termination of employment. In the event of a breach of such obligations, the Corporation is entitled to seek appropriate legal, equitable and other remedies, including injunctive relief. The following table summarizes the incremental payments and benefits to which Mr. Mionis would have been entitled upon a change in control occurring on December 31, 2015, or if his employment had been terminated on December 31, 2015 as a result of a change in control, retirement or termination without cause (or with good reason). Change in Control — No Termination Change in Cash Portion — Control — Termination $ 2,675,376 Retirement Termination without Cause/with Good Reason — $ 2,675,376 Table 18: Mr. Mionis' Benefits Incremental Value of Option-Based and Share-Based Awards(1) Other Benefits(2) Total — — $ 434,923 — $ 3,110,299 — $ 434,923 $ 3,110,299 — — — — (1) No incremental amount would be received in respect of accelerated vesting of options, RSUs and PSUs, if any, on the assumption that the discount rate applied to calculate the net present value of the accelerated entitlements is not greater than the rate at which the SVS would otherwise be expected to appreciate over the period of acceleration. (2) Other benefits consist of group health benefits and pension plan contribution. Ms. DelBianco The employment agreement of Ms. DelBianco provides that she is entitled to certain severance benefits if, during a change in control period at the Corporation, she is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason as defined in her agreement (a "double trigger" provision), where good reason includes, without limitation, a material adverse change in position or duties or a required relocation from Toronto at the time of a change in control. A change in control period is defined in her agreement as the period (a) commencing on the date the Corporation enters into a binding agreement for a change in control, an intention is announced by the Corporation to effect a change in control or the Board adopts a resolution that a change in control has occurred, and (b) ending three years after the completion of the change in control or, if a change in control is not completed, one year following the commencement of the period. The amount of the severance payment for Ms. DelBianco is equal to three times her annual base salary and target annual incentive, together with a portion of her target annual incentive for the year, prorated to the date of termination. The agreement provides for a cash settlement to cover benefits that would otherwise be payable during the severance period, and the continuation of contributions to her pension and retirement plans until the third anniversary following her termination. In addition, upon a change of control (a) the stock options granted to her vest immediately, (b) the unvested PSUs granted to her vest immediately at target level performance unless the terms of a PSU grant provide otherwise, or on such other more favourable terms as the Board in its discretion may provide, and (c) the RSUs granted to her shall vest immediately. Outside a change in control period, upon termination without cause or resignation for good reason as defined in her agreement, the amount of the severance payment for Ms. DelBianco is equal to two times her annual base salary and target annual incentive, together with a portion of her target annual incentive for the year prorated to the date of termination. The Corporation's obligations provide for a cash settlement to cover benefits for a two year period following termination. In addition, the Corporation also provides for a cash settlement of contributions to, or continuation of their pension and retirement plans for a two year period. 120  Ms. DelBianco is eligible for retirement treatment under the LTIP or CSUP. In the event of her voluntary termination, or a termination without cause she will be considered to have retired under the LTIP and CSUP. In the event of such deemed retirement, (a) stock options continue to vest and vested options are exercisable until the earlier of three years following retirement or termination and the original expiry date, except that in the event of death within the first two years following retirement, vesting of options will cease one year after death, or on the original expiry date if earlier; (b) RSUs will continue to vest on their scheduled vesting date; and (c) PSUs vest based on actual performance on a pro rata basis based on the percentage represented by the number of days between the date of grant and the date of retirement as compared to the total number of days from the date of grant to the scheduled release date for the issuance of shares in respect of vested PSUs. The foregoing entitlements are conferred on Ms. DelBianco in part upon her fulfillment of certain confidentiality, non-solicitation and non-competition obligations for a period of two years following termination of employment. In the event of a breach of such obligations, the Corporation is entitled to seek appropriate legal, equitable and other remedies, including injunctive relief. The following table summarizes the incremental payments and benefits to which Ms. DelBianco would have been entitled upon a change in control occurring on December 31, 2015, or if her employment had been terminated on December 31, 2015 as a result of a change in control, retirement or termination without cause (or with good reason). Change in Control — No Termination Change in Cash Portion — Control — Termination $ 2,852,000 Retirement Termination without Cause/with Good Reason — $ 2,024,000 Table 19: Ms. DelBianco's Benefits Incremental Value of Option-Based and Share-Based Awards(1) Other Benefits(2) Total — — $ 244,696 — $ 3,096,696 — $ 162,855 $ 2,186,855 — — — — (1) No incremental amount would be received in respect of accelerated vesting of options, RSUs and PSUs, if any, on the assumption that the discount rate applied to calculate the net present value of the accelerated entitlements is not greater than the rate at which the SVS would otherwise be expected to appreciate over the period of acceleration. (2) Other benefits consist of group health benefits and pension plan contribution. Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh are subject to the Executive Guidelines. Upon termination without cause within two years following a change in control of the Corporation (a "double trigger" provision), Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh are eligible to receive a severance payment up to two times annual base salary and the lower of target or actual annual incentive for the previous year, subject to adjustment for factors including length of service, together with a portion of their annual incentive for the year, prorated to the date of termination. In addition, upon a change in control, (a) all unvested stock options granted to Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh vest on the date of change in control, (b) all unvested RSUs granted to them vest on the date of change in control, and (c) all unvested PSUs granted to them vest on the date of change in control at target level of performance unless the terms of a PSU grant provide otherwise, or on such other more favourable terms as the Board may in its discretion provide. Under the Executive Guidelines, the Corporation's group benefits and pension contributions to Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh discontinue on the date of termination. Outside of the two-year period following a change in control, upon termination without cause, Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh are entitled to payments and benefits that are substantially similar to those provided following a termination within two years of a change in control, except that (a) vested stock options may be exercised for a period of 30 days and unvested stock options are forfeited on the termination date, (b) RSUs shall vest immediately on a pro rata basis based on the ratio of (i) the number of full years of 121 employment completed between the date of grant and termination of employment, to (ii) the number of years between the date of grant and the vesting date, and (c) PSUs vest based on actual performance on a pro rata basis based on the ratio of (i) the number of full years of employment completed between the date of grant and the termination of employment, to (ii) the number of years between the date of grant and the vesting date. In the event of retirement, (a) stock options continue to vest and are exercisable until the earlier of three years following retirement and the original expiry date, (b) RSUs will continue to vest on their vesting dates, and (c) PSUs vest based on actual performance on a pro rata basis based on the percentage represented by the number of days between the date of grant and the date of retirement as compared to the total number of days from the date of grant to the scheduled release date for the issuance of shares in respect of vested PSUs. The foregoing entitlements are conferred on Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh in part upon their fulfillment of certain confidentiality, non-solicitation and non-competition obligations for a period of two years following termination of their employment. The following tables summarize the incremental payments to which Messrs. Myers, McCaughey and McIntosh would have been entitled upon a change in control occurring on December 31, 2015, or if their employment had been terminated on December 31, 2015 as a result of a change in control, retirement or termination without cause. Table 20: Mr. Myers' Benefits Cash Portion — Incremental Value of Option-Based and Share-Based Awards(1) — Other Benefits — Total — $ $ 2,259,250 — 2,259,250 — — — — $ 2,259,250 — — — $ 2,259,250 Change in Control — No Termination Change in Control — Termination Retirement Termination without Cause (1) No incremental amount would be received in respect of accelerated vesting of options, RSUs and PSUs, if any, on the assumption that the discount rate applied to calculate the net present value of the accelerated entitlements is not greater than the rate at which the SVS would otherwise be expected to appreciate over the period of acceleration. Table 21: Mr. McCaughey's Benefits Cash Portion — Incremental Value of Option-Based and Share-Based Awards(1) — Other Benefits — Total — $ $ 1,907,030 — 1,907,030 — — — — $ 1,907,030 — — — $ 1,907,030 Change in Control — No Termination Change in Control — Termination Retirement Termination without Cause (1) No incremental amount would be received in respect of accelerated vesting of options, RSUs and PSUs, if any, on the assumption that the discount rate applied to calculate the net present value of the accelerated entitlements is not greater than the rate at which the SVS would otherwise be expected to appreciate over the period of acceleration. 122 Table 22: Mr. McIntosh's Benefits Cash Portion — Incremental Value of Option-Based and Share-Based Awards(1) — Other Benefits — Total — $ $ 1,771,400 — 1,771,400 — — — — $ 1,771,400 — — — $ 1,771,400 Change in Control — No Termination Change in Control — Termination Retirement Termination without Cause (1) No incremental amount would be received in respect of accelerated vesting of options, RSUs and PSUs, if any, on the assumption that the discount rate applied to calculate the net present value of the accelerated entitlements is not greater than the rate at which the SVS would otherwise be expected to appreciate over the period of acceleration. Arrangements Regarding Retirement of Former Chief Executive Officer Effective August 1, 2015, Mr. Muhlhauser retired as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and was succeeded by Mr. Mionis. Mr. Muhlhauser remained with the Corporation as a special advisor to the Board, until December 31, 2015, in order to ensure an orderly transition process. In connection with Mr. Muhlhauser's retirement, the Corporation and Mr. Muhlhauser executed an agreement which provides for the following: continuation of his compensation arrangements for the duration of 2015, including the continuation of his base salary and benefits coverage; (cid:127) Mr. Muhlhauser was not eligible for equity award grants under the LTIP or CSUP for 2015 or thereafter; eligibility for an annual incentive payment for 2015 under the CTI (described below); continuation of the payment of Mr. Muhlhauser's housing expenses until December 31, 2015; and tax services for 2015 through 2018 in the amount of approximately $2,500 per year. Mr. Muhlhauser's unvested equity based awards are eligible for retirement treatment under the LTIP and CSUP as follows: unvested stock options continue to vest and, to the extent vested, are exercisable until the earlier of three years following retirement and the original expiry date; unvested RSUs will continue to vest on their regular scheduled vesting date; and unvested PSUs vest based on actual performance on a pro rata basis based on the number of days between the date of grant and the date of retirement. As of December 31, 2015, Mr. Muhlhauser no longer participates in the Corporation's pension plans. On February 12, 2016, Mr. Muhlhauser received a payment of $912,500 under the 2015 CTI which was calculated in accordance with the formula described above under Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Compensation Elements for the Named Executive Officers — Celestica Team Incentive Plan. The Business Results Factor used for the calculation was 73% as described above under Compensation Discussion and Analysis — 2015 Compensation Decisions — Annual Incentive Award — 2015 Business Results Factor . In determining the CTI award for Mr. Muhlhauser, the Compensation Committee recognized that he was responsible for the overall leadership and management of the Corporation until his retirement on August 1, 2015, and continued his contributions to the Corporation from August 1 to December 31, 2015 as a special advisor to the Board, providing support to ensure a smooth CEO transition process. 123 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) Performance Graph The SVS have been listed and posted for trading under the symbol "CLS" on the NYSE and the TSX since June 30, 1998 (except for the period commencing on November 8, 2004 and ending on May 15, 2006 during which the symbol on the TSX was CLS.SV). The following chart compares the cumulative TSR of C$100 invested in SVS with the cumulative TSR of the S&P/TSX Composite Total Return Index for the period from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2015. As can be seen from the performance graph above, an investment in the Corporation on January 1, 2011 would have resulted in a 58.5% increase in value over the five-year period ended December 31, 2015 compared with a 12.1% increase that would have resulted from an investment in the S&P/TSX Composite Total Return Index over the same period. Over the same period, total NEO Compensation (as defined below) decreased by 42.3%, which is due, in part, to the fact that RSUs and PSUs granted on February 1, 2016 that would previously have been reported as 2015 compensation for the NEOs and included herein will instead be reflected as part of 2016 compensation (the year of grant) in next year's Form 20-F (see Compensation Discussion and Analysis — 2015 Compensation Decisions — Equity-Based Incentives — Annual Equity Grant Reporting). In the medium to long term, compensation of the Corporation's NEOs is directly impacted by the market value of the SVS, as a significant portion of NEO Compensation is awarded in the form of equity based incentives with payout tied to the market price performance of the SVS. For the purpose of the above discussion, NEO Compensation is defined as aggregate annual compensation (i.e. the sum of base salary, CTI payments (if applicable) and the grant date fair value of share-based awards and option-based awards, but excluding all other compensation). The executive compensation values have been calculated for the NEOs based on the same methodology set out in Table 12. This is a methodology adopted by Celestica solely for the purposes of this comparison. It is not a recognized or prescribed methodology for this purpose, and may not be comparable to methodologies used by other issuers for this purpose. EXECUTIVE SHARE OWNERSHIP The Corporation has share ownership guidelines for the CEO, Executive Vice Presidents and Senior Vice Presidents (the "Executive Share Ownership Guidelines"). The Executive Share Ownership Guidelines provide that these individuals are to hold a multiple of their base salary in securities of the Corporation as shown in Table 23. Executives subject to the Executive Share Ownership Guidelines are expected to achieve the specified ownership within a period of five years following the later of: (i) the date of hire, or (ii) the date of promotion to 124 a level subject to ownership guidelines. Compliance is reviewed annually as of December 31 of each year. The Compensation Committee reviewed the Executive Share Ownership Guidelines in October 2015 and, in order to further align the interests of our executives with our shareholders, the Compensation Committee approved an increase for Executive Vice Presidents from two times salary to three times salary. Executive Vice Presidents will have five years from the approval of this change to achieve the guideline. The table below sets forth the compliance status of the applicable NEOs with the amended Executive Share Ownership Guidelines as of December 31, 2015: Table 23: Share Ownership Guidelines Name Robert A. Mionis(3) Darren G. Myers Michael P. McCaughey Glen D. McIntosh Elizabeth L. DelBianco Ownership Guidelines(1) $4,250,000 (5 × salary) $1,500,000 (3 × salary) $1,425,000 (3 × salary) $1,425,000 (3 × salary) $1,380,000 (3 × salary) $ $ $ $ Share and Share Unit Ownership (Value)(2) Share and Share Unit Ownership (Multiple of Salary) — — 3,966,940 3,537,387 3,672,692 3,864,846 7.9x 7.4x 7.7x 8.4x (1) (2) In October 2015, the Executive Share Ownership Guidelines were increased for Executive Vice Presidents from two times salary to three times salary. Executive Vice Presidents will have five years from the approval of this change to achieve the guideline. Includes the following, as of December 31, 2015: (i) SVS beneficially owned, (ii) all unvested RSUs, and (iii) PSUs that vested on January 28, 2016 at 128% of target, which, on December 31, 2015, was the Corporation's anticipated payout and was in fact the resulting payout; in each case, the value of which was determined using a share price of $11.03, the closing price of SVS on the NYSE on December 31, 2015. (3) Mr. Mionis was appointed as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and as a member of the Board, effective August 1, 2015 and had not accumulated any shareholdings as of December 31, 2015. The CEO Employment Agreement also provides that in the event of the cessation of Mr. Mionis' employment with the Corporation for any reason, he will be required to retain the share ownership level set out in the Executive Share Ownership Guidelines on his termination date for the 12 month period immediately following his termination date. C. Board Practices Members of the Board are elected until the next annual meeting or until their successors are elected or appointed. Each member of our senior management is appointed to serve at the discretion of our Board (subject to the terms and conditions of their respective employment agreements). See Item 6(A), "Directors and Senior Management" for details for the period during which each director has served in his/her office. Our non-management directors meet in camera (i.e., without our chief executive officer, chief financial officer or other members of management present) from time to time to consider such matters as they deem appropriate. In accordance with NYSE listing standards, "non-management" directors are all those who are not executive officers of the Corporation. We have designated the Chair of the Board as the presiding non-management director at all in camera sessions. The non-management directors can set their own agenda, maintain minutes and report back to the Board as a whole. Among the items that the non-management directors meet privately in camera to review is the performance of the Corporation's executive officers. Our Audit Committee, which consists solely of independent, non-management directors, met in camera immediately following each Audit Committee meeting in 2015. 125  The Board has determined that Mr. DiMaggio, Mr. Etherington, Ms. Koellner, Mr. Natale, Ms. Perry, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Wilson (constituting a majority of the Board) are independent directors under applicable independence standards in Canada and under NYSE listing standards. Except for the right to receive deferred compensation, no director is entitled to benefits from Celestica under any service contracts when they cease to serve as a director. See Item 6(B), "Compensation". Communications with the Board of Directors Shareholders and other interested parties may communicate with the Board, the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, any individual director, or all non-management or independent directors as a group, by writing to: Celestica Inc. 844 Don Mills Road Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3C 1V7 Attention: Board of Directors If the letter is from a shareholder, the letter should state that the sender is a shareholder. Under a process approved by the Board, depending on the subject matter, management will: forward the letter to the director or directors to whom it is addressed; or attempt to handle the matter directly (where information about the Corporation or its stock is requested); or not forward the letter if it is primarily commercial in nature or relates to an improper or irrelevant topic. A summary of all relevant communications that are received after the last meeting of the full Board and which are not forwarded will be presented at each meeting of the Board, together with any specific communication requested by a director to be presented to the Board. Shareholders and other interested parties who have concerns or complaints relating to accounting, internal accounting controls or other matters may also contact the Audit Committee by writing to the address set out above or by reporting the matter through our Ethics Hotline toll free at 1-888-312-2689. Callers outside the United States or Canada can place a collect call to 1-503-726-2457. Alternatively, concerns or complaints can be reported using a secure on-line web-based tool at www.ethics.celestica.com. All communications will be handled in a confidential manner, to the degree the law allows. Communications may be made on an anonymous basis; however, in these cases the reporting individual must provide sufficient details for the matter to be reviewed and resolved. The Corporation will not tolerate any retaliation against an employee who makes a good faith report. Board Committees The Board has three standing committees, each with a specific mandate (charter): the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. All of these committees are composed solely of independent directors (as that term is defined by the SEC and in the NYSE listing standards, as applicable). Audit Committee The Audit Committee consists of Ms. Koellner (Chair), Mr. DiMaggio, Mr. Etherington, Mr. Natale, Ms. Perry, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Wilson, all of whom the Board has determined are independent directors (as that term is defined by the SEC and in the NYSE listing standards) and are financially literate. All of the committee members have held executive positions with large corporations or financial services companies. The Audit Committee has a well-defined mandate which, among other things, sets out its relationship with, and expectations of, the external auditors, including the determination of the independence of the external auditors and approval of any non-audit services of the external auditor; the engagement, evaluation, remuneration and termination of the external auditor; its relationship with, and expectations of, the internal auditor function and 126 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) its oversight of internal control; and the disclosure of financial and related information. In addition to fulfilling the responsibilities as set forth in its mandate, in 2014, the Audit Committee established procedures for a formal annual review of the qualifications, expertise, resources and the overall performance of the Corporation's external auditor, including conducting a survey of each member of the Audit Committee and of certain key management personnel. The Audit Committee has direct communication channels with the internal and external auditors to discuss and review specific issues and has the authority to retain such independent legal, accounting, or other advisors as it may consider appropriate. The Audit Committee reviews and approves the mandate and plan of the internal audit department on an annual basis. The Audit Committee's duties include responsibility for reviewing financial statements with management and the auditors, monitoring the adequacy of Celestica's internal control procedures, and reviewing the adequacy of Celestica's processes for identifying and managing risk. The Audit Committee has established procedures for: (i) receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters and (ii) confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters. A copy of the Audit Committee Mandate is available on our website at www.celestica.com. Members of the Audit Committee do not serve on more than three audit committees of public companies, including that of Celestica. See Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert for a discussion of the Corporation's Audit Committee Financial Experts. Audit Committee Report: The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements with management; The Audit Committee has discussed with the independent auditors the matters required to be discussed by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Standard No. 16; The Audit Committee has received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent auditor as required by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent auditor's communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and has discussed with the independent auditor the independent auditor's independence; and Based on such review and discussions, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited financial statements be included in this Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2015 for filing with the SEC. The Audit Committee: Mr. DiMaggio Mr. Etherington Ms. Koellner Mr. Natale Ms. Perry Mr. Ryan Mr. Wilson Compensation Committee The Compensation Committee consists of Mr. Ryan (Chair), Mr. DiMaggio, Mr. Etherington, Ms. Koellner, Mr. Natale, Ms. Perry and Mr. Wilson, all of whom the Board has determined are independent directors pursuant to the rules of the SEC and NYSE listing standards. It is the responsibility of the Compensation Committee to define and communicate compensation policies and principles that reflect and support our strategic direction, business goals and desired culture. Pursuant to its mandate, the Compensation Committee: reviews and approves Celestica's overall reward/compensation policy, including an executive compensation policy that is consistent with competitive practice and supports organizational objectives and shareholder interests; reviews, modifies, as appropriate, and approves the elements of our incentive 127 compensation plans and equity-based plans, including plan design, performance targets, administration and total funds/shares reserved for payment; reviews the corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the CEO, as approved by the Board, evaluates the CEO's performance in light of these goals and objectives, and sets the compensation of the CEO based on this evaluation; approves the compensation of our most senior executives; maintains and reviews our succession plans for key executive positions; reviews material changes to our organizational structure and human resource policies; and regularly reviews the risks associated with our executive compensation policies and practices. See Item 6(B), "Compensation" for details regarding our processes and procedures for the consideration and determination of executive and director compensation and the role of our compensation consultant in making recommendations to the Compensation Committee regarding executive officer and director compensation. A copy of the Compensation Committee Mandate is available on our website at www.celestica.com. Compensation Committee Report: The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management and based on such review and discussions, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2015. The Compensation Committee: Mr. DiMaggio Mr. Etherington Ms. Koellner Mr. Natale Ms. Perry Mr. Ryan Mr. Wilson Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Mr. Etherington (Chair), Mr. DiMaggio, Ms. Koellner, Mr. Natale, Ms. Perry, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Wilson, all of whom are independent directors pursuant to NYSE listing standards. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee recommends to the Board the criteria for selecting candidates for nomination to the Board and the individuals to be nominated for election by our shareholders. The Committee's mandate includes making recommendations to the Board relating to the Corporation's approach to corporate governance; reviewing the Corporation's corporate governance guidelines and recommending appropriate changes to the Board; and assessing the effectiveness of the Board and its committees. A copy of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Mandate is available on our website at www.celestica.com. D. Employees As of December 31, 2015, we employed approximately 26,700 permanent and temporary (contract) employees worldwide (December 31, 2014 — 25,000; December 31, 2013 — 27,000). Some of our employees in China, Japan, Mexico, Romania, Singapore and Spain are represented by unions or are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe we have a productive and collaborative working relationship between management and the relevant unions. We believe that our employee relationships are generally positive and stable. 128  The following table sets forth information concerning our employees by geographic location for the past three fiscal years: Date December 31, 2013 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2015 Americas Number of Employees Europe 5,000 4,000 4,700 2,000 2,000 2,000 Asia 20,000 19,000 20,000 Given the variable nature of our project flow and the quick response time required by our customers, it is critical that we be able to quickly adjust our production up or down to maximize efficiency. To achieve this, our approach has been to employ a skilled temporary labor force, as required. As at December 31, 2015, approximately 3,700 temporary (contract) employees (December 31, 2014 — 4,000; December 31, 2013 — 4,400) were engaged by us worldwide. We used, on average for the year, approximately 3,900 temporary (contract) employees in 2015. E. Share Ownership The following table sets forth certain information concerning the direct and beneficial ownership of shares of Celestica at February 10, 2016 by each director, each NEO, each non-NEO executive officer, and all directors and executive officers of Celestica as a group as of such date. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each shareholder named below is Celestica's principal executive office. In this table, multiple voting shares are referred to as MVS and subordinate voting shares are referred to as SVS. Name of Beneficial Owner(1)(2) William A. Etherington Daniel P. DiMaggio Laurette T. Koellner Joseph M. Natale Carol S. Perry Eamon J. Ryan Gerald W. Schwartz(4)(5) Michael M. Wilson Craig H. Muhlhauser(6) Robert A. Mionis Darren G. Myers Elizabeth L. DelBianco Glen D. McIntosh John ("Jack") J. Lawless Michael P. McCaughey Arpad Hevizi All directors and executive officers as a group (15 persons)(7) Total percentage of all equity shares and total percentage of voting power(7) * Less than 1%. Voting Shares(3) 10,000 SVS 0 SVS 0 SVS 0 SVS 0 SVS 0 SVS 18,946,368 MVS 546,829 SVS 0 SVS 2,263,917 SVS 0 SVS 276,803 SVS 262,675 SVS 183,988 SVS 0 SVS 108,972 SVS 0 SVS Percentage of Class * — — — — — 100.0% * — 1.8% — * * * — * — Percentage of all Equity Shares * — — — — — 13.2% * — 1.6% — * * * — * — 18,946,368 MVS 1,389,267 SVS 100.0% 1.1% 13.2% * Percentage of Voting Power * — — — — — 79.2% * — * — * * * — * — 79.2% * 14.2% 79.4% (1) As used in this table, beneficial ownership means sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting of the security, or the sole or shared investment power with respect to a security (i.e., the power to dispose, or direct a disposition, of a security). A person is deemed at any date to have beneficial ownership of any security that such person has a right to acquire within 60 days of such date. In addition, certain SVS subject to stock options granted pursuant to management investment plans of Onex are included as owned beneficially by named individuals, even though the exercise of these stock options is subject to Onex meeting certain financial targets. More than one 129 person may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the same securities. Information with respect to stock options held by each NEO, including exercise price and expiration date, is included in Table 13. (2) (3) Information as to shares beneficially owned or shares over which control or direction is exercised is not within Celestica's knowledge. Except as otherwise disclosed, such information has been provided by each director and officer. Includes SVS subject to a total of 2,011,390 exercisable stock options as follows: Mr. Muhlhauser — 1,709,159; Mr. Myers — 126,586; Ms. DelBianco — 108,134; Mr. McIntosh — 31,282; and Mr. McCaughey — 36,229. Information with respect to such stock options, including exercise price and expiration date, is included in Table 13. (4) The address of this shareholder is: c/o Onex Corporation, 161 Bay Street, P.O. Box 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 2S1. (5) The number of shares beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, by Mr. Schwartz consists of 120,657 SVS owned by a company controlled by Mr. Schwartz, and all of the 18,946,368 MVS and 426,172 SVS beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, by Onex. Of the MVS owned beneficially by Onex, 1,170,208 MVS are subject to options granted to certain officers of Onex pursuant to certain management investment plans of Onex, which may be exercised upon specified dispositions by Onex (directly or indirectly) of Celestica's securities, with respect to which Onex has the right to vote or direct the vote ("MIP Options"), including 688,807 MIP Options granted to Mr. Schwartz (each of which MVS will, upon exercise of such options, be automatically converted into an SVS), and 945,010 MVS are held by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Onex. Mr. Schwartz is a director of Celestica and the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Onex, and owns multiple voting shares of Onex carrying the right to elect a majority of the Onex board of directors. Accordingly, under applicable securities laws, Mr. Schwartz is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the Celestica shares owned by Onex; Mr. Schwartz has advised Celestica, however, that he disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Onex. (6) Information as to shares beneficially owned or shares over which control or direction is exercised by Mr. Muhlhauser is provided based on public filings as of August 1, 2015, the date of his retirement as President and CEO of the Corporation. (7) Does not include SVS held by, or subject to exercisable stock options of, Mr. Muhlhauser, who was not an executive officer on February 10, 2016. Multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares have different voting rights. Multiple voting shares entitle the holder to 25 votes per share and subordinate voting shares entitle the holder to one vote per share. Subordinate voting shares represent approximately 21% of the aggregate voting rights attached to Celestica's shares. See Item 10, "Additional Information — Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation". At February 10, 2016, approximately 70 persons (including 5 of our 7 executive officers) held stock options to acquire an aggregate of 2.9 million subordinate voting shares. These stock options were issued pursuant to our Long-Term Incentive Plan. See Item 6(B), "Compensation" and note 12(b) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18 for a discussion of the different types of equity awards, including stock options, RSUs and PSUs, issuable to our employees. The following table sets forth information with respect to stock options outstanding as at February 10, 2016. 130 Beneficial Holders Executive Officers All other Celestica Employees* Outstanding Options Number of Subordinate Voting Shares Under Option Exercise Price Date/Year of Issuance Date of Expiry 26,144 C$10.77 69,784 C$9.87 88,574 C$8.26 210,320 C$8.29 298,954 C17.52 $10.00/C$11.43 171,804 $9.35-$11.52 11,825 $6.05/C$7.10 183,919 $5.77-$6.99 43,900 266,500 $6.51/C$6.51 13,000 C$6.21-C$6.66 $4.13 220,833 $10.20 217,865 $9.87/C$9.87 291,545 7,435 C$10.69 339,025 469,241 $8.21/C$8.26 $8.24/C$8.29 February 2, 2010 February 1, 2011 January 31, 2012 January 28, 2013 August 1, 2015 January 31, 2006 During 2006 February 2, 2007 During 2007 February 5, 2008 During 2008 February 3, 2009 February 2, 2010 February 1, 2011 March 11, 2011 January 31, 2012 January 28, 2013 February 2, 2020 February 1, 2021 January 31, 2022 January 28, 2023 August 1, 2025 February 12, 2016** March 6, 2016-December 5, 2016 February 2, 2017 February 26 2017-December 7, 2017 February 5, 2018 March 5, 2018-December 5, 2018 February 3, 2019 February 2, 2020 February 1, 2021 March 11, 2021 January 31, 2022 January 28, 2023 * ** Includes options currently held by Mr. Muhlhauser (who retired as President and CEO effective August 1, 2015, and remained a special advisor to the Board until December 31, 2015). The expiration date of these options was extended in accordance with the provisions of the governing plan to avoid expiration during a blackout period Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions A. Major Shareholders The following table sets forth certain information concerning the direct and beneficial ownership of the shares of Celestica at February 10, 2016 by each person known to Celestica to own beneficially, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of the subordinate voting shares or the multiple voting shares. In this table, multiple voting shares are referred to as MVS and subordinate voting shares are referred to as SVS. Multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares have different voting rights (see Item 6(E) above). Subordinate voting shares represent approximately 21% of the aggregate voting rights attached to Celestica's shares. See Item 10, "Additional Information — Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation" and Item 4(B) "Information on the Company — Business Overview — Controlling Shareholder Interest" above. Percentage of Class Percentage of all Equity Shares Percentage of Voting Power Name of Beneficial Owner(1) Onex Corporation(2) Gerald W. Schwartz(3) Letko, Brosseau & Associates Inc.(4) Mackenzie Financial Corporation(5) Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd.(6) Total percentage of all equity shares and total percentage of voting power * Less than 1%. Number of Shares 18,946,368 MVS 426,172 SVS 18,946,368 MVS 546,829 SVS 18,332,736 SVS 11,096,556 SVS 100.0% * 100.0% * 14.7% 8.9% 7,217,164 SVS 5.8% 13.2% * 13.2% * 12.8% 7.7% 5.0% 39.1% 79.2% * 79.2% * 3.1% 1.9% 1.2% 85.4% (1) As used in this table, beneficial ownership means sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting of the security, or the sole or shared investment power with respect to a security (i.e., the power to dispose, or direct a disposition, of a security). A person is deemed at any 131 date to have beneficial ownership of any security that such person has a right to acquire within 60 days of such date. More than one person may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the same securities. (2) Includes 945,010 MVS held by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Onex, and 1,170,208 MVS subject to MIP Options (including 688,807 MIP Options granted to Mr. Schwartz), each of which MVS will, upon exercise of such MIP Options, be automatically converted into an SVS. The percentage ownership of SVS beneficially owned by Onex (assuming conversion of all MVS) was 10.5% as of February 14, 2014, 11.1% as of February 11, 2015, and 13.2% as of February 10, 2016. The share provisions provide "coat-tail" protection to the holders of the subordinate voting shares by providing that the multiple voting shares will be converted automatically into subordinate voting shares upon any transfer thereof, except (i) a transfer to Onex or any affiliate of Onex or (ii) a transfer of 100% of the outstanding multiple voting shares to a purchaser who also has offered to purchase all of the outstanding subordinate voting shares for a per share consideration identical to, and otherwise on the same terms as, that offered for the multiple voting shares, and the multiple voting shares held by such purchaser thereafter shall be subject to the share provisions relating to conversion as if all references to Onex were references to such purchaser. In addition, if (i) any holder of any multiple voting shares ceases to be an affiliate of Onex, (ii) Onex and its affiliates, collectively, cease to have the right, in all cases, to exercise the votes attached to, or to direct the voting of, any of the multiple voting shares held by Onex and its affiliates, or (iii) if at any time the number of outstanding multiple voting shares represents less than 5% of the aggregate number of the outstanding multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares, such multiple voting shares shall convert automatically into subordinate voting shares on a one-for-one basis. For these purposes, (i) Onex includes any successor corporation resulting from an amalgamation, merger, arrangement, sale of all or substantially all of its assets, or other business combination or reorganization involving Onex, provided that such successor corporation beneficially owns directly or indirectly all multiple voting shares beneficially owned directly or indirectly by Onex immediately prior to such transaction and is controlled by the same person or persons as controlled Onex immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction; (ii) a corporation shall be deemed to be a subsidiary of another corporation if, but only if, (a) it is controlled by that other, or that other and one or more corporations each of which is controlled by that other, or two or more corporations each of which is controlled by that other, or (b) it is a subsidiary of a corporation that is that other's subsidiary; (iii) "affiliate" means a subsidiary of Onex or a corporation controlled by the same person or company that controls Onex; and (iv) "control" means beneficial ownership of, or control or direction over, securities carrying more than 50% of the votes that may be cast to elect directors if those votes, if cast, could elect more than 50% of the directors. For these purposes, a person is deemed to beneficially own any security which is beneficially owned by a corporation controlled by such person. Onex, which owns all of the outstanding multiple voting shares, has entered into an agreement with Computershare Trust Company of Canada (as successor to the Montreal Trust Company of Canada), as trustee for the benefit of the holders of the subordinate voting shares, for the purpose of ensuring that the holders of subordinate voting shares will not be deprived of any rights under applicable take-over bid legislation to which they would be otherwise entitled in the event of a take-over bid (as that term is defined in applicable securities legislation) if multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares were of a single class of shares. Subject to certain permitted forms of sale, such as identical or better offers to all holders of subordinate voting shares, Onex has agreed that it, and any of its affiliates that may hold multiple voting shares from time to time, will not sell any multiple voting shares, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a take-over bid (as that term is defined under applicable securities legislation) under circumstances in which any applicable securities legislation would have required the same offer or a follow-up offer to be made to holders of subordinate voting shares if the sale had been a sale of subordinate voting shares rather than multiple voting shares, but otherwise on the same terms. The address of Onex is: c/o Onex Corporation, 161 Bay Street, P.O. Box 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 2S1. (3) The number of shares beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, by Mr. Schwartz consists of 120,657 SVS owned by a company controlled by Mr. Schwartz, and all of the 18,946,368 MVS and 426,172 SVS beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, by Onex. Of Celestica's MVS beneficially owned by Onex, 1,170,208 MVS are subject to MIP Options, including 688,807 MIP Options granted to Mr. Schwartz (each of which MVS will, upon exercise of such options, be automatically converted into an SVS), and 945,010 MVS are held by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Onex. Mr. Schwartz is a director of Celestica and the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Onex, and owns multiple voting shares of Onex carrying the right to elect a majority of the Onex board of directors. Accordingly, under applicable securities laws, Mr. Schwartz is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the Celestica shares owned by Onex; Mr. Schwartz has advised Celestica, however, that he disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Onex. The percentage ownership of SVS beneficially owned by Mr. Schwartz (assuming conversion of all MVS) was 10.5% as of February 14, 2014, 11.1% as of February 11, 2015, and 13.2% as of February 10, 2016. The address of Mr. Schwartz is: 161 Bay Street, P.O. Box 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 2S1. (4) Letko, Brosseau & Associates Inc. ("Letko") is the beneficial owner of 18,332,736 SVS and has sole voting power and sole dispositive power over these shares. Clients of Letko have the right to receive or the power to direct the receipt of dividends from, or the proceeds from sale of, the SVS reported as beneficially owned by Letko. No clients of Letko beneficially own more than five percent of the SVS. The address of Letko is: 1800 McGill College Av., Suite 2510, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 3J6. The number of shares reported as owned by Letko in this Major Shareholders Table and the information in this footnote is based on the Schedule 13G/A filed by Letko with the SEC on January 8, 2016, reporting beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2015. The percentage ownership of SVS beneficially owned by Letko was 11.4% as of February 14, 2014, 12.3% as of February 11, 2015, and 14.7% as of February 10, 2016. (5) Mackenzie Financial Corporation ("Mackenzie") is the beneficial owner of 11,096,556 SVS and has sole voting power and sole dispositive power over these shares. The address of Mackenzie is: 180 Queen Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5V 3K1, and the number of shares reported as owned by it in this Major Shareholders Table and the information in this footnote is based on the Schedule 13G/A filed by it with the SEC on February 11, 2016, reporting beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2015. The 132 percentage ownership of SVS beneficially owned by Mackenzie was 14.5% as of February 14, 2014, 12.4% as of February 12, 2015, and 8.9% as of February 10, 2016. (6) Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd. ("Connor") is the beneficial owner of 7,217,164 SVS, having sole voting power over 5,903,488 of such shares, and sole dispositive power over all such shares. The address of Connor is: 2200-1111 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4M3. The number of shares reported as owned by Connor in this Major Shareholders Table and the information in this footnote is based on the Schedule 13G filed by Connor with the SEC on February 12, 2016, reporting beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2015. This is the only year in the past three years that Connor has been listed in this Major Shareholders Table. There are no arrangements known to the Corporation, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of the Corporation. Holders As of February 10, 2016, there were approximately 1,680 holders of record of subordinate voting shares, of which 390 holders, holding approximately 73% of the outstanding subordinate voting shares, were resident in the United States and 370 holders, holding approximately 27% of the outstanding subordinate voting shares, were resident in Canada. No multiple voting shares are held in the United States. B. Related Party Transactions Onex, which beneficially owns, controls or directs, directly or indirectly, all of the outstanding multiple voting shares, has entered into an agreement with Celestica and with Computershare Trust Company of Canada (as successor to the Montreal Trust Company of Canada), as trustee for the benefit of the holders of the subordinate voting shares, for the purpose of ensuring that the holders of subordinate voting shares will not be deprived of any rights under applicable take-over bid legislation to which they would be otherwise entitled in the event of a take-over bid (as that term is defined in applicable securities legislation) if multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares were of a single class of shares. Subject to certain permitted forms of sale, such as identical or better offers to all holders of subordinate voting shares, Onex has agreed that it, and any of its affiliates that may hold multiple voting shares from time to time, will not sell any multiple voting shares, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a take-over bid (as that term is defined under applicable securities legislation) under circumstances in which any applicable securities legislation would have required the same offer or a follow-up offer to be made to holders of subordinate voting shares if the sale had been a sale of subordinate voting shares rather than multiple voting shares, but otherwise on the same terms. We had manufacturing and services agreements with two companies related to or under the control of Onex during 2013 (and no such agreements during 2014 or 2015). During 2013, we recorded aggregate revenue of $10.8 million from these two companies. At December 31, 2013, we had no amounts due from either of these two companies. These contracts each terminated in 2013. All transactions with these related companies were executed in the normal course of operations and were recorded at the exchange amounts as agreed to by the parties based on arm's length terms. On January 1, 2009, Celestica and Onex entered into a Services Agreement for the services of Mr. Schwartz as a director of the Corporation. The initial term of the Services Agreement was for one year and it automatically renews for successive one-year terms unless either party provides a notice of intent not to renew. The Services Agreement terminates automatically and the rights of Onex to receive compensation (other than accrued and unpaid compensation) will terminate (a) 30 days after the first day on which Onex ceases to hold at least one MVS of Celestica or any successor company or (b) the date Mr. Schwartz ceases to be a director of Celestica, for any reason. Onex receives compensation under the Services Agreement in an amount equal to $200,000 per year, payable in DSUs in equal quarterly installments in arrears. The number of DSUs is determined using the closing price of the subordinate voting shares on the NYSE on the last day of the fiscal quarter in respect of which the installment is to be credited. See Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Related Party Transactions" above for a description of the Property Sale Agreement (and expected lease arrangements) with respect to our real property located in Toronto, Ontario (which includes our corporate headquarters and our Toronto manufacturing operations), for a purchase price of approximately $137.0 million Canadian dollars 133 (approximately $98.5 million at year-end exchange rates), exclusive of applicable taxes and subject to certain adjustments, and related lease arrangements. Approximately 30% of the interests in the Property Purchaser are to be held by a privately-held company in which Mr. Schwartz has a material interest. Mr. Schwartz also has a non-voting interest in an entity which is to have an approximate 25% interest in the Property Purchaser. Given the interest in the transaction by a related party, our board of directors formed a Special Committee, consisting solely of independent directors, which retained its own independent legal counsel, to review and supervise a competitive bidding process. The Special Committee, after considering, among other factors, that the purchase price for the property exceeded the valuation provided by an independent appraiser, determined that the Property Purchaser's transaction terms were in the best interests of Celestica. Our board of directors, at a meeting where Mr. Schwartz was not present, approved the transaction based on the unanimous recommendation of the Special Committee. related party Our Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Related Party Transactions" and note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 18. transactions are also disclosed in Indebtedness of Related Parties As at February 10, 2016, other than inter-company loans among Celestica and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, no related parties (as defined in Form 20-F), were indebted to Onex, Celestica or its subsidiaries. C. Interests of Experts and Counsel Not applicable. Item 8. Financial Information A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information See Item 18, "Financial Statements". Export Sales For the year ended December 31, 2015, we had approximately $5.4 billion of export sales (i.e., sales to customers located outside of Canada), constituting approximately 95% of our $5.6 billion in total sales for the year. For further information regarding the allocation of our revenues by geographic region over the last three years see Item 4, "Information on the Company — Business Overview — Geographies". Litigation We are party to litigation from time-to-time. We are not currently (nor in the recent past have been) party to any legal or arbitration proceedings which management expects may have significant effects on the results of operations, business, or financial condition of Celestica. There are no material proceedings in which any of our affiliates, directors, or members of senior management is either a party adverse to us or our subsidiaries or has a material interest adverse to us or our subsidiaries. We were (until July 2015) party to securities class action lawsuits commenced in 2007 against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by certain individuals, on behalf of themselves and other unnamed purchasers of our subordinate voting shares. On July 28, 2015, the District Court held a settlement approval hearing at which it granted final approval to a settlement of the U.S. case. The time for any person to appeal the District Court's order approving the settlement has expired without any such appeal having been filed. The settlement payment to the plaintiffs was paid by our liability insurance carriers. See Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Litigation and contingencies" and note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Litigation" in Item 18 for a detailed description of the history of such lawsuits. 134  Parallel class proceedings were initiated in October 2011 against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. These proceedings are not affected by the settlement discussed above. On October 15, 2012, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice granted limited aspects of the defendants' motion to strike, but dismissed the defendants' limitation period argument. The defendants' appeal of the limitation period issue was dismissed on February 3, 2014 when the Court of Appeal for Ontario overturned its own prior decision on the limitation period issue. On August 7, 2014, the defendants were granted leave to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada, together with two other cases that dealt with the limitation period issue. The Supreme Court of Canada heard the appeal on February 9, 2015. The Supreme Court of Canada released its decision on December 4, 2015, allowing the defendants' appeal and holding that the statutory claims of the plaintiff and the class under the Ontario Securities Act are barred by the applicable limitation period. In an earlier decision dated February 14, 2014, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice denied certification of the plaintiffs' common law claims. No party appealed that decision. We will be seeking our costs of the Supreme Court proceedings and the proceedings below. It is too early to assess the quantum of costs that may be awarded, if any. The Canadian plaintiff has initiated a second motion to certify its common law claims, even though those claims were denied certification in February 2014. We believe that the February 2014 decision is final and binding and that any attempt to re-open certification of the common law claims is without merit. There can be no assurance that the outcome of the lawsuit will be favorable to us or that it will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position or liquidity. In addition, we may incur substantial litigation expenses in defending the claim. As the matter is ongoing, we cannot predict its duration or the resources required. Information concerning other litigation (including with respect to certain tax matters) is disclosed in Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Litigation and contingencies" and note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. Dividend Policy We have not declared or paid any dividends to our shareholders. We intend to retain earnings for general corporate purposes to promote future growth; as such, our Board does not anticipate paying any dividends for the foreseeable future. Our Board will review this policy from time-to-time, having regard to our financial condition, financing requirements and other relevant factors. B. Significant Changes On February 22, 2016, the TSX accepted the Corporation's previously announced notice to launch an NCIB. Under the new NCIB, the Corporation may repurchase on the open market (or as otherwise permitted), at its discretion during the period commencing on February 24, 2016 and ending on the earlier of February 23, 2017 and the completion of purchases under the NCIB, up to approximately 10.5 million subordinate voting shares, representing approximately 8.4% of the Corporation's outstanding subordinate voting shares (7.3% of the subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares) and approximately 10% of the "public float" of the subordinate voting shares (within the meaning of the rules of the TSX), subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. Item 9. The Offer and Listing A. Offer and Listing Details Market Information The subordinate voting shares are listed on the NYSE and the TSX. The following tables set forth certain trading information for the subordinate voting shares in Canada and the United States for the periods indicated, as reported by Bloomberg LP. In the following tables, subordinate voting shares are referred to as SVS. 135  The annual high and low market prices for the five most recent fiscal years based on market closing prices. Year ended December 31, 2011 Year ended December 31, 2012 Year ended December 31, 2013 Year ended December 31, 2014 Year ended December 31, 2015 Year ended December 31, 2011 Year ended December 31, 2012 Year ended December 31, 2013 Year ended December 31, 2014 Year ended December 31, 2015 United States Composite Trading High Low Volume $ $ (Price per SVS) 11.98 10.22 11.31 12.93 13.45 6.94 6.75 7.65 9.12 10.60 194,790,000 122,930,000 69,130,000 63,390,000 89,170,000 C$ Canadian Composite Trading High Low Volume (Price per SVS) 11.75 C$ 10.14 11.78 13.77 17.52 7.15 6.63 7.79 10.11 13.53 295,270,000 319,390,000 214,460,000 188,820,000 145,000,000 The high and low market prices for each full fiscal quarter for the two most recent fiscal years based on market closing prices. Year ended December 31, 2014 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Year ended December 31, 2015 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Year ended December 31, 2014 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Year ended December 31, 2015 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter United States Composite Trading High Low (Price per SVS) Volume $ $ $ $ 10.95 12.79 12.93 11.83 12.07 12.81 13.45 13.30 9.12 10.51 10.09 9.38 10.85 11.02 11.26 10.60 16,210,000 17,500,000 15,320,000 14,360,000 19,490,000 27,920,000 22,410,000 19,350,000 High Canadian Composite Trading Low Volume (Price per SVS) C$ C$ 12.10 C$ 13.72 13.59 13.77 15.08 C$ 16.06 17.52 17.23 10.11 11.51 11.12 10.56 13.53 13.89 14.27 14.38 41,950,000 43,600,000 42,800,000 60,470,000 37,400,000 39,990,000 36,520,000 31,090,000 136  The high and low market prices for each month for the most recent six months based on market closing prices. United States Composite Trading High Low Volume $ $ (Price per SVS) 12.93 13.30 11.49 11.37 10.93 10.27 12.00 10.85 10.83 10.60 8.29 8.96 5,290,000 11,650,000 4,170,000 3,530,000 5,090,000 2,980,000 C$ High Canadian Composite Trading Low Volume (Price per SVS) 17.18 C$ 17.23 15.40 15.64 15.40 13.93 15.90 14.38 14.40 14.48 11.68 12.58 9,750,000 15,310,000 7,780,000 8,000,000 14,530,000 8,970,000 September 2015 October 2015 November 2015 December 2015 January 2016 February 2016 September 2015 October 2015 November 2015 December 2015 January 2016 February 2016 B. Plan of Distribution Not applicable. C. Markets The subordinate voting shares are listed on the NYSE and the TSX. D. Selling Shareholders Not applicable. E. Dilution Not applicable. F. Expenses of the Issue Not applicable. Item 10. Additional Information A. Share Capital Not applicable. B. Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation Information regarding Celestica's memorandum and articles of incorporation is incorporated herein by reference to Item 10B of the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, as filed with the SEC on March 21, 2006. Shareholder Rights and Limitations The rights and preferences attached to our subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares are described in the section entitled "Description of Capital Stock" of our registration statement on Form F-3ASR 137 (Reg. No. 333-199616), filed with the SEC on October 27, 2014, which section is incorporated herein by reference thereto. Additional information concerning the rights and limitations of shareholders contained in Celestica's articles of incorporation is described in the section entitled "Comparison of Celestica and MSL Stockholder's Rights" of our registration statement on Form F-4/A (Reg. No. 333-110362), filed with the SEC on February 9, 2004, which information (pertaining to Celestica) is incorporated herein by reference thereto. C. Material Contracts Information with respect to material contracts, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, to which Celestica or its subsidiaries is a party, entered into during the two years immediately preceding the publication of this Annual Report, is included in Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources" and Item 6(B), "Compensation". These contracts include equity compensation plans and agreements related to our credit facilities and A/R sales program, each of which is included as an exhibit to this Annual Report. See Item 19, "Exhibits". D. Exchange Controls Canada has no system of exchange controls. There are no Canadian restrictions on the repatriation of capital or earnings of a Canadian public company to non-resident investors. There are no laws of Canada or exchange restrictions affecting the remittance of dividends, interest, royalties or similar payments to non-resident holders of Celestica's securities, although there may be Canadian and other foreign tax considerations. See Item 10(E), "Taxation". E. Taxation Material Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations The following is a summary of the material Canadian federal income tax considerations generally applicable to a person (a U.S. Holder), who acquires subordinate voting shares and who, for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the "Canadian Tax Act") and the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980) (the "Tax Treaty") at all relevant times is resident in the United States and is neither resident nor deemed to be resident in Canada, is eligible for benefits under the Tax Treaty, deals at arm's length and is not affiliated with Celestica, holds such subordinate voting shares as capital property, and does not use or hold, and is not deemed to use or hold, the subordinate voting shares in carrying on business in Canada. Special rules, which are not discussed in this summary, may apply to a U.S. Holder that is a financial institution (as defined in the Canadian Tax Act), or is an insurer to whom the subordinate voting shares are designated insurance property (as defined in the Canadian Tax Act). This summary is based on Celestica's understanding of the current provisions of the Tax Treaty, the Canadian Tax Act and the regulations thereunder, all specific proposals to amend the Canadian Tax Act or the regulations publicly announced by the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to February 10, 2016, and the current published administrative practices of the Canada Revenue Agency. This summary does not express an exhaustive discussion of all possible Canadian federal income tax considerations and, except as mentioned above, does not take into account or anticipate any changes in law, whether by legislative, administrative or judicial decision or action, nor does it take into account the tax legislation or considerations of any province or territory of Canada or any jurisdiction other than Canada, which may differ significantly from the considerations described in this summary. This summary is of a general nature only and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any particular holder, and no representation with respect to the Canadian federal income tax consequences to any particular holder is made. Consequently, U.S. Holders of subordinate voting shares should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the income tax consequences to them having regard to their particular circumstances. 138  All amounts relevant in computing a U.S. Holder's liability under the Canadian Tax Act are to be computed in Canadian dollars. Taxation of Dividends By virtue of the Canadian Tax Act and the Tax Treaty, dividends (including stock dividends) on subordinate voting shares paid or credited or deemed to be paid or credited to a U.S. Holder who is the beneficial owner of such dividends will generally be subject to Canadian non-resident withholding tax at the rate of 15% of the gross amount of such dividends. Under the Tax Treaty, the rate of withholding tax on dividends is reduced to 5% if that U.S. Holder is a company that beneficially owns (or is deemed to beneficially own) at least 10% of the voting stock of Celestica. Moreover, under the Tax Treaty, dividends paid to certain religious, scientific, literary, educational or charitable organizations and certain pension organizations that are resident in, and generally exempt from tax in, the U.S., generally are exempt from Canadian non-resident withholding tax. Provided that certain administrative procedures are observed by such an organization, Celestica would not be required to withhold such tax from dividends paid or credited to such organization. Disposition of Subordinate Voting Shares A U.S. Holder will not be subject to tax under the Canadian Tax Act in respect of any capital gain realized on the disposition or deemed disposition of subordinate voting shares unless the subordinate voting shares constitute or are deemed to constitute "taxable Canadian property" other than "treaty-protected property", as defined in the Canadian Tax Act, at the time of such disposition. Generally, subordinate voting shares will not be "taxable Canadian property" to a U.S. Holder at a particular time, where the subordinate voting shares are listed on a designated stock exchange (which currently includes the TSX and NYSE) at that time, unless at any time during the 60-month period immediately preceding that time: (A) the U.S. Holder, persons with whom the U.S. Holder did not deal at arm's length, or the U.S. Holder together with all such persons, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of shares of the capital stock of Celestica; and (B) more than 50% of the fair market value of the subordinate voting shares was derived directly or indirectly from one or any combination of (i) real or immoveable properties situated in Canada, (ii) "Canadian resource properties", (iii) "timber resource properties" and (iv) options in respect of, or interests in, property described in (i) to (iii), in each case as defined in the Canadian Tax Act. In certain circumstances set out in the Canadian Tax Act, the subordinate voting shares of a particular U.S. Holder could be deemed to be "taxable Canadian property" to that holder. Even if the subordinate voting shares are "taxable Canadian property" to a U.S. Holder, they generally will be "treaty-protected property" to such holder by virtue of the Tax Treaty if the value of such shares at the time of disposition is not derived principally from "real property situated in Canada" as defined for these purposes under the Tax Treaty and the Canadian Tax Act. Consequently, on the basis that the value of the subordinate voting shares should not be considered derived principally from such "real property situated in Canada" at any relevant time, any gain realized by the U.S. Holder upon the disposition of the subordinate voting shares generally will be exempt from tax under the Canadian Tax Act. Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations The following discussion describes the material United States federal income tax consequences to United States Holders (as defined below) of subordinate voting shares. A United States Holder is a citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation), partnership or limited liability company created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof, an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source, or a trust, if either (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) the trust has made an election under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person. If a partnership (or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership) holds subordinate voting shares, the tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding subordinate voting shares, we suggest that you consult with your tax advisor. This summary is for general information purposes only. It does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations 139 that may be relevant to your decision to purchase, hold or dispose of subordinate voting shares. This summary considers only United States Holders who will own subordinate voting shares as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). In this context, the term "capital assets" means, in general, assets held for investment by a taxpayer. Material aspects of U.S. federal income tax relevant to non-United States Holders are also discussed below. This discussion is based on current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, current and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and administrative and judicial decisions as of February 10, 2016, all of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to any particular United States Holder based on the United States Holder's individual circumstances. In particular, this discussion does not address the potential application of the alternative minimum tax or U.S. federal income tax consequences to United States Holders who are subject to special treatment, including taxpayers who are broker dealers or insurance companies, taxpayers who have elected mark-to-market accounting, individual retirement and other tax-deferred accounts, tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions or "financial services entities", taxpayers who hold subordinate voting shares as part of a "straddle", "hedge" or "conversion transaction" with other investments, taxpayers owning directly, indirectly or by attribution at least 10% of the voting power of our share capital, and taxpayers whose functional currency (as defined in Section 985 of the Internal Revenue Code) is not the U.S. dollar. This discussion does not address any aspect of U.S. federal gift or estate tax or state, local or non-U.S. tax laws. Additionally, the discussion does not consider the tax treatment of persons who hold subordinate voting shares through a limited liability company or through a partnership or other pass-through entity (such as an S corporation). For U.S. federal income tax purposes, income earned through a foreign or domestic partnership or similar entity is generally attributed to its owners. You are advised to consult your own tax advisor with respect to the specific tax consequences to you of purchasing, holding or disposing of the subordinate voting shares. Taxation of Dividends Paid on Subordinate Voting Shares Subject to the discussion of the passive foreign investment company ("PFIC") rules below, in the event that we pay a dividend, a United States Holder will be required to include in gross income as ordinary income the amount of any distribution paid on subordinate voting shares, including any Canadian taxes withheld from the amount paid, on the date the distribution is received, to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, distributions of the Corporation's current or accumulated earnings and profits will be foreign source "passive category income" for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes and will not qualify for the dividends received deduction available to corporations. Distributions in excess of such earnings and profits will be applied against and will reduce the United States Holder's tax basis in the subordinate voting shares and, to the extent in excess of such basis, will be treated as capital gain. Distributions of current or accumulated earnings and profits paid in Canadian dollars to a United States Holder will be includible in the income of the United States Holder in a dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate on the date the distribution is received. A United States Holder who receives a distribution of Canadian dollars and converts the Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars subsequent to receipt will have foreign exchange gain or loss based on any appreciation or depreciation in the value of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar. Such gain or loss will generally be ordinary income and loss and will generally be U.S. source gain or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. United States Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of a foreign currency gain or loss. United States Holders will generally have the option of claiming the amount of any Canadian income taxes withheld either as a deduction from gross income or as a dollar-for-dollar credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to specified conditions and limitations. Individuals who do not claim itemized deductions, but instead utilize the standard deduction, may not claim a deduction for the amount of the Canadian income taxes withheld, but these individuals generally may still claim a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability. The amount of foreign income taxes that may be claimed as a credit in any year is subject to complex limitations and restrictions, which must be determined on an individual basis by each shareholder. The 140 total amount of allowable foreign tax credits in any year cannot exceed the pre-credit U.S. tax liability for the year attributable to foreign source taxable income and further limitations may apply under the alternative minimum tax. A United States Holder will be denied a foreign tax credit with respect to Canadian income tax withheld from dividends received on subordinate voting shares to the extent that he or she has not held the subordinate voting shares for at least 16 days of the 31-day period beginning on the date which is 15 days before the ex-dividend date or to the extent that he or she is under an obligation to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property. Instead, a deduction may be allowed. Any days during which a United States Holder has substantially diminished his or her risk of loss on his or her subordinate voting shares are not counted toward meeting the 16-day holding period. Individuals, estates or trusts who receive "qualified dividend income" (excluding dividends from a PFIC) generally will be taxed at a current maximum U.S. federal rate of 20% (rather than the higher tax rates generally applicable to items of ordinary income) provided certain holding period requirements are met. Subject to the discussion of the PFIC rules below, Celestica believes that dividends paid by it with respect to its subordinate voting shares should constitute "qualified dividend income" for United States federal income tax purposes and that holders who are individuals (as well as certain trusts and estates) should be entitled to the reduced rates of tax, as applicable. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the impact of the "qualified dividend income" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code on their particular situations, including related restrictions and special rules. Dividends received by certain high-income individuals and trusts will also be subject to a 3.8% unearned Medicare contribution tax on passive income. Taxation of Disposition of Subordinate Voting Shares Subject to the discussion of the PFIC rules below, upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of subordinate voting shares, a United States Holder will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between his or her adjusted tax basis in his or her shares and the amount realized on the disposition. A United States Holder's adjusted tax basis in the subordinate voting shares will generally be the initial cost, but may be adjusted for various reasons including the receipt by such United States Holder of a distribution that was not made up wholly of earning and profits as described above under the heading "Taxation of Dividends Paid on Subordinate Voting Shares". A United States Holder that uses the cash method of accounting calculates the dollar value of the proceeds received on the sale date as of the date that the sale settles, while a United States Holder who uses the accrual method of accounting is required to calculate the value of the proceeds of the sale as of the "trade date", unless he or she has elected to use the settlement date to determine his or her proceeds of sale. Capital gain from the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares held more than one year is long-term capital gain. Long-term capital gain that is recognized by non-corporate taxpayers is eligible for a current maximum 20% rate of taxation plus a 3.8% tax on passive income derived by certain high-income individuals and trusts. A reduced rate does not apply to capital gains realized by a United States Holder that is a corporation. Capital losses are generally deductible only against capital gains and not against ordinary income. In the case of an individual, however, unused capital losses in excess of capital gains may offset up to $3,000 annually of ordinary income. Gain or loss recognized by a United States Holder on a sale, exchange or other disposition of subordinate voting shares generally will be treated as U.S. source income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. A United States Holder who receives foreign currency upon disposition of subordinate voting shares and converts the foreign currency into U.S. dollars subsequent to receipt will have foreign exchange gain or loss based on any appreciation or depreciation in the value of the foreign currency against the U.S. dollar. United States Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of a foreign currency gain or loss. Tax Consequences if We Are a Passive Foreign Investment Company A non-U.S. corporation will be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, if, in general, either (i) 75% or more of its gross income in a taxable year, including the pro rata share of the gross income of any U.S. or foreign company in which it is considered to own 25% or more of the shares by value, is passive income or (ii) 50% or more of its assets in a taxable year, averaged over the year and ordinarily determined based on fair 141 market value and including the pro rata share of the assets of any company in which it is considered to own 25% or more of the shares by value, are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. If Celestica were a PFIC and a United States Holder did not make an election to treat the Corporation as a "qualified electing fund" and did not make a mark-to-market election, each as described below, then: "Excess Distributions" by Celestica to a United States Holder would be taxed in a special way. "Excess distributions" are amounts received by a United States Holder with respect to subordinate voting shares in any taxable year that exceed 125% of the average distributions received by the United States Holder from the Corporation in the shorter of either the three previous years or his or her holding period for his or her shares before the present taxable year. Excess distributions must be allocated ratably to each day that a United States Holder has held subordinate voting shares. A United States Holder must include amounts allocated to the current taxable year and to any non-PFIC years in his or her gross income as ordinary income for that year. A United States Holder must pay tax on amounts allocated to each prior taxable PFIC year at the highest marginal tax rate in effect for that year on ordinary income and the tax is subject to an interest charge at the rate applicable to deficiencies for income tax. The entire amount of gain that is realized by a United States Holder upon the sale or other disposition of shares would also be considered an excess distribution and would be subject to tax as described above. United States Holder's tax basis in shares that were acquired from a decedent would not receive a step-up to fair market value as of the date of the decedent's death but instead would be equal to the decedent's tax basis, if lower than such value. The special PFIC rules do not apply to a United States Holder if the United States Holder makes an election to treat the Corporation as a "qualified electing fund" in the first taxable year in which he or she owns subordinate voting shares and if we comply with reporting requirements as described below. Instead, a shareholder of a qualified electing fund is required for each taxable year to include in income a pro rata share of the ordinary earnings of the qualified electing fund as ordinary income and a pro rata share of the net capital gain of the qualified electing fund as long-term capital gain, subject to a separate election to defer payment of taxes, which deferral is subject to an interest charge. We have agreed to supply United States Holders with the information needed to report income and gain pursuant to this election in the event that we are classified as a PFIC. The election is made on a shareholder-by-shareholder basis and may be revoked only with the consent of the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS. A shareholder makes the election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621, including the PFIC annual information statement, to a timely filed U.S. federal income tax return. Even if an election is not made, a shareholder in a PFIC who is a United States Holder generally must file a completed IRS Form 8621 every year. A United States Holder who owns PFIC shares that are publicly traded could elect to mark the shares to market annually, recognizing as ordinary income or loss each year an amount equal to the difference as of the close of the taxable year between the fair market value of the PFIC shares and the United States Holder's adjusted tax basis in the PFIC shares. If the mark-to-market election were made, then the rules set forth above would not apply for periods covered by the election. The subordinate voting shares would be treated as publicly traded for purposes of the mark-to-market election and, therefore, such election could be made if Celestica were classified as a PFIC. A mark-to-market election is, however, subject to complex and specific rules and requirements, and United States Holders are strongly urged to consult their tax advisors concerning this election if Celestica is classified as a PFIC. Despite the fact that we are engaged in an active business, we are unable to conclude that Celestica was not a PFIC in 2015 or in prior years, though we believe, based on our internally performed analysis, that such status is unlikely. The tests in determining PFIC status include the determination of the value of all assets of the Corporation which is highly subjective. Further, the tests for determining PFIC status are applied annually, and it is difficult to make accurate predictions of future income and assets, which are relevant to the determination as to whether we will be a PFIC in the future. Accordingly, it is possible that Celestica could be a PFIC in 2016 or in a future year. A United States Holder who holds subordinate voting shares during a period in which we are a PFIC will be subject to the PFIC rules, even if we cease to be a PFIC, unless he or she has made a qualifying electing fund election. Although we have agreed to supply United States Holders with the information needed to report income and gain pursuant to this election in the event that Celestica is classified as a PFIC, if Celestica 142 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) was determined to be a PFIC with respect to a year in which we had not thought that it would be so treated, the information needed to enable United States Holders to make a qualifying electing fund election would not have been provided. United States Holders are strongly urged to consult their tax advisors about the PFIC rules, including the consequences to them of making a mark-to-market or qualifying electing fund elections with respect to subordinate voting shares in the event that Celestica is treated as a PFIC. Tax Consequences for Non-United States Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares Except as described in "Information Reporting and Backup Withholding" below, a holder of subordinate voting shares that is not a United States Holder ("non-United States Holder") will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on the payment of dividends on, and the proceeds from the disposition of, subordinate voting shares unless: the item is effectively connected with the conduct by the non-United States Holder of a trade or business in the United States and, generally, in the case of a resident of a country that has an income treaty with the United States, such item is attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States; the non-United States Holder is an individual who holds subordinate voting shares as a capital asset and is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition and does not qualify for an exemption; or the non-United States Holder is subject to tax pursuant to the provisions of U.S. tax law applicable to U.S. expatriates who expatriated prior to June 17, 2008. Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Payments made within the United States, or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, of dividends and proceeds arising from certain sales or other taxable dispositions of subordinate voting shares will be subject to information reporting. Backup withholding tax, at the then applicable rate, will apply if a United States Holder (a) fails to furnish the United States Holder's correct U.S. taxpayer identification number (generally on Form W-9), (b) is notified by the IRS that the United States Holder has previously failed to properly report items subject to backup withholding tax, or (c) fails to certify, under penalty of perjury, that the United States Holder has furnished the United States Holder's correct U.S. taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified the United States Holder that the United States Holder is subject to backup withholding tax. However, United States Holders that are corporations generally are excluded from these information reporting and backup withholding tax rules. Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules will be allowed as a credit against a United States Holder's U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or will be refunded, if the United States Holder follows the requisite procedures and timely furnishes the required information to the IRS. United States Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the information reporting and backup withholding tax rules. U.S. individuals are required to report an interest in any "specified foreign financial asset" if the aggregate value of such assets owned by the U.S. individual exceeds $50,000 (or such higher threshold as may apply to a particular taxpayer pursuant to the instructions to IRS Form 8938). Stock issued by a foreign corporation is treated as a specified foreign financial asset for this purpose. Non-United States Holders generally are not subject to information reporting or backup withholding with respect to dividends paid on or upon the disposition of shares, provided, in some instances, that the non-United States Holder provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies to his foreign status or otherwise establishes an exemption. F. Dividends and Paying Agents Not applicable. G. Statement by Experts Not applicable. 143 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) H. Documents on Display Any statement in this Annual Report about any of our contracts or other documents is not exhaustive. If the contract or document is filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report or is incorporated herein by reference thereto, the contract or document is deemed to modify our description. You must review the exhibits themselves for a complete description of the contract or document. You may access this Annual Report, including exhibits and schedules, on our website at www.celestica.com or request a copy free of charge through our website. Requests may also be directed to clsir@celestica.com, by mail to Celestica Investor Relations, 844 Don Mills Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3C 1V7, or by telephone at 416-448-2211. You may also read and copy reports, statements or other information that we file with or furnish to the SEC, including exhibits and schedules filed with this Annual Report, at the SEC's public reference facilities in Room 1580, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. The SEC also maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. You may access the documents we file with or furnish to the SEC at that website (for submissions commencing November 2000, the date we began to file electronically with the SEC). These SEC filings are also available to the public from commercial document retrieval services. We also file reports, statements and other information with the Canadian Securities Administrators, or the CSA, and these can be accessed electronically at the CSA's System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval website (www.sedar.com). You may access other information about Celestica on our website at www.celestica.com. I. Subsidiary Information Not applicable. Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Market Risk Market risk is the potential loss arising from changes in market rates and market prices. Our market risk exposure results primarily from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We do not hold financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. Exchange Rate Risk Conducting business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar subjects us to translation and transaction risks associated with fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Although we conduct the majority of our business in U.S. dollars (our functional currency), our global operations subject us to foreign currency volatility. Our significant non-U.S. currency exposures include the Canadian dollar, Thai baht, Malaysian ringgit, Mexican peso, British pound sterling, Chinese renminbi, Euro, Romanian leu and Singapore dollar. As part of our risk management program, we enter into forward exchange contracts, generally for periods of up to 15 months, intended to hedge foreign currency transaction risk. These contracts include, to varying degrees, elements of market risk. We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to lock in the exchange rates for future foreign currency transactions, which is intended to reduce the variability of our operating costs and future cash flows denominated in local currencies. While these contracts are intended to reduce the effects of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, our hedging strategy does not mitigate the longer-term impacts of changes to foreign exchange rates. Currency risk on our income tax expense arises because we are generally required to file our tax returns in the local currency for each particular country in which we have operations. Exchange rate volatility between the relevant local currency and the U.S. dollar will affect the recorded amounts of our foreign assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in local currency for statutory financial statement purposes. In addition, we earn 144 revenues and incur expenses in foreign currencies as part of our global operations. As a result, we are also exposed to foreign currency exchange transaction risk, such that fluctuations in currency exchange rates may significantly impact the amount of translated U.S. dollars required for expenses incurred in other currencies or received from non-U.S. dollar revenues. While our hedging programs are designed to mitigate currency risk vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar, we remain subject to taxable foreign exchange impacts in our translated local currency financial results relevant for tax reporting purposes. The table below presents the notional amounts (the U.S. dollar equivalent amounts of the foreign currency buy/sell contracts at hedge rates), weighted average exchange rates by expected (contractual) maturity dates, and the fair values of our outstanding forward exchange contracts at December 31, 2015. These notional amounts generally are used to calculate the contractual payments to be exchanged under the contracts. At December 31, 2015, we had foreign currency contracts covering various currencies in an aggregate notional amount of $776.7 million (December 31, 2014 — $818.6 million). These contracts had a fair value net unrealized loss of $24.0 million at December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 — $15.0 million net unrealized loss). At December 31, 2015, we had forward exchange contracts to trade U.S. dollars in exchange for the following currencies: Forward Exchange Agreements (Contract amounts in millions) Receive C$/Pay U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Receive Thai Baht/Pay U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Receive Malaysian Ringgit/Pay U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Receive Mexican Peso/Pay U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Pay British Pound Sterling/Receive U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Receive Chinese Renminbi/Pay U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Pay Euro/Receive U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Receive Romanian Leu/Pay U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Receive Singapore Dollar/Pay U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Pay Other/Receive U.S.$ Contract amount Average exchange rate Total Expected Maturity Date 2016 2017 2018 and thereafter Total Fair Value Gain (Loss) (in millions) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 273.9 0.76 $ 5.7 0.75 $ — $ 279.6 $ (13.7) 98.4 0.03 73.7 0.25 26.5 0.06 129.0 1.50 74.6 0.15 52.9 1.11 14.7 0.25 21.2 0.72 5.0 — 769.9 — — $ 98.4 $ (4.4) — — $ 73.7 $ (4.1) $ 1.1 0.06 — $ 27.6 $ (1.4) — — $ 129.0 $ 1.3 — — $ 74.6 $ (1.0) — — $ 52.9 $ 0.3 — — $ 14.7 $ (0.5) — — $ 21.2 $ (0.5) — — $ 6.8 $ — $ $ 5.0 776.7 $ $ — (24.0) 145 Interest Rate Risk and Credit Risk Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest at LIBOR, Prime, Base Rate Canada, or Base Rate (each as defined in the credit agreement) plus a margin, and our Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. Borrowings under our credit facility expose us to interest rate risks due to fluctuations in these rates and margins. A one-percentage point increase in these rates would increase interest expense by $5.5 million annually, assuming borrowings of $250.0 million under the Term Loan and $300.0 million under the Revolving Facility (the credit limit thereunder without the $150.0 million accordion feature). As of December 31, 2015, $237.5 million was drawn under the Term Loan and $25.0 million was outstanding under the Revolving Facility. See note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. We hold cash and cash equivalents at various banking institutions. Management monitors the institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents. Management's emphasis is primarily on safety of principal. Management, in its discretion, has diversified our cash and cash equivalents among banking institutions to adjust exposure to an acceptable level with respect to any one of these entities. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our invested cash or cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurances that access to invested cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets, or that third party institutions will retain acceptable credit ratings or investment practices. Cash balances held at banking institutions in the United States with which we do business may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limits. While management monitors the cash balances in these bank accounts, such cash balances could be impacted if the underlying banks were to become insolvent or could be subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty may default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to us. We believe our credit risk of counterparty non-performance is low. To mitigate the risk of financial loss from defaults under our foreign currency forward exchange contracts, our contracts are held by counterparty financial institutions each of which had at December 31, 2015 a Standard and Poor's rating of A-2 or above. We also provide unsecured credit to our customers in the normal course of business. We mitigate this credit risk by monitoring our customers' financial condition and performing ongoing credit evaluations as appropriate. We consider credit risk in determining our allowance for doubtful accounts and we believe our allowances are adequate. Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities A. Debt Securities Not applicable. B. Warrants and Rights Not applicable. C. Other Securities Not applicable. D. American Depositary Shares None. 146 Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies None. Part II. Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds None. Item 15. Controls and Procedures Information required by this Item concerning our disclosure controls and procedures, and changes in our internal control over financial reporting, is set forth in Item 5, "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Controls and Procedures". Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting is set forth on page F-1 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. The attestation report from our independent auditors, KPMG LLP, is set forth on page F-2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18. Item 16. [Reserved] Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert The Board has considered the extensive financial experience of Mr. Etherington, Ms. Koellner, and Ms. Perry, and has determined that each of them is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of Item 16A(b) of Form 20-F, and each are independent directors, as that term is defined by the SEC and in the NYSE listing standards. Item 16B. Code of Ethics The Board has adopted a Finance Code of Professional Conduct for Celestica's CEO, our senior finance officers, and all personnel in its finance organization to deter wrongdoing and promote honest and ethical conduct in the practice of financial management, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure; compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations; prompt internal reporting of violations of the code and accountability for adherence to the code. These professionals are expected to abide by this code as well as Celestica's Business Conduct Governance policy and all of our other applicable business policies, standards and guidelines. The Finance Code of Professional Conduct and the Business Conduct Governance policy can be accessed electronically at www.celestica.com. Celestica will provide a copy of such policies free of charge to any person who so requests. Requests should be directed to clsir@celestica.com, by mail to Celestica Investor Relations, 844 Don Mills Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3C 1V7, or by telephone at 416-448-2211. Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The external auditor is engaged to provide services pursuant to pre-approval policies and procedures established by the Audit Committee of Celestica's Board. The Audit Committee approves the external auditor's Audit Plan, the scope of the external auditor's quarterly reviews and all related fees. The Audit Committee must approve any non-audit services provided by the auditor and related fees and does so only if it considers that these services are compatible with the external auditor's independence. Our auditors are KPMG LLP ("KPMG"). KPMG did not provide any financial information systems design or implementation services to us during 2014 or 2015. The Audit Committee has determined that the provision of the non-audit services by KPMG does not compromise KPMG's independence. 147 Audit Fees KPMG billed $2.9 million in 2015 (2014 — $3.1 million) for audit services. Audit-Related Fees KPMG billed $0.0 million in 2015 (2014 — $0.2 million) for audit-related services, including pension audits and due diligence related to acquisitions. Tax Fees KPMG billed $0.1 million in 2015 (2014 — $0.1 million) for tax compliance and tax advisory services. All Other Fees KPMG billed $0.2 million in 2015 (no amounts in 2014) for IT advisory services. Pre-approval Policies and Procedures — Percentage of Services Approved by Audit Committee All KPMG services and fees are approved by the Audit Committee as follows. The Audit Committee has established an Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy to pre-approve all permissible audit and non-audit services provided by our independent auditors. On an annual basis, the Audit Committee reviews and provides pre-approval for certain types of services that may be rendered by the independent auditors and a budget for audit services for the applicable fiscal year. Upon pre-approval of the services on the initial list, management may engage the auditor for specific engagements that are within the definition of the pre-approved services. Any significant service engagements above a certain threshold will require separate pre-approval. The policy contains a provision delegating pre-approval authority to the Chair of the Audit Committee in instances when pre-approval is needed prior to a scheduled Audit Committee meeting. The Chair of the Audit Committee is required to report on such pre-approvals at the next scheduled Audit Committee meeting. A final detailed review of all audit and non-audit services and fees is performed by the Audit Committee prior to the issuance of the audit opinion at year-end. Percentage of Hours Expended on KPMG's engagement not performed by KPMG's full-time, permanent employees (if greater than 50%) Not applicable. Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees None. 148 Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES (a) Total number of subordinate voting shares purchased (in millions) (b) Average price paid per subordinate voting share (c) Total number of subordinate voting shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (in millions) (d) Maximum number of subordinate voting shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions) — — — 4.4 1.2 0.5 26.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.6 34.9 — — — $11.38 $11.65 $11.71 $13.30 $12.53 $12.31 $11.16 $11.19 $10.97 $12.85 4.4 1.2 0.5 26.3 32.4 — — — — — — — — 2.9 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 — — — — — Period January 1 — 31, 2015(1) February 1 — 28, 2015(1) March 1 — 31, 2015(1) April 1 — 30, 2015 May 1 — 31, 2015 June 1 — 30, 2015(2) July 1 — 31, 2015 August 1 — 31, 2015(1)(3) September 1 — 30, 2015(1)(3) October 1 — 31, 2015(3) November 1 — 30, 2015(3) December 1 — 31, 2015(3) Total (1) On September 9, 2014, the TSX accepted our notice to launch, and we announced, a normal course issuer bid (the 2014 NCIB), which allowed us to repurchase, at our discretion, until the earlier of September 10, 2015 or the completion of purchases under the bid, up to 10.3 million subordinate voting shares in the open market or as otherwise permitted, subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. The 2014 NCIB expired on September 10, 2015. During 2015, we repurchased and cancelled a total of 6.1 million subordinate voting shares at a weighted average price of $11.46 per share under the 2014 NCIB, including 4.4 million subordinate voting shares repurchased under a $50.0 million program share repurchase funded on December 8, 2014. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we were permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2014 NCIB was reduced by 0.5 million subordinate voting shares purchased for equity-based compensation plans during the term of the 2014 NCIB. (2) On April 27, 2015, we announced and commenced a "modified Dutch auction" substantial issuer bid ("SIB") to purchase for cancellation up to $350 million of our subordinate voting shares, which expired on June 1, 2015. Pursuant to the SIB, we purchased 26,315,789 subordinate voting shares at a price of $13.30 per share, for an aggregate cost of $350 million excluding fees and expenses relating to the SIB. The subordinate voting shares purchased under the SIB represented approximately 17.5% of the subordinate voting shares issued and outstanding as of June 4, 2015. (3) From time-to-time, a trustee has purchased subordinate voting shares in the open market, on our behalf, to settle vested employee awards under our equity-based compensation plans. During 2015, approximately 2.5 million subordinate voting shares were purchased on our behalf by a trustee for such purpose (and were therefore not cancelled); 0.5 million of such purchases were made during the term of the 2014 NCIB, reducing the maximum number of subordinate voting shares we were permitted to purchase thereunder (see footnote (1) above). Item 16F. Change in Registrant's Certifying Accountant Not applicable. Item 16G. Corporate Governance Corporate Governance We are subject to a variety of corporate governance guidelines and requirements enacted by the TSX, the CSA, the NYSE and by the SEC under its rules and those mandated by the United States Sarbanes Oxley Act 149 of 2002 and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. We are listed on the NYSE and, although we are not required to comply with all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements to which we would be subject if we were a U.S. corporation, our governance practices differ significantly in only one respect from those required of U.S. domestic issuers by the NYSE, as described below. Celestica complies with TSX rules, which require shareholder approval of share compensation arrangements involving new issuances of shares, and of certain amendments to such arrangements, but do not require such approval if the compensation arrangements involve only shares purchased by the Corporation in the open market. NYSE rules require approval of all equity compensation plans (and material revisions thereto) regardless of whether new issuances or treasury shares are used. Our corporate governance guidelines can be accessed electronically at www.celestica.com. Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure Not applicable. 150 Part III. Item 17. Financial Statements Not applicable. Item 18. Financial Statements The following financial statements have been filed as part of this Annual Report: Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2014 and 2015 Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Page F-1 F-2, F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-8 F-9 151 Item 19. Exhibits The following exhibits have been filed as part of this Annual Report: Incorporated by Reference Form File No. Filing Date Exhibit No. Filed Herewith 20-F 001-14832 March 23, 2010 1.10 20-F 001-14832 March 23, 2010 1.11 Exhibit Number 1.1 1.2 2. 2.1 Description Certificate and Restated Articles of Incorporation effective June 25, 2004 Bylaw No. 1 Instruments defining rights of holders of equity securities or long-term debt: See Certificate and Restated Articles of Incorporation identified above 2.2 Form of F-1/A 333-8700 June 25, 1998 4.1 4. 4.1 Subordinate Voting Share Certificate Certain Contracts: Services Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2009, between Celestica Inc. and Onex Corporation 20-F 001-14832 March 23, 2010 4.1 4.2 Executive 20-F 001-14832 March 25, 2008 4.6 Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2008, between Celestica Inc., Celestica International Inc. and Elizabeth L. DelBianco Amended and Restated Celestica Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan as of January 29, 2014 Amended and Restated Celestica Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan as of July 22, 2015 Amended and Restated Celestica Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan as of October 19, 2015 Amended and Restated Celestica Share Unit Plan as of January 29, 2014 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 6-K 001-14832 July 9, 2014 99.1 6-K 001-14832 July 29, 2015 99.1 X 6-K 001-14832 July 9, 2014 99.2 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Amended and Restated Celestica Share Unit Plan as of July 22, 2015 Amended and Restated Celestica Share Unit Plan as of October 19, 2015 D2D Employee Share Purchase and Option Plan (1997) Celestica 1997 U.K. Approved Share Option Scheme 6-K 001-14832 July 29, 2015 99.2 X F-1/A 333-8700 June 1, 1998 10.20 F-1 333-8700 April 29, 1998 10.19 152 Exhibit Number 4.11 Description Form File No. Filing Date Exhibit No. Filed Herewith Incorporated by Reference 1998 U.S. Executive Share Purchase and Option Plan S-8 333-9500 October 8, 1998 4.6 4.12 Coattail SC TO-I 005-55523 October 29, 2012 (d)(1) 20-F 001-14832 March 15, 2013 4.10 SC TO-I 005-55523 October 29, 2012 (d)(3) 20-F 001-14832 March 13, 2015 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 Agreement, dated June 29, 1998, between Onex Corporation, Celestica Inc. and Montreal Trust Company of Canada. Stock Purchase Agreement, dated July 26, 2012, among Celestica (USA) Inc., The Crossbow Group, LLC and D&H Manufacturing Company* Directors' Share Compensation Plan (2008) Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 4, 2011, among the Celestica Inc., Celestica LLC, Celestica Czech Republic s.r.o., Celestica Holdings Pte Ltd., Celestica Valencia S.A., Celestica Hong Kong Ltd., Celestica (Romania) s.r.l., Celestica Japan KK, Celestica Oregon LLC, each of the financial institutions named on Schedule I thereto and Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch 4.16 First 20-F 001-14832 March 15, 2013 2.6 Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement* 4.17 Second 20-F 001-14832 March 14, 2014 4.14 Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement 4.18 Third 20-F 001-14382 March 14, 2014 4.15 Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement* 4.19 Fourth 20-F 001-14382 March 13, 2015 4.16 Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement* 4.20 Fifth X Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement and Accession Agreement† Directors' Share Compensation Plan, amended and restated as of July 25, 2013 4.21 20-F 001-14382 March 14, 2014 4.16 153 Description Form File No. Filing Date Incorporated by Reference Exhibit No. Filed Herewith X 6-K 001-14832 November 6, 2014 4.17 Exhibit Number 4.22 4.23 Directors' Share Compensation Plan, amended and restated as of January 1, 2016 Seventh Amended and Restated Revolving Term Credit Agreement, dated October 28, 2014, by and among Celestica Inc. and the subsidiaries specified as Designated Subsidiaries therein as Borrowers, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, as Co-Lead Arranger, Sole Bookrunner and Administrative Agent, RBC Capital Markets, as Co-Lead Arranger and Co-Syndication Agent, Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as Co-Syndication Agent, and the financial institutions named therein, as lenders. 4.24 Eighth SC TO-I/A 005-55523 June 2, 2015 (b)(2) Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 29, 2015, by and among Celestica Inc. and the subsidiaries specified as Designated Subsidiaries therein as Borrowers, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, as Co-Lead Arranger, Sole Bookrunner and Administrative Agent, RBC Capital Markets, as Co-Lead Arranger and Co-Syndication Agent, Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as Co-Syndication Agent, and the financial institutions named therein, as lenders. Subsidiaries of Registrant Finance Code of Professional Conduct Business Conduct Governance Policy Principal Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13(a)-14(a) Principal Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13(a)-14(a) 8.1 11.1 11.2 12.1 12.2 20-F 001-14382 March 23, 2010 11.1 20-F 001-14382 March 13, 2015 11.2 X X X 154 Incorporated by Reference Form File No. Filing Date Exhibit No. Filed Herewith X X Exhibit Number 13.1 15.1 Description Certification required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code** Consent of KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants * Certain confidential portions of this exhibit were omitted by means of redacting a portion of the text. This exhibit has been filed separately with the Secretary of the Securities and Exchange Commission without redactions. Confidential treatment has been granted pursuant to our Application for an Order Granting Confidential Treatment Pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the U.S. Exchange Act. ** This certification will not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the U.S. Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of Section 18 of the U.S. Exchange Act, and this certification will not be incorporated by reference into any filing under the U.S. Securities Act, or the U.S. Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference. † Certain confidential portions of this exhibit were omitted by means of redacting a portion of the text. This exhibit has been filed separately with the Secretary of the Securities and Exchange Commission without redactions pursuant to our Application for an Order Granting Confidential Treatment Pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the U.S. Exchange Act. 155  The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf. SIGNATURES Date: March 7, 2016 CELESTICA INC. By: /s/ ELIZABETH L. DELBIANCO Elizabeth L. DelBianco Executive Vice President Chief Legal and Administrative Officer 156 MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING The management of Celestica Inc. (the "Company") is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. The Company's internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Management maintains a comprehensive system of controls intended to ensure that transactions are executed in accordance with management's authorization, assets are safeguarded, and financial records are reliable. Management also takes steps to see that information and communication flows are effective and to monitor performance, including performance of internal control procedures. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective. The Company's independent auditors, KPMG LLP, have audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, and issued an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of such date. March 3, 2016 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Celestica Inc. We have audited Celestica Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Celestica Inc.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying "Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting". Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, Celestica Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Celestica Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and our report dated March 3, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. Toronto, Canada March 3, 2016 /s/ KPMG LLP Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants F-2 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Celestica Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Celestica Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of Celestica Inc.'s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Celestica Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Celestica Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 3, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Celestica Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting. Toronto, Canada March 3, 2016 /s/ KPMG LLP Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants F-3 CELESTICA INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (in millions of U.S. dollars) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents (note 20) Accounts receivable (note 4) Inventories (note 5) Income taxes receivable Assets classified as held for sale (note 6) Other current assets (note 3) Total current assets Property, plant and equipment (note 7) Goodwill (note 8) Intangible assets (note 8) Deferred income taxes (note 19) Other non-current assets (notes 3 & 9) Total assets Liabilities and Equity Current liabilities: Current portion of borrowings under credit facility and finance lease obligations (notes 3 & 11) Accounts payable Accrued and other current liabilities Income taxes payable (note 19) Current portion of provisions (note 10) Total current liabilities Long-term portion of borrowings under credit facility and finance lease obligations (notes 3 & 11) Pension and non-pension post-employment benefit obligations (note 18) Provisions and other non-current liabilities (note 10) Deferred income taxes (note 19) Total liabilities Equity: Capital stock (note 12) Treasury stock (note 12) Contributed surplus Deficit Accumulated other comprehensive loss (notes 2(n) & 13) Total equity Total liabilities and equity Commitments, contingencies and guarantees (note 23) Subsequent event (note 12) December 31 2014 December 31 2015 $ $ $ $ 565.0 693.5 719.0 11.4 28.3 87.0 2,104.2 312.4 19.5 35.2 37.3 75.0 2,583.6 — 730.9 259.6 14.5 49.3 1,054.3 — 99.2 18.1 17.1 1,188.7 2,609.5 (21.4) 677.1 (1,845.3) (25.0) 1,394.9 2,583.6 $ $ $ $ 545.3 681.0 794.6 10.4 27.4 65.3 2,124.0 314.6 19.5 30.4 40.1 83.4 2,612.0 29.1 801.4 257.7 25.0 20.2 1,133.4 250.6 83.2 28.0 25.8 1,521.0 2,093.9 (31.4) 846.7 (1,785.4) (32.8) 1,091.0 2,612.0 Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors [Signed] William A. Etherington, Director [Signed] Laurette T. Koellner, Director The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-4 CELESTICA INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (in millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts) Revenue Cost of sales (notes 5 & 14) Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) (note 14) Research and development Amortization of intangible assets (note 8) Other charges (note 15) Earnings from operations Finance costs (note 16) Earnings before income taxes Income tax expense (recovery) (note 19): Current Deferred Net earnings Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Shares used in computing per share amounts (in millions): Basic (note 22) Diluted (note 22) $ $ $ $ 2013 Year ended December 31 2014 2015 $ $ $ $ 5,796.1 5,406.6 389.5 222.3 17.4 12.2 4.0 133.6 2.9 130.7 16.9 (4.2) 12.7 118.0 0.64 0.64 183.4 185.4 $ $ $ $ 5,631.3 5,225.9 405.4 210.3 19.7 10.6 37.1 127.7 3.1 124.6 9.7 6.7 16.4 108.2 0.61 0.60 178.4 180.4 5,639.2 5,248.1 391.1 207.5 23.2 9.2 35.8 115.4 6.3 109.1 38.7 3.5 42.2 66.9 0.43 0.42 155.8 157.9 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-5 CELESTICA INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in millions of U.S. dollars) Net earnings Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (note 13): Items that will not be reclassified to net earnings: Actuarial gains (losses) on pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans (note 18) Items that may be reclassified to net earnings: Currency translation differences for foreign operations Changes from derivatives designated as hedges Total comprehensive income Year ended December 31 2014 2013 2015 $ 118.0 $ 108.2 $ 66.9 7.6 11.9 (3.3) (15.1) 107.2 $ (10.0) (0.7) 109.4 $ $ (7.0) (1.7) (6.1) 52.1 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-6 CELESTICA INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (in millions of U.S. dollars) Capital stock (note 12) Treasury stock (note 12) Contributed surplus $ 2,774.7 $ (18.3) $ 653.2 $ Deficit (2,091.0) $ Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(a) 4.1 $ 19.9 (82.6) — — — — (12.8) 19.1 (12.8) 29.2 — 12.1 — — — — — — — 118.0 — — — — — — — — 7.6 — — — — — (3.3) Total equity 1,322.7 7.1 (53.4) (12.8) 31.2 118.0 7.6 (3.3) Balance — January 1, 2013 Capital transactions: Issuance of capital stock Repurchase of capital stock for cancellation Purchase of treasury stock Stock-based compensation and other Total comprehensive income: Net earnings for 2013 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Actuarial gains on pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans (note 18) Currency translation differences for foreign operations Changes from derivatives designated as hedges Balance — December 31, 2013 — 2,712.0 — (12.0) $ $ $ — 681.7 $ — (1,965.4) $ (15.1) (14.3) $ (15.1) 1,402.0 Capital transactions: Issuance of capital stock Repurchase of capital stock for cancellation(b) Purchase of treasury stock Stock-based compensation and other Total comprehensive income: Net earnings for 2014 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Actuarial gains on pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans (note 18) Currency translation differences for foreign operations Changes from derivatives designated as 20.1 — (12.3) — (122.6) — — — (23.9) 14.5 (8.2) — 15.9 — — — — — — 108.2 — — — — — 7.8 (130.8) (23.9) 30.4 108.2 — — — 11.9 — 11.9 — — — — (10.0) (10.0) hedges Balance — December 31, 2014 — 2,609.5 — (21.4) $ $ $ — 677.1 $ — (1,845.3) $ (0.7) (25.0) $ (0.7) 1,394.9 Capital transactions: Issuance of capital stock Repurchase of capital stock for cancellation Purchase of treasury stock Stock-based compensation and other Total comprehensive income: Net earnings for 2015 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: Actuarial losses on pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans (note 18) Currency translation differences for foreign operations Changes from derivatives designated as 12.6 — (8.7) — (528.2) — — — (28.9) 18.9 157.8 — 20.5 — — — — — — 66.9 — — — (7.0) — — — — — — — — — — (1.7) 3.9 (370.4) (28.9) 39.4 66.9 (7.0) (1.7) hedges Balance — December 31, 2015 — 2,093.9 — (31.4) $ $ $ — 846.7 $ — (1,785.4) $ (6.1) (32.8) $ (6.1) 1,091.0 (a) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is net of tax. See note 13. (b) Includes $50.0 prepayment under a program share repurchase. See note 12. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-7 CELESTICA INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (in millions of U.S. dollars) Cash provided by (used in): Operating activities: Net earnings Adjustments to net earnings for items not affecting cash: Depreciation and amortization Equity-settled stock-based compensation (note 12) Other charges (note 15) Finance costs Income tax expense Other Changes in non-cash working capital items: Accounts receivable Inventories Other current assets Accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and provisions Non-cash working capital changes Net income taxes paid Net cash provided by operating activities Investing activities: Purchase of computer software and property, plant and equipment(a) Proceeds from sale of assets Deposit on anticipated sale of real property (note 7) Advances to solar supplier (note 3) Repayments from solar supplier (note 3) Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities: Borrowings under credit facility (note 11) Repayments under credit facility (note 11) Issuance of capital stock (note 12) Repurchase of capital stock for cancellation (note 12) Purchase of treasury stock (note 12) Finance costs paid Net cash used in financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ Year ended December 31 2014 2013 2015 $ 118.0 $ 108.2 $ 66.9 71.7 29.2 1.9 2.9 12.7 3.8 46.4 (71.5) 3.6 (47.5) (69.0) (21.8) 149.4 (52.8) 4.2 — — — (48.6) — (55.0) 7.1 (43.6) (12.8) (2.7) (107.0) (6.2) 550.5 544.3 $ 68.7 28.4 47.1 3.1 16.4 (14.7) (39.4) 98.2 (18.9) (31.6) 8.3 (24.0) 241.5 (61.3) 1.4 — — — (59.9) — — 7.8 (140.6) (23.9) (4.2) (160.9) 20.7 544.3 565.0 $ 68.3 37.6 16.3 6.3 42.2 (17.5) 12.5 (75.6) 38.2 28.8 3.9 (27.7) 196.3 (62.8) 2.8 11.2 (29.5) 3.0 (75.3) 275.0 (12.5) 3.9 (370.4) (28.9) (7.8) (140.7) (19.7) 565.0 545.3 (a) Additional equipment of $19.0 was acquired through a finance lease in 2015. See note 3. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-8 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) 1. REPORTING ENTITY: Celestica Inc. (Celestica) is incorporated in Canada with its corporate headquarters located at 844 Don Mills Road, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1V7. Celestica's subordinate voting shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Celestica delivers innovative supply chain solutions globally to customers in the Communications (comprised of enterprise communications and telecommunications), Consumer, Diversified (comprised of aerospace and defense, industrial, healthcare, energy, and semiconductor equipment), Servers, and Storage end markets. Our product lifecycle offerings include a range of services to our customers including design, engineering services, supply chain management, new product introduction, component sourcing, electronics manufacturing, assembly and test, complex mechanical assembly, systems integration, precision machining, order fulfillment, logistics and after-market repair and return services. 2. BASIS OF PREPARATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: Statement of compliance: The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by our Board of Directors on March 3, 2016. Functional and presentation currency: The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is also our functional currency. Unless otherwise noted, all financial information is presented in millions of U.S. dollars (except percentages and per share amounts). Use of estimates and judgments: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions. We review our estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis and make revisions as determined necessary by management. Revisions are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and may impact future periods as well. Key sources of estimation uncertainty and judgment: We have applied significant estimates and assumptions in the following areas which we believe could have a significant impact on our reported results and financial position: our valuations of inventory, assets held for sale and income taxes; the amount of our restructuring charges or recoveries; the measurement of the recoverable amounts of our cash generating units (CGUs, as defined below), which includes estimating future growth, profitability and discount rates, and the fair value of our real property; our valuations of financial assets and liabilities, pension and non-pension post-employment benefit costs, employee stock-based compensation expense, provisions and contingencies; and the allocation of the purchase price and other valuations related to our business acquisitions. We define a CGU as the smallest identifiable group of assets that cannot be tested individually and that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. CGUs can be comprised of a single site, a group of sites, or a line of business. We have also applied significant judgment in the following areas: the determination of our CGUs and whether events or changes in circumstances during the year are indicators that a review for impairment should F-9 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) be conducted, and the timing of the recognition of charges or recoveries associated with our restructuring actions. The near-term economic environment could also impact certain estimates necessary to prepare our consolidated financial statements, in particular, the estimates related to the recoverable amounts used in our impairment testing of our non-financial assets, and the discount rates applied to our net pension and non-pension post-employment benefit assets or liabilities. We describe our use of judgment and estimation uncertainties in greater detail in the following accounting policies. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: The accounting policies below are in compliance with IFRS and have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. (a) Basis of measurement: The consolidated financial statements have been prepared primarily on the historical cost basis. Other measurement bases are described in the applicable notes. (b) Basis of consolidation: These consolidated financial statements include our direct and indirect subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. Any subsidiaries that are formed or acquired during the year are consolidated from their respective dates of formation or acquisition. Inter-company transactions and balances are eliminated on consolidation. (c) Business combinations: We use the acquisition method to account for any business combinations. All identifiable assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. Any goodwill that arises from business combinations is tested annually for impairment (see note 2(l)). Obligations for contingent consideration and contingencies are also recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. We generally record subsequent changes in the fair value of such contingent liabilities from the date of acquisition to the settlement date in our consolidated statement of operations. We expense acquisition-related transaction costs as incurred in our consolidated statement of operations. We use judgment to determine the purchase price allocation and estimates to value identifiable net assets, including the fair value of contingent consideration, if applicable, at the acquisition date. We may engage independent third parties to determine the fair value of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. We use estimates to determine cash flow projections, including the period of future benefit, and future growth and discount rates, among other factors. (d) Foreign currency translation: The majority of our subsidiaries have a U.S. dollar functional currency which represents the currency of the primary economic environment in which they operate. For these subsidiaries, we translate monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. dollars at the period-end exchange rates. We translate non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at historic rates, and we translate revenue and expenses at the average exchange rates prevailing during the month of the transaction. Exchange gains and losses also arise on the settlement of foreign-currency denominated transactions. We recognize foreign currency differences arising on translation in our consolidated statement of operations. For foreign operations with a non-U.S. dollar functional currency, we translate assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using the period-end exchange rates, and we translate revenue and expenses at the average F-10 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) exchange rates prevailing during the month of the transaction. We defer gains and losses arising from the translation of these foreign operations in the foreign currency translation account included in accumulated other comprehensive income. (e) Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on account and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. These instruments are subject to an insignificant risk of change in fair value over their terms and, as a result, we carry cash and cash equivalents at cost. (f) Accounts receivable: We initially value our accounts receivable at fair value. We record an allowance for doubtful accounts against accounts receivable that management believes are impaired. We record specific allowances against customer receivables based on our evaluation of the customers' credit worthiness and knowledge of their financial condition. We also consider the aging of the receivables, customer and industry concentrations, the current business environment, and historical experience. (g) Inventories: We procure inventory and manufacture based on specific customer orders and forecasts and value our inventory on a first-in, first-out basis at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of our finished goods and work-in-progress includes direct materials, labor and overhead. We may require valuation adjustments if actual market conditions or demand for our customers' products are less favorable than originally projected. The determination of net realizable value involves significant management judgment. We consider factors such as shrinkage, the aging of and future demand for the inventory, and contractual arrangements with customers. We attempt to utilize excess inventory in other products we manufacture or return inventory to the relevant suppliers or customers. We use future sales volume forecasts to estimate excess inventory on-hand. A change to these assumptions may impact our inventory valuation and our gross margins. Should circumstances change, we may adjust our previous write-downs in our consolidated statement of operations in the period a change in estimate occurs. (h) Assets classified as held for sale: We classify assets as held for sale if the carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continued use. Management must be committed to the sale transaction and the asset must be immediately available for sale in its present condition. Assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The determination of fair value less costs to sell involves judgment by management on the probability and timing of disposition and the amount of recoveries and costs. We may engage independent third parties to determine the estimated fair values less costs to sell for assets classified as held for sale. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of our estimates and assumptions. We may require adjustments to reflect actual experience or changes in estimates. (i) Property, plant and equipment: We carry property, plant and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost consists of expenditures directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset, including interest on any borrowed funds used for constructing qualified long-term assets. We capitalize the cost of an asset when the economic benefits associated with that asset are probable and when the cost can be measured reliably. We capitalize the costs of major renovations and we write-off the carrying amount of replaced assets. We expense all other maintenance and repair costs in our consolidated statement of operations as incurred. We do not F-11 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) depreciate land. We recognize depreciation expense on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows: Buildings Building/leasehold improvements Machinery and equipment 25 years Up to 25 years or term of lease 3 to 10 years We estimate the useful life of property, plant and equipment based on the nature of the asset, historical experience, the terms of any related customer contract and expected changes in technology. When major components of an asset have a significantly different useful life than their primary asset, the components are accounted for and depreciated separately. We review our estimates of residual values, useful lives and the methods of depreciation annually at year end and, if required, adjust for these prospectively. We determine gains and losses on the disposal or retirement of property, plant and equipment by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of the asset and we recognize these gains and losses in our consolidated statement of operations in the period of disposal. (j) Leases: We are the lessee of property, plant and equipment, primarily buildings and machinery. We classify leases as operating leases where the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor. We generally treat payments made under operating leases as rentals and recognize them as expenses on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease in our consolidated statement of operations. For operating leases, we do not record the leased asset or associated obligation on our consolidated balance sheet. We classify leases as finance leases if the risks and rewards of ownership have substantially transferred to us. We capitalize finance leases at the commencement of the lease at the lower of the fair value of the leased asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments, and we depreciate finance leases over a period based on the useful life of the asset. We include the corresponding liabilities, net of finance costs, in our consolidated balance sheet. We allocate each finance lease payment between the liability and finance costs. (k) Goodwill and intangible assets: Goodwill: We initially record goodwill on our consolidated balance sheet in the amount of the excess of the fair value of the aggregate consideration paid (including the fair value of any contingent consideration) over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. In subsequent reporting periods, we measure goodwill at cost less accumulated impairment losses. We do not amortize goodwill. For purposes of impairment testing, we allocate goodwill to the CGU, or group of CGUs, that we expect will benefit from the acquisition. See note 2(l), Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment. Intangible assets: We record intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value on the date of acquisition. We capitalize intangible assets when the economic benefits associated with the asset are probable and when the cost can be measured reliably. We estimate the useful life of intangible assets based on the nature of the asset, historical experience and the projected period of expected future economic benefits to be provided by the asset. In subsequent reporting periods, we measure intangible assets at cost less accumulated amortization and F-12 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) accumulated impairment losses, if any. We amortize these assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows: Intellectual property Other intangible assets Computer software assets 3 to 5 years 4 to 10 years 1 to 10 years Intellectual property assets consist primarily of certain non-patented intellectual property and process technology. Other intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships and contract intangibles. Computer software assets consist primarily of software licenses. We review our estimates of residual values, useful lives and the methods of amortization annually at year end and, if required, adjust for these prospectively. We reflect changes in useful lives on a prospective basis. (l) Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment: We review the carrying amounts of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment for impairment on an annual basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or CGU may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, we test the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU for impairment. Absent triggering events during the year, we conduct our annual impairment assessment in the fourth quarter of the year to correspond with our annual planning cycle. Judgment is required in the determination of our CGUs and whether events or changes in circumstances during the year are indicators that a review for impairment should be conducted prior to the annual assessment. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset, CGU or group of CGUs exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset, CGU or group of CGUs is measured as the greater of its value-in-use and its fair value less costs to sell. The process of determining the recoverable amount is subjective and requires management to exercise significant judgment in estimating future growth, profitability, and discount rates, and in projecting future cash flows, among other factors. The process of determining fair value less costs to sell requires valuations and use of appraisals. Where applicable, we engage independent brokers to obtain market prices to estimate our real property values. We recognize impairment losses in our consolidated statement of operations. We first allocate impairment losses in respect of a CGU or group of CGUs to reduce the carrying amount of its goodwill, and then to reduce the carrying amount of other assets in such CGU or group of CGUs generally on a pro rata basis. See notes 8 and 15(b). We do not reverse impairment losses for goodwill in future periods. We reverse impairment losses for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, if the losses we recognized in prior periods no longer exist or have decreased. At each reporting date, we review for indicators that could change the estimates we used to determine the recoverable amount of the relevant assets. The amount of any reversal is limited to restoring the carrying amount to the amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, had we recognized no impairment loss in prior periods. (m) Provisions: We recognize a provision for legal or constructive obligations arising from past events when the amount can be reliably estimated and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle an obligation. The nature and type of provisions vary and management judgment is required to determine the extent of an obligation and whether the outflow of resources is probable. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of the remaining balances. We may require adjustments to the recorded amounts to reflect actual experience or changes in future estimates. F-13 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Restructuring: We incur restructuring charges relating to workforce reductions, site consolidations and costs associated with exiting businesses. Our restructuring charges include employee severance and benefit costs, gains, losses or impairments related to owned sites and equipment we no longer use and which are available for sale, impairment of related intangible assets, and costs related to leased sites and equipment we no longer use. The recognition of restructuring charges requires management to make certain judgments and estimates regarding the nature, timing and amounts associated with our restructuring plans. Our major assumptions include the number of employees to be terminated and the timing of such terminations, the measurement of termination costs, the timing and amount of lease obligations, and the timing of disposition and estimated fair values less costs to sell of assets we no longer use and which are available for sale. We develop detailed plans and recognize employee termination costs in the period the employees are informed of their termination. For owned sites and equipment that are no longer in use and are available for sale, we recognize an impairment loss based on the fair value less costs to sell, with fair value estimated based on market prices for similar assets. We may engage independent third parties to determine the fair value less costs to sell for these assets. For leased sites that we have vacated, we discount the lease obligation based on future lease payments net of estimated sublease income, if any. We recognize the change in provisions due to the passage of time as finance costs. To estimate future sublease income, we engage independent brokers to determine the estimated tenant rents we can expect to realize. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of the remaining balances. Adjustments to the recorded amounts may be required to reflect actual experience or changes in future estimates. See note 15(a). Legal: In the normal course of our operations, we may be subject to lawsuits, investigations and other claims, including environmental, labor, product, customer disputes and other matters. We recognize a provision for claims based on management's estimate of the probable outcome. Judgment is required when there is a range of possible outcomes. Management considers the degree of probability of the outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the loss. We may also use third party advisors in making our determination. The filing of a suit or formal assertion of a claim does not automatically trigger a requirement to record a provision. The ultimate outcome, including the amount and timing of any payments required, may vary significantly from our original estimates. Potential material obligations that have not been recognized as provisions, as the outcome is remote or not probable, or the amount cannot be reliably estimated, are disclosed as contingent liabilities. See note 23. Warranty: We offer product and service warranties to our customers. We record a provision for future warranty costs based on management's estimate of probable claims under these warranties. In determining the amount of the provision, we consider several factors including the terms of the warranty (which vary by customer, product or service), the current volume of products sold or services rendered during the warranty period, and historical warranty information. We review and adjust these estimates as necessary to reflect our experience and new information. The amount and aging of our provision will vary depending on various factors including the length of the warranty offered, the remaining life of the warranty and the extent and timing of warranty claims. We have classified a portion of our warranty provision as current and a portion as non-current. F-14 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) (n) Employee benefits: Pension and non-pension post-employment benefits: We classify pension and non-pension post-employment benefits as either defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans. Under defined contribution plans, our obligation is to make a fixed contribution to a separate entity. The related investment risk is borne by the employee. We recognize our obligations to make contributions to defined contribution plans as an employee benefit expense in our consolidated statement of operations in the period the employee services are rendered. Under defined benefit plans, our obligation is to provide an agreed upon benefit to specified plan participants. We remain exposed to the actuarial and investment risks with respect to defined benefit plans. The net obligation is actuarially determined using the projected unit credit method, based on service and management's estimates. Actuarial valuations require management to make certain judgments and estimates relating to salary escalation, compensation levels at the time of retirement, retirement ages, the discount rate used in measuring the net interest on the net defined benefit asset or liability, and expected healthcare costs (as applicable). These actuarial assumptions could change from period-to-period and actual results could differ materially from the estimates originally made by management. We evaluate our assumptions on a regular basis, taking into consideration current market conditions and historical data. Market driven changes may affect the actual rate of return on plan assets compared to our assumptions, as well as our discount rates and other variables which could cause actual results to differ materially from our estimates. Changes in assumptions could impact our defined benefit pension plan valuations and our future defined benefit pension plan expense and required funding. Our obligation for each defined benefit plan consists of the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets, and is presented on a net basis on our consolidated balance sheet. When the actuarial calculation results in a benefit, the asset we recognize is restricted to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. To calculate the present value of economic benefits, we also consider any minimum funding requirements that apply to the plan. An economic benefit is available if it is realizable during the life of the plan, or on settlement of the plan liabilities. We recognize past service costs or credits arising from plan amendments, whether vested or unvested, immediately in our consolidated statement of operations. We determine the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for each year by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the year to the net defined benefit liability (asset) position, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the year as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. The difference between the interest income on plan assets and the actual net return on plan assets is included in the re-measurement of the net defined benefit liability (asset). We recognize actuarial gains and losses on plan assets or obligations, as well as any year over year change in the impairment of the balance sheet position in other comprehensive income (OCI) and we reclassify the amounts to deficit. Curtailment gains or losses may arise from significant changes to a plan. We record curtailment gains or losses in our consolidated statement of operations when the curtailment occurs. Stock-based compensation: We generally grant stock options, performance share units (PSUs) and restricted share units (RSUs) to employees under our stock-based compensation plans. Stock options and RSUs vest in installments over the vesting period. Stock options generally vest 25% per year over a four-year period, and RSUs generally vest one-third per year over a three-year period. We treat each installment of stock options and RSUs as a separate F-15 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) grant in determining the compensation expense. PSUs vest at the end of their respective terms, generally three years from the grant date, to the extent that specified performance conditions have been met. Options are exercisable for subordinate voting shares. We recognize the grant date fair value of options granted to employees as compensation expense in our consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding charge to contributed surplus on our consolidated balance sheet, over the vesting period. We adjust compensation expense to reflect the estimated number of options we expect to vest at the end of the vesting period. When options are exercised, we credit the proceeds to capital stock on our consolidated balance sheet. We measure the fair value of options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Measurement inputs include the price of our subordinate voting shares on the grant date, the exercise price of the option, and our estimates of the following: expected price volatility of our subordinate voting shares (based on weighted average historic volatility), weighted average expected life of the option (based on historical experience and general option holder behavior), expected dividends, and the risk-free interest rate. The cost we record for RSUs, for all PSUs granted prior to 2011, and for 40% of the PSUs granted commencing in 2013, is based on the market value of our subordinate voting shares at the time of grant. The cost we record for these PSUs, which vest based on a non-market performance condition related to our achievement of pre-determined financial targets over a specified period, is based on our estimate of the outcome of such performance condition. We adjust the cost of these PSUs as new facts and circumstances arise; the timing of these adjustments is subject to judgment. We generally record adjustments to the cost of these PSUs during the last year of the three-year term based on management's estimate of the level of achievement of such performance condition. We amortize the cost of RSUs and these PSUs to compensation expense in our consolidated statement of operations, with a corresponding charge to contributed surplus in our consolidated balance sheet, over the vesting period. Historically, we have generally settled these awards with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market by a trustee, or by issuing subordinate voting shares from treasury. However, under certain circumstances, we have cash-settled certain awards, which we accounted for as liabilities. We re-measure the liabilities based on our share price at each reporting date and at the settlement date, with a corresponding charge or recovery recorded in our consolidated statement of operations. We determine the cost we record for all PSUs granted in 2011 and 2012, and 60% of the PSUs granted commencing in 2013, using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The number of awards expected to vest is factored into the grant date Monte Carlo valuation for the award. The number of these PSUs that will vest depends on the level of achievement of a market performance condition, over a three-year period, based on our total shareholder return (TSR) relative to the TSR of a pre-defined group of companies. We do not adjust the grant date fair value regardless of the eventual number of awards that vest based on the level of achievement of the market performance condition. We recognize compensation expense in our consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and we reduce this expense for the estimated PSU awards that are not expected to vest because the employment conditions are not expected to be satisfied. We grant deferred share units (DSUs) to certain members of our Board of Directors as part of their compensation, which is comprised of an annual equity award, an annual retainer, and meeting fees. In the case of the annual equity award, which is granted in equal amounts each quarter, the number of DSUs we grant is determined by dividing the dollar value of the award by the closing price of our subordinate voting shares on the NYSE on the last business day of the quarter. In the case of the annual retainer and meeting fees, the number of DSUs we grant is determined by dividing either 50% or 100% (depending on the election made by each director), of the dollar value of the retainer and fees earned in the quarter by the closing price of our subordinate voting shares on the NYSE on the last business day of the quarter. Each DSU represents the right to receive one subordinate voting share or an equivalent value in cash after the individual ceases to serve as a director. For DSUs granted prior to January 1, 2007, we may settle these share units with subordinate voting shares issued from treasury or purchased in the open market, or with cash. For DSUs granted after January 1, 2007, we may only settle these share units with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market or with F-16 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) cash. We expense the cost of DSUs through SG&A in our consolidated statement of operations in the period the services are rendered. (o) Deferred financing costs: Deferred financing costs consist of costs relating to the revolving portion of our credit facility (Revolving Facility) which we amortize to our consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the term of the facility. We record financing costs relating to the issuance of any long-term debt as a reduction to the cost of the related debt (see note 11) which we amortize to our consolidated statement of operations using the effective interest rate method over the term of the related debt or when the debt is retired, if earlier. (p) Income taxes: Our income tax expense for a reporting period is comprised of current and deferred income taxes. Current taxes and deferred taxes are recognized in our consolidated statement of operations, except to the extent that they relate to items recognized in OCI or directly in equity, in which case, the taxes are also recognized in OCI or directly in equity, respectively. In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain until we resolve it with the relevant tax authority, which may take many years. The final tax outcome of these matters may be different from the estimates management originally made in determining our tax provision. Management periodically evaluates the positions taken in our tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax rules are subject to interpretation. We establish provisions related to tax uncertainties where appropriate based on our estimate of the amount that ultimately will be paid to or received from tax authorities. We recognize accrued interest and penalties relating to tax uncertainties in current income tax expense. The various judgments and estimates by management in establishing provisions related to tax uncertainties will significantly affect the amounts we recognize in our consolidated financial statements. We use the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Under this method, we recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for future income tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, and on unused tax losses and tax credit carryforwards. We measure deferred income taxes using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted (pursuant to IFRS rules) at the reporting date and that we expect will apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled. We recognize deferred income tax assets only to the extent that it is probable, based on management's estimates that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences as well as unused tax losses and tax credit carryforwards can be utilized. Estimates of future taxable profit in different tax jurisdictions are an area of estimation uncertainty. We review our deferred income tax assets at each reporting date and reduce them to the extent it is no longer probable that we will realize the related tax benefits. We recognize the effect of a change in income tax rates in the period of enactment or substantive enactment. We do not recognize deferred income taxes if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill, or for temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of an asset or a liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. We also do not recognize deferred income taxes on temporary differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent we are able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. During each period, we record current income tax expense or recovery based on taxable income earned or loss incurred in each tax jurisdiction where we operate, and for any adjustments to taxes payable in respect of previous years, using tax laws that are enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. F-17 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) (q) Financial assets and financial liabilities: We recognize financial assets and financial liabilities initially at fair value and subsequently measure these at either fair value or amortized cost based on their classification as described below. See note 2(s), Impairment of financial assets. Fair value through profit or loss: Financial assets and financial liabilities that we purchase or incur, respectively, with the intention of generating earnings in the near term, and derivatives other than hedging instruments, are classified as fair value through profit or loss. This category includes our short-term investments in money market funds grouped with cash equivalents, and derivative assets and derivative liabilities not qualifying for hedge accounting. We initially recognize investments on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value and recognize subsequent changes in our consolidated statement of operations. We expense transaction costs as incurred in our consolidated statement of operations. Held-to-maturity investments: Securities that have fixed or determinable payments and a fixed maturity date, which we intend to and have the ability to hold to maturity, are classified as held-to-maturity investments and include our term deposits that we group with cash equivalents. We initially recognize held-to-maturity financial assets on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs, and subsequently measure these at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less any impairment losses. Loans and receivables: We classify financial assets with fixed or determinable payments, such as our accounts receivable, as loans and receivables. This category excludes any derivative assets or assets that are quoted in active markets. We initially recognize loans and receivables on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs, and subsequently measure these at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less any impairment losses. Other financial liabilities: This category is for financial liabilities that are not classified as fair value through profit or loss and includes accounts payable, the majority of our accrued liabilities and certain other provisions, as well as borrowings under our credit facility. We record these financial liabilities at amortized cost on our consolidated balance sheet. Available-for-sale: We currently do not hold any financial assets designated as available-for-sale. (r) Derivatives and hedge accounting: We enter into forward exchange and option contracts to hedge the cash flow risk associated with firm purchase commitments and forecasted transactions in foreign currencies that are considered highly probable and to hedge foreign-currency denominated balances. We use estimates to forecast future cash flows and the future financial position of net monetary assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. We apply hedge accounting to those hedge transactions that are considered effective. Management assesses the effectiveness of hedges by comparing actual outcomes against these estimates on a regular basis. Subsequent revisions in estimates of future cash flow forecasts, if significant, may result in the discontinuation of hedge accounting for that hedge. We do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes. F-18 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) At the inception of a hedging relationship, we formally document the relationship between our hedging instrument and the hedged item, as well as our risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking the various hedge transactions. Our process includes linking all derivatives to specific assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. We also formally assess, both at the hedge's inception and at the end of each quarter, whether the derivatives used in hedged transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged items. We record the gain or loss from these forward contracts in the same line item where the underlying exposures are recognized in our consolidated statement of operations. For our non-designated hedges against our balance sheet exposures denominated in foreign currencies, we record the gain or loss from these forward contracts in SG&A. Forward contracts not designated as hedges are marked to market each period, resulting in a gain or loss in our consolidated statement of operations. We measure all derivative contracts at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. The majority of our derivative assets and liabilities arise from foreign currency forward contracts that we designate as cash flow hedges. In a cash flow hedge, we defer the changes in the fair value of the hedging derivative, to the extent effective, in OCI until we recognize the asset, liability or forecasted transactions being hedged in our consolidated statement of operations. For hedges that we discontinue before the end of the original hedge term, we amortize the unrealized hedge gain or loss in OCI in our consolidated statement of operations over the remaining duration of the original hedge term. If the hedged item ceases to exist before the end of the original hedge term, we recognize the unrealized hedge gain or loss in OCI immediately in our consolidated statement of operations. For our current cash flow hedges, the majority of the underlying expenses we hedge are included in cost of sales in our consolidated statement of operations. We value our derivative assets and liabilities based on inputs that are either readily available in public markets or derived from information available in public markets. The inputs we use include discount rates and forward exchange rates. Changes in these inputs can cause significant volatility in the fair value of our financial instruments in the short-term. (s) Impairment of financial assets: We review financial assets at each reporting date and these are deemed to be impaired when objective evidence resulting from one or more events subsequent to the initial recognition of the asset indicates the estimated future cash flows of the asset have been negatively impacted. We measure an impairment loss as the excess of the carrying amount over the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted using the financial asset's original discount rate and we recognize this loss in our consolidated statement of operations. (t) Revenue: We derive the majority of our revenue from the sale of electronic products and services that we have manufactured and provided to customer specifications. Our range of services includes, among others, design, engineering, manufacturing, assembly and test, fulfillment and after-market services. We recognize revenue from the sale of products and services rendered when the significant risks and rewards of ownership associated with the products sold or services rendered have passed to the buyer and no material uncertainties remain as to the collection of our receivables and we have no further performance obligations thereunder other than our manufacturing or service warranties. We provide warehousing services in connection with manufacturing services to certain customers. We assess the contracts to determine whether the manufacturing and warehousing services can be accounted for as separate units of accounting. If the services do not constitute separate units of accounting, or the manufacturing services do not meet all of the revenue recognition requirements under IFRS, we defer recognizing revenue until we have shipped the products to the customer. F-19 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) (u) Government grants: We may receive government grants related to equipment purchases or other expenditures. We recognize these grants when there is reasonable assurance that we will retain the benefits. If we receive a grant but do not have reasonable assurance that we will comply with the conditions of the grant, we will defer the grant and record a liability on our consolidated balance sheet until the conditions are fulfilled. For grants that relate to the purchase of equipment, we reduce the cost of the asset in the period the cost is incurred or when the conditions are fulfilled, and we calculate amortization on the net amount. For grants that relate to operating expenditures, we reduce the expense in the period the cost is incurred or when the conditions are fulfilled. (v) Research and development: We incur costs relating to research and development activities. We expense these costs as incurred in our consolidated statement of operations unless development costs meet certain criteria under IFRS for capitalization. (w) Earnings per share (EPS): We calculate basic EPS by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. We calculate diluted EPS using the treasury stock method, which reflects the potential dilution from stock-based awards that are issued from treasury. (x) Recently issued accounting pronouncements: IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: In May 2014, the IASB issued this standard, which provides a single, principles-based five-step model for revenue recognition to be applied to all customer contracts, and requires enhanced disclosures. The IASB recently confirmed a one-year deferral of this standard, which will now be effective January 1, 2018 and allows early adoption. We do not intend to adopt this standard early and are currently evaluating the anticipated impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements. IFRS 9, Financial Instruments: In July 2014, the IASB issued a final version of this standard, which replaces IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier adoption permitted. The standard introduces a new model for the classification and measurement of financial assets, a single expected credit loss model for the measurement of the impairment of financial assets, and a new model for hedge accounting that is aligned with a company's risk management activities. We do not intend to adopt this standard early and are currently evaluating the anticipated impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements. IFRS 16, Leases: In January 2016, the IASB issued this standard, which brings most leases on-balance sheet for lessees under a single model, eliminating the distinction between operating and finance leases. IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17, Leases , and related interpretations and is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted if IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , has also been applied. We do not intend to adopt this standard early and are currently evaluating the anticipated impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements. F-20 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) 3. SOLAR INVESTMENTS: In March 2015, we entered into a supply agreement with an Asia-based solar cell supplier (Solar Supplier) that includes a commitment by us to provide cash advances of up to $31.0 (reduced from previous estimates of up to $36.0) to help secure our solar cell supply. The advances were used by the Solar Supplier to help finance the expansion of its manufacturing operations into Malaysia. This supply agreement has an initial term of three and a half years, and is subject to automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless either party provides a notice of intent not to renew. All such cash advances are scheduled to be repaid by this supplier through quarterly repayment installments starting in the fourth quarter of 2015 and continuing through the end of 2017. As of December 31, 2015, we advanced a total of $29.5 under this agreement. We received cash repayments of $3.0 from the supplier in the fourth quarter of 2015. As of December 31, 2015, $26.5 remains recoverable from this supplier, which we have recorded as other current assets of $17.0 and other non-current assets of $9.5 on our consolidated balance sheet. See note 9. In April 2015, we entered into a five-year agreement to lease manufacturing equipment valued at up to $20.0 to be used in our solar operations in Asia. As of December 31, 2015, we recorded lease obligations totaling $19.0, consisting of short-term obligations of $4.1 and long-term obligations of $14.9, related to the manufacturing equipment we received as of such date. Our lease payments are due quarterly, commencing in January 2016. This lease qualifies as a finance lease under IFRS. See notes 7, 11 and 23. 4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE: We have an accounts receivable sales agreement to sell up to $250.0 at any one time in accounts receivable on an uncommitted basis (subject to pre-determined limits by customer) to three third-party banks. Each of these banks had a Standard and Poor's long-term rating of BBB+ or above and a short-term rating of A-2 or above at December 31, 2015. The term of this agreement has been annually extended in recent years for additional one-year periods (and is currently extendable to November 2017 under specified circumstances), but may be terminated earlier as provided in the agreement. At December 31, 2015, $50.0 of accounts receivable were sold under this facility (December 31, 2014 — $50.0) and de-recognized from our accounts receivable balance. The accounts receivable sold are removed from our consolidated balance sheet and reflected as cash provided by operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows. Upon sale, we assign the rights to the accounts receivable to the banks. We continue to collect cash from our customers and remit the cash to the banks when collected. We pay interest and fees which we record in finance costs in our consolidated statement of operations. 5. INVENTORIES: Inventories is comprised of the following: Raw materials Work in progress Finished goods December 31 2014 2015 $ $ 458.3 96.8 163.9 719.0 $ $ 521.7 117.8 155.1 794.6 We record our inventory provisions and valuation recoveries in cost of sales. We record inventory provisions to reflect write-downs in the value of our inventory to net realizable value, and valuation recoveries primarily to reflect realized gains on the disposition of inventory previously written down to net realizable value. During F-21 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) 2015, we recorded net inventory provisions of $3.8 (2014 — $5.8; 2013 — $7.9). We regularly review our estimates and assumptions used to value our inventory through analysis of historical performance. 6. ASSETS CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE: As a result of previously announced restructuring actions, we reclassified certain assets as held for sale. At the time of reclassification, we recorded an impairment loss in restructuring charges, where the carrying value of those assets exceeded the fair value less estimated costs to sell. See note 15(a). We have programs underway to sell these assets. At December 31, 2015, we had $27.4 (December 31, 2014 — $28.3) of assets classified as held for sale, primarily land and buildings in Europe and North America. 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT: Property, plant and equipment are comprised of the following: Land Buildings including improvements Machinery and equipment Land Buildings including improvements Machinery and equipment 2014 Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment 7.8 147.8 535.6 691.2 2015 Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment 12.0 162.4 555.7 730.1 Net Book Value 14.9 146.9 150.6 312.4 Net Book Value 10.7 141.7 162.2 314.6 $ $ $ $ Cost 22.7 294.7 686.2 1,003.6 Cost 22.7 304.1 717.9 1,044.7 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ F-22 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) The following table details the changes to the net book value of property, plant and equipment for the years indicated: Balance — January 1, 2014 Additions Depreciation Reclassification to assets held for sale and other disposals Foreign exchange and other Balance — December 31, 2014(i) Additions Depreciation Impairment loss (note 15(b)) Reclassification to assets held for sale and other disposals(ii) Foreign exchange and other Balance — December 31, 2015(i) $ Land $ 16.5 — — — (1.6) 14.9 — — (4.2) — — 10.7 $ $ Buildings including Improvements Machinery and Equipment Total 155.6 7.6 (15.1) (0.1) (1.1) 146.9 14.8 (15.9) (3.2) (1.1) 0.2 141.7 $ $ 141.5 53.0 (43.0) (0.3) (0.6) 150.6 65.7 (43.2) (4.8) (5.1) (1.0) 162.2 $ $ 313.6 60.6 (58.1) (0.4) (3.3) 312.4 80.5 (59.1) (12.2) (6.2) (0.8) 314.6 (i) The net book value of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2015 included $18.6 of assets under finance leases, primarily equipment acquired to support our solar operations in Asia (see note 3). See note 23 for future minimum lease payments under this finance lease. The net book value of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2014 included $0.2 of assets under finance leases. (ii) Includes $4.4 of losses primarily to write-down equipment related to our semiconductor business that we have since sold. See note 15(a). On July 23, 2015, we entered into an agreement of purchase and sale to sell our real property located in Toronto, Ontario, which includes the site of our corporate headquarters and our Toronto manufacturing operations. See note 17. In the fourth quarter of 2015, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, and recorded non-cash impairment charges totaling $12.2, comprised of $6.5 and $5.7, against the property, plant and equipment of our CGUs in Japan and Spain, respectively. See note 15(b). 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS: Goodwill and intangible assets are comprised of the following: Goodwill Intellectual property Other intangible assets Computer software assets 2014 Accumulated Amortization and Impairment 55.4 111.3 209.1 269.9 590.3 Net Book Value $ 19.5 $ — 28.4 6.8 35.2 $ Cost 74.9 111.3 237.5 276.7 625.5 $ $ $ $ $ $ F-23 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Goodwill Intellectual property Other intangible assets Computer software assets 2015 Accumulated Amortization and Impairment 55.4 111.3 215.1 273.1 599.5 Net Book Value $ 19.5 $ — 21.9 8.5 30.4 $ Cost 74.9 111.3 237.0 281.6 629.9 $ $ $ $ $ $ The following table details the changes to the net book value of goodwill and intangible assets for the years indicated: Balance — January 1, 2014 Additions Amortization Impairment loss (note 15(b)) Foreign exchange and other Balance — December 31, 2014 Additions Amortization Foreign exchange and other Balance — December 31, 2015 Goodwill Other Intangible Assets Computer Software Assets $ $ 60.3 — — (40.8) — 19.5 — — — 19.5 $ $ 35.4 — (6.3) — (0.7) 28.4 — (6.0) (0.5) 21.9 $ $ 8.8 3.2 (4.3) — (0.9) 6.8 4.7 (3.2) 0.2 8.5 $ $ Total 104.5 3.2 (10.6) (40.8) (1.6) 54.7 4.7 (9.2) (0.3) 49.9 In the fourth quarter of 2014, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, and recorded impairment charges of $40.8 against the goodwill of our semiconductor CGU. We recorded no impairment charges against goodwill or intangible assets in 2015 or 2013. See note 15(b). 9. OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS: Net pension assets (note 18) Land rights Advances to solar supplier (note 3) Other F-24 December 31 2014 2015 $ 60.3 11.8 — 2.9 75.0 $ $ $ 58.2 11.4 9.5 4.3 83.4 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) 10. PROVISIONS: Our provisions include restructuring, warranty, legal and other provisions. We have included a description of our restructuring, warranty and legal provisions in note 2(m). We include details of our restructuring provision in note 15(a). The following chart details the changes in our provisions for the year indicated: Restructuring Warranty Legal(i) Other(ii) Total Balance — December 31, 2014 Provisions Reversal of prior year provisions(iii) Payments/usage Accretion, foreign exchange and other Balance — December 31, 2015 Current Non-current(iv) December 31, 2015 $ $ $ $ 1.9 20.6 (1.1) (10.7) 10.7 10.7 10.7 $ $ $ $ — — 17.2 11.7 (3.8) (5.9) (1.2) 18.0 7.5 10.5 18.0 $ 41.2 1.2 (4.2) (35.9) (0.3) 2.0 $ $ 2.0 — 2.0 $ $ 4.4 0.4 — (0.2) (0.2) 4.4 — 4.4 4.4 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 64.7 33.9 (9.1) (52.7) (1.7) 35.1 20.2 14.9 35.1 (i) During 2014, we recorded provisions for various legal actions based on our estimates of the likely outcomes. A substantial portion of such provisions was anticipated to be covered by insurance recoveries which we had recorded in other current assets on our consolidated balance sheet as at December 31, 2014. During 2015, the majority of these legal actions were settled and covered by insurance proceeds as anticipated. See note 23. (ii) Other represents our asset retirement obligations of $4.4, relating primarily to sites that we lease. (iii) During 2015, we reversed prior year warranty provisions for our expired warranties. (iv) Non-current balances are included in provisions and other non-current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of our provisions, and adjustments may be made to reflect actual experience or changes in our estimates. 11. CREDIT FACILITIES AND LONG-TERM DEBT: Our $300.0 revolving credit facility was scheduled to mature in October 2018. In order to fund a portion of our share repurchases under the $350.0 substantial issuer bid we completed in June 2015 (SIB), we amended this facility in May 2015 to add a non-revolving term loan component (Term Loan) in the amount of $250.0 (in addition to the previous revolving credit limit of $300.0), and to extend the maturity of the entire facility to May 2020. We funded the SIB using the proceeds of the Term Loan, $25.0 drawn on the revolving portion of the credit facility (Revolving Facility), and $75.0 of available cash on hand. See note 12. During 2015, we made two scheduled quarterly principal repayments totaling $12.5 under the Term Loan. At December 31, 2015, $262.5 was outstanding under the credit facility (December 31, 2014 — no amounts outstanding), comprised of $25.0 under the Revolving Facility and $237.5 under the Term Loan. The Revolving Facility has an accordion feature that allows us to increase the $300.0 limit by an additional $150.0 on an uncommitted basis upon satisfaction of certain terms and conditions. The Revolving Facility also includes a $25.0 swing line, subject to the overall credit limit, that provides for short-term borrowings up to a maximum of seven days. The Revolving Facility permits us and certain designated subsidiaries to borrow funds for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest for the period of the draw at various base rates selected by us consisting of LIBOR, Prime, Base Rate Canada, and Base Rate (each as defined in the amended credit agreement), plus a margin. The margin for borrowings under the Revolving Facility ranges from 0.6% to 1.4% (except in the case of the LIBOR base rate, in which case, the F-25 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) margin ranges from 1.6% to 2.4%), based on a specified financial ratio based on indebtedness. The Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.0% to 3.0% based on the same financial ratio. We are required to comply with certain restrictive covenants under the credit facility, including those relating to the incurrence of senior ranking indebtedness, the sale of assets, a change of control, and certain financial covenants related to indebtedness and interest coverage. Certain of our assets are pledged as security for borrowings under this facility. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the administrative agent may declare all advances on the facility to be immediately due and payable and may cancel the lenders' commitments to make further advances thereunder. The following table sets forth our borrowings under the Revolving Facility, Term Loan, and finance lease obligations as of December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 — nil): Borrowings under the Revolving Facility Term Loan Total borrowings under credit facility Less: unamortized debt issuance costs Finance lease obligations (see notes 3 and 23) Comprised of: Current portion of borrowings under credit facility and finance lease obligations Long-term portion of borrowings under credit facility and finance lease obligations December 31 2015 25.0 237.5 262.5 (1.8) 19.0 279.7 29.1 250.6 279.7 $ $ $ $ We incurred debt issuance costs of $2.1 in 2015 in connection with the amendment of the credit facility, which we recorded as an offset against the proceeds from the Term Loan. Such costs are deferred and amortized over the term of the Term Loan using the effective interest rate method. The $25.0 outstanding under the Revolving Facility is due upon maturity of the facility in May 2020. We are permitted to repay amounts prior to maturity. Prepayments are also required under certain circumstances. The Term Loan requires quarterly principal repayments until its maturity. At December 31, 2015, the mandatory principal repayments of the Term Loan were as follows: Years ending December 31 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (to maturity in May 2020) $ Amount 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 137.5 We are permitted to make voluntary prepayments of the Term Loan, subject to certain terms and conditions. Prepayments on the Term Loan are also required under certain circumstances. Repaid amounts on the Term Loan may not be re-borrowed. At December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all restrictive and financial covenants under the credit facility. Commitment fees paid in 2015 were $1.3 (2014 and 2013 — $2.0 per year). At December 31, 2015, we had $27.2 (December 31, 2014 — $28.5) outstanding in letters of credit under this facility. F-26 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) We also have a total of $70.0 of uncommitted bank overdraft facilities available for intraday and overnight operating these overdraft facilities at December 31, 2015 or requirements. There were no amounts outstanding under December 31, 2014. The amounts we borrow and repay under these facilities can vary significantly from month-to-month depending upon our working capital and other cash requirements. During 2013, we repaid $55.0 of borrowings that were outstanding under the Revolving Facility as of December 31, 2012. 12. CAPITAL STOCK: We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of subordinate voting shares, which entitle the holder to one vote per share, and an unlimited number of multiple voting shares, which entitle the holder to 25 votes per share. The subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election of directors, except as otherwise required by law. The holders of the subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares are entitled to share ratably, as a single class, in any dividends declared subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding preferred shares in respect of the payment of dividends. Each multiple voting share is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof and automatically, under certain circumstances, into one subordinate voting share. We are also authorized to issue an unlimited number of preferred shares, issuable in series. No preferred shares have been issued to date. (a) Capital transactions: Number of shares (in millions) Issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012 Issued from treasury(i) Cancelled under NCIB Issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 Issued from treasury(i) Cancelled under NCIB Issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014 Issued from treasury(i) Cancelled under NCIB or SIB Issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 Subordinate Voting Shares Multiple Voting Shares 163.8 2.3 (4.1) 162.0 2.1 (8.5) 155.6 1.3 (32.4) 124.5 — — — — — — 18.9 18.9 18.9 18.9 (i) During 2015, we issued 0.5 million (2014 — 1.1 million; 2013 — 1.2 million) subordinate voting shares upon the exercise of employee stock options for cash proceeds of $3.9 (2014 — $7.8; 2013 — $7.1). We also issued 0.8 million (2014 — 1.0 million; 2013 — 1.1 million) subordinate voting shares from treasury with an ascribed value of $6.5 (2014 — $8.6; 2013 — $9.3) upon the vesting of certain RSUs. We also settled RSUs and PSUs with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market. Settlement of these awards is described below. We have repurchased subordinate voting shares in the open market and otherwise for cancellation in recent years pursuant to normal course issuer bids (NCIBs), which allow us to repurchase a limited number of subordinate voting shares during a specified period, and from time-to-time pursuant to substantial issuer bids, including the SIB described below. As part of the NCIB process, we have entered into Automatic Share Purchase Plans (ASPPs) with brokers, that allow such brokers to purchase our subordinate voting shares in the open market on our behalf, for cancellation under our NCIBs (including during any applicable self-imposed trading blackout periods). In addition, we have entered into program share repurchases (PSRs) as part of the NCIB process, pursuant to which we make a prepayment to a broker in consideration for the right to receive a F-27 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) variable number of subordinate voting shares upon such PSR's completion. Under such PSRs, the price and number of subordinate voting shares to be repurchased by us is determined based on a discount to the volume weighted average market price of our subordinate voting shares during the term of the PSR, subject to certain terms and conditions. The subordinate voting shares repurchased under any PSR are cancelled upon completion of each PSR under the NCIB. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we are permitted to repurchase for cancellation under each NCIB is reduced by the number of subordinate voting shares we purchase in the open market during the term of such NCIB to satisfy obligations under our stock-based compensation plans. In the second quarter of 2015, we launched and completed the SIB, pursuant to which we repurchased and cancelled approximately 26.3 million subordinate voting shares at a price of $13.30 per share (for an aggregate purchase price of $350.0), representing approximately 15.5% of our total multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares issued and outstanding prior to completion of the SIB. We also recorded $0.9 in transaction-related costs. We funded the share repurchases with the proceeds of the Term Loan, $25.0 drawn on the Revolving Facility, and $75.0 of cash on hand. See note 11. On September 9, 2014, the TSX accepted our notice to launch an NCIB (the 2014 NCIB), which allowed us to repurchase, at our discretion, until the earlier of September 10, 2015 or the completion of purchases thereunder, up to approximately 10.3 million subordinate voting shares (representing approximately 5.8% of our total subordinate voting and multiple voting shares outstanding at the time of launch) in the open market or as otherwise permitted, subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. The 2014 NCIB expired in September 2015. During 2015, prior to its expiry, we repurchased and cancelled a total of 6.1 million subordinate voting shares for $69.8 (including transaction fees) under the 2014 NCIB, at a weighted average price of $11.46 per share, including 4.4 million subordinate voting shares repurchased under a $50.0 PSR we funded in December 2014. We completed the share repurchases under this PSR on January 28, 2015 at a weighted average price of $11.38 per share. During 2014, we paid $31.0 (including transaction fees) to repurchase and cancel 2.9 million subordinate voting shares under the 2014 NCIB at a weighted average price of $10.53 per share. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we were permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2014 NCIB was reduced by 0.5 million subordinate voting shares we purchased in the open market during the term of the 2014 NCIB to satisfy obligations under our stock-based compensation plans. In August 2014, we completed an NCIB launched in August 2013 (the 2013 NCIB), which allowed us to repurchase, at our discretion, up to approximately 9.8 million subordinate voting shares in the open market, or as otherwise permitted. During 2014, we paid $59.6 (including transaction fees) to repurchase and cancel 5.5 million subordinate voting shares at a weighted average price of $10.82 per share under the 2013 NCIB, including 4.0 million subordinate voting shares repurchased under two PSRs and 0.9 million subordinate voting shares repurchased under an ASPP completed during the term of the 2013 NCIB. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we were permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2013 NCIB was reduced by 0.3 million subordinate voting shares we purchased in the open market during the term of the 2013 NCIB to satisfy obligations under our stock-based compensation plans. During 2013, we paid $43.6 (including transaction fees) to repurchase and cancel 4.1 million subordinate voting shares under the 2013 NCIB, at a weighted average price of $10.70 per share. At December 31, 2013, we had recorded a liability of $9.8, representing the estimated cash required to repurchase the 0.9 million subordinate voting shares available for purchase under the ASPP described above. Subsequent event: On February 22, 2016, the TSX accepted our notice to launch a new NCIB (2016 NCIB). The 2016 NCIB allows us to repurchase, at our discretion, until the earlier of February 23, 2017 or the completion of purchases thereunder, up to approximately 10.5 million subordinate voting shares (representing approximately 7.3% of our total outstanding subordinate voting and multiple voting shares at the time of launch) in the open market or as F-28 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) otherwise permitted, subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. The maximum number of subordinate voting shares we are permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2016 NCIB will be reduced by the number of subordinate voting shares purchased during the term of the 2016 NCIB to satisfy obligations under our stock-based compensation plans. (b) Stock-based compensation: Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP): Under the LTIP, we may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSUs and PSUs to eligible employees, consultants and directors. We may, at the time of grant, authorize the grantees to settle these awards either in cash or in subordinate voting shares. Absent such permitted election, grants under the LTIP will be settled in subordinate voting shares, which we may purchase in the open market, or issue from treasury (up to a maximum of 29.0 million subordinate voting shares). Celestica Share Unit Plan (CSUP): Under the CSUP, we may grant RSUs and PSUs to eligible employees. We have the option to settle RSUs and PSUs issued thereunder in subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market, or in cash. For disclosure regarding DSUs issued to eligible directors under our Directors' Share Compensation Plan, see note 12(c). During 2015, we recorded aggregate employee stock-based compensation expense, which excludes DSU expense, of $37.6 (2014 — $28.4; 2013 — $29.2) through cost of sales and SG&A. Our employee stock-based compensation expense varies from period-to-period. The portion of such expense that relates to a non-market performance condition varies depending on the level of achievement of pre-determined performance goals and financial targets. (i) Stock options: We grant stock options under our LTIP. Options are granted at prices equal to the closing market price on the day prior to the grant date and are exercisable during a period not to exceed 10 years from the grant date. Stock option transactions were as follows for the years indicated: Outstanding at January 1, 2014 Granted Exercised Forfeited/Expired Outstanding at December 31, 2014 Granted Exercised Forfeited/Expired Outstanding at December 31, 2015 Shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options or awards (in millions) F-29 Number of Options (in millions) Weighted Average Exercise Price — $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5.3 (1.1) (0.9) 3.3 0.3 (0.5) (0.2) 2.9 15.8 — 9.43 6.81 15.74 8.05 13.38 7.92 11.30 8.03 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Outstanding stock options were exercised throughout the year. The weighted average closing market price of our subordinate voting shares was $11.97 during 2015 (2014 — $10.83). The following stock options were outstanding as at December 31, 2015: Range of Exercise Prices $4.13 — $6.05 $6.51 — $8.21 $8.24 — $9.87 $10.00 — $10.20 $10.69 — $13.38 Outstanding Options (in millions) Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Life of Outstanding Options (years) Exercisable Options (in millions) Weighted Average Exercise Price $ $ $ $ $ 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.3 2.9 5.01 7.52 8.81 10.12 13.31 2.2 4.4 6.3 2.4 9.4 $ $ $ $ $ 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.0 — 5.01 7.34 9.21 10.12 10.81 We amortize the estimated grant date fair value of options to expense over the vesting period (generally four years). We determined the grant date fair value of the stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for the years indicated below: Risk-free interest rate Dividend yield Expected volatility of the market price of our shares Expected option life (in years) Weighted average fair value of options granted (1) No stock options were granted in 2014. Year ended December 31 2014(1) N/A — N/A N/A N/A 2013 1.0% — 50% 5.5 3.73 $ 2015 1.6% — 35% 5.5 4.68 $ We determine the expected volatility of our subordinate voting shares based on an evaluation of the historical volatility of our share price. We determine the expected option life based on historical option holder behavior and the risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. government bond yields. (ii) RSUs and PSUs: We grant RSUs and PSUs to our employees pursuant to our LTIP and CSUP. Each vested unit generally entitles the holder to receive one subordinate voting share. Under the CSUP, we have the option to satisfy the delivery of shares upon vesting of the awards by purchasing subordinate voting shares in the open market or by settling such awards in cash. Under the LTIP, we may (at the time of grant) authorize the grantees to settle awards in either cash or subordinate voting shares (absent such permitted election, grants will be settled in subordinate voting shares, which we may purchase in the open market or issue from treasury, subject to certain limits). We have generally settled these awards with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market by a trustee, or by issuing subordinate voting shares from treasury. However, we have also cash-settled certain awards upon vesting (as permitted by the applicable plan). We amortize the grant date fair value of RSUs and PSUs to expense over the vesting period. The number of PSUs that will actually vest will vary from 0 to the amount set forth in the table below as outstanding at December 31, 2015 (representing the maximum potential payout) depending on the level of achievement of the relevant performance conditions. The following table outlines the F-30 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) RSU and PSU transactions during the years indicated. As of December 31, 2015, none of the outstanding RSUs or PSUs had vested. Number of awards (in millions) Outstanding at January 1, 2014 Granted Settled Forfeited/Expired Outstanding at December 31, 2014 Granted Settled Forfeited/Expired Outstanding at December 31, 2015 RSUs PSUs 3.5 2.1 (2.0) (0.2) 3.4 2.2 (2.0) (0.1) 3.5 5.4 2.6 (0.5) (1.4) 6.1 2.1 (0.5) (2.2) 5.5 During 2015, we granted 2.1 million (2014 — 2.6 million; 2013 — 2.1 million) PSUs, of which 60% vest based on the achievement of a market performance condition tied to TSR, and the balance vest based on a non-market performance condition based on pre-determined financial targets. See note 2(n) for a description of TSR. We estimated the grant date fair value of the TSR-based PSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The grant date fair value of the non TSR-based PSUs is determined by the market value of our subordinate voting shares at the time of grant and may be adjusted in subsequent years to reflect a change in the estimated level of achievement related to the applicable performance condition. We expect to settle these awards with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market by a trustee or issued from treasury. The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs awarded in 2015 was $11.49 per unit (2014 — $9.33; 2013 — $8.32). The weighted average grant date fair value of PSUs awarded in 2015 was $13.06 per unit (2014 — $9.30; 2013 — $8.74). From time-to-time, we pay cash for the purchase by a trustee of subordinate voting shares in the open market to satisfy the delivery of subordinate voting shares upon vesting of awards under our stock-based compensation plans. For accounting purposes, we classify these shares as treasury stock until they are delivered pursuant to the plans. During 2015, we purchased 2.5 million (2014 — 2.2 million; 2013 — 1.3 million) subordinate voting shares in the open market through a trustee for $28.9 (2014 — $23.9; 2013 — $12.8) (including transaction fees) to satisfy delivery requirements under our stock-based compensation plans. At December 31, 2015, the trustee held 2.8 million (December 31, 2014 — 2.0 million; December 31, 2013 — 1.3 million) subordinate voting shares with a value of $31.4 (December 31, 2014 — $21.4; December 31, 2013 — $12.0). We did not cash-settle any vested share unit awards in 2015, 2014 or 2013. As management currently intends to settle all outstanding share unit awards with subordinate voting shares purchased in the open market by a trustee or subordinate voting shares issued from treasury, we have accounted for these share unit awards as equity-settled awards. (c) Deferred share units: We grant DSUs to certain members of our Board of Directors under our Directors' Share Compensation Plan. The DSUs may be settled in cash or with subordinate voting shares issued from treasury or purchased in the open market, depending on when the DSUs were granted. See note 2(n) for details. In 2015, we recorded DSU expense of $1.9 (2014 — $1.9; 2013 — $1.9) through SG&A. At December 31, 2015, 1.3 million (December 31, 2014 — 1.1 million) DSUs were outstanding. F-31 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) 13. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS, NET OF TAX: Opening balance of foreign currency translation account Foreign currency translation adjustments Closing balance Opening balance of unrealized net gain (loss) on cash flow hedges Net loss on cash flow hedges(i) Reclassification of net loss (gain) on cash flow hedges to operations(ii) Closing balance(iii) Actuarial gains (losses) on pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans (notes 2(n) & 18) Reclassification of actuarial losses (gains) to deficit (note 2(n)) Closing balance Accumulated other comprehensive loss Year ended December 31 2014 $ (3.5) (10.0) (13.5) (10.8) (11.3) 10.6 (11.5) $ 2013 (0.2) (3.3) (3.5) 4.3 (12.6) (2.5) (10.8) $ 2015 (13.5) (1.7) (15.2) (11.5) (39.2) 33.1 (17.6) 7.6 (7.6) — (14.3) $ 11.9 (11.9) — (25.0) $ (7.0) 7.0 — (32.8) $ (i) Net of income tax recovery of $2.8 for 2015 (2014 — $1.3 income tax recovery; 2013 — $0.5 income tax recovery). (ii) Net of income tax recovery of $(2.9) for 2015 (2014 — $(0.3); 2013 — nil). (iii) Net of income tax recovery of $1.2 as of December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 — $1.3 income tax recovery; December 31, 2013 — $0.3 income tax recovery). We expect that the majority of net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges reported in the 2015 accumulated other comprehensive loss balance will be reclassified to operations during 2016, primarily in cost of sales, as the underlying expenses that are being hedged are included in cost of sales. 14. EXPENSES BY NATURE: We have presented our consolidated statement of operations by function. Included in our cost of sales and SG&A for the year ended December 31, 2015 were employee-related costs of $690.9 (2014 — $716.8; 2013 — $763.0) including employee stock-based compensation expense of $37.6 (2014 — $28.4; 2013 — $29.2), freight and transportation costs of $76.8 (2014 — $73.6; 2013 — $85.3), depreciation expense of $59.1 (2014 — $58.1; 2013 — $59.5) and rental expense of $25.6 (2014 — $29.1; 2013 — $31.5). 15. OTHER CHARGES: Restructuring (a) Asset impairment (b) Pension obligation settlement loss (gain) (c) Other (d) Year ended December 31 2014 $ $ (2.1) 40.8 6.4 (8.0) 37.1 2013 28.0 $ — — (24.0) 4.0 $ 2015 $ 23.9 12.2 (0.3) — 35.8 $ F-32 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) (a) Restructuring: Our restructuring charges (recoveries) were comprised of the following: Cash charges (recoveries) Non-cash charges (recoveries) Year ended December 31 2014 2015 2013 $ $ 26.1 1.9 28.0 $ $ (2.0) (0.1) (2.1) $ $ 19.5 4.4 23.9 We perform ongoing evaluations of our business, operational efficiency and cost structure, and implement restructuring actions as we deem necessary. As a result of our most recent evaluation, we recorded restructuring charges of $23.9 during 2015 to consolidate certain of our sites and to reduce our workforce. Our cash restructuring charges of $19.5 were primarily for employee termination costs, and our non-cash charges of $4.4 were primarily to write down certain equipment to recoverable amounts. Our restructuring charges for 2015 included headcount reductions at various sites, including reductions at under-utilized manufacturing sites in higher cost locations, as well as costs associated with the consolidation of two of our semiconductor sites into a single location. In an effort to reduce the cost structure and improve the margin performance of our semiconductor business, our actions resulted in a reduction in the related workforce and a write down of certain equipment. At December 31, 2015, our restructuring provision was $10.7 (December 31, 2014 — $1.9) comprised primarily of employee termination costs. See note 10. In 2014, we recorded a net reversal of $2.1 primarily to adjust for reduced payments in relation to a site that was part of a previous restructuring action. In 2013, we recorded restructuring charges of $28.0, consisting primarily of employee termination costs related to previous restructuring actions implemented throughout our global network. The recognition of restructuring charges requires us to make certain judgments and estimates regarding the nature, timing and amounts associated with our restructuring actions. Our major assumptions include the number of employees to be terminated and the timing of such terminations, the measurement of termination costs, the timing and amount of lease obligations, and the timing of disposition and estimated fair values of assets available for sale, as applicable. We develop detailed plans and record termination costs for employees informed of their termination. We engage independent brokers to determine the estimated fair values less costs to sell for assets we no longer use and which are available for sale. We recognize an impairment loss for assets whose carrying amount exceeds their respective fair values less costs to sell as determined by such independent brokers. We also record adjustments to reflect actual proceeds on disposition of these assets. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of our restructuring charges and balances. Further adjustments may be required to reflect actual experience or changes in estimates. See notes 2(m) and 10 for further details and description regarding our restructuring provision. (b) Annual impairment assessment: We conduct our annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in the fourth quarter of each year (which corresponds to our annual planning cycle), and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset, CGU or a group of CGUs may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset, CGU or a group of CGUs exceeds its recoverable amount, which is measured as the greater of its value-in-use and its fair value less costs to sell. Prior to our 2015 annual impairment assessment, we did not identify any triggering event during the course of 2015 indicating that the carrying amount of our assets and CGUs may not be recoverable. For our 2015 annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, we used cash F-33 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) flow projections based primarily on our plan for the following year and, to a lesser extent, on our three-year strategic plan and other financial projections. Our plan for the following year is primarily based on financial projections submitted by our subsidiaries in the fourth quarter of each year, together with inputs from our customer teams, and is subjected to in-depth reviews performed by various levels of management as part of our annual planning cycle. Upon completion of our 2015 annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, we determined that the recoverable amount of our assets and CGUs, other than our Japan and Spain CGUs, exceeded their respective carrying values and no impairment existed for such assets and CGUs as of December 31, 2015. Our CGUs in each of Japan and Spain incurred losses in 2015, primarily due to reduced customer demand and the challenging market conditions we experienced in these CGUs during the year. Primarily as a result of management's assessment of the continued negative impact of these factors on the profitability of these two CGUs, we reduced the future cash flow projections for these two CGUs in the fourth quarter of 2015, and recorded non-cash impairment charges totaling $12.2, comprised of $6.5 and $5.7, against the property, plant and equipment of our CGUs in Japan and Spain, respectively. After recording the impairment charges, the carrying value of the property, plant and equipment held by each such CGU was reduced to approximate the fair value of its real property at the end of 2015. No goodwill or intangible assets were attributable to either of these CGUs in 2015. In the fourth quarter of 2014, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment. We recorded non-cash impairment charges of $40.8 against the goodwill of our semiconductor business, primarily due to the reduction at that time of our long-term cash flow projections for this CGU as a result of volatility in customer demand, operational inefficiencies and commercial challenges associated with a particular customer, and the costs, terms, timing and challenges of ramping new sites and programs. In 2013, we recorded no impairment against goodwill, intangible assets or property, plant and equipment as the recoverable amounts exceeded their carrying amounts. We determined the recoverable amount of our CGUs based primarily on their expected value-in-use. The process of determining the recoverable amount of a CGU is subjective and requires management to exercise significant judgment in estimating future growth, profitability, and discount rates, among other factors. The assumptions used in our 2015 annual impairment assessment were determined based on past experiences adjusted for expected changes in future conditions. Where applicable, we engaged independent brokers to obtain market prices to estimate our real property values. For our 2015 assessment, we used cash flow projections ranging from 3 years to 10 years (2014 — 2 to 9 years; 2013 — 3 to 10 years) for our CGUs, in line with the remaining useful lives of the CGUs' essential assets. We generally used our weighted-average cost of capital of approximately 8% (2014 — approximately 10%; 2013 — approximately 12%) to discount our cash flows. For our semiconductor CGU, which is subject to heightened risk and volatilities (as a result of the factors discussed above), we applied a discount rate of 17% to our cash flow projections for this CGU (2014 and 2013 — 17%) to reflect management's assessment of increased risk inherent in these cash flows. Despite the decrease in our overall weighted-average cost of capital and new business awarded to this CGU in the past two years, we maintained the 17% discount rate for our 2015 annual analysis for the semiconductor CGU in recognition of the challenges faced by this CGU during such years. Our goodwill of $19.5 at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was entirely attributable to our semiconductor CGU. For purposes of our 2015 impairment assessment, we assumed revenue growth for our semiconductor CGU in future years at an average compound annual growth rate of 9% over an 8-year period (2014 — 10% over a 9-year period), representing the remaining life of the CGU's most significant customer contract. We believe that this growth rate is supported by the level of new business awarded in recent years, the expectation of future new business awards, and anticipated overall demand improvement in the semiconductor market based on certain market trend analyses published by external sources. We also assumed that the average annual margins for this F-34 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) CGU over the projection period will be slightly lower than our overall margin performance for the company in 2015, consistent with the average annual margins we assumed for our 2014 impairment analysis. As part of our annual impairment assessment, we perform sensitivity analyses for our semiconductor CGU in order to identify the impact of changes in key assumptions, including projected growth rates, profitability, and discount rates. For our 2015 annual impairment analysis, we did not identify any key assumptions where a reasonably possible change would result in material impairments to this CGU. Impairment assessments inherently involve judgment as to assumptions about expected future cash flows and the impact of market conditions on those assumptions. Future events and changing market conditions may impact our assumptions as to prices, costs or other factors that may result in changes in our estimates of future cash flows. Failure to realize the assumed revenues at an appropriate profit margin or failure to improve the financial results of a CGU could result in impairment losses in the CGU in future periods. (c) Pension obligation settlement loss: In August 2014, we liquidated the asset portfolio for the defined benefit component of a pension plan for certain Canadian employees, following which substantially all of the proceeds were used to purchase annuities from insurance companies for plan participants. The purchase of the annuities resulted in the insurance companies assuming responsibility for payment of the defined benefit pension benefits under the plan, and the employer substantially eliminating financial risk in respect of these obligations. The purchase of the annuities also resulted in a non-cash settlement loss of $6.4 which we recorded in other charges in our consolidated statement of operations in 2014. See note 18. (d) Other: In 2014, other was comprised primarily of recoveries of damages we received in connection with the settlement of class action lawsuits in which we were a plaintiff, relating to certain purchases we had made in prior periods. In July 2013, we received similar recoveries of damages in the amount of $24.0. 16. FINANCE COSTS: Our finance costs are comprised primarily of interest expenses and fees related to our Term Loan, the Revolving Facility and our accounts receivable sales program. 17. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS: Onex Corporation (Onex) beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, all of our outstanding multiple voting shares. Accordingly, Onex has the ability to exercise significant influence over our business and affairs and generally has the power to determine all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders where the subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares vote together as a single class. Mr. Gerald Schwartz, the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Onex, is also one of our directors, and holds, directly or indirectly, shares representing the majority of the voting rights of Onex. We had manufacturing and services agreements with two companies related to or under the control of Onex during 2013, and we recorded aggregate revenue of $10.8 from these two companies in that year. At December 31, 2013, we had no amounts due from either of these two companies. These contracts each terminated in 2013. All transactions with these related companies were executed in the normal course of operations and were recorded at the exchange amounts as agreed to by the parties based on arm's length terms. In January 2009, we entered into a Services Agreement with Onex for the services of Mr. Schwartz as a director of Celestica. The initial term of this agreement was one year and it automatically renews for successive one-year terms unless either party provides a notice of intent not to renew. Onex receives compensation under the Services Agreement in an amount equal to $0.2 per year, payable in DSUs in equal quarterly installments in arrears. F-35 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Sale agreement with respect to real property in Toronto: On July 23, 2015, we entered into an agreement of purchase and sale (the Property Sale Agreement) to sell our real property located in Toronto, Ontario, which includes the site of our corporate headquarters and our Toronto manufacturing operations, to a special purpose entity (the Property Purchaser) to be formed by a consortium of three real estate developers. If the transaction is completed, the purchase price will be approximately $137 million Canadian dollars ($98.5 at year-end exchange rates), exclusive of applicable taxes and subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Property Sale Agreement, including for certain density bonuses and other adjustments in accordance with usual commercial practice. Upon execution of the Property Sale Agreement, the Property Purchaser paid us a cash deposit of $15 million Canadian dollars ($11.2 at the then-prevailing exchange rate), which is non-refundable except in limited circumstances. Upon closing, which is subject to various conditions, including municipal approvals and is currently anticipated to occur within approximately two years from the execution date of the Property Sale Agreement, the Property Purchaser is to pay us an additional $53.5 million Canadian dollars in cash ($38.5 at year-end exchange rates). The balance of the purchase price is to be satisfied upon closing by an interest-free, first-ranking mortgage in the amount of $68.5 million Canadian dollars ($49.3 at year-end exchange rates) to be registered on title to the property and having a term of two years from the closing date. We have recorded the cash deposit in other non-current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet and as cash provided by investing activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows. As part of the Property Sale Agreement, we have agreed, upon closing, to enter into an interim lease for our existing corporate head office and manufacturing premises on a portion of the real estate for an initial two-year term on a rent-free basis (subject to certain payments including taxes and utilities), which is to be followed by a longer-term lease for Celestica's new corporate headquarters, on commercially reasonable arm's-length terms. There can be no assurance that this transaction will be completed within the expected time period or at all. Approximately 30% of the interests in the Property Purchaser are to be held by a privately-held company in which Mr. Schwartz, a controlling shareholder and director of Celestica, has a material interest. Mr. Schwartz also has a non-voting interest in an entity which is to have an approximate 25% interest in the Property Purchaser. Given the interest in the transaction by a related party, our board of directors formed a Special Committee, consisting solely of independent directors, which retained its own independent legal counsel, to review and supervise a competitive bidding process. The Special Committee, after considering, among other factors, that the purchase price for the property exceeded the valuation provided by an independent appraiser, determined that the Property Purchaser's transaction terms were in the best interests of Celestica. Our board of directors, at a meeting where Mr. Schwartz was not present, approved the transaction based on the unanimous recommendation of the Special Committee. Compensation of key management personnel: Our key management team consists of directors and senior executive officers. The aggregate compensation expenses we recognized under IFRS for our directors and key management team were as follows: Short-term employee benefits and costs Post-employment and other long-term benefits Stock-based compensation (including DSUs) F-36 Year ended December 31 2014 2013 $ $ 6.3 0.3 12.1 18.7 $ $ 5.9 0.5 12.1 18.5 $ $ 2015 6.8 0.5 16.6 23.9 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) 18. PENSION AND NON-PENSION POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT PLANS: (a) Plan summaries: We provide pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans for our employees. Some employees in Japan and the United Kingdom (U.K.) participate in defined benefit pension plans that generally provide participants with stated benefits on retirement based on their pensionable service, either as annuities and/or lump sum payments. Defined contribution pension plans are offered to certain employees, mainly in Canada and the U.S. We provide non-pension post-employment benefits (under other benefit plans) to retired and terminated employees in Canada, the U.S., Mexico and Thailand. These benefits may include one-time retirement and specified termination benefits, medical, surgical, hospitalization coverage, supplemental health, dental and/or group life insurance. Our largest defined benefit pension plan is a U.K plan, which is closed to new members. Approximately 1% of the plan members remain active employees of the Company. In August 2014, we liquidated the asset portfolio for the defined benefit component of a pension plan for certain Canadian employees, following which substantially all of the proceeds were used to purchase annuities from insurance companies for plan participants. The purchase of the annuities resulted in the insurance companies assuming responsibility for payment of the defined benefit pension benefits under the plan, and the employer substantially eliminating financial risk in respect of these obligations. We re-measured the pension assets and liabilities related to this pension plan immediately before the purchase of the annuities, and in the third quarter of 2014, recorded a net re-measurement actuarial gain of $2.3 in other comprehensive income that was subsequently reclassified to deficit in that same period. The purchase of the annuities also resulted in a non-cash settlement loss of $6.4 which we recorded in other charges in our consolidated statement of operations in the third quarter of 2014 (note 15(c)). For accounting purposes, on a gross-basis, we reduced the value of our pension assets by $149.8, and the value of our pension liabilities by $143.4 as of the date of the annuity purchase. The overall governance of our pension plans is conducted by our Global Compensation Committee which, through annual reviews, approves material plan changes, reviews funding levels, investment performance, compliance matters and plan assumptions, and ensures that the plans are administered in accordance with local statutory requirements. We have established a Pension Committee to govern our Canadian pension plans. The U.K. pension plans are governed by a Board of Trustees, composed of employee and company representation. Both the Canadian Pension Committee and the U.K. Board of Trustees review funding levels, investment performance and compliance matters for their respective plans. Our pension funding policy is to contribute amounts sufficient, at minimum, to meet local statutory funding requirements. For our defined benefit pension plans (primarily U.K.), local regulatory bodies either define the minimum funding requirement or approve the funding plans submitted by us. We may make additional discretionary contributions taking into account actuarial assessments and other factors. The contributions that we make to support ongoing plan obligations are recorded in the respective asset or liability accounts on our consolidated balance sheet. Our largest defined benefit pension plan (which is a U.K. plan) requires that an actuarial valuation be completed every three years. The actuarial valuation was completed using a measurement date of April 2013; the next valuation will have a measurement date of April 2016. We currently fund our non-pension post-employment benefit plans as we incur benefit payment obligations thereunder. Excluding our mandatory plans, the most recent actuarial valuations for our largest non-pension post-employment benefit plans were completed using measurement dates of May 2013 (Canada) and January 2014 (U.S.). The next actuarial valuations for these plans will have measurement dates of May 2016 and January 2016, respectively. We accrue the expected costs of providing non-pension post-employment benefits during the periods in which the employees render service. F-37 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) We used a measurement date of December 31, 2015 for the accounting valuation for pension and non-pension post-employment benefits. Our pension plans are exposed to market risks such as changes in interest rates, inflation, and fluctuations in investment values, as well as financial risks including counterparty risks of financial institutions from which annuities have been purchased for the defined benefit component of a pension plan for certain Canadian employees. See note 20(c). Our plans are also exposed to non-financial risks, including the membership's mortality and demographic changes, as well as regulatory changes. We manage the funding level risk of defined benefit pension plans through our asset allocation strategy for each plan. In the U.K., we follow an active de-risking strategy and allocate a higher level of the plan assets to debt instruments if the funding level of the plan improves. Pension fund assets are invested primarily in fixed income and equity securities. Asset allocation between fixed income and equity securities is adjusted based on the expected life of the plan and the expected retirement dates of the plan participants. Currently, the weighted average asset allocation across all plans targets for 65% to 73% (2014 — 64% to 71%) investment in fixed income securities, 25% to 33% (2014 — 25% to 32%) investment in equities through mutual funds, and 2% to 3% (2014 — 3% to 4%) in other investments. Our pension funds do not invest directly in our shares, but may invest indirectly as a result of the inclusion of our shares in certain investment funds. All of our plan assets are measured at their fair value using inputs described in the fair value hierarchy in note 20. At December 31, 2015, $339.7 (December 31, 2014 — $376.5) of our plan assets were measured using level 1 inputs of the fair value hierarchy and $25.6 (December 31, 2014 — $16.8) of our plan assets were measured using level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy. More than 98% of the plan assets are held with financial institutions with a Standard and Poor's long-term rating of A- or above at December 31, 2015. The remaining assets are held with financial institutions where ratings are not available. For these institutions, Celestica monitors counterparty risk based on the diversification of plan assets. These plan assets are maintained in segregated accounts by a custodian that is independent from the fund managers. We believe that the counterparty risk is low. Plan assets are measured at their fair values; however, the amounts we can record for defined benefit plan assets may be restricted under IFRS. See note 2(n) for a description of this restriction. Based on a review of the terms, conditions, and statutory minimum funding requirements of our defined benefit plans, we have determined that the present value of future pension refunds or reductions in future contributions of our pension plans exceeds the total of the fair value of plan assets net of the present value of related obligations. This determination was made on a plan-by-plan basis. As a result of our assessment, there were no reductions to the amounts we recorded for defined benefit plan assets as at December 31, 2015 or 2014. (b) Plan financials: The table below presents the market value of plan assets: Quoted market prices: Debt investment funds Equity investment funds Non-quoted market prices: Other investment funds Other Total Fair Market Value at December 31 Actual Asset Allocation (%) at December 31 2014 2015 2014 2015 $ $ 280.5 81.4 16.8 14.6 393.3 $ $ 267.5 63.9 25.6 8.3 365.3 71% 21% 4% 4% 100% 73% 18% 7% 2% 100% F-38 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) The following tables provide a summary of the financial position of our pension and other benefit plans: Plan assets, beginning of year Interest income Actuarial gains (losses) in other comprehensive income (actual return on plan assets less interest income above) Administrative expenses paid from plan assets Employer contributions Employer direct benefit payments Settlement payments from plan (note 18(a)) Benefit payments from plan Benefit payments from employer Foreign currency exchange rate changes and other Plan assets, end of year $ Pension Plans Year ended December 31 Other Benefit Plans Year ended December 31 2014 2015 $ 483.5 19.6 $ 393.3 14.1 2014 $ — — 2015 $ — — 74.5 (0.7) 16.3 0.2 (149.8) (19.4) (0.2) (30.7) 393.3 $ (12.9) (1.1) 14.0 0.9 (6.8) (11.7) (0.9) (23.6) 365.3 — — — 3.1 — — (3.1) — $ — — — — 2.3 — — (2.3) — $ — Accrued benefit obligations, beginning of year Current service cost Past service cost and settlement/curtailment losses (note 18(a)) Interest cost Actuarial losses (gains) in other comprehensive income from: — Changes in demographic assumptions — Changes in financial assumptions — Experience adjustments Settlement payments from plan (note 18(a)) Benefit payments from plan Benefit payments from employer Foreign currency exchange rate changes Accrued benefit obligations, end of year Weighted average duration of benefit obligations (in years) $ F-39 Pension Plans Year ended December 31 Other Benefit Plans Year ended December 31 2014 2015 2014 2015 $ 468.9 2.8 $ 354.3 1.7 $ $ 68.3 1.9 6.4 18.6 1.0 12.5 — 3.2 73.1 2.0 0.1 2.6 (1.0) 56.4 (0.6) (149.8) (19.4) (0.2) (27.8) 354.3 19 $ 3.8 (7.8) 0.1 (6.8) (11.7) (0.9) (19.3) 326.9 19 (0.9) 9.3 (0.4) — — (3.1) (5.2) 73.1 15 $ 0.1 (2.3) 0.2 — — (2.3) (10.8) 62.7 14 $ CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) The present value of the defined benefit obligations, the fair value of plan assets and the surplus or deficit in our defined benefit pension and other benefit plans are summarized as follows: Accrued benefit obligations, end of year Plan assets, end of year Excess (deficiency) of plan assets over accrued benefit obligations $ $ Pension Plans December 31 Other Benefit Plans December 31 2014 2015 2014 2015 (354.3) 393.3 $ (326.9) 365.3 $ (73.1) — $ (62.7) — 39.0 $ 38.4 $ (73.1) $ (62.7) The following table outlines the plan balances as reported on our consolidated balance sheet: Pension and non-pension post-employment benefit obligations Non-current net pension assets (note 9) Current pension assets(i) December 31 2014 Other Benefit Plans Pension Plans Total Pension Plans December 31 2015 Other Benefit Plans $ $ (26.1) 60.3 4.8 39.0 $ $ — — (73.1) $ (73.1) $ (99.2) 60.3 4.8 (34.1) $ $ (20.5) 58.2 0.7 38.4 $ $ — — (62.7) $ (62.7) $ Total (83.2) 58.2 0.7 (24.3) (i) The excess of the proceeds from the sale of the plan assets, after the purchase of the annuities for a particular Canadian pension plan (described in note 18(a)), is permitted to be used to fund future defined contribution obligations in Canada. The portion related to contributions for 2015 was reclassified to current pension assets as of December 31, 2014. At December 31, 2015, $0.7 remains available to fund our defined contribution obligations for 2016. See note 18(c) below for contributions made during the year. The following table outlines the net expense recognized in our consolidated statement of operations for pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans: Current service cost Net interest cost (income) Past service cost and settlement/curtailment losses Plan administrative expenses and other Defined contribution pension plan expense (note 18(c)) Total expense for the year Pension Plans Year ended December 31 2014 2013 Other Benefit Plans Year ended December 31 2014 2015 2015 2013 $ $ 2.9 (1.0) $ 2.8 (1.0) $ 1.7 (1.6) 2.4 3.3 $ 1.9 3.2 $ 2.0 2.6 0.1 1.4 3.4 6.4 0.8 9.0 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.6 — 7.3 — — 5.1 0.1 — 4.7 9.7 13.1 $ 9.3 18.3 $ 10.4 12.6 — 7.3 $ — 5.1 $ — 4.7 $ $ We generally record the expenses for pension plans and non-pension post-employment benefits in cost of sales and SG&A expenses depending on the nature of the expenses. Our settlement loss in 2014 of $6.4 in pension plans arose as a result of annuity purchases for a particular Canadian pension plan during 2014. See note 15(c). F-40 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) The following table outlines the actuarial gains and losses, net of tax, recognized in OCI and reclassified directly to deficit: Cumulative actuarial losses, beginning of year Actuarial losses (gains) recognized during the year(i) Cumulative actuarial losses, end of year(ii) Year ended December 31 2014 2013 2015 $ $ 25.5 (7.6) 17.9 $ $ 17.9 (11.9) 6.0 $ $ 6.0 7.0 13.0 (i) Net of income tax recovery of nil for 2015 (2014 — $0.2 income tax recovery; 2013 — $0.6 income tax recovery). (ii) Net of income tax recovery of $2.1 as at December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 — $2.1 income tax recovery; December 31, 2013 — $1.9 income tax recovery). The following percentages and assumptions were used in measuring the plans for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015: Pension Plans 2014 2013 2015 2013 Other Benefit Plans 2014 2015 Weighted average discount rate at December 31 (i) for: Benefit obligations Net pension cost Weighted average rate of compensation increase for: Benefit obligations Net pension cost Healthcare cost trend rates: 4.6 4.3 3.7 3.4 3.7 4.6 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 Immediate trend Ultimate trend Year the ultimate trend rate is expected to be — — — — — — 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.4 6.7 4.5 3.9 4.9 4.6 4.6 6.2 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.6 4.6 6.2 4.5 achieved — — — 2030 2030 2030 (i) The weighted average discount rate is determined using publicly available rates for highly-rated bonds for each country where there is a pension or non-pension benefit plan. A lower discount rate would increase the present value of the benefit obligation. Management applied significant judgment in determining these assumptions. We evaluate these assumptions on a regular basis taking into consideration current market conditions and historical market data. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions. For purposes of measuring our Canadian pension plans for the year ended December 31, 2014, we adopted the 2014 final report of Canadian pensioners mortality tables and improvement scales prepared by the Canadian Institute of Actuaries. The impact of adopting the final report issued in February 2014 compared to the draft tables and scales which we adopted in 2013 was not significant on the measurement of these pension plans. For purposes of measuring our U.S. pension plans for the year ended December 31, 2014, we adopted the final report of RP-2014 mortality tables prepared by the Society of Actuaries. The updated mortality tables resulted, in the aggregate, in a small actuarial gain on the measurement of these pension plans. F-41 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) A one percentage-point increase or decrease to one of the following actuarial assumptions, holding other assumptions constant in each case, would increase (decrease) our benefit obligations as follows: Discount rate Healthcare cost trend rate Pension Plans Year ended December 31, 2015 Other Benefit Plans Year ended December 31, 2015 1% Increase 1% Decrease 1% Increase 1% Decrease $ $ (53.1) — $ $ 69.7 $ $ — (7.7) 7.9 $ $ 9.6 (6.4) The sensitivity figures shown above were calculated by determining the change in the obligation as at December 31, 2015 due to a 100 basis point increase or decrease to each of our significant actuarial assumptions used, primarily the discount rate and healthcare cost trend rate, in isolation, leaving all other assumptions unchanged from the original calculation. (c) Plan contributions: In 2015, we made contributions to the pension plans of $25.3 (2014 — $25.8) of which $10.4 (2014 — $9.3) was for defined contribution plans and $14.9 (2014 — $16.5) was for defined benefit plans. A portion of the contributions for our defined contribution plans in 2015 was funded from the excess proceeds on the liquidation of one of our Canadian pension plans in 2014. See note 18(a) above. We may, from time-to-time, make voluntary contributions to the pension plans. In 2015, we made aggregate contributions to the non-pension post-employment benefit plans of $2.3 (2014 — $3.1) to fund benefit payments. We currently estimate that our 2016 contributions will be $13.0 for defined benefit pension plans, $10.4 for defined contribution pension plans, and $2.9 for our non-pension post-employment benefit plans. Our actual contributions could differ materially from these estimates. 19. INCOME TAXES: Current income tax expense (recovery): Current year Adjustments for prior years, including changes to net provisions related to tax uncertainties Deferred income tax expense (recovery): Origination and reversal of temporary differences(i) Changes in previously unrecognized tax losses and deductible temporary differences, including adjustments for prior years(i) Income tax expense F-42 Year ended December 31 2014 2013 2015 $ 28.8 $ 25.3 $ 40.5 (11.9) 16.9 (15.6) 9.7 (10.7) 89.7 6.5 (4.2) 12.7 $ (83.0) 6.7 16.4 $ $ (1.8) 38.7 2.3 1.2 3.5 42.2 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) A reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the statutory income tax rate to the income tax expense at the effective tax rate is as follows: Earnings before income taxes Income tax expense at Celestica's statutory income tax rate of 26.5% (2014 and 2013 — 26.5%) Impact on income taxes from: Manufacturing and processing deduction Foreign income taxed at different rates(i) Foreign exchange Goodwill impairment Other, including non-taxable/non-deductible items and changes to net provisions related to tax uncertainties Change in unrecognized tax losses and deductible temporary differences(i) Income tax expense 2013 130.7 34.7 $ $ (0.6) (17.9) (27.6) — (41.6) 65.7 Year ended December 31 2014 $ $ 124.6 33.0 (0.6) 75.6 (11.7) 13.4 (10.5) (82.8) 2015 109.1 28.9 $ $ (0.6) (19.9) 3.4 — 15.1 15.3 $ 12.7 $ 16.4 $ 42.2 (i) These line items for 2014 in the two tables above were impacted by an internal loan reorganization which we completed during 2014, whereby certain inter-company loans were forgiven. There was no net impact to our consolidated deferred tax provisions for 2014. Our effective tax rate can vary significantly period-to-period for various reasons, including the mix and volume of business in lower tax jurisdictions, in jurisdictions with tax holidays and tax incentives, and in jurisdictions for which no deferred income tax assets have been recognized because management believed it was not probable that future taxable profit would be available against which tax losses and deductible temporary differences could be utilized. Our effective tax rate can also vary due to the impact of restructuring charges, foreign exchange fluctuations, operating losses, and changes in our provisions related to tax uncertainties. During 2015, we recorded a net income tax expense of $42.2 which was negatively impacted by taxable foreign exchange impacts arising from the weakening of the Malaysian ringgit and Chinese renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar (our functional currency), which resulted in a net income tax expense of $12.2 for 2015. Of the $12.2 net income tax expense attributable to taxable foreign exchange impacts for 2015, $4.5 were deferred tax costs primarily related to the revaluation of non-monetary balances (primarily capital assets and inventory on-hand) from historical average exchange rates to the current period-end exchange rates, while the remaining $7.7 were primarily cash costs resulting from increased local currency taxable profits that arose as a result of translating our U.S. dollar functional currency results to local currency for Chinese and Malaysian tax reporting purposes. There was no net tax impact associated with the $12.2 non-cash impairment charge we recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015. See note 15(b). During 2014, we recorded an income tax benefit of $14.1 related to the recognition of previously unrecognized tax incentives in Malaysia (discussed below). There was no tax impact associated with the $40.8 goodwill impairment charge we recorded in the fourth quarter of 2014. See note 15(b). During 2013, we recorded net income tax recoveries of $9.8 arising from net changes to our provisions for certain tax uncertainties. F-43 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities for the periods indicated are as follows: Unrealized foreign exchange gains Accounting provisions not currently deductible Pensions and non-pension post-retirement benefits Tax losses carried forward Property, plant and equipment and intangibles $ $ $ $ 3.9 (3.9) $ $ 105.4 (36.6) (9.4) 59.4 (21.4) (7.4) — — — — — — — — — — — — — $ 30.6 $ $ 6.9 (5.3) (0.3) 7.9 9.2 2.7 (1.1) 10.8 $ $ $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $ $ $ 1.2 (0.5) (0.2) 23.6 24.1 0.1 (0.1) 24.1 $ 96.3 (25.2) — (9.4) 15.0 76.7 (21.5) — (7.4) — 47.8 — — — — — — — — — — — $ $ $ 18.1 (9.0) (9.1) 6.7 0.8 7.5 2.6 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — $ 10.4 Other $ 8.8 6.3 0.9 (0.5) 9.8 25.3 (3.4) (0.2) (0.9) — 20.8 $ $ — — — — — — — — — — $ — $ $ $ $ Reclassification between deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities(i) — — — — — — — — — — — — (88.7) $ 14.8 (73.9) 34.6 (39.3) $ (88.7) $ 14.8 (73.9) 34.6 (39.3) $ Total 45.3 (37.1) 0.9 (10.2) 38.4 37.3 (22.2) (0.2) (9.4) 34.6 40.1 17.9 (30.4) (0.2) (8.6) 38.4 17.1 (18.7) (0.1) (7.1) 34.6 25.8 Deferred tax assets: Balance — January 1, 2014 Credited (charged) to net earnings Credited (charged) directly to equity Effects of foreign exchange Other Balance — December 31, 2014 Credited (charged) to net earnings Credited (charged) directly to equity Effects of foreign exchange Other Balance — December 31, 2015 Deferred tax liabilities: Balance — January 1, 2014 Charged (credited) to net earnings Charged (credited) directly to equity Effects of foreign exchange Other Balance — December 31, 2014 Charged (credited) to net earnings Charged (credited) directly to equity Effects of foreign exchange Other Balance — December 31, 2015 (i) This reclassification reflects the offsetting of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities to the extent they relate to the same taxing authorities and there is a legally enforceable right to such offset. The amount of deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses for which no deferred tax assets have been recognized at December 31, 2015 is $1,716.8 (December 31, 2014 — $1,940.8). We have not recognized deferred tax assets in respect of these items because, based on management's estimates, it is not probable that future taxable profit will be available against which we can utilize the benefits. A portion of these tax losses expires between 2017 and 2035 and a portion can be carried forward indefinitely to offset taxable profits. The deductible temporary differences do not expire under current tax legislation. The aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries for which we have not recognized deferred tax liabilities is $0.8 (December 31, 2014 — $1.3). We have not recorded any deferred tax assets related to tax losses realized in the current or prior year for any of our subsidiaries. We recognize deferred tax assets based on our estimate of the future taxable profit we expect our subsidiaries to achieve based on our review of financial projections. F-44 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Certain countries in which we do business grant tax incentives to attract or retain our business. Our tax expense could increase significantly if certain tax incentives from which we benefit are retracted. A retraction could occur if we fail to satisfy the conditions on which these tax incentives are based, or if they are not renewed or replaced upon expiration. Our tax expense could also increase if tax rates applicable to us in such jurisdictions are otherwise increased, or due to changes in legislation or administrative practices. Changes in our outlook in any particular country could impact our ability to meet the required conditions. Our tax incentives currently consist of tax holidays for the profits of our Thailand and Laos subsidiaries, as well as tax incentives for dividend withholding taxes for these subsidiaries. These tax incentives are subject to certain conditions with which we intend to comply, and expire between 2019 and 2028. We were granted tax incentives for our Malaysian subsidiaries from 2010 to 2014, however, we did not benefit from any Malaysian tax incentives for 2015 (see discussion below). The aggregate tax benefit arising from all of our tax incentives was approximately $11.6 or $0.07 per diluted share for 2015, $45.6 or $0.25 per diluted share for 2014, and $19.8 or $0.11 per diluted share for 2013. Our Malaysian income tax incentives expired as of the end of 2014, and certain Thailand income tax incentives transitioned from a full tax exemption to a partial tax exemption during the third quarter of 2015. While negotiations for Malaysian incentives are ongoing, we currently expect to be granted new pioneer incentives for only limited portions of our Malaysian business. As a result, we recorded Malaysian income taxes at full statutory tax rates in 2015. As we continue to negotiate tax incentives with Malaysian authorities, including the activities covered, exemption levels, incentive conditions or commitments, and the effective commencement date of the incentive, we are currently unable to quantify the benefits or applicable periods of any such incentives, and there can be no assurance that any such incentives will be granted. We have multiple income tax incentives in Thailand with varying exemption periods. These incentives initially allow for a 100% income tax exemption and after a certain number of years will transition to a 50% income tax exemption. Upon expiry of each of the incentives, taxable profits associated with such expired tax incentives become fully taxable. During the third quarter of 2015, one of our Thailand income tax incentives transitioned to the 50% income tax exemption phase. Had this transition occurred on January 1, 2015, the current tax expense for 2015 on profits related to this incentive would have been approximately $3. Our current Thailand tax incentives expire between 2019 and 2028. During the first quarter of 2014, Malaysian investment authorities approved our request to revise certain required conditions related to income tax incentives for one of our Malaysian subsidiaries. The benefits of these tax incentives were not previously recognized, as prior to this revision we had not anticipated meeting the required conditions. As a result of this approval, we recognized an income tax benefit of $14.1 in the first quarter of 2014 relating to years 2010 through 2013. See note 23 regarding income tax contingencies. 20. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT: Our financial assets are comprised primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, outstanding cash advances receivable and derivatives used for hedging purposes. Our financial liabilities are comprised primarily of accounts payable, certain accrued and other liabilities and provisions, the Term Loan, borrowings under the Revolving Facility, and derivatives. We record the majority of our financial liabilities at amortized cost except for derivative liabilities, which we measure at fair value. We classify our term deposits as held-to-maturity. We record our short-term investments in money market funds at fair value, with changes recognized in our consolidated statement of operations. We classify the financial assets and liabilities that we measure at fair value based on the inputs used to determine fair value at the measurement date. There have been no significant changes to the source of our inputs since December 31, 2014. F-45 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of the following: Cash Cash equivalents December 31 2014 2015 $ $ 397.2 167.8 565.0 $ $ 476.1 69.2 545.3 Our current portfolio consists of bank deposits and certain money market funds that primarily hold U.S. government securities. The majority of our cash and cash equivalents is held with financial institutions each of which had at December 31, 2015 a Standard and Poor's short-term rating of A-1 or above. Financial risk management objectives: We have exposures to a variety of financial risks through our operations. We regularly monitor these risks and have established policies and business practices to mitigate the adverse effects of these potential exposures. We have used derivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency forward contracts, to reduce the effects of some of these risks. We do not enter into or trade financial instruments, including derivative financial instruments, for speculative purposes. (a) Currency risk: Due to the global nature of our operations, we are exposed to exchange rate fluctuations on our financial instruments denominated in various currencies. The majority of our currency risk is driven by operational costs, including income tax expense, incurred in local currencies by our subsidiaries. Although our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, currency risk on our income tax expense arises as we are generally required to file our tax returns in the local currency for each particular country in which we have operations. We attempt to mitigate currency risk through a hedging program using forecasts of our anticipated future cash flows and balance sheet exposures denominated in foreign currencies. While our hedging program is designed to mitigate currency risk vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar, we remain subject to taxable foreign exchange impacts in our translated local currency financial results relevant for tax reporting purposes. Our major currency exposures at December 31, 2015 are summarized in U.S. dollar equivalents in the following table. We have included in this table only those items that we classify as financial assets or liabilities and which were denominated in non-functional currencies. In accordance with the IFRS financial instruments standard, we have excluded items such as pension and non-pension post-employment benefits and income taxes from the table below. The local currency amounts have been converted to U.S. dollar equivalents using spot rates at December 31, 2015. Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable and other financial assets Accounts payable and certain accrued and other liabilities and provisions Net financial assets (liabilities) $ $ 4.0 1.1 (34.7) (29.6) $ $ 5.5 27.3 (15.1) 17.7 $ $ 1.0 0.2 (14.8) (13.6) Canadian dollar Euro Thai baht F-46 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Foreign currency risk sensitivity analysis: The financial impact of a one-percentage point strengthening or weakening of the following currencies against the U.S. dollar for our financial instruments denominated in such non-functional currencies is summarized in the following table as at December 31, 2015. The financial instruments impacted by a change in exchange rates include our exposures to the above financial assets or liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies and our foreign exchange forward contracts. 1% Strengthening Net earnings Other comprehensive income 1% Weakening Net earnings Other comprehensive income (b) Interest rate risk: Canadian dollar Euro Increase (decrease) Thai baht $ $ 1.2 1.2 (1.2) (1.1) $ (0.2) 0.1 0.2 (0.1) 0.1 0.7 (0.1) (0.7) We amended our credit facility in May 2015 to add the Term Loan and to extend the maturity of the entire facility to May 2020. Borrowings under the Term Loan and Revolving Facility bear interest for the term of the outstanding loan or the period of the draw, respectively, at specified rates plus specified margins (see note 11). Our borrowings under this facility, which at December 31, 2015 totalled $262.5 (December 31, 2014 — no amounts outstanding), expose us to interest rate risk due to potential increases to the specified rates and margins. A one-percentage point increase in these rates would increase interest expense, based on outstanding borrowings of $262.5 at December 31, 2015, by $2.6 annually. (c) Credit risk: Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty may default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to us. We believe the credit risk of counterparty non-performance is low. With respect to our financial market activities, we have adopted a policy of dealing only with credit-worthy counterparties to help mitigate the risk of financial loss from defaults. We monitor the credit risk of the counterparties with whom we conduct business, through a combined process of credit rating reviews and portfolio reviews. To attempt to mitigate the risk of financial loss from defaults under our foreign currency forward exchange contracts, our contracts are held by counterparty financial institutions, each of which had a Standard and Poor's rating of A-2 or above at December 31, 2015. In addition, we maintain cash and short-term investments in highly-rated investments or on deposit with major financial institutions. Each financial institution with which we have our accounts receivable sales program had a Standard and Poor's short-term rating of A-2 or above and a long-term rating of BBB+ or above at December 31, 2015. Each financial institution from which annuities have been purchased for the defined benefit component of a pension plan for certain Canadian employees in 2014 (discussed in note 18) had an A.M. Best or Standard and Poor's long-term rating of A or above at December 31, 2015. We also provide unsecured credit to our customers in the normal course of business. Exposures that potentially subject us to credit risk include our accounts receivable, inventory on hand, and non-cancelable purchase orders in support of customer demand. We attempt to mitigate this risk by monitoring our customers' financial condition and performing ongoing credit evaluations as appropriate. In certain instances, we may obtain letters of credit or other forms of security from our customers. We consider credit risk in determining our estimates of reserves for potential credit losses. The carrying amount of financial assets recorded in the F-47 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) consolidated financial statements, net of any allowances or reserves for losses, represents our estimate of maximum exposure to credit risk. At December 31, 2015, less than 1% of our gross accounts receivable are over 90 days past due. Accounts receivable are net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $3.1 at December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 — $2.5). (d) Liquidity risk: Liquidity risk is the risk that we may not have cash available to satisfy our financial obligations as they come due. The majority of our financial liabilities recorded in accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and provisions are due within 90 days. We manage liquidity risk by maintaining a portfolio of liquid funds and investments and having access to a revolving credit facility, intraday and overnight bank overdraft facilities and an accounts receivable sales program. Since our accounts receivable sales program is conducted on an uncommitted basis, there can be no assurance that any participant bank will purchase all the accounts receivable that we wish to sell under this program. However, we believe that cash flow from operating activities, together with cash on hand, cash from the sale of accounts receivable, and borrowings available under the Revolving Facility and intraday and overnight bank overdraft facilities are sufficient to fund our currently anticipated financial obligations. Fair values: We used the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments: The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and provisions, and borrowings under the Revolving Facility approximate the fair values of these financial instruments due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Term Loan approximates its fair value as it bears interest at a variable market rate. The carrying value of the outstanding cash advances receivable from the Solar Supplier approximates their fair value due to their relatively short term to maturity. The fair values of foreign currency contracts are estimated using generally accepted valuation models based on a discounted cash flow analysis with inputs of observable market data, including currency rates and discount factors. Discount factors are adjusted by our own credit risk or the credit risk of the counterparty, depending on whether the fair values are in liability or asset positions, respectively. Fair value measurements: In the table below, we have segregated our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, based on the inputs used to determine fair value at the measurement date. The three levels within the fair value hierarchy, based on the reliability of inputs, are as follows: level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly (i.e. prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and level 3 inputs are inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data ( i.e. unobservable inputs). F-48 (cid:127) (cid:127) (cid:127) CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) Level 1 December 31, 2014 Level 2 Total Level 1 December 31, 2015 Level 2 Total Assets: Cash equivalents (money market funds) $ 47.7 $ — $ 47.7 $ 36.3 $ — $ 36.3 Derivatives — foreign currency forward contracts Liabilities: Derivatives — foreign currency — 47.7 $ $ 3.6 3.6 $ 3.6 51.3 — 36.3 $ $ 2.8 2.8 $ 2.8 39.1 forward contracts $ — $ (18.6) $ (18.6) $ — $ (26.8) $ (26.8) See note 18 for the input levels used to measure the fair value of our pension assets. Money market funds are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of identical instruments. Foreign currency forward contracts are valued using an income approach, by comparing the current quoted market forward rates to our contract rates and discounting the values with appropriate market observable credit risk adjusted rates. We have not valued any of our financial instruments using level 3 (unobservable) inputs. There were no transfers of fair value measurements between level 1 and level 2 of the fair value hierarchy in 2015 or 2014. Derivatives and hedging activities: We enter into foreign currency contracts to hedge foreign currency risks relating to cash flow and balance sheet exposures. At December 31, 2015, we had forward exchange contracts to trade U.S. dollars in exchange for the following currencies: Currency Canadian dollar Thai baht Malaysian ringgit Mexican peso British pound Chinese renminbi Euro Romanian leu Singapore dollar Other Total Contract amount of U.S. dollars Weighted average exchange rate in U.S. dollars Maximum period in months Fair value gain/(loss) $ $ $ 279.6 98.4 73.7 27.6 129.0 74.6 52.9 14.7 21.2 5.0 776.7 0.76 0.03 0.25 0.06 1.50 0.15 1.11 0.25 0.72 14 12 12 14 4 12 12 12 12 4 $ (13.7) (4.4) (4.1) (1.4) 1.3 (1.0) 0.3 (0.5) (0.5) — $ (24.0) At December 31, 2015, the fair value of these outstanding contracts was a net unrealized loss of $24.0 (December 31, 2014 — net unrealized loss of $15.0). Changes in the fair value of hedging derivatives to which we apply cash flow hedge accounting, to the extent effective, are deferred in OCI until the expenses or items being hedged are recognized in our consolidated statement of operations. Any hedge ineffectiveness, which at December 31, 2015 was not significant, is recognized immediately in our consolidated statement of operations. At December 31, 2015, we recorded $2.8 of derivative assets in other current assets and $26.8 of derivative liabilities in accrued and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities (December 31, 2014 — $3.6 of derivative assets in other current assets and $18.6 of derivative liabilities in accrued and other current liabilities F-49 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) and other non-current liabilities). The unrealized gains or losses are a result of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between the date the currency forward contracts were entered into and the valuation date at period end. We have not designated certain forward contracts to trade U.S. dollars as hedges, most significantly certain Canadian dollar and British pound sterling contracts, and have marked these contracts to market each period in our consolidated statement of operations. 21. CAPITAL DISCLOSURES: Our main objectives in managing our capital resources are to ensure liquidity and to have funds available for working capital or other investments we determine are required to grow our business. Our capital resources consist of cash, short-term investments, access to a revolving credit facility, intraday and overnight bank overdraft facilities, an accounts receivable sales program and capital stock. We regularly review our borrowing capacity and make adjustments, as permitted, for changes in economic conditions and changes in our requirements. In 2015, we amended our $300.0 revolving credit facility (which was scheduled to mature in October 2018) to add the Term Loan to fund a portion of our share repurchases under the SIB, and to extend the maturity of the entire facility to May 2020. The Revolving Facility has an accordion feature that allows us to increase the $300.0 limit by an additional $150.0 on an uncommitted basis upon satisfaction of certain terms and conditions. The Revolving Facility also includes a $25.0 swing line, subject to the overall credit limit, that provides for short-term borrowings up to a maximum of seven days. See note 11. We also have access to $70.0 in intraday and overnight bank overdraft facilities, and we may sell up to $250.0 in accounts receivable on an uncommitted basis under an accounts receivable sales program to provide short-term liquidity. At December 31, 2015, $50.0 of our accounts receivable were sold under our accounts receivable sales program and we had $25.0 outstanding under the Revolving Facility. At December 31, 2015, we also had $27.2 outstanding in letters of credit under the Revolving Facility. We are required to comply with certain restrictive covenants in respect of our credit facility, including those relating to the incurrence of senior ranking indebtedness, the sale of assets, a change of control, and certain financial covenants relating to indebtedness and interest coverage. Certain of our assets are pledged as security for borrowing under this facility. We closely monitor our business performance to evaluate compliance with our restrictive and financial covenants. We were in compliance with all restrictive and financial covenants under our credit facility as of December 31, 2015. We continue to monitor and review the most cost-effective methods of raising capital, taking into account these restrictions and covenants. The term of our accounts receivable sales program has been annually extended by amendment for additional one-year periods (and is currently extendable to November 2017 under specified circumstances), but may be terminated earlier as provided in the agreement governing the program. See note 4. In addition, since our accounts receivable sales program is on an uncommitted basis, there can be no assurance that any participant bank will purchase the accounts receivable we intend to sell to it under this program. The timing and amounts we may borrow and repay under these facilities can vary significantly from month-to-month depending on our working capital and other cash requirements. We commenced an NCIB in each of 2013 and 2014, pursuant to which we repurchased and cancelled 4.1 million, 8.5 million, and 6.1 million subordinate voting shares in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. In 2015, we also completed the SIB pursuant to which we repurchased and cancelled 26.3 million subordinate voting shares. See note 12. In addition, we have purchased subordinate voting shares from time-to-time in the open market through a trustee for delivery under our stock-based compensation plans. We have not distributed, nor do we have any current plan to distribute, any dividends to our shareholders. Our strategy on capital risk management has not changed significantly since the end of 2014. Other than the restrictive and financial covenants associated with our credit facility noted above, we are not subject to any contractual or regulatory capital requirements. While some of our international operations are subject to government restrictions on the flow of capital into and out of their jurisdictions, these restrictions have not had a material impact on our operations or cash flows. F-50 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) 22. WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES DILUTED (in millions): Weighted average number of shares (basic) Dilutive effect of outstanding awards under stock-based compensation plans Weighted average number of shares (diluted) 2013 183.4 2.0 185.4 2014 178.4 2.0 180.4 2015 155.8 2.1 157.9 For the year ended December 31, 2015, we excluded 0.1 million of stock-based awards (year ended December 31, 2014 — 0.3 million; year ended December 31, 2013 — 2.8 million) from the diluted weighted average per share calculation as they were out-of-the-money. References to shares in this note 22 are to our subordinate voting shares and our multiple voting shares taken collectively. 23. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES: At December 31, 2015, we have future minimum lease payments as follows: Operating Leases Finance Leases 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments Less: amount representing interest Present value of future minimum lease payments (note 11) Less: current portion of finance lease obligations Long-term portion of finance lease obligations $ 25.6 22.0 15.4 10.0 5.2 7.5 $ 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 2.4 — 20.7 $ (1.7) 19.0 4.1 14.9 $ $ Our operating lease commitments primarily relate to premises, and our finance lease commitments relate to equipment acquired for our solar operations in Asia (see notes 3 and 11). As at December 31, 2015, we had committed $32.3 for capital expenditures, principally for machinery and equipment to support new customer programs. We have contingent liabilities in the form of letters of credit, letters of guarantee and surety bonds which we have provided to various third parties. The foregoing, which are all guarantees, cover various payments, including customs and excise taxes, utility commitments and certain bank guarantees. At December 31, 2015, these guarantees amounted to $35.7 (December 31, 2014 — $38.5), including $27.2 (December 31, 2014 — $28.5) of letters of credit outstanding under the Revolving Facility. We are also required to make contributions under our pension and non-pension post-employment benefit plans (see note 18), and quarterly mandatory principal repayments under the Term Loan (see note 11). See note 20 for our obligations under the foreign exchange contracts we held at December 31, 2015. In addition to the above guarantees, we provide routine indemnifications, the terms of which range in duration and often are not explicitly defined. These may include indemnifications against third-party intellectual F-51 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) property infringement claims and certain third-party negligence claims for property damage. We have also provided indemnifications in connection with the sale of certain businesses and real property. The maximum potential liability from these indemnifications cannot be reasonably estimated. In some cases, we have recourse against other parties to mitigate our risk of loss from these indemnifications. Historically, we have not made significant payments relating to these types of indemnifications. Litigation: In the normal course of our operations, we may be subject to lawsuits, investigations and other claims, including environmental, labor, product, customer disputes and other matters. Management believes that adequate provisions have been recorded in the accounts where required. Although it is not always possible to estimate the extent of potential costs, if any, management believes that the ultimate resolution of all such pending matters will not have a material adverse impact on our financial performance, financial position or liquidity. In 2007, securities class action lawsuits were commenced against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by certain individuals, on behalf of themselves and other unnamed purchasers of our stock, claiming that they were purchasers of our stock during the period January 27, 2005 through January 30, 2007. The plaintiffs alleged violations of United States federal securities laws and sought unspecified damages. They alleged that during the purported period we made statements concerning our actual and anticipated future financial results that failed to disclose certain purportedly material adverse information with respect to demand and inventory in our Mexico operations and our information technology and communications divisions. In an amended complaint, the plaintiffs added one of our directors and Onex Corporation as defendants. On October 14, 2010, the District Court granted the defendants' motions to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint in its entirety. The plaintiffs appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit the dismissal of their claims against us, and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers, but not as to the other defendants. In a summary order dated December 29, 2011, the Court of Appeals reversed the District Court's dismissal of the consolidated amended complaint and remanded the case to the District Court for further proceedings. Defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing the case in its entirety, and plaintiffs moved for class certification and for partial summary judgment on certain elements of their claims. In an order dated February 21, 2014, the District Court denied plaintiffs' motion for class certification because they sought to include in their proposed class persons who purchased Celestica stock in Canada. Plaintiffs renewed their motion for class certification on April 23, 2014, removing Canadian stock purchasers from their proposed class in accordance with the District Court's February 21 order. Defendants opposed plaintiffs' renewed motion on May 5, 2014 on the grounds that the plaintiffs were not adequate class representatives. On August 20, 2014, the District Court denied our motion for summary judgment. The District Court also denied the majority of plaintiffs' motion for partial summary judgment, but granted plaintiffs' motion on market efficiency. The District Court also granted plaintiffs' renewed class certification motion and certified plaintiffs' revised class. On February 24, 2015, the parties reached an agreement in principle to settle the U.S. case, which was subsequently formalized in a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement dated April 17, 2015. On April 17, 2015, the plaintiffs submitted the settlement to the District Court seeking preliminary approval of the settlement and of the form of notice to be issued to class members. On May 6, 2015, the District Court preliminarily approved the settlement as fair, reasonable and adequate, and directed the issuance of notice to class members. On July 28, 2015, the District Court held a settlement approval hearing at which it granted final approval to the settlement. The time for any person to appeal the District Court's order approving the settlement has expired without any such appeal having been filed. The settlement payment to the plaintiffs was paid by our liability insurance carriers. Parallel class proceedings were initiated against us and our former Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. These proceedings are not affected by the settlement discussed above. On October 15, 2012, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice granted limited aspects of the F-52 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) defendants' motion to strike, but dismissed the defendants' limitation period argument. The defendants' appeal of the limitation period issue was dismissed on February 3, 2014 when the Court of Appeal for Ontario overturned its own prior decision on the limitation period issue. On August 7, 2014, the defendants were granted leave to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada, together with two other cases that dealt with the limitation period issue. The Supreme Court of Canada heard the appeal on February 9, 2015. The Supreme Court of Canada released its decision on December 4, 2015, allowing the defendants' appeal and holding that the statutory claims of the plaintiff and the class under the Ontario Securities Act are barred by the applicable limitation period. In an earlier decision dated February 14, 2014, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice denied certification of the plaintiffs' common law claims. No party appealed that decision. We will be seeking our costs of the Supreme Court proceedings and the proceedings below. It is too early to assess the quantum of costs that may be awarded, if any. The Canadian plaintiff has initiated a second motion to certify its common law claims, even though those claims were denied certification in February 2014. We believe that the February 2014 decision is final and binding and that any attempt to re-open certification of the common law claims is without merit. There can be no assurance that the outcome of the lawsuit will be favorable to us or that it will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position or liquidity. In addition, we may incur substantial litigation expenses in defending the claim. As the matter is ongoing, we cannot predict its duration or the resources required. Income taxes: We are subject to tax audits globally by various tax authorities of historical information which could result in additional tax expense in future periods relating to prior results. Reviews by tax authorities generally focus on, but are not limited to, the validity of our inter-company transactions, including financing and transfer pricing policies which generally involve subjective areas of taxation and a significant degree of judgment. If any of these tax authorities are successful with their challenges, our income tax expense may be adversely affected and we could also be subject to interest and penalty charges. Tax authorities in Canada have taken the position that income reported by one of our Canadian subsidiaries should have been materially higher in 2001 and 2002 and materially lower in 2003 and 2004 as a result of certain inter-company transactions, and have imposed limitations on benefits associated with favorable adjustments arising from inter-company transactions and other adjustments. We have appealed this decision with the Canadian tax authorities and have sought assistance from the relevant Competent Authorities in resolving the transfer pricing matter under relevant treaty principles. We could be required to provide security up to an estimated maximum range of $20 million to $25 million Canadian dollars (approximately $14 to $18 at year-end exchange rates) in the form of letters of credit to the tax authorities in connection with the transfer pricing appeal; however, we do not believe that such security will be required. If the tax authorities are successful with their challenge, we estimate that the maximum net impact for additional income taxes and interest charges associated with the proposed limitations of the favorable adjustments could be approximately $41 million Canadian dollars (approximately $29 at year-end exchange rates). Canadian tax authorities have taken the position that certain interest amounts deducted by one of our Canadian entities in 2002 through 2004 on historical debt instruments should be re-characterized as capital losses. If the tax authorities are successful with their challenge, we estimate that the maximum net impact for additional income taxes and interest charges could be approximately $33 million Canadian dollars (approximately $24 at year-end exchange rates). We have appealed this decision with the Canadian tax authorities and have provided the requisite security to the tax authorities, including a letter of credit in January 2014 of $5 million Canadian dollars (approximately $4 at year-end exchange rates), in addition to amounts previously on account, in order to proceed with the appeal. We believe that our asserted position is appropriate and would be sustained upon full examination by the tax authorities and, if necessary, upon consideration by the judicial courts. Our position is supported by our Canadian legal tax advisors. F-53 CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) In the first quarter of 2015, we de-recognized the future benefit of certain Brazilian tax losses, which were previously recognized on the basis that these tax losses could be fully utilized to offset unrealized foreign exchange gains on inter-company debts that would become realized in the fiscal period ending on the date of dissolution of our Brazilian subsidiary. Due to the weakening of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar, the unrealized foreign exchange gains had diminished to the point where the tax cost to settle such inter-company debt was significantly reduced. Accordingly, our Brazilian inter-company debts were settled on April 7, 2015 triggering a tax liability of $1 and the relevant tax costs related to the foreign exchange gains has been accrued as at December 31, 2015. The successful pursuit of the assertions made by any taxing authority related to the above noted tax audits or others could result in our owing significant amounts of tax, interest and possibly penalties. We believe we have substantial defenses to the asserted positions and have adequately accrued for any probable potential adverse tax impact. However, there can be no assurance as to the final resolution of these claims and any resulting proceedings. If these claims and any ensuing proceedings are determined adversely to us, the amounts we may be required to pay could be material, and could be in excess of amounts currently accrued. 24. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: We are required to disclose certain information regarding operating segments, products and services, geographic areas and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our one reportable segment is comprised of our electronics manufacturing services business. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer. The following table indicates revenue by end market as a percentage of total revenue for the years indicated. Our revenue fluctuates from period-to-period depending on numerous factors, including but not limited to: the mix and complexity of the products or services we provide, the extent, timing and rate of new program wins, and the execution of our programs and services, follow-on business, program completions or losses, the phasing in or out of programs, the success in the marketplace of our customers' products, changes in customer demand, and the seasonality of our business. We expect that the pace of technological change, the frequency of customers transferring business among EMS competitors, the level of outsourcing by customers (including decisions to insource), and the dynamics of the global economy will also continue to impact our business from period-to-period. Communications Consumer Diversified Servers Storage F-54 Year ended December 31 2014 40% 5% 28% 9% 18% 2013 42% 6% 25% 13% 14% 2015 40% 3% 29% 10% 18% CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts) The following table details our external revenue allocated by manufacturing location among countries that generated in excess of 10% of total revenue for the years indicated: Thailand China Malaysia Year ended December 31 2014 33% 23% 14% 2013 34% 19% 13% 2015 33% 23% 14% The following table details our allocation of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill among countries that exceeded 10% of total property plant and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill for the years indicated: China Canada Thailand United States Malaysia * Less than 10% in 2015 Customers: December 31 2014 2015 22% 10% 16% 16% 19% 23% * 23% 14% 17% We had three customers that individually represented more than 10% of total revenue in 2015. In aggregate, those customers comprised 38% of total revenue. At December 31, 2015, we had two customers that individually represented more than 10% of total accounts receivable. We had three customers that individually represented more than 10% of total revenue in 2014. In aggregate, those customers comprised 37% of total revenue. At December 31, 2014, we had one customer that individually represented more than 10% of total accounts receivable. We had two customers that individually represented more than 10% of total revenue in 2013. In aggregate, those customers comprised 24% of total revenue. At December 31, 2013, we had one customer that individually represented more than 10% of total accounts receivable. F-55 Exhibit 4.5 CELESTICA INC. LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN June 28, 1998 As amended and restated as of December 9, 2004, April 21, 2005, July 26, 2006, December 13, 2006, March 12, 2007, April 19, 2011, January 29, 2014, July 22, 2015 and October 19, 2015 CELESTICA INC. LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN PART I 1. PURPOSE 1.1 This Long Term Incentive Plan has been established by the Company to provide incentives to certain of its employees and consultants and its directors, to foster a responsible balance between short term and long term results, and to build and maintain a strong spirit of performance and entrepreneurship. 2. PLAN DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION 2.1 In this Long Term Incentive Plan, the following terms have the following meanings: (a) “Applicable Law” means any applicable provision of law, domestic or foreign, including, without limitation, the Securities Act (Ontario), the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the U.S. Securities Exchange Act 1934, as amended, together with all regulations, rules, policy statements, rulings, notices, orders or other instruments promulgated thereunder and Stock Exchange Rules; (b) “Beneficiary” means any person designated by the Participant by written instrument filed with the Company to receive any amount, securities or property payable under the Plan in the event of a Participant’s death or, failing any such effective designation, the Participant’s estate; (c) “Blackout Period” means a period of time during which the Participant cannot exercise an Option, or sell Shares, due to applicable law or policies of the Company in respect of insider trading; (d) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company; (e) “Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following after the date hereof: (i) the acquisition by any person (or more than one person acting as a group) of beneficial ownership of securities of the Company which, directly or following conversion or exercise thereof, would entitle the holder thereof to cast more than 50% of the votes attaching to all securities of the Company which may be cast to elect directors of the Company, other than the additional acquisition of securities by a person beneficially owning such number of securities on the date hereof; (ii) a majority of the Directors are replaced during any twelve-month period by Directors whose appointment or election was not endorsed by a majority of the Directors before the date of the appointment or election, including, without limitation, as a consequence of the solicitation of proxies through a proxy circular by persons other than management; (iii) the consummation of an amalgamation, arrangement, merger or other consolidation of the Company with another company or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to another company pursuant to which, and such that, all the persons who, immediately prior to such consummation, beneficially owned all of the securities of the Company which could be cast to elect directors of the Company, immediately thereafter do not beneficially own securities of the successor or continuing company or company acquiring the assets which would entitle such persons, directly or following conversion or exercise thereof, to cast more than 50% of the votes attaching to all securities of such company which may be cast to elect directors of that company; (f) “Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (g) “Committee” means the committee of the Board, as constituted from time to time, which may be appointed by the Board to, inter alia, interpret, administer and implement the Plan, and includes any successor committee appointed by the Board for such purposes; (h) “Company” means Celestica Inc. and its respective successors and assigns, and any reference in the Plan to action by the Company means action by or under the authority of the Board or any person or committee that has been designated for the purpose by the Company including, without limitation, the Committee; (i) “Consultant” means a consultant as defined in the Rule excluding investor relations persons and associated consultants as defined in the Rule; (j) “Date of Grant” of an Option, a Right or a Share Unit, as the case may be, means the date the Option, Right or Share Unit is granted to a Participant under the Plan; (k) “Designated Affiliated Entity” means a person (including a trust or a partnership) or company in which the Company has a significant investment and which the Company designates as such for the purposes of this Plan; (l) “Director” means a member of the Board; (m) “Earliest Exercise Date” in respect of an Option or Right as the case may be, means the earliest date on which the Option or Right may be exercised, as designated by the Company at the time the Option or Right is granted; (n) “Fiscal Year” means the financial year of the Company; 2 (o) “including” means including without limitation; (p) “Incumbent Director” means any member of the Board who was a member of the Board immediately prior to the occurrence of a transaction, transactions or elections giving rise to a Change of Control (other than a transaction approved by the Board) and any successor to an Incumbent Director who is recommended or elected or appointed to succeed an Incumbent Director by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board; (q) “Independent Broker” means a registered broker which is independent under Stock Exchange Rules; (r) “Insider” means an insider of the Company as defined by the rules of the TSX for the purposes of the TSX’s rules relating to security-based compensation arrangements; (s) “Latest Exercise Date” means the latest date on which an Option or Right as the case may be, may be exercised, as designated by the Company at the time the Option or Right is granted; (t) “Market Price” shall mean the weighted average price per Share (or the mean of the closing bid and ask prices, if not traded) on the TSX or NYSE, as selected by the Company on the Date of Grant, or on the Release Date, as applicable, during the period five trading days preceding the date of the determination; (u) “NYSE” means The New York Stock Exchange; (v) “Option” means a right granted under the Plan to a Participant to purchase Shares in accordance with the Plan; (w) “Option Price” in respect of an Option means the price designated by the Company at which the Participant may purchase a Share under the Option; (x) “Option Program” means the Stock Option Program, consisting of Part II of the Plan, as amended and restated from time to time; (y) “Participant” means (i) a Director, (ii) a permanent employee of the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity, or (iii) a Consultant of the Company, a Subsidiary, or a Designated Affiliated Entity, 3 who has been designated by the Company for participation in the Plan and who has agreed to participate in the Plan or any Program thereof on such terms as the Company may specify; (z) “Plan” means this Long Term Incentive Plan, consisting of the Option Program, the Rights Program and the Share Unit Program, as amended and restated from time to time; (aa) “Program” means the Option Program, the Rights Program or the Share Unit Program, as applicable; (bb) “Reorganization” means any (i) capital reorganization, (ii) merger, (iii) amalgamation, (iv) offer for shares of the Company which if successful would entitle the offeror to acquire all of the shares of the Company or all of one or more particular class(es) of shares of the Company to which the offer relates, (v) sale of a material portion of the assets of the Company, or (vi) arrangement or other scheme of reorganization; (cc) “Right” means a stock appreciation right granted under the Rights Program to a Participant in accordance with the Rights Program; (dd) “Retirement” means, with respect to any Participant, when: (i) the Participant is no longer an employee as a result of a voluntary resignation or as a result of a termination action by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity on a not for cause basis; (ii) the Participant has completed his or her last day of employment with the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity, as applicable; and (iii) either (A) the sum of the Participant’s age and years of service equals 65 provided that the Participant’s age shall be at least 55 years and that the Participant has been employed for a minimum of five years; or (B) the Participant has 30 years of service or more; and for greater certainty, a Participant who is no longer an employee by reason of death or as a result of termination action by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity on a for cause basis shall not be eligible for Retirement treatment under the Plan; (ee) “Rights Program” means the Stock Appreciation Rights Program, consisting of Part III of the Plan, as amended and restated from time to time; 4 (ff) “Rule” means Part 2, Division 4 of National Instrument 45-106 - Prospectus and Registration Exemptions, as it may be amended or replaced; (gg) “Share Unit” means a unit allocated to a Participant in accordance with the Share Unit Program; (hh) “Share Unit Program” means the Share Unit Program, consisting of Part IV of the Plan, as amended and restated from time to time; (ii) “Shares” means the Subordinate Voting Shares in the capital of the Company, and includes any shares of the Company into which such shares may be converted, reclassified, redesignated, subdivided, consolidated, exchanged or otherwise changed, pursuant to a Reorganization or otherwise; (jj) “Stock Exchange Rules” means the applicable rules of any stock exchange upon which shares of the Company are listed; (kk) “Subsidiary” means a subsidiary of the Company as defined by the Business Corporations Act (Ontario); (ll) “TSX” means The Toronto Stock Exchange; (mm) “Vested” (or any applicable derivative term) shall mean, with respect to a Grant, Option, or Right, that the applicable conditions with respect to continued employment, passage of time, achievement of Performance Criteria and/or any other conditions established by the Committee have been satisfied or, to the extent permitted under the Plan, waived, whether or not the Participant’s rights with respect to such Grant, Option, or Right may be conditioned upon prior or subsequent compliance with any confidentiality, non-competition or non-solicitation obligations; (nn) “Withholding Obligations” means any federal, provincial, state or local law relating to withholding of tax or other required deductions, including the amount, if any, includable in the income of a Participant; and (oo) “Year” in respect of an Option, Right or Share Unit, as the case may be, means a calendar year commencing on the Date of Grant of the Option, Right or Share Unit, as the case may be, or on any anniversary of such date. 2.2 Certain other defined terms used herein have the meanings ascribed to them in the Option Program, the Rights Program or the Share Unit Program. 2.3 In this Plan, unless the context requires otherwise, words importing the singular number may be construed to extend to and include the plural number, and words importing the plural number may be construed to extend to and include the singular number. 2.4 The Option Price per Share or Market Price may be expressed or designated in a currency other than Canadian dollars, based on the noon day foreign exchange rate as quoted by 5 the Bank of Canada on the relevant date or such other foreign exchange rate basis as the Company may determine to be appropriate. 2.5 This Plan is established under the laws of the Province of Ontario and the rights of all parties and the construction of each and every provision of the Plan and any Options, Rights or Share Units granted hereunder shall be construed according to the laws of the Province of Ontario. 2.6 This Plan consists of four parts, the first part (“Part I”) commencing with section 1, consisting of general provisions applicable to the Plan as a whole; the second part (“Part II”) commencing with section 5, consisting of the Option Program; the third part (“Part III”) commencing with section 12, consisting of the Rights Program; and the fourth part (“Part IV”) commencing with section 18, consisting of the Share Unit Program. 3. GENERAL 3.1 The transfer of an employee from the Company to a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity, from a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity to the Company, or from one Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity to another Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity, shall not be considered a termination of employment for the purposes of the Plan, nor shall it be considered a termination of employment if a Participant is placed on such other leave of absence which is considered by the Company as continuing intact the employment relationship; in such a case, the employment relationship shall be continued until the later of the date when the leave equals ninety days or the date when a Participant’s right to reemployment shall no longer be guaranteed either by law or by contract, except that in the event active employment is not renewed at the end of the leave of absence, the employment relationship shall be deemed to have ceased at the beginning of the leave of absence. 3.2 The number of Shares which may be issued from the treasury of the Company under this Plan is limited to 29,000,000. The number of Shares which may be reserved for issue under Options, Rights or Share Units granted pursuant to this Plan, together with Shares reserved for issue under any other employee-related plan of the Company or options for services granted by the Company, to any one person shall not exceed 5% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company. The Company may from time to time designate in each case such other maximum number for this purpose which, however, will not in any event exceed the maximum number permitted from time to time under Stock Exchange Rules. The number of Shares which may be issued from the treasury of the Company under this Plan to Directors is limited to 2,000,000. The number of Shares reserved for issue under Options, Rights, or Share Units granted to Insiders pursuant to this Plan, together with Shares reserved for issue to Insiders under any other existing share compensation arrangement of the Company, shall not exceed 10% of the aggregate outstanding Multiple Voting Shares and Shares of the Company. Within any one-year period, the number of Shares issued to Insiders pursuant to this Plan and all other existing share compensation arrangements of the Company shall not exceed 10% of the aggregate outstanding Multiple Voting Shares and Shares of the Company and the number of Shares issued to any one Insider and such Insider’s Associates shall not exceed 5% of the aggregate outstanding Multiple Voting Shares and Shares of the Company. If the number of Shares shall be increased or decreased as a result of a stock split, consolidation, reclassification or recapitalization and not as 6 a result of the issuance of Shares for additional consideration or by way of a stock dividend in the ordinary course, the Company may make appropriate adjustments to the maximum number of Shares which may be issued from the treasury of the Company under the Plan. 3.3 For any one-year period, the aggregate number of Options, Rights and Share Units that may be granted to Participants is limited such that the aggregate of: (a) in the case of Options, the number of Shares issuable upon the exercise of such Options; (b) in the case of Rights, the Designated Rights Amount; and (c) in the case of Share Units, the number of Shares issuable upon payment of such Share Units, in the case of PSUs, at the target level of Vesting, shall not exceed 1.2% of the average aggregate number of Shares and Multiple Voting Shares of the Company outstanding during that period. If the number of outstanding Shares shall be increased or decreased as a result of a stock split, consolidation, reclassification or capitalization, the Company shall make appropriate adjustments to the maximum aggregate number of Options, Rights and Share Units for the relevant period determined in accordance with this section 3.3. 3.4 Subject to any Applicable Law, the Company may, but is not obligated to, acquire issued and outstanding Shares in the market for the purposes of providing Shares to Participants under the Plan. If it does so, the Company shall utilize the services of an Independent Broker. The Shares acquired for this purpose shall not be included for the purposes of the determining the maximum number of Shares to be issued under the Plan in accordance with section 3.2. 3.5 From time to time the Company may, in addition to its powers under the Plan, add to or amend any of the provisions of the Plan or terminate the Plan or amend the terms of any Option, Right or Share Unit granted under the Plan; provided, however, that: (a) the Company shall obtain approval of the holders of the voting securities, by a majority of the votes cast in present or by proxy at a meeting of shareholders, of the following: (i) an amendment to the Plan to increase the maximum number of Shares specified in section 3.2 which may be issued under this Plan; (ii) any amendment to an Option that would reduce the Option Price of an outstanding Option (including the cancellation of an Option and, in conjunction with such cancellation, re-grant of an Option at a reduced Option Price); (iii) any amendment to an Option that would extend the term of any Option or Right granted under this Plan beyond the Latest Exercise Date; 7 (iv) an amendment which would expand the rights of a Participant to assign or transfer an Option, Right or Share Unit other than as set forth in section 3.8; (v) amending the Plan to provide for other types of security-based compensation involving the issue of equity; (vi) amending or deleting section 6.3 so as to allow an Option to have a term of greater than 10 years except as contemplated by section 6.3; (vii) increasing or deleting the percentage limits relating to Shares issuable or issued to Insiders in section 3.2; (viii) increasing or deleting the percentage limit on Shares reserved for issuance to any one person pursuant to Options in section 3.2; (ix) adding to the categories of Participants who may be designated for participation in the Plan; and (x) amending this clause (a) other than as permitted by Stock Exchange Rules; other than, for greater certainty, a change resulting from a change in share capital or Reorganization as contemplated by the provisions of this Plan; and (b) no such amendment or termination shall be made at any time which has the effect of adversely affecting the existing rights of a Participant under the Plan without his or her consent in writing unless the Company, at its option, acquires such existing rights at an amount equal to the fair market value of such rights at such time as verified by an independent valuator. For greater certainty, the Company may, under the authority of the Board, without limitation, subject to clause (b), and without shareholder approval under clause (a), otherwise amend the Plan or the terms and conditions of Options, Rights or Share Units granted under the Plan. 3.6 Notwithstanding section 3.5, no amendment shall be made to any provision of this Plan or to any Option granted hereunder that has the effect of reducing the Option Price per Share of any previously-granted Option. 3.7 The determination by the Company of any question which may arise as to the interpretation or implementation of the Plan or any of the Options, Rights or Share Units granted hereunder shall be final and binding on all Participants and other persons claiming or deriving rights through any of them. 3.8 The Plan shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company, its successors and assigns. The interest of any Participant under the Plan or in any Option, Right or Share Unit shall not be transferable or alienable by him or her either by pledge, assignment or in any other manner, except to a spouse or a personal holding company or family trust controlled by 8 a Participant, the shareholders or beneficiaries of which, as the case may be, are any combination of the Participant, the Participant’s spouse, the Participant’s minor children or the Participant’s minor grandchildren, and after his or her lifetime shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Participant’s Beneficiary. 3.9 The Company’s obligation to issue or provide Shares in accordance with the terms of the Plan and any Options, Rights or Share Units granted hereunder is subject to compliance with Applicable Law applicable to the issuance and distribution of such Shares. As a condition of participating in the Plan, each Participant agrees to comply with all such Applicable Law and agrees to furnish to the Company all information and undertakings as may be required to permit compliance with such Applicable Law. 3.10 The Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity may withhold from any amount payable to a Participant, either under this Plan, or otherwise, such amount as may be necessary so as to ensure that the Company, the Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity will be able to comply with the applicable provisions of any Withholding Obligations. The Company shall also have the right in its discretion to satisfy any liability for any Withholding Obligations by selling, or causing a broker to sell, on behalf of any Participant or causing any Participant to sell such number of Shares issued or provided to the Participant sufficient to fund the Withholding Obligations (after deducting any commissions payable to the broker), or retaining any amount payable which would otherwise be delivered, provided or paid to the Participant hereunder. The Company may require a Participant, as a condition to exercise of an Option or being issued or provided Shares hereunder, to make such arrangements as the Company may require so that the Company can satisfy applicable Withholding Obligations on terms and conditions determined by the Company in its sole discretion, including, without limitation, requiring the Participant to (i) remit the amount of any such Withholding Obligations to the Company in advance; (ii) reimburse the Company for any such Withholding Obligations; or (iii) cause a broker who sells Shares acquired by the Participant under the Plan on behalf of the Participant to withhold from the proceeds realized from such sale the amount required to satisfy any such Withholding Obligations and to remit such amount directly to the Company. 3.11 A Participant shall not have the right or be entitled to exercise any voting rights, receive dividends or have or be entitled to any other rights as a shareholder in respect of (i) Shares subject to an Option unless and until such Shares have been paid for in full and issued, (ii) any Rights, or (iii) any Share Units unless and until issued or provided in the form of Shares. 3.12 Neither designation of an employee as a Participant nor the grant of any Options, Rights or Share Units to any Participant entitles any Participant to the grant, or any additional grant, as the case may be, of any Options, Rights or Share Units under the Plan. Neither the Plan nor any action taken thereunder shall interfere with the right of the employer of a Participant to terminate a Participant’s employment at any time. Neither the period of notice, if any, nor any payment in lieu thereof, upon termination of employment shall be considered as extending the period of employment for the purposes of the Plan. 3.13 No member of the Board or the Committee shall be liable for any action or determination made in good faith in connection with the Plan and members of the Board and the 9 Committee shall be entitled to indemnification and reimbursement from the Company in respect of any claim relating thereto. 3.14 Participation in the Plan shall be entirely voluntary and any decision not to participate shall not affect any employee’s employment with, or any Consultant’s engagement by, the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity. 3.15 If any provision of this Plan is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision or part thereof and the remaining part, if any, of such provision and all other provisions hereof shall continue in full force and effect. 3.16 Neither the establishment of the Plan nor the grant of any Rights or Share Units or the setting aside of any funds by the Company (if, in its sole discretion, it chooses to do so) shall be deemed to create a trust. Legal and equitable title to any funds set aside for the purposes of the Plan shall remain in the Company and no Participant shall have any security or other interest in such funds. Any funds so set aside shall remain subject to the claims of creditors of the Company present or future. Amounts payable to any Participant under the Plan shall be a general, unsecured obligation of the Company. The right of the Participant or Beneficiary to receive payment pursuant to the Plan shall be no greater than the right of other unsecured creditors of the Company. 3.17 This Plan is hereby instituted this 28th day of June, 1998. 4. ADMINISTRATION 4.1 The Plan shall be administered by the Company in accordance with its provisions. All costs and expenses of administering the Plan will be paid by the Company, but the Company shall not be responsible for the payment of any fees or expenses in respect of the re-sale by a Participant of Shares acquired by him or her under the Plan. The Company, may from time to time, establish administrative rules and regulations and prescribe forms or documents relating to the operation of the Plan as it may deem necessary to implement or further the purpose of the Plan and amend or repeal such rules and regulations or forms or documents. The Company, in its discretion, may appoint a Committee for the purpose of interpreting, administering and implementing the Plan or a Program. In administering the Plan, the Company or the Committee may seek recommendations from the chief executive officer of the Company. The Company may also delegate to the Committee or any director, officer or employee of the Company such duties and powers, relating to the Plan or a Program as it may see fit. The Company may also appoint or engage a trustee, custodian or administrator to administer or implement the Plan or a Program. 4.2 The Company shall keep or cause to be kept such records and accounts as may be necessary or appropriate in connection with the administration of the Plan and the discharge of its duties. At such times as the Company shall determine, the Company shall furnish the Participant with a statement setting forth the details of his or her Options, Rights or Share Units, including Date of Grant, Designated Amount and the Option Price of each Option, the number of Shares in respect of which the Option has been exercised, the maximum number of Shares which 10 the Participant may still purchase under the Option Program, the Designated Rights Amount held by each Participant and the number and type of Share Units held by each Participant. Such statement shall be deemed to have been accepted by the Participant as correct unless written notice to the contrary is given to the Company within 30 days after such statement is given to the Participant. 4.3 (a) Any payment, notice, statement, certificate or other instrument required or permitted to be given to a Participant or any person claiming or deriving any rights through him or her shall be given by: (i) delivering it personally to the Participant or to the person claiming or deriving rights through him or her, as the case may be, or (ii) mailing it postage paid (provided that the postal service is then in operation) or delivering it to the address which is maintained for the Participant in the Company’s personnel records or (other than in the case of a payment) sending it by means of facsimile or similar means of electronic transmission (including e-mail). (b) Any payment, notice, statement, certificate or other instrument required or permitted to be given to the Company shall be given by mailing it postage paid (provided that the postal service is then in operation), delivering it to the Company at its principal address, or (other than in the case of a payment) sending it by means of facsimile or similar means of electronic transmission (including e-mail), to the attention of the Company Secretary. (c) Any payment, notice, statement, certificate or other instrument referred to in section 4.3(a) or 4.3(b), if delivered, shall be deemed to have been given or delivered on the date on which it was delivered, if mailed (provided that the postal service is then in operation), shall be deemed to have been given or delivered on the second business day following the date on which it was mailed and if by facsimile or similar means of electronic transmission, on the next business day following transmission. 11 PART II STOCK OPTION PROGRAM 5. STOCK OPTION PROGRAM DEFINITIONS 5.1 In this Program, the following terms have the following meanings: (a) “Designated Amount” of a Participant’s Option means the maximum number of Shares which the Participant may purchase under the Option, as designated by the Company; (b) “Designated Percentage” in respect of an Option means the percentage of the Designated Amount representing the maximum number of Shares which a Participant may purchase under the Option during each Option Year which, unless otherwise determined by the Company, shall be 20% commencing on the second Option Year, 40% commencing on the third Option Year, 60% commencing on the fourth Option Year, 80% commencing on the fifth Option Year and 100% commencing on the sixth Option Year; (c) “Option Price” in respect of an Option means the price designated by the Company at which the Participant may purchase a Share under the Option; and (d) “Program” means this Stock Option Program. 6. GRANTING OF OPTIONS AND DETERMINATION OF THE OPTION PRICE 6.1 From time to time the Company may grant Options to Participants to acquire Shares in accordance with the Plan. In granting each such Option, the Company shall designate: (a) the Designated Amount of Shares; (b) the Earliest Exercise Date, which may be the Date of Grant; (c) the Latest Exercise Date; (d) the Designated Percentage; and (e) the Option Price, which price shall be determined by the Company in accordance with section 6.2. 6.2 The Option Price per Share in respect of an Option shall be not less than the price per Share of the last reporting selling price of at least a Board Lot of the Shares on the day preceding the Date of Grant of the Option on the TSX or NYSE, as selected by the Company on the Date of Grant, and, if there were no such trades on that day, the weighted average trading price of the Shares for the previous five days on which the Shares traded on the TSX or NYSE, as selected by the Company on the Date of Grant. 12 6.3 The Latest Exercise Date shall be no later than the date which is the tenth anniversary of the Date of Grant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Latest Exercise Date shall be extended to the tenth business day following the last day of a Blackout Period if the Latest Exercise Date would otherwise occur in a Blackout Period or within five days of the end of the Blackout Period. 6.4 Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Company may determine other terms or conditions, if any, of any Options, including: (a) any additional conditions on the grant of Options under the Program, including conditions as to the ownership of Shares by a Participant; (b) any additional conditions with respect to the exercise of Options under the Program, including conditions in respect of (i) the market price of the Shares, (ii) the financial performance or results of the Company, a Subsidiary, a Designated Affiliated Entity or business unit, and (iii) restrictions on the re-sale of Shares acquired on the exercise of Options; and (c) such other terms or conditions as the Company may in its discretion determine. 6.5 Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan to the contrary, no Options may be granted to Directors on or after April 21, 2005. 7. EXERCISE OF PARTICIPANT’S OPTIONS 7.1 Subject to the provisions of the Plan, an Option may be exercised by the Participant only on or after the Earliest Exercise Date and thereafter from time to time at his or her discretion to purchase in the aggregate a number of Shares equal to the aggregate of the previously unexercised portion of the Designated Amount provided that, unless the Company at any time otherwise determines, (a) subject to clause (b) of this section 7.1, the maximum number of Shares which the Participant may purchase under the Option during each of the Years commencing on the Earliest Exercise Date of the Option shall be equal to the number of Shares represented by the Designated Percentage of the Designated Amount of the Option, and (b) if the number of Shares purchased under the Option during any of the Years is less than the maximum number which could have been purchased under the Option during that Year, the difference shall be carried forward and added to the maximum number of Shares which may be purchased under the Option in the immediately following Year, and so on from time to time, provided that the 13 percentage of the Designated Amount which the Participant may purchase under an Option shall not exceed one hundred per cent (100%). 7.2 Notwithstanding section 7.1, if there is a Change of Control, and a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity, by reason of a termination without cause, either (x) within the six months preceding the Change of Control, following public disclosure of a transaction, which, if completed, would give rise to a Change of Control, or (y) the one year following the Change of Control, the Participant’s Options shall be fully Vested on, and may be exercised at any time following, the later of (a) the date of the Change of Control and (b) the date of termination of the Participant’s employment, until and ending on the applicable date under section 7.3. 7.3 Unless the Company at any time otherwise determines, a Participant’s Option shall terminate and may not be exercised after the earliest of: (a) in the case of the termination of employment with the Company for cause, immediately as of the time of such termination; (b) 30 days after the date of the Participant’s termination of employment with the Company, unless such termination occurs by reason of termination of the Participant’s employment for cause or the Participant’s death, disability or Retirement as contemplated in subsections (a), (c) or (d) of this section, in which case the provisions of the applicable subsection shall govern; (c) three years after the Participant’s Retirement provided that if the Participant dies prior to the expiry of the first two years of such three-year period the Option shall terminate one year after the Participant’s death; (d) one year after the Participant’s death or the termination of employment with the Company by reason of his disability (as determined by the Company in its sole discretion); and (e) the Latest Exercise Date of the Participant’s Option; provided that, in any event, the Option shall terminate no later than ten years after the Date of Grant. 7.4 The exercise of an Option under the Plan shall be made by notice to the Company in writing specifying and subscribing for the number of Shares in respect of which the Option is being exercised at that time and, except where payment is made by another means satisfactory to the Company such as wire transfer of funds, accompanied by a certified cheque or bank draft payable to the Company in the amount of the aggregate Option Price for such number of Shares. Upon receipt of such notice and payment, the Shares in respect of which the Option has been exercised shall be issued as fully-paid and non-assessable shares of the Company. As of the business day the Company receives such notice and such payment, the Participant (or the person claiming through him, as the case may be) shall be entitled to be entered on the share register of the Company as the holder of the number of Shares in respect of which the Option was exercised 14 and to receive as promptly as possible thereafter a certificate representing the said number of Shares. 7.5 A Participant may, in lieu of an exercise of an Option under section 7.4, exercise an Option for a number of Shares without payment of the Option Price by notice to the Company in writing specifying the Participant is subscribing for that number of Shares to which the Participant is entitled under this Program without payment of the Option Price. The number of Shares to be issued or provided to the Participant is the number obtained by dividing (a) the difference between the Market Price and the Option Price multiplied by the number of the Shares in respect of which the Option would otherwise be exercised under section 7.4 with the payment of the aggregate Option Price by (b) the Market Price. The Shares issued in respect thereof shall be considered fully paid in consideration of past service that is no less in value than the fair equivalent of the money the Company would have received if the Shares had been issued for money. 7.6 Unless otherwise determined by the Company, if the Participant is a person who has knowledge of a “material fact” or “material change” (each as defined under the Securities Act (Ontario)) in respect of the Company that has not been generally disclosed in accordance with applicable securities legislation and adequately disseminated to the public, he or she shall not be entitled to exercise the Option. 8. EFFECT OF TERMINATION OF OPTION 8.1 If any Option has terminated or expired without being fully exercised, any unissued Shares which have been reserved to be issued upon the exercise of the Option shall become available to be issued upon the exercise of Options subsequently granted under the Program. 9. CHANGES IN SHARE CAPITAL 9.1 If the number of outstanding Shares shall be increased or decreased as a result of a stock split, consolidation, reclassification or recapitalization and not as a result of the issuance of Shares for additional consideration or by way of a stock dividend in the ordinary course, the Company may make appropriate adjustments to the Designated Amount of any Option which has previously been granted under the Program, the maximum number of Shares which the Participant may thereafter purchase under such Option, the Option Price in respect of such Option and any maximum number of Shares which may be issued under the Program. Any determinations by the Company as to the adjustments shall be made in its sole discretion and all such adjustments shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes under the Program. 9.2 No fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of an Option nor shall any scrip certificates in lieu thereof be issuable at any time. Accordingly, if as a result of any adjustment under section 9.1 a Participant would otherwise have become entitled to a fractional share upon the exercise of an Option, he shall have the right to purchase only the next lower whole number of Shares and no payment or other adjustment will be made with respect to the fractional interests so disregarded. 15 10. LOANS TO PARTICIPANTS 10.1 Subject to Applicable Law, the Company may in its sole discretion arrange for the Company, any Subsidiary or any Designated Affiliated Entity to make loans or provide guarantees for loans by financial institutions to assist Participants to purchase Shares upon the exercise of the Options and to assist the Participants to pay any income tax exigible upon exercise of the Options. Such loans may be secured or unsecured, and at such rates of interest, if any, and on such other terms as may be determined by the Company, provided that in no event shall any loan be outstanding for more than 10 years from the Date of Grant of the relevant Option. 11. REORGANIZATION 11.1 In the event of a Reorganization or proposed Reorganization, the Company, at its option, may, subject to Stock Exchange Rules, do either of the following: (a) irrevocably commute any Option held by a Participant that is still capable of being exercised, upon giving to such Participant at least 30 days’ written notice of its intention to commute the Option on a specified date, and during the period to such date, the Option, to the extent that it has not been exercised, may be exercised by the Participant up to the Designated Amount of Shares which may be purchased under the Option, without regard to the limitations contained in subsection 7.1(a), and on the expiry of such period of notice, the unexercised portion of the Option shall lapse and be cancelled, or (b) the Company, or any corporation which is or would be the successor to the Company or which may issue securities in exchange for Shares upon the Reorganization becoming effective, may offer any Participant in writing the opportunity to obtain a new or replacement option over any securities into which the Shares are changed or are convertible or exchangeable, on a basis proportionate to the number of Shares under option or some other appropriate basis, or some other property. If a Participant accepts such offer, he or she shall be deemed to have released his or her Option over Shares and such Option shall be deemed to have terminated. 11.2 The Company may specify in any notice or offer made under section 11.1, that, if for any reason, the Reorganization is not completed, the Company may revoke such notice or offer. The Company may exercise such right by further notice in writing to the Participant and return to the Participant any amount paid as an Option Price by the Participant to the Company and the Option shall thereafter continue to be exercisable by the Participant in accordance with its terms. 11.3 Subsections (a) and (b) of section 11.1 are intended to be permissive and may be utilized independently or successively or in combination or otherwise, and nothing therein contained shall be construed as limiting or affecting the ability of the Company to deal with Options in any other manner. 16 PART III STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS PROGRAM 12. PROGRAM DEFINITIONS 12.1 In this Program, the following terms have the following meanings: (a) “Designated Rights Amount” of a Participant’s Rights means the maximum number of Rights which the Participant may exercise, as designated by the Company; (b) “Designated Rights Percentage” means the percentage of the Designated Rights Amount representing the maximum number of Rights which a Participant may exercise each Year, which, unless otherwise determined by the Company, shall be 20% commencing on the second Year, 40% commencing on the third Year, 60% commencing on the fourth Year, 80% commencing on the fifth Year and 100% commencing on the sixth Year; (c) “In the Money” means the excess, if any, of the Market Price of a Share at any time over the Strike Price; (d) “Program” means this Stock Appreciation Rights Program; (e) “Rights Letter” means a letter approved by the Company whereby a Participant may exercise his Rights; and (f) “Strike Price” means the Market Price on the Date of Grant. 13. GRANTING OF RIGHTS 13.1 From time to time the Company may grant Rights to a Participant in accordance with the Plan. In granting any such Rights, the Company shall designate: (a) the Designated Rights Amount; (b) the Earliest Exercise Date; (c) the Latest Exercise Date; (d) the Designated Rights Percentage; and (e) the Strike Price of the Shares on the Date of Grant. 17 13.2 Subject to the term of the Plan, the Company may determine other terms or conditions, if any, of any Rights, including: (a) any additional conditions on the grant of Rights under the Program, including conditions as to the ownership of Shares by a Participant; (b) any additional conditions with respect to the exercise of Rights under the Program, including conditions in respect of (i) the market price of the Shares and (ii) the financial performance or results of the Company, a Subsidiary, a Designated Affiliated Entity, or business unit; and (c) such other terms or conditions of the Company may in its discretion determine. 14. EXERCISE OF PARTICIPANT’S RIGHTS 14.1 Subject to the provisions of the Program, a Right may be exercised by the Participant only on or after the Earliest Exercise Date and thereafter from time to time at his or her discretion, provided that, unless the Company at any time otherwise determines, (a) subject to clause (b) of this section 14.1, the maximum number of Rights which the Participant may exercise during each of the Years commencing on the Earliest Exercise Date of the Right shall be equal to the number of Rights represented by the Designated Rights Percentage of the Designated Rights Amount, and (b) if the number of Rights exercised during any of the Years is less than the maximum number which could have been exercised during that Year, the difference shall be carried forward and added to the maximum number of Rights which may be exercised immediately following the Year, and so on from time to time. 14.2 Notwithstanding section 14.1, if there is a Change of Control, and a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity, by reason of a termination without cause, either (x) within the six months preceding the Change of Control, following public disclosure of a transaction, which, if completed, would give rise to a Change of Control, or (y) the one year following the Change of Control, the Participant’s Rights shall be fully Vested on, and may be exercised at any time following, the later of (a) the date of the Change of Control and (b) the date of termination of the Participant’s employment, until and ending on the applicable date in section 14.4. 14.3 Upon exercising a Right, the Participant will be paid the amount by which such Right is In The Money on the date of exercise of the Right, subject to any applicable withholding of taxes. 14.4 Unless the Company at any time otherwise determines, a Participant’s Right shall terminate and may not be exercised after the earliest of: (a) in the case of termination of employment with the Company for cause, immediately as of the time of such termination; 18 (b) 30 days after the date of the Participant’s termination of employment with the Company, unless such termination occurs by reason of termination of the Participant’s employment for cause or the Participant’s death, disability or Retirement as contemplated in subsections (a), (c) or (d) of this section, in which case the provisions of the applicable subsection shall govern; (c) three years after the Participant’s Retirement provided that if the Participant dies prior to the expiry of the first two years of such three-year period, the Right shall terminate one year after the Participant’s death; (d) one year after the Participant’s death or the termination of employment with the Company by reason of his disability (as determined by the Company in its sole discretion); and (e) the Latest Exercise Date of the Participant’s Right. 14.5 No certificates shall be issued with respect to such Rights, but the Company shall maintain records in the name of each Participant showing the number of Rights to which such Participant is entitled in accordance with the Rights Program. 14.6 In order to exercise his Rights, the Participant must forward a completed Rights Letter by personal delivery, or registered mail or facsimile to the Company in the manner provided for in section 4.3. 14.7 The Company may, in lieu of all or a portion of the amount which would otherwise be payable to a Participant under this Program, issue or provide to a Participant a number of Shares. The number of Shares to be issued or provided to a Participant will be determined by dividing the cash amount that is proposed to be provided in the form of Shares under this section by the applicable Market Price. 15. EXERCISE OF RIGHTS 15.1 Unless otherwise determined by the Company, if the Participant is a person who has knowledge of a “material fact” or “material change” (each as defined under the Securities Act (Ontario)) in respect of the Company that has not been generally disclosed in accordance with applicable securities legislation and adequately disseminated to the public, he or she shall not be entitled to exercise the Right. 16. CHANGES IN SHARE CAPITAL 16.1 If the number of outstanding Shares shall be increased or decreased as a result of a stock split, consolidation, reclassification or recapitalization and not as a result of the issuance of Shares for additional consideration or by way of a stock dividend in the ordinary course, the Company may make appropriate adjustments to the Designated Rights Amount and/or the Strike Price. Any determinations by the Company as to the adjustments shall be made in its sole discretion and all such adjustments shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes under the Program. 19 17. REORGANIZATION 17.1 In the event of a Reorganization or proposed Reorganization, the Company, at its option, may, subject to Stock Exchange Rules, do either of the following: (a) irrevocably commute any Right that is still capable of being exercised, upon giving to any Participant to whom such Right has been granted at least 30 days’ written notice of its intention to commute the Right on a specified date, and during the period to such date, the Right, to the extent that it has not been exercised, may be exercised by the Participant up to the Designated Rights Amount without regard to the limitations contained in subsection 14.1(a), and on the expiry of such period of notice, the unexercised portion of the Rights shall lapse or be cancelled; or (b) the Company, or any corporation which is or would be the successor to the Company or which may issue securities in exchange for Shares upon the Reorganization becoming effective, may offer any Participant in writing the opportunity to obtain a new or replacement stock appreciation right or a security in respect of any securities into which the Shares are changed or are convertible or exchangeable, on a basis proportionate to the number of Rights held by such Participant or some other appropriate basis, or some other property. If a Participant accepts such offer, he or she shall be deemed to have released his or her Rights and such Rights shall be deemed to have terminated. 17.2 The Company may specify in any notice or offer made under section 17.1, that, if for any reason, the Reorganization is not completed, the Company may revoke such notice or offer. The Company may exercise such right by further notice in writing to the Participant and the Right shall thereafter continue to be exercisable by the Participant in accordance with its terms. 17.3 Subsections (a) and (b) of section 17.1 are intended to be permissive and may be utilized independently or successively or in combination or otherwise, and nothing therein contained shall be construed as limiting or affecting the ability of the Company to deal with Rights in any other manner. 20 PART IV SHARE UNIT PROGRAM 18. SHARE UNIT PROGRAM DEFINITIONS 18.1 In this Program, the following terms have the following meanings: (a) “Grant” means a PSU Grant or a RSU Grant; (b) “Performance Criteria” means conditions in respect of such financial, business, and/or personal performance criteria as may be determined by the Company in respect of a Grant of PSUs to any Participant or Participants. Performance Criteria may be applied to either the Company and its Subsidiaries as a whole or to a Subsidiary, a Designated Affiliated Entity or a business unit or a group of the Company and selected Subsidiaries, either individually, alternatively or in any combination, and measured either in total, incrementally or cumulatively over a specified period, on an absolute basis or relative to a pre-established target, to previous years’ results or to a designated comparison group and may include: (i) the market value of the Shares; (ii) the return to holders of Shares, with or without reference to other comparable companies; (iii) the financial performance or results of the Company, a Subsidiary, a Designated Affiliated Entity or a business unit thereof, and the Performance Criteria may relate to all or a portion of the PSUs in a Grant and may be graduated such that different percentages (which may be greater or lesser than 100%) of the PSUs in a Grant will become Vested depending on the extent of satisfaction of one or more such conditions; (c) “PSU Grant” means a grant to a Participant, under the Program pursuant to Article 19, of PSUs determined with reference to a notional dollar amount; (d) “PSU” means a unit allocated to a Participant under the Program in accordance with Article 19, the Vesting terms of which will be specified and identified at the Date of Grant and include the achievement of certain Performance Criteria; (e) “Program” means this Share Unit Program; (f) “Release Date” means, for a Grant, the date or dates on which Vested Share Units shall be satisfied in the form of Shares, or cash pursuant to a permitted election contemplated by section 22.3; 21 (g) “RSU” means a unit allocated to a Participant under this Program in accordance with Article 19, the Vesting terms of which will be specified and identified at the Date of Grant and which do not include the achievement of Performance Criteria; (h) “RSU Grant” means a grant to a Participant, under the Program pursuant to Article 19, of RSUs determined with reference to a notional dollar amount; (i) “Share Unit” means a RSU or a PSU; and (j) “Share Unit Grant Agreement” has the meaning set forth in section 19.3. 19. GRANTS AND ALLOCATION OF SHARE UNITS 19.1 The Company may, in its sole discretion, determine whether Grants will be made to a particular Participant, the notional dollar amount of any such Grant, the Vesting conditions and Release Dates for the Grant, whether the Grant will be a PSU Grant or a RSU Grant and whether the Participant may elect to receive a cash payment in lieu of Shares under such Grant. In making such determinations, the Company may take into account such criteria as it deems appropriate, including the Participant’s: (i) level of responsibility; (ii) rate of compensation; (iii) individual performance and contribution; and/or (iv) agreement to become a permanent employee of the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity. 19.2 At the option of the Company, the amount payable to a Participant under any bonus, profit sharing or gain-sharing program by the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity in respect of a Fiscal Year, or a portion thereof, may be provided in the form of RSU Grants in lieu thereof, provided the Company so elects prior to the commencement of the relevant Fiscal Year. In this case, the amount of the RSU Grant shall be the amount in respect of which the election has been made and the Release Date shall be the date or a specified event (including termination of employment on Retirement) determined by the Company. 19.3 On the Date of Grant, each Participant who receives a Grant shall be allocated Share Units reflecting such Grant. The Company will provide to the Participant a Share Unit Grant Agreement setting out the terms of the Grant contemplated by section 19.1. 19.4 The number of Share Units to be allocated to a particular Participant shall be obtained by dividing the amount of the Grant of such Participant by the closing price of the Shares on the trading day preceding the Date of Grant on the TSX or NYSE, as selected by the Company on the Date of Grant. Each such Share Unit shall represent the right to receive, subject to Vesting, one Share or, pursuant to a Participant permitted election, a cash payment at the time, in the manner and subject to the restrictions set forth in this Program. 19.5 Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Company may determine other terms or conditions of any Share Units, including: (a) restrictions on the re-sale of Shares acquired under the Program; (b) conditions relating to non-competition, non-solicitation and confidentiality; and 22 (c) any other terms and conditions the Company may in its discretion determine. 19.6 No certificates shall be issued with respect to such Grants or Share Units, but the Company shall maintain records in the name of each Participant showing the number and type of Share Units to which such Participant is entitled in accordance with the Share Unit Program. 20. PAYMENT OF PSUS AND RSUS 20.1 Subject to section 20.2 and Article 21, and unless at the Date of Grant the Company determines to make payment for Share Units in Shares acquired pursuant to section 3.4 and the Share Unit Grant Agreement so specifies, Share Units shall be paid in the form of Shares issued by the Company or, pursuant to a Participant permitted election as contemplated by section 22.3, cash paid in lieu thereof, in each case to the extent Vested in accordance with the Vesting conditions for the Grant as determined under Article 19. 20.2 Shares will be issued (or, if applicable, provided), or cash paid pursuant to a permitted election as contemplated by section 22.3, to the Participant on such date as determined by the Company in its sole discretion, which date shall be on or in no event later than 90 days, following the applicable Release Date(s) for the Grant, subject to the provisions of section 3.10 relating to Withholding Obligations. 21. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND FORFEITURES 21.1 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity for any reason other than death, long-term disability, Retirement or termination without cause, there shall be forfeited as of such termination of employment such Share Units as have not been issued, (or provided, if applicable), in the form of Shares in accordance with the Plan. No cash or other compensation shall at any time be paid in lieu of any such Share Units which have been forfeited under this Plan. 21.2 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be an employee of the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity by reason of death or long-term disability, the Participant’s right to be paid in respect of RSUs in a Grant previously granted to the Participant will be prorated based on the ratio of (a) the number of days of employment completed by the Participant between the Date of Grant of the RSUs and the date of death or long-term disability bears to (b) the number of days between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for such Share Units. All RSUs shall be satisfied in the form of Shares, or cash pursuant to a permitted election, to the Participant or his or her Beneficiary, as applicable, and paid on a date as determined in the sole discretion of the Company which date shall be on or in no event later than 90 days after such termination event. 21.3 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant’s employment with the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity is terminated without cause, the Participant’s right to be paid in respect of any RSUs in a Grant previously granted to the Participant will be prorated based on the ratio of (a) the number of full years (with no credit for partial years) of employment completed by the Participant between the Date of Grant of the RSUs and termination of employment bears to (b) the number of full years, whether 23 calendar or fiscal, between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for such Share Units. All RSUs shall be satisfied in the form of Shares, or cash pursuant to a permitted election, and paid on a date as determined in the sole discretion of the Company within 90 days after such termination of employment. 21.4 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant’s employment with the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliate is terminated without cause, the PSUs in a Grant of such Participant shall Vest on the scheduled Release Date based on the achievement of the performance level specified in the conditions attaching to the Grant of the PSUs. The number of Shares to which the Participant is entitled in respect thereof will be prorated based on the ratio of (a) the number of full years (with no credit for partial years) of employment completed by the Participant between the Date of Grant of the PSUs and termination of employment bears to (b) the number of full years, whether calendar or fiscal, between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for such Share Units. Payment with respect to such PSUs shall otherwise be made at the time specified in section 20.2 hereof. 21.5 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity by reason of death, the PSUs in a Grant of such Participant shall Vest as if the median level of performance specified in the conditions attaching to the Grant of the PSUs had been achieved as of the date of death but the number of Shares to which the Participant is entitled in respect thereof shall be prorated based on the number of days of completed employment from the Date of Grant for the PSUs to the date of death as a percentage of the total number of days between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for the PSUs. Such Shares, or cash pursuant to a permitted election, shall be distributed on a date determined in the sole discretion of the Company within 90 days after the date of death. 21.6 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity by reason of Retirement, or long-term disability, Vesting for PSUs in a Grant shall be determined on the scheduled Release Date for such PSUs on the basis of the actual performance achieved during the period specified for the Grant by the Company. The number of Shares to which the Participant shall be entitled to in respect thereof shall be prorated based on the number of days of completed employment from the Date of Grant for the PSUs to the date of Retirement or long-term disability as a percentage of the total number of days between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for the PSUs and shall be paid at the time specified in section 20.2 hereof. 21.7 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity by reason of Retirement, RSUs that have not been satisfied as of the date of Retirement shall Vest on the scheduled Release Date and shall be paid at the time specified in section 20.2 hereof. 21.8 This Plan is intended to comply in all respects with, or be exempt from, Section 409A of the Code. The foregoing notwithstanding, in no event whatsoever shall the Company or any of its affiliates be liable for any additional tax, interest or penalty that may be imposed on a Participant by Section 409A of the Code or damages for failing to comply with Section 409A of 24 the Code. In case any one or more provisions of this Plan needs to be interpreted to comply with, or be exempt from, Section 409A of the Code, then such provision shall be so interpreted. If at the time of a Participant’s termination of employment with the Company, the Participant is a “specified employee” as defined in Section 409A of the Code as determined by the Company in accordance with Section 409A of the Code, and the deferral of the commencement of any payments or benefits otherwise payable hereunder as a result of such termination of employment is necessary in order to prevent any accelerated or additional tax under Section 409A of the Code, then the Company will defer the commencement of the payment of any such payments or benefits hereunder (without any reduction in payments or benefits ultimately paid or provided to the Participant) until the date that is at least six (6) months following the Participant’s termination of employment with the Company (or the earliest date permitted under Section 409A of the Code). 21.9 Notwithstanding Articles 19 and 21, if there is a Change of Control, and a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity, by reason of a termination without cause, either (x) within six months preceding the Change of Control, following public disclosure of a transaction, which, if completed, would give rise to a Change of Control, or (y) the one year following the Change of Control, the Participant’s Share Units shall be fully Vested on, and the Release Date for all of the Participant’s Share Units shall be, the later of (a) the date of the Change of Control and (b) the date of termination of the Participant’s employment. For this purpose, for PSUs, the number of Share Units shall be determined on the basis that the target level of performance specified for Vesting in the conditions attaching to the Grant of PSUs had been achieved as at the date of the Change of Control. 22. FRACTIONAL SHARE UNITS AND SHARES 22.1 Where, under section 19.4, the number of Share Units allocated would result in a fractional Share Unit, the number of Share Units shall be rounded down to the next whole number of Share Units. No fractional Shares shall be issued or provided nor shall cash be paid at any time in lieu of any such fractional interest. Where the Vesting of Share Units would result in a fractional Share, the number of Shares to be issued or provided shall be rounded down to the next whole number of Shares. 22.2 Shares issued by the Company from treasury under the Share Unit Program shall be considered fully paid in consideration of the dollar value amount of the Vested Share Units. 22.3 If permitted by the Company under the terms of the Grant, a Participant may elect to receive a payment of cash in lieu of the issue or provision of Shares. The Participant shall advise the Company of the Participant’s election at or prior to the Release Date for such Grant. Absent any such permitted election, the Participant shall be issued or provided Shares in accordance with section 22.1. The amount payable pursuant to such permitted election shall be equal to the number of Shares issuable or provided under the terms of the Grant, multiplied by the Market Price on the Release Date, subject to the provisions of section 3.10 relating to Withholding Obligations. 25 23. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SHARES TO BE ISSUED UNDER PROGRAM 23.1 The number of Shares which may be issued pursuant to the Program to any one person shall not exceed 1% of the issued and outstanding voting securities of the Company. The Company may from time to time designate such other maximum percentage which, however, will not in any event exceed the maximum percentage permitted from time to time under Stock Exchange Rules. 23.2 If Share Units are forfeited under this Plan, they shall again be available for allocation under this Program. 24. CHANGES IN SHARE CAPITAL 24.1 If the number of outstanding Shares shall be increased or decreased as a result of a stock split, consolidation, subdivision, reclassification or recapitalization and not as a result of the issuance of Shares for additional consideration or by way of a stock dividend in the ordinary course, the Company may make appropriate adjustments to any maximum number of Shares which can be issued under the Program and the number of Share Units granted to each Participant. Any determinations by the Company as to the adjustments shall be made in its sole discretion and all such adjustments shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes under the Program. 25. REORGANIZATION 25.1 In the event of a Reorganization or proposed Reorganization, the Company, at its option, may, subject to Stock Exchange Rules, do either of the following: (a) irrevocably commute for or into any other security or other property or cash any unsatisfied Share Unit held by a Participant upon giving to such Participant at least 30 days’ written notice of its intention to commute the Share Unit on a specified date, and during the period to such date, the Participant may elect to require the Company to issue the Shares to him or her equal to such unsatisfied Share Units, without regard to the limitations contained in section 20.1, or (b) the Company, or any corporation which is or would be the successor to the Company or which may issue securities in exchange for Shares upon the Reorganization becoming effective, may offer any Participant in writing the opportunity to obtain the securities into which the Shares are changed or are convertible or exchangeable, on a basis proportionate to the number of unsatisfied Share Units held by such Participant or some other appropriate basis, or some other property. If a Participant accepts such offer, he or she shall be deemed to have released his or her rights relating to the Share Units and such Share Units shall be deemed to have terminated. the Market Price, and, for PSUs, on the basis that the target level of For this purpose, the cash amount will be determined on the basis of being not less for each Share Unit than 26 performance for Vesting specified in the conditions attached to the Grant of PSUs have been achieved as at the date of the Change of Control. 25.2 The Company may specify in any notice or offer made under section 25.1, that, if for any reason, the Reorganization is not completed, the Company may revoke such notice or offer. The Company may exercise such right by further notice in writing to the Participant and the Share Unit shall thereafter continue to be allocated to the Participant in accordance with its terms. 25.3 Subsections (a) and (b) of section 25.1 are intended to be permissive and may be utilized independently or successively or in combination or otherwise, and nothing therein contained shall be construed as limiting or affecting the ability of the Company to deal with Share Units in any other manner. 27 SCHEDULE A CELESTICA INC. INLAND REVENUE APPROVED RULES FOR UNITED KINGDOM EMPLOYEES (“THE SUB-PLAN”) 1. General This schedule to the Celestica Inc. Long Term Incentive Plan (“the Plan”) sets out the Inland Revenue approved rules for United Kingdom employees (“the Sub-Plan”). 2. Establishment of Sub-Plan Celestica Inc. (“the Company”) has established the Sub-Plan under section 3.4 of the Plan, which authorises the Company to add to or amend any provisions of the Plani. 3. Purpose of Sub-Plan The purpose of the Sub-Plan is to enable the grant to, and subsequent exercise by, employees and directors in the United Kingdom, on a tax favoured basis, of options to acquire shares in the Company under the Plan. 4. Inland Revenue approval of Sub-Plan The Sub-Plan is intended to be approved by the Inland Revenue under Schedule 9 to ICTA 1988. 5. Rules of Sub-Plan The rules of the Plan, in their present form and as amended from time to time, shall, with the modifications set out in this schedule, form the rules of the Sub-Plan. In the event of any conflict between the rules of the Plan and this schedule, the schedule shall prevail. 6. Relationship of Sub-Plan to Plan The Sub-Plan shall form part of the Plan and not a separate and independent plan. 7. Interpretation 7.1 In the Sub-Plan, unless the context otherwise requires, the following words and expressions have the following meanings: Approval Date The date on which the Sub-Plan is approved by the Inland Revenue under Schedule 9 to ICTA 1988; Associated Company The meaning given to that expression by section 187(2) of ICTA 1988;ii Close Company Consortium Control The meaning given to that expression by section 414(1) of, and paragraph 8 of Schedule 9 to, ICTA 1988;iii The meaning given to that word by section 187(7) of ICTA 1988;iv The meaning given to that word by section 840 of ICTA 1988 and “Controlled” shall be construed accordingly;v Eligible Employee an individual who is: (a) an employee of a Participating Company; or (b) a director of a Participating Company who is contracted to work at least 25 hours per week for the Company and its subsidiaries or any of them (exclusive of meal breaks) and who, in either case, does not have at the Date of Grant of an Option, and has not had during the preceding twelve months, a Material Interest in a Close Company which is the Company or a company which has Control of the Company or a member of a Consortium which owns the Company; ICTA 1988 The Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988; Market Value Notwithstanding section 6.2 of the Plan: (a) in the case of an Option granted under the Sub Plan: (i) if at the relevant time the Shares are listed on the New A2 York Stock Exchangevi the last reported selling price of a Share on the New York Stock Exchange as reported in the Wall Street Journal for the dealing day immediately preceding the Date of Grant of the Option (for the avoidance of doubt, if there were no trades on the day immediately preceding the Date of Grant, the weighted average trading price of the Shares for the previous five days on which the shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange); or (ii) at the discretion of the Committee, the last reported selling price of a Share on the New York Stock Exchange as reported in the Wall Street Journal on the Date of Grant of the Option (for the avoidance of doubt, if there were no trades on the Date of Grant, the weighted average trading price of the Shares for the previous five days on which the shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange); (iii) if paragraphs (i) or (ii) do not apply, the market value of a Share as determined in accordance with Part VIII of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 and agreed in advance with the Inland Revenue Shares Valuation Division on the Date of Grant of the Option or such earlier date or dates as may be agreed with the Board of Inland Revenue; A3 (b) in the case of an option granted under any other share option scheme, the market value of an ordinary share in the capital of the Company determined under the rules of such scheme for the purpose of the grant of the option; Material Interest the meaning given to that expression by section 187(3) of ICTA 1988;vii Notification of Grant of Option Option Option Holder the notification issued in respect of the grant of an option; a subsisting right to acquire Shares granted under the Sub-Plan; an individual who holds an Option or, where the context permits, his legal personal representatives; Ordinary Share Capital the meaning given to that expression by section 832(1) of ICTA 1988; and Participating Company the Company or a Subsidiary over which the Company has Control unless such Subsidiary has been excluded from participation by the Committee; Subsidiary the meaning given to that word in section 736 of the Companies Act 1985; 7.2 In this schedule, unless the context otherwise requires: 7.2.1 words and expressions not defined above have the same meanings as are given to them in the Plan; 7.2.2 the rule headings are inserted for ease of reference only and do not affect their interpretation; 7.2.3 a reference to a rule is a reference to a rule in this schedule; 7.2.4 the singular includes the plural and vice-versa and the masculine includes the feminine; and A4 7.2.5 a reference to a statutory provision is a reference to a United Kingdom statutory provision and includes any statutory modification, amendment or re-enactment thereof. 8. Companies participating in Sub-Plan For the avoidance of doubt reference in the Plan to participation by a Designated Affiliated Entity of the Company shall be disregarded for the purposes of the Sub-Plan. 9. Shares used in Sub-Plan The Shares shall form part of the Ordinary Share Capital of the Company and shall at all times comply with the requirements of paragraphs 10 to 14 of Schedule 9 to ICTA 1988.viii 10. Grant of Options An option granted under the Sub-Plan shall be granted under and subject to the rules of the Plan as modified by this schedule. 11. Identification of Options A Notification of Grant of Option issued in respect of an Option shall expressly state that it is issued in respect of an Option. An option which is not so identified shall not constitute an Option. 12. Contents of Notification of Grant of Option A Notification of Grant of Option issued in respect of an Option shall state: a) that it is issued in respect of an Option; b) the Date of Grant of the Option; c) the number of Shares subject to the Option; d) the exercise price of the Shares under Option; e) any performance target or other condition imposed on the exercise of the Option; and f) the date(s) on which the Option will ordinarily become exercisable. 13. Earliest date for grant of Options An Option may not be granted earlier than the Approval Date. A5 14. Persons to whom Options may be granted An Option may not be granted to an individual who is not an Eligible Employee at the Date of Grant. For the avoidance of doubt, and notwithstanding sections 1, 2.1(h) and 2.1(w)(iii) of the Plan an Option may not be granted under the Sub-Plan to a Consultant. 15. Options non transferable An Option shall be personal to the Eligible Employee to whom it is granted and shall not be capable of being transferred, charged or otherwise alienated and shall lapse immediately if the Option Holder purports to transfer, charge or otherwise alienate the Option. The reference in section 3.6 of the Plan to transfers of Options to a spouse, a personal holding company or family trust controlled by a Participant and the reference to Beneficiaries in section 2.1(b) of the Plan shall be disapplied for the purposes of the Sub-Plan. 16. Limit on number of Shares placed under Option under Sub-Plan For the avoidance of doubt, Shares placed under Option under the Sub-Plan shall be taken into account for the purpose of section 3.2 of the Plan. 17. Inland Revenue limit (£30,000) An Option may not be granted to an Eligible Employee if the result of granting the Option would be that the aggregate Market Value of the shares subject to all outstanding options granted to him under the Sub-Plan or any other share option scheme established by the Company or an Associated Company and approved by the Board of Inland Revenue under Schedule 9 to ICTA 1988 (other than a savings related share option scheme) would exceed sterling £30,000 or such other limit as may from time to time be specified in paragraph 28 of Schedule 9 to ICTA 1988ix. For this purpose, the United Kingdom sterling equivalent of the Market Value of a Share on any day shall be determined by taking the noon day sterling/US dollar exchange rate for that day as quoted by the Bank of Canada. 18. Exercise price of Shares under Option The amount payable per Share on the exercise of an Option shall not be less than the Market Value of a Share on the Date of Grant and shall be stated on the Date of Grant. 19. Performance target or other condition imposed on exercise of Option Any performance target or other condition imposed on the exercise of an Option under section 6.3 of the Plan shall be: A6 19.1 objective; 19.2 such that, once satisfied, the exercise of the Option is not subject to the discretion of any person; and 19.3 stated on the Date of Grant. If an event occurs as a result of which the Committee considers that a performance target or other condition imposed on the exercise of an Option is no longer appropriate and substitutes, varies or waives under section 3.4 of the Plan the performance target or condition, such substitution, variation or waiver shall: 19.4 be reasonable in the circumstances; and 19.5 produce a fairer measure of performance and be neither materially more nor less difficult to satisfy. 20. Exercise of Options by leavers The period during which an Option shall remain exercisable following termination of employment shall be as stated in the Notification of Grant of Option or in the absence of any stated period therein shall be as set out in section 7.3 of the Plan, except that the reference in section 7.3 of the Plan to “unless the Company at any time otherwise determines” shall be disapplied for the purposes of the Sub-Plan. 21. Latest date for exercise of Options The period during which an Option shall remain exercisable shall be stated in the Notification of Grant of Option and any Option not exercised by that time shall lapse immediately. 22. Material Interest An Option may not be exercised if the Option Holder then has, or has had within the preceding twelve months, a Material Interest in a Close Company which is the Company or which is a company which has Control of the Company or which is a member of a Consortium which owns the Company. 23. Manner of payment for Shares on exercise of Options The amount due on the exercise of an Option shall be paid in cash or by cheque or banker’s draft and may be paid out of funds provided to the Option Holder on loan by a bank, broker or other person. For the avoidance of doubt, the exercise procedure in section 7.5 of the Plan shall be disapplied for the purposes of the Sub-Plan if this involves a broker transferring to the Company the sale proceeds of optioned Shares. The date of A7 exercise of an Option shall be the date on which the Company receives the amount due on the exercise of the Option. 24. Issue or transfer of Shares on exercise of Options The Company shall, as soon as reasonably practicable after the date of exercise of an Option, issue or transfer to the Option Holder, or procure the issue or transfer to the Option Holder of, the number of Shares specified in the notice of exercise and shall deliver to the Option Holder, or procure the delivery to the Option Holder of, a share certificate in respect of such Shares together with, in the case of the partial exercise of an Option, a Notification of Grant of Option in respect of, or the original Notification of Grant of Option endorsed to show, the unexercised part of the Option, subject only to compliance by the Option Holder with the rules of the Sub-Plan and subject to any delay as necessary to complete or obtain: 24.1 the listing of the Shares on any stock exchange on which Shares are then listed; 24.2 such registration or other qualification of the Shares under any applicable law, rule or regulation as the Company determines is necessary or desirable; or 24.3 the making of provision for the payment or withholding of any taxes required to be withheld in accordance with the applicable law of any foreign jurisdiction in respect of the exercise of the Option or the receipt of the Shares 25. Rights attaching to Shares issued on exercise of Options All Shares issued on the exercise of an Option shall, as to any voting, dividend, transfer and other rights, including those arising on a liquidation of the Company, rank equally in all respects and as one class with the Shares in issue at the date of such exercise save as regards any rights attaching to such Shares by reference to a record date prior to the date of such exercise. Reference in section 6.4(b)(iii) of the Plan to imposing restrictions of the re-sale of Shares acquired on the exercise of Options shall be disapplied to the extent that these do not apply to all share of the same class or not otherwise permitted by paragraph 12(2) of Schedule 9 to ICTA. 26. Amendment of Sub-Plan Notwithstanding section 3.4 of the Plan, no amendment of the Sub-Plan, shall take effect until it has been approved by the Inland Revenue. 27. Adjustment of Options Notwithstanding section 9.1 of the Plan, no adjustment may be made to an Option until it has been approved by the Inland Revenue. A8 28. Exercise of discretion by Committee In exercising any discretion which it may have under the Sub-Plan, the Committee shall act fairly and reasonably. 29. Disapplication of certain provisions of Plan The provisions of the Plan dealing with: a) Rights; b) Share Units; and c) loans to Participants shall not form part of, and no such rights may be granted under, the Sub-Plan. Notes i The Company is the “grantor” as defined in paragraph 1 of Schedule 9 to ICTA 1988 because it has established the Sub-Plan. In most cases, it will also be the Company which grants options under the Sub-Plan, although this is not a requirement of UK tax legislation. ii A company is treated as another’s “associated company” at a given time if, at that time or at any other time within one year previously, one of the two has control of the other, or both are under the control of the same person or persons. A person is taken to have control of a company if he exercises, or is able to exercise or is entitled to acquire, direct or indirect control over the company’s affairs and, in particular, if he possesses or is entitled to acquire the greater part of the company’s issued share capital or the voting power in the company. UK tax legislation contains two definitions of control: the definition of control here is different from that in paragraph 4 below. iii A close company is a company which is under the control (as defined in paragraph 1 above) of five or fewer participators (eg shareholders) or of any number of participators who are directors. There are attributed to a participator all the rights and powers (eg shares, voting power) of, inter alia, a company which he controls or of an “associate” (eg relative) of his. Ordinarily, a company is excluded from being a close company if it is non UK resident or 35% of the voting power in the company is held by the public and its shares have been listed, and the subject of dealings, on a recognised stock exchange within the preceding 12 months. However, for the purpose of the material interest test (see paragraph 5 below), this exclusion does not apply with the result that the normal definition of a “close company” is extended. iv A company is a member of a consortium owning another company if it is one of a number of companies which between them beneficially own not less than three-quarters of the other company’s ordinary share capital and each of which beneficially owns not less than one-twentieth of that capital. v Control means the power of a person to secure: (a) by means of the holding of shares or the possession of voting power in or in relation to that or any other body corporate; or (b) by virtue of any powers conferred by the articles of association or other document regulating that or any other body corporate that the affairs of the first-mentioned body corporate are conducted in accordance with the wishes of that person. vi The expression “recognised stock exchange” is defined in section 841 of ICTA 1988. “Recognised stock exchange” means the London Stock Exchange Limited and any stock exchange outside the UK which has been designated by the Inland Revenue as a recognised stock exchange. This includes, inter alia, the New York Stock A9 Exchange, NASDAQ and any exchange registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission as a national securities exchange. However, clearance is required from the Shares Valuation Division before the NASDAQ price may be used to determine the market price of a NASDAQ listed share. vii A person has a material interest in a company if he, either on his own or with one or more associates, or if any associate of his with or without such other associates: (a) is the beneficial owner of, or able, directly or through the medium of other companies, or by any other indirect means to control, more than 10 per cent of the ordinary share capital of the company; or (b) where the company is a close company, possesses, or is entitled to acquire, such rights as would, in the event of the winding-up of the company or in any other circumstances, give an entitlement to receive more than 10 per cent of the assets which would then be available for distribution among the participators. viii The shares used in the scheme must be: (a) ordinary shares; (b) fully paid up; (c) not redeemable; and (d) save for certain limited exceptions, not subject to any restrictions which do not apply to all shares of the same class. The shares used in the scheme must be: (a) of a class listed on a recognised stock exchange; or (b) shares in a company which is not under the control of another company; or (c) shares in a company which is under the control of another company (other than a company which is, or would if resident in the UK be, a close company) whose shares are listed on a recognised stock exchange. The shares used in the scheme form part of the ordinary share capital of: (a) the grantor (ie the company which has established the scheme); or (b) a company which has control of the grantor; or (c) a company which either is, or has control of, a company which is a member of a consortium owning either the grantor or a company having control of the grantor. Where the company whose shares are to be used in a scheme has more than one class of ordinary share, the majority of the issued shares of the same class as those which are to be used must be either employee control shares (see below) or: (a) must not be held by persons (including trustees holding shares on behalf of such persons) who acquired their shares in pursuance of a right conferred on them or opportunity offered to them as directors or employees of any company, and not in pursuance of an offer to the public; and (b) if the shares are not listed on a recognised stock exchange and the company is under the control of another company whose shares are so listed, must not be held by companies which have control of the company whose shares are in question or of which that company is an associated company. Shares are employee control shares if: (a) the persons holding them are, by virtue of their holding of shares of that class, together able to control the company; and (b) those persons are, or have been, employees or directors of the company or of another company which is under the control of the company. ix UK tax legislation imposes a limit (currently £30,000) on the “value” of the outstanding options which may be held by an individual participant in an Inland Revenue approved executive share option scheme. A10 Exhibit 4.8 CELESTICA INC. CELESTICA SHARE UNIT PLAN December 9, 2004 As amended and restated as of July 26, 2006, July 26, 2007, April 19, 2011, January 29, 2014, July 22, 2015 and October 19, 2015 CELESTICA INC. CELESTICA SHARE UNIT PLAN 1. PURPOSE 1.1 This Share Unit Plan has been established by the Company to provide incentives to certain of its employees and consultants and its directors, to foster a responsible balance between short term and long term results, and to build and maintain a strong spirit of performance and entrepreneurship. 2. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION 2.1 In this Share Unit Plan, the following terms have the following meanings: “Applicable Law” means any applicable provision of law, domestic or foreign, including, without limitation, the Securities Act (Ontario), the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the U.S. Securities Exchange Act 1934, as amended, together with all regulations, rules, policy statements, rulings, notices, orders or other instruments promulgated thereunder and Stock Exchange Rules; “Beneficiary” means any person designated by the Participant by written instrument filed with the Company to receive any amount, securities or property payable under the Plan in the event of a Participant’s death or, failing any such effective designation, the Participant’s estate; “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company; “Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following after the date hereof: (i) the acquisition by any person (or more than one person acting as a group) of beneficial ownership of securities of the Company which, directly or following conversion or exercise thereof, would entitle the holder thereof to cast more than 50% of the votes attaching to all securities of the Company which may be cast to elect directors of the Company, other than the additional acquisition of securities by a person beneficially owning such number of securities on the date hereof; (ii) a majority of the Directors are replaced during any twelve-month period by Directors whose appointment or election was not endorsed by a majority of the Directors before the date of the appointment or election, including, without limitation, as a consequence of the solicitation of proxies through a proxy circular by persons other than management; or (iii) the consummation of an amalgamation, arrangement, merger or other consolidation of the Company with another company or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to another company pursuant to which, and such that, all the persons who, immediately prior to such consummation, beneficially owned all of the securities of the Company which could be cast to elect directors of the Company, immediately thereafter do not beneficially own securities of the successor or continuing company or company acquiring the assets which would entitle such persons, directly or following conversion or exercise thereof, to cast more than 50% of the votes attaching to all securities of such company which may be cast to elect directors of that company; “Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986; “Committee” means the committee of the Board, as constituted from time to time, which may be appointed by the Board to, inter alia, interpret, administer and implement the Plan, and includes any successor committee appointed by the Board for such purposes; “Company” means Celestica Inc. and its respective successors and assigns, and any reference in the Plan to action by the Company means action by or under the authority of the Board or any person or committee that has been designated for the purpose by the Company including, without limitation, the Committee; “Consultant” means a consultant as defined in the Rule excluding investor relations persons and associated consultants as defined in the Rule; “Date of Grant” of a Share Unit means the date the Share Unit is granted to a Participant under the Plan; “Designated Affiliated Entity” means a person (including a trust or a partnership) or company in which the Company has a significant investment and which the Company designates as such for the purposes of this Plan; “Director” means a member of the Board; “Fiscal Year” means the financial year of the Company; “Grant” means a PSU Grant or a RSU Grant; “including” means including without limitation; “Incumbent Director” means any member of the Board who was a member of the Board immediately prior to the occurrence of a transaction, transactions or elections giving rise to a Change in Control (other than a transaction approved by the Board) and any successor to an Incumbent Director who is recommended or 2 elected or appointed to succeed an Incumbent Director by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board; “Independent Broker” means a registered broker which is independent under Stock Exchange Rules; “Market Price” shall mean the weighted average price per Share (or the mean of the closing bid and ask prices, if not traded) on the TSX or NYSE, as selected by the Company on the Date of Grant, during the period five trading days preceding the date of the determination; “NYSE” means The New York Stock Exchange; “Participant” means (i) a Director, (ii) a permanent employee of the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity, or (iii) a Consultant of the Company, a Subsidiary, or a Designated Affiliated Entity, who has been designated by the Company for participation in the Plan and who has agreed to participate in the Plan on such terms as the Company may specify; “Performance Criteria” means conditions in respect of such financial, business, and/or personal performance criteria as may be determined by the Company in respect of a Grant of PSUs to any Participant or Participants. Performance Criteria may be applied to either the Company and its Subsidiaries as a whole or to a Subsidiary, a Designated Affiliated Entity or a business unit or a group of the Company and selected Subsidiaries, either individually, alternatively or in any combination, and measured either in total, incrementally or cumulatively over a specified period, on an absolute basis or relative to a pre-established target, to previous years’ results or to a designated comparison group and may include: (i) the market value of the Shares; (ii) the return to holders of Shares, with or without reference to other comparable companies; (iii) the financial performance or results of the Company, a Subsidiary, a Designated Affiliated Entity or a business unit thereof, and the Performance Criteria may relate to all or a portion of the PSUs in a Grant and may be graduated such that different percentages (which may be greater or lesser than 100%) of the PSUs in a Grant will become Vested depending on the extent of satisfaction of one or more such conditions; 3 “PSU Grant” means a grant to a Participant, under this Plan pursuant to Article 5, of PSUs determined with reference to a notional dollar amount; “PSU” means a unit allocated to a Participant under this Plan in accordance with Article 5, the Vesting terms of which will be specified and identified at the Date of Grant and include the achievement of certain Performance Criteria specified on the Date of Grant; “Plan” means this Share Unit Plan, as amended and restated from time to time; “Release Date” means, for a Grant, the date or dates on which Vested Share Units shall be satisfied in the form of Shares or cash; “Reorganization” means any (i) capital reorganization, (ii) merger, (iii) amalgamation, (iv) offer for shares of the Company which if successful would entitle the offeror to acquire all of the shares of the Company or all of one or more particular class(es) of shares of the Company to which the offer relates, (v) sale of a material portion of the assets of the Company, or (vi) arrangement or other scheme of reorganization; “RSU” means a unit allocated to a Participant, under this Plan in accordance with Article 5, the Vesting terms of which will be specified and identified at the Date of Grant and which do not include the achievement of Performance Criteria; “Retirement” means, with respect to any Participant, when: (i) the Participant is no longer an employee as a result of a voluntary resignation or as a result of a termination action by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity on a not for cause basis; (ii) the Participant has completed his or her last day of employment with the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity, as applicable; and (iii) either: (A) the sum of the Participant’s age and years of service equals 65 provided that the Participant’s age shall be at least 55 years and that the Participant has been employed for a minimum of five years; or (B) the Participant has 30 years of service or more; and for greater certainty, a Participant who is no longer an employee by reason of death or as a result of termination action by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity on a for cause basis shall not be eligible for Retirement treatment under the Plan; 4 “RSU Grant” means a grant to a Participant, under this Plan pursuant to Article 5, of RSUs determined with reference to a notional dollar amount; “Rule” means Part 2, Division 4 of National Instrument 45-106 - Prospectus and Registration Exemptions, as it may be amended or replaced; “Share Unit” means a RSU or a PSU; “Share Unit Grant Agreement” has the meaning set forth in section 5.2; “Shares” means the Subordinate Voting Shares in the capital of the Company, and includes any shares of the Company into which such shares may be converted, reclassified, redesignated, subdivided, consolidated, exchanged or otherwise changed, pursuant to a Reorganization or otherwise; “Stock Exchange Rules” means the applicable rules of any stock exchange upon which shares of the Company are listed; “Subsidiary” means a subsidiary of the Company as defined by the Business Corporations Act (Ontario); “TSX” means The Toronto Stock Exchange; “Vested” (or any applicable derivative term) shall mean, with respect to a Grant, that the applicable conditions with respect to continued employment, passage of time, achievement of Performance Criteria and/or any other conditions established by the Committee have been satisfied or, to the extent permitted under the Plan, waived, whether or not the Participant’s rights with respect to such Grant may be conditioned upon prior or subsequent compliance with any confidentiality, non-competition or non-solicitation obligations; “Withholding Obligations” means any federal, provincial, state or local law relating to withholding of tax or other required deductions, including the amount, if any, includable in the income of a Participant; and “Year” in respect of a Share Unit means a calendar year commencing on the Date of Grant of the Share Unit or on any anniversary of such date. 2.2 In this Plan, unless the context requires otherwise, words importing the singular number may be construed to extend to and include the plural number, and words importing the plural number may be construed to extend to and include the singular number. 2.3 This Plan is established under the laws of the Province of Ontario and the rights of all parties and the construction of each and every provision of the Plan and any Share Units granted hereunder shall be construed according to the laws of the Province of Ontario. 5 3. GENERAL 3.1 The transfer of an employee from the Company to a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity, from a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity to the Company, or from one Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity to another Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity, shall not be considered a termination of employment for the purposes of the Plan, nor shall it be considered a termination of employment if a Participant is placed on such other leave of absence which is considered by the Company as continuing intact the employment relationship; in such a case, the employment relationship shall be continued until the later of the date when the leave equals ninety days or the date when a Participant’s right to reemployment shall no longer be guaranteed either by law or by contract, except that in the event active employment is not renewed at the end of the leave of absence, the employment relationship shall be deemed to have ceased at the beginning of the leave of absence. 3.2 No Shares may be issued from the treasury of the Company under this Plan. 3.3 Subject to any Applicable Law, the Company will acquire issued and outstanding Shares in the market for the purposes of satisfying its obligation to provide Shares to Participants under the Plan. If it does so, the Company shall utilize the services of an Independent Broker. 3.4 From time to time the Company may, in addition to its powers under the Plan, add to or amend any of the provisions of the Plan or terminate the Plan or amend the terms of any Share Unit granted under the Plan; provided, however, that (i) any approvals required under any Applicable Law or Stock Exchange Rules are obtained, and (ii) no such amendment or termination shall be made at any time which has the effect of adversely affecting the existing rights of a Participant under the Plan without his or her consent in writing unless the Company, at its option, acquires such existing rights at an amount equal to the fair market value of such rights at such time as verified by an independent valuator. 3.5 The determination by the Company of any question which may arise as to the interpretation or implementation of the Plan or any of the Share Units granted hereunder shall be final and binding on all Participants and other persons claiming or deriving rights through any of them. 3.6 The Plan shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company, its successors and assigns. The interest of any Participant under the Plan or in any Unit shall not be transferable or alienable by him or her either by pledge, assignment or in any other manner, except to a spouse or a personal holding company or family trust controlled by a Participant, the shareholders or beneficiaries of which, as the case may be, are any combination of the Participant, the Participant’s spouse, the Participant’s minor children or the Participant’s minor grandchildren, and after his or her lifetime shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Participant’s Beneficiary. 3.7 The Company’s obligation to provide Shares in accordance with the terms of the Plan and any Share Units granted hereunder is subject to compliance with Applicable Law applicable to the distribution of such Shares. As a condition of participating in the Plan, each Participant agrees to comply with all such Applicable Law and agrees to furnish to the Company 6 all information and undertakings as may be required to permit compliance with such Applicable Law. 3.8 The Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity may withhold from any amount payable to a Participant, either under this Plan, or otherwise, such amount as may be necessary so as to ensure that the Company, the Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity will be able to comply with the applicable provisions of any Withholding Obligations. The Company shall also have the right in its discretion to satisfy any liability for any Withholding Obligations by selling, or causing a broker to sell, on behalf of any Participant or causing any Participant to sell such number of Shares issued or provided to the Participant sufficient to fund the Withholding Obligations (after deducting any commissions payable to the broker), or retaining any amount payable which would otherwise be delivered, provided or paid to the Participant hereunder. The Company may require a Participant, as a condition to being provided Shares hereunder, to make such arrangements as the Company may require so that the Company can satisfy applicable Withholding Obligations on terms and conditions determined by the Company in its sole discretion, including, without limitation, requiring the Participant to (i) remit the amount of any such Withholding Obligations to the Company in advance; (ii) reimburse the Company for any such Withholding Obligations; or (iii) cause a broker who sells Shares acquired by the Participant under the Plan on behalf of the Participant to withhold from the proceeds realized from such sale the amount required to satisfy any such Withholding Obligations and to remit such amount directly to the Company. 3.9 A Participant shall not have the right or be entitled to exercise any voting rights, receive dividends or have or be entitled to any other rights as a shareholder in respect of any Share Units unless and until satisfied in the form of Shares. 3.10 Neither designation of an employee as a Participant nor the grant of any Share Units to any Participant entitles any Participant to the grant, or any additional grant, as the case may be, of any Share Units under the Plan. Neither the Plan nor any action taken thereunder shall interfere with the right of the employer of a Participant to terminate a Participant’s employment at any time. Neither the period of notice, if any, nor any payment in lieu thereof, upon termination of employment shall be considered as extending the period of employment for the purposes of the Plan. 3.11 No member of the Board or the Committee shall be liable for any action or determination made in good faith in connection with the Plan and members of the Board and the Committee shall be entitled to indemnification and reimbursement from the Company in respect of any claim relating thereto. 3.12 Participation in the Plan shall be entirely voluntary and any decision not to participate shall not affect any employee’s employment with, or any Consultant’s engagement by, the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity. 3.13 If any provision of this Plan is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision or part thereof and the remaining part, if any, of such provision and all other provisions hereof shall continue in full force and effect. 7 3.14 Neither the establishment of the Plan nor the grant of any Share Units or the setting aside of any funds by the Company (if, in its sole discretion, it chooses to do so) shall be deemed to create a trust. Legal and equitable title to any funds set aside for the purposes of the Plan shall remain in the Company and no Participant shall have any security or other interest in such funds. Any funds so set aside shall remain subject to the claims of creditors of the Company present or future. Amounts payable to any Participant under the Plan shall be a general, unsecured obligation of the Company. The right of the Participant or Beneficiary to receive payment pursuant to the Plan shall be no greater than the right of other unsecured creditors of the Company. 3.15 This Plan is hereby instituted as of the 9th day of December, 2004. 4. ADMINISTRATION 4.1 The Plan shall be administered by the Company in accordance with its provisions. All costs and expenses of administering the Plan will be paid by the Company, but the Company shall not be responsible for the payment of any fees or expenses in respect of the re-sale by a Participant of Shares acquired by him or her under the Plan. The Company, may from time to time, establish administrative rules and regulations and prescribe forms or documents relating to the operation of the Plan as it may deem necessary to implement or further the purpose of the Plan and amend or repeal such rules and regulations or forms or documents. The Company, in its discretion, may appoint a Committee for the purpose of interpreting, administering and implementing the Plan. In administering the Plan, the Company or the Committee may seek recommendations from the chief executive officer of the Company. The Company may also delegate to the Committee or any director, officer or employee of the Company such duties and powers, relating to the Plan as it may see fit. The Company may also appoint or engage a trustee, custodian or administrator to administer or implement the Plan. 4.2 The Company shall keep or cause to be kept such records and accounts as may be necessary or appropriate in connection with the administration of the Plan and the discharge of its duties. At such times as the Company shall determine, the Company shall furnish the Participant with a statement setting forth the details of his or her Share Units, including Date of Grant and the number and type of Share Units held by each Participant. Such statement shall be deemed to have been accepted by the Participant as correct unless written notice to the contrary is given to the Company within 30 days after such statement is given to the Participant. 4.3 (a) Any payment, notice, statement, certificate or other instrument required or permitted to be given to a Participant or any person claiming or deriving any rights through him or her shall be given by: (i) delivering it personally to the Participant or to the person claiming or deriving rights through him or her, as the case may be, or (ii) mailing it postage paid (provided that the postal service is then in operation) or delivering it to the address which is maintained for the Participant in the Company’s personnel records or (other than 8 in the case of a payment) sending it by means of facsimile or similar means of electronic transmission (including e-mail). (b) Any payment, notice, statement, certificate or other instrument required or permitted to be given to the Company shall be given by mailing it postage paid (provided that the postal service is then in operation), delivering it to the Company at its principal address, or (other than in the case of a payment) sending it by means of facsimile or similar means of electronic transmission (including e-mail), to the attention of the Company Secretary. (c) Any payment, notice, statement, certificate or other instrument referred to in section 4.3(a) or 4.3(b), if delivered, shall be deemed to have been given or delivered on the date on which it was delivered, if mailed (provided that the postal service is then in operation), shall be deemed to have been given or delivered on the second business day following the date on which it was mailed and if by facsimile or similar means of electronic transmission, on the next business day following transmission. 5. GRANTS AND ALLOCATION OF SHARE UNITS 5.1 The Company may, in its sole discretion, determine whether Grants will be made to a particular Participant, the notional dollar amount of any such Grant, the Vesting conditions and Release Dates for the Grant and whether the Grant will be a PSU Grant or a RSU Grant. In making such determinations, the Company may take into account such criteria as it deems appropriate, including the Participant’s: (i) level of responsibility; (ii) rate of compensation; (iii) individual performance and contribution; and/or (iv) agreement to become a permanent employee of the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity. 5.2 On the Date of Grant, each Participant who receives a Grant shall be allocated Share Units reflecting such Grant. The Company will provide to the Participant a Share Unit Grant Agreement setting out the terms of the Grant contemplated by section 5.1. 5.3 The number of Share Units to be allocated to a particular Participant shall be obtained by dividing the amount of the Grant of such Participant by the closing price of the Shares on the trading day preceding the Date of Grant on the TSX or NYSE, as selected by the Company on the Date of Grant. Each such Share Unit shall represent the right to receive, subject to Vesting, one Share or a cash payment at the time, in the manner and subject to the restrictions set forth in this Plan. 5.4 Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Company may determine other terms or conditions of any Share Units, including (a) restrictions on the re-sale of Shares acquired under the Plan; (b) conditions relating to non-competition, non-solicitation and confidentiality; and 9 (c) any other terms and conditions the Company may in its discretion determine. 5.5 No certificates shall be issued with respect to such Grants or Share Units, but the Company shall maintain records in the name of each Participant showing the number and type of Share Units to which such Participant is entitled in accordance with this Plan. 6. PAYMENT OF PSUs AND RSUs 6.1 Subject to Articles 7 and 8, and unless otherwise determined by the Company at the Date of Grant, the Share Units may be satisfied in the form of Shares or cash, at the Company’s option, in each case to the extent Vested in accordance with the Vesting conditions for the Grant as determined under Article 5. 6.2 Subject to Articles 7 and 8, and unless otherwise determined by the Company at the Date of Grant, RSUs and PSUs may be satisfied in the form of Shares or cash, on such date as determined by the Company in its sole discretion, which date shall be on or in no event later than 90 days, following the applicable Release Date(s) for the Grant, as determined under Article 5, subject to the provisions of section 3.8 relating to withholding obligations. 7. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND FORFEITURES 7.1 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity for any reason other than death, long-term disability, Retirement or termination without cause, there shall be forfeited as of such termination of employment all Share Units as have not been satisfied in the form of Shares or cash in accordance with the Plan. No cash or other compensation shall at any time be paid in lieu of any such Share Units which have been forfeited under this Plan. 7.2 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be an employee of the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliated Entity by reason of death or long-term disability, the Participant’s right to be paid in respect of RSUs in a Grant previously granted to the Participant will be prorated based on the ratio of (a) the number of days of employment completed by the Participant between the Date of Grant of the RSUs and the date of death or long-term disability bears to (b) the number of days between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for such Share Units. Such payment shall be satisfied in the form of Shares or cash to the Participant or his or her Beneficiary, as applicable, and paid on a date as determined in the sole discretion of the Company which date shall be on or in no event later than 90 days after such termination event. 7.3 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant’s employment with the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliate is terminated without cause, the Participant’s right to be paid in respect of any RSUs in a Grant previously granted to the Participant will be prorated based on the ratio of (a) the number of full years (with no credit for partial years) of employment completed by the Participant between the Date of Grant of the RSUs and termination of employment bears to (b) the number of full years, whether calendar or fiscal, between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for such Share Units. Such 10 payment shall be satisfied in the form of Shares or cash and paid on a date as determined in the sole discretion of the Company within 90 days after such termination of employment. 7.4 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant’s employment with the Company, a Subsidiary or a Designated Affiliate is terminated without cause, the PSUs in a Grant of such Participant shall Vest on the scheduled Release Date based on the achievement of the performance level specified in the conditions attaching to the Grant of the PSUs. The number of Shares to which the Participant is entitled in respect thereof will be prorated based on the ratio of (a) the number of full years (with no credit for partial years) of employment completed by the Participant between the Date of Grant of the PSUs and termination of employment bears to (b) the number of full years, whether calendar or fiscal, between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for such Share Units. Payment with respect to such PSUs shall otherwise be made at the time specified in section 6.2 hereof. 7.5 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity by reason of death, the PSUs in a Grant of such Participant shall Vest as if the median level of performance specified in the conditions attaching to the Grant of the PSUs had been achieved as of the date of death but the number of Shares to which the Participant is entitled in respect thereof shall be prorated based on the number of days of completed employment from the Date of Grant for the PSUs to the date of death as a percentage of the total number of days between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for the PSUs. Such Shares or cash shall be distributed on a date determined in the sole discretion of the Company within 90 days after the date of death. 7.6 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity by reason of Retirement or long-term disability, Vesting for PSUs in a Grant shall be determined on the scheduled Release Date for such PSUs on the basis of the actual performance achieved during the period specified for the Grant by the Company. The number of Shares to which the Participant shall be entitled to in respect thereof shall be prorated based on the number of days of completed employment from the Date of Grant for the PSUs to the date of Retirement or long-term disability as a percentage of the total number of days between the Date of Grant and the scheduled Release Date for the PSUs and shall be paid at the time specified in section 6.2 hereof. 7.7 Unless otherwise determined by the Company at any time, if a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity by reason of Retirement, RSUs that have not been satisfied as of the date of Retirement shall vest on the scheduled Release Date and shall be paid at the time specified in section 6.2 hereof. 7.8 Notwithstanding Articles 5 and 7, if there is a Change of Control, and a Participant ceases to be employed by the Company, a Subsidiary or Designated Affiliated Entity, by reason of a termination without cause, either (x) within six months preceding the Change of Control, following public disclosure of a transaction, which, if completed, would give rise to a Change of Control, or (y) the one year following the Change of Control, the Participant’s Share Units shall be fully Vested on, and the Release Date for all Share Units shall be, the later of (a) the date of the Change of Control and (b) the date of termination of the Participant’s 11 employment. For this purpose, for PSUs, the number of Share Units shall be determined on the basis that the target level of performance specified for Vesting in the conditions attaching to the Grant of PSUs had been achieved as at the date of the Change of Control. 7.9 This Plan is intended to comply in all respects with, or be exempt from, Section 409A of the Code. The foregoing notwithstanding, in no event whatsoever shall the Company or any of its affiliates be liable for any additional tax, interest or penalty that may be imposed on a Participant by Section 409A of the Code or damages for failing to comply with Section 409A of the Code. In case any one or more provisions of this Plan needs to be interpreted to comply with, or be exempt from, Section 409A of the Code, then such provision shall be so interpreted. If at the time of a Participant’s termination of employment with the Company, the Participant is a “specified employee” as defined in Section 409A of the Code as determined by the Company in accordance with Section 409A of the Code, and the deferral of the commencement of any payments or benefits otherwise payable hereunder as a result of such termination of employment is necessary in order to prevent any accelerated or additional tax under Section 409A of the Code, then the Company will defer the commencement of the payment of any such payments or benefits hereunder (without any reduction in payments or benefits ultimately paid or provided to the Participant) until the date that is at least six (6) months following the Participant’s termination of employment with the Company (or the earliest date permitted under Section 409A of the Code). 8. FRACTIONAL SHARE UNITS AND SHARES 8.1 Where, under section 5.3, the number of Share Units allocated would result in a fractional Share Unit, the number of Share Units shall be rounded down to the next whole number of Share Units. No fractional Shares shall be provided nor shall cash be paid at any time in lieu of any such fractional interest. Where the Vesting of Share Units would result in a fractional Share, the number of Shares to be issued or provided shall be rounded down to the next whole number of Shares. 8.2 If so determined by the Company, in lieu of the provision of Shares in respect of Vested Share Units, the Company may, at its option, satisfy its obligation to provide Shares under the Plan, in whole or in part, by the payment of a cash amount to a Participant on the Release Date. The amount of such payment shall be equal to the number of Shares in respect of which the Company makes such a determination, multiplied by the closing price of the Shares on the trading day before the Release Date on the TSX or the NYSE, as selected by the Company, subject to any applicable withholding tax. 9. CHANGES IN SHARE CAPITAL 9.1 If the number of outstanding Shares shall be increased or decreased as a result of a stock split, consolidation, subdivision, reclassification or recapitalization and not as a result of the issuance of Shares for additional consideration or by way of a stock dividend in the ordinary course, the Company may make appropriate adjustments to the number of Share Units granted to each Participant. Any determinations by the Company as to the adjustments shall be made in its sole discretion and all such adjustments shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes under this Plan. 12 10. REORGANIZATION 10.1 In the event of a Reorganization or proposed Reorganization, the Company, at its option, may, subject to Stock Exchange Rules, do either of the following: (a) irrevocably commute for or into any other security or other property or cash any unsatisfied Share Unit held by a Participant upon giving to such Participant at least 30 days’ written notice of its intention to commute the Unit on a specified date, and during the period to such date, the Participant may elect to require the Company to distribute Shares to him or her equal to such unsatisfied Share Units, without regard to the limitations contained in Article 6, or (b) the Company, or any corporation which is or would be the successor to the Company or which may issue securities in exchange for Shares upon the Reorganization becoming effective, may offer any Participant in writing the opportunity to obtain the securities into which the Shares are changed or are convertible or exchangeable, on a basis proportionate to the number of unsatisfied Share Units held by such Participant or some other appropriate basis, or some other property. If a Participant accepts such offer, he or she shall be deemed to have released his or her rights relating to the Share Units and such Share Units shall be deemed to have terminated. For this purpose, the cash amount will be determined on the basis of being not less for each Share Unit than the Market Price, and, for PSUs, on the basis that the target level of performance for Vesting specified in the conditions attached to the Grant of PSUs has been achieved as at the date of the Change of Control. 10.2 The Company may specify in any notice or offer made under section 10.1, that, if for any reason, the Reorganization is not completed, the Company may revoke such notice or offer. The Company may exercise such right by further notice in writing to the Participant and the Share Unit shall thereafter continue to be allocated to the Participant in accordance with its terms. 10.3 Subsections (a) and (b) of section 10.1 are intended to be permissive and may be utilized independently or successively or in combination or otherwise, and nothing therein contained shall be construed as limiting or affecting the ability of the Company to deal with Share Units in any other manner. 13 CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT HAS BEEN REQUESTED FOR PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT. THE CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS HAVE BEEN REDACTED AND ARE DENOTED BY ASTERISKS IN BRACKETS[**]. THE CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS HAVE BEEN SEPARATELY FILED WITH THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. Exhibit 4.20 FIFTH AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED REVOLVING TRADE RECEIVABLES PURCHASE AGREEMENT AND ACCESSION AGREEMENT MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT made as of the 23rd day of November, 2015. BETWEEN: CELESTICA INC., (hereinafter referred to as the “Servicer”), - and - CELESTICA LLC, CELESTICA HOLDINGS PTE LTD, CELESTICA VALENCIA S.A. (SOCIEDAD UNIPERSONAL), CELESTICA HONG KONG LTD., CELESTICA (ROMANIA) S.R.L., CELESTICA JAPAN KK, CELESTICA OREGON LLC -and- CELESTICA ELECTRONICS (M.) SDN. BHD. (hereinafter referred to collectively as the “Sellers”), - and - CELESTICA IRELAND LIMITED (hereinafter referred to as “Celestica Ireland”), - and - CELESTICA INTERNATIONAL INC. (hereinafter referred to as “Celestica International”), - and - DEUTSCHE BANK (MALAYSIA) BERHAD (hereinafter referred to as “Purchaser”, and together with Deutsche Bank, as the “Purchasers”) - and - DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH, (hereinafter referred to as the “Administrative Agent” and “Deutsche Bank”). WHEREAS the Sellers, the Servicer, the Purchasers and the Administrative Agent are parties to an Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 4, 2011, as amended by the First Amendment, dated as of November 19, 2012; by the Second Amendment, dated as of January 2, 2013; by the Third Amendment, dated as of November 21, 2013 and by the Fourth Amendment, dated as of November 21, 2014 (as so amended, the “Receivables Purchase Agreement”); WHEREAS the Sellers, the Servicer, the Purchasers and the Administrative Agent now wish to further amend the Receivables Purchase Agreement by this Fifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement and Accession Agreement (this “Amending Agreement”); WHEREAS pursuant to Section 5.18(a) of the Receivables Purchase Agreement, the Servicer wishes to designate Celestica International and Celestica Ireland as New Sellers and the Required Purchasers hereby give their written consent to the addition of Celestica International and Celestica Ireland as Sellers under the Receivables Purchase Agreement for all purposes contemplated therein and the other Transaction Documents; WHEREAS, by execution and delivery of this Amending Agreement, Celestica International and Celestica Ireland agree to become party to the Receivables Purchase Agreement, in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth below; with the written consent of each of the Sellers, the Servicer, the Required Purchasers and the Administrative Agent; AND WHEREAS Section 9.1 of the Receivables Purchase Agreement permits written amendments thereto NOW THEREFORE THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSES that, in consideration of the premises, covenants and agreements of the parties herein contained and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged by each party, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 1. Defined Terms: All capitalized terms and expressions used and not otherwise defined in this Amending Agreement including in the recitals hereto shall have the meanings specified in the Receivables Purchase Agreement. 2. Accession to Receivables Purchase Agreement: Celestica International and Celestica Ireland hereby agree to become Sellers as contemplated by Section 5.18 of the Receivables Purchase Agreement, including with respect to the Obligations of a Seller 2 under Section 2.9 of the Receivables Purchase Agreement, with the same force and effect as if each were an original party to the Receivables Purchase Agreement. Celestica International and Celestica Ireland further agree that each shall individually be a “Seller” and each reference in the Receivables Purchase Agreement to the “Sellers” shall also include Celestica International and Celestica Ireland. 3. Amendments of Definitions in Section 1.1: (a) The definition of “Availability Termination Date” is amended and restated in its entirety as follows: “Availability Termination Date”: the earlier of (i) the date that is the eleventh anniversary of the Closing Date and (ii) the date on which the Administrative Agent delivers to the Servicer a notice of termination as a result of a Termination Event in accordance herewith (or the date on which such termination becomes effective automatically pursuant to Section 7).” (b) The definition of “Collection Accounts” is amended and restated in its entirety as follows: “Collection Accounts”: each of account Nos. 37566-57607 (maintained by Celestica LLC), 37566-84489 (maintained by Celestica LLC), 37566-843 53 (maintained by Celestica Hong Kong), 37566-84340 (maintained by Celestica Holdings), 23963-011 (maintained by Celestica Valencia), the Japanese Yen Collection Account (maintained by Celestica Japan), 4427214572 (maintained by Celestica Oregon), and 600849283013 (maintained by Celestica Romania) and 6209-27425-030 (maintained by Celestica Malaysia), 4451101651 (maintained by Celestica International) and 600849861041 (maintained by Celestica Ireland) in each case with Bank of America and each other account from time to time opened by a Seller and subject to the Lien of the Collection Account Pledge Agreement or, in the case of the Japanese Yen Collection Account subject to the Lien of the Japanese Yen Collection Account Pledge Agreement, or in the case of the Malaysian Collection Account subject to the Lien of the Malaysian Collection Account Pledge Agreement, provided that, except with respect to the Japanese Yen Collection Account and the Malaysian Collection Account, the relevant account bank shall have executed and delivered a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Security Deed, and in the case of the Japanese Yen Collection Account and the Malaysian Collection Account, the relevant account bank shall have acknowledged the notification comprising Annex 2 to the Japanese Yen Collection Account Pledge Agreement and to the Malaysian Collection Account Pledge Agreement, as the case may be, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and shall have taken such other measures as the Administrative Agent shall require to assure its security interest in such account.” (c) A new definition of “Fifth Amendment” is hereby included in the correct alphabetical order: 3 “Fifth Amendment”: the Fifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Revolving Trade Receivables Purchase Agreement and Accession Agreement, dated as of November 23, 2015, by and among the Servicer, the Sellers, Celestica International, Celestica Ireland, Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad and Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch.” (d) The following new definition is hereby included in the correct alphabetical order: “PPSA”: the Personal Property Security Act of Ontario (or any successor statute) or similar legislation (including without limitation the Civil Code) of any other jurisdiction, the laws of which are required by such legislation to be applied in connection with the issue, perfection, enforcement, validity or effect of security interests.” 4. Amendment to the Obligor Limits Schedule 1.2, “Eligible Buyers, Obligor Limits and Applicable Percentages” is deleted and replaced with Schedule 1.2 attached hereto. 5. Amendment to Section 2.2(c) The ultimate paragraph of Section 2.2(c) is amended and restated in its entirety as follows: “The Servicer and the Sellers acknowledge and agree that a portion of the Receivables will be offered for sale by Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, as Purchaser, to HSBC Bank USA, National Association, as a participant, pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of a participation agreement entered into between it and Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch. While Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, will be the nominal purchaser of any such Receivables taken up by HSBC Bank USA, National Association, on the terms and subject to the conditions of such participation agreement, the Administrative Agent’s notice of acceptance of the offer to purchase any such Receivables will identify which Receivables are being acquired for the benefit of the participant, and the participant will be directed by Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch to make payment of the Purchase Price therefor directly to the Servicer. Neither the Administrative Agent nor any Purchaser shall have liability, contingent or otherwise, for payment of such amounts or any loss resulting from the non-payment of such amounts.” 6. Amendment to Section 2.4: Section 2.4 of the Receivables Purchase Agreement is amended and restated in its entirety as follows: “2.4 Fees Celestica Canada agrees to pay to Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch the fees in the amounts and on the dates previously agreed to in accordance with the Fee Letter between Celestica Canada and Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch dated November 23, 2015 (the “Fee Letter”).” 7. Amendment to Section 3.9(b): Section 3.9(b) is amended and restated in its entirety as follows: 4 “(b) Except as set forth in Schedule 3.9, there is no tax, levy, impost, deduction, charge or withholding imposed, levied or made by or in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Romania, Malaysia or Ireland, or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein either (i) on or by virtue of the execution or delivery of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document or (ii) on any payment to be made by any Seller or the Guarantor pursuant to this Agreement or any other Transaction Document. Each Seller and the Guarantor is permitted to make all payments pursuant to this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents free and clear of all taxes, levies, imposts, deductions, charges or withholdings imposed, levied or made by or in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Romania, Malaysia or Ireland, or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, and no such payment in the hands of the Administrative Agent, any Purchaser or the Collection Agent will be subject to any tax, levy, impost, deduction, charge or withholding imposed, levied or made by or in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Romania, Malaysia or Ireland or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein.” 8. Amendments to Schedules: Each of Schedule 3.9, “Taxes”, Schedule 3.14, “Actions to Perfect Ownership Interests in Receivables (and Security Interests in Collateral)”, and Schedule 3.15, “Principal Place of Business of the Sellers”, is amended by the addition and/or partially replaced, as the case may be, of the language set forth on Schedules 3.9, 3.14 and 3.15, respectively, attached hereto. 9. Representations and Warranties To induce the Administrative Agent and the Purchasers to enter into this Amending Agreement, the Guarantor and each of the Sellers hereby jointly and severally make the following representations and warranties (provided that Celestica Valencia and Celestica Romania shall only be responsible hereunder for its own representations and warranties): (a) The Guarantor and each of the Sellers hereby represent and warrant as of the date of this Amending Agreement that no Termination Event or Incipient Termination Event has occurred and is continuing. (b) The Guarantor and each of the Sellers hereby represent and warrant as of the date of this Amending Agreement and as of the Effective Date (as defined below) that the audited consolidated balance sheets of Celestica Canada and its consolidated Subsidiaries as at December 31, 2014, and the related statements of income and of cash flows of Celestica Canada for the fiscal year ended on such dates, present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial condition of Celestica Canada and its consolidated Subsidiaries as at such date, and Celestica Canada’s consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the respective fiscal years then ended. All such financial statements, including the related schedules and notes thereto, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, applied consistently throughout the periods involved (except as approved by Celestica Canada’s accountants and disclosed therein). (c) The Guarantor and each of the Sellers hereby represent and warrant as of the date of this Amending Agreement and as of the Effective Date (as defined below) that 5 since the date of the most recent financial statements made available to the Administrative Agent and the Purchasers there has been no change, development or event that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 10. Ratification Except for the specific changes and amendments to the Receivables Purchase Agreement contained herein, the Receivables Purchase Agreement and all related documents are in all other respects ratified and confirmed and the Receivables Purchase Agreement as amended hereby shall be read, taken and construed as one and the same instrument. 11. Counterparts This Amending Agreement may be executed by one or more of the parties to this Amending Agreement on any number of separate counterparts, and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument. A set of this Amending Agreement signed by all the parties shall be lodged with the Servicer and the Administrative Agent. 12. Confirmation of Guarantee Guarantor hereby confirms and agrees that (i) the Guarantee is and shall continue to be in full force and effect and is otherwise hereby ratified and confirmed in all respects; and (ii) the Guarantee is and shall continue to be an unconditional and irrevocable guarantee of all of the Obligations (as defined in the Guarantee). 13. Further Assurances Each party shall, and hereby agrees to, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be done, executed, acknowledged and delivered, such further acts, deeds, mortgages, transfers and assurances as are reasonably required for the purpose of accomplishing and effecting the intention of this Amending Agreement. 14. Conditions to Effectiveness This Amending Agreement shall become effective (such date being the “Effective Date”) upon receipt by the Administrative Agent of counterparts (i) hereof, duly executed and delivered by each of the parties hereto and (ii) of the Fee Letter duly executed and delivered by Celestica Canada. The Administrative Agent shall inform the Guarantor, the Sellers and the Purchasers of the occurrence of the Effective Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither of Celestica International or Celestica Ireland, respectively, will be permitted to present or cause the Servicer to present on its behalf a Purchase Notice until the satisfaction of the following conditions: receipt by the Administrative Agent of (A) Assignment Agreements in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; (B) the Second Amendment to Collection Account Pledge Agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; (C) executed and delivered Deposit Account Control Agreements in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; (D) a closing certificate of each of Celestica International and Celestica Ireland in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, dated as of the Effective Date, with appropriate insertions and attachments; (E) the executed legal opinion of Canadian and Irish counsel to Celestica Inc., Celestica International, and Celestica Ireland, each in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and its counsel (such legal opinions shall cover such matters incidental to the transactions contemplated by this Amending Agreement and the Transaction Documents as the Administrative Agent may 6 reasonably require, including, without limitation, the creation and perfection of ownership interests and security interests in the Collateral of Celestica International and/or Celestica Ireland, as applicable); (F) in the case of Celestica International, execution and delivery of an intercreditor agreement with CIBC in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; (G) in the case of Celestica International and Celestica Ireland, satisfaction of the perfection requirements described on Schedule 3.14; and (H) such other legal opinions and documentation as the Purchasers may require to verify matters of taxation and perfection in respect of Celestica International and Celestica Ireland, respectively and other matters incidental to the transactions covered by this Amending Agreement. 15. Successors and Assigns This Amending Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Sellers, the Servicer, the Purchasers, the Administrative Agent, and their respective successors and permitted assigns. 16. Governing Law This Amending Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the Province of Ontario. [remainder of this page intentionally left blank] 7 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amending Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by their proper and duly authorized officers as of the day and year first above written. CELESTICA INC., as Servicer and as Guarantor By: /s/ Darren Myers Name: Darren Myers Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA LLC By: /s/ Walter Jankovic Name: Walter Jankovic Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA HOLDINGS PTE LTD By: /s/ Raymond Wu Name: Raymond Wu Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA VALENCIA S.A. (SOCIEDAD UNIPERSONAL) By: /s/ Rob Schormans Name: Rob Schormans Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA HONG KONG LTD. By: /s/ Raymond Wu Name: Raymond Wu Title: Authorized Signatory Signature Page — Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Trade Receivables Agreement CELESTICA (ROMANIA) S.R.L. By: /s/ Robert Schormans Name: Robert Schormans Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA JAPAN KK By: /s/ Raymond Wu Name: Raymond Wu Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA ELECTRONICS (M) SDN. BHD. By: /s/ Raymond Wu Name: Raymond Wu Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA OREGON LLC By: /s/ Walter Jankovic Name: Walter Jankovic Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA INTERNATIONAL INC. By: /s/ Darren Myers Name: Darren Myers Title: Authorized Signatory CELESTICA IRELAND LIMITED By: /s/ Kevin Walsh Name: Kevin Walsh Title: Authorized Signatory Signature Page — Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Trade Receivables Agreement DEUTSCHE BANK (MALAYSIA) BERHAD, as Purchaser By: /s/Wendy Ang May Yoke Name: Wendy Ang May Yoke Title: Head of Trade Finance DEUTSCHE BANK AG, NEW YORK BRANCH, as Administrative Agent and as Purchaser By: /s/ Elizabeth Keov Name: Elizabeth Keov Title: Assistant Vice President By: /s/ Robert Altman Name: Robert Altman Title: Vice President Signature Page — Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Trade Receivables Agreement SCHEDULE 1.2 To the Receivables Purchase Agreement, Eligible Buyers, Obligor Limits and Applicable Percentages Facilities (For Approval): Cisco Systems Inc Google Inc Honeywell International Inc Honeywell Limited CII) IBM Corporation IBM Corporation Endicott IBM Ireland Product Distribution Limited Juniper Networks Inc NEC Corporation Applied Materials Israel LTD AMAT-VMO Applied Materials SE Asia PTE EMC Information Systems INTL Oracle America, INC. Polycom Global Inc Polycom Inc Hitachi Metals Ltd HGST (Thailand) Ltd HGST Singapore PTE Ltd Total Facilities (For Approval): Existing Facilities: Total Facilities: Spread [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% [**]% DB Closing Commitment DB Malaysia Closing Commitment HSBC Closing Commitment Global Closing [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] [**] Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked with asterisks in brackets, has been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and has been filed separately with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. ADDITIONS TO SCHEDULE 3.9 To the Receivables Purchase Agreement TAXES Celestica International There should not be any Canadian withholding tax payable on these transactions. The repurchase by a Seller of the receivables should not be subject to Canadian withholding tax as there is no interest component in the price. Also the sale of receivables is a “financial service” that is exempt from GST/HST. The payment of the receivables themselves by a Canadian obligor to the Purchaser is just the payment of a debt and is in most cases not subject to withholding tax. Notwithstanding the above, withholding tax on the purchase price paid to the Sellers in Canada may be imposed by the laws of each Purchaser’s country of residence. Celestica Ireland Any payment made by the Seller of annual interest with an Irish source is potentially subject to a 20% withholding tax. However, exemptions from the obligation to withhold tax may be available under Irish domestic law or the terms of a double tax treaty entered into by Ireland with the jurisdiction of residence of the beneficial owner of the interest. ADDITIONS TO SCHEDULE 3.14 To the Receivables Purchase Agreement ACTIONS TO PERFECT OWNERSHIP INTERESTS IN SCHEDULED RECEIVABLES AND SECURITY INTERESTS IN COLLATERAL USA A UCC-1 (or UCC-3, as applicable) financing statement setting forth the applicable information regarding Celestica LLC, Celestica Holdings, Celestica Valencia, Celestica Hong Kong, Celestica Japan, Celestica Romania, Celestica Oregon, Celestica International and Celestica Ireland as debtors, shall have been filed with the District of Columbia Recorder of Deeds, Washington, D.C.. Celestica LLC, Celestica Holdings, Celestica Valencia, Celestica Hong Kong, Celestica Japan, Celestica Romania, Celestica Oregon, Celestica International and Celestica Ireland each have entered into an agreement with the Collection Agent giving the Collection Agent “control” (as such term is defined in Article 9 of the UCC) over the Collection Accounts. Canada PPSA financing statement setting forth the applicable information regarding Celestica International, as debtor, and the relevant Purchased Assets, shall have been filed in Ontario. Ireland: An Assignment Agreement shall have been duly executed and delivered. There is no requirement as a matter of Irish law to register a sale of receivables. The service of notice to the relevant creditor(s) will perfect a legal transfer of the receivables. If notice is not served, an equitable transfer of the receivables is effected. The security interests created by Celestica Ireland pursuant to the Collection Account Pledge Agreement [may] need to be registered with the Irish companies Registration Office within twenty one (21) days of its execution. Additions to Schedule 3.15 to the Receivables Purchase Agreement Principal Place of Business of the Sellers: Celestica International: 844 Don Mills Road, Toronto, ON M3C 1V7 Canada Celestica Ireland: Parkmore Business Park, Ballybrit, Galway, Ireland CELESTICA INC. DIRECTORS’ SHARE COMPENSATION PLAN Exhibit 4.22 1. Each director of Celestica Inc. (the “Corporation”) who is not an employee of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries or of Onex Corporation (an “Eligible Director”) shall be entitled to make an annual election (a “DSU Election”), on or before the last business day of the calendar year preceding the calendar year that includes the date of the annual meeting of shareholders of the Corporation (the “Annual Meeting”), to be paid 75% or 100% of the aggregate of: (i) the annual fee (“Annual Board Fee”) payable to such Eligible Director for services rendered as a member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”); (ii) the travel fees payable to such Eligible Director (“Travel Fees”); (iii) where applicable, of the fee payable to such Eligible Director for services rendered as Chair of the Audit Committee of the Board, Chair of the Compensation Committee of the Board, and/or Chair of any other standing or ad hoc committee of the Board from time to time (“Committee Chair Fees” and, together with Travel Fees “Other Compensation”); (iv) any Supplemental Award (as defined in paragraph 4), in each case in respect of the period commencing on the date of the Annual Meeting and ending on the date of the subsequent Annual Meeting (the “Compensation Period”) in deferred share units (each a “DSU”). The percentage referred to above is hereinafter each referred to as a “DSU Election Percentage”. Annual Board Fees, Travel Fees, Other Compensation and any Supplemental Award in respect of a Compensation Period are collectively referred to as “Annual Compensation”. Subject to the terms of this Plan, each DSU shall entitle such Eligible Director to receive, in accordance with either paragraph 8 or paragraph 9, a subordinate voting share of the Corporation (a “Share”) or a cash payment equal to the value of a Share following the date, subject to paragraph 13, on which the Eligible Director is no longer any of the following: (i) a director of the Corporation; (ii) an employee of the Corporation; or (iii) a director or employee of any corporation that does not deal at arm’s length with the Corporation (the “Retirement Date”). 2. An individual who becomes an Eligible Director during a Compensation Period shall be entitled to make a DSU Election and select a DSU Election Percentage to apply in respect of the portion of the Annual Board Fee and Other Compensation payable in respect of Fiscal Quarters of the Compensation Period that commence after the date such DSU Election is made. A DSU Election made under this paragraph 2 shall not be effective in respect of the Eligible Director’s Annual Board Fee or Other Compensation for the Compensation Period in which the individual becomes an Eligible Director if: (i) such election is not made within 30 days after the individual becomes an Eligible Director; or (ii) to the extent required by Section 409A of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time (the “Code”), the individual previously participated in this Plan or any other plan that is required to be aggregated with this Plan for purposes of Section 409A of the Code. 3. If an Eligible Director does not make a DSU Election in accordance with paragraph 1 or 2, as applicable, his or her DSU Election Percentage for the Compensation Period or portion thereof, as applicable, for Annual Compensation awarded in respect of such Compensation Period shall be deemed to be 100%. 4. The Board may, from time to time, determine an amount, expressed in U.S. dollars, that shall be allocated to an Eligible Director for purposes of calculating the number of DSUs to be provided to such Eligible Director under this paragraph 4 (the “Supplemental Award”) in addition to any DSUs granted to the Eligible Director pursuant to paragraph 1 or 2. The number of DSUs that an Eligible Director shall be entitled to receive in respect of a Supplemental Award shall be equal to the product of: (i) the total dollar amount allocated to such Eligible Director under this paragraph 4 in U.S. dollars, divided by (ii) the closing price of the Shares on the NYSE on the last trading day of the fiscal quarter of the Corporation (a “Fiscal Quarter”) immediately preceding the date as of which the allocation approved by the Board, or such later date as may be specified by the Board (the “Allocation Date”). Such DSUs shall be credited to the Eligible Director’s Account as of the Allocation Date and may be subject to such terms or conditions with respect to the vesting of such DSUs as the Board may determine. If required by the Corporation, an Eligible Director who receives a Supplemental Award shall enter into an agreement with the Corporation to evidence the Supplemental Award and the terms, including any terms with respect to vesting, applicable thereto. 5. Annual Board Fees are paid to Eligible Directors quarterly, in arrears. The number of DSUs that an Eligible Director shall be entitled to receive in lieu of each instalment of the Annual Board Fee payable to such Eligible Director shall be equal to the product of: (i) the total amount of such instalment, or, in the event that the date on which an Eligible Director ceases to be an Eligible Director (the “Termination Date”) occurs during a Fiscal Quarter, a prorated amount of such instalment that reflects the Eligible Director’s actual period of service as an Eligible Director from the commencement of the applicable Fiscal Quarter to the Eligible Director’s Termination Date, multiplied by (ii) the DSU Election Percentage, divided by (iii) the closing price of the Shares on the New York Stock Exchange) (the “NYSE”) on the last trading day of the Fiscal Quarter in respect of which the instalment is to be paid or, in the event that the Eligible Director’s Termination Date occurs prior to the end of a Fiscal Quarter, such price on the last trading day of the immediately preceding Fiscal Quarter. Such DSUs shall be credited to the Eligible Director’s Account (as defined below) as of the last day of the applicable Fiscal Quarter or, in the event that the Eligible Director’s Termination Date occurs prior to the end of such Fiscal Quarter, as of the Eligible Director’s Termination Date. If a quarterly instalment of Annual Board Fees includes a portion of the Annual Board Fee payable in respect of two Compensation Periods, and the proportion of the Annual Compensation elected by an Eligible Director to be paid in DSUs differs between the Compensation Periods, then the amount of cash and number of DSUs to be 2 paid to such Eligible Director shall be determined separately for each of the part Compensation Periods included in such Fiscal Quarter, otherwise in accordance with this paragraph 5. 6. The number of DSUs that an Eligible Director shall be entitled to receive in lieu of Other Compensation payable to such Eligible Director during such Compensation Period shall be equal to the product of: (i) the total amount of such Other Compensation, multiplied by (ii) the DSU Election Percentage, divided by (iii) the closing price of the Shares on the NYSE on the last trading day of the Fiscal Quarter that includes the date of as of which such Other Compensation is payable or, in the event that the Eligible Director’s Termination Date occurs prior to the end of a Fiscal Quarter, such price on the last trading day of the immediately preceding Fiscal Quarter. Provided the Eligible Director remains an Eligible Director on the regularly scheduled payment date for such Other Compensation such DSUs shall be credited to the Eligible Director’s Account (as defined below) as of the last day of the Fiscal Quarter that includes such regularly scheduled payment date, or, in the event that the Eligible Director’s Termination Date occurs prior to the end of such Fiscal Quarter, as of the Eligible Director’s Termination Date. 7. The Corporation shall keep or cause to be kept records for each Eligible Director, including an account (the “Account”) showing the number of DSUs, determined in accordance with paragraphs 4, 5 and 6, and in each case rounded to two decimal places, that the Eligible Director has been granted. A written confirmation of the balance in each Eligible Director’s Account shall be provided by the Corporation to the Eligible Director at least annually, but the Corporation shall have no obligation to issue any certificate or other instrument evidencing the DSUs. An Eligible Director shall not be entitled to any DSUs granted pursuant to paragraph 4 that fail to vest in accordance with the terms under which such DSUs are granted, or any payment or Shares in respect thereof and all such DSUs shall cease to be recorded in the Eligible Director’s Account effective as of the date on which they fail to meet the applicable vesting conditions, if any. 8. Subject to paragraph 9, on the date that is forty-five (45) days following the Eligible Director’s Retirement Date or the following business day if such forty-fifth (45th) day is not a business day (the “Valuation Date”), or as soon as practicable thereafter (but in all cases within ninety (90) days following the Eligible Director’s Retirement Date), the Corporation, through its Share Plan Administrator, shall deliver to the Eligible Director the number of Shares that equals the number of DSUs in the Eligible Director’s Account on the Valuation Date, less such number of Shares the value of which is required to satisfy applicable withholding taxes and source deductions. The Administrator shall, in accordance with the instructions of the Eligible Director or the Eligible Director’s legal representative, as applicable, deliver to the Eligible Director or the Eligible Director’s legal representative, as applicable, a certificate representing such Shares, or credit such Shares to an account with a broker in the name of the Eligible Director or the Eligible Director’s legal representative, as applicable, as soon as practicable thereafter. 3 9. The Corporation shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to pay all or a portion of the value of an Eligible Director’s DSUs to the Eligible Director or the Eligible Director’s legal representative, as applicable, in a lump sum cash payment in an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying the number of DSUs in the Eligible Director’s Account on the Valuation Date by the closing price of the Shares on the NYSE (or, if the Shares are not listed on the NYSE, then on the over the counter market, or, if the Shares are not listed on the over the counter market, the fair market value of the Shares as determined by the Board in good faith) on the Valuation Date, less applicable withholding taxes and source deductions, and shall do so if there is no public market for the Shares. Such lump sum payments shall be made on the Valuation Date, or as soon as practicable thereafter (but in all cases within ninety (90) days following the Eligible Director’s Retirement Date). 10. Each Eligible Director who receives Shares under this Plan shall comply with all applicable securities regulations and policies of the Corporation relating to the purchase and sale of Shares. 11. In the event of a (i) capital reorganization, (ii) merger, (iii) amalgamation, (iv) offer for shares of the Corporation which if successful would entitle the offeror to acquire all of the shares of the Corporation or all of one or more particular class(es) of shares of the Corporation to which the offer relates, (v) sale of a material portion of the assets of the Corporation, (vi) arrangement or other scheme of reorganization (a “Reorganization”) or proposed Reorganization, or (vii) an increase or decrease in the outstanding Shares as a result of a stock split, consolidation, subdivision, reclassification or recapitalization but, for greater certainty, not as a result of the issuance of Shares for additional consideration, by way of a stock dividend or other distribution in the ordinary course or as a result of a rights offering, the Corporation may adjust the Account of each Eligible Director in such manner as the Corporation determines, in its discretion, is equitable to reflect such event. The adjustment so made by the Corporation, if any, shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes of this Plan, and Eligible Directors (and any person claiming through an Eligible Director) shall have no other rights as a result of any change in the Shares or of any other event. 12. The Corporation may amend or terminate the Plan in whole or in part at any time as it deems necessary or appropriate, but no such amendment or termination shall, without the consent of the Eligible Director or unless required by law, adversely affect the rights of an Eligible Director with respect to DSUs to which the Eligible Director is then entitled under the Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any amendment of the Plan shall be such that the Plan continuously meets the requirements of paragraph 6801(d) of the regulations under the Income Tax Act (Canada) or any successor to such provision. 4 13. The Corporation intends that the Plan comply with the requirements of section 409A of the Code, insofar as this Plan pays benefits that are subject to taxation under the Code that are subject to section 409A of the Code, and intends to administer the Plan accordingly. If any one or more provisions of the Plan may be interpreted to comply with, or be exempt from, Section 409A of the Code, then such provision(s) shall be so interpreted. For greater certainty, notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, with respect to all Plan benefits payable to or with respect to an Eligible Director (if any Plan benefits payable to or with respect to that Eligible Director are subject to taxation under the Code and are subject to section 409A of the Code), “Retirement Date” shall mean the date on which the Eligible Director has experienced a “separation from service” as defined in Section 409A of the Code and applicable regulations and guidance thereunder such that it is reasonably anticipated that no further services will be performed and provided that, in any event, all payments under the Plan to Eligible Directors who are subject to taxation under the Code shall be made in compliance with Section 409A of the Code. 14. The Board shall have full power and authority, subject to the provisions hereof, to construe and interpret the Plan. The Board’s decisions, determinations and interpretations shall be final, conclusive and binding on all past, present and future Eligible Directors and all other persons, if any, having an interest herein. Neither the Board nor its members shall be liable for any action, omission or determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan. As amended and restated as at January 1, 2016 5 Exhibit 8.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant Celestica Cayman Holdings 1 Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation; Celestica Cayman Holdings 9 Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation; Celestica (Dongguan-SSL) Technology Limited, a China corporation; Celestica Electronics (S) Pte Ltd, a Singapore corporation; Celestica Holdings Pte Limited, a Singapore corporation; Celestica Hong Kong Limited, a Hong Kong corporation; Celestica LLC, a Delaware, U.S. limited liability company; Celestica (Suzhou) Technology Co. Ltd, a China corporation; Celestica (Thailand) Limited, a Thailand corporation; Celestica (USA) Inc., a Delaware, U.S. corporation; Celestica (US Holdings) LLC, a Delaware, U.S. limited liability company; and 2480333 Ontario Inc., an Ontario, Canada corporation. I, Robert A. Mionis, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Celestica Inc.; CERTIFICATION Exhibit 12.1 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 7, 2016 /s/ Robert A. Mionis Robert A. Mionis Chief Executive Officer I, Darren G. Myers, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Celestica Inc.; CERTIFICATION Exhibit 12.2 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 7, 2016 /s/ Darren G. Myers Darren G. Myers Chief Financial Officer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the annual report of Celestica Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the period ended December 31, 2015, as furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of Robert A. Mionis, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Darren G. Myers, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Exhibit 13.1 March 7, 2016 March 7, 2016 /s/ Robert A. Mionis Robert A. Mionis Chief Executive Officer /s/ Darren G. Myers Darren G. Myers Chief Financial Officer A signed original of this written statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. Exhibit 15.1 KPMG LLP Yonge Corporate Centre 4100 Yonge St. Suite 200 Toronto, ON M2P 2H3 Telephone Fax Internet (416) 228-7000 (416) 228-7123 www.kpmg.ca Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors Celestica Inc. We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-113591, 333-88210, 333-71126, 333-66726, 333-63112) and Form F-3ASR (No. 333-199616) of Celestica Inc. of our report dated March 3, 2016, on the consolidated financial statements of Celestica Inc., which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015, and our audit report dated March 3, 2016 on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which reports appear in the annual report on Form 20-F of Celestica Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants March 7, 2016 Toronto, Canada 

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