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Bellerophon TherapeuticsTable of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. For the transition period from to . Commission file number: 001-35347 Clovis Oncology, Inc. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 5500 Flatiron Parkway, Suite 100 Boulder, Colorado (Address of principal executive offices) 90-0475355 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 80301 (Zip Code) (303) 625-5000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock par value $0.001 per share Name of each exchange on which registered The NASDAQ Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405) of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Emerging growth company ☐ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2018, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, was $2,243,897,802 based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market on that date of $45.47 per share. The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of February 22, 2019 was 52,868,576. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection with the registrant’s 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is to be filed within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated therein. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS ITEM 2. PROPERTIES ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ITEM 6. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK ITEM 8. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA DISCLOSURE ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES SIGNATURES Page 3 30 55 55 56 57 58 59 61 75 76 76 76 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 84 2 Table of Contents PART I This Annual Report filed on Form 10-K and the information incorporated herein by reference includes statements that are, or may be deemed, “forward-looking statements.” In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “approximately” or, in each case, their negative or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. They appear in a number of places throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things, the market acceptance and commercial viability of our approved product, the development of our sales and marketing capabilities, the performance of our clinical trial partners, third party manufacturers and our diagnostic partners, our ongoing and planned non-clinical studies and clinical trials, the timing of and our ability to make regulatory filings and obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, including our ability to confirm the clinical benefit of our approved product through confirmatory trials and other post-marketing requirements, the degree of clinical utility of our products, particularly in specific patient populations, expectations regarding clinical trial data, expectations regarding sales of our products, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth and strategies, the industry in which we operate, including our competition, and the trends that may affect the industry or us. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events, competitive dynamics and industry change and depend on the economic circumstances that may or may not occur in the future or may occur on longer or shorter timelines than anticipated. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and the development of the industry in which we operate may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained herein. Any forward-looking statements that we make in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speak only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should also read carefully the factors described in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and our website. Clovis Oncology ® , the Clovis logo and Rubraca® are trademarks of Clovis Oncology, Inc. in the United States and in other selected countries. All other brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report to “Clovis,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Clovis Oncology, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries. ITEM 1. BUSINESS Overview We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, the EU and additional international markets. We target our development programs for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations, and simultaneously develop, with partners, for those indications that require them, diagnostic tools intended to direct a compound in development to the population that is most likely to benefit from its use. Our product Rubraca® (rucaparib), an oral small molecule inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (“PARP”), is marketed in the United States for two indications specific to recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. The initial indication received approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in December 2016 and covers the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA (human genes associated with the repair of damaged DNA) mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. In April 2018, the FDA also approved Rubraca for the maintenance 3 Table of Contents treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The approval in this second, broader and earlier-line indication on a priority review timeline was based on positive data from the phase 3 ARIEL3 clinical trial. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication. We hold worldwide rights to Rubraca. In May 2018, the European Commission granted a conditional marketing authorization for Rubraca as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with two or more prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy. As this is a conditional approval, it will be necessary to complete certain confirmatory post marketing commitments. In January 2019, the European Commission granted a variation to the marketing authorization to include the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. With this approval, Rubraca is now authorized in the European Union (“EU”) for certain patients in the recurrent ovarian cancer maintenance setting regardless of their BRCA mutation status. Rubraca was the first PARP inhibitor licensed for an ovarian cancer treatment indication in the EU and is now the first to be authorized for both treatment and maintenance treatment among eligible patients. We are planning our initial launch of Rubraca as maintenance therapy in Germany during the first quarter of 2019, with other EU countries to follow through 2019 and 2020. Additional 2018 Rubraca key regulatory and clinical developments include the following: During the first quarter of 2018, we initiated an open-label monotherapy study of Rubraca in recurrent, metastatic bladder cancer titled ATLAS: A Study of Rucaparib in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer. In August 2018, the first patient was randomized into our ATHENA Phase 3 study evaluating the combination of Rubraca and OPDIVO® (nivolumab) for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in the first line maintenance setting. ATHENA is a Clovis-sponsored study which is part of our ongoing clinical collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca in a variety of tumor types. In October 2018, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy designation (“BTD”) for the development of Rubraca as a monotherapy treatment of adult patients with BRCA1/2-mutated metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”) who have received at least one prior androgen receptor (“AR”)-directed therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. BTD was granted based on initial efficacy and safety results from the ongoing TRITON2 phase 2 study of Rubraca in patients with advanced mCRPC with BRCA 1/2 mutations (germline or somatic) and deleterious mutations of other homologous recombination (“HR”) repair genes presented at ESMO. In October 2018, we announced initial data from the ongoing TRITON studies of Rubraca in advanced prostate cancer at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2018 Congress. The initial TRITON2 data showed a 44 percent confirmed objective response (ORR) by investigator-assessment in 25 RECIST/PCWG3 (RECIST as modified by the Prostate Cancer Working Group for mCRPC trials) response-evaluable patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration, and results by independent assessment were consistent. The median duration of response in these patients had not yet been reached. In addition, a 51 percent confirmed prostate specific antigen (PSA) response rate was observed in 45 PSA response-evaluable patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration. Preliminary safety data for Rubraca in men with mCRPC were consistent with those observed in patients with ovarian cancer and other solid tumors. We also have a robust clinical development program underway to further evaluate Rubraca in a variety of other solid tumor types, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, including several studies as part of our ongoing clinical collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca. In addition, we have one other product candidate. Lucitanib is an oral, potent inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“VEGFR1-3”), platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (“PDGFR α/β”) and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“FGFR1-3”). We believe that recent data for a drug similar to lucitanib that inhibits these 4 Table of Contents same pathways – when combined with a PD-1 inhibitor – provide support for development of lucitanib in combination with a PD- 1 inhibitor and a Clovis-sponsored study of lucitanib in combination with nivolumab is planned in gynecologic cancers. In addition, we intend to initiate a study of lucitanib in combination with Rubraca in ovarian cancer, based on encouraging data of VEGF and PARP inhibitors in combination. We intend to initiate each of these Phase 1b/2 combination studies during the first half of 2019. Lucitanib was previously partnered with Servier outside the U.S. and Japan (also excluding China); Servier returned its rights to lucitanib in late 2018. We now hold the global development and commercialization rights (except for China) for lucitanib. In early 2019, we provided notice to Celgene Corporation exercising the right to terminate our license to rociletinib, an oral mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (“EGFR”). That termination will become effective in the second quarter of 2019. Clovis was founded in 2009. We have built our organization to support innovative oncology drug development for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations. To implement our strategy, we have assembled an experienced team with core competencies in global clinical and non-clinical development, regulatory operations and commercialization in oncology, as well as conducting collaborative relationships with companies specializing in companion diagnostic development. Clinical Development Pipeline We are developing Rubraca for selected patient populations and collaborating with partners for companion diagnostic development. We have focused our development strategy for Rubraca on indications where we believe patient populations exhibit higher frequencies of mutant BRCA tumors or HRD, where PARP inhibitors have demonstrated clinical or pre-clinical activity in tumors. We are also developing lucitanib in combinations, including with Rubraca, based on encouraging data in clinical studies of other similar oncology compounds. The following table summarizes the ongoing or planned Clovis- or partner-sponsored studies: 5 Table of Contents In certain of these trials, we or our partners may have access to interim data on a periodic or continuing basis that will not be made available publicly on the same timeframe as such data becomes available to us, or at all. Rubraca – a PARP Inhibitor Overview Rubraca (rucaparib) is an oral, small molecule inhibitor of PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3. We in-licensed Rubraca from Pfizer Inc. in June 2011 and hold exclusive worldwide rights. Rubraca has received regulatory approvals in the United States and the European Union for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. In the United States, Rubraca is approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. BRCA mutations are believed to occur in approximately 25 percent of women with ovarian cancer. In April 2018, the FDA granted a second approval for Rubraca for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy, a broader and earlier-line indication. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication. In the EU, the EMA granted a conditional marketing authorization for Rubraca in May 2018 as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with two or more prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy. As this initial treatment indication was granted as a conditional approval, it will be necessary to complete confirmatory post marketing commitments to support the indication, including ensuring that sufficient partially platinum-sensitive patients are enrolled in our ongoing ARIEL4 confirmatory trial. In January 2019, the European Commission granted a variation to the marketing authorization to include a second indication for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. With this approval, Rubraca is now authorized in the EU for patients in the recurrent ovarian cancer maintenance setting regardless of their BRCA mutation status. Rubraca was the first PARP inhibitor licensed for an ovarian cancer treatment indication in the EU and is now the first to be authorized for both treatment and maintenance treatment among eligible patients. Rubraca was designated as an orphan medicinal product on October 10, 2012 for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Rubraca was voluntarily withdrawn from the Community register of orphan medicinal products in November 2018 during the review of the maintenance treatment indication variation thus allowing future non-orphan indications to be added to the current marketing authorization in due course. We have established our commercial and medical affairs infrastructure in the EU, as well as the field sales personnel in Germany, where the initial launch of Rubraca is planned in the first quarter of 2019. We anticipate the hiring of field sales personnel to support additional EU country launches to coincide with reimbursement approvals in individual countries in the EU over the remainder of 2019 and 2020. The Role of PARP Inhibition in Cancer Therapy Cells in the human body are under constant attack from agents that can cause damage to DNA, including sunlight and other forms of radiation, as well as DNA-binding chemicals that can cause changes in the composition of DNA. Cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to enable such DNA repair, and these mechanisms are complementary to each other, each driving repair of specific types of DNA damage. If a cell’s DNA damage repair system is overwhelmed, then the cell will die undergoing a form of suicide termed apoptosis. A fundamental principle of cancer therapy is to damage cells profoundly with radiation or DNA-binding drugs, such as alkylating agents or platinums, to induce apoptosis and, subsequently, cancer cell death. Multiple DNA repair mechanisms active in the cell may reduce the activity of these anti-cancer therapies. The PARP family comprises 17 structurally related proteins that have been identified on the basis of sequence similarity. PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3 play a central role in DNA repair. They are rapidly recruited to the sites of DNA damage and catalyze the recruitment of additional proteins that initiate the repair of damaged DNA. The breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) genes also have important roles in DNA repair pathways such as homologous 6 Table of Contents recombination. According to the National Cancer Institute, BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of ovarian, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Rubraca is an inhibitor of PARP enzymes, including PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3. PARP inhibitors have shown activity in BRCA1/2 mutant and homologous recombination (“HR”) repair deficient cancer cell lines through a mechanism known as synthetic lethality in which the loss of two genes/pathways is required for cell death. The inhibition/inactivation of repair pathways by administration of a PARP inhibitor in the context of an underlying genetic defect such as a BRCA mutation results in tumor cell death through accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage. Alterations in DNA repair genes other than BRCA1/2 have been observed in, and contribute to the hereditary risk of, ovarian, breast, prostate and pancreatic cancers. PARP inhibitors have shown evidence of nonclinical and clinical activity in tumors with alterations in non-BRCA HR genes. DNA repair deficiencies resulting from genetic and epigenetic alterations can result in a “BRCA-like” phenotype that may also render tumor cells sensitive to PARP inhibitors. One approach to identify patients with DNA repair deficiencies due to mechanisms other than a mutation in BRCA or other non-BRCA HR genes is to assess loss of heterozygosity (“LOH”), or the loss of one normal copy of a gene, which arises from error-prone DNA repair pathways when HR is compromised. On the basis of these scientific observations, we initially developed Rubraca in ovarian cancer patients with tumors having BRCA mutations or other homologous recombination deficiencies (“HRD”). These molecular markers also may be used to select patients with other tumors for treatment with Rubraca. Thus, in addition to ovarian trials, studies open for enrollment or under consideration to further evaluate Rubraca, either alone or in combination with other agents, include prostate, breast, pancreatic, bladder, gastroesophageal and lung cancers. Ovarian cancer Rubraca’s approvals in the U.S. and the EU in the recurrent BRCA mutant ovarian cancer treatment setting were based on data from two multicenter, single-arm, open-label clinical trials, Study 10 (NCT01482715) and ARIEL2 (NCT01891344), in women with advanced BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer who had progressed after two or more prior chemotherapies. All patients received Rubraca orally 600 mg twice daily as monotherapy. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary efficacy outcome measure of both studies was objective response rate (ORR) as assessed by the investigator according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Results from a blinded independent radiology review (“BICR”) were consistent. The efficacy of Rubraca in the ovarian cancer maintenance treatment setting was investigated in ARIEL3 (NCT01968213), a double-blind, multicenter clinical trial in which 564 patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who were in response to platinum-based chemotherapy were randomized (2:1) to receive Rubraca tablets 600 mg orally twice daily (n=375) or placebo (n=189). Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All patients had achieved a response (complete or partial) to their most recent platinum-based chemotherapy. Randomization was stratified by best response to last platinum (complete or partial), time to progression following the penultimate platinum therapy (6 to < 12 months and ≥ 12 months), and tumor biomarker status. The major efficacy outcome was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (“PFS”) evaluated according to RECISTv1.1. The primary efficacy analysis evaluated three prospectively defined molecular sub-groups in a step-down manner: 1) tumor BRCA mutant (“tBRCAmut”) patients, inclusive of germline and somatic BRCA mutations (n=196); 2) HRD patients, including tBRCAmut patients and BRCA wild-type with high LOH (n=354), and, finally, 3) the intent-to-treat population, or all patients treated in ARIEL3 (n=564). ARIEL3 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in PFS for patients randomized to Rubraca as compared with placebo in all patients, and in the HRD and tBRCAmut subgroups. Median PFS in the tBRCAmut patients was 16.6 months (95% CI: 13.4–22.9) in the Rubraca group (n=130) versus 5.4 months (95% CI: 3.4–6.7) in the placebo group (n=66) (Hazard Ratio, or HR: 0.23 [95% CI: 0.16–0.34]; p<0.0001). Median PFS in the HRD patients was 13.6 months (95% CI: 10.9–16.2) in the Rubraca group (n=236) versus 5.4 months (95% CI: 5.1–5.6) in the placebo group (n=118) (HR: 0.32 [95% CI: 0.24–0.42]; p<0·0001). Median PFS in the intent-to-treat population was 10.8 months (95% CI: 8.3–11.4) in the Rubraca group (n=375) versus 5.4 months (95% CI: 5.3–5.5) in the placebo group (n=189) (HR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.30–0.45]; p<0·0001). BICR results were consistent. In a pre-specified analysis of the key stand-alone secondary endpoint of progression-free survival assessed by BICR, PFS was also improved in the Rubraca group compared with placebo in all three 7 Table of Contents populations. Median PFS in the tBRCAmut patients was 26.8 months (95% CI: 19.2 to not reached) in the Rubraca group versus 5.4 months (95% CI: 4.9–8.1) in the placebo group (HR: 0.20 [95% CI: 0.13–0.32]; p<0.0001). Median PFS in the HRD patients was 22.9 months (95% CI: 16.2 to not reported) in the Rubraca group versus 5.5 months (95% CI: 5.1–7.4) in the placebo group (HR: 0.34 [95% CI: 0.24–0.47]; p<0.0001). Median PFS in the intent-to-treat population was 13.7 months (95% CI: 11.0–19.1) versus 5.4 months (95% CI: 5.1–5.5) in the placebo group (HR: 0.35 [0.28–0.45]; p<0.0001). Enrollment in ARIEL3 included one-third of patients who had achieved a complete response to their prior platinum-based therapy, and two-thirds of patients who had achieved a partial response to their prior platinum-based therapy. Of those with a partial response, 37% had measurable disease at the time of enrollment and were therefore evaluable for response. The confirmed overall response rate by investigator-assessed RECISTv1.1 in the tBRCAmut group treated with Rubraca was 37.5% (15/40), of these, 17.5% (7/40) were complete responses. This compared with 9% (2/23) in the placebo group (p=0.0055). No complete responses were seen in the tBRCAmut placebo group. RECIST responses were also observed in BRCA wild-type HRD-positive and BRCA wild-type HRD-negative subgroups. In a subsequent post hoc exploratory analysis of ARIEL3 data, a higher response rate was also seen in patients without measurable disease in both the tBRCAmut group and the intent to treat population (inclusive of BRCAmut patients) as compared to placebo. RECIST responses were not assessed by independent blinded review. Safety data from ARIEL3 demonstrated consistency with prior Rubraca studies. Treatment emergent adverse events (“TEAEs”) in the ARIEL3 Rubraca group were generally managed with dose modifications and not associated with increased mortality or morbidity compared with the placebo group. The most common (occurring in ≥5% of patients) TEAEs of grade ≥3 reported in patients treated with Rubraca in the ARIEL3 study were anemia/decreased hemoglobin (21%), increase in ALT/AST (10%), neutropenia (7%), asthenia/fatigue (7%) and thrombocytopenia (5%). The discontinuation rate for TEAEs (excluding disease progression) was 15% for Rubraca-treated patients and 2% for the placebo arm. In ARIEL3, the rate of treatment- emergent myelodysplastic syndrome (“MDS”)/acute myeloid leukemia (“AML”) in the Rubraca arm was <1% (3/372), and no patients on the placebo arm experienced treatment-emergent MDS/AML. In approximately 1,100 patients treated with Rubraca, MDS/AML occurred in 10 patients (0.9%), including those in long term follow-up. Of these, 5 occurred during treatment or during the 28-day safety follow-up (0.5%). The duration of Rubraca treatment prior to the diagnosis of MDS/AML ranged from 1 month to approximately 28 months. The cases were typical of secondary MDS/cancer therapy-related AML; in all cases, patients had received previous platinum containing chemotherapy regimens and/or other DNA damaging agents. At the time of the analysis of PFS, overall survival (OS) data were not mature (with 22% of events). The comprehensive dataset for ARIEL3 was presented at the 2017 European Society of Medical Oncology (“ESMO”) Congress in early September 2017 and subsequently published in The Lancet . The ARIEL3 dataset formed the basis for the supplemental NDA (“sNDA”) filed with the FDA as well as the marketing authorization variation filed with the EMA supporting the approval of Rubraca in the US in April 2018 and the EU in January 2019 respectively, as maintenance treatment in adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The ARIEL4 confirmatory study (NCT 02855944) is a Phase 3 multicenter, randomized study of Rubraca versus chemotherapy enrolling relapsed ovarian cancer patients with BRCA mutations (inclusive of germline and/or somatic) who have failed two prior lines of therapy. The primary endpoint of the study is PFS. This study represents a post marketing commitment to support the conditional approval granted for the treatment indication in the EU, including ensuring that sufficient partially platinum-sensitive patients are enrolled in the trial. This may require enrollment of additional patients into the study, increasing its overall size and extending the time for enrollment. The Phase 1 RUCA-J study has identified the recommended 600 mg BID dose of rucaparib in Japanese patients, which will enable development of a bridging strategy and potential inclusion of Japanese sites in planned or ongoing global studies. This study continues to enroll patients. Prostate cancer The American Cancer Society estimates that more than 164,000 men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2018, and the GLOBOCAN Cancer Fact Sheets estimated that approximately 345,000 men in Europe were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2012. Castration resistant prostate cancer has a high likelihood of developing metastases. Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, or mCRPC, is an incurable disease, usually associated with 8 Table of Contents poor prognosis. According to the American Cancer Society, the five-year survival rate for mCRPC is approximately 29%. Germline or somatic mutations in BRCA, ATM and other DNA repair genes are believed to be present at frequencies of 20 percent or higher in mCRPC, according to an article published in JCO Precision Oncology in 2017, and we estimate that approximately 12% of mCRPC patients have a deleterious mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. These molecular markers may be used to select patients for treatment with a PARP inhibitor. Additionally, preclinical studies of rucaparib have demonstrated activity in prostate cell cancer lines deficient in BRCA or ATM. The TRITON ( T rial of R ucapar i b in Pros t ate Indicati on s) program in prostate cancer initiated in the second half of 2016, and currently includes two Clovis-sponsored potential registration studies currently open for enrollment. The TRITON2 study (NCT02952534) is a Phase 2 single-arm study of Rubraca in men with mCRPC enrolling patients with BRCA mutations and ataxia-telangiectasia mutations, or ATM, (both inclusive of germline and/or somatic) or other deleterious mutations in other homologous recombination repair genes. Patients enrolling in the TRITON2 study will have received prior treatment with at least one androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy and were screened for a deleterious germline or somatic alteration in BRCA1, BRCA2 or one of 13 other pre-specified homologous recombination (“HR”) genes. Study participants are allocated into three cohorts based on the type of gene alteration and disease status, which is determined by genomic sequencing and RECIST criteria, respectively. Each cohort receives 600 mg Rubraca twice daily and are grouped based on the following criteria: A) alteration in either BRCA1, BRCA2 or ATM genes, with tumors that can be measured with visceral and/or nodal disease; B) alteration in either BRCA1, BRCA2 or ATM genes, with tumors that cannot be measured with visceral and/or nodal disease, or C) alteration in another HR gene associated with sensitivity to PARP inhibition, with or without measurable disease. The primary study endpoints include confirmed ORR per RECIST/PCWG3 in patients with measurable disease at baseline and PSA response in patients with no measurable disease at baseline. Secondary endpoints include overall survival (“OS”), clinical benefit rate, and safety and tolerability. TRITON2 initiated during the fourth quarter of 2016, and interim data were presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (“ESMO”) Congress in October 2018 based on a June 29, 2018 data cut. The TRITON2 trial is ongoing and the next public update of TRITON2 data is expected at a medical meeting in the Fall of 2019, likely ESMO 2019. The initial TRITON2 data demonstrated a 44% confirmed objective response rate by investigator assessment in 25 RECIST/PCWG3 response-evaluable patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration. The median duration of response in these patients had not yet been reached at time of presentation. In addition, a 51% confirmed prostate-specific antigen (“PSA”) response rate was observed in 45 PSA response-evaluable patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration. Also, a TRITON screening poster presented at ESMO provided initial genomic profiling data from the TRITON clinical program. Plasma samples identified alterations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 in approximately 12% of mCRPC patients screened for the TRITON2 study, and data demonstrated that plasma cell-free circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA) samples were highly consistent with tumor tissue in identifying BRCA1 or BRCA2 alterations. As of the visit cut-off date of June 29, 2018, 85 patients were treated with Rubraca; the overall median treatment duration was 3.7 (range, 0.5–12.9) months and median follow up was 5.7 (range, 2.6–16.4) months. The median treatment duration in patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration was 4.4 months (range, 0.5-12.0 months). Forty-six patients (54.1%) were evaluable for RECIST/PCWG3 response, including 25 patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration. By investigator-assessed RECIST/PCWG3, the confirmed ORR in patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration treated with Rubraca was 44.0% (11/25). Among the 45 evaluable patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration, 51.1% (23/45) had a confirmed PSA response (95% CI, 35.8–66.3). Overall, the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (“TEAEs”) of any grade (CTCAE Grade 1-4) in all patients regardless of causality included asthenia/fatigue (44.7%, or 38/85), nausea (42.4%, or 36/85), anemia/decreased hemoglobin (22.4%, or 19/85) and constipation (28.2%, or 24/85). Five patients (5.9%) discontinued therapy due to a non-progression TEAE. One patient died due to disease progression. The TRITON2 results were the basis for Breakthrough Therapy designation (“BTD”) for the development of Rubraca as a monotherapy treatment of adult patients with BRCA1/2-mutated mCRPC who have received at least one prior androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy, which was granted on October 1, 2018 by the U.S. FDA. 9 Table of Contents Sufficient positive data from TRITON2 could potentially serve as the basis for an accelerated approval in the U.S. in later line BRCA1/2-mutated mCRPC. We are targeting late 2019 for the supplemental NDA filing based on data from 100 RECIST- evaluable patients with BRCA-mutant advanced prostate cancer, pending data maturity. The TRITON3 study (NCT02975934), a Phase 3 comparative study in men with mCRPC enrolling BRCA mutant and ATM (both inclusive of germline and/or somatic) patients who have progressed on AR-targeted therapy and who have not yet received chemotherapy in the castration resistant setting. TRITON3 will compare Rubraca to physician’s choice of AR-targeted therapy or chemotherapy in these patients. The planned primary endpoint of the study is radiologic PFS. TRITON3 initiated during the first quarter of 2017, and this earlier-line comparative study could potentially serve as a confirmatory study in the advanced prostate setting. Bladder cancer According to GLOBOCAN Cancer Fact Sheets, bladder cancer was one of the top six most common cancers in the United States as of 2012, with an estimated 79,000 new cases of bladder cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2017, according to the National Cancer Institute. Approximately 20% to 30% of newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients have disease that has invaded the muscle, according to the National Cancer Institute. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a disease with poor prognosis. Overall survival of these patients after initial cisplatin-containing chemotherapy is 13-15 months, with most patients experiencing relapse of disease in 9 months, according to an article published in the European Journal of Cancer in 2006. After the first one or two lines of anti-cancer treatments, options for these patients are limited, with platinum therapy as the current standard of care. Based an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (“TCGA”), bladder cancer data set, we believe approximately 60% of bladder cancer tumors have alterations in homologous recombination repair genes or other genomic features associated with HRD. We initiated a potential registration study in bladder cancer during the first quarter of 2018, called ATLAS (A Study of Rucaparib in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma). ATLAS (NCT03397394) is a phase 2 single- arm study enrolling patients with relapsed metastatic urothelial carcinoma following one or two prior standard of care regimens, with measurable disease, and no prior PARP treatment. The planned primary endpoint is overall response rate, and the study is enrolling all comers, with no selection based on HRD status. The primary efficacy analysis will evaluate two prospectively defined molecular sub-groups: 1) HRD/high LOH patients and 2) the intent-to-treat population, or all patients treated in ATLAS. We expect to complete enrollment in this trial in the third quarter of 2019 and expect to make an initial data presentation from ATLAS at a Fall 2019 medical congress. Pending positive data, we believe this trial design could potentially support an sNDA in an all comers population, without regard to biomarker status. Combination trials Our ongoing collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (“BMS”) involves the evaluation of the combination of Rubraca with BMS’s immunotherapy Opdivo® (nivolumab) in multiple tumor types, with studies in additional tumor types under consideration. We believe that a preclinical rationale supports the conduct of clinical trials of the combination of our PARP inhibitor Rubraca with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as the PD-1 inhibitor Opdivo. BRCA1 and BRCA2 and other HRD mutations are associated with increased tumor mutational burden, which may create additional tumor-specific antigens or “neoepitopes.” Increased tumor mutation burden has been shown to correlate with increased benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. In addition, cell death that is induced by a PARP inhibitor is considered immunogenic and stimulates a “STING-like” pathway due to fragmented DNA release into cytosol. In mice studies, rucaparib and an anti-PD-1 antibody demonstrated anti-tumor activity in BRCA1 mutant ovarian tumors. The combination of rucaparib and either an anti-PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 antibody were equally compelling in preclinical studies. Although a combination study of Rubraca and Opdivo in patients with advanced TNBC was initially contemplated under the collaboration, we have agreed with BMS to discontinue plans for such a study due to competitive considerations. Three other combination trials are underway in combination with BMS, and in February 2019, lucitanib was added to the clinical collaboration in a combination with Opdivo and discussions of additional combination studies of Rubraca and Opdivo in other tumor types are ongoing. ATHENA is a four-arm first-line maintenance treatment study to evaluate Rubraca and Opdivo, Rubraca, Opdivo and placebo in an estimated 1,000 newly diagnosed patients with stage III/IV high-grade ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary 10 Table of Contents peritoneal cancer who have completed platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary objectives are to determine if the combination of Rubraca and Opdivo meaningfully extends PFS versus Rubraca monotherapy, or versus placebo, and to determine if Rubraca extends PFS versus placebo. The analysis of the study results will evaluate, in a step-down manner, the tBRCA/HRD and intent- to-treat subpopulations. We are the sponsor, and are also conducting and funding the ATHENA study, which initiated in 2018. BMS is sponsoring, conducting and funding a 300-patient study in mCRPC, a three-arm study evaluating Opdivo + Rubraca, Opdivo + docetaxel + prednisone, and Opdivo + enzalutamide, with the objective of determining how the combination affects objective response rate and PSA response. The study is enrolling patients with biomarker negative or positive disease, and tumor tissue samples are being used to determine biomarker status. BMS initiated the study in the fourth quarter of 2017. The ARIES study, a phase 2 study evaluating Rubraca and Opdivo in second or third-line platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer and locally-advanced metastatic bladder cancer, is being sponsored and funded by us. This study is expected to begin enrolling patients in the first half of 2019. In June 2018 we announced a planned clinical collaboration to study combination therapies in metastatic triple-negative breast (“mTNBC”) and urothelial cancers (“mUC”) with Immunomedics, combining Rubraca with their lead antibody-drug conjugate product candidate, sacituzumab govitecan. The planned phase 1/2 study will include an initial safety cohort followed by expansion cohorts in each of mTNBC and mUC and platinum resistant ovarian cancer. The Clovis-sponsored study is expected to begin enrolling patients in 2019. A Phase 1b study (WO39409; NCT NCT03101280) sponsored by Hoffman-La Roche (Genentech) is underway evaluating the combination of cancer immunotherapy Tecentriq® (atezolizumab; anti-PDL1) and Rubraca for the treatment of advanced gynecological cancers and TNBC in patients with a tumor BRCA or HRD mutation. This study began enrolling patients in the first half of 2017. In addition, there are over 30 investigator-sponsored monotherapy or combination therapy studies approved or underway in a variety of tumor types. Companion Diagnostics We partnered with Foundation Medicine, Inc. (“Foundation”) to co-develop a companion diagnostic test to select ovarian cancer patients with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations for treatment with Rubraca. This test uses next-generation sequencing (“NGS”) for the detection of BRCA1/2 sequence alterations from ovarian tumor tissue. The assay was designated FoundationFocus™ CDx BRCA and was approved by the FDA on December 19, 2016. On April 6, 2018, the FDA approved a supplemental premarket approval (“sPMA”) application which extended the label claim to include assessment of genomic LOH. The modified test is called FoundationFocus™ CDx BRCA LOH. On November 30, 2017, Foundation announced FDA approval of its comprehensive companion diagnostic test for solid tumors, FoundationOne™ CDx, an NGS-based in vitro diagnostic device for detection of substitutions, insertion and deletion alterations, copy number alterations in 324 genes (including BRCA1/2), select gene rearrangements, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden. FoundationOne CDx is also approved as a companion diagnostic to select ovarian cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations for treatment with Rubraca. Foundation has a pending sPMA application that, if approved, will extend the label claim of this assay to include LOH. We also collaborated with Myriad Genetics, Inc. (“Myriad”) to support a post-marketing regulatory commitment related to Rubraca’s initial US approval in the ovarian cancer treatment setting. On Oct 16, 2018, FDA extended the label for BRACAnalysis CDx, a blood-based assay for the qualitative detection and classification of germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes, to include Rubraca. Lucitanib – a VEGFR, PDGFR and FGFR Inhibitor Lucitanib is an oral, potent inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (VEGFR1-3), platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (PDGFR α/β) and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (FGFR1-3). We believe that recent data for a drug similar to lucitanib that inhibits these same pathways – when combined with a PD-1 inhibitor – provide a validated and compelling hypothesis for development of lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor and a Clovis-sponsored study of lucitanib in combination with nivolumab is planned in gynecologic cancers. Based on encouraging data of VEGF and PARP inhibitors in 11 Table of Contents combination, we also plan to initiate a study of lucitanib in combination with Rubraca in ovarian cancer. We intend to initiate both of these combination studies during the first half of 2019. Following the return of the rights from Servier, we have global development and commercialization rights (except for China) for lucitanib. Competition The development and commercialization of new drugs is intensely competitive, and we face competition from major pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, universities and other research institutions worldwide. Our competitors may develop or market products or other novel technologies that are more effective, safer or less costly than any that have been or will be commercialized by us, or may obtain regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than we may obtain approval for ours. The acquisition or licensing of pharmaceutical products is also very competitive. More established companies, which have acknowledged strategies to license or acquire products, may have competitive advantages over us, as may other emerging companies that take similar or different approaches to product acquisitions. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we have. Our competitors also compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific, management and commercial personnel as well as in establishing clinical trial sites and patient enrollment for clinical trials. Additional mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry may result in even more resources being concentrated in our competitors. Competition may increase further because of advances made in the commercial applicability of technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in these fields. Our success will be based in part on our ability to build and actively manage a portfolio of drugs that addresses unmet medical needs and creates value in patient therapy. Rubraca Competition Lynparza®/olaparib (AstraZeneca UK Limited) was the first PARP inhibitor to market and has been approved in the US in the following indications: for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA- mutated (“gBRCAm” or “sBRCAm”) advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy; for the treatment of adult patients who have deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCAm advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with three or more prior lines of chemotherapy; for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy; and in patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCAm, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- negative metastatic breast cancer who have been treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic setting. Lynparza is approved in the EU as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed high grade serous epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) to platinum-based chemotherapy. AstraZeneca and Merck & Co., Inc. have a global strategic oncology collaboration to co-develop and co-commercialize Lynparza for multiple cancer types. Lynparza is being investigated, alone and in combination with other agents, in multiple indications across several tumor types, including breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Zejula®/niraparib (GlaxoSmithKline plc) is approved in the United States as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Additionally, Zejula is approved in the EU as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed high grade serous epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) to platinum-based chemotherapy. 12 Table of Contents Additional clinical investigations of Zejula in ovarian, breast and lung cancers are ongoing or planned. Janssen Pharmaceuticals has licensed rights to develop and commercialize niraparib specifically for patients with prostate cancer worldwide, except in Japan. Preliminary results announced in February 2019 for Janssen’s phase 2 GALAHAD study evaluating niraparib in patients with mCRPC and DNA-repair pathway defects showed that approximately 40 percent of patients with a BRCA1/2 mutation demonstrated a RECIST response. TALZENNA™/talazoparib (Pfizer Inc.) is approved in the US for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. There are several PARP inhibitors in clinical development including AbbVie Inc.’s veliparib and ABT-767, BeiGene, Ltd.’s BGB-290, Checkpoint Therapeutics Inc.’s CK-102, and Oncology Venture A/S’s 2X-121. While most PARP inhibitor development focuses on ovarian, breast and prostate cancers, additional efforts are aimed toward bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancers as well. In addition, combination approaches that include PARP inhibitors, including Lynparza and Zejula, with other anticancer agents are in various phases of clinical development across a variety of oncology indications. These combination therapies may result in future competitive pressure on Rubraca. Outside of the PARP class, Avastin®/bevacizumab is approved in the US in ovarian cancer for the following indications: epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by Avastin as a single agent, for Stage III or IV disease following initial surgical resection; epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in combination with paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, or topotecan for platinum-resistant recurrent disease who received no more than 2 prior chemotherapy regimens; and epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel or carboplatin and gemcitabine, followed by Avastin as a single agent, for platinum-sensitive recurrent disease. Additionally, Avastin®/bevacizumab is approved in the EU in ovarian cancer for the following indications: in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for the front-line treatment of adult patients with advanced (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages III B, III C and IV) epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer; in combination with carboplatin and gemcitabine or in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, for treatment of adult patients with first recurrence of platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who have not received prior therapy with bevacizumab or other VEGF inhibitors or VEGF receptor–targeted agents; and in combination with paclitaxel, topotecan, or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with platinum-resistant recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who received no more than two prior chemotherapy regimens and who have not received prior therapy with bevacizumab or other VEGF inhibitors or VEGF receptor–targeted agents. Other out-of-class agents approved for use in advanced ovarian cancer include chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. platinum-based doublets, platinum monotherapy, non-platinum chemotherapy, etc.), Doxil® (Janssen Biotech, Inc.), and Hycamtin® (Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation). There are additional out-of-class agents in clinical development that may pose a future competitive threat to Rubraca. License Agreements Pfizer Inc. In June 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer Inc. (“Pfizer”) to obtain the exclusive global rights to develop and commercialize Rubraca. The exclusive rights are exclusive even as to Pfizer and include the right to grant sublicenses. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made a $7.0 million upfront payment to Pfizer and are required to make additional payments to Pfizer for the achievement of certain development and regulatory and sales 13 Table of Contents milestones and royalties on sales as required by the license agreement. Prior to the FDA approval of Rubraca, we made milestone payments of $1.4 million, which were recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense. On August 30, 2016, we entered into a first amendment to the worldwide license agreement with Pfizer, which amends the June 2011 existing worldwide license agreement to permit us to defer payment of the milestone payments payable upon (i) FDA approval of an NDA for 1st Indication in US and (ii) EMA approval of an MAA for 1st Indication in the EU, to a date that is 18 months after the date of achievement of such milestones. On December 19, 2016, Rubraca received its initial FDA approval. This approval resulted in a $0.75 million milestone payment to Pfizer as required by the license agreement, which was paid in the first quarter of 2017. This FDA approval also resulted in an obligation to pay a $20.0 million milestone payment, for which we exercised the option to defer payment by agreeing to pay $23.0 million within 18 months after the date of the FDA approval. We paid the $23.0 million milestone payment in June 2018. On April 6, 2018, Rubraca received a second FDA approval. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $15.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in April 2018. In May 2018, Rubraca received its initial European Commission marketing authorization. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $20.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in June 2018. In January 2019, Rubraca received a second European Commission approval. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $15.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in February 2019. These milestone payments were recognized as intangible assets and amortized over the estimated remaining useful life of Rubraca. We are obligated under the license agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize Rubraca and we are responsible for all ongoing development and commercialization costs for Rubraca. We are required to make regulatory milestone payments to Pfizer of up to an additional $16.75 million in aggregate if specified clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptances and approvals are achieved. In addition, we are obligated to make sales milestone payments to Pfizer if specified annual sales targets for Rubraca are met, which relate to annual sales targets of $250.0 million and above, which, in the aggregate, could amount to total milestone payments of $170.0 million, and tiered royalty payments at a mid-teen percentage rate on our net sales, with standard provisions for royalty offsets to the extent we need to obtain any rights from third parties to commercialize Rubraca. The license agreement with Pfizer will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty and sublicense revenue obligations to Pfizer, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the license agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Pfizer can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to Rubraca and an obligation to assign or license to Pfizer any intellectual property rights or other rights we may have in Rubraca, including our regulatory filings, regulatory approvals, patents and trademarks for Rubraca. AstraZeneca UK Limited In April 2012, we entered into a license agreement with AstraZeneca UK Limited (“AstraZeneca”) to acquire exclusive rights associated with Rubraca under a family of patents and patent applications that claim methods of treating patients with PARP inhibitors in certain indications. The license enables the development and commercialization of Rubraca for the uses claimed by these patents. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made an upfront payment of $0.25 million upon execution of the agreement. During the second quarter of 2016, we made a milestone payment of $0.3 million to AstraZeneca upon the NDA submission for Rubraca. These payments were recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense. The FDA approval of Rubraca on December 19, 2016 resulted in a final $0.35 million milestone payment to AstraZeneca as required by the license agreement. This payment was recognized as intangible assets and amortized over the estimated remaining useful life of Rubraca. AstraZeneca also receives royalties on net sales of Rubraca. 14 Table of Contents Advenchen Laboratories LLC In October 2008, Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) (now known as Clovis Oncology Italy S.r.l.) entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen Laboratories LLC (“Advenchen”) to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China. We are obligated to pay Advenchen tiered royalties at percentage rates in the mid-single digits on net sales of lucitanib, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, after giving effect to the first and second amendments to the license agreement, we are required to pay to Advenchen 25% of any consideration, excluding royalties, we receive from sublicensees, in lieu of the milestone obligations set forth in the agreement. We are obligated under the agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize at least one product containing lucitanib, and we are also responsible for all remaining development and commercialization costs for lucitanib. The license agreement with Advenchen will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty obligations to Advenchen, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Advenchen can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to lucitanib. Les Laboratoires Servier In September 2012, EOS entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Les Laboratoires Servier and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (collectively, “Servier”), whereby EOS sublicensed to Servier exclusive rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib in all countries outside of the U.S., Japan and China. Following our acquisition of EOS, we and Servier were developing lucitanib pursuant to a development plan agreed to between the parties. During the second quarter of 2016, we and Servier agreed to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. In the second quarter of 2018, we received notice from Servier of its election to terminate the license agreement and return its rights to lucitanib to us. Such termination became effective in the fourth quarter of 2018. Celgene Corporation In May 2010, we entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with Avila Therapeutics, Inc. (now Celgene Avilomics Research Inc., part of Celgene Corporation (“Celgene”)) to discover, develop and commercialize a covalent inhibitor of mutant forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (“EGFR”) gene product. Rociletinib, an oral mutant-selective inhibitor of EGFR, was identified as the lead inhibitor candidate under the license agreement. Following the termination of enrollment in all sponsored clinical studies of rociletinib, we provided notice of termination to Celgene of our license rights to rociletinib, an oral mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (“EGFR”), and that termination will become effective in the second quarter of 2019. Government Regulation Government authorities in the United States (including federal, state and local authorities) and in other countries, extensively regulate, among other things, the manufacturing, research and clinical development, marketing, labeling and packaging, storage, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, advertising and promotion, pricing and export and import of pharmaceutical products. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with appropriate federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements may result in, among other things, warning letters, clinical holds, civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunction, disbarment, partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of the product from the market. U.S. Government Regulation In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”) and its implementing regulations. Drugs are also subject to other federal, state and local statutes and regulations. The process required by the FDA before product candidates may be marketed in the United States generally involves the following: completion of extensive non-clinical laboratory tests and non-clinical animal studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practice regulations; 15 Table of Contents submission to the FDA of an IND which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin and must be updated at least annually; performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication; submission to the FDA of a marketing authorization application in the form of an NDA for the initial commercial sale of a product, or of a sNDA, for approval of a new indication if the product is already approved for another indication; satisfactory completion of an FDA pre-approval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) and finished drug product are produced and tested to assess compliance with Current Good Manufacturing Practices (“cGMP”) and/or sites involved in clinical studies to assess compliance with Good Clinical Practices (“GCP”); if FDA convenes an advisory committee, satisfactory completion of the advisory committee review; and FDA review and approval of the marketing authorization application and product prescribing information prior to any commercial marketing or sale of the drug for the intended use. An IND is a request for authorization from the FDA to administer a product candidate to humans. The central focus of an IND submission is on the general investigational plan and the protocol(s) for human studies. The IND also includes results of animal studies or other human studies, as appropriate, as well as manufacturing information, analytical data and any available clinical data or literature to support the use of the product candidate. An IND must become effective before human clinical trials may begin. An IND will automatically become effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless before that time the FDA raises concerns or questions related to the proposed clinical trials, including concerns that human research subjects will be exposed to unreasonable health risks. In such a case, the IND may be placed on clinical hold requiring delay of a proposed clinical investigation, and the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns or questions before clinical trials can begin. Accordingly, submission of an IND may or may not result in the FDA allowing clinical trials to commence. Clinical trials involve the administration of the drug candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified investigators in accordance with GCP, which include the requirement that all research subjects provide their informed consent for their participation in any clinical trial. Clinical trials are conducted under protocols detailing, among other things, the objectives of the study, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety and the efficacy criteria to be evaluated. A protocol for each clinical trial and any subsequent protocol amendments must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. Additionally, approval must also be obtained from an Institutional Review Board (“IRB”) for each medical center proposing to conduct the clinical trial before the trials may be initiated, and the IRB must monitor the study until completed. Clinical trials are subject to central registration and results reporting requirements, such as on www.clinicaltrials.gov. The clinical investigation of a drug is generally divided into three phases. Although the phases are usually conducted sequentially, they may overlap or be combined. The three phases of an investigation are as follows: Phase 1. Phase 1 includes the initial introduction of the product candidate into humans. Phase 1 clinical trials are typically closely monitored and may be conducted in patients with the target disease or condition or in healthy volunteers. These studies are designed to evaluate the safety, dosage tolerance, metabolism and pharmacologic actions of product candidate in humans, the side effects associated with increasing doses, and if possible, to gain early evidence on effectiveness. During Phase 1 clinical trials, sufficient information about the product candidate’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects may be obtained to permit the design of well-controlled and scientifically valid Phase 2 clinical trials. The total number of participants included in Phase 1 clinical trials varies but is generally in the range of 20 to 80. Phase 2. Phase 2 includes controlled clinical trials conducted to preliminarily or further evaluate the effectiveness of the product candidate for a particular indication(s) in patients with the disease or condition under study, to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage, and to identify possible adverse side effects and safety risks associated with the drug. Phase 2 clinical trials are typically well-controlled, closely monitored, and conducted in a limited patient population, usually involving no more than several hundred participants. Phase 3. Phase 3 clinical trials are generally controlled clinical trials conducted in an expanded patient population generally at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites. They are performed after preliminary 16 Table of Contents evidence suggesting effectiveness of the drug has been obtained and are intended to further evaluate dosage, clinical effectiveness and safety, to establish the overall benefit-risk relationship of the investigational drug product and to provide an adequate basis for product approval. Phase 3 clinical trials usually involve several hundred to several thousand participants. A pivotal study is a clinical study which adequately meets regulatory agency requirements for the evaluation of a drug candidate’s efficacy and safety such that it can be used to justify the approval of the product. Generally, pivotal studies are also Phase 3 studies but may be Phase 2 studies if the trial design provides a well-controlled and reliable assessment of clinical benefit, particularly in situations where there is an unmet medical need. The FDA, an IRB or the clinical trial sponsor may suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Additionally, some clinical trials are overseen by an independent group of qualified experts organized by the clinical trial sponsor, known as an Independent Data Monitoring Committee (“IDMC”). The IDMC receives special access to un-blinded data during the clinical trial and may halt the clinical trial if it determines that there is an unacceptable safety risk for subjects or other grounds, such as no demonstration of efficacy. We may also suspend or terminate a clinical trial based on evolving business objectives and/or competitive climate. Assuming successful completion of all required testing in accordance with all applicable regulatory requirements, detailed product development information is submitted to the FDA in the form of an NDA or sNDA requesting approval to market the product for one or more indications. The application includes all relevant data available from pertinent non-clinical and clinical trials, including negative or ambiguous results, as well as positive findings, together with detailed information relating to the product’s chemistry, manufacturing, controls and proposed labeling, among other things. Data can come from company-sponsored clinical trials intended to test the safety and effectiveness of a use of a product, or from a number of alternative sources, including studies initiated by investigators. To support marketing approval, the data submitted must be sufficient in quality and quantity to establish the safety and effectiveness of the product candidate to the satisfaction of the FDA. Once the marketing application submission has been accepted for filing, the FDA’s goal is to review applications within 10 months of acceptance for filing or, if the sponsor has been granted priority review designation, on the basis of an improvement in the treatments of a serious condition, six months from acceptance for filing. The review process is often significantly extended by FDA requests for additional information or clarification. The FDA may refer the application to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it typically follows such recommendations. After the FDA evaluates the NDA or sNDA and conducts inspections of clinical research facilities and/or manufacturing facilities where the drug product and/or its API will be produced, it may issue an approval letter or a Complete Response Letter. An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. A Complete Response Letter indicates that the review cycle of the application is complete, and the application is not ready for approval. A Complete Response Letter may require additional clinical data and/or an additional pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial(s), and/or other significant, expensive and time-consuming requirements related to clinical trials, non-clinical studies or manufacturing. Even if such additional information is submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that the application does not satisfy the criteria for approval. The FDA could also approve the NDA with a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies plan to mitigate risks, which could include medication guides, physician communication plans or elements to assure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries and other risk minimization tools. The FDA also may condition approval on, among other things, changes to proposed labeling, development of adequate controls and specifications or a commitment to conduct one or more post-market studies or clinical trials. Such post-market testing may include Phase IV clinical trials and surveillance to further assess and monitor the product’s safety and effectiveness after commercialization. Regulatory approval of oncology products often requires that patients in clinical trials be followed for long periods to determine the overall survival benefit of the drug. Products manufactured or distributed pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including recordkeeping requirements and reporting of adverse experiences with the drug. Adverse event experience with the product must be reported to the FDA in a timely fashion and pharmacovigilance programs to proactively look 17 Table of Contents for these adverse events are mandated by the FDA. Newly discovered or developed safety or effectiveness data may require changes to a product’s approved labeling, including the addition of new warnings and contraindications and also may require the implementation of other risk management measures. Drug manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for quality and compliance, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our third-party manufacturers. Following such inspections, the FDA may issue notices on Form FDA 483 and Warning Letters that could cause us to modify certain activities. A Form FDA 483 notice, if issued at the conclusion of an FDA inspection, can list conditions the FDA investigators believe may have violated cGMP or other FDA regulations or guidance. Failure to adequately and promptly correct the observations(s) can result in further regulatory enforcement action. In addition to Form FDA 483 notices and Warning Letters, failure to comply with the statutory and regulatory requirements can subject a manufacturer to possible legal or regulatory action, such as suspension of manufacturing, seizure of product, injunctive action or possible civil penalties. In addition, changes to the manufacturing process are strictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also require investigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting and documentation requirements upon us and any third-party manufacturers that we may decide to use. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP and other aspects of regulatory compliance. Government Regulation Outside of the United States In addition to regulations in the United States, we are subject to a variety of regulations in other jurisdictions governing, among other things, clinical trials and any commercial sales and distribution of our products. The approval process and requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing, and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. Regardless of whether we hold FDA approval for a product, we must obtain the requisite approvals from regulatory authorities in foreign countries prior to the commencement of clinical trials or marketing of the product in those countries. Certain countries outside of the United States have a similar process that requires the submission of a clinical trial application much like the IND prior to the commencement of human clinical trials. In Europe, for example, a clinical trial application, (“CTA”) must be submitted to each country’s national health authority and an independent ethics committee, much like the FDA and IRB, respectively. Once the CTA is approved in accordance with a country’s requirements, clinical trial development may proceed. Medicines can be authorized in the European Union by using either the centralized authorization procedure or national authorization procedures. Under the centralized procedure, marketing authorization applications are submitted to the EMA whose CHMP reviews the application and issues an opinion on it. The opinion is considered by the European Commission (“EC”) which is responsible for deciding applications. If the application is approved, the EC grants a single marketing authorization that is valid for all European Union member states as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The centralized procedure is compulsory for human medicines that contain a new active substance indicated for the treatment of certain diseases, including cancer. The national authorization procedures, the decentralized and mutual recognition procedures, are available for products for which the centralized procedure is not compulsory. Using the decentralized procedure, an applicant may apply for simultaneous authorization in more than one European Union country of medicinal products that have not yet been authorized in any European Union country and that do not fall within the mandatory scope of the centralized procedure. Under the mutual recognition procedure, a medicine is first authorized in one European Union Member State, in accordance with the national procedures of that country. Following this, further marketing authorizations can be sought from other European Union countries in a procedure whereby the countries concerned agree to recognize the validity of the original, national marketing authorization 18 Table of Contents Available Special Regulatory Procedures Formal Meetings We are encouraged to engage and seek guidance from health authorities relating to the development and review of investigational drugs, as well as marketing applications. In the United States, there are different types of official meetings that may occur between us and the FDA. Each meeting type is subject to different procedures. Conclusions and agreements from each of these meetings are captured in the official final meeting minutes issued by the FDA. The EMA also provides the opportunity for dialogue with us. This is usually done in the form of Scientific Advice, which is given by the Scientific Advice Working Party of CHMP. A fee is incurred with each Scientific Advice meeting. Advice from either the FDA or EMA is typically provided based on questions concerning, for example, quality (chemistry, manufacturing and controls testing), nonclinical testing and clinical studies and pharmacovigilance plans and risk-management programs. Such advice is not legally binding on the sponsor. To obtain binding commitments from the FDA in the United States, Special Protocol Assessment (“SPA”) procedures are available. A SPA is an evaluation by the FDA of a protocol with the goal of reaching an agreement with the sponsor that the protocol design, clinical endpoints and statistical analyses are acceptable to support regulatory approval of the product candidate with respect to effectiveness in the indication studied. The FDA’s agreement to a SPA is binding upon the FDA except in limited circumstances, such as if the FDA identifies a substantial scientific issue essential to determining the safety or effectiveness of the product after clinical studies begin, or if the study sponsor fails to follow the protocol that was agreed upon with the FDA. There is no guarantee that a study will ultimately be adequate to support an approval even if the study is subject to a SPA. Orphan Drug Designation The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or if it affects more than 200,000 individuals in the United States and there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making the drug for this type of disease or condition will be recovered from sales in the United States. In the European Union, the EMA’s Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products grants orphan drug designation to promote the development of products that are intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of life-threatening or chronically debilitating conditions affecting not more than five in 10,000 persons in the European Union Community. Additionally, designation is granted for products intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of a life-threatening, seriously debilitating or serious and chronic condition and when, without incentives, it is unlikely that sales of the drug in the European Union would be sufficient to justify the necessary investment in developing the drug or biological product. In the United States, orphan drug designation entitles a party to financial incentives such as opportunities for grant funding towards clinical trial costs, tax advantages and user-fee waivers. In addition, if a product receives the first FDA approval for the indication for which it has orphan designation, the product is entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other application to market the same drug for the same indication for a period of seven years, except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority over the product with orphan exclusivity. In the European Union, orphan drug designation also entitles a party to financial incentives such as reduction of fees or fee waivers and 10 years of market exclusivity is granted following drug or biological product approval. This period may be reduced to six years if the orphan drug designation criteria are no longer met, including where it is shown that the product is sufficiently profitable not to justify maintenance of market exclusivity. Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting an application for marketing approval. Orphan drug designation does not convey any advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the regulatory review and approval process. Pediatric Development In the United States, the FDCA provides for an additional six months of marketing exclusivity for a drug if reports are filed of investigations studying the use of the drug product in a pediatric population in response to a written request from the FDA. Separate from this potential exclusivity benefit, NDAs must contain data (or a proposal for post-marketing 19 Table of Contents activity) to assess the safety and effectiveness of an investigational drug product for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric populations in order to support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the drug is safe and effective. The FDA may, on its own initiative or at the request of the applicant, grant deferrals for submission of some or all pediatric data until after approval of the product for use in adults or full or partial waivers if certain criteria are met. Discussions about pediatric development plans can be discussed with the FDA at any time, but usually occur any time between the end-of- Phase II meeting and submission of the NDA. For the EMA, a Pediatric Investigation Plan, and/or a request for waiver or deferral, has to be agreed prior to submitting an initial marketing authorization application and prior to submitting a variation to an existing Marketing Authorization to add an additional indication. Breakthrough Therapy Designation in the United States The U.S. Congress created the Breakthrough Therapy designation program as a result of the passage of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act of 2012. FDA may grant Breakthrough Therapy status to a drug intended for the treatment of a serious condition when preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints. The Breakthrough Therapy designation, which may be requested by a sponsor when filing or amending an IND, is intended to facilitate and expedite the development and FDA review of a product candidate. Specifically, the Breakthrough Therapy designation may entitle the sponsor to more frequent meetings with the FDA during drug development, intensive guidance on clinical trial design and expedited FDA review by a cross-disciplinary team comprised of senior managers. The designation does not guarantee a faster development or review time as compared to other drugs, however, nor does it assure that the drug will obtain ultimate marketing approval by the FDA. Once granted, the FDA may withdraw this designation at any time. Expedited Review and Approval in the United States The FDA has various programs, including Fast Track, priority review and accelerated approval, which are intended to expedite or simplify the process for reviewing drugs and biologics, and/or provide for the approval of a drug or biologic on the basis of a surrogate endpoint. Even if a drug qualifies for one or more of these programs, the FDA may later decide that the drug no longer meets the conditions for qualification or that the time period for FDA review or approval will be shortened. Generally, drugs that are eligible for these programs are those for serious or life-threatening conditions, those with the potential to address unmet medical needs and those that offer meaningful benefits over existing treatments. For example, based on results of the Phase 3 clinical trial(s) submitted in an NDA, upon the request of an applicant, the FDA may grant the NDA a priority review designation, which sets the target date for FDA action on the application at six months from the 60-day filing date, if the drug is a new molecular entity, rather than to the standard FDA review period of 10 months. Priority review is granted where preliminary estimates indicate that a product, if approved, has the potential to provide a safe and effective therapy where no satisfactory alternative therapy exists, or a significant improvement compared to marketed products is possible. Priority review designation does not change the scientific/medical standard for approval or the quality of evidence necessary to support approval. Fast Track is a designation which is more similar to the Breakthrough Therapy designation, but is granted based on preliminary data including non-clinical or mechanistic data, and allows more frequent communication with FDA to expedite drug development Accelerated approval provides for an earlier approval for a new drug that is intended to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit and is better than available therapy. A surrogate endpoint is a laboratory measurement or physical sign used as an indirect or substitute measurement representing a clinically meaningful outcome. The FDA will also take into account the severity, rarity or prevalence of the condition. As a condition of approval for drugs granted accelerated approval, one or more post-marketing confirmatory studies are required to confirm as predicted by the surrogate marker trial an effect on clinical benefit, which is defined as having a positive effect on how a patient feels, functions or survives. 20 Table of Contents Accelerated Review in the European Union Under the Centralized Procedure in the European Union, the maximum timeframe for the evaluation of a marketing authorization application is 210 days (excluding clock stops, when additional written or oral information is to be provided by the applicant in response to questions asked by the CHMP). Accelerated evaluation might be granted by the CHMP in exceptional cases, when a medicinal product is expected to be of a major public health interest, defined by three cumulative criteria: the seriousness of the disease (e.g. heavy disabling or life-threatening diseases) to be treated; the absence or insufficiency of an appropriate alternative therapeutic approach; and anticipation of high therapeutic benefit. In this circumstance, EMA ensures that the opinion of the CHMP is given within 150 days of submission of the MAA, excluding clock stops. Pharmaceutical Coverage, Pricing and Reimbursement Significant uncertainty exists as to the coverage and reimbursement status of any drug products for which we obtain regulatory approval. In the United States and markets in other countries, sales of any products for which we receive regulatory approval for commercial sale depend in part on the availability of reimbursement from third-party payors. Third-party payors include government health administrative authorities, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. The process for determining whether a payor will provide coverage for a drug product may be separate from the process for setting the price or reimbursement rate that the payor will pay for the drug product. Third-party payors may limit coverage to specific drug products on an approved list, or formulary, which might not include all of the FDA-approved drugs for a particular indication. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the price and examining the medical necessity and cost-effectiveness of medical products and services, in addition to their safety and efficacy. We may need to conduct expensive pharmacoeconomic studies in order to demonstrate the medical necessity and cost effectiveness of our products, in addition to the costs required to obtain FDA approvals. The development of a product dossier and a Budget Impact Model may be helpful in assisting the payors in evaluating cost effectiveness. Our approved products may not be considered medically necessary or cost-effective. A payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drug product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be established. Adequate third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment in product development. Third-party payors may also impose price protection in their contracts with manufacturers to limit the manufacturer’s ability to increase price in exchange of providing equal access to the drug product vs. other competing drugs. There have been a number of federal and state proposals in recent years regarding the pricing of pharmaceutical products, government control and other changes to the healthcare system of the United States. The U.S. government enacted legislation providing a partial prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries. Government payment for some of the costs of prescription drugs may increase demand for any products for which we receive marketing approval; however, to obtain payments under this program, we are required to sell products to Medicare recipients through prescription drug plans operating pursuant to this legislation. These plans will likely negotiate discounted prices for our products. Additionally, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, the “Affordable Care Act”) was enacted in 2010 with a goal of reducing the cost of healthcare and substantially changing the way healthcare is financed by both government and private insurers. Among other cost containment measures, the Affordable Care Act established: An annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents; A Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which pharmaceutical manufacturers who wish to have their drugs covered under Part D must offer discounts to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period (the “donut hole”); and A formula that increases the rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. Since its enactment, there have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the Affordable Care Act. We expect that the current presidential administration and U.S. Congress will likely continue to seek to modify, repeal, or otherwise invalidate all, or certain provisions of, the Affordable Care Act. Most recently, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted, which, among other things, removes penalties for not complying with Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate to carry health insurance. There is still uncertainty with respect to the impact President Trump’s administration and the U.S. Congress may have, if any, and any changes will likely take time to unfold, and could have 21 Table of Contents an impact on coverage and reimbursement for healthcare items and services covered by plans that were authorized by the Affordable Care Act. Recently there has been heightened governmental scrutiny over the manner in which manufacturers set prices for their marketed products, which has resulted in several Congressional inquiries and proposed bills designed to, among other things, reform government program reimbursement methodologies. Individual states in the United States have also become increasingly active in implementing regulations designed to control pharmaceutical product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures, and, in some cases, designed to encourage importation from other countries and bulk purchasing. We expect that federal, state and local governments in the United States will continue to consider legislation to limit the growth of healthcare costs, including the cost of prescription drugs. Future legislation could limit payments for pharmaceuticals such as our products. Moreover, payment methodologies, including payment for companion diagnostics, have been subject to changes due to healthcare legislation and regulatory initiatives. For example, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(“CMS”) began bundling the Medicare payments for certain laboratory tests ordered while a patient received services in a hospital outpatient setting. Additionally, on April 1, 2014, the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014, or PAMA, was signed into law, which, among other things, significantly alters the current payment methodology under the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule. Beginning on January 1, 2018, the Medicare payment rate for each clinical diagnostic lab test, with some exceptions, is equal to the weighted median private payer payment for the test, as calculated using data collected by applicable laboratories during the data collection period and reported to CMS during a specified data reporting period. Also under PAMA, CMS is required to adopt temporary billing codes to identify new clinical diagnostic laboratory tests and advanced diagnostic laboratory tests that do not already have unique diagnostic codes, and that have been cleared or approved by the FDA. Different pricing and reimbursement schemes exist in other countries and vary widely from country to country. In the European Community, governments influence the price of pharmaceutical products through their pricing and reimbursement rules and control of national health care systems that fund a large part of the cost of those products to consumers. Some jurisdictions operate positive and negative list systems under which products may only be marketed once a reimbursement price has been agreed. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval, some of these countries may require the completion of clinical trials that compare the cost-effectiveness of a particular product candidate to currently available therapies. Other member states allow companies to fix their own prices for medicines but monitor and control company profits. The downward pressure on health care costs in general, particularly prescription drugs, has become very intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products. In addition, in some countries, cross-border imports from low-priced markets exert a commercial pressure on pricing within a country. There can be no assurance that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations for pharmaceutical products will allow favorable reimbursement and pricing arrangements for any of our products. Historically, products launched in the European Union do not follow price structures of the United States and generally prices tend to be significantly lower. The marketability of any products for which we receive regulatory approval for commercial sale may suffer if the government and third-party payors fail to provide adequate coverage and reimbursement. In addition, emphasis on reducing the rate of healthcare spending in the United States has increased, and we expect will continue to increase the pressure on pharmaceutical pricing. There has been particular and increasing legislative interest in the United States with respect to drug pricing practices, particularly with respect to drugs that have been subject to relatively large price increases over relatively short time periods. Certain independent charitable foundations operate programs that provide grants to defray medical expenses (including cost- sharing obligations for drug treatments and health insurance premiums) for patients who meet certain financial need criteria and suffer from specific chronic illnesses or rare disorders. There has been recent enforcement interest regarding donations by pharmaceutical manufacturers to such foundations on the bases that such donations were used in part to guide patients to those donors’ products or that the donors obtained data on how the donations were used, including how often donations correlate to the frequency of referrals to donors’ products. There have been several U.S. Congressional inquiries and proposed bills designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to drug pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for drugs. Coverage policies and third-party reimbursement rates may change at any time. Even if favorable coverage and reimbursement status is attained for one or more products for which we receive regulatory approval, less favorable coverage policies and reimbursement 22 Table of Contents rates may be implemented in the future. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our products. Advertising and Promotion The FDA and other U.S. federal regulatory agencies closely regulate the marketing and promotion of drugs through, among other things, the FDCA and the FDA’s implementing regulations and standards. The FDA’s review of marketing and promotional activities encompasses, but is not limited to, direct-to-consumer advertising, healthcare provider-directed advertising and promotion, sales representative communications to healthcare professionals, communications regarding unapproved or “off-label” uses, industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities and promotional activities involving the internet. A product cannot be commercially promoted before it is approved. After approval, product promotion can include only those claims relating to safety and effectiveness that are consistent with the labeling approved by the FDA. FDA regulations impose stringent restrictions on manufacturers’ communications regarding off-label uses. Failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements and restrictions regarding unapproved uses of a drug or for other violations of its advertising and labeling laws and regulations, may result in adverse publicity and enforcement action by the FDA, the Department of Justice or the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, as well as state authorities. A range of penalties are possible that could have significant commercial consequences, including product seizures, injunctions, administrative remedies, civil and/or criminal fines, agreements that materially restrict the manner in which a company promotes or distributes its products, or regulatory enforcement letters which may require corrective advertising or other corrective communications to healthcare professionals. Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance Requirements We are subject to various laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry, including anti-kickback laws and false claims laws. For example, in the United States, there are federal and state anti-kickback laws that prohibit the payment or receipt of kickbacks, bribes or other remuneration intended to induce the purchase or recommendation of healthcare products and services or reward past purchases or recommendations. Violations of these laws can lead to civil and criminal penalties, including fines, imprisonment and administrative remedies such as exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, recommending, or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The reach of the Anti-Kickback Statute was broadened by the Affordable Care Act, which, among other things, amended the intent requirement of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the applicable criminal healthcare fraud statutes contained within 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b. Pursuant to the statutory amendment, a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. In addition, the Affordable Care Act provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the civil False Claims Act (discussed below) or the civil monetary penalties statute. Many states have adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, some of which apply to the referral of patients for healthcare items or services reimbursed by any source, not only the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The federal False Claims Act imposes liability on any person who, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment by a federal program, including federal healthcare programs. The “qui tam” provisions of the False Claims Act allow a private individual to bring civil actions on behalf of the federal government alleging that the defendant has submitted a false claim to the federal government, and to share in any monetary recovery. In addition, various states have enacted false claims laws analogous to the False Claims Act. Many of these state laws apply where a claim is submitted to any third-party payor and not merely a federal healthcare program. When an entity is determined to have violated the False Claims Act, it may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus civil fines and penalties. In addition, a person who offers or transfers to a Medicare or Medicaid beneficiary any remuneration, including waivers of co- payments and deductible amounts (or any part thereof), that the person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary’s selection of a particular provider, practitioner or supplier of Medicare or Medicaid payable items or services may be liable for civil monetary penalties of up to $20,000 for each wrongful act. Moreover, in certain cases, providers who routinely waive copayments and deductibles for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries can also be 23 Table of Contents held liable under the Anti-kickback Statute and civil False Claims Act, which can impose additional penalties associated with the wrongful act. One of the statutory exceptions to the prohibition is non-routine, unadvertised waivers of copayments or deductible amounts based on individualized determinations of financial need or exhaustion of reasonable collection efforts. The Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services emphasizes, however, that this exception should only be used occasionally to address special financial needs of a particular patient. Although this prohibition applies only to federal healthcare program beneficiaries, the routine waivers of copayments and deductibles offered to patients covered by commercial payers may implicate applicable state laws related to, among other things, unlawful schemes to defraud, excessive fees for services, tortious interference with patient contracts and statutory or common law fraud. To the extent our patient assistance programs are found to be inconsistent with applicable laws, we may be required to restructure or discontinue such programs or be subject to other significant penalties. In addition to the laws described above, the Affordable Care Act also imposed new reporting requirements on drug manufacturers for payments made to physicians and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Failure to submit required information may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $169,170 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1.128 million per year for “knowing failures”), for all payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Applicable drug manufacturers are required to collect data for each calendar year and submit reports to CMS by March 31st of each subsequent calendar year. In addition, there are also an increasing number of state laws that require manufacturers to make reports to states on pricing and marketing information. These laws may affect our sales, marketing, and other promotional activities by imposing administrative and compliance burdens on us. For those marketed products which are covered in the United States by the Medicaid program, we have various obligations, including government price calculation and reporting and rebate requirements, which generally require products be offered at substantial rebates/discounts to Medicaid and certain purchasers (including “covered entities” purchasing under the 340B Drug Discount Program). We are also required to discount such products to authorized users of the Federal Supply Schedule of the General Services Administration, under which additional laws and requirements apply. These programs require submission of pricing data and calculation of discounts and rebates pursuant to complex statutory formulas, as well as the execution of government procurement contracts governed by the Federal Acquisition Regulations, and the guidance governing such calculations is not always clear. Compliance with such requirements can require significant investment in personnel, systems and resources, but failure to properly calculate our prices, or offer required discounts or rebates could subject us to substantial penalties. One component of the rebate and discount calculations under the Medicaid and 340B programs, respectively, is the “additional rebate”, a complex calculation which is based, in part, on the rate at which a branded drug price increases over time as compared to the rate of inflation (based on the CPI-U published by the Department of labor). This comparison is based on the baseline pricing data for the first full quarter of sales associated with a branded drug’s NDA, and baseline data cannot generally be reset, even on transfer of the NDA to another manufacturer. This “additional rebate” calculation can, in some cases where price increases have been relatively high versus the first quarter of sales of the NDA, result in Medicaid rebates up to 100% of a drug’s “average manufacturer price” and 340B prices of one penny. Separately, subject to the control of Directive 89/105/EEC, pricing and reimbursement in the EU/EEA (“European Economic Area”) is governed by national rules and policy and may vary from Member State to Member State. Also, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) created several new federal crimes, including health care fraud and false statements relating to health care matters. Most healthcare providers who are expected to prescribe our products and from whom we obtain patient health information are subject to privacy and security requirements under HIPAA. Although we are not directly subject to HIPAA, we could be subject to criminal penalties if we knowingly obtain individually identifiable health information from a HIPAA-covered entity in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by HIPAA. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. Other countries also have, or are developing, laws governing the collection, use and transmission of personal information. For example, the EU Data Privacy Directive (95/46/EC), which was replaced on May 25, 2018 by the more restrictive General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) and the Swiss Federal Data Protection Act and Data Protection Ordinance, regulate the processing of personal data within the European Union and between countries in the European Union and countries outside of the European Union, including the U.S. Failure to provide adequate privacy protections and maintain compliance with the EU-U.S. and Swiss-U.S Privacy Shield Frameworks, could jeopardize 24 Table of Contents business transactions across borders and result in significant penalties. These laws could create liability for us or increase our cost of doing business. Regulation of Diagnostic Tests In the United States, the FDCA and its implementing regulations, and other federal and state statutes and regulations govern, among other things, medical device design and development, non-clinical and clinical testing, premarket clearance or approval, registration and listing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, advertising and promotion, sales and distribution, export and import, and post-market surveillance. Diagnostic tests are classified as medical devices under the FDCA. Unless an exemption applies, diagnostic tests require marketing clearance or approval from the FDA prior to commercial distribution. The two primary types of FDA marketing authorization applicable to a medical device are premarket notification, also called 510(k) clearance, and premarket approval, or PMA approval. Because the diagnostic tests being developed by our third-party collaborators are of substantial importance in preventing impairment of human health, they are subject to the PMA approval process. PMA applications must be supported by valid scientific evidence, which typically requires extensive data, including technical, non-clinical, clinical and manufacturing data, to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction the safety and effectiveness of the device. For diagnostic tests, a PMA application typically includes data regarding analytical and clinical validation studies. As part of its review of the PMA, the FDA will conduct a pre-approval inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities to ensure compliance with the Quality System Regulation, or QSR, which requires manufacturers to follow design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures. FDA review of an initial PMA application is required by statute to take between six to ten months, although the process typically takes longer, and may require several years to complete. If the FDA evaluations of both the PMA application and the manufacturing facilities are favorable, the FDA will either issue an approval letter or an approvable letter, which usually contains a number of conditions that must be met in order to secure the final approval of the PMA. If the FDA’s evaluation of the PMA or manufacturing facilities is not favorable, the FDA will deny approval of the PMA or issue a not approvable letter. A not approvable letter will outline the deficiencies in the application and, where practical, will identify what is necessary to make the PMA approvable. The FDA may also determine that additional clinical trials are necessary, in which case the PMA approval may be delayed for several months or years while the trials are conducted and then the data submitted in an amendment to the PMA. Once granted, PMA approval may be withdrawn by the FDA if compliance with post approval requirements, conditions of approval or other regulatory standards is not maintained, or problems are identified following initial marketing. We and our third-party collaborators who are developing companion diagnostics work cooperatively to generate the data required for submission with a PMA application, and remain in close contact with the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (“CDRH”) at the FDA to ensure that any changes in requirements are incorporated into the development plans. Meetings with the FDA with regard to our drug product candidates, as well as companion diagnostic product candidates, typically include representatives from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and CDRH when appropriate to ensure that the NDA and PMA submissions are coordinated to enable FDA to conduct a parallel review of both submissions. The FDA has issued guidance documents addressing the development and approval process for “In Vitro Companion Diagnostic Devices.” According to these guidance documents, for novel therapeutic products such as our product candidates, the PMA for a companion diagnostic device should generally be developed and approved or cleared contemporaneously with the therapeutic. In the EEA, in vitro medical devices are required to conform to the essential requirements of the E.U. Directive on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (Directive No 98/79/EC, as amended). To demonstrate compliance with the essential requirements, the manufacturer must undergo a conformity assessment procedure. The conformity assessment varies according to the type of medical device and its classification. For low-risk devices, the conformity assessment can be carried out internally, but for higher risk devices it requires the intervention of an accredited EEA Notified Body. If successful, the conformity assessment concludes with the drawing up by the manufacturer of an EC Declaration of Conformity entitling the manufacturer to affix the CE mark to its products and to sell them throughout the EEA. The data generated for the U.S. registration will be sufficient to satisfy the regulatory requirements for the European Union and other countries. 25 Table of Contents Patents and Proprietary Rights The proprietary nature of, and protection for, our product candidates, processes and know-how are important to our business. Our success depends in part on our ability to protect the proprietary nature of our product candidates, technology, and know-how, to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others, and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights. We seek patent protection in the United States and internationally for our product candidates and other technology. Our policy is to patent or in-license the technology, inventions and improvements that we consider important to the development of our business. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how and continuing innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position. We cannot be sure that patents will be granted with respect to any of our pending patent applications or with respect to any patent applications filed by us in the future, nor can we be sure that any of our existing patents or any patents granted to us in the future will be commercially useful in protecting our technology. In June 2011, we obtained an exclusive, worldwide license from Pfizer to develop and commercialize rucaparib. In April 2012, we obtained an exclusive license from AstraZeneca under a family of patents and patent applications which permits the development and commercialization of rucaparib for certain methods of treating patients with PARP inhibitors. U.S. Patent 6,495,541, directed to the rucaparib composition of matter and its equivalent counterparts issued in dozens of countries, expires in 2020 and are potentially eligible for up to five years patent term extension in various jurisdictions. We believe that patent term extension under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (the “Hatch-Waxman Act”) could be available to extend our patent exclusivity for rucaparib to the fourth quarter of 2023 in the United States. Additionally, other patents and patent applications are directed to methods of making, methods of using, dosing regimens, various salt and polymorphic forms and formulations and have expiration dates ranging from 2020 through potentially 2035, including the rucaparib camsylate salt/polymorph patent family licensed from Pfizer, which expires in 2031 and a patent family directed to high dosage strength rucaparib tablets that expires in 2035. As of 2019, the rucaparib camsylate salt/polymorph patent was issued in 47 countries to date (including US and Europe), with applications pending in 9 countries, the rucaparib composition of matter patent was issued in 48 countries and the high dosage strength rucaparib tablets patent was issued in the U.S. and pending in Europe in 14 countries. Two oppositions were filed in the granted European counterpart of the rucaparib camsylate salt/polymorph patent on June 20, 2017. European oppositions are commonly filed against patents related to pharmaceutical products. The European Patent Office’s Opposition Division held an oral hearing on December 4, 2018, during which it upheld claims, narrowed from the originally granted patent, to certain crystalline forms of rucaparib camsylate, including, but not limited to, rucaparib S-camsylate Form A, the crystalline form in Rubraca. On February 4, 2019, the Opposition Division issued a written decision confirming its decision at the oral hearing. Clovis and/or either opponent have an opportunity to appeal the written decision of the European Opposition Division. Notices of appeal are due April 14, 2019 and appeal briefs are due June 14, 2019. If appealed, all claims in the originally granted patent will remain in force until the Technical Board of Appeal issues its decision. The rucaparib camsylate salt/polymorph patent expires in 2031. We have filed for patent term extension under a supplementary protection certificate for Rubraca in the European counterpart of the rucaparib camsylate salt/polymorph patent and believe that extension could be available to 2033. Patents in our high dosage strength rucaparib tablets patent family issued in the United States, with claims that cover the commercial Rubraca product, including all commercial dosage strengths expire in 2035. Additionally, in Europe, regulatory exclusivity is available for ten years, plus one year for a new indication, therefore, we have regulatory exclusivity for Rubraca in Europe until 2028, and if an additional indication is approved, until 2029. We obtained rights to lucitanib by acquiring EOS in November 2013, along with its license agreements with Advenchen and Servier. In October 2008, EOS entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China. In September 2012, EOS entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Servier whereby EOS sublicensed to Servier exclusive rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib in all countries outside of the U.S., Japan and China. In October 2018, Servier terminated the collaboration and license agreement. Composition of matter and method of use patent protection for lucitanib and a group of structurally-related compounds is issued in the U.S., Europe and Japan and is issued or pending in other jurisdictions. In the U.S., the composition of matter patent will expire in 2030, and in other jurisdictions, it expires in 2028. We believe that patent term extension could be available to extend our composition of matter patent up to five years beyond the scheduled expiration under the Hatch-Waxman Act. Additionally, patents or patent applications directed to methods of manufacturing lucitanib are issued or pending in the United States, Europe, Japan, and China. In addition, we intend to seek patent protection whenever available for any products or product candidates and related technology we acquire in the future. 26 Table of Contents The patent positions of pharmaceutical firms like us are generally uncertain and involve complex legal, scientific and factual questions. In addition, the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before the patent is issued. Consequently, we do not know whether any of the product candidates we acquire, or license will gain patent protection or, if any patents are issued, whether they will provide significant proprietary protection or will be challenged, circumvented or invalidated. Because patent applications in the United States and certain other jurisdictions are maintained in secrecy for 18 months, and since publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries, until that time we cannot be certain that we were the first to file any patent application related to our product candidates. Moreover, we may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“U.S. PTO”) to determine priority of invention or in opposition or other third-party proceedings in the U.S. or a foreign patent office, either of which could result in substantial cost to us, even if the eventual outcome is favorable to us. There can be no assurance that the patents, if issued, would be held valid by a court of competent jurisdiction. An adverse outcome in a third-party patent dispute could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require disputed rights to be licensed from third parties or require us to cease using specific compounds or technology. The term of individual patents depends upon the legal term of the patents in the countries in which they are obtained. In most countries in which we file, the patent term is 20 years from the earliest date of filing a non-provisional patent application. In the United States, a patent’s term may be lengthened by patent term adjustment, which compensates a patentee for administrative delays by the U.S. PTO in granting a patent or may be shortened if a patent is terminally disclaimed over another patent. The patent term of a patent that covers an FDA-approved drug may also be eligible for patent term extension, which permits patent term restoration as compensation for the patent term lost during the FDA regulatory review process. The Hatch-Waxman Act permits a patent term extension of up to five years beyond the expiration of the patent. The length of the patent term extension is related to the length of time the drug is under regulatory review. Patent extension cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the date of product approval and only one patent applicable to an approved drug may be extended. Similar provisions are available in Europe and other non-U.S. jurisdictions to extend the term of a patent that covers an approved drug. In the future, if and when our pharmaceutical products receive FDA approval, we expect to apply for patent term extensions on patents covering those products. To protect our rights to any of our issued patents and proprietary information, we may need to litigate against infringing third parties, or avail ourselves of the courts or participate in hearings to determine the scope and validity of those patents or other proprietary rights. These types of proceedings are often costly and could be very time-consuming to us, and we cannot assure you that the deciding authorities will rule in our favor. An unfavorable decision could allow third parties to use our technology without being required to pay us licensing fees or may compel us to license needed technologies to a third-party. Such a decision could even result in the invalidation or a limitation in the scope of our patents or forfeiture of the rights associated with our patents or pending patent applications. To the extent prudent, we intend to bring litigation against third parties that we believe are infringing one or more of our patents. In addition, we have sought and intend to continue seeking orphan drug status whenever it is available. If a product which has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has such designation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market the same drug for the same indication, except in certain very limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and ten years in the European Union. Orphan drug designation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for an indication. We also rely on trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information. No assurance can be given that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or disclose such technology, or that we can meaningfully protect our trade secrets. However, we believe that the substantial costs and resources required to develop technological innovations will help us to protect the competitive advantage of our products. It is our policy to require our employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators, sponsored researchers and other advisors to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of employment or consulting relationships with us. These agreements provide that all confidential information developed or made known to the individual during the 27 Table of Contents course of the individual’s relationship with us is to be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties except in specific circumstances. In the case of employees, the agreements provide that all inventions conceived by the individual shall be our exclusive property. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection or adequate remedies for our trade secrets in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information. Manufacturing We currently contract with third parties for the manufacture of our product candidates for commercial use, or non-clinical studies and clinical trials and intend to do so in the future. We currently have long-term agreements with third-party contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”) for the production of the active ingredient and final product for Rubraca. We do not own or operate manufacturing facilities for the production of commercial and clinical quantities of our product candidates. We currently have no plans to build our own clinical or commercial scale manufacturing capabilities. To meet our projected needs for commercial manufacturing, we are working with our current third-party suppliers to increase their scale of production and we engaged additional second source suppliers during 2018. Although we rely on contract manufacturers, we have personnel with extensive manufacturing experience to oversee the relationships with our contract manufacturers. We have developed the process for manufacturing Rubraca’s active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) to a degree sufficient to meet clinical demands and, as production capacity is increased as described below under “Lonza Agreement,” projected commercial requirements. Manufacturing of Rubraca API is being performed at a single CMO. Manufacturing operations for an advanced intermediate, which is the work-in-process inventory prior to conversion to API, will be expanded to a second Lonza site during 2019. The Rubraca drug product formulation and manufacturing process to produce that formulation have been developed to a degree sufficient to meet clinical demands and projected commercial requirements. A single third-party CMO capable of both formulation development and drug product manufacturing is currently producing the Rubraca drug product. We expect to expand manufacturing operations for Rubraca drug product to a second site during 2019. To date, our third-party manufacturers have met our manufacturing requirements and we expect them to meet anticipated full- scale commercial demands. Lonza Agreement - Rucaparib On October 3, 2016, we entered into an agreement with Lonza Ltd (“Lonza”) for the long-term manufacture and supply of the API for rucaparib. Under this agreement, Lonza will be a non-exclusive manufacturer of the Rubraca API during the 10-year term of the agreement. Lonza will construct, in an existing Lonza facility, a production train that will be exclusively dedicated to the manufacture of the Rubraca API. The dedicated production train will provide manufacturing capacity to meet our currently anticipated needs for commercial supply of Rubraca API. We are obligated to make scheduled capital program fee payments towards capital equipment and other costs associated with the construction of the dedicated production train and, once the facility is operational, to pay a fixed facility fee each quarter for the duration of the term of the agreement. The dedicated production train was completed during the fourth quarter of 2018 at which time Lonza began producing API under this agreement. Lonza will manufacture and store an advanced intermediate to be used in the subsequent production of the Rubraca API. We will pay fixed fees on a per kilogram basis for quantities of the advanced intermediate and the Rubraca API ordered by us, subject to certain adjustments. Until the dedicated facility was completed and operationally qualified during the fourth quarter of 2018, Lonza manufactured the Rubraca API in existing Lonza facilities at pricing established in the agreement. Either party may terminate the agreement due to a material breach of the agreement by the other party, subject to prior written notice and a cure period. We may terminate the agreement, subject to 90 days’ prior written notice, in the event rucaparib is withdrawn from the market for certain reasons. In the event of such a termination by us, or termination by Lonza due to material breach by us, we are obligated to compensate Lonza for any services rendered, or for which costs have been incurred by Lonza in anticipation of services to be provided to us, and to pay to Lonza the remaining amount of any capital program fees and quarterly fixed facility fees for the remainder of the term of the agreement. In 28 Table of Contents the event we terminate the agreement due to material breach by Lonza, Lonza is obligated to repay all or a portion of the capital program fees previously paid by us. Lucitanib The API for lucitanib is currently being produced by a third-party supplier. To date, the current production process has been sufficient to satisfy immediate clinical demands. We may undertake additional development work to further optimize the active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing process. The finished drug product for lucitanib is currently being manufactured at a CMO. The current product and process are sufficiently developed to meet immediate clinical demands. Additional scale-up work and/or additional production capacity will be necessary to support larger clinical development or commercialization requirements. Commercial Operations Our commercial organization in the U.S. is in place and supporting the commercial sale of Rubraca. We believe the U.S. oncology market for Rubraca in both of its approved indications is addressable with a targeted sales and marketing organization, with capabilities that include the management of key accounts such as managed care organizations, group-purchasing organizations, oncology group networks and government accounts. We sell Rubraca through a limited distribution network consisting of select number of specialty pharmacies and distributors. Healthcare providers prescribe Rubraca to patients and the specialty pharmacies and distributors dispense Rubraca directly to patients. We intend to continue promoting Rubraca ourselves in the U.S. for its current indications and any additional indications we may obtain in the future. We retain the rights to Rubraca in the rest of the world. Rubraca is approved in the EU for both treatment and maintenance treatment indications. We intend to commercialize Rubraca on our own in the EU and are planning our initial launch of Rubraca as maintenance therapy in Germany during the first quarter of 2019, with other EU countries to follow through 2019 and 2020. We have established our commercial and medical affairs infrastructure in the EU, as well as the field sales personnel in Germany. We anticipate the hiring of field sales personnel to support additional EU country launches to coincide with reimbursement approvals in individual countries in the EU over the remainder of 2019 and 2020. Customers We are currently approved to sell Rubraca in the U.S. and the EU markets. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and health care providers, at which time we recognize the associated revenue. Our U.S. customers, which distribute our product, consist of three specialty distributors and four specialty pharmacy providers. We will also have distributors who distribute our product internationally by country. Furthermore, we do not believe the loss of one of these customers would significantly impact the ability to distribute our product as we expect that sales volume would be absorbed evenly by the remaining customers. Employees As of February 15, 2019, we employed 468 full-time employees. None of our employees is represented by labor unions, and a very small number of international employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good. About Clovis We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in April 2009 and completed our initial public offering of our common stock in November 2011. Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CLVS.” Our principal executive offices are located at 5500 Flatiron Parkway, Suite 100, Boulder, Colorado 80301, and our telephone number is (303) 625-5000. We maintain additional offices in San Francisco, California, Oakland, California, Cambridge, UK, London, UK, Milan, Italy and in several other locations in the EU. Our website address is www.clovisoncology.com . Our website and the information contained on, or that can be accessed through, the website will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in, and are not considered part of, this report. 29 Table of Contents Available Information As a public company, we file reports and proxy statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These filings include our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and proxy statements on Schedule 14A, as well as any amendments to those reports and proxy statements, and are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Once at www.clovisoncology.com , go to Investors & News/SEC Filings to locate copies of such reports. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding us and other issuers that file electronically with the SEC. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Our business faces significant risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and you should carefully consider them. Accordingly, in evaluating our business, we encourage you to consider the following discussion of risk factors, in its entirety, in addition to other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other public filings with the SEC. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Capital Requirements We have incurred significant losses since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We have generated only modest historical revenues, which makes it difficult to assess our future viability. We are a biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history. Biopharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree of risk. We have focused primarily on in-licensing and developing our product candidates. We are not profitable and have incurred losses in each year since our inception in April 2009. We have only a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our business and prospects. There are many risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in new and rapidly evolving fields, particularly in the biopharmaceutical area. Three of our product candidates, CO-101, CO-1686 (rociletinib) and CO-3810 (lucitanib), encountered development and/or regulatory setbacks after initial promising data, leading us to discontinue enrollment in then-ongoing clinical trials. We have received regulatory approval to market Rubraca in the U.S. and in EU, but we do not yet have pricing or reimbursement approval in the EU, and do not yet know whether Rubraca will be approved in other jurisdictions or whether it will achieve market acceptance and be commercially successful. We have generated only modest revenues from product sales to date. We continue to incur significant research and development and other expenses related to our ongoing operations. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we had net losses of $368.0 million, $346.4 million and $349.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,843.1 million. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. As such, we are subject to all of the risks incident to the development of new biopharmaceutical products and related companion diagnostics, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, regulatory scrutiny, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. If any of our product candidates fail in clinical trials or do not gain regulatory approval, or if Rubraca or any of our product candidates, if approved, fail to achieve market acceptance, we may never become profitable. Even if we achieve profitability in the future, we may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. Our prior losses, combined with expected future losses, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. We will require substantial additional funding which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If we fail to obtain additional financing, we may be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates or continue our development programs. Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. We expect to continue to spend substantial amounts to advance the clinical development of our product candidates and launch and commercialize any product candidates for which we receive regulatory approval, including building our own commercial organizations to address certain markets. 30 Table of Contents Based on current estimates, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities will allow us to fund our operating plan through at least the next 12 months. We do not have any material committed external source of funds or other support for our development efforts. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue to finance our cash requirements, which we may never do in sufficient amounts, we expect to finance future cash needs through a combination of public or private equity or debt offerings, collaborations, strategic alliances and other similar licensing arrangements. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of one or more of our product candidates, or our plans for acquisition or in-license of new product candidates. We may also seek collaborators for one or more of our current or future product candidates on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available. Any of these events could significantly harm our business, financial condition and prospects. Servicing our long-term debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt. In September 2014, we completed a private placement of $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”), resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $278.3 million after deducting offering expenses. In April 2018, we completed a public offering of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes” and together with the 2021 Notes, the “Notes”), resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $290.9 million after deducting offering expenses. The 2021 Notes are governed by the terms of the indenture between the Company, as issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Interest is payable on the 2021 Notes semi-annually, and the 2021 Notes mature on September 15, 2021, unless redeemed, repurchased or converted prior to that date. In addition, if, as defined by the terms of the indenture, a fundamental change occurs, holders of the 2021 Notes may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2021 Notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2021 Notes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The 2025 Notes are governed by the terms of the indenture between the Company, as issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Interest is payable on the 2025 Notes semi-annually, and the 2025 Notes mature on May 1, 2025, unless redeemed, repurchased or converted prior to that date. In addition, if, as defined by the terms of the indenture, a fundamental change occurs, holders of the 2025 Notes may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. Our ability to make scheduled payments of interest and principal on the Notes, or to pay the repurchase price for the Notes on a fundamental change, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. We may not have sufficient cash in the future to service our debt. If we are unable to generate such cash flow or secure additional sources of funding, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. We may not be able to raise the funds necessary to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to repurchase the Notes. If we undergo a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture, prior to the maturity date of the Notes, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of the Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. We may not have or be able to borrow the funds required to repurchase the Notes on the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, our ability to repurchase the Notes may otherwise be limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase the Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture would constitute a default under the indenture. A default under the indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Notes when required. 31 Table of Contents We may incur substantially more debt or take other actions which would intensify the risks discussed above; and we may not generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to satisfy our obligations under the Notes and any future indebtedness we may incur. We may incur substantial additional debt in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in any debt instruments that we enter into in the future, some of which may be secured debt. We are not restricted under the terms of the indenture governing the Notes from incurring additional debt, securing existing or future debt, recapitalizing our debt or taking a number of other actions that are not limited by the terms of the indenture governing the Notes that could have the effect of diminishing our ability to make payments on the Notes when due. Our ability to refinance the Notes or future indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. In addition, agreements that govern any future indebtedness that we may incur may contain financial and other restrictive covenants that will limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of some or all of our debt. Provisions in the indenture could delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial takeover of us. Certain provisions in the Notes and the indentures governing the Notes could make a third-party attempt to acquire us more difficult or expensive. For example, if a takeover constitutes a fundamental change, then holders will have the right to require us to repurchase their notes for cash. In addition, if a takeover constitutes a make-whole fundamental change, then we may be required to temporarily increase the conversion rate. In either case, and in other cases, our obligations under the Notes and the indentures governing the Notes could increase the cost of acquiring us or otherwise discourage a third party from acquiring us or removing incumbent management, including in a transaction that holders or holders of our common stock may view as favorable. We and certain of our officers and directors have been named as defendants in several lawsuits that could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention. We and certain of our officers have been named as defendants in a number of lawsuits that generally allege that we and certain of our officers violated federal securities laws by making allegedly false and misleading statements regarding the progress toward FDA approval and the potential for market success of rociletinib. Some of these lawsuits have been settled while others remain outstanding and others may still be brought. See “Part I, Item 3-Legal Proceedings” in this report. We intend to engage in a vigorous defense of these lawsuits; however, we are unable to predict the outcome of these matters at this time. If we are not successful in our defense of these litigation matters, we could be forced to make significant payments to, or enter into other settlements with, our security holders and their lawyers (and in certain circumstances reimburse costs and expenses incurred by the underwriters), and such payments or settlement arrangements could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. For example, we could suffer a significant adverse impact on our reputation and divert management’s attention and resources from other priorities, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, any of these matters could require payments that are not covered by, or exceed the limits of, our available directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or financial condition. We will not receive any further contributions from our insurance carriers for any amounts (including damages, settlement costs or legal fees) relating to the Company’s regulatory update announcement in November 2015 that the FDA requested additional clinical data on the efficacy and safety of rociletinib. Additional lawsuits with similar claims may be filed by other parties against us and our officers and directors. Even if such claims are not successful, these lawsuits or other future similar actions, or other regulatory inquiries or investigations, may result in substantial costs and have a significant adverse impact on our reputation and divert management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. 32 Table of Contents The recently passed comprehensive tax reform bill could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act could be amended or subject to technical correction, which could change the financial impacts that were recorded at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, or are expected to be recorded in future periods. Additionally, further guidance may be forthcoming from the FASB and SEC, as well as regulations, interpretations and rulings from federal and state tax agencies, which could result in additional impacts, possibly with retroactive effect. Risks Related to Our Business and Industry We are highly dependent on the commercial success of Rubraca in the U.S.; Rubraca may not achieve market acceptance and may not be commercially successful and we may not attain profitability and positive cash flow from operations. Rubraca is commercially available in the U.S. and has received marketing authorization in the EU. The degree of market acceptance and the commercial success of Rubraca will depend on a number of factors, including: the effectiveness of our sales and marketing strategy and operations; maintaining compliance with all regulatory requirements applicable to Rubraca and our commercial activities, including the post-marketing requirements and post-marketing commitments required by the FDA and the EMA, to verify Rubraca’s clinical benefit or safety by completing certain confirmatory trials, pharmacology studies and additional diagnostic development; the acceptance of Rubraca by patients and the medical community and the availability, perceived advantages and relative cost, safety and efficacy of alternative and competing products and therapies; the continued acceptable safety profile of Rubraca and the occurrence of any unexpected side effects, adverse reactions or misuse, or any unfavorable publicity in these areas; the ability of our third-party manufacturers to manufacture commercial supplies of Rubraca, to remain in good standing with regulatory agencies, and to develop, validate and maintain commercially viable manufacturing processes that are, to the extent required, compliant with current good manufacturing practice (“cGMP”) regulations; the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement from managed care plans, private health insurers and other third-party payors and the willingness and ability of patients to pay for Rubraca; the development or commercialization of competing products or therapies; marketing and distribution support for Rubraca, including the degree to which the approved labeling supports promotional initiatives for commercial success; the actual market size for Rubraca, which may be different than expected; our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights in and to Rubraca; our ability to avoid third party patent interference or patent infringement claims; and our ability to obtain regulatory approvals, including for pricing and reimbursement, to commercialize Rubraca in markets outside of the U.S. As many of these factors are beyond our control, we cannot assure you that we will ever be able to generate meaningful revenue through the sale of Rubraca. In addition, we may experience significant fluctuations in sales of Rubraca from period to period. We are currently evaluating Rubraca in other indications, but have only one other product candidate, lucitanib, in development. Any inability on our part to successfully commercialize Rubraca in the United States, Europe and any other territories where it may be approved, or any significant delay in such approvals, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to execute upon our business strategy and, ultimately, to generate sufficient revenues from Rubraca to reach or maintain profitability or sustain our anticipated levels of operations. 33 Table of Contents Rubraca may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could limit its commercial potential. If we or others identify previously unknown side effects or if known side effects are more frequent or severe than in the past, then: sales of Rubraca may decline; regulatory approvals for Rubraca may be restricted or withdrawn; we may decide to, or be required to, send product warning letters or field alerts to physicians, pharmacists and hospitals; additional nonclinical or clinical studies, changes in labeling or changes to manufacturing processes, specifications and/or facilities may be required; government investigations or lawsuits, including class action suits, may be brought against us; and our reputation may suffer. Any of the above occurrences would harm or prevent sales of Rubraca, increase our expenses and impair our ability to successfully commercialize Rubraca. As Rubraca is commercially available, it may be used in a wider population and in a less rigorously controlled environment than in clinical studies. As a result, regulatory authorities, healthcare practitioners, third-party payors or patients may perceive or conclude that the use of Rubraca is associated with previously unknown serious adverse effects, undermining our commercialization efforts. If our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for Rubraca or our product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval are inadequate, we may be unable to generate revenue from sales of our products. Prior to the launch of Rubraca, we had not commercialized any drug products as a company. To achieve commercial success for Rubraca and any product candidate that may be approved by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, we must continue to expand our sales, marketing, managerial and other nontechnical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services. We will be competing with companies that currently have extensive, well-funded, and more experienced sales and marketing operations. We may be unable to compete successfully against these more established companies. We have built a field organization and other capabilities for the sales, marketing and distribution of Rubraca in the United States and have established our commercial and medical affairs infrastructure, and begun to hire field sales personnel in the EU, and there are significant risks involved with building and managing a sales organization. Factors that may inhibit our efforts to effectively commercialize Rubraca on our own include: our inability to recruit, train, retain and incentivize adequate numbers of qualified and effective sales and marketing personnel; the inability of sales personnel to generate sufficient sales leads and to obtain access to physicians or persuade adequate numbers of physicians to use or prescribe Rubraca; our inability to effectively manage a geographically dispersed sales and marketing team. If we are unable to maintain effective sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for Rubraca or if we are unable to fully establish and maintain sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for Rubraca outside of the United States or for any other product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, whether independently or with third parties, we may not be able to generate product revenue or may not become profitable. If the cost of establishing and maintaining a sales and marketing organization exceeds the cost-effectiveness of doing so, we may not become profitable. With respect to our product candidates, we may elect to collaborate with third parties that have direct sales forces and established distribution systems, either to augment our own sales force and distribution systems or in lieu of our own sales force and distribution systems in certain territories. To the extent that we enter into licensing or co-promotion arrangements for any of our product candidates, our product revenue may be lower than if we directly marketed or sold our approved products. In addition, any revenue we receive as a result of such arrangements would depend in whole or in part upon the efforts of such third parties, which may not be successful and are generally not within our control. If we are unable to enter into such arrangements on acceptable terms or at all, we may not be able to successfully 34 Table of Contents commercialize our product candidates that receive regulatory approval. If we are not successful in commercializing our product candidates, either on our own or through collaborations with one or more third parties, our future product revenue will suffer and we may incur significant additional losses. We cannot give any assurance that the Rubraca development program in other lines of therapies and indications will be successful or that our other product candidates will receive regulatory approval. To date, we have invested a significant portion of our efforts and financial resources in the acquisition and development of our product candidates. Our business depends entirely on the successful development and commercialization of our product candidates. Each of our product candidates requires clinical development, management of clinical, non-clinical and manufacturing activities, regulatory approval in multiple jurisdictions, obtaining manufacturing supply, building of a commercial organization and significant marketing efforts in order to generate any revenues from product sales. We are not permitted to market or promote any of our product candidates before we receive regulatory approval from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. To date, we have received regulatory approval from the FDA to market Rubraca in the United States for two indications for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer and from the EMA to market Rubraca in the EU for two indications for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. We may not receive regulatory approvals for Rubraca for broader indications and lines of therapy or other tumor types and we may never receive regulatory approval for other product candidates. In addition, certain of our product development plans contemplate the development of companion diagnostics by third-party collaborators. Companion diagnostics are subject to regulation as medical devices and must themselves be approved for marketing by the FDA or certain other foreign regulatory agencies before our product candidates may be commercialized. We cannot be certain that Rubraca will be successfully developed to expand its current label to include other indications or that any of our product candidates will be successful in clinical trials or receive regulatory approval. Further, our product candidates may not receive regulatory approval even if they are successful in clinical trials. Three of our product candidates, CO-101, rociletinib and lucitanib encountered development and regulatory setbacks after initial promising data, leading us to discontinue enrollment in ongoing clinical trials. Even if we successfully obtain regulatory approvals to market one or more of our product candidates, our revenues will be dependent, in part, upon our diagnostic collaborators’ ability to obtain regulatory approval of the companion diagnostics where required to be used with our product candidates, as well as the size of the markets in the territories for which we gain regulatory approval and have commercial rights. If the markets that we are targeting are not as significant as we estimate, we may not generate significant revenues from sales of such products, if approved. We plan to seek regulatory approval to commercialize our product candidates, and for other indications for Rubraca, in the United States, the European Union and in additional foreign countries. While the scope of regulatory approval is similar in other countries, obtaining separate regulatory approval in many other countries requires compliance with numerous and varying regulatory requirements of such countries regarding safety and efficacy and governing, among other things, clinical trials and commercial sales, pricing and distribution of our product candidates, and we cannot predict success in these jurisdictions. Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results. Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. The results of non-clinical studies and early clinical trials of our product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressed through non-clinical studies and initial clinical trials. It is not uncommon for companies in the biopharmaceutical industry to suffer significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. Indeed, based on the negative results of a pivotal study, we ceased further development of our previous product candidate CO-101, and we decided to discontinue ongoing development of rociletinib as a result of the issuance of a Complete Response Letter by the FDA. Additionally, our future clinical trial results may not be successful. 35 Table of Contents Although we have clinical trials ongoing, we may experience delays in our ongoing clinical trials, and we do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, need to be redesigned, enroll patients on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. Clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays related to: obtaining regulatory approval to commence a trial; reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations (“CROs”) and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites; obtaining institutional review board (“IRB”) approval at each site; recruiting suitable patients to participate in a trial; developing and validating companion diagnostics on a timely basis; having patients complete a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up; clinical sites deviating from trial protocol or dropping out of a trial; adding new clinical trial sites; or manufacturing sufficient quantities of product candidate for use in clinical trials. Patient enrollment, a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, is affected by many factors including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the clinical trial, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating. Furthermore, we rely on CROs and clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials, and while we have agreements governing their committed activities, we have limited influence over their actual performance. We could encounter delays if a clinical trial is suspended or terminated by us, by the IRBs of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, by the Data Safety Monitoring Board for such trial or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Such authorities may impose a suspension or termination due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. If we experience delays in the completion of, or termination of, any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial prospects of our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from any of these product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates. The regulatory approval processes of the FDA, EMA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for rucaparib in other indications and lines of therapy or for our other product candidates, our business will be substantially harmed. The time required to obtain approval by the FDA, EMA and comparable foreign authorities is unpredictable, but typically takes many years following the commencement of clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities. In addition, approval policies, regulations or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We have obtained regulatory approval for Rubraca in the United States and the European Union for two indications for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, and it is possible that Rubraca may not obtain regulatory approval for broader indications and lines of therapy or other tumor types or that any of our other existing product candidates or any product candidates we may seek to develop 36 Table of Contents in the future will ever obtain regulatory approval. Indeed, with the issuance of a Complete Response Letter by the FDA with respect to the rociletinib NDA, we decided to discontinue ongoing development of rociletinib. Our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval or approval may be delayed for many reasons, including the following: the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with the design or implementation of our clinical trials; we may be unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities that a product candidate is safe and effective for its proposed indication; the results of clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical significance required by the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for approval; the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with our interpretation of data from non- clinical studies or clinical trials; the data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates may not be sufficient to support the submission of an NDA, MAA or other submission or to obtain regulatory approval in the United States, the European Union or elsewhere; the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may fail to approve the manufacturing processes or facilities of third-party manufacturers with which we contract for clinical and commercial supplies; the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may fail to approve the companion diagnostics we contemplate developing with partners; and the approval policies or regulations of the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval. This lengthy approval process, as well as the unpredictability of future clinical trial results, may result in our failing to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, which would significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects. Even if we receive regulatory approval for our product candidates, we will be subject to ongoing obligations and continued regulatory review, which may result in significant additional expense. Additionally, our product candidates, if and when approved, could be subject to labeling and other restrictions and market withdrawal, and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with regulatory requirements or experience unanticipated problems with our products. Any regulatory approvals that we receive for our product candidates may also be subject to limitations on the approved indicated uses for which the product may be marketed or to the conditions of approval, or contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing testing and clinical trials and surveillance to monitor the safety and efficacy of the product candidate. In addition, if the FDA , EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authority approves any of our product candidates, the manufacturing processes, pricing, labeling, packaging, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion and recordkeeping for the product will be subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements. These requirements include submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance with current good manufacturing practices and good clinical practices for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with our third-party manufacturers or manufacturing processes or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in, among other things: restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, withdrawal of the product from the market or voluntary or mandatory product recalls; fines, warning letters or holds on clinical trials; refusal by the FDA, EMA and comparable foreign authorities to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by us, or suspension or revocation of product license approvals; product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of products; and 37 Table of Contents injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. All of the foregoing limitations, obligations, and requirements also apply to Rubraca, for which we have received regulatory approval in the United States and the EU for certain indications. We may seek approval from U.S. and foreign regulatory authorities for one or more product candidates on a conditional basis with full approval conditioned upon fulfilling the requirements of regulators. For example, we received accelerated approval from the FDA for the initial indication for Rubraca and conditional marketing authorization from the EMA for the initial indication for Rubraca. Each of these approval pathways has certain conditions to approval, some of which may be post-approval, such as the conduct of a post-approval, or confirmatory, trial using due diligence. For continued authorization by the EC of the initial indication of Rubraca in the EU, it will be necessary to complete confirmatory post marketing commitments, including ensuring that sufficient partially platinum-sensitive patients are enrolled in our ARIEL4 confirmatory trial to support the treatment indication. This may require enrollment of additional patients into the study, increasing its overall size and extending the time for enrollment. If we are unable to fulfill the requirements of regulators that are conditions of a product’s accelerated or conditional approval, if the confirmatory trial shows unfavorable results or increased or additional undesirable side effects, or if regulators re- evaluate the data or risk-benefit profile of our product candidate, the availability of accelerated or conditional approval may be withdrawn or our conditional approval may not result in full approval or may be revoked or not renewed. Alternatively, we may be required to change a product candidate’s labeled indications or even withdraw the product, if approved, from the market. The FDA’s, EMA’s and comparable foreign authorities’ policies may change and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates . We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States, the EU or abroad . If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained, and we may not achieve or sustain profitability, which would adversely affect our business. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects for our product candidates. Rubraca and our other product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label or result in significant negative consequences following marketing approval, if any. Adverse events (“AEs”) attributable to our product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by the FDA, EMA or other comparable foreign authorities. Clinical studies conducted to date have generated AEs related to our product candidates, some of which have been serious. Patients treated with Rubraca have commonly experienced nausea, vomiting, constipation, dysgeusia, anemia/decreased hemoglobin, decreased appetite, diarrhea, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia and fatigue/asthenia. In studies of lucitanib, hypertension, proteinuria and subclinical hypothyroidism requiring supplementation are the most common AEs observed. As is the case with all oncology drugs, it is possible that there may be other potentially harmful characteristics associated with their use in future trials, including larger and lengthier Phase III clinical trials. As we evaluate the use of our product candidates in combination with other active agents, we may encounter safety issues as a result of the combined safety profiles of each agent, which could pose a substantial challenge to that development strategy. Results of our trials could reveal a high and unacceptable severity and prevalence of these or other side effects. In such an event, our trials could be suspended or terminated and the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could order us to cease further development of or deny approval of our product candidates for any or all targeted indications. The drug-related AEs could affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the trial or result in potential product liability claims. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. Additionally, if we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by such products, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including: regulatory authorities may withdraw approvals of such product; regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label; 38 Table of Contents we may be required to create a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients; we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; and our reputation may suffer. Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects. Failure to successfully validate, develop and obtain regulatory approval for companion diagnostics could harm our drug development strategy. As one of the key elements of our clinical development strategy, we seek to identify patient subsets within a disease category who may derive selective and meaningful benefit from the product candidates we are developing. In collaboration with partners, we may develop companion diagnostics to help us to more accurately identify patients within a particular subset, both during our clinical trials and in connection with the commercialization of our product candidates. Companion diagnostics are subject to regulation by the FDA, EMA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities as medical devices and require separate regulatory approval prior to commercialization. We do not develop companion diagnostics internally and thus we are dependent on the sustained cooperation and effort of our third-party collaborators in developing and obtaining approval for these companion diagnostics. We and our collaborators may encounter difficulties in developing and obtaining approval for the companion diagnostics, including issues relating to selectivity/specificity, analytical validation, reproducibility, or clinical validation. Any delay or failure by our collaborators to develop or obtain regulatory approval of the companion diagnostics could delay or prevent approval of our product candidates. In addition, our collaborators may encounter production difficulties that could constrain the supply of the companion diagnostics, and both they and we may have difficulties gaining acceptance of the use of the companion diagnostics in the clinical community. If such companion diagnostics fail to gain market acceptance, it would have an adverse effect on our ability to derive revenues from sales of our products. In addition, the diagnostic company with whom we contract may decide to discontinue selling or manufacturing the companion diagnostic that we anticipate using in connection with development and commercialization of our product candidates or our relationship with such diagnostic company may otherwise terminate. We may not be able to enter into arrangements with another diagnostic company to obtain supplies of an alternative diagnostic test for use in connection with the development and commercialization of our product candidates or do so on commercially reasonable terms, which could adversely affect and/or delay the development or commercialization of our product candidates. We rely on third parties to conduct our non-clinical studies and clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates and our business could be substantially harmed. We have relied upon and plan to continue to rely upon third-party CROs to monitor and manage data for our ongoing non- clinical and clinical programs. We rely on these parties for execution of our non-clinical and clinical studies, and control only certain aspects of their activities. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our studies is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on the CROs does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and our CROs are required to comply with GCP, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA, the EMA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for all of our products in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce these GCPs through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we or any of our CROs fail to comply with applicable GCPs, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA, the EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. We cannot assure you that upon inspection by a given regulatory authority, such regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with GCP regulations. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with product produced under current GMP regulations. Our failure to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process. Our CROs have the right to terminate their agreements with us in the event of an uncured material breach. In addition, some of our CROs have an ability to terminate their respective agreements with us if it can be reasonably demonstrated that the safety of the subjects participating in our clinical trials warrants such termination, if we make a general assignment for the benefit of our creditors or if we are liquidated. 39 Table of Contents If any of our relationships with these third-party CROs terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or to do so on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, our CROs are not our employees, and except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such CROs, we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our on-going clinical and non-clinical programs. If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our product candidates. As a result, our results of operations and the commercial prospects for our product candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to generate revenues could be delayed. Switching or adding additional CROs involves additional cost and requires management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new CRO commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially influence our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines. Though we carefully manage our relationships with our CROs, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter similar challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and prospects. We rely completely on third parties to manufacture our clinical drug supplies and we intend to rely on third parties to produce commercial supplies of any approved product candidate, and our commercialization of any of our product candidates could be stopped, delayed or made less profitable if those third parties fail to obtain approval of the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, fail to provide us with sufficient quantities of drug product or fail to do so at acceptable quality levels or prices. We do not currently have nor do we plan to acquire the infrastructure or capability internally to manufacture our clinical drug supplies for use in the conduct of our clinical trials, and we lack the resources and the capability to manufacture any of our product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. We do not control the manufacturing operations of, and are completely dependent on, our contract manufacturing partners for compliance with the GMP regulatory requirements for manufacture of both active drug substances and finished drug products. If our contract manufacturers cannot successfully manufacture material that conforms to the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, they will not be able to secure and/or maintain regulatory approval for their manufacturing facilities. In addition, we have limited control over the ability of our contract manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve these facilities for the manufacture of our product candidates or if it withdraws any such approval in the future, we may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly affect our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market our product candidates, if approved. We rely on our manufacturers to purchase from third-party suppliers the materials necessary to produce our product candidates for our clinical trials. There are a limited number of suppliers of raw materials that we use to manufacture our drugs and there may be a need to assess alternate suppliers to prevent a possible disruption of the manufacture of the materials necessary to produce our product candidates for our clinical trials, and if approved, ultimately for commercial sale. We do not have direct control over the process or timing of the acquisition of these raw materials by our manufacturers. Moreover, we currently do not have any agreements for the commercial production of these raw materials. Any significant delay in the supply of a product candidate, or the raw material components thereof, for an ongoing clinical trial due to the need to replace a third-party manufacturer could considerably delay completion of our clinical trials and potential regulatory approval of our product candidates. If our manufacturers or we are unable to purchase these raw materials after regulatory approval has been obtained for our product candidates, the commercial launch of our product candidates would be delayed or there would be a shortage in supply, which would impair our ability to generate revenues from the sale of our product candidates. We are dependent on our third-party manufacturers to conduct process development and scale-up work necessary to support greater clinical development and commercialization requirements for our product candidates. Carrying out these activities in a timely manner, and on commercially reasonable terms, is critical to the successful development and commercialization of our product candidates. We expect that our third-party manufacturers are capable of providing sufficient quantities of our product candidates to meet anticipated clinical and full-scale commercial demands, however if third parties with whom we currently work are unable to meet our supply requirements, we will need to secure alternate suppliers. While we believe that there are other contract manufacturers having the technical capabilities to 40 Table of Contents manufacture our product candidates, we cannot be certain that identifying and establishing relationships with such sources would not result in significant delay or material additional costs. We expect to continue to depend on third-party contract manufacturers for the foreseeable future. While we have long-term agreements with Lonza for the manufacture of API for Rubraca and with the manufacturer of the finished drug product, we have not entered into agreements with any alternate suppliers. We currently obtain our supplies of finished drug product through individual purchase orders as described in the current supply agreement. Our commercial success depends upon attaining significant market acceptance of our product candidates, if approved, among physicians, patients, healthcare payors and major operators of cancer clinics. Even if we obtain regulatory approval for our other product candidates, the product may not gain market acceptance among physicians, health care payors, patients and the medical community, which are critical to commercial success. Market acceptance of any product candidate for which we receive approval depends on a number of factors, including: the efficacy and safety as demonstrated in clinical trials; the timing of market introduction of such product candidate as well as competitive products; the clinical indications for which the drug is approved and the product label approved by regulatory authorities, including any warnings that may be required on the label; the approval, availability, market acceptance and reimbursement for the companion diagnostic; acceptance by physicians, major operators of cancer clinics and patients of the drug as a safe and effective treatment; the potential and perceived advantages of such product candidate over alternative treatments, especially with respect to patient subsets that we are targeting with such product candidate; the safety of such product candidate seen in a broader patient group, including its use outside the approved indications; the cost, safety and efficacy of the product in relation to alternative treatments; the availability of adequate reimbursement and pricing by third-party payors and government authorities; relative convenience and ease of administration; the prevalence and severity of adverse side effects; and the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts. If our product candidates are approved but fail to achieve an adequate level of acceptance by physicians, healthcare payors and patients, we will not be able to generate significant revenues, and we may not become or remain profitable. We face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and our operating results will suffer if we fail to compete effectively. The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. In addition, the competition in the oncology market is intense. We have competitors both in the United States and internationally, including major multinational pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and universities and other research institutions. Lynparza® (olaparib) is approved in the U.S. as monotherapy in patients with germline BRCA mutated advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with three or more prior lines of chemotherapy, as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy and as monotherapy in patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCAm, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer who have been treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic setting. Lynparza is also approved in the US for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA-mutated (“gBRCAm” or “sBRCAm”) advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are 41 Table of Contents in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Lynparza is also approved in the EU for the maintenance treatment of platinum-sensitive relapsed serous ovarian cancer. Lynparza has indications for ovarian cancer across 57 countries (as of year-end 2017). In July 2017, AstraZeneca and Merck & Co., Inc. announced a global strategic oncology collaboration to co-develop and co-commercialize Lynparza for multiple cancer types. Lynparza is being investigated, alone and in combination with other agents, in multiple indications across several tumor types, including breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Zejula®/niraparib was approved in March 2017 in the United States as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Zejula was approved in November 2017 in Europe for the same indication. Additional clinical investigations of Zejula in ovarian, breast and lung cancers are ongoing or planned. Janssen Biotech has licensed rights to develop and commercialize niraparib specifically for patients with prostate cancer worldwide, except in Japan. TALZENNA™/talazoparib (Pfizer Inc.) is approved in the US for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. There are a number of other PARP inhibitors in clinical development including AbbVie’s veliparib and ABT-767, BeiGene’s BGB-290, and Checkpoint Therapeutics’ CK-102. While most PARP inhibitor development focuses on ovarian, breast and prostate cancers, additional efforts are aimed toward bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancers as well. In addition, combination approaches that include PARP inhibitors, including Lynparza or Zejula, with other anticancer agents are in various phases of clinical development across a variety of oncology indications. These combination therapies may result in future competitive pressure on Rubraca, and multiple data readouts for such studies are anticipated throughout 2019 and beyond. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, such as larger research and development staff and experienced marketing and manufacturing organizations. GlaxoSmithKline plc gained rights to Zejula through its acquisition of Tesaro Inc., which was completed in January 2019. Additional mergers and acquisitions in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries may result in even more resources being concentrated in our competitors. As a result, these companies may obtain regulatory approval more rapidly than we are able and may be more effective in selling and marketing their products as well. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large, established companies. Competition may increase further as a result of advances in the commercial applicability of technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in these industries. Our competitors may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing, on an exclusive basis, drug products that are more effective or less costly than any drug candidate that we are currently developing or that we may develop. If approved, our product candidates will face competition from commercially available drugs, as well as drugs that are in the development pipelines of our competitors and later enter the market. Established pharmaceutical companies may invest heavily to accelerate discovery and development of novel compounds or to in-license novel compounds that could make our product candidates less competitive. In addition, any new product that competes with an approved product must demonstrate compelling advantages in efficacy, convenience, tolerability and safety in order to overcome price competition and to be commercially successful. Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining patent protection, receiving FDA, European Commission or other regulatory approval or discovering, developing and commercializing medicines before we do, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. Reimbursement may be limited or unavailable in certain market segments for our product candidates, which could make it difficult for us to sell our products profitably. There is significant uncertainty related to the third-party coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. We have received marketing authorization for Rubraca in the United States and the EU for two indications. We intend to seek additional approvals to market Rubraca and other product candidates in the United States, the EU and other selected foreign jurisdictions. Market acceptance and sales of our product candidates in both domestic and international markets will depend significantly on the availability of adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors for any of our product candidates and may be affected by existing and future healthcare reform measures. Government and other third-party payors are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting both coverage and the level of 42 Table of Contents reimbursement for new drugs and, as a result, they may not cover or provide adequate payment for our product candidates. These payors may conclude that our product candidates are less safe, less effective or less cost-effective than existing or later introduced products, and third-party payors may not approve our product candidates for coverage and reimbursement or may cease providing coverage and reimbursement for these product candidates. Obtaining coverage and reimbursement approval for a product from a government or other third-party payor is a time consuming and costly process that could require us to provide to the payor supporting scientific, clinical and cost-effectiveness data for the use of our products. We may not be able to provide data sufficient to gain acceptance with respect to coverage and reimbursement. We cannot be sure that coverage or adequate reimbursement will be available for any of our product candidates. Even if we obtain coverage for our product candidates, third-party payors may not establish adequate reimbursement amounts, which may reduce the demand for, or the price of, our products. If reimbursement of our future products is unavailable or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, we may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability. In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been and we expect there will continue to be a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the health care system that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. The U.S. government and other governments have shown significant interest in pursuing healthcare reform. In particular, the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 revised the payment methodology for many products under the Medicare program in the United States. This has resulted in lower rates of reimbursement. In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, the “Affordable Care Act”), was enacted. The Affordable Care Act substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. Such government-adopted reform measures may adversely affect the pricing of healthcare products and services in the United States or internationally and the amount of reimbursement available from governmental agencies or other third-party payors. Moreover, payment methodologies, including payment for companion diagnostics, may be subject to changes in healthcare legislation and regulatory initiatives. For example, the CMS has begun bundling the Medicare payments for certain laboratory tests ordered while a patient received services in a hospital outpatient setting and, in 2018, the CMS began paying for clinical laboratory services based on a weighted average of reported prices that private payors, Medicare Advantage plans, and Medicaid Managed Care plans pay for laboratory services. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadening the availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. Recently there has also been heightened governmental scrutiny over the manner in which manufacturers set prices for their marketed products, which has resulted in several Congressional inquiries and proposed bills designed to, among other things, reform government program reimbursement methodologies. Individual states in the United States have also become increasingly active in implementing regulations designed to control pharmaceutical product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures, and, in some cases, designed to encourage importation from other countries and bulk purchasing. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare may adversely affect the demand for any drug products for which we may obtain regulatory approval, as well as our ability to set satisfactory prices for our products, to generate revenues, and to achieve and maintain profitability. In some foreign countries, particularly in the European Union, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to governmental control. In these countries, pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take considerable time after the receipt of marketing approval for a product. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct additional clinical trials that compare the cost-effectiveness of our product candidates to other available therapies. If reimbursement of our product candidates is unavailable or limited in scope or amount in a particular country, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, we may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability of our products in such country. 43 Table of Contents If we are not successful in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy. Further, we will need to grow our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth, which could disrupt our operations. Our industry has experienced a high rate of turnover of management personnel in recent years. Our ability to compete in the highly competitive biotechnology and pharmaceuticals industries depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, scientific and medical personnel. We are highly dependent on our management, scientific and medical personnel, especially Patrick J. Mahaffy, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Lindsey Rolfe, our Executive Vice President of Clinical and Preclinical Development and Pharmacovigilance and Chief Medical Officer and Gillian C. Ivers-Read, our Executive Vice President, Technical Operations and Chief Regulatory Officer, whose services are critical to the successful implementation of our product candidate acquisition, development and regulatory strategies. Despite our efforts to retain valuable employees, members of our management, scientific, development and commercial teams may terminate their employment with us on short notice. Pursuant to their employment arrangements, each of our executive officers may voluntarily terminate their employment at any time by providing as little as thirty days advance notice. Our employment arrangements with all of our employees provide for at-will employment, which means that any of our employees could leave our employment at any time, with or, other than our executive officers, without notice. For example, Erle T. Mast, our former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, resigned in March 2016. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key employees and our inability to find suitable replacements could potentially harm our business, financial condition and prospects. Our success also depends on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled junior, mid-level and senior managers as well as junior, mid-level and senior scientific and medical personnel. As of February 15, 2019, we employed 468 full-time employees. As our development plans and strategies develop, we expect to expand our employee base for managerial, operational, financial and other resources. Future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to identify, recruit, maintain, motivate and integrate additional employees. Also, our management may need to divert a disproportionate amount of its attention away from our day-to- day activities and devote a substantial amount of time to managing these growth activities. We may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our operations which may result in weaknesses in our infrastructure, give rise to operational mistakes, loss of business opportunities, loss of employees and reduced productivity among remaining employees. Our expected growth could require significant capital expenditures and may divert financial resources from other projects. If our management is unable to effectively manage our expected growth, our expenses may increase more than expected, our ability to generate revenues could be reduced and we may not be able to implement our business strategy. We may not be able to attract or retain qualified management and scientific personnel in the future due to the intense competition for a limited number of qualified personnel among biopharmaceutical, biotechnology, pharmaceutical and other businesses. Many of the other pharmaceutical companies that we compete against for qualified personnel have greater financial and other resources, different risk profiles and a longer history in the industry than we do. They also may provide more diverse opportunities and better chances for career advancement. Some of these characteristics may be more appealing to high quality candidates than what we have to offer. In order to induce valuable employees to continue their employment with us, we have provided stock options that vest over time. The value to employees of stock options that vest over time is significantly affected by movements in our stock price that are beyond our control, and may at any time be insufficient to counteract more lucrative offers from other companies. If we are unable to continue to attract and retain high quality personnel, the rate and success at which we can develop and commercialize product candidates will be limited. Our employees and independent contractors, including principal investigators, CROs, consultants and vendors, may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We are exposed to the risk that our employees and independent contractors, including principal investigators, CROs, consultants and vendors, may engage in misconduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by those parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent failures to comply with the laws and regulations of the FDA and other similar regulatory agencies, provide accurate information to such authorities, comply with manufacturing standards we have established, including cGMP requirements, comply with federal and state data privacy, securities, fraud and abuse and 44 Table of Contents other healthcare laws and regulations in the United States and abroad, report financial information or data accurately, or disclose unauthorized activities to us. In particular, sales, marketing and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, customer incentive programs and other business arrangements. Employee or contractor misconduct could also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious harm to our reputation. We have adopted a Code of Business Ethics and other compliance policies, but it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and contractors, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant effect on our business and results of operations, including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions. Our relationships with healthcare professionals, investigators, consultants, customers (actual and potential) and third-party payors are and will continue to be subject, directly or indirectly, to federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws, false claims laws, transparency and disclosure (or “sunshine”) laws, government price reporting, and health information privacy and security laws. If we are unable to comply, or have not fully complied, with such laws, we could face substantial penalties. Our operations may be directly, or indirectly through our customers, subject to various federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the federal False Claims Act. These laws may affect, among other things, our current activities with clinical study investigators and research subjects, as well as proposed and future sales, marketing, disease awareness, and patient assistance programs. In addition, we may be subject to patient privacy regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to: the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, including any kickback, bribe, or certain rebate, directly or indirectly, to induce, or in return for, either the referral of an individual, or the purchase, lease, order or recommendation of any good, facility, item or service for which payment will be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the federal Anti- Kickback Statute or special intent to violate the law in order to have committed a violation; in addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act; federal false claims laws, including the False Claims Act, which impose criminal and civil penalties, including through civil “qui tam” or “whistleblower” actions, against individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment or approval from federal programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, that are false or fraudulent, or knowingly making a false statement to improperly avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government; the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA which imposes criminal and civil liability for, among other things, willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program and making false statements relating to healthcare matters. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation; HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act and its implementing regulations, which also imposes certain requirements on certain covered healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses, as well as their respective business associates that perform services for them that involve the use, or disclosure of, individually identifiable health information, with respect to safeguarding the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information; the federal civil monetary penalties statute, which prohibits, among other things, the offering or giving of remuneration to a Medicare or Medicaid beneficiary that the person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary’s election of a particular supplier of items or services reimbursable by a Federal or state governmental program; 45 Table of Contents the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) to report annually to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, information related to payments or other transfers of value made to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by the physicians described above and their immediate family members; federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers; federal government price reporting laws, which require drug manufacturers to calculate and report complex pricing metrics to government agencies, including CMS, where such reported prices may be used in the calculation of reimbursement and/or discounts on marketed products. Participation in these programs and compliance with the applicable requirements may result in potentially significant discounts on products subject to reimbursement under federal healthcare programs and increased infrastructure costs, and may potentially limit a drug manufacturer’s ability to offer certain marketplace discounts; and analogous state laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback, false claims, consumer protection and unfair competition laws which may apply to pharmaceutical business practices, including but not limited to, research, distribution, sales and marketing arrangements as well as submitting claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by any third-party payer, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government that otherwise restricts payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; state laws that require drug manufacturers to file reports with states regarding pricing and marketing information, such as the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensations and other remuneration and items of value provided to healthcare professionals and entities; and state laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts. In addition, the research and development of our product candidates outside the United States, and any sales of our products or product candidates once commercialized outside the United States will also likely subject us to foreign equivalents of the healthcare laws mentioned above, among other foreign laws. Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements will comply with applicable healthcare laws may involve substantial costs, including investments in infrastructure and additional resources. Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of our business activities, including our consulting agreements and other relationships with physicians, could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. Governmental and enforcement authorities may conclude that our business practices do not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law interpreting applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to, without limitation, civil, criminal, and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, disgorgement, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings and curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. Our business activities may be subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and similar anti-bribery and anti- corruption laws. We are subject to a number of anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and the U.K. Bribery Act. Our failure to comply with anti-corruption laws applicable to us could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. The FCPA generally prohibits companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business and/or other benefits. The FCPA also requires public companies to maintain accurate books and records and devise a system of sufficient internal accounting controls. We regularly review and update our policies and procedures and internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that we, our employees, distributors and other intermediaries comply with the anti-corruption laws to which we are subject. However, 46 Table of Contents there are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any policies, procedures and internal controls, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the policies, procedures and internal controls. There can be no assurance that such policies or procedures or internal controls will work effectively at all times or protect us against liability under these or other laws for actions taken by our employees, distributors and other intermediaries with respect to our business. The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Department of Justice continue to view FCPA enforcement activities as a high priority. There is no certainty that all of our employees, agents, contractors or collaborators, or those of our affiliates, will comply with all applicable laws and regulations, particularly given the high level of complexity of these laws. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, requirements to obtain export licenses, cessation of business activities in sanctioned countries, implementation of compliance programs and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any such violations could materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international operations, our ability to attract and retain employees, and our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our product candidates. We face an inherent risk of product liability. For example, we may be sued if any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability and a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidates, if approved. Even successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in: decreased demand for our product candidates or products that we may develop; injury to our reputation; withdrawal of clinical trial participants; initiation of investigations by regulators; costs to defend the related litigation; a diversion of management’s time and our resources; substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients; increase in insurance premiums; product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions; loss of revenues from product sales; the inability to commercialize our product candidates; and a decline in our stock price. Our inability to obtain and retain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of products we develop. We have a program of product liability insurance covering our ongoing clinical trials; however, the amount of insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover all liabilities that we may incur. Although we maintain such insurance, any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgment or settlement in an amount that is not covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance or that is in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. Our insurance policies also have various exclusions, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We will have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts. 47 Table of Contents Our internal computer systems, or those used by our CROs or other contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches. We and our business partners maintain sensitive company data on our computer networks, including our intellectual property and proprietary business information, as well as certain clinical trial information. Cybersecurity attacks are becoming more commonplace and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, misappropriation of information and corruption of data. Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our CROs and other contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. While we have not experienced any such material system failure, accident or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our development programs and business operations. For example, the loss of clinical trial data from completed or ongoing or planned clinical trials could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and the further development of our product candidates could be delayed. The United Kingdom’s impending departure from the European Union could be costly and difficult to comply with and could harm our business. The United Kingdom (“UK”) held a referendum on June 23, 2016 in which a majority of voters approved an exit from the European Union, commonly referred to as “Brexit.” The formal process for leaving the European Union began in March 2017, when the UK served notice to the European Council under Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon. The UK is scheduled to leave on March 29, 2019. If the UK and European Union are unable by that date to negotiate the terms of a transition period that allows time to address issues such as ongoing trade and citizen’s rights, the UK will sever all ties with the European Union with immediate effect. A so-called “hard” Brexit could significantly disrupt the current free movement of goods, services, and people between the UK, European Union, and elsewhere. We have based in the UK a significant portion of our non-U.S. clinical, regulatory affairs, and pharmacovigilance operations, as well as our European commercial organization. In anticipation of Brexit, we have taken steps to relocate certain activities from the UK in order to remain in compliance, post-Brexit, with certain laws and regulations in the European Union. While the regulatory environment in the UK is currently consistent with that of the European Union, Brexit could lead to legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the UK determines which European Union laws to replace or replicate. As such, we could be required to comply with regulatory requirements in the UK that are in addition to, or inconsistent with, the regulatory requirements of the European Union, resulting in the duplication of certain costs and new challenges to operate in Europe. The full effect of Brexit is uncertain, and consequently, we cannot at this time fully predict what the outcome may have on our business, particularly if our European operations or presence become a more significant part of our business. Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property If our efforts to protect the proprietary nature of the intellectual property related to our technologies are not adequate, we may not be able to compete effectively in our market. We rely upon a combination of patents, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect the intellectual property related to our technologies. Any disclosure to or misappropriation by third parties of our confidential proprietary information could enable competitors to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements, thus eroding our competitive position in our market. The strength of patents in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field involves complex legal and scientific questions and can be uncertain. The patent applications that we own or license may fail to result in issued patents in the United States or in other foreign countries. Even if the patents do successfully issue, third parties may challenge the validity, enforceability or scope thereof, which may result in such patents being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable. Furthermore, even if they are unchallenged, our patents and patent applications may not adequately protect our intellectual property or prevent others from designing around our claims. If the breadth or strength of protection provided by the patent applications we hold or pursue with respect to our product candidates is threatened, it could 48 Table of Contents threaten our ability to commercialize our product candidates. Further, if we encounter delays in our clinical trials, the period of time during which we could market our product candidates under patent protection would be reduced. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot be certain that we were the first to file any patent application related to our product candidates. Furthermore, an interference proceeding can be provoked by a third-party or instituted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“U.S. PTO”) to determine who was the first to invent any of the subject matter covered by the patent claims of our applications. In addition to the protection afforded by patents, we seek to rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that is not patentable, processes for which patents are difficult to enforce and any other elements of our drug development processes that involve proprietary know-how, information or technology that is not covered by patents. Although we require all of our employees to assign their inventions to us, and all of our employees, consultants, advisors and any third parties who have access to our proprietary know-how, information or technology to enter into confidentiality agreements, we cannot be certain that our trade secrets and other confidential proprietary information will not be disclosed or that competitors will not otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or independently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the United States. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad. If we are unable to prevent material disclosure of the intellectual property related to our technologies to third parties, we will not be able to establish or maintain a competitive advantage in our market, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Third-party claims of intellectual property infringement may prevent or delay our drug discovery and development efforts. Our commercial success depends in part on our avoiding infringement of the patents and proprietary rights of third parties. There is a substantial amount of litigation involving patent and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, including interference, inter parties review and reexamination proceedings before the U.S. PTO or oppositions and other comparable proceedings in foreign jurisdictions. Numerous United States and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications, which are owned by third parties, exist in the fields in which we are developing product candidates. As the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our product candidates may give rise to claims of infringement of the patent rights of others. Third parties may assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. There are or may be third- party patents with claims to materials, formulations, methods of manufacture or methods for treatment related to the use or manufacture of our product candidates. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending patent applications, which may later result in issued patents that our product candidates may infringe. In addition, third parties may obtain patents in the future and claim that use of our technologies infringes upon these patents. If any third-party patents were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover the manufacturing process of any of our product candidates, any molecules formed during the manufacturing process or any final product itself, the holders of any such patents may be able to block our ability to commercialize such product candidate unless we obtain a license under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire or they are finally determined to be held invalid or unenforceable. Similarly, if any third-party patent were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover aspects of our formulations, processes for manufacture or methods of use, including combination therapy or patient selection methods, the holders of any such patent may be able to block our ability to develop and commercialize the applicable product candidate unless we obtain a license, limit our uses, or until such patent expires or is finally determined to be held invalid or unenforceable. In either case, such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Parties making claims against us may obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block our ability to further develop and commercialize one or more of our product candidates. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from our business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees for willful infringement, obtain one or more licenses from third parties, limit our uses, pay royalties or redesign our infringing product candidates, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure. We cannot predict whether any such license would be available at all or whether it would be available on commercially reasonable terms. Furthermore, even in the absence of litigation, we may 49 Table of Contents need to obtain licenses from third parties to advance our research or allow commercialization of our product candidates. We may fail to obtain any of these licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all. In that event, we would be unable to further develop and commercialize one or more of our product candidates, which could harm our business significantly. The patent protection, patent prosecution and patent enforcement for some of our product candidates is dependent on third parties. While we normally seek and gain the right to fully prosecute, maintain and enforce the patents relating to our product candidates, there may be times when platform technology patents that relate to our product candidates are controlled by our licensors. This is the case with the method of use patents licensed under the AstraZeneca license. If AstraZeneca or any of our future licensing partners fail to appropriately prosecute, maintain or enforce, as applicable, patent protection for patents covering any of our product candidates, our ability to develop and commercialize those product candidates may be adversely affected and we may not be able to prevent competitors from making, using and selling competing products. We may be involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive, time consuming and unsuccessful. Competitors may infringe our patents or the patents of our licensors. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required to file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours or our licensors is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly and could put our patent applications at risk of not issuing. Interference proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by the U.S. PTO may be necessary to determine the priority of inventions with respect to our patents or patent applications or those of our licensors. An unfavorable outcome could require us to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party. Our business could be harmed if the prevailing party does not offer us a license on commercially reasonable terms. Litigation or interference proceedings may fail and, even if successful, may result in substantial costs and distract our management and other employees. We may not be able to prevent, alone or with our licensors, misappropriation of our trade secrets or confidential information, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect those rights as fully as in the United States. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world. Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on all of our product candidates throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection, but enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These products may compete with our products in jurisdictions where we do not have any issued patents and our patent claims or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from so competing. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biopharmaceuticals, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. 50 Table of Contents If we breach any of the agreements under which we license commercialization rights to our product candidates from third parties, we could lose license rights that are important to our business. We license the use, development and commercialization rights for all of our product candidates, and may enter into similar licenses in the future. Under each of our existing license agreements we are subject to commercialization and development, diligence obligations, milestone payment obligations, royalty payments and other obligations. If we fail to comply with any of these obligations or otherwise breach our license agreements, including by failing to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop or commercialize the product candidate, our licensing partners may have the right to terminate the license in whole or in part. Generally, the loss of any one of our licenses or other licenses in the future could materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to our competitive advantage. The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations, and may not adequately protect our business, or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. The following examples are illustrative: others may be able to make compounds that are similar to our product candidates but that are not covered by the claims of the patents that we own or have exclusively licensed; we or our licensors or strategic partners might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the issued patent or pending patent application that we own or have exclusively licensed; we or our licensors or strategic partners might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of our inventions; others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our intellectual property rights; it is possible that our pending patent applications will not lead to issued patents; issued patents that we own or have exclusively licensed may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be held invalid or unenforceable, as a result of legal challenges by our competitors; our competitors might conduct research and development activities in countries where we do not have patent rights and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets; we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; and the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business. Should any of these events occur, they could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects. Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock and Convertible Senior Notes There may not be a viable public market for our common stock and as a result it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of our common stock. Our common stock had not been publicly traded prior to our initial public offering in November 2011. An active trading market for our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market may not be sustained. As a result of these and other factors, you may be unable to resell your shares at a price that is attractive to you or at all. Further, an inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock and may impair our ability to enter into strategic partnerships or acquire companies or products by using our shares of common stock as consideration. The price of our stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The trading price of our common stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. During the 12-month period ended December 31, 2018, the price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market ranged from $11.63 per 51 Table of Contents share to $67.72 per share. In addition to the factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this report, these factors include: adverse results of regulatory actions or decisions; our failure to successfully commercialize our product candidates, if approved; actual or anticipated adverse results or delays in our clinical trials; unanticipated serious safety concerns related to the use of any of our product candidates; changes in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates, including but not limited to clinical trial requirements for approvals; disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our product candidates; our decision to initiate a clinical trial, not to initiate a clinical trial or to terminate an existing clinical trial; inability to obtain adequate product supply for any approved drug product or inability to do so at acceptable prices; our dependence on third parties, including CMOS and CROs, as well as our partners that provide us with companion diagnostic products; additions or departures of key scientific or management personnel; failure to meet or exceed any financial guidance or expectations regarding development milestones that we may provide to the public; actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results; failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community; overall performance of the equity markets and other factors that may be unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors, including changes in market valuations of similar companies; conditions or trends in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries; introduction of new products offered by us or our competitors; announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors; issuances of debt or equity securities; significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation; sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders in the future; trading volume of our common stock; publication of research reports about us or our industry or positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts; ineffectiveness of our internal controls; general political and economic conditions; effects of natural or man-made catastrophic events; and other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Global Select Market and biotechnology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. The realization of any of the above risks or any of 52 Table of Contents a broad range of other risks, including those described in these “Risk Factors,” could have a dramatic and material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. Because our outstanding Notes are convertible into shares of our common stock, volatility or depressed prices of our common stock could have a similar effect on the trading price of our Notes. In addition, the existence of the Notes may encourage short selling in our common stock by market participants because the conversion of the Notes could depress the price of our common stock. The conversion of some or all of the Notes may dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders. Holders of the outstanding 2021 Notes are able to convert them at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding September 15, 2021. Holder of the outstanding 2025 Notes are able to convert them at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2025. Upon conversion, holders of the Notes will receive shares of common stock. Any sales in the public market of shares of common stock issued upon conversion of such Notes could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on the market price of our common stock. The issuance and sale of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such issuances and sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities. Following periods of volatility in a company’s stock price, litigation has often been initiated against companies. Following the decline in our stock price related to the rociletinib regulatory update in November 2015, a number of lawsuits have been filed against us (see “Part I, Item 3-Legal Proceedings”). These proceedings and other similar litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall. Shares of common stock that are either subject to outstanding options or reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans will become eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting schedules. If these additional shares of common stock are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline. Future sales and issuances of our common stock or rights to purchase common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to fall. We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To raise capital, we may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in more than one transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. Pursuant to our equity incentive plan(s), our compensation committee (or its designee) is authorized to grant equity-based incentive awards to our employees, directors and consultants. As of December 31, 2018, the number of shares of our common stock available for future grant under our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (“2011 Plan”) is 4,131,151. The number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2011 Plan will be increased (i) from time to time by the number of shares of our common stock forfeited upon the expiration, cancellation, forfeiture, cash settlement or other termination of awards under our 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, and (ii) at the discretion of our board of directors, on the date of each annual meeting of our stockholders, by up to the lesser of (x) a number of additional shares of our common stock representing 4% of our then- outstanding shares of common stock on such date and (y) 2,758,621 shares of our common stock. Future option and restricted stock unit, or RSU, grants and issuances of common stock under our 2011 Plan may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, a substantial number of shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Notes. 53 Table of Contents Some provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage an acquisition of us by others, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management. Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us or increase the cost of acquiring us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders or remove our current management. These provisions include: authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval; limiting the removal of directors by the stockholders; creating a staggered board of directors; prohibiting stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; eliminating the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders; permitting our board of directors to accelerate the vesting of outstanding option grants upon certain transactions that result in a change of control; and establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings. These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. Because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring us or merging with us whether or not it is desired by or beneficial to our stockholders. Under Delaware law, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other things, the board of directors has approved the transaction. Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock. Additionally, certain provisions of our outstanding Notes could make it more difficult or more expensive for a third party to acquire us. The repurchase price of the Notes must be paid in cash, and this obligation may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing an acquisition of the Company that would otherwise be beneficial to our security holders. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline. The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline. Our operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate. If our operating results are below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, the trading price of our stock could decline. Our operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, although we may provide sales guidance for Rubraca from time to time, you should not rely on Rubraca sales results in any period as being indicative of future performance. In addition, such guidance is based on assumptions that may be incorrect or that may change from quarter to quarter, and it may be particularly difficult to correctly forecast sales in indications for which we have recently received marketing approval. Moreover, sales of Rubraca have, on occasion, been below the expectations of securities analysts and investors and have been below prior period sales, and sales of Rubraca in the future may also be below prior period sales, our own guidance and/or the expectations of 54 Table of Contents securities analysts and investors. To the extent that we do not meet any guidance we may give or the expectations of analysts or investors, our stock price may be adversely impacted, perhaps significantly. We believe that our quarterly and annual results of operations may be affected by a variety of factors, including: customer ordering patterns for Rubraca, which may vary significantly from period to period; the overall level of demand for Rubraca, including the impact of any competitive products and the duration of therapy for patients receiving Rubraca; the extent to which coverage and reimbursement for Rubraca is available from government and health administration authorities, private health insurers, managed care programs and other third-party payors; our ability to establish or demonstrate to patients and the medical community the safety, efficacy or value of Rubraca and its perceived advantages compared to existing and future therapies in the recurrent ovarian cancer indications and other indications for which Rubraca may receive approval in the future; changes in the amount of deductions from gross sales, including government-mandated rebates, chargebacks and discounts that can vary because of changes to the government discount percentage, including increases in the government discount percentage resulting from price increases we have taken or may take in the future, or due to different levels of utilization by entities entitled to government rebates and discounts and changes in patient demographics; increases in the scope of eligibility for customers to purchase Rubraca at the discounted government price or to obtain government-mandated rebates on purchases of Rubraca; changes in our cost of sales; the incidence rate of new patients in Rubraca’s approved indications; the timing, cost and level of investment in our sales and marketing efforts to support Rubraca sales; and the timing, cost and level of investment in our research and development and other activities involving Rubraca, lucitanib and our other product candidates by us or our collaborators. Further, changes in our operations, such as increased development, manufacturing and clinical trial expenses in connection with our development programs, or our undertaking of additional programs, or business activities, or entry into strategic transactions, including potential future acquisitions of products, technologies or businesses may also cause significant fluctuations in our expenses. For these and other reasons, it is difficult for us to accurately forecast future sales of Rubraca, operating expenses or future profits or losses. As a result, our operating results in future periods could be below any guidance we may give or the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, perhaps substantially. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS Not applicable. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our principal offices are located at five leased facilities, a 29,256 square foot facility in Boulder, Colorado used primarily for corporate functions, a 24,877 square foot facility in San Francisco, California, a 32,660 square foot facility in Oakland, CA used for clinical development operations and research laboratory space, a 3,350 square foot facility in Cambridge, United Kingdom used for our European regulatory and clinical operations and a 416 square foot facility in Milan, Italy used for clinical operations. These leases expire in January 2023, December 2021, April 2028, May 2019 and March 2019, respectively. We also lease office space in several locations throughout the EU. We believe that our existing facilities are sufficient for our needs for the foreseeable future. 55 Table of Contents ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Rociletinib-Related Litigation Following Clovis’ regulatory announcement in November 2015 of adverse developments in its ongoing clinical trials for rociletinib, Clovis and certain of its current and former executives were named in various securities lawsuits, the largest of which was a putative class action lawsuit in the District of Colorado (the “Medina Action”) which was settled on October 26, 2017 (the “Medina Settlement”). The open actions currently pending against Clovis are discussed below. On November 10, 2016, Antipodean Domestic Partners (“Antipodean”) filed a complaint (the “Antipodean Complaint”) against Clovis and certain of its officers, directors and underwriters in New York Supreme Court, County of New York. The Antipodean Complaint alleges that the defendants violated certain sections of the Securities Act by making allegedly false statements to Antipodean and in the offering materials for the July 2015 Offering relating to the efficacy of rociletinib, its safety profile, and its prospects for market success. In addition to the Securities Act claims, the Antipodean Complaint also asserts Colorado state law claims and common law claims. Both the state law and common law claims are based on allegedly false and misleading statements regarding rociletinib’s progress toward FDA approval. The Antipodean Complaint seeks compensatory, recessionary, and punitive damages. On December 15, 2016, the Antipodean Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint (the “Antipodean Amended Complaint”) asserting substantially the same claims against the same defendants and purporting to correct certain details in the original Antipodean Complaint. Following a stay that Justice Masley of the New York Supreme Court, County of New York entered in favor of the Medina Action and briefing on defendants’ motions to dismiss, the parties participated in a Preliminary Conference on April 17, 2018, following which the Court entered a preliminary conference order, providing deadlines for document productions, depositions, and other discovery. The Court has scheduled a status conference for March 12, 2019, following which the Court anticipates setting an end date for discovery. On May 2, 2018, the Court issued an order denying the defendants’ motion to dismiss. Defendants filed an answer to the Antipodean Amended Complaint on June 6, 2018. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the Antipodean Amended Complaint. However, there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful. In March 2017, two putative shareholders of the Company, Macalinao and McKenry (the “Derivative Plaintiffs”), filed shareholder derivative complaints against certain directors and officers of the Company in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On May 4, 2017, the Macalinao and McKenry actions were consolidated for all purposes in a single proceeding under the caption In re Clovis Oncology, Inc. Derivative Litigation, Case No, 2017-0222 (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”). On May 18, 2017, the Derivative Plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Verified Shareholder Derivative Complaint (the “Consolidated Derivative Complaint”). The Consolidated Derivative Complaint generally alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to the Company by allegedly causing or allowing misrepresentations of the Company’s business operations and prospects, failing to ensure that the TIGER-X clinical trial was being conducted in accordance with applicable rules, regulations and protocols, and engaging in insider trading. The Consolidated Derivative Complaint purported to rely on documents produced by the Company in response to prior demands for inspection of the Company’s books and records served on the Company by each of Macalinao and McKenry under 8 Del. C. § 220. The Consolidated Derivative Complaint sought, among other things, an award of money damages. On July 31, 2017, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Complaint. Plaintiffs filed an opposition to the motion to dismiss on August 31, 2017, and the defendants filed a reply in further support of the motion to dismiss on September 26, 2017. On November 19, 2018, Plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file a supplemental consolidated complaint and on November 20, 2018 the Court granted that motion. On November 27, 2018, Plaintiffs filed their supplemental complaint (the “Supplemental Complaint”), and on January 3, 2019, the Court entered the following briefing schedule: the defendants’ opening supplemental brief in further support of the motion to dismiss is due on February 6, 2019; Plaintiffs’ answering supplemental brief in opposition is due on February 22, 2019; and the defendants’ reply supplemental brief is due on March 5, 2019. Oral argument on the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Complaint has been scheduled for March 14, 2019. 56 Table of Contents The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the Consolidated Derivative Complaint, but there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful. On March 20, 2017, a purported shareholder of the Company, filed a shareholder derivative complaint (the “Guo Complaint”) against certain officers and directors of the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The Guo Complaint generally alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to the Company by either recklessly or with gross negligence approving or permitting misrepresentations of the Company’s business operations and prospects. The Guo Complaint also alleged claims for waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment. Finally, the Guo Complaint alleged that certain of the individual defendants violated Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, by allegedly negligently issuing, causing to be issued, and participating in the issuance of materially misleading statements to stockholders in the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule DEF 14A in connection with the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, held on June 11, 2015. The Guo Complaint sought, among other things, an award of money damages. On June 19, 2017, the parties filed a joint motion to stay the Guo action pending resolution of the motion to dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Complaint. On June 20, 2017, the court granted the motion to stay. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the Guo Complaint, but there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful. As previously disclosed, the Company has received inquiries and requests for information from governmental agencies, including the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), relating to the Company’s regulatory update announcement in November 2015 that the FDA requested additional clinical data on the efficacy and safety of rociletinib. Earlier this year, the Company and Mr. Mahaffy engaged in discussions with the SEC staff to resolve this matter. On September 18, 2018, the SEC announced it had reached an agreement with the Company to settle this matter on negligence-based charges. Pursuant to the settlement, without admitting or denying the SEC’s allegations, the Company paid a $20.0 million civil penalty and stipulated to a standard injunction against future violations of those provisions of the federal securities laws. Also, on September 18, 2018, the SEC announced that Mr. Mahaffy also reached a settlement with the SEC on similar negligence-based allegations, to which he neither admits nor denies, and paid a civil penalty and will be similarly enjoined. Mr. Mahaffy will continue to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. The settlements do not allege that the Company or any of its current or former officers engaged in any intentional fraud or misconduct. The settlements were approved by the United States District Court for the District of Colorado on September 19, 2018 and resolve the SEC’s nearly three-year investigation into the regulatory approval process of rociletinib. On November 26, 2018, the DOJ informed the Company that it had closed its investigation regarding possible criminal violations as it relates to rociletinib. European Patent Opposition Two oppositions were filed in the granted European counterpart of the rucaparib camsylate salt/polymorph patent on June 20, 2017. The European Patent Office’s Opposition Division held an oral hearing on December 4, 2018, during which it upheld claims, narrowed from the originally granted patent, to certain crystalline forms of rucaparib camsylate, including, but not limited to, rucaparib S-camsylate Form A, the crystalline form in Rubraca. On February 4, 2019, the Opposition Division issued a written decision confirming its decision at the oral hearing. Clovis and/or either opponent have an opportunity to appeal the written decision of the European Opposition Division. Notices of appeal are due April 14, 2019 and appeal briefs are due June 14, 2019. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 57 Table of Contents PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information and Holders Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select market under the symbol “CLVS”. On February 22, 2019, there were 23 holders of record of our common stock. The holders of record number does not include a substantially greater number of holders whose shares are held of record in nominee or street name accounts through banks, brokers and/or other financial institutions. Dividends We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to support our operations and finance the growth and development of our business. We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans Equity Compensation Plan Information As of December 31, 2018 Number of securities remaining available for issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 4,131,151 — 4,131,151 Weighted- Number of securities to be issued upon exercise exercise price of outstanding options of outstanding average and restricted stock (a) 7,107,438 $ — 7,107,438 $ options (b) 46.05 — 46.05 Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) (2) Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total (1) As of December 31, 2018, 11,693,909 shares were authorized for issuance under our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (“2011 Plan”), which became effective upon closing of our initial public offering in November 2011, including 192,185 remaining shares available for future issuance under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (“2009 Plan”), which were transferred to the 2011 Plan. The number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the 2011 Plan will be increased (i) from time to time by the number of shares of our common stock forfeited upon the expiration, cancellation, forfeiture, cash settlement or other termination of awards under the 2009 Plan and (ii) at the discretion of our board of directors, on the date of each annual meeting of our stockholders, by up to the lesser of (x) a number of additional shares of our common stock representing 4% of our then-outstanding shares of common stock on such date and (y) 2,758,621 shares of our common stock. (2) As of December 31, 2018, 476,050 shares were reserved for issuance under our 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which became effective upon closing of our initial public offering in November 2011. The number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will be increased at the discretion of our board of directors, on the date of each annual meeting of our stockholders, by up to the lesser of (x) a number of additional shares of our common stock representing 1% of our then-outstanding shares of common stock on such date and (y) 344,828 shares of our common stock. 58 Table of Contents Performance Graph (1) The following graph shows a comparison from December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2018 of the cumulative total return on an assumed investment of $100 in cash in our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index. Such returns are based on historical results and are not intended to suggest future performance. Data for the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index assume reinvestment of dividends. (1) This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing of Clovis Oncology, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following table sets forth certain of our selected historical financial data at the dates and for the periods indicated. The selected historical statement of operations data presented below for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 and the historical balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The historical statement of operations data presented below for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 and the historical balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited financial statements that do not appear in this report. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected in any future period. The selected historical financial data presented below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and the related notes thereto, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected historical financial information in this section is not intended to replace our financial statements and the related notes thereto. 59 Table of Contents Statement of Operations Data: Revenues: Product revenue License and milestone revenue Total revenues Operating expenses: 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts) 2017 2015 2014 $ 95,388 $ 55,511 $ — 95,388 — 55,511 78 $ — 78 — $ — — — 13,625 13,625 Cost of sales - product Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization Research and development Selling, general and administrative Acquired in-process research and development Impairment of intangible asset Change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration Total expenses Operating loss Other income (expense): Interest expense Foreign currency (loss) gain Legal settlement loss SEC settlement costs Other income (expense) Other income (expense), net Loss before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net loss Basic and diluted net loss per common share Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Balance Sheet Data: Cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities Working capital Total assets Convertible senior notes Common stock and additional paid-in capital Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) 19,444 2,630 231,347 175,781 — — — 429,202 (333,814) 10,251 1,486 142,498 138,907 — — — 293,142 (237,631) 70 — 251,129 40,731 1,300 104,517 (24,936) 372,811 (372,733) — — 269,251 30,524 12,000 89,557 (24,611) 376,721 (376,721) — — 137,705 21,457 8,806 3,409 707 172,084 (158,459) (10,428) (82) (105,477) — 3,643 (112,344) (349,975) 3,578 (13,183) (346) (7,975) (20,000) 7,917 (33,587) (367,401) (608) (2,604) 3,580 — — (240) 736 (157,723) (2,308) $(368,009) $(346,397) $(349,137) $(352,861) $(160,031) (4.72) $ (8,372) 2,740 — — 416 (5,216) (381,937) 29,076 (8,491) (580) — — 633 (8,438) (381,171) 32,034 (9.07) $ (7.07) $ (7.36) $ (9.79) $ 52,066 47,047 38,478 36,026 33,889 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 As of December 31, (in thousands) $ 520,146 $ 563,731 $ 266,183 $ 528,588 $482,677 443,400 786,206 278,680 785,123 331,630 464,125 713,386 279,885 1,130,016 300,650 545,423 735,230 282,406 1,887,249 367,636 213,813 364,557 281,126 1,174,989 (3,634) 446,550 863,560 575,470 2,034,195 146,469 60 Table of Contents ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and related notes appearing at the end of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financing, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should read the “Risk Factors” section of this report for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. Overview We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, the EU and additional international markets. We target our development programs for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations, and simultaneously develop, with partners, for those indications that require them, diagnostic tools intended to direct a compound in development to the population that is most likely to benefit from its use. Our product Rubraca® (rucaparib), an oral small molecule inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (“PARP”), is marketed in the United States for two indications specific to recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. The initial indication received approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in December 2016 and covers the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA (human genes associated with the repair of damaged DNA) mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. In April 2018, the FDA also approved Rubraca for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The approval in this second, broader and earlier-line indication on a priority review timeline was based on positive data from the phase 3 ARIEL3 clinical trial. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication. We hold worldwide rights to Rubraca. In May 2018, the European Commission granted a conditional marketing authorization for Rubraca as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with two or more prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy. As this is a conditional approval, it will be necessary to complete certain confirmatory post marketing commitments. In January 2019, the European Commission granted a variation to the marketing authorization to include the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. With this approval, Rubraca is now authorized in the European Union (“EU”) for certain patients in the recurrent ovarian cancer maintenance setting regardless of their BRCA mutation status. Rubraca was the first PARP inhibitor licensed for an ovarian cancer treatment indication in the EU and is now the first to be authorized for both treatment and maintenance treatment among eligible patients. We are planning our initial launch of Rubraca as maintenance therapy in Germany during the first quarter of 2019, with other EU countries to follow through 2019 and 2020. Additional 2018 Rubraca key regulatory and clinical developments include the following: During the first quarter of 2018, we initiated an open-label monotherapy study of Rubraca in recurrent, metastatic bladder cancer titled ATLAS: A Study of Rucaparib in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer. In August 2018, the first patient was randomized into our ATHENA Phase 3 study evaluating the combination of Rubraca and OPDIVO® (nivolumab) for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in the first line maintenance setting. ATHENA is a Clovis-sponsored study which is part of our ongoing clinical collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca in a variety of tumor types. 61 Table of Contents In October 2018, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy designation (“BTD”) for the development of Rubraca as a monotherapy treatment of adult patients with BRCA1/2-mutated metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”) who have received at least one prior androgen receptor (“AR”)-directed therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. BTD was granted based on initial efficacy and safety results from the ongoing TRITON2 phase 2 study of Rubraca in patients with advanced mCRPC with BRCA 1/2 mutations (germline or somatic) and deleterious mutations of other homologous recombination (“HR”) repair genes presented at ESMO. In October 2018, we announced initial data from the ongoing TRITON studies of Rubraca in advanced prostate cancer at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2018 Congress. The initial TRITON2 data showed a 44 percent confirmed objective response (ORR) by investigator-assessment in 25 RECIST/PCWG3 (RECIST as modified by the Prostate Cancer Working Group for mCRPC trials) response-evaluable patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration, and results by independent assessment were consistent. The median duration of response in these patients had not yet been reached. In addition, a 51 percent confirmed prostate specific antigen (PSA) response rate was observed in 45 PSA response-evaluable patients with a BRCA1/2 alteration. Preliminary safety data for Rubraca in men with mCRPC were consistent with those observed in patients with ovarian cancer and other solid tumors. We also have a robust clinical development program underway to further evaluate Rubraca in a variety of other solid tumor types, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, including several studies as part of our ongoing clinical collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca. In addition, we have one other product candidate. Lucitanib is an oral, potent inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“VEGFR1-3”), platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (“PDGFR α/β”) and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“FGFR1-3”). We believe that recent data for a drug similar to lucitanib that inhibits these same pathways – when combined with a PD-1 inhibitor – provide support for development of lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor and a Clovis-sponsored study of lucitanib in combination with nivolumab is planned in gynecologic cancers. In addition, we intend to initiate a study of lucitanib in combination with Rubraca in ovarian cancer, based on encouraging data of VEGF and PARP inhibitors in combination. We intend to initiate each of these Phase 1b/2 combination studies during the first half of 2019. Lucitanib was previously partnered with Servier outside the U.S. and Japan (also excluding China); Servier returned its rights to lucitanib in late 2018. We now hold the global development and commercialization rights (except for China) for lucitanib. In early 2019, we provided notice to Celgene Corporation exercising the right to terminate our license to rociletinib, an oral mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (“EGFR”). That termination will become effective in the second quarter of 2019. We commenced operations in April 2009. To date, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to identifying and in- licensing product candidates, performing development activities with respect to those product candidates and the general and administrative support of these operations. For the year ended December 31, 2018, have generated $95.4 million product revenue related to sales of Rubraca, which we began to commercialize on December 19, 2016. We have principally funded our operations using the net proceeds from the sale of convertible preferred stock, the issuance of convertible promissory notes, public offerings of our common stock and our convertible senior notes offering. We have never been profitable and, as of December 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,843.1 million. We incurred net losses of $368.0 million, $346.4 million and $349.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and had cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities totaling $520.1 million at December 31, 2018. We expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, as we incur costs related to commercial activities associated with Rubraca. In April 2018, we sold 1,837,898 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $54.41 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were $93.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Concurrently, we completed the public offering of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025. The net proceeds from this offering were $290.9 million, after deducting 62 Table of Contents underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Based on our current estimates, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities will allow us to fund activities through at least the next 12 months. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenue from Rubraca, we expect to finance our operations in part through additional public or private equity or debt offerings and may seek additional capital through arrangements with strategic partners or from other sources. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may never do so. Product License Agreements For a discussion of our product license agreements, see Note 13, License Agreements , in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data , of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Financial Operations Overview Revenue During 2018, we recorded $95.4 million in revenue related to sales of Rubraca, which we began to commercialize on December 19, 2016. For further discussion of our revenue recognition policy, see “Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” below. Our ability to generate revenue and become profitable depends upon our ability to successfully commercialize products. Any inability on our part to successfully commercialize Rubraca in the United States, the EU and any foreign territories where it may be approved, or any significant delay in such approvals, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to execute upon our business strategy and, ultimately, to generate sufficient revenues from Rubraca to reach or maintain profitability or sustain our anticipated levels of operations. We supply commercially labeled Rubraca free of charge to eligible patients who qualify due to financial need through our patient assistance program and the majority of these patients are on Medicare. This product is distributed through a separate vendor who administers the program on our behalf. It is not distributed through our specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy network. This product is neither included in the transaction price nor the variable considerations to arrive at product revenue. Manufacturing costs associated with this free product is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the supply of this free drug was approximately 26% of the overall commercial supply or the equivalent of $33.4 million in commercial value. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Upon adoption, we recognized revenue when our customers, the specialty distributors and specialty pharmacy providers, take control of our product. This resulted in us recognizing revenue approximately two to four weeks earlier than before adopting the new standard. We used the modified retrospective method to adopt the new standard. This means that we did not restate previously issued financial statements, but recorded a one-time adjustment to retained earnings of $2.4 million. This adjustment represents the sales of our product to our customers prior to January 1, 2018, that had not been sold to patients or healthcare providers, offset by related gross-to-net adjustments and other direct costs, including royalties and sales incentive compensation. During 2017, revenue was recognized for U.S. tax purposes when our product was sold to the specialty distributors and pharmacies, a method that differs from book treatment. This difference in revenue recognition resulted in the establishment of the deferred tax asset for the sales value of our product held by our specialty distributor and pharmacy providers at December 31, 2017. The deferred tax asset was offset by a full valuation allowance and has no impact to our statement of operations. With the adoption of ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018, revenue is recognized when our product is sold to the specialty distributors pharmacies, which will match the tax treatment resulting in no deferred tax asset. For a complete discussion of this adoption and the accounting for product revenue, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the “Recently Issued Accounting Standards” section and Note 3, Revenue Recognition . 63 Table of Contents Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for the development of our product candidates and companion diagnostics, which include: license fees and milestone payments related to the acquisition of in-licensed products, which are reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as acquired in-process research and development; employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense; expenses incurred under agreements with CROs and investigative sites that conduct our clinical trials; the cost of acquiring, developing and manufacturing clinical trial materials; costs associated with non-clinical activities and regulatory operations; market research, disease education and other commercial product planning activities, including the hiring of a U.S. sales and marketing and medical affairs organization in preparation for commercial launch of rucaparib; and activities associated with the development of companion diagnostics for our product candidates. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. License fees and milestone payments related to in-licensed products and technology are expensed if it is determined that they have no alternative future use. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials and manufacturing of clinical supply, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors. Our research and development expenses increased for 2018 and will continue to increase in 2019 as our ongoing rucaparib studies progress. The following table identifies research and development and acquired in-process research and development costs on a program-specific basis for our products under development. Personnel-related costs, depreciation and share-based compensation are not allocated to specific programs, as they are deployed across multiple projects under development and, as such, are separately classified as personnel and other expenses in the table below. Rucaparib Expenses Research and development Acquired in-process research and development Rucaparib Total Lucitanib Expenses Research and development (a) Lucitanib Total Rociletinib Expenses Research and development Rociletinib Total Personnel and other expenses Total 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) 2016 $ 153,083 $ — 153,083 72,901 $ 101,598 1,300 102,898 — 72,901 786 786 (1,187) (1,187) (1,337) (1,337) 2,391 2,391 75,087 43,768 43,768 107,100 $ 231,347 $ 142,498 $ 252,429 7,712 7,712 63,072 (a) This amount reflects actual costs incurred less amounts due from Servier for reimbursable development expenses pursuant to the collaboration and license agreement described in Note 13, License Agreements, to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For 2018, research and development expenses increased due to higher research and development costs for rucaparib. For 2017, research and development expenses decreased primarily due to decreased development activities for the rociletinib program. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive, commercial, finance, legal, investor relations, human resources and information technology functions. Other 64 Table of Contents general and administrative expenses include facilities expenses, communication expenses, information technology costs, corporate insurance and professional fees for legal, consulting and accounting services. With the FDA approval of Rubraca on December 19, 2016, all sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. We anticipate that our selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in the future in support of our commercial activities related to Rubraca in the U.S. and the EU. Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expenses Acquired in-process research and development expenses consist of upfront payments to acquire a new drug compound, as well as subsequent milestone payments. Acquired in-process research and development payments are immediately expensed provided that the drug has not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such approval, has no alternative future use. Once regulatory approval is received, payments to acquire rights, and the related milestone payments, are capitalized and the amortization of such assets recorded to product cost of sales. Impairment of Intangible Asset In connection with the acquisition of EOS in November 2013, we recorded intangible assets to reflect the fair value of acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) as of the acquisition date. The fair value was established based upon discounted cash flow models using assumptions related to the timing of development, probability of development and regulatory success, sales and commercialization factors and estimated product life. During the second quarter of 2016, we recorded a $104.5 million impairment charge due to our and our development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. At December 31, 2018, the IPR&D intangible asset recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was zero. Other Income and Expense Other income and expense are primarily comprised of foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions with CROs, investigational sites and contract manufacturers where payments are made in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Other expense also includes interest expense recognized related to our convertible senior notes. Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and revenue and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals and share-based compensation expense. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe the following accounting policies to be most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. Revenue Recognition We are currently approved to sell Rubraca in the United States and the EU markets. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and health care providers. Separately, we have arrangements with certain payors and other third parties that provide for government-mandated and privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts. Revenue from product sales are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is when customers obtain control of our product at a point in time, typically upon delivery. Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established 65 Table of Contents and which result from price concessions that include rebates, chargebacks, discounts, co-pay assistance, estimated product returns and other allowances that are offered within contracts between us and our customers, health care providers, payors and other indirect customers relating to the sales of our product. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable (if the amount is payable to the customers) or a current liability (if the amount is payable to a party other than a customer). Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, we adjust these estimates, which would affect product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized $95.4 million of product revenue. Accrued Research and Development Expenses As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our accrued expenses. This process involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders, communicating with our personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the actual cost. The majority of our service providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed or when contractual milestones are met. We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in our financial statements based on facts and circumstances known to us at that time. We periodically confirm the accuracy of our estimates with the service providers and make adjustments if necessary. Examples of estimated accrued research and development expenses include: fees paid to CROs in connection with clinical studies; fees paid to investigative sites in connection with clinical studies; fees paid to vendors in connection with non-clinical development activities; fees paid to vendors associated with the development of companion diagnostics; and fees paid to vendors related to product manufacturing, development and distribution of clinical supplies. We base our expenses related to clinical studies on our estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple CROs that conduct and manage clinical studies on our behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be instances in which payments made to our vendors will exceed the level of services provided and result in a prepayment of the clinical expense. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of patients and the completion of clinical trial milestones. In accruing service fees, we estimate the time period over which services will be performed, enrollment of patients, number of sites activated and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from our estimate, we adjust the accrual or prepaid accordingly. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in us reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period. Share-Based Compensation Determining the amount of share-based compensation to be recorded requires us to develop estimates of the fair value of stock options as of their grant date. Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the award. Calculating the fair value of share-based awards requires that we make highly subjective assumptions. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value our stock option awards. Use of this valuation methodology requires that we make assumptions as to the expected dividend yield, price volatility of our common stock, the risk-free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our stock options and the expected term of our stock options. We utilize a dividend yield of zero based on the fact that we have never paid cash dividends and have no current intention to pay cash dividends. 66 Table of Contents The fair value of stock options for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was estimated at the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions for the respective periods: Year Ended December 31, Dividend yield Volatility (a) Risk-free interest rate (b) Expected term (years) (c) 2018 — 88 % 2017 — 89 % 2016 — 93 % 2.92 % 2.16 % 1.77 % 5.8 5.9 5.8 (a) Volatility : The expected volatility was estimated using our historical data. (b) Risk-free interest rate : The rate is based on the yield on the grant date of a zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond whose maturity period approximates the option’s expected term. (c) Expected term : The expected term of the award was estimated using our historical data. We recognized share-based compensation expense of approximately $49.1 million, $44.7 million and $39.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested options, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $55.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.3 years. As of December 31, 2018, the unrecognized share- based compensation expense related to RSUs, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $29.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.8 years. We expect our share-based compensation to continue to grow in future periods due to the potential increases in the value of our common stock and headcount. We estimate the level of forfeitures expected to occur and record compensation expense only for those awards that we ultimately expect will vest. Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. Inventories include active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”), contract manufacturing costs and overhead allocations. We began capitalizing incurred inventory related costs upon the regulatory approval of Rubraca. Prior to the regulatory approval of Rubraca, we incurred costs for the manufacture of the drug that could potentially be available to support the commercial launch of Rubraca and all such costs were recognized as research and development expense. We regularly analyze our inventory levels for excess quantities and obsolescence (expiration), taking into account factors such as historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the remaining shelf-life of Rubraca. Rubraca finished goods have a shelf-life of four years from the date of manufacture. We expect to sell the finished goods prior to expiration. The API currently has a shelf-life of four years from the date of manufacture but can be retested at an immaterial cost with no expected reduction in potency, thereby extending its shelf-life as needed. We expect to consume substantially all of the API over a period of approximately eight years based on our long-range sales projections of Rubraca. We write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value and/or inventory in excess of expected sales requirements. Expired inventory would be disposed of and the related costs would be written off as cost of product revenue. Inventories that are not expected to be consumed within 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as long-term inventories. Long-term inventories primarily consist of API. API is currently produced by a single supplier. As the API has undergone significant manufacturing specific to its intended purpose at the point it is purchased by us, we classify the API as work-in-process inventory. In addition, we currently manufacture Rubraca finished goods with a single third-party manufacturer. The disruption or termination of the supply of API or the disruption or termination of the manufacturing of our commercial products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. Inventory used in clinical trials is expensed as research and development expense when it has been identified for such use. 67 Table of Contents At December 31, 2018, we had $27.1 million of current inventory and $113.9 million of long-term inventory. In addition, we had $12.4 million cash deposit on inventory, which consists of API that we expect to be converted to finished goods beyond the next twelve months. Intangible Assets Definite-lived intangible assets related to capitalized milestones under license agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over their remaining useful lives, which are estimated to be the remaining patent life. If our estimate of the product’s useful life is shorter than the remaining patent life, then a shorter period is used. Amortization expense is recorded as a component of cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Events that could result in an impairment, or trigger an interim impairment assessment, include the decision to discontinue the development of a drug, the receipt of additional clinical or nonclinical data regarding our drug candidate or a potentially competitive drug candidate, changes in the clinical development program for a drug candidate, or new information regarding potential sales for the drug. In connection with any impairment assessment, the fair value of the intangible assets as of the date of assessment is compared to the carrying value of the intangible asset. Impairment losses are recognized if the carrying value of an intangible asset is both not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. During the second quarter of 2016, we recorded a $104.5 million impairment charge to the IPR&D intangible assets due to our and our development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer, thereby reducing the remaining carrying value to zero. Results of Operations Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2018 to the Year Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Revenues: Product revenue Operating expenses: Cost of sales - product Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization Research and development Selling, general and administrative Total expenses Operating loss Other income (expense): Interest expense Foreign currency loss Legal settlement loss SEC settlement costs Other income Other expense, net Loss before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net loss Year ended December 31, 2018 2017 Change Favorable/(Unfavorable) $ % $ 95,388 $ 55,511 $ 39,877 19,444 2,630 231,347 175,781 429,202 (333,814) (13,183) (346) (7,975) (20,000) 7,917 (33,587) (367,401) (608) $ (368,009) $ 10,251 1,486 142,498 138,907 293,142 (237,631) (10,428) (82) (105,477) — 3,643 (112,344) (349,975) 3,578 (346,397) $ (9,193) (1,144) (88,849) (36,874) (136,060) (96,183) (2,755) (264) 97,502 (20,000) 4,274 78,757 (17,426) (4,186) (21,612) 72 % (90)% (77)% (62)% (27)% (46)% (40)% (26)% (322)% 92 % (100)% 117 % 70 % (5)% (117)% (6)% Product Revenue. Product revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased primarily due to continued growth in sales of Rubraca, which was approved for sale in the United States markets and we began shipping on December 19, 2016. Growth in sales is also due to the additional maintenance treatment indication that was approved in the United States in April 2018. Product revenue is recorded net of variable considerations comprised of rebates, chargebacks and other discounts. Variable considerations represented 10.4% and 8.1% of the transaction price recognized in the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This increase primarily relates to an increase in 68 Table of Contents older patients on Medicare as well as additional patients filling prescriptions at low-income clinics. Amounts are summarized as follows: Year ended December 31, 2018 Year ended December 31, 2017 $ (in thousands) % of Gross Sales $ (in thousands) % of Gross Sales $ 106,479 100.0% $ 60,384 100.0% Transaction price Sales deductions: Government rebates and chargebacks Discounts and fees Total sales deductions Product revenue $ 6,379 4,712 11,091 95,388 6.0% 4.4% 10.4% 89.6% $ 2,575 2,298 4,873 55,511 4.3% 3.8% 8.1% 91.9% Cost of Sales - Product. Product cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased due to the increase in product revenue. Product cost of sales primarily relate to manufacturing, freight and royalties costs associated with Rubraca sales in the period. Manufacturing costs associated with sales in the year ended December 31, 2017 were expensed as incurred based on our policy to expense costs associated with the manufacture of our products prior to regulatory approval, and therefore, a minimal amount is included as product cost of sales. These costs increased in the year ended December 31, 2018, as we depleted these inventories as of the fourth quarter of 2017. Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization . For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized cost of sales of $2.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, associated with the amortization of capitalized milestone payments related to the approvals of Rubraca by the FDA in December 2016 and April 2018 and by the European Commission in May 2018. Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased during the year ended December 31, 2018 due to higher research and development costs for rucaparib. Clinical trial costs for rucaparib were higher compared to the same period a year ago due to higher costs from increased enrollment in ARIEL4, our confirmatory ovarian cancer trials, and increased enrollment in our TRITON2 and TRITON3 studies for prostate cancer. We have increased costs related to our new ATLAS study for bladder cancer, our ATHENA combination study with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company’s immunotherapy OPDIVO for ovarian cancer and our RUCA-J study for ovarian cancer in Japan. In addition, personnel costs increased during the year ended December 31, 2018 due to higher headcount to support increased rucaparib clinical trial activities. Clinical trial costs for rociletinib were $5.3 million lower than the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily due to patients discontinuing drug treatment and investigational sites closing for all the TIGER studies in non-small cell lung cancer. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased during the year ended December 31, 2018 due to increased commercialization activities for Rubraca and the increase of costs associated with building out the European infrastructure in anticipation of commercialization there, which includes an increase of $2.9 million in facilities expense and $2.2 million in personnel costs. In addition, there was an increase of $4.3 million in legal expense and $3.4 million in stock compensation expense. Interest Expense. Interest expense increased during the year ended December 31, 2018 due to the issuance of the 2025 Notes on April 19, 2018. Foreign Currency Loss. Foreign currency loss increased during the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily due to the foreign currency rate utilized to translate our Euro-denominated goodwill into U.S. dollars. Legal Settlement Loss. During the first quarter of 2018, we recorded a one-time charge of $8.0 million related to an agreement to resolve a potential litigation claim against us and our officers. During 2017, we recorded a $105.5 million legal settlement loss, net of insurance receivable, related to a stipulation agreement of settlement whereby we issued the 69 Table of Contents plaintiff and participating class members a total consideration comprised of $25.0 million in cash and the issuance of 1.5 million shares. The cash portion of the consideration was funded by Clovis’ insurance carriers. SEC Settlement Costs. During the second quarter of 2018, we recorded a one-time charge of $20.0 million related to an agreement reached with the SEC to resolve its investigation. See Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies for further information regarding this investigation and other legal proceedings. Other Income. Other income increased during the year ended December 31, 2018 due to interest income earned on our available-for-sale securities. Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2017 to the Year Ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Revenues: Product revenue Operating expenses: Cost of sales - product Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization Research and development Selling, general and administrative Acquired in-process research and development Impairment of intangible asset Change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration Total expenses Operating loss Other income (expense): Interest expense Foreign currency loss Legal settlement loss Other income Other expense, net Loss before income taxes Income tax benefit Net loss Year ended December 31, 2017 2016 Change Favorable/(Unfavorable) $ % $ 55,511 $ 78 $ 55,433 71,068 % 10,251 1,486 142,498 138,907 — — — 293,142 (237,631) (10,428) (82) (105,477) 3,643 (112,344) (349,975) 3,578 $ (346,397) $ 70 — 251,129 40,731 1,300 104,517 (24,936) 372,811 (372,733) (10,181) (1,486) 108,631 (98,176) 1,300 104,517 (24,936) 79,669 135,102 (8,491) (580) — 633 (8,438) (381,171) 32,034 (349,137) $ (1,937) 498 (105,477) 3,010 (103,906) 31,196 (28,456) 2,740 (14,544)% (100)% 43 % (241)% 100 % 100 % 100 % 21 % 36 % (23)% 86 % (100)% 476 % (1,231)% 8 % (89)% 1 % Product Revenue. Product revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was due to the recognition of $55.5 million of net product revenue from the sale of Rubraca, which was approved for sale in the United States markets on December 19, 2016. Revenue is recorded net of sales deductions comprised of rebates, chargebacks and other discounts. Sales deductions represented approximately 8.1% of the gross product revenue recognized in the year ended December 31, 2017, as summarized above. Cost of Sales - Product. Product cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2017 relate to freight and royalties costs associated with Rubraca sales for the period. Based on our policy to expense costs associated with the manufacture of our products prior to regulatory approval, certain of the costs of Rubraca units recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2017 were expensed prior to the December 19, 2016 FDA approval, and therefore are not included in costs of sales during the current period. The majority of product sales were of pre-commercialization inventory in 2017. Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization . For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized cost of sales of $1.5 million associated with the amortization of capitalized milestone payments related to the FDA approval of Rubraca. Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses decreased during the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to lower research and development costs for rucaparib and rociletinib and classification of commercialization related expenses associated with Rubraca in selling, general and 70 Table of Contents administrative expenses rather than research and development expenses. In the year ended December 31, 2017, Rubraca commercialization costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses were $95.2 million. Clinical trial costs for rucaparib were $0.3 million lower compared to the same period a year ago due to completed enrollment in our ARIEL2 and ARIEL 3 studies, partially offset by higher costs from enrollment in ARIEL4, our confirmatory ovarian cancer trials, and enrollment in our TRITON2 and TRITON3 studies for prostate cancer. Diagnostic development costs were $4.4 million lower compared to the prior year as the prior year included the costs associated with our collaboration with Foundation Medicine, Inc. to develop a novel companion diagnostic test to identify patients most likely to respond to rucaparib. Finally, clinical supply and related manufacturing development costs were $15.9 million lower than 2016 due to the capitalization of these costs subsequent to the FDA approval of rucaparib. Clinical trial costs for rociletinib were $23.6 million lower than 2016 primarily due to the completion of patient enrollment for all the TIGER studies in non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical supply and related manufacturing development costs were $6.6 million lower than 2016 driven by timing of production to support our clinical studies. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased during the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to classification of commercialization related expenses associated with Rubraca in selling, general and administrative expenses rather than research and development expenses. Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expenses. During 2016, we made a milestone payment of $0.3 million to AstraZeneca upon the NDA submission for rucaparib and we made milestone payments totaling $1.0 million to Pfizer upon acceptance of the NDA and MAA for rucaparib by the FDA and EMA, respectively. No such payments occurred during 2017. Impairment of Intangible Asset. During the second quarter of 2016, we recorded a $104.5 million impairment charge to the IPR&D intangible asset relating to our lucitanib product candidate which reduced the carrying value of the intangible assets related to the product to zero. This reduction in the estimated fair value of lucitanib was the result of our and our development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. Change in Fair Value of Contingent Purchase Consideration. The fair value of contingent purchase consideration decreased $24.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, which is due to a $25.5 million reduction in the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liability we recorded during the second quarter of 2016 due to our and our development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. Legal Settlement Loss. During 2017, we recorded a $105.5 million legal settlement loss, net of insurance receivable, related to a stipulation agreement of settlement whereby we issued the plaintiff and participating class members a total consideration comprised of $25.0 million in cash and the issuance of 1.5 million shares. The cash portion of the consideration was funded by Clovis’ insurance carriers. Other Income. Other income increased for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 2016 due to interest income earned on our available-for-sale securities. Income Tax Benefit. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized a $28.4 million deferred tax benefit associated with the impairment of the IPR&D intangible assets recorded in the second quarter of 2016. In addition, during the first quarter 2016, we recognized a $3.6 million deferred tax benefit due to a reduction in the enacted corporate tax rate of a foreign jurisdiction in which we operate. Liquidity and Capital Resources To date, we have funded our operations through the public offering of our common stock and the private placement of convertible debt securities and preferred stock. In April 2018, we sold 1,837,898 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $54.41 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were $93.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Concurrently, we completed the public offering of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025. The net proceeds from this offering were $290.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. As of December 31, 2018, we had cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities totaling $520.1 million. 71 Table of Contents The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below: Net cash used in operating activities Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities Net cash provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Operating Activities 2016 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) $(365,997) $(260,904) $(266,680) 199,299 (264,242) 5,176 388,464 (365) (547) $(242,322) $ 248,012 $ (62,570) (54,102) 562,075 943 Net cash used in operating activities was higher during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the prior year due to a higher net loss as adjusted for non-cash items and increases in the operating assets needed to support the commercialization of Rubraca, most notably related to inventory. Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by $5.8 million compared to 2016 due to a decrease in net loss adjusted for non-cash items of $63.3 million, primarily due the recognition of $55.5 million of revenue during 2017, partially offset by inventory purchases and deposits of $48.0 million and the recognition of $6.2 million in accounts receivable in 2017. Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 included purchases of available-for-sale securities of $500.0 million offset by cash from sales of available-for-sale securities of $300.0 million and milestone payments of $55.0 million. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $263.5 million in purchases of available- for-sale securities compared to no purchases in 2016. Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 included $4.0 million received from employee stock option exercises and stock purchases under the employee stock purchase plan. We completed the sale of $93.9 million of common stock, net of issuance costs, during the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, we issued $290.9 million of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs, during the year ended December 31, 2018. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $545.8 million in net proceeds received from our common stock offerings in January and June 2017 and $16.2 million received from employee stock option exercises and stock purchases under the employee stock purchase plan. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 is due to $5.2 million received from employee stock option exercises and stock purchases under the employee stock purchase plan. Operating Capital Requirements In the United States, Rubraca is approved by the FDA for two indications for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. In the EU, Rubraca is approved by the EMA for two indications for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. We expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, as we commercialize Rubraca and expand our selling, general and administrative functions to support the growth in our commercial organization. Additionally, our operating plan for the next 12 months includes a significant investment in inventory to meet the projected commercial requirements for Rubraca. We receive the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Rubraca from one supplier and we experience long lead times associated with its production. Accordingly, we expect to experience a decrease in our liquidity at the beginning of a production cycle and an increase as the inventory produced is sold. 72 Table of Contents As of December 31, 2018, we had cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities totaling $520.1 million and total current liabilities of $125.7 million. In April 2018, we sold 1,837,898 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $54.41 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were $93.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Concurrently, we completed the public offering of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025. The net proceeds from this offering were $290.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds of the offerings for general corporate purposes, including sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca in the United States and the EU, funding of our development programs, selling, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital. Based on current estimates, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and available-for- sale securities will allow us to fund our operating plan through at least the next 12 months. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, we are unable to estimate the exact amounts of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to: the number and characteristics of the product candidates, companion diagnostics and indications we pursue; the achievement of various development, regulatory and commercial milestones resulting in required payments to partners pursuant to the terms of our license agreements; the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing our product candidates and related companion diagnostics and conducting clinical and non-clinical trials; the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for our product candidates and companion diagnostics; the cost of commercialization activities, including marketing and distribution costs; the cost of manufacturing any of our product candidates we successfully commercialize; the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims, including litigation costs and outcome of such litigation; and the timing, receipt and amount of sales, if any, of our product candidates. Contractual Obligations and Commitments The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Less than 1 More Than 5 Year 1 to 3 Years 3 to 5 Years Years Total Convertible senior notes Interest on convertible senior notes Operating lease commitments Capital lease commitments Purchase and other commitments (a) Total $ — $287,500 $ — $300,000 $587,500 43,227 5,010 7,500 28,500 9,491 4,762 12,152 3,472 3,472 101,623 24,359 24,358 $ 46,228 $344,350 $ 40,092 $342,332 $773,002 19,779 9,241 3,472 24,358 10,938 5,006 1,736 28,548 (a) On October 3, 2016, we entered into a Manufacturing and Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with a non-exclusive third-party supplier for the production of the active ingredient for Rubraca. Under the terms of the Agreement, we will provide the third-party supplier a rolling forecast for the supply of the active ingredient in Rubraca that will be updated by us on a quarterly basis. We are obligated to order material sufficient to satisfy an initial quantity specified in any forecast. In addition, the third-party supplier constructed, in its existing facility, a production train that will be exclusively dedicated to the manufacture of the Rubraca active ingredient. We are obligated to make scheduled capital program fee payments toward capital equipment and other costs associated with the construction of the dedicated production train. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2018, the facility became operational. We are obligated to pay a fixed facility fee each quarter for the duration of the Agreement, which expires on December 31, 2025, unless extended by mutual consent of the parties. Royalty and License Fee Commitments We have certain obligations under licensing agreements with third parties contingent upon achieving various development, regulatory and commercial milestones. On August 30, 2016, we entered into a first amendment to the 73 Table of Contents worldwide license agreement with Pfizer, which amends the June 2011 existing worldwide license agreement to permit us to defer payment of the milestone payments payable upon (i) FDA approval of an NDA for 1 Indication in US and (ii) European Commission approval of an MAA for 1 Indication in the EU, to a date that is 18 months after the date of achievement of such milestones. st st On December 19, 2016, Rubraca received its initial FDA approval. This approval resulted in a $0.75 million milestone payment to Pfizer as required by the license agreement, which was paid in the first quarter of 2017. The FDA approval also resulted in an obligation to pay a $20.0 million milestone payment, for which we exercised the option to defer payment by agreeing to pay $23.0 million within 18 months after the date of the FDA approval. We paid the $23.0 million milestone payment in June 2018. On April 6, 2018, Rubraca received a second FDA approval. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $15.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in April 2018. In May 2018, Rubraca received its initial European Commission marketing authorization. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $20.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in June 2018. In January 2019, Rubraca received a second European Commission approval. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $15.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in February 2019. These milestone payments were recognized as intangible assets and amortized over the estimated remaining useful life of Rubraca. We are obligated under the license agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize Rubraca and we are responsible for all ongoing development and commercialization costs for Rubraca. We are required to make regulatory milestone payments to Pfizer of up to an additional $16.75 million in aggregate if specified clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptances and approvals are achieved. In addition, we are obligated to make sales milestone payments to Pfizer if specified annual sales targets for Rubraca are met, which relate to annual sales targets of $250.0 million and above, which, in the aggregate, could amount to total milestone payments of $170.0 million, and tiered royalty payments at a mid-teen percentage rate on our net sales, with standard provisions for royalty offsets to the extent we need to obtain any rights from third parties to commercialize Rubraca. We are obligated to pay additional consideration to the former EOS shareholders if certain future regulatory and lucitanib- related sales milestones are achieved. The estimated fair value of these payments was recorded as contingent purchase consideration on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The potential contingent milestone payments range from a zero payment, which assumes lucitanib fails to achieve any of the regulatory milestones, to $196.5 million ($65.0 million and €115.0 million) if all regulatory and sales milestones are met, utilizing the translation rate at December 31, 2018. The estimated fair value of the liability was zero at December 31, 2018 due to the uncertainty of achieving any of the lucitanib regulatory milestones, and therefore the remote likelihood of future milestone payout amounts to the former EOS shareholders. We are also obligated to pay to Advenchen 25% of any consideration, excluding royalties, received pursuant to any sublicense agreements for lucitanib, including the agreement with Servier. Pursuant to our license agreement for the development and commercialization of rociletinib, we may be required to pay up to an additional aggregate of $98.0 million in regulatory milestone payments if certain clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptance and approvals are achieved. Further, we may be required to pay up to an aggregate of $120.0 million in sales milestone payments if certain annual sales targets are met for rociletinib. Finally, pursuant to terms of each of our product license agreements, we will pay royalties to our licensors on sales, if any, of the respective products. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under the rules promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 74 Table of Contents Tax Loss Carryforwards As of December 31, 2018, we have net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $1.4 billion to offset future federal income taxes. We also have research and development and orphan drug tax credit carryforwards of $247.8 million to offset future federal income taxes. The federal net operating loss carryforwards and research and development and orphan drug tax credit carryforwards expire at various times through 2038. We believe that a change in ownership as defined under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code occurred as a result of our public offering of common stock completed in April 2012. Future utilization of the federal net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards accumulated from inception to the change in ownership date will be subject to annual limitations to offset future taxable income. It is possible that a change in ownership will occur in the future, which will limit the NOL amounts generated since the last estimated change in ownership. At December 31, 2018, we recorded a 100% valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets in the U.S. of approximately $647.9 million, as we believe it is more likely than not that the tax benefits will not be fully realized. In the future, if we determine that a portion or all of the tax benefits associated with our tax carryforwards will be realized, net income would increase in the period of determination. Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards For a discussion of recently adopted and issued accounting standards, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data , of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2018, we had cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities of $520.1 million, consisting of bank demand deposits, money market funds and U.S. treasury securities. The primary objectives of our investment policy are to preserve principal and maintain proper liquidity to meet operating needs. Our investment policy specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issue, issuer or type of investment. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because our investments are in short-term securities. Our available-for-sale securities are subject to interest rate risk and will decline in value if market interest rates increase. Due to the short-term duration of our investment portfolio and the low risk profile of our investments, an immediate 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair value of our portfolio. We contract with contract research organizations, investigational sites and contract manufacturers globally where payments are made in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In addition, on October 3, 2016, we entered into a Manufacturing and Services Agreement with a Swiss company for the production and supply of the active ingredient for rucaparib. Under the terms of this agreement, payments for the supply of the active ingredient in rucaparib as well as scheduled capital program fee payment toward capital equipment and other costs associated with the construction of a dedicated production train will be made in Swiss francs. Once the production facility is operational, which occurred in October 2018, we are obligated to pay a fixed facility fee each quarter for the duration of the agreement, which expires on December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2018, $101.6 million of purchase commitments exist under the Swiss Manufacturing and Services Agreement and we are required to remit amounts due in Swiss francs. Due to other variables that may exist, it is difficult to quantify the impact of a particular change in exchange rates. However, we estimate that if the value of the US dollar was to strengthen by 10% compared to the value of Swiss franc as of December 31, 2018, it would decrease the total US dollar purchase commitment under the Swiss Manufacturing and Services Agreement by approximately $11.9 million. Similarly, a 10% weakening of the US dollar compared to the Swiss franc would increase the total US dollar purchase commitment by approximately $8.0 million. While we periodically hold foreign currencies, primarily Euro, Pound Sterling and Swiss Franc, we do not use other financial instruments to hedge our foreign exchange risk. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. As of December 31, 2018, 75 Table of Contents and 2017, approximately 6% and 1%, respectively, of our total liabilities were denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The financial statements required by this Item are included in Item 15 of this report and are presented beginning on page F-1. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective. As of December 31, 2018, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer and affected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 76 Table of Contents As of December 31, 2018, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. In making its assessment, management used the criteria established in Internal Control— Integrated Framework (2013 framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on its assessment, our management determined that, as of December 31, 2018, we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting based on those criteria. In addition, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by Ernst & Young, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. 77 Table of Contents The Stockholders and Board of Directors of Clovis Oncology, Inc. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited Clovis Oncology, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Clovis Oncology, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and our report dated February 27, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Denver, Colorado February 27, 2019 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP 78 Table of Contents ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. PART III Certain information required by Part III is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement relating to our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, also referred to in this Form 10-K as our 2019 Proxy Statement, which we expect to file with the SEC no later than April 30, 2019. ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Information regarding our directors, including the audit committee and audit committee financial experts, and executive officers and compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act will be included in our 2019 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. We have adopted a Code of Business Ethics for all of our directors, officers and employees as required by NASDAQ governance rules and as defined by applicable SEC rules. Stockholders may locate a copy of our Code of Business Ethics on our website at www.clovisoncology.com or request a copy without charge from: Clovis Oncology, Inc. Attention: Investor Relations 5500 Flatiron Parkway, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301 We will post to our website any amendments to the Code of Business Ethics and any waivers that are required to be disclosed by the rules of either the SEC or NASDAQ. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this item regarding executive compensation will be included in our 2019 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be included in the 2019 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this item regarding certain relationships and related transactions and director independence will be included in the 2019 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this item regarding principal accounting fees and services will be included in the 2019 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 79 Table of Contents ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are being filed as part of this report: (1) Financial Statements. PART IV Reference is made to the Index to Financial Statements of Clovis Oncology, Inc. appearing on page F-1 of this report. (2) Financial Statement Schedules. All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or not required or because the information is included elsewhere in the Financial Statements or the Notes thereto. (3) Exhibits. Reference is made to the Index to Exhibits filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 80 Table of Contents Exhibit Number 3.1(5) 3.2(5) 4.1(3) 4.2(8) 4.3(16) 4.4(16) INDEX TO EXHIBITS Exhibit Description Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Clovis Oncology, Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws of Clovis Oncology, Inc. Form of Common Stock Certificate of Clovis Oncology, Inc. Indenture, dated as of September 9, 2014, by and between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. Indenture dated as of April 19, 2018, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee. First Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 19, 2018, but and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. 10.1*(4) License Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2011, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Pfizer Inc. 10.2+(1) Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. 10.3+(4) Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. 10.4+(1) Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement. 10.5+(4) Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement. 10.6+(3) Employment Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2011, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Patrick J. Mahaffy. 10.7+(3) Employment Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2011, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Gillian C. Ivers-Read. 10.8+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Paul Klingenstein. 10.9+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and James C. Blair. 10.10+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Edward J. McKinley. 10.11+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Thorlef Spickschen. 10.12+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and M. James Barrett. 10.13+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Brian G. Atwood. 10.14+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Patrick J. Mahaffy. 10.15+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Erle T. Mast. 81 Table of Contents Exhibit Number 10.16+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Gillian C. Ivers-Read. Exhibit Description 10.17+(1) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2009, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Andrew R. Allen. 10.18+(17) Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended. 10.19+(4) Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Cash Bonus Plan. 10.20+(6) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of March 22, 2012, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Steven L. Hoerter. 10.21+(2) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2013, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Ginger L. Graham. 10.22+(2) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2013, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Keith Flaherty. 10.23(7) Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2013, by and among the Company, EOS, the Sellers listed on Exhibit A thereto and Sofinnova Capital V FCPR, acting in its capacity as the Sellers’ Representative. 10.24*(7) Development and Commercialization Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2008, by and between Advenchen Laboratories LLC and Ethical Oncology Science S.p.A., as amended by the First Amendment, dated as of April 13, 2010 and the Second Amendment, dated as of July 30, 2012. 10.25+(12) Indemnification Agreement, effective as of August 3, 2015, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Lindsey Rolfe. 10.26+ Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2019, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Clovis Oncology UK Limited and Lindsey Rolfe. 10.27+(12) Indemnification Agreement, effective as of February 1, 2016, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Dale Hooks. 10.28+(12) Employment Agreement, effective as of February 1, 2016, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Dale Hooks. 10.29+(9) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2016, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Daniel W. Muehl. 10.30+(15) Employment Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2017, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Daniel W. Muehl. 10.31+(10) Salary Waiver Letter, dated as of May 9, 2016, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Patrick J. Mahaffy. 10.32*(11) First Amendment to License Agreement, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Pfizer Inc., dated as of August 30, 2016. 10.33+(13) Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan RSU Agreement. 10.34*(13) Manufacturing Services Agreement, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Lonza Ltd, dated as of October 3, 2016. 82 Table of Contents Exhibit Number 10.35*(14) Exhibit Description Strata Trial Collaboration Agreement, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Strata Oncology, Inc., dated as of January 30, 2017. 10.36+(18) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of October 11, 2018, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Robert W. Azelby. 10.37+(18) Indemnification Agreement, dated as of October 11, 2018, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Richard A. Fair. 10.38+ Employment Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2017, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Paul Gross. 10.39+ Indemnification Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2016, between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Paul Gross. 21.1(17) List of Subsidiaries of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on June 23, 2011. (2) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on June 14, 2013. (3) Filed as an exhibit with Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on (4) Filed as an exhibit with Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on August 31, 2011. October 31, 2011. (5) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on March 15, 2012. (6) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-180293) on March 23, 2012. (7) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on November 19, 2013. (8) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on September 9, 2014. (9) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on April 1, 2016. (10) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 9, 2016. (11) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on November 4, 2016. 83 Table of Contents (12) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 29, 2016. (13) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 23, 2017. (14) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 4, 2017. (15) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on July 7, 2017. (16) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on April 19, 2018. (17) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on August 2, 2018. (18) Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on October 12, 2018. + Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. * Confidential treatment has been sought or granted with respect to portions of this exhibit, which portions have been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Date: February 27, 2019 CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. By: /S/ PATRICK J. MAHAFFY Patrick J. Mahaffy President and Chief Executive Officer; Director Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Name Title /S/ PATRICK J. MAHAFFY Patrick J. Mahaffy /S/ DANIEL W. MUEHL Daniel W. Muehl /S/ BRIAN G. ATWOOD Brian G. Atwood /S/ ROBERT W. AZELBY Robert W. Azelby /S/ M. JAMES BARRETT M. James Barrett /S/ JAMES C. BLAIR James C. Blair /S/ RICHARD A. FAIR Richard A. Fair /S/ KEITH FLAHERTY Keith Flaherty President and Chief Executive Officer; Director (Principal Executive Officer) Executive Vice President of Finance (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) Director Director Director Director Director Director 84 Date February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 Table of Contents Name /S/ GINGER L. GRAHAM Ginger L. Graham /S/ PAUL KLINGENSTEIN Paul Klingenstein /S/ EDWARD J. MCKINLEY Edward J. McKinley /S/ THORLEF SPICKSCHEN Thorlef Spickschen Date February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 February 27, 2019 Title Director Director Director Director 85 Table of Contents INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-1 F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Stockholders and Board of Directors of Clovis Oncology, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Clovis Oncology, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 27, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for revenue recognition in the December 31, 2018 consolidated financial statements due to the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers . Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2009. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Denver, Colorado February 27, 2019 F-2 Table of Contents CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss Revenues: Product revenue Operating expenses: Cost of sales - product Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization Research and development Selling, general and administrative Acquired in-process research and development Impairment of intangible asset Change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration Total expenses Operating loss Other income (expense): Interest expense Foreign currency loss Legal settlement loss SEC settlement costs Other income Other expense, net Loss before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net loss Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax Other comprehensive (loss) income: Comprehensive loss Loss per basic and diluted common share: Basic and diluted net loss per common share Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Year ended December 31, 2018 2016 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts) $ 95,388 $ 55,511 $ 78 19,444 2,630 231,347 175,781 — — — 429,202 (333,814) (13,183) (346) (7,975) (20,000) 7,917 (33,587) (367,401) (608) (368,009) (2,543) 82 (2,461) (370,470) (7.07) 52,066 10,251 1,486 142,498 138,907 — — — 293,142 (237,631) (10,428) (82) (105,477) — 3,643 (112,344) (349,975) 3,578 (346,397) 5,517 (110) 5,407 (340,990) (7.36) 47,047 $ $ $ $ $ $ 70 — 251,129 40,731 1,300 104,517 (24,936) 372,811 (372,733) (8,491) (580) — — 633 (8,438) (381,171) 32,034 (349,137) (357) 237 (120) (349,257) (9.07) 38,478 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-3 Table of Contents CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. Consolidated Balance Sheets ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventories Available-for-sale securities Prepaid research and development expenses Deposit on inventory Other current assets Total current assets Inventories Deposit on inventory Property and equipment, net Intangible assets, net Goodwill Other assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued research and development expenses Milestone liability Other accrued expenses Total current liabilities Convertible senior notes Other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 Common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017; 52,797,516 and 50,565,119 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated deficit Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities and stockholders' equity December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ $ $ 221,876 $ 12,889 27,072 298,270 3,579 — 8,613 572,299 113,908 12,350 26,524 51,930 63,074 23,475 863,560 $ 28,517 $ 29,676 — 67,556 125,749 575,470 15,872 717,091 464,198 6,181 27,508 99,533 1,559 20,461 7,500 626,940 — — 4,007 19,561 65,217 19,505 735,230 15,147 18,465 22,022 25,883 81,517 282,406 3,671 367,594 — — 53 2,034,142 (44,634) (1,843,092) 146,469 863,560 $ 51 1,887,198 (42,173) (1,477,440) 367,636 735,230 $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-4 Table of Contents CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Common Stock Shares Amount Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Accumulated Income (Loss) Deficit Total Balance at January 1,2016 Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan Exercise of stock options Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes Share-based compensation expense Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities Foreign currency translation adjustments Net loss Balance at December 31, 2016 Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan Exercise of stock options Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes Share-based compensation expense Legal settlement Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities Foreign currency translation adjustments Net loss Balance at December 31, 2017 Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan Exercise of stock options Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes Share-based compensation expense Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities Foreign currency translation adjustments Adoption of new revenue recognition standard Net loss Balance at December 31, 2018 38,359,454 $ 110,508 247,431 6,697 — — — — 38,724,090 9,670,454 51,681 465,658 180,912 — 1,472,324 — — — 50,565,119 1,837,898 82,820 72,886 238,793 — — — — — 52,797,516 $ (in thousands, except for share amounts) 38 $ 1,129,978 $ (47,460) $ (781,906) $ 300,650 — 1 — — — — — 39 10 — 1 — — 1 — — — 51 2 — — — — — — 1,965 3,268 (57) 39,796 — — — — — — — — — — — 1,174,950 237 (357) — (47,580) — — (349,137) (1,131,043) 545,828 2,312 13,924 — 44,707 105,477 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,887,198 (110) 5,517 — (42,173) — — (346,397) (1,477,440) 93,888 2,097 1,869 — 49,090 — — — — — — — 82 (2,543) — — — — — — — 1,965 3,269 (57) 39,796 237 (357) (349,137) (3,634) 545,838 2,312 13,925 — 44,707 105,478 (110) 5,517 (346,397) 367,636 93,890 2,097 1,869 — 49,090 82 (2,543) — — 53 $ 2,034,142 $ — — — — 2,357 (368,009) (44,634) $ (1,843,092) $ 2,357 (368,009) 146,469 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-5 Table of Contents CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Operating activities Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Share-based compensation expense Depreciation and amortization Amortization of premiums and discounts on available-for-sale securities Amortization of debt issuance costs Legal settlement loss Impairment of intangible asset Change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration Loss on disposal of property and equipment Deferred income taxes Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Inventory Prepaid and accrued research and development expenses Deposit on inventory Other operating assets Accounts payable Other accrued expenses Net cash used in operating activities Investing activities Purchases of property and equipment Proceeds from sale of property and equipment Deposits for purchases of property and equipment Purchases of available-for-sale securities Sales of available-for-sale securities Acquired in-process research and development - milestone payment Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities Proceeds from the sale of common stock, net of issuance costs Proceeds from the issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchases Payments on capital leases Payments on other long-term liabilities Net cash provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at end of period Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for interest Non-cash investing and financing activities: 2018 Year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands) 2016 $ (368,009) $ (346,397) $ (349,137) 49,090 4,601 1,345 2,178 — — — — — (3,371) (49,936) 9,145 (12,350) (8,750) 5,770 4,290 (365,997) (9,242) — — (500,000) 300,000 (55,000) (264,242) 44,707 2,504 354 1,279 105,477 — — — (3,218) (6,061) (27,508) (17,297) (20,461) (6,476) 5,637 6,556 (260,904) (487) — (2,515) (263,500) 213,500 (1,100) (54,102) 39,796 1,141 211 1,242 — 104,517 (24,661) 105 (31,771) (121) — (15,364) — 1,039 (1,544) 7,867 (266,680) (766) 65 — — 200,000 — 199,299 — 545,838 93,890 — — 290,887 5,176 16,237 3,967 — — (245) — — (35) 5,176 562,075 388,464 (365) 943 (547) (62,570) 248,012 (242,322) 464,198 278,756 216,186 $ 221,876 $ 464,198 $ 216,186 $ 9,188 $ 7,188 $ 7,188 Acquired in-process research and development - milestone not paid as of period end Vesting of restricted stock units Equipment acquired under capital lease $ $ $ — $ 10,808 $ 9,971 $ — $ 12,170 $ — $ 21,100 175 — See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-6 Table of Contents 1. Nature of Business CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, the EU and additional international markets. We target our development programs for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations, and simultaneously develop, with partners, for those indications that require them, diagnostic tools intended to direct a compound in development to the population that is most likely to benefit from its use. Our product Rubraca® (rucaparib), an oral small molecule inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (“PARP”), is marketed in the United States for two indications specific to recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. The initial indication received approval from the FDA in December 2016 and covers the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA (human genes associated with the repair of damaged DNA) mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. In April 2018, the FDA also approved Rubraca for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The approval in this second, broader and earlier-line indication on a priority review timeline was based on positive data from the phase 3 ARIEL3 clinical trial. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication. We hold worldwide rights to Rubraca. In May 2018, the European Commission granted a conditional marketing authorization for Rubraca as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with two or more prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy. As this is a conditional approval, it will be necessary to complete certain confirmatory post marketing commitments. In January 2019, the European Commission granted a variation to the marketing authorization to include the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. With this approval, Rubraca is now authorized in the EU for certain patients in the recurrent ovarian cancer maintenance setting regardless of their BRCA mutation status. Rubraca was the first PARP inhibitor licensed for an ovarian cancer treatment indication in the EU and is now the first to be authorized for both treatment and maintenance treatment among eligible patients. We are planning our initial launch of Rubraca as maintenance therapy in Germany during the first quarter of 2019, with other EU countries to follow through 2019 and 2020. Liquidity We have incurred significant net losses since inception and have relied on our ability to fund our operations through debt and equity financings. We expect operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future. As we continue to incur losses, transition to profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenue from Rubraca adequate to support our cost structure. We may never achieve profitability, and unless and until we do, we will continue to need to raise additional cash. In April 2018, we sold 1,837,898 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $54.41 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were $93.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Concurrently, we completed the public offering of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025. The net proceeds from this offering were $290.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. In January 2017, we sold 5,750,000 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $41.00 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were $221.2 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. In June 2017, we sold 3,920,454 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $88.00 per share. The net F-7 Table of Contents proceeds from the offering were $324.6 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds of the offerings for general corporate purposes, including sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca in the United States and the EU, funding of our development programs, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital. Based on current estimates, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities will allow us to fund our operating plan through at least the next 12 months. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and revenue and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including estimates related to revenue deductions, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals and share-based compensation expense. We base our estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions. Revenue Recognition We are currently approved to sell Rubraca in the United States and the EU markets. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and health care providers. Separately, we have arrangements with certain payors and other third-parties that provide for government-mandated and privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts. See Note 3, Revenue Recognition . Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606, the new revenue recognition standard, using the modified retrospective method. For a complete discussion of this adoption and the accounting for product revenue, see the Recently Adopted Accounting Standards . Cost of Sales – Product Product cost of sales consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs as well as freight and royalties owed to our licensing partners for Rubraca sales. Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization Cost of sales for intangible asset amortization consists of the amortization of capitalized milestone payments made to our licensing partners upon FDA approval of Rubraca. Milestone payments are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Cash, cash equivalents, available-for-sale securities and contingent purchase consideration are carried at fair value. Financial instruments, including other current assets and accounts payable, are carried at cost, which approximates fair value given their short-term nature (see Note 5, Fair Value Measurements ). F-8 Table of Contents Cash, Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include bank demand deposits and money market funds that invest primarily in certificate of deposits, commercial paper and U.S. government and U.S. government agency obligations. Marketable securities are considered to be available-for-sale securities and consist of U.S. treasury securities. Available-for- sale securities are reported at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses, amortization of premiums and discounts and interest and dividends earned are included in other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The cost of investments for purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses is based on the specific identification method. Investments with maturities beyond one year are classified as short-term based on our intent to fund current operations with these securities or to make them available for current operations. A decline in the market value of a security below its cost that is deemed to be other than temporary is charged to earnings and results in the establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Factors evaluated to determine if an investment is other-than- temporarily impaired include significant deterioration in earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality or business prospects of the issuer; adverse changes in the general market conditions in which the issuer operates; and our intent and ability to hold the security until an anticipated recovery in value occurs. Accounts Receivable As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had no allowance for doubtful accounts. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts based on experience and specifically identified risks. Accounts receivable are carried at fair value and charged off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when we determine that recovery is unlikely and we cease collection efforts. Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. Inventories include active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”), contract manufacturing costs and overhead allocations. We began capitalizing incurred inventory related costs upon the regulatory approval of Rubraca. Prior to the regulatory approval of Rubraca, we incurred costs for the manufacture of the drug that could potentially be available to support the commercial launch of Rubraca and all such costs were recognized as research and development expense. We regularly analyze our inventory levels for excess quantities and obsolescence (expiration), taking into account factors such as historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the remaining shelf-life of Rubraca. Rubraca finished goods have a shelf-life of four years from the date of manufacture. We expect to sell the finished goods prior to expiration. The API currently has a shelf-life of four years from the date of manufacture but can be retested at an immaterial cost with no expected reduction in potency, thereby extending its shelf-life as needed. We expect to consume substantially all of the API over a period of approximately eight years based on our long-range sales projections of Rubraca. We write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value and/or inventory in excess of expected sales requirements. Expired inventory would be disposed of and the related costs would be written off as cost of product revenue. Inventories that are not expected to be consumed within 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as long-term inventories. Long-term inventories primarily consist of API. API is currently produced by a single supplier. As the API has undergone significant manufacturing specific to its intended purpose at the point it is purchased by us, we classify the API as work-in-process inventory. In addition, we currently manufacture Rubraca finished goods with a single third-party manufacturer. The disruption or termination of the supply of API or the disruption or termination of the manufacturing of our commercial products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. F-9 Table of Contents Inventory used in clinical trials is expensed as research and development expense when it has been identified for such use. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Equipment purchased for use in manufacturing and clinical trials is evaluated to determine whether the equipment is solely beneficial for a drug candidate in the development stage or whether it has an alternative use. Equipment with an alternative use is capitalized. Leased assets meeting certain capital lease criteria are capitalized and the present value of the related lease payments is recorded as a liability. Assets under capital lease arrangements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the economic life of the asset or the lease term, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The estimated useful lives of our capitalized assets are as follows: Computer hardware and software Leasehold improvements Laboratory, manufacturing and office equipment Furniture and fixtures Long-Lived Assets Estimated Useful Life 3 to 5 years 6 years 5 to 7 years 10 years We review long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the assets’ book value to future net undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate. If the carrying value of the assets exceed their future net undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Intangible Assets, Net Definite-lived intangible assets related to capitalized milestones under license agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over their remaining useful lives, which are estimated to be the remaining patent life. If our estimate of the product’s useful life is shorter than the remaining patent life, then a shorter period is used. Amortization expense is recorded as a component of cost of sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Intangible acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) assets were established as part of the acquisition of Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) in November 2013 and were not amortized. Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Events that could result in an impairment, or trigger an interim impairment assessment, include the decision to discontinue the development of a drug, the receipt of additional clinical or nonclinical data regarding our drug candidate or a potentially competitive drug candidate, changes in the clinical development program for a drug candidate, or new information regarding potential sales for the drug. In connection with any impairment assessment, the fair value of the intangible assets as of the date of assessment is compared to the carrying value of the intangible asset. Impairment losses are recognized if the carrying value of an intangible asset is both not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. During the second quarter of 2016, we recorded a $104.5 million impairment charge to the IPR&D intangible assets, reducing the remaining carrying value to zero (see Note 8, Intangible Assets and Goodwill ). Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and is not amortized, but is subject to impairment testing at least annually in the fourth quarter or when a triggering event is identified that could indicate a potential impairment. We are organized as a single reporting unit and perform impairment testing by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit to the fair value of the Company. Goodwill was recorded as a result of the EOS acquisition. F-10 Table of Contents Other Current Assets Other current assets are comprised of the following (in thousands): Prepaid insurance Prepaid advertising Prepaid expenses - other Receivable - other Other Total Other Accrued Expenses Other accrued expenses are comprised of the following (in thousands): Accrued personnel costs Accrued interest payable Income tax payable Accrued corporate legal fees and professional services Accrued royalties Accrued variable considerations Payable to third party logistics provider Current portion of capital lease obligations Purchase of API received not yet invoiced Accrued expenses - other Total December 31, December 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 244 $ 1,620 3,519 2,274 956 8,613 $ 1,926 — 3,355 2,023 196 7,500 December 31, December 31, 2018 15,265 $ 2,721 847 677 4,854 2,183 — 1,031 35,472 4,506 67,556 $ 2017 13,889 2,096 — 415 2,984 1,008 2,661 — — 2,830 25,883 $ $ Valuation of Contingent Consideration Resulting from a Business Combination Subsequent to the acquisition date, we re-measure contingent consideration arrangements at fair value each reporting period and record changes in fair value to change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration and foreign currency gains (losses) for changes in the foreign currency translation rate on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Changes in fair value are primarily attributed to new information about the IPR&D assets, including changes in timeline and likelihood of success, and the passage of time. In the absence of new information, changes in fair value reflect only the passage of time. During the second quarter of 2016, we recorded a $25.5 million reduction in the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liability due to our and our development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. At December 31, 2018, the contingent purchase consideration liability recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets remained at zero due to the uncertainty of achieving any of the lucitanib regulatory milestones, and therefore the remote likelihood of future milestone payouts. Research and Development Expense Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and include, but are not limited to, salary and benefits, share-based compensation, clinical trial activities, drug development and manufacturing, companion diagnostic development and third-party service fees, including contract research organizations and investigative sites. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors on their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred and are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as prepaid or accrued research and development expenses. F-11 Table of Contents Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expense We have acquired and expect to continue to acquire the rights to develop and commercialize new drug candidates. The upfront payments to acquire a new drug compound, as well as subsequent milestone payments, are immediately expensed as acquired in- process research and development provided that the drug has not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such approval, has no alternative future use. Once regulatory approval is received, payments to acquire rights, and the related milestone payments, are capitalized and the amortization of such assets recorded to product cost of sales. Share-Based Compensation Expense Share-based compensation is recognized as expense for all share-based awards made to employees and directors and is based on estimated fair values. We determine equity-based compensation at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Any changes to the estimated forfeiture rates are accounted for prospectively. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities. We maintain our cash and cash equivalent balances in the form of money market accounts with financial institutions that we believe are creditworthy. Available-for-sale securities are invested in accordance with our investment policy. The investment policy includes guidelines on the quality of the institutions and financial instruments and defines allowable investments that we believe minimizes the exposure to concentration of credit risk. We have no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of accounting loss. Foreign Currency The assets and liabilities of our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates and the results of operations are translated at the average exchange rates for the reported periods. The resulting translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. Transaction gains and losses are recorded to foreign currency gains (losses) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately 6% and 1%, respectively, of our total liabilities were denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Tax benefits are recognized when it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained during an audit. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if current evidence indicates that it is considered more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, and has subsequently issued several supplemental and/or clarifying ASUs (collectively, “ASC 606”). ASC 606 prescribes a single common revenue standard that replaces most existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance. ASC 606 is intended to provide a more consistent interpretation and application of the principles outlined in the standard across filers in multiple industries and within the same industries compared to current practices, which should improve comparability. We adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2018 for contracts that are not completed as of the adoption date. Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the entity F-12 Table of Contents performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. ASC 606 also impacts certain other areas, such as the accounting for costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The standard also requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We examined our revenue recognition policy specific to revenue streams from contracts governing product sales from Rubraca and have come to conclusions on the impact of the new standard using the 5-step process prescribed by ASC 606. We reviewed all of our contracts, including our collaboration agreements with Servier and Bristol-Myers Squibb, and determined the potential impact to our accounting policies, financial controls and operations. Our conclusions include recognizing revenue on product sales once the product is sold to the specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers. As noted above, we used the modified retrospective method to adopt the new standard. This means that we did not restate previously issued financial statements, but we recorded a one-time adjustment to retained earnings of $2.4 million. This adjustment represents the sales of our product to our customers prior to January 1, 2018, that had not been sold to patients or healthcare providers, offset by related gross-to-net adjustments and other direct costs, including royalties and sales incentive compensation. The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 606 was as follows (in thousands): ASSETS Accounts receivable, net Inventories Total assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Other accrued expenses Accumulated deficit Total liabilities and stockholders' equity Balance at December 31, 2017 Adjustments due to Adoption of ASC 606 Balance at January 1, 2018 $ $ $ 6,181 $ 27,508 735,230 $ 3,336 $ (62) $ 3,274 $ 9,517 27,446 738,504 25,883 $ $ $(1,477,440) $ 735,230 $ 917 $ 26,800 2,357 $(1,475,083) 738,504 3,274 $ Previously, we recognized revenue on product sales once the product was sold to the patient or healthcare provider by the specialty distributor or specialty pharmacy provider, i.e. when product is sold through the channel. Effective January 1, 2018, we began recognizing revenue when our customers, the specialty distributors and specialty pharmacy providers, take control of our product or when product is sold into the channel. This will have the impact of us recognizing revenue approximately two to four weeks earlier than before adopting the new standard and will also increase the significance of estimating variable consideration. The following financial statement line items for the year ended December 31, 2018 were affected as a result of the adoption. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (In thousands, except for per share amounts) Year ended December 31, 2018 Product revenue Cost of sales - product Selling, general and administrative Net loss As reported $ 95,388 $ $ 19,444 $ $ 175,781 $ $ (368,009) $ 93,080 $ 18,570 $ 175,695 $ (368,176) $ Higher/(Lower) 2,308 (874) (86) 167 Balances without Adoption of ASC 606 Effect of Change Loss per basic and diluted common share: Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (7.07) $ (7.07) $ 0.00 F-13 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (In thousands) ASSETS Accounts receivable, net Inventories December 31, 2018 Balances without Adoption of ASC 606 Effect of Change As reported Higher/(Lower) $ $ 12,889 $ 140,980 $ 10,364 $ 141,492 $ 2,525 (512) LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Other accrued expenses Accumulated deficit $ 66,892 $ $(1,843,092) $ (1,843,259) $ 67,556 $ 664 167 ASC 606 did not have an aggregate impact on our net cash provided by operating activities but resulted in offsetting changes in certain assets and liabilities presented within net cash used in operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows, as reflected in the above tables. Recently Issued Accounting Standards From time to time, the FASB or other standards setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements. Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) are communicated through issuance of an ASU. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by most leases on their balance sheet. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU 2016-02 requires modified retrospective adoption for all leases existing at, or entered after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. We adopted ASU 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method which leaves the comparative period reporting unchanged. Comparative reporting periods are presented in accordance with Topic 840, while periods subsequent to the effective date are presented in accordance with Topic 842. We have elected to adopt the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components. We have also elected to adopt the package practical expedient which allows us: 1) to not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, 2) to not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and 3) to not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. We elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of 12 months or less. For these short-term leases, we will recognize the lease payments in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term and the variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. We have determined our population of leases. We expect to recognize substantially all our leases on the balance sheet by recording a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”, which allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate on the gross deferred tax amounts at the date of enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”). The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted ASU 2018-02 as of January 1, 2019. The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-02 and of the various changes in tax law as a result of the 2017 Tax Act are described in Note 15, Income Taxes . In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting”, simplifies the accounting for share-based payment granted to nonemployees for goods and services. Under the standard, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted ASU 2018-07 as of January 1, 2019. There is no material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. F-14 Table of Contents In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt ASU 2018-02 as of January 1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact the standard may have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 3. Revenue Recognition We are currently approved to sell Rubraca in the United States and the EU markets. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and health care providers. We do not believe the loss of one of these customers would significantly impact the ability to distribute our product as we expect that sales volume would be absorbed evenly by the remaining customers. Separately, we have arrangements with certain payors and other third parties that provide for government- mandated and privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts. Product Revenue Revenue from product sales are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is when customers obtain control of our product at a point in time, typically upon delivery. We expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that we would have recognized is one year or less. Reserves for Variable Consideration Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and which result from price concessions that include rebates, chargebacks, discounts, co-pay assistance, estimated product returns and other allowances that are offered within contracts between us and our customers, health care providers, payors and other indirect customers relating to the sales of our product. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable (if the amount is payable to the customers) or a current liability (if the amount is payable to a party other than a customer). Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, we adjust these estimates, which would affect product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known. Rebates . Rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and the Medicare coverage gap program. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of products to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with the public-sector benefit providers. These reserves are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet. We estimate our Medicaid and Medicare rebates based upon a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for the estimated payor mix. The accrual for rebates is based on statutory discount rates and known sales to specialty pharmacy patients or expected utilization for specialty distributor sales to healthcare providers. As we gain more historical experience, the accrual will be based solely on the expected utilization from historical data we have accumulated since the Rubraca product launch. Rebates are generally invoiced and paid quarterly in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity, plus an accrual balance for known or estimated prior quarters’ unpaid rebates. F-15 Table of Contents Chargebacks . Chargebacks are discounts that occur when contracted customers, which currently consist primarily of group purchasing organizations, Public Health Service organizations and federal government entities purchasing via the Federal Supply Schedule, purchase directly from our specialty distributors at a discounted price. The specialty distributor, in turn, charges back the difference between the price initially paid by the specialty distributor and the discounted price paid to the specialty distributor by the healthcare provider. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and accounts receivable. The accrual for specialty distributor chargebacks is estimated based on known chargeback rates and known sales to specialty distributors adjusted for the estimated utilization by healthcare providers. Discounts and Fees . Our payment terms are generally 30 days. Specialty distributors and specialty pharmacies are offered various forms of consideration, including service fees and prompt pay discounts for payment within a specified period. We expect these customers will earn prompt pay discounts and therefore, we deduct the full amount of these discounts and service fees from product sales when revenue is recognized. Co-pay assistance . Patients who have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-pay assistance. The intent of this program is to reduce the patient’s out of pocket costs. Liabilities for co-pay assistance are based on actual program participation provided by third-party administrators at month end. Returns . Consistent with industry practice, we generally offer customers a right of return limited only to product that will expire in six months or product that is six months beyond the expiration date. To date, we have had minimal product returns and we currently do not have an accrual for product returns. We will continue to assess our estimate for product returns as we gain additional historical experience. For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $95.4 million and $55.5 million, respectively, of product revenue. Based on our policy to expense costs associated with the manufacture of our products prior to regulatory approval, certain of the costs of Rubraca units recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2017 were expensed prior to the December 19, 2016 FDA approval, and a minimal amount was included in cost of sales during the year ended December 31, 2017. The majority of product sales were of pre-commercialization inventory in 2017. Cost of sales has increased in 2018 in relation to product revenue as we depleted these inventories. Product revenue from each of our customers who individually accounted for 10% or more of total revenues consisted of the following: Customer A Customer B Customer C Customer D 4. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2018 31% 24% 13% 12% December 31, 2017 35% 27% 12% 10% December 31, Laboratory, manufacturing and office equipment Leasehold improvements Leased equipment at Lonza Furniture and fixtures Computer hardware and software Total property and equipment Less: accumulated depreciation Total property and equipment, net 2018 2,913 $ $ 15,204 9,971 2,424 1,329 31,841 (5,317) $ 26,524 $ F-16 2017 2,853 2,285 — 1,416 1,141 7,695 (3,688) 4,007 Table of Contents Depreciation expense related to property and equipment, including depreciation of assets acquired through capital leases, was approximately $2.0 million, $ 1.0 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 5. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (at exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include: Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our Level 1 assets consist of money market investments. We do not have Level 1 liabilities. Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Our Level 2 assets consist of U.S. treasury securities. We do not have Level 2 liabilities. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. We do not have Level 3 assets or liabilities. The contingent purchase consideration related to the undeveloped lucitanib product rights acquired with the purchase of EOS in November 2013 is a Level 3 liability. The fair value of this liability is based on unobservable inputs and includes valuations for which there is little, if any, market activity. During the second quarter of 2016, we recorded a $25.5 million reduction in the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liability due to our and our development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer, reducing the remaining fair value to zero. The fair value and carrying value remained at zero as of December 31, 2018. The change in the fair value of Level 3 instruments is included in change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration and foreign currency gains (losses) for changes in the foreign currency translation rate on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The following table identifies our assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands): Balance Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 December 31, 2018 Assets: Money market U.S. treasury securities Total assets at fair value December 31, 2017 Assets: Money market U.S. treasury securities Total assets at fair value $ 81,968 $ 308,251 $ 390,219 $ — $ — 81,968 $ 9,981 — 298,270 91,949 $ 298,270 $ — $ 433,136 $ 433,136 $ 99,533 — $ 532,669 $ 433,136 $ — $ — 99,533 — 99,533 $ — There were no liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018. There were no transfers between the Level 1 and Level 2 categories or into or out of the Level 3 category during the year ended December 31, 2018. Financial instruments not recorded at fair value include our convertible senior notes. At December 31, 2018, the carrying amount of the 2021 Notes was $283.7 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount net of remaining debt issuance costs, and the fair value was $241.5 million. At December 31, 2018, the carrying amount of the 2025 Notes was $291.8 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount net of remaining debt issuance costs, and the fair value was $212.3 million. The fair value was determined using Level 2 inputs based on the indicative pricing published by certain investment banks or trading levels of the convertible senior notes, which are not listed on any securities exchange or quoted on an inter-dealer automated quotation system. See Note 9, Convertible Senior Notes for F-17 Table of Contents discussion of the convertible senior notes. The carrying amounts of accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities. 6. Available-for-Sale Securities As of December 31, 2018, available-for-sale securities consisted of the following (in thousands): Gross Gross Aggregate U.S. treasury securities $ Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Gains Losses Cost 298,305 $ — $ (35) $ Fair Value 298,270 As of December 31, 2018, the fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months were as follows (in thousands): U.S. treasury securities $ Aggregate Fair Value 298,270 $ Gross Unrealized Losses (35) Our available-for-sale securities have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months. We have concluded that decline in the market value of the available-for-sale securities is temporary. A decline in the market value of a security below its cost that is deemed to be other than temporary is charged to earnings and results in the establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Factors evaluated to determine if an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired include significant deterioration in earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality or business prospects of the issuer; adverse changes in the general market conditions in which the issuer operates; and our intent and ability to hold the security until an anticipated recovery in value occurs. As of December 31, 2018, the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity were (in thousands): Due in one year or less Due in one year to two years Total 7. Inventories $ Amortized Cost 298,305 $ — 298,305 $ $ Fair Value 298,270 — 298,270 The following table presents inventories as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands): Work-in-process Finished goods Total inventories December 31, December 31, 2018 126,620 $ 14,360 140,980 $ 2017 24,721 2,787 27,508 $ $ Some of the costs related to our finished goods on-hand as of December 31, 2018 were expensed as incurred prior to the commercialization of Rubraca on December 19, 2016. At December 31, 2018, we had $27.1 million of current inventory and $113.9 million of long-term inventory. In addition, we had $12.4 million long-term deposit on inventory, which consists of API which we expect to be converted to finished goods and sold beyond the next twelve months. In addition, we had $0.0 million and $20.5 million of cash deposit on inventory on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, made to a manufacturer for the purchase of inventory which we expect to be converted to finished goods within the next twelve months. F-18 Table of Contents 8. Intangible Assets and Goodwill At December 31, 2018 and 2017, intangible assets related to capitalized milestones under license agreements consisted of the following (in thousands): Intangible asset - milestones Accumulated amortization Total intangible asset, net December 31, December 31, $ $ 2018 56,100 $ (4,170) 51,930 $ 2017 21,100 (1,539) 19,561 The increase in our intangible asset – milestones since December 31, 2017 is due to a $15.0 million milestone payment to Pfizer related to the April 6, 2018 FDA approval of our sNDA for Rubraca as maintenance treatment and a $20.0 million milestone payment to Pfizer related to the European Commission approval of Rubraca in May 2018. See Note 13, License Agreements for further discussion of these approvals. The estimated useful lives of these intangible assets are based on the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca and extend through 2031 in Europe and 2035 in the U.S. We recorded an amortization expense of $2.6 million and $1.5 million related to capitalized milestone payments during the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Amortization expense is included in cost of sales – intangible asset amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter $ 3,116 3,116 3,116 3,116 3,116 36,350 $ 51,930 The change in goodwill established as part of the purchase accounting of EOS in November 2013 consisted of the following (in thousands): Balance at December 31, 2017 Change in foreign currency gains and losses Balance at December 31, 2018 $ $ 65,217 (2,143) 63,074 Effective October 1, 2018, substantially all assets and activities related to EOS were transferred from our Italian subsidiary to the U.S. This had the impact of changing the functional currency of goodwill from the Euro to USD. Therefore, the balance of goodwill will no longer change due to foreign currency gains and losses. 9. Convertible Senior Notes 2021 Notes On September 9, 2014, we completed a private placement of $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”) resulting in net proceeds of $278.3 million after deducting offering expenses. In accordance with the accounting guidance, the conversion feature did not meet the criteria for bifurcation, and the entire principal amount was recorded as a long-term liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The 2021 Notes are governed by the terms of the indenture between the Company, as issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The 2021 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and bear interest at a F-19 Table of Contents rate of 2.5% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 2021 Notes will mature on September 15, 2021, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. Holders may convert all or any portion of the 2021 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon conversion, the holders will receive shares of our common stock at an initial conversion rate of 16.1616 shares per $1,000 in principal amount of 2021 Notes, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $61.88 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events described in the indenture. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or upon our issuance of a notice of redemption, we will increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert the 2021 Notes in connection with such a corporate event or during the related redemption period in certain circumstances. On or after September 15, 2018, we may redeem the 2021 Notes, at our option, in whole or in part, if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 150% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending not more than two trading days preceding the date on which we provide written notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2021 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2021 Notes. If we undergo a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture, prior to the maturity date of the 2021 Notes, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of the 2021 Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2021 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The 2021 Notes rank senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2021 Notes; equal in right of payment to all of our liabilities that are not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries. In connection with the issuance of the 2021 Notes, we incurred $9.2 million of debt issuance costs. The debt issuance costs are presented as a deduction from the convertible senior notes on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized as interest expense over the expected life of the 2021 Notes using the effective interest method. We determined the expected life of the debt was equal to the seven-year term of the 2021 Notes. 2025 Notes On April 19, 2018, we completed an underwritten public offering of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) resulting in net proceeds of $290.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. In accordance with the accounting guidance, the conversion feature did not meet the criteria for bifurcation, and the entire principal amount was recorded as a long-term liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The 2025 Notes are governed by the terms of the indenture between the Company, as issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, as supplemented by the terms of that certain first supplemental indenture thereto. The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 1.25% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year. The 2025 Notes will mature on May 1, 2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. Holders may convert all or any portion of the 2025 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon conversion, the holders will receive shares of our common stock at an initial conversion rate of 13.1278 shares per $1,000 in principal amount of 2025 Notes, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $76.17 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events described in the indenture. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or upon our issuance of a notice of redemption, we will increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert the 2025 Notes in connection with such a corporate event or during the related redemption period in certain circumstances. On or after May 2, 2022, we may redeem the 2025 Notes, at our option, in whole or in part, if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 150% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days F-20 Table of Contents (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending not more than two trading days preceding the date on which we provide written notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2025 Notes. If we undergo a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture, prior to the maturity date of the 2025 Notes, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of the 2025 Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The 2025 Notes rank senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2025 Notes; equal in right of payment to all of our liabilities that are not so subordinated, including the 2021 Notes; effectively junior in right of payment to any secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries. In connection with the issuance of the 2025 Notes, we incurred $9.1 million of debt issuance costs. The debt issuance costs are presented as a deduction from the convertible senior notes on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized as interest expense over the expected life of the 2025 Notes using the effective interest method. We determined the expected life of the debt was equal to the seven-year term of the 2025 Notes. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of unamortized debt issuance costs was $12.0 million and $5.1 million, respectively. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): Contractual interest expense Accretion of interest on milestone liability Amortization of debt issuance costs Interest on capital lease liability Total interest expense $ 2016 Year ended December 31, 2017 7,188 $ 7,187 62 1,961 1,242 1,279 — — $ 13,183 $ 10,428 $ 8,491 2018 9,812 $ 977 2,178 216 Future annual principal payments on our convertible senior notes as of December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total 10. Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock $ $ Total — — 287,500 — — 300,000 587,500 In January 2017, we sold 5,750,000 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $41.00 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were $221.2 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. In June 2017, we sold 3,920,454 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $88.00 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were $324.6 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. F-21 Table of Contents In April 2018, we sold 1,837,898 shares of our common stock in a public offering at $54.41 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were $93.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by our stockholders. Subject to the preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by our Board of Directors. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of changes in foreign currency translation adjustments, which includes changes in a subsidiary’s functional currency, and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities. The changes in accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are summarized as follows (in thousands): Balance at December 31, 2016 Other comprehensive income (loss) Total before tax Tax effect Balance at December 31, 2017 Other comprehensive income (loss) Total before tax Tax effect Balance at December 31, 2018 Foreign Currency Unrealized Total Accumulated Translation Adjustments (Losses) Gains Other Comprehensive Loss $ $ (47,434) $ 8,735 (38,699) (3,218) (41,917) (2,543) (44,460) — (44,460) $ (146) $ (110) (256) — (256) 82 (174) — (174) $ (47,580) 8,625 (38,955) (3,218) (42,173) (2,461) (44,634) — (44,634) The period change in each of the periods was primarily due to the foreign currency translation of the goodwill and deferred income taxes associated with the acquisition of EOS in November 2013. There were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Effective October 1, 2018, substantially all assets and activities related to EOS were transferred from our Italian subsidiary to the U.S. This had the impact of changing the functional currency of goodwill from the Euro to USD. Therefore, the balance of goodwill will no longer change due to foreign currency gains and losses. 11. Share-Based Compensation Stock Options In August 2011, our Board of Directors approved the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”), which became effective upon the closing of our initial public offering in November 2011. The 2011 Plan provides for the granting of incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards and other share- based awards to our employees, directors and consultants. Common shares authorized for issuance under the 2011 Plan were 11,693,909 at December 31, 2018, which represents the initial reserve of 1,250,000 shares of common stock plus 192,185 shares of common stock remaining for future grant from the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), which was terminated upon the closing of our initial public offering in November 2011, and 10,251,724 new shares authorized by the Board of Directors at the annual meetings of stockholders. Future forfeitures and cancellations of options previously granted under the 2009 Plan were transferred to and also available for grant under the 2011 Plan. Stock options granted vest ratably over either a one-year period or three-year period for Board of Director grants. Employee stock options generally vest over a four-year period with 25% of the options cliff-vesting after year one and the remaining options vesting ratably over each subsequent month. All stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant. F-22 Table of Contents Share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, was recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows (in thousands): Research and development Selling, general and administrative Total share-based compensation expense 2018 Year ended December 31, 2017 $ 20,489 $ 20,335 $ 27,558 28,601 12,238 24,372 $ 49,090 $ 44,707 $ 39,796 2016 We did not recognize a tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 as we maintain net operating loss carryforwards and have established a valuation allowance against the entire net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2018. The following table summarizes the activity relating to our options to purchase common stock: Outstanding at December 31, 2017 Granted Exercised Forfeited Outstanding at December 30, 2018 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018 Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2018 Number of Options 5,789,735 936,524 (72,761) (341,891) 6,311,607 6,088,389 4,463,278 Price $ 46.77 43.56 25.69 55.75 $ 46.05 $ 46.12 $ 45.99 6.3 6.2 5.3 $ $ $ 5,223 5,178 5,012 Weighted Average Weighted Average Remaining Exercise Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (Thousands) The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the pretax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $17.96 as of December 31, 2018, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders with in-the-money options exercised their options as of that date. The following table summarizes information about our stock options as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016: Year ended December 31, 2017 2016 2018 Weighted-average grant date fair value per share Intrinsic value of options exercised Cash received from stock option exercises 32.09 $ $ 16.62 $1,714,148 $18,986,726 $3,118,097 $1,869,155 $13,924,174 $3,267,721 48.79 $ As of December 31, 2018, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested options, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $55.8 million and the estimated weighted-average remaining vesting period was 2.3 years. The fair value of each share-based award is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based upon the weighted-average assumptions provided in the following table: Year ended December 31, Dividend yield Volatility (a) Risk-free interest rate (b) Expected term (years) (c) (a) Volatility : The expected volatility was estimated using our historical data. F-23 2018 — 88 % 2017 — 89 % 2016 — 93 % 2.92 % 2.16 % 1.77 % 5.8 5.9 5.8 Table of Contents (b) Risk-free interest rate: The rate is based on the yield on the grant date of a zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond whose maturity period approximates the option’s expected term. Expected term: The expected term of the award was estimated using our historical data. (c) The total fair value of stock options vested during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $43.3 million, $ 36.0 million and $40.8 million, respectively. Restricted Stock During 2016, we issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain employees under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. The RSUs vest either (i) over two years, with 50% vesting one year from the date of grant and the remaining 50% vesting two years from the date of grant or (ii) over four years, with 25% vesting one year from the date of grant and the remaining 75% vesting ratably each subsequent quarter over the following three years, as defined in the grant agreement. Vested RSUs are payable in shares of our common stock at the end of the vesting period. RSUs are measured based on the fair value of the underlying stock on the grant date. The minimum statutory tax on the value of common stock shares issued to employees upon vesting are paid by us through the sale of registered shares of our common stock. The following table summarizes the activity related to our unvested RSUs: Unvested at December 31, 2017 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested as of December 31, 2018 Expected to vest after December 31, 2018 Number of Units 589,529 $ 541,270 (238,886) (96,082) 795,831 $ 687,210 $ Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 41.67 51.29 40.44 48.75 47.73 47.88 As of December 31, 2018, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to RSUs, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $29.4 million and the estimated weighted-average remaining vesting period was 2.8 years Common Stock Reserved for Issuance As of December 31, 2018, we reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows: 2009 Equity Incentive Plan 2011 Stock Incentive Plan 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Total Employee Stock Purchase Plan Available for Grant Total Shares of Common Stock Outstanding 331,213 6,776,225 — 7,107,438 or Future Issuance Common Stock Reserved — 3,655,101 476,050 4,131,151 331,213 10,431,326 476,050 11,238,589 In August 2011, our Board of Directors approved the Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”). Each year, on the date of our annual meeting of stockholders and at the discretion of our board of directors, the amount of shares reserved for issuance under the Purchase Plan may be increased by up to the lesser of (1) a number of additional shares of our common stock representing 1% of our then-outstanding shares of common stock, (2) 344,828 shares of our common stock and (3) a lesser number of shares as approved by the Board. The Purchase Plan provides for consecutive six-month offering periods, during which participating employees may elect to have up to 10% of their compensation withheld and applied to the purchase of common stock at the end of each offering period. The purchase price of the common stock is 85% of the lower of the fair value of a share of common stock on the first trading date of each offering period or the fair value of a share of common stock on the last trading day of the offering period. The Purchase Plan will terminate on August 24, 2021, the tenth anniversary of the date of initial F-24 Table of Contents adoption of the Purchase Plan. We sold 82,820 and 51,681 shares to employees in 2018 and 2017, respectively. There were 476,050 shares available for sale under the Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2018. The weighted-average estimated grant date fair value of purchase awards under the Purchase Plan during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $15.93 and $23.08 per share, respectively. The total share-based compensation expense recorded as a result of the Purchase Plan was approximately $0.9 million, $ 1.0 million and $0.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The fair value of purchase awards granted to our employees during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based upon the weighted-average assumptions provided in the following table: Year ended December 31, Dividend yield Volatility (a) Risk-free interest rate (b) Expected term (years) (c) 2018 — 51 % 2017 — 79 % 2016 — 92 % 1.90 % 0.90 % 0.40 % 0.5 0.5 0.5 (a) Volatility : The expected volatility was estimated using our historical data. (b) Risk-free interest rate: The rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant with terms similar to the contractual term of the purchase right. (c) Expected term: The expected life of the award represents the six-month offering period for the Purchase Plan. 12. Commitments and Contingencies We lease office space in Boulder, Colorado, San Francisco, California, Oakland, California, Cambridge, UK, Milan, Italy and in several locations throughout the EU under non-cancelable operating lease agreements that expire through 2028. The lease agreements contain periodic rent increases that result in the recording deferred rent over the terms of certain leases. Rental expense under these leases was $5.4 million, $2.2 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We also have a capital lease for certain equipment at the dedicated production train at Lonza, our non-exclusive manufacturer of the Rubraca API. The long-term portion of this capital lease is included in Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See further discussion of this dedicated production train at Lonza in the Manufacture and Services Agreement Commitments below. Future minimum rental commitments at December 31, 2018, by fiscal year and in the aggregate, for our operating and capital leases are provided below (in thousands): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments Less: amounts representing interest Capital lease obligations at December 31, 2018 Less current portion of capital lease obligations Capital lease obligations, net of current portion F-25 Operating Lease Payments $ $ 5,006 4,577 4,664 2,603 2,159 9,491 28,500 Capital Lease Payments 1,736 1,736 1,736 1,736 1,736 3,473 12,153 (2,870) 9,283 (1,031) 8,252 $ $ Table of Contents Manufacture and Services Agreement Commitments On October 3, 2016, we entered into a Manufacturing and Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with a non-exclusive third- party supplier for the production of the active ingredient for Rubraca. Under the terms of the Agreement, we will provide the third-party supplier a rolling forecast for the supply of the active ingredient in Rubraca that will be updated by us on a quarterly basis. We are obligated to order material sufficient to satisfy an initial quantity specified in a forecast. In addition, the third-party supplier will construct, in its existing facility, a production train that will be exclusively dedicated to the manufacture of the Rubraca active ingredient. We are obligated to make scheduled capital program fee payments toward capital equipment and other costs associated with the construction of the dedicated production train. Further, once the facility is operational, we are obligated to pay a fixed facility fee each quarter for the duration of the Agreement, which expires on December 31, 2025, unless extended by mutual consent of the parties. As of December 31, 2018, $101.6 million of purchase commitments exist under the Agreement. At the time we entered into the Agreement, we evaluated the Agreement as a whole and bifurcated into lease and non-lease components, which consisted of an operating lease of warehouse space, capital lease of equipment, purchase of leasehold improvements and manufacturing costs based upon the relative fair values of each of the deliverables. During October 2018, the production train was placed into service and we recorded the various components of the Agreement. Legal Proceedings We and certain of our officers were named as defendants in several lawsuits, as described below. We cannot reasonably predict the outcome of these legal proceedings, nor can we estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that may result. An adverse outcome in these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. Rociletinib-Related Litigation Following Clovis’ regulatory announcement in November 2015 of adverse developments in its ongoing clinical trials for rociletinib, Clovis and certain of its current and former executives were named in various securities lawsuits, the largest of which was a putative class action lawsuit in the District of Colorado (the “Medina Action”) which was settled on October 26, 2017 (the “Medina Settlement”). The open actions currently pending against Clovis are discussed below. On November 10, 2016, Antipodean Domestic Partners (“Antipodean”) filed a complaint (the “Antipodean Complaint”) against Clovis and certain of its officers, directors and underwriters in New York Supreme Court, County of New York. The Antipodean Complaint alleges that the defendants violated certain sections of the Securities Act by making allegedly false statements to Antipodean and in the offering materials for the July 2015 Offering relating to the efficacy of rociletinib, its safety profile, and its prospects for market success. In addition to the Securities Act claims, the Antipodean Complaint also asserts Colorado state law claims and common law claims. Both the state law and common law claims are based on allegedly false and misleading statements regarding rociletinib’s progress toward FDA approval. The Antipodean Complaint seeks compensatory, recessionary, and punitive damages. On December 15, 2016, the Antipodean Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint (the “Antipodean Amended Complaint”) asserting substantially the same claims against the same defendants and purporting to correct certain details in the original Antipodean Complaint. Following a stay that Justice Masley of the New York Supreme Court, County of New York entered in favor of the Medina Action and briefing on defendants’ motions to dismiss, the parties participated in a Preliminary Conference on April 17, 2018, following which the Court entered a preliminary conference order, providing deadlines for document productions, depositions, and other discovery. The Court has scheduled a status conference for March 12, 2019, following which the Court anticipates setting an end date for discovery. On May 2, 2018, the Court issued an order denying the defendants’ motion to dismiss. Defendants filed an answer to the Antipodean Amended Complaint on June 6, 2018. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the Antipodean Amended Complaint. However, there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful. In March 2017, two putative shareholders of the Company, Macalinao and McKenry (the “Derivative Plaintiffs”), filed shareholder derivative complaints against certain directors and officers of the Company in the Court of Chancery of F-26 Table of Contents the State of Delaware. On May 4, 2017, the Macalinao and McKenry actions were consolidated for all purposes in a single proceeding under the caption In re Clovis Oncology, Inc. Derivative Litigation, Case No, 2017-0222 (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”). On May 18, 2017, the Derivative Plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Verified Shareholder Derivative Complaint (the “Consolidated Derivative Complaint”). The Consolidated Derivative Complaint generally alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to the Company by allegedly causing or allowing misrepresentations of the Company’s business operations and prospects, failing to ensure that the TIGER-X clinical trial was being conducted in accordance with applicable rules, regulations and protocols, and engaging in insider trading. The Consolidated Derivative Complaint purported to rely on documents produced by the Company in response to prior demands for inspection of the Company’s books and records served on the Company by each of Macalinao and McKenry under 8 Del. C. § 220. The Consolidated Derivative Complaint sought, among other things, an award of money damages. On July 31, 2017, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Complaint. Plaintiffs filed an opposition to the motion to dismiss on August 31, 2017, and the defendants filed a reply in further support of the motion to dismiss on September 26, 2017. On November 19, 2018, Plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file a supplemental consolidated complaint and on November 20, 2018 the Court granted that motion. On November 27, 2018, Plaintiffs filed their supplemental complaint (the “Supplemental Complaint”), and on January 3, 2019, the Court entered the following briefing schedule: the defendants’ opening supplemental brief in further support of the motion to dismiss is due on February 6, 2019; Plaintiffs’ answering supplemental brief in opposition is due on February 22, 2019; and the defendants’ reply supplemental brief is due on March 5, 2019. Oral argument on the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Complaint has been scheduled for March 14, 2019. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the Consolidated Derivative Complaint, but there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful. On March 20, 2017, a purported shareholder of the Company, filed a shareholder derivative complaint (the “Guo Complaint”) against certain officers and directors of the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The Guo Complaint generally alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to the Company by either recklessly or with gross negligence approving or permitting misrepresentations of the Company’s business operations and prospects. The Guo Complaint also alleged claims for waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment. Finally, the Guo Complaint alleged that certain of the individual defendants violated Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, by allegedly negligently issuing, causing to be issued, and participating in the issuance of materially misleading statements to stockholders in the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule DEF 14A in connection with the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, held on June 11, 2015. The Guo Complaint sought, among other things, an award of money damages. On June 19, 2017, the parties filed a joint motion to stay the Guo action pending resolution of the motion to dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Complaint. On June 20, 2017, the court granted the motion to stay. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the Guo Complaint, but there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful. As previously disclosed, the Company has received inquiries and requests for information from governmental agencies, including the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), relating to the Company’s regulatory update announcement in November 2015 that the FDA requested additional clinical data on the efficacy and safety of rociletinib. Earlier this year, the Company and Mr. Mahaffy engaged in discussions with the SEC staff to resolve this matter. On September 18, 2018, the SEC announced it had reached an agreement with the Company to settle this matter on negligence-based charges. Pursuant to the settlement, without admitting or denying the SEC’s allegations, the Company paid a $20.0 million civil penalty and stipulated to a standard injunction against future violations of those provisions of the federal securities laws. Also, on September 18, 2018, the SEC announced that Mr. Mahaffy also reached a settlement with the SEC on similar negligence-based allegations, to which he neither admits nor denies, and paid a civil penalty and will be similarly enjoined. Mr. Mahaffy will continue to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. F-27 Table of Contents The settlements do not allege that the Company or any of its current or former officers engaged in any intentional fraud or misconduct. The settlements were approved by the United States District Court for the District of Colorado on September 19, 2018 and resolve the SEC’s nearly three-year investigation into the regulatory approval process of rociletinib. On November 26, 2018, the DOJ informed the Company that it had closed its investigation regarding possible criminal violations as it relates to rociletinib. European Patent Opposition Two oppositions were filed in the granted European counterpart of the rucaparib camsylate salt/polymorph patent on June 20, 2017. The European Patent Office’s Opposition Division held an oral hearing on December 4, 2018, during which it upheld claims, narrowed from the originally granted patent, to certain crystalline forms of rucaparib camsylate, including, but not limited to, rucaparib S-camsylate Form A, the crystalline form in Rubraca. On February 4, 2019, the Opposition Division issued a written decision confirming its decision at the oral hearing. Clovis and/or either opponent have an opportunity to appeal the written decision of the European Opposition Division. Notices of appeal are due April 14, 2019 and appeal briefs are due June 14, 2019 . 13. License Agreements Rucaparib In June 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer to obtain the exclusive global rights to develop and commercialize Rubraca. The exclusive rights are exclusive even as to Pfizer and include the right to grant sublicenses. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made a $7.0 million upfront payment to Pfizer and are required to make additional payments to Pfizer for the achievement of certain development and regulatory and sales milestones and royalties on sales as required by the license agreement. Prior to the FDA approval of Rubraca, we made milestone payments of $1.4 million, which were recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense. On August 30, 2016, we entered into a first amendment to the worldwide license agreement with Pfizer, which amends the June 2011 existing worldwide license agreement to permit us to defer payment of the milestone payments payable upon (i) FDA approval of an NDA for 1 Indication in US and (ii) EMA approval of an MAA for 1 Indication in the EU, to a date that is 18 months after the date of achievement of such milestones. st st On December 19, 2016, Rubraca received its initial FDA approval. This approval resulted in a $0.75 million milestone payment to Pfizer as required by the license agreement, which was paid in the first quarter of 2017. This FDA approval also resulted in an obligation to pay a $20.0 million milestone payment, for which we exercised the option to defer payment by agreeing to pay $23.0 million within 18 months after the date of the FDA approval. We paid the $23.0 million milestone payment in June 2018. On April 6, 2018, Rubraca received a second FDA approval. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $15.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in April 2018. In May 2018, Rubraca received its initial European Commission marketing authorization. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $20.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in June 2018. In January 2019, Rubraca received a second European Commission approval. This approval resulted in an obligation to pay a $15.0 million milestone payment, which we paid in February 2019. These milestone payments were recognized as intangible assets and amortized over the estimated remaining useful life of Rubraca. We are obligated under the license agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize Rubraca and we are responsible for all ongoing development and commercialization costs for Rubraca. We are required to make regulatory milestone payments to Pfizer of up to an additional $16.75 million in aggregate if specified clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptances and approvals are achieved. In addition, we are obligated to make sales milestone payments to Pfizer if specified annual sales targets for Rubraca are met, which relate to annual sales F-28 Table of Contents targets of $250.0 million and above, which, in the aggregate, could amount to total milestone payments of $170.0 million, and tiered royalty payments at a mid-teen percentage rate on our net sales, with standard provisions for royalty offsets to the extent we need to obtain any rights from third parties to commercialize Rubraca. The license agreement with Pfizer will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty and sublicense revenue obligations to Pfizer, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the license agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Pfizer can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to Rubraca and an obligation to assign or license to Pfizer any intellectual property rights or other rights we may have in Rubraca, including our regulatory filings, regulatory approvals, patents and trademarks for Rubraca. In April 2012, we entered into a license agreement with AstraZeneca to acquire exclusive rights associated with Rubraca under a family of patents and patent applications that claim methods of treating patients with PARP inhibitors in certain indications. The license enables the development and commercialization of Rubraca for the uses claimed by these patents. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made an upfront payment of $0.25 million upon execution of the agreement. During the second quarter of 2016, we made a milestone payment of $0.3 million to AstraZeneca upon the NDA submission for Rubraca. These payments were recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense. The FDA approval of Rubraca on December 19, 2016 resulted in a final $0.35 million milestone payment to AstraZeneca as required by the license agreement. This payment was recognized as intangible assets and amortized over the estimated remaining useful life of Rubraca. AstraZeneca also receives royalties on net sales of Rubraca. Lucitanib In October 2008, Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) (now known as Clovis Oncology Italy S.r.l.) entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen Laboratories LLC (“Advenchen”) to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China. We are obligated to pay Advenchen tiered royalties at percentage rates in the mid-single digits on net sales of lucitanib, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, after giving effect to the first and second amendments to the license agreement, we are required to pay to Advenchen 25% of any consideration, excluding royalties, we receive from sublicensees, in lieu of the milestone obligations set forth in the agreement. We are obligated under the agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize at least one product containing lucitanib, and we are also responsible for all remaining development and commercialization costs for lucitanib. The license agreement with Advenchen will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty obligations to Advenchen, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Advenchen can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to lucitanib. In September 2012, EOS entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Les Laboratoires Servier and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (collectively, “Servier”), whereby EOS sublicensed to Servier exclusive rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib in all countries outside of the U.S., Japan and China. Following our acquisition of EOS, we and Servier were developing lucitanib pursuant to a development plan agreed to between the parties. During 2017, we completed the committed on-going development activities related to lucitanib and received full reimbursement of our development costs from Servier. Reimbursements are recorded as a reduction to research and development expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the second quarter of 2018, we received notice from Servier of its election to terminate the license agreement and return its rights to lucitanib to us. Such termination became effective in the fourth quarter of 2018. We are obligated to pay additional consideration to the former EOS shareholders if certain future regulatory and lucitanib- related sales milestones are achieved. The estimated fair value of these payments was recorded as contingent purchase consideration on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The potential contingent milestone payments range from a zero payment, which assumes lucitanib fails to achieve any of the regulatory milestones, to $196.5 million ($65.0 million and €115.0 million) if all regulatory and sales milestones are met, utilizing the translation rate at December 31, 2018. The estimated fair value of the liability was zero at December 31, 2018 due to the uncertainty of achieving any of the lucitanib regulatory milestones, and therefore the remote likelihood of future milestone payout amounts to the former EOS shareholders. F-29 Table of Contents Rociletinib In May 2010, we entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with Celgene to discover, develop and commercialize a covalent inhibitor of mutant forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (“EGFR”) gene product. Rociletinib, an oral mutant- selective inhibitor of EGFR, was identified as the lead inhibitor candidate under the license agreement. Following the termination of enrollment in all sponsored clinical studies of rociletinib, we provided notice of termination to Celgene of our license rights to rociletinib, an oral mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (“EGFR”), and that termination will become effective in the second quarter of 2019. Finally, pursuant to terms of each of our product license agreements, we will pay royalties to our licensors on sales, if any, of the respective products. 14. Net Loss Per Common Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding using the treasury-stock method for the stock options and RSUs and the if-converted method for the 2021 Notes and 2025 Notes. As a result of our net losses for the periods presented, all potentially dilutive common share equivalents were considered anti-dilutive and were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share. The shares outstanding at the end of the respective periods presented in the table below were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share due to their anti-dilutive effect (in thousands): Common shares under option Convertible senior notes Total potential dilutive shares 15. Income Taxes Year ended December 31, 2016 2018 2017 3,398 4,646 8,044 4,260 4,646 8,906 1,319 8,584 9,903 We are subject to U.S. federal, state and foreign income tax. The geographical components of income (loss) before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands): Domestic Foreign Total loss before income taxes 2018 Year ended December 31, 2017 $(368,402) $(351,338) $(277,776) (103,395) $(367,401) $(349,975) $(381,171) 1,001 1,363 2016 The income tax provision consists of the following current and deferred tax (benefit) expense amounts (in thousands): Current tax: U.S. Federal & State Foreign Total current expense (benefit) Deferred tax: U.S. Federal & State Foreign Total deferred (benefit) Total income tax expense (benefit) F-30 Year ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 $ 15 $ 593 608 — $ (360) (360) — 64 64 (3,218) — (3,218) — — (32,098) — — (32,098) 608 $ (3,578) $(32,034) $ Table of Contents A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to our effective tax rate is provided below: Year ended December 31, Federal income tax benefit at statutory rate State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit Tax credits Limitation on future foreign tax credits Change in uncertain tax positions SEC settlement costs Other Tax impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 Change in valuation allowance Effective income tax rate 2018 2016 2017 (21.0)% (34.0)% (34.0)% (3.2) (3.1) (1.2) (1.3) — — 0.2 0.1 — 1.1 (1.1) 1.2 46.4 — (8.1) 23.2 (1.0)% 0.2 % (3.6) (10.8) (5.9) 4.2 — 2.3 — 39.4 (8.4)% The significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands): Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforward Tax credit carryforwards Intangible assets Share-based compensation expense Foreign currency translation Product acquisition costs Accrued liabilities and other Total deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance Deferred tax liabilities: Prepaid expenses and fixed assets Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability December 31, 2018 2017 $ 351,730 $ 272,710 222,150 29,900 27,844 3,012 5,881 3,879 565,376 (564,122) 1,254 224,738 25,992 30,044 3,767 4,518 8,848 649,637 (647,891) 1,746 (1,746) (1,746) $ — $ (1,254) (1,254) — The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was enacted in the US on December 22, 2017. In accordance with the Act, we remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they were expected to reverse in the future, by recording a provisional amount of $162.2 million which was offset by a change in the valuation allowance with no net impact to tax expense. As of December 22, 2018, our accounting for the remeasurement of deferred tax balances was complete and there were no material changes to the amount previously recorded. The Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to tax on the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”)earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, “Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income”, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. We have elected to account for GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon a number of factors including future earnings, the timing and amount of which is uncertain. A valuation allowance was established for the net deferred tax asset balance due to management’s belief that the realization of these assets is not likely to occur in the foreseeable future. We recorded a net increase to the valuation allowance of $83.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to the growth in net operating losses during the year. The net decrease of $28.3 million recorded to our valuation allowance during the year ended December 31, 2017 was due primarily to the revaluation of our net deferred tax assets resulting from the reduction to the corporate federal tax rate to 21% offset by the growth in net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. In addition, the Company recognizes tax benefits if it is more likely than not to be sustained under audit by the relevant taxing authority based on technical merits. An uncertain tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a F-31 Table of Contents 50% likelihood of being sustained during audit. If the threshold is met, the tax benefit is measured and recognized at the largest amount above the greater than 50% likelihood threshold at time of settlement. The balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2018 of $24.8 million, if recognized, would not impact the Company’s effective tax rate as long as they remain subject to a full valuation allowance. The following table summarizes the gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): Balance at beginning of year Additions related to prior periods tax positions Additions related to current period tax positions Settlements with tax authorities Expiration of statute of limitations Balance at end of year Year ended December 31, 2017 2018 $ 24,512 $ 24,075 — (166) 437 429 — — — — $ 24,775 $ 24,512 As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $1.4 billion, $1.4 billion and $1.7 million of U.S. federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, respectively. The U.S. federal net operating losses, generated prior to the enactment of the Act, will expire from 2029 to 2037 if not utilized and the U.S state net operating losses will expire from 2024 to 2038 if not utilized. We have research and development and orphan drug tax credit carryforwards of $247.8 million that will expire from 2029 through 2038 if not utilized. We believe that a change in ownership as defined under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code occurred as a result of our public offering of common stock completed in April 2012. Future utilization of the federal net operating losses (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards accumulated from inception to the change in ownership date will be subject to annual limitations to offset future taxable income. It is possible that a change in ownership will occur in the future, which will limit the NOL amounts generated since the last estimated change of ownership. We are currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service for the 2015 tax year. As of the date of this report, no additional taxes have been assessed as the audit has not yet closed. Our federal and state income taxes for the period from inception to December 31, 2018 remain open to an audit. Our foreign subsidiaries are also subject to tax audits by tax authorities in the jurisdictions where they operate for the periods from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2018. We may be assessed interest and penalties related to the settlement of tax positions and such amounts will be recognized within income tax expense when assessed. To date, no interest and penalties have been recognized. 16. Employee Benefit Plans We maintain a retirement plan, which is qualified under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code for our U.S. employees. The plan allows eligible employees to defer, at the employee’s discretion, pretax compensation up to the IRS annual limits. We matched contributions up to 4% of the eligible employee’s compensation or the maximum amount permitted by law. Total expense for contributions made to U.S. employees was approximately $2.0 million, $1.9 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our international employees participate in retirement plans or postretirement life insurance plans governed by the local laws in effect for the country in which they reside. We made contributions to the retirement plans or postretirement life insurance plans of international employees of approximately $0.9 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 respectively. F-32 Table of Contents 17. Quarterly Information (Unaudited) The results of operations on a quarterly basis for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands): March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 Revenues: Product revenue Operating expenses: ` $ Cost of sales - product Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization Research and development Selling, general and administrative Total expenses Operating loss Other income (expense): Interest expense Foreign currency (loss) gain Legal settlement loss SEC settlement costs Other income Other income (expense), net Loss before income taxes Income tax benefit (expense) Net loss Basic and diluted net loss per common share Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding $ 18,523 $ 23,757 $ 22,757 $ 30,351 $ 7,045 $ 14,620 $ 16,806 $ 17,040 4,006 4,490 4,766 6,182 1,163 2,730 3,026 3,332 372 709 771 778 372 372 372 370 43,543 52,707 63,887 71,210 32,447 33,108 38,924 38,019 39,274 44,864 87,195 102,770 (79,013) (68,672) 42,495 111,919 (89,162) 49,148 127,318 (96,967) 29,224 63,206 (56,161) 36,149 72,359 (57,739) 35,011 77,333 (60,527) 38,523 80,244 (63,204) (2,635) (3,581) (3,376) (3,591) (2,581) (2,598) (2,618) (2,631) (81) (7,975) — 1,409 (9,282) (104) — (20,000) 1,475 (22,210) (77,954) (101,223) 33 $ (77,694) $ (101,190) $ 260 151 — — 2,536 (689) (89,851) (13) (89,864) $ (159) (312) — — 2,497 (1,406) (98,373) (888) 76 — (117,000) — — 594 354 (2,386) (118,928) (58,547) (176,667) 1,281 (99,261) $ (58,464) $ (175,386) $ 83 (44) — — 1,291 (1,371) (61,898) 1,234 (60,664) $ 45 11,523 — 1,404 10,341 (52,863) 980 (51,883) (1.54) $ (1.94) $ (1.71) $ (1.88) $ (1.33) $ (3.88) $ (1.24) $ (1.04) 50,602 52,223 52,669 52,724 44,039 45,176 48,917 49,973 F-33 AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.26 This AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is th made and entered into as of this 27 day of February 2019, by and between Clovis Oncology UK Limited (the “ Employer ”), Clovis Oncology, Inc. (the “ Parent ”) and Dr. Lindsey Rolfe (the “ Employee ”). For purposes of this Agreement, references to the “ Company ” shall be deemed to refer to the Employer and to the Parent, collectively, as well as to the Employer or the Parent, individually, in each case, as context required. W I T N E S S E T H : WHEREAS, Employee is currently employed by the Employer and also serves as the Executive Vice President of Clinical and Preclinical Development and Pharmacovigilance, and Chief Medical Officer of the Parent; and WHEREAS, the Employer desires to continue to employ Employee and to enter into this Agreement embodying the terms of such employment, and Employee desires to enter into this Agreement and to accept such continued employment, subject to the terms and provisions of this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are mutually acknowledged, the Company and Employee hereby agree as follows: Section 1. Definitions. (a ) “ Accrued Obligations ” shall mean (i) all accrued but unpaid Base Salary through the date of termination of Employee’s employment, (ii) any unpaid or unreimbursed expenses incurred prior to the date of termination in accordance with Section 7 hereof, and (iii) any benefits provided under the Employer’s employee benefit plans upon a termination of employment (excluding any employee benefit plan providing for severance or similar benefits), in accordance with the terms contained therein. (b) “ Agreement ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto. (c) “ Annual Bonus ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(b) hereof. (d) “ Base Salary ” shall mean the salary provided for in Section 4(a) hereof or any increased salary granted to Employee pursuant to Section 4(a) hereof. (e) “ Board ” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Employer. However, the Board of Directors of the Employer may, at its discretion, allow the Board of Directors of the Parent to make certain decisions in relation to the Employee’s employment. In those circumstances, the term “ Board ” shall be read to mean the Board of Directors of the Parent. (f) “ Change in Control ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Stock Incentive Plan. (g) “ Company ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto. (h) “ Company Group ” shall mean the Employer, the Parent, and any direct or indirect subsidiaries of the Employer and the Parent. (i) “ Compensation Committee ” shall mean the committee of the Board designated to make compensation decisions relating to senior executive officers of the Company Group. Prior to any time that such a committee has been designated, the Board shall be deemed the Compensation Committee for purposes of this Agreement. (j) “ Disability ” shall mean any physical or mental disability or infirmity of Employee that prevents the performance of Employee’s duties for a period of (i) ninety (90) consecutive days or (ii) one hundred twenty (120) non-consecutive days during any twelve (12) month period. Any question as to the existence, extent, or potentiality of Employee’s Disability upon which Employee and the Company cannot agree shall be determined by a qualified, independent physician selected by the Company and approved by Employee (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld). The determination of any such physician shall be final and conclusive for all purposes of this Agreement. (k) “ Employee ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto. (l) “ Good Reason ” shall mean, without Employee’s consent, (i) a material diminution in Employee’s title, duties, or responsibilities as set forth in Section 3 hereof such that Employee is no longer serving in a senior executive capacity for the Parent, (ii) a material reduction in Base Salary set forth in Section 4(a) hereof or Annual Bonus opportunity set forth in Section 4(b) hereof (other than pursuant to an across-the-board reduction applicable to all similarly situated executives), (iii) the relocation of Employee’s principal place of employment (as provided in Section 3(c) hereof) more than fifty (50) miles from its current location, or (iv) any other material breach of a provision of this Agreement by the Company (other than a provision that is covered by clause (i), (ii), or (iii) above). Employee acknowledges and agrees that her exclusive remedy in the event of any breach of this Agreement shall be to assert Good Reason pursuant to the terms and conditions of Section 8(e) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, during the Term, in the event that the Company reasonably believes that Employee may have engaged in conduct that could constitute Just Cause hereunder, the Company may, in its sole and absolute discretion, suspend Employee for up to sixty (60) days from performing her duties hereunder, and in no event shall any such suspension constitute an event pursuant to which Employee may terminate employment with Good Reason or otherwise constitute a breach hereunder; provided, that no such suspension shall alter the Company’s obligations under this Agreement during such period of suspension. (m) “ Just Cause ” shall mean that the Company, acting in good faith based upon the information then known to it, determines that (i) Employee has committed or engaged in negligent or willful conduct that is likely to be detrimental to the Company or any member of the Company Group; (ii) Employee has engaged in acts which constitute theft, fraud, or other illegal or dishonest conduct which are considered to be harmful to the Company or any member of the Company Group as determined by the majority vote of its Board; (iii) Employee has willfully disobeyed the reasonable and lawful directives of any superior officer or the Board; (iv) Employee has refused or is unwilling to perform her job duties; (v) Employee has failed adequately to perform her job duties; (vi) Employee has demonstrated habitual absenteeism; (vii) Employee is substantially dependent on alcohol or any controlled substance or violates any general Company policy with regard to alcohol or controlled substances; (viii) Employee has engaged in acts which constitute sexual or other forms of illegal harassment or discrimination; (ix) Employee makes public remarks that disparage the Company, the Board, or its officers, directors, advisors, employees, affiliates or subsidiaries; (x) Employee violates her fiduciary duty to the Company, or her duty of loyalty to the Company; (xi) Employee materially breaches any term of this Agreement or the Non- Interference Agreement. The parties acknowledge that this definition of “Just Cause” in not intended and does not apply to any aspect of the relationship between the Company and Employee beyond determining Employee’s eligibility for severance pay pursuant to Section 8 below. (n) “ Non-Interference Agreement ” shall mean the Confidentiality, Non-Interference, and Invention Assignment Agreement by and between then Employee and the Parent, dated even herewith. (o) “ Person ” shall mean any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust (charitable or non-charitable), unincorporated organization, or other form of business entity. (p) “ Release of Claims ” shall mean an agreement in writing between the Company and the Employee under which the Employee agrees to waive her UK employment claims and any other relevant claims against the Employer and any member of the Company Group. Such agreement shall satisfy the requirements of s203(3) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 and similar provisions in other UK statutes, as well as any other applicable laws or statutes, and shall be in the form prescribed by the Company. (q) “ Severance Benefits ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8(g) hereof. (r) “ Severance Term ” shall mean the six (6) month period following Employee’s termination by the Company without Just Cause (other than by reason of death or Disability) or by Employee for Good Reason; provided, that if such termination occurs within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, the Severance Term shall be the twelve (12) month period following such termination. (s) “ Stock Incentive Plan ” shall mean the Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, as the same may be amended and/or restated from time to time. (t) “ Target Bonus ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(b) hereof. (u) “ Term ” shall mean the period specified in Section 2 hereof. (v) “ UK Confidentiality Agreement ” shall mean the Confidential Information, Invention Assignment and Non-Solicitation Agreement by and between the Employee and the Employer, dated May 23, 2017. Section 2. Acceptance and Term. The Employer agrees to employ Employee, and Employee agrees to serve the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth herein. The Term shall be deemed to have commenced on April 1, 2010 and shall continue until terminated in accordance with Section 8 hereof. The Employee warrants that she is eligible to work in the UK without restrictions and has shown the Company her EU passport. Section 3. Position, Duties, and Responsibilities; Place of Performance. (a) Position, Duties, and Responsibilities . During the Term, Employee shall be employed and serve as the Executive Vice President of Clinical and Preclinical Development and Pharmacovigilance and Chief Medical Officer of the Parent (together with such other position or positions consistent with Employee’s title as the Board shall specify from time to time) and shall have such duties and responsibilities commensurate with such title. Employee also agrees to serve as an officer and/or director of any other member of the Company Group, in each case without additional compensation. During the Term, Employee shall report to the Chief Executive Officer of the Parent. (b) Performance . Employee shall devote her full business time, attention, skill, and best efforts to the performance of her duties under this Agreement and shall not engage in any other business or occupation during the Term, including, without limitation, any activity that (x) conflicts with the interests of the Company or any other member of the Company Group, (y) interferes with the proper and efficient performance of Employee’s duties for the Company, or (z) interferes with Employee’s exercise of judgment in the Company’s best interests. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall preclude Employee from (i) serving, with the prior written consent of the Board, as a member of the boards of directors or advisory boards (or their equivalents in the case of a non-corporate entity) of non- competing businesses and charitable organizations, (ii) engaging in charitable activities and community affairs, and (iii) managing her personal investments and affairs; provided, however, that the activities set out in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) shall be limited by Employee so as not to materially interfere, individually or in the aggregate, with the performance of her duties and responsibilities hereunder. (c) Principal Place of Employment . Employee’s principal place of employment shall be in Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge, CB3 OAX although Employee understands and agrees that she may be required to travel from time to time for business reasons. Section 4. Compensation. During the Term, Employee shall be entitled to the following compensation: (a) Base Salary. Employee shall be paid an annualized Base Salary equivalent of $435,000 USD (gross) per year, configured and payable in GBP, by 12 calendar monthly payments in arrears, net of deductions, by direct transfer. The monthly GBP payment will be determined at the beginning of each month, to allow for fluctuations in exchange rates. Increases, if any, may be approved in writing by the Compensation Committee at its sole discretion. There is no obligation to award an increase. (b) Annual Bonus . Employee shall be eligible for an annual incentive bonus award determined by the Compensation Committee in respect of each fiscal year during the Term (the “ Annual Bonus ”). The target Annual Bonus for each fiscal year shall be 45% of Base Salary (the “ Target Bonus ”), with the actual Annual Bonus payable being based upon the level of achievement of annual corporate and individual performance objectives for such fiscal year, as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole and absolute discretion and communicated to Employee. The Annual Bonus shall be paid to Employee at the same time as annual bonuses are generally payable to other senior executives of the Company, provided the Employee is still employed and not under a period of notice on the payment date. Section 5. Benefits. During the Term, Employee shall be entitled to the following benefits: (a) Pension Scheme . The Employer will contribute 6% of the Employee’s regular annual salary towards a pension scheme with no employee contribution required. This provision will be in place only until such time as the Employer puts a scheme to meet its automatic enrolment obligations. Once the automatic enrolment pension scheme is in force, the Employer will enroll the Employee into a workplace pension scheme (“ Workplace Scheme ”) and contribute towards the Workplace Scheme. Once the Employee is enrolled into the Workplace Scheme, the Employer will cease to make a contribution of 6% of the Employee’s regular annual salary per month to a personal pension scheme; due to the Employer contributions to the Workplace Scheme superseding this requirement. Details of the Workplace Scheme, including Employer contributions, will be discussed and provided to the Employee in writing as necessary. (b) Other Benefits . The Employer will pay for health, life, critical illness and income protection insurance. (c) Holidays . i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. The Employee will be paid for public holidays as declared and advised by the Employer. The holiday year runs from 1 January to 31 December. Holiday entitlements cannot usually be carried over to the following year (see latest version of the staff handbook for possible exceptions). The Employee shall be entitled to have any outstanding and accrued holiday entitlement paid to the Employee as additional remuneration on the termination of the Employee’s employment with the Employer as calculated in accordance with the terms of this clause. All holiday dates must be approved by the person to whom the Employee is responsible. No more than 10 days’ holiday may be taken at any one time unless prior consent is obtained from the person to whom the Employee reports. On engagement the Employee shall be entitled to twenty-five days in each holiday year in addition to all statutory and public holidays. This includes up to 3 Employer nominated days used to cover the Christmas period. If the Employee’s employment starts or finishes part way through the holiday year, the Employee’s holiday entitlement during that year shall be calculated on a pro-rata basis, for each complete month of the Employment during that holiday year, rounded up to the nearest half day. On termination of the Employment the Employee shall be required to repay to the Employer any salary received for holiday taken in excess of their accrued entitlement, calculated up to the date of termination. (d) Sickness or Injury. If the Employee is absent from work due to sickness or injury it is important that the Employer is notified immediately by email or telephone, and certainly no later than 7:00am on the day of absence. The Employee is also required to provide, so far as practicable, an expected date of return to work. i. ii. For periods of absence up to seven days, the Employer may require a “self certificate” to be completed. From the eighth day, the Employee will require a certificate from the Employee’s doctor, repeated at weekly intervals if the Employee is still unable to come to work. If the Employee is absent from work for more than three days by reason of incapacity and the Employee satisfies the relevant requirements, the Employee will be entitled to statutory sick pay. The Employee’s qualifying days for statutory sick pay purposes are Monday to Friday. iii. It is entirely within the Employer’s discretion as to whether to make up the difference between the Employee’s salary and statutory sick pay or any disability benefit or allowance received by the Employee during periods of sickness or incapacity; in the event that it does, the Employer reserves the right, at any time without prior notice, to suspend or reduce payment of the Employee’s salary at its discretion during any periods of absence for any reason. iv. Whilst the Employer will normally be sympathetic to cases of genuine sickness or accident, prolonged or persistent absence may cause concern about an employee’s ability to carry out their work. In this case, consideration may be given to the termination of an employee’s employment. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to limit the Employer’s ability to amend, suspend, or terminate any employee benefit plan or policy at any time without providing Employee notice, and the right to do so is expressly reserved. Section 6. Key-Man Insurance. At any time during the Term, the Company shall have the right to insure the life of Employee for the sole benefit of the Company, in such amounts, and with such terms, as it may determine. All premiums payable thereon shall be the obligation of the Company. Employee shall have no interest in any such policy, but agrees to cooperate with the Company in procuring such insurance by submitting to physical examinations, supplying all information required by the insurance company, and executing all necessary documents, provided that no financial obligation is imposed on Employee by any such documents. Section 7. Reimbursement of Business Expenses. During the Term, the Company shall pay (or promptly reimburse Employee) for documented, out-of- pocket expenses reasonably incurred by Employee in the course of performing her duties and responsibilities hereunder, which are consistent with the Company’s policies in effect from time to time with respect to business expenses, subject to the Company’s requirements with respect to reporting of such expenses. Section 8. Termination of Employment. (a) General . The Term shall terminate upon the earliest to occur of (i) Employee’s death, (ii) a termination by reason of a Disability, (iii) a termination by the Company with or without Just Cause, and (iv) a termination by Employee with or without Good Reason. (i) Subject to section 8(a)(ii) below, 90 days’ notice of termination, in writing, is required by either party. (ii) The Company shall be entitled to terminate the Employee’s employment summarily and without notice or payment in lieu of notice in the event that the Employee is found guilty of having committed an act of gross misconduct under the Employer’s Disciplinary Procedure. (iii) The Company may (but shall not be bound to) terminate the Employee’s employment with immediate effect by paying her a sum equal to her Base Salary for the period of notice that is still to run (a “ payment in lieu of notice ”). (iv) The Company reserves the right to require the Employee not to attend work and not to undertake all or any of her duties during any period of notice (whether given by her or by the Company) provided always that the Company shall continue to provide the Employee with her Base Salary and other benefits during the period of her notice (“ Garden Leave ”). During such a period of Garden Leave, the Employee shall owe a duty of the utmost good faith to the Company and must not work for any other person or on their own account and shall remain readily contactable and available to work for the Company. Upon any termination of Employee’s employment for any reason, except as may otherwise be requested by the Company in writing and agreed upon in writing by Employee, Employee shall be deemed to have resigned from any and all directorships, committee memberships, and any other positions Employee holds with the Company or any other member of the Company Group and hereby agrees to execute any documents that the Company (or any member of the Company Group) determines necessary to effectuate such resignations. (b) Termination Due to Death or Disability . Employee’s employment shall terminate automatically upon her death. The Company may terminate Employee’s employment upon the occurrence of a Disability, such termination to be effective upon Employee’s receipt of written notice of such termination. Upon Employee’s death or in the event that Employee’s employment is terminated due to her Disability, Employee or her estate or her beneficiaries, as the case may be, shall be entitled to (in addition to any statutory benefits which apply): (i) The Accrued Obligations; and (ii) Any unpaid Annual Bonus in respect of any completed fiscal year that has ended prior to the date of such termination, which amount shall be paid at such time annual bonuses are paid to other senior executives of the Company, but in no event later than the date that is 2% months following the last day of the fiscal year in which such termination occurred. Following Employee’s death or a termination of Employee’s employment by reason of a Disability, except as set forth in this Section 8(b), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other contractual benefits under this Agreement. The Company will take medical advice and consult with the Employee before terminating her employment on the grounds of Disability. The Company will also consider whether there are any alternatives to termination of employment, such as adjustments to her role or a move into an alternative vacancy, prior to terminating the Employee’s employment on the grounds of Disability. Being diagnosed with a disability by no means makes dismissal inevitable. However, it is possible that the Employee’s employment may be terminated on the grounds of a Disability. (c) Termination by the Company with Just Cause . (i) The Company may, subject to the rules of its Disciplinary Procedure and / or any other relevant procedure, terminate Employee’s employment at any time with Just Cause, effective upon Employee’s receipt of written notice of such termination; provided, however, that with respect to any Just Cause termination relying on clause (iv) or (v) of the definition of Just Cause set forth in Section 1(m) hereof, to the extent that such act or acts or failure or failures to act are curable., Employee shall be given not less than ten (10) days’ written notice by the Board of the Company’s intention to terminate her for Just Cause, such notice to state in detail the particular act or acts or failure or failures to act that constitute the grounds on which the proposed termination for Just Cause is based, and such termination shall be effective at the expiration of such ten (10) day notice period unless Employee has fully cured such act or acts or failure or failures to act that give rise to Just Cause during such period. (ii) In the event that the Company terminates Employee’s employment with Just Cause, she shall be entitled only to the Accrued Obligations and, save where Clause 8(a)(ii) above applies, a period of notice or a payment in lieu of notice in accordance with Clause 8(a)(iii). Following such termination of Employee’s employment with Just Cause, except as set forth in this Section 8(c)(ii), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. (d) Termination by the Company without Just Cause . The Company may terminate Employee’s employment at any time without Just Cause, effective upon Employee’s receipt of written notice of such termination. In the event that Employee’s employment is terminated by the Company without Just Cause (other than due to death or Disability), Employee shall, in addition her entitlement to a period of notice or a payment in lieu of notice as set out above, provided she enters into a Release of Claims under the terms offered to her by the Company, be entitled to: (i) The Accrued Obligations; (ii) Any unpaid Annual Bonus in respect of any completed fiscal year that has ended prior to the date of such termination, which amount shall be paid at such time annual bonuses are paid to other senior executives of the Company, but in no event later than the date that is 2% months following the last day of the fiscal year in which such termination occurred; (iii) Continued payment of Base Salary during the Severance Term, payable in accordance with the Company’s regular payroll practices; (iv) Subject to Employee’s election of COBRA continuation coverage under the Company’s group health plan, on the first regularly scheduled payroll date of each month of the Severance Term, the Company will pay Employee an amount equal to the “applicable percentage” of the monthly COBRA premium cost (which, for purposes hereof, shall be the percentage of Employee’s health care premium costs covered by the Company as of the date of termination); provided, that the payments pursuant to this clause (iv) shall cease earlier than the expiration of the Severance Term in the event that Employee becomes eligible to receive any health benefits, including through a spouse’s employer, during the Severance Term; and (v) In the event that such termination occurs within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control: (A) accelerated vesting of all of Employee’s stock options and other equity-based awards and continued exercisability of Employee’s stock options in accordance with the terms of the plan document governing such awards; and (B) an amount equal to the Target Bonus, payable in substantially equal monthly installments during the Severance Term. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the payments and benefits described in clauses (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v) above shall immediately terminate, and the Company shall have no further obligations to Employee with respect thereto, in the event that Employee breaches any provision of the Non-Interference Agreement. Following such termination of Employee’s employment by the Company without just Cause, except as set forth in this Section 8(d), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, Employee’s sole and exclusive remedy upon a termination of employment by the Company without Just Cause shall be receipt of the Severance Benefits. (e) Termination by Employee with Good Reason. Employee may terminate her employment with Good Reason by providing the Company ninety (90) days’ written notice setting forth in reasonable specificity the event that constitutes Good Reason, which written notice, to be effective, must be provided to the Company within sixty (60) days of the occurrence of such event. During the 10 day period following the receipt of such a written notice, the Company shall have a cure right (if curable), and if not cured within such period, Employee’s termination will be effective upon the expiration of her notice period, and Employee shall, provided she enters into a Release of Claims under the terms offered to her by the Company, be entitled to the same payments and benefits as provided in Section 8(d) hereof for a termination by the Company without Just Cause, subject to the same conditions on payment and benefits as described in Section 8(d) hereof. Following such termination of Employee’s employment by Employee with Good Reason, except as set forth in this Section 8(e), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, Employee’s sole and exclusive remedy upon a termination of employment with Good Reason shall be receipt of the Severance Benefits. The decision as to whether the Employee has Good Reason is at the sole and unfettered discretion of the Company. If the Company deems that the Employee does not have Good Reason, then her termination will be treated as a termination by Employee without Good Reason. (f) Termination by Employee without Good Reason . Employee may terminate her employment without Good Reason by providing the Company ninety (90) days’ written notice of such termination. In the event of a termination of employment by Employee under this Section 8(f), Employee shall be entitled only to the Accrued Obligations. Following such termination of Employee’s employment by Employee without Good Reason, except as set forth in this Section 8(f), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. (g) Release of Claims . Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, the payment of any amount or provision of any benefit pursuant to subsection (b), (d), or (e) of this Section 8 (other than the Accrued Obligations) (collectively, the “ Severance Benefits ”) shall be conditioned upon Employee’s execution, delivery to the Company, and non-revocation of the Release of Claims (and the expiration of any applicable revocation period contained in such Release of Claims) by any execution deadline specified in such Release of Claims. If Employee fails to execute the Release of Claims in such a timely manner or, to the extent applicable, if Employee revokes her acceptance of such release, Employee shall not be entitled to any of the Severance Benefits. Further, to the extent that any of the Severance Benefits constitutes “nonqualified deferred compensation” for purposes of Section 409A of the Code, any payment of any amount or provision of any benefit otherwise scheduled to occur prior to any execution deadline, but for the condition on executing the Release of Claims as set forth herein, shall not be made until the first regularly scheduled payroll date following such execution deadline, after which any remaining Severance Benefits shall thereafter be provided to Employee according to the applicable schedule set forth herein. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event of a termination due to Employee’s death or Disability, Employee’s obligations herein to execute and not revoke the Release of Claims may be satisfied on her behalf by her estate or a person having legal power of attorney over her affairs. As above, in order to receive any Severance Benefits. the Employee will also be required to enter into a Release of Claims under the terms offered to her by the Company. Section 9. Non-Interference Agreement and UK Confidentiality Agreement. As a condition of Employee’s employment hereunder, Employee has executed and delivered to the Company the Non-Interference Agreement and the UK Confidentiality Agreement. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that this Agreement, the Non-Interference Agreement and the UK Confidentiality Agreement shall be considered separate contracts, and the Non-Interference Agreement and the UK Confidentiality Agreement will survive the termination of this Agreement for any reason. The Non-Interference Agreement and the UK Confidentiality Agreement shall be coextensive and the restrictions in each shall apply in addition to, and not in lieu of, the restrictions in the other and in any similar agreements. Section 10. Representations and Warranties of Employee. Employee represents and warrants to the Company that: (a) Employee is entering into this Agreement voluntarily and that her employment hereunder and compliance with the terms and conditions hereof will not conflict with or result in the breach by her of any agreement to which she is a party or by which she may be bound; (b) Employee has not violated, and in connection with her employment with the Company will not violate, any non-solicitation, non-competition, or other similar covenant or agreement of a prior employer by which she is or may be bound; and (c) in connection with her employment with the Company, Employee will not use any confidential or proprietary information she may have obtained in connection with employment with any prior employer. Section 11. Taxes. The Company may withhold from any payments made under this Agreement all applicable taxes. Section 12. Set Off; Mitigation. The Company’s obligation to pay Employee the amounts provided and to make the arrangements provided hereunder shall be subject to set-off, counterclaim, or recoupment of amounts owed by Employee to the Company or its affiliates; provided, however, that to the extent any amount so subject to set-off, counterclaim, or recoupment is payable in installments hereunder, such set-off, counterclaim, or recoupment shall not modify the applicable payment date of any installment, and to the extent an obligation cannot be satisfied by reduction of a single installment payment, any portion not satisfied shall remain an outstanding obligation of Employee and shall be applied to the next installment only at such time the installment is otherwise payable pursuant to the specified payment schedule. Employee shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided pursuant to this Agreement by seeking other employment or otherwise, and except as provided in Section 8(d)(iv) hereof, the amount of any payment provided for pursuant to this Agreement shall not be reduced by any compensation earned as a result of Employee’s other employment or otherwise. Section 13. Successors and Assigns; No Third-Party Beneficiaries. (a) The Company . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of the Company and its respective successors and assigns. Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, obligations, or interests arising hereunder may be assigned by the Company to a Person (other than another member of the Company Group, or its or their respective successors) without Employee’s prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed, or conditioned); provided, however, that in the event of a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or any direct or indirect division or subsidiary thereof to which the Employee’s employment primarily relates, the Company may provide that this Agreement will be assigned to, and assumed by, the acquiror of such assets, it being agreed that in such circumstances, Employee’s consent will not be required in connection therewith. (b) Employee . Employee’s rights and obligations under this Agreement shall not be transferable by Employee by assignment or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Company; provided, however, that if Employee shall die, all amounts then payable to Employee hereunder shall be paid in accordance with the terms of this Agreement to Employee’s devisee, legatee, or other designee, or if there be no such designee, to Employee’s estate. (c) No Third-Party Beneficiaries . Except as otherwise set forth in Section 8(b) or Section 13(b) hereof, nothing expressed or referred to in this Agreement will be construed to give any Person other than the Company, the other members of the Company Group, and Employee any legal or equitable right, remedy, or claim under or with respect to this Agreement or any provision of this Agreement. The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 shall not apply to this Agreement. Section 14. Waiver and Amendments. Any waiver, alteration, amendment, or modification of any of the terms of this Agreement shall be valid only if made in writing and signed by each of the parties hereto; provided, however, that any such waiver, alteration, amendment, or modification must be consented to on the Company’s behalf by the Board. No waiver by either of the parties hereto of their rights hereunder shall be deemed to constitute a waiver with respect to any subsequent occurrences or transactions hereunder unless such waiver specifically states that it is to be construed as a continuing waiver. Section 15. Severability. If any covenants or such other provisions of this Agreement arc found to be invalid or unenforceable by a final determination or a court of competent jurisdiction, (a) the remaining terms and provisions hereof shall be unimpaired, and (b) the invalid or unenforceable term or provision hereof shall be deemed replaced by a term or provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of the invalid or unenforceable term or provision hereof. Section 16. Governing Law and Jurisdiction. These terms and conditions of employment shall be construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales and the parties hereto submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales as regards any claim, dispute or matter arising out of or relating to this agreement and its implication or effect. Section 17. Notices. (a) Place of Delivery . Every notice or other communication relating to this Agreement shall be in writing, and shall be mailed to or delivered to the party for whom or which it is intended at such address as may from time to time be designated by it in a notice mailed or delivered to the other party as herein provided; provided, that unless and until some other address be so designated, all notices and communications by Employee to the Company shall be mailed or delivered to the Company at the principal executive office of each of the Parent and the Employer, and all notices and communications by the Company to Employee may be given to Employee personally or may be mailed to Employee at Employee’s last known address, as reflected in the Company’s records. (b) Date of Delivery . Any notice so addressed shall be deemed to be given or received (i) if delivered by hand, on the date of such delivery, (ii) if mailed by courier or by overnight mail, on the first business day following the date of such mailing, and (iii) if mailed by registered or certified mail, on the third business day after the date of such mailing. Section 18. Section Headings. The headings of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute a part thereof or affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement or of any term or provision hereof. Section 19. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, the Non-Interference Agreement and the UK Confidentiality Agreement constitute the entire understanding and agreement of the parties hereto regarding the employment of Employee, and such agreement supersede all prior negotiations, discussions, correspondence, communications, understandings, and agreements between the parties relating to the subject matter thereof. Section 20. Survival of Operative Sections. Upon any termination of Employee’s employment, the provisions of Section 8 through Section 25 of this Agreement (together with any related definitions set forth in Section 1 hereof) shall survive to the extent necessary to give effect to the provisions thereof. Section 21. Working Time Regulations 1998. The Employee agrees, in accordance with the terms of Regulations 4(1) and Regulation 5 of the Working Time Regulations 1998 (the “ Regulations ”) that the limit in Regulation 4(1) of the Regulations shall not apply to her employment with the Employer (the “ Opt Out ”). The Employee may terminate the Opt Out at any time by giving the Employer three months’ written notice to that effect. Section 22. Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures. The Employer’s Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures are available in the UK Employment Handbook. These procedures do not form part of the Employee’s contract of employment. Application of any such procedure is at the Employer’s discretion. If the Employee wishes to appeal against a disciplinary decision she must do so in writing in accordance with the Employer’s disciplinary procedure. If the Employee wishes to raise a grievance she must do so in writing in accordance with the Employer’s grievance procedure. Section 23. Data Protection. The Employee consents to the Company processing data relating to her for legal, personnel, administrative and management purposes and in particular to the processing of any sensitive personal data (as defined in the Data Protection Act 1998) relating to the Employee, including, as appropriate: (a) information about the Employee’s physical or mental health or condition in order to monitor sick leave and take decisions as to her fitness for work; (b) the Employee’s racial or ethnic origin or religious or similar information in order to monitor compliance with equal opportunities legislation; and (c) in order to comply with legal requirements and obligations to third panics. The Company may make such information available to those who provide products or services to the Company (such as advisers and payroll administrators), regulatory authorities, potential purchasers of the Company or the business in which the Employee works, and as may be required by law. The Employee consents to the transfer of such information to the Company’s business contacts outside the European Economic Area in order to further its business interests even where the country or territory in question does not maintain adequate data protection standards. Section 24. Collective Agreements. There are no collective agreements affecting the Employee’s terms and conditions of employment. Section 25. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The execution of this Agreement may be by actual or facsimile signature. * * * [Signatures to appear on the following page.] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written. CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. _/s/ Paul Gross ______________________ By Paul Gross Title: EVP, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer CLOVIS ONCOLOGY UK LIMITED /s/ Paul Gross ______________________ By Paul Gross Title: Director EMPLOYEE /s/ Lindsey Rolfe __________________ Dr. Lindsey Rolfe CONFIDENTIALITY, NON-INTERFERENCE, AND INVENTION ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT As a condition of my becoming employed by, or continuing employment with, Clovis Oncology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and in consideration of my employment with the Company and my receipt of the compensation now and hereafter paid to me by the Company, I agree to the following: Section 1. Confidential Information . (a) Company Group Information . I acknowledge that, during the course of my employment, I will have access to information about the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, the “ Company Group ”) and that my employment with the Company shall bring me into close contact with confidential and proprietary information of the Company Group. In recognition of the foregoing, I agree, at all times during the term of my employment with the Company and for the ten (10) year period following my termination of my employment for any reason, to hold in confidence, and not to use, except for the benefit of the Company Group, or to disclose to any person, firm, corporation, or other entity without written authorization of the Company, any Confidential Information that I obtain or create. I further agree not to make copies of such Confidential Information except as authorized by the Company. I understand that “ Confidential Information ” means information that the Company Group has developed, acquired, created, compiled, discovered, or owned or will develop, acquire, create, compile, discover, or own, that has value in or to the business of the Company Group that is not generally known and that the Company wishes to maintain as confidential. I understand that Confidential Information includes, but is not limited to, any and all non-public information that relates to the actual or anticipated business and/or products, research, or development of the Company, or to the Company’s technical data, trade secrets, or know-how, including, but not limited to, research, product plans, or other information regarding the Company’s products or services and markets, customer lists, and customers (including, but not limited to, customers of the Company on whom I called or with whom I may become acquainted during the term of my employment), software, developments, inventions, processes, formulas, technology, designs, drawings, engineering, hardware configuration information, marketing, finances, and other business information disclosed by the Company either directly or indirectly in writing, orally, or by drawings or inspection of premises, parts, equipment, or other Company property. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information shall not include (i) any of the foregoing items that have become publicly and widely known through no unauthorized disclosure by me or others who were under confidentiality obligations as to the item or items involved or (ii) any information that I am required to disclose to, or by, any governmental or judicial authority; provided , however , that in such event I will give the Company prompt written notice thereof so that the Company Group may seek an appropriate protective order and/or waive in writing compliance with the confidentiality provisions of this Confidentiality, Non-Interference, and Invention Assignment Agreement (the “ Non-Interference Agreement ”). (b) Former Employer Information . I represent that my performance of all of the terms of this Non-Interference Agreement as an employee of the Company has not breached and will not breach any agreement to keep in confidence proprietary information, knowledge, or data acquired by me in confidence or trust prior or subsequent to the commencement of my employment with the Company, and I will not disclose to any member of the Company Group, or induce any member of the Company Group to use, any developments, or confidential or proprietary information or material I may have obtained in connection with employment with any prior employer in violation of a confidentiality agreement, nondisclosure agreement, or similar agreement with such prior employer. (c) Whistleblower; Defend Trade Secrets Act Disclosure . (i) In addition, I understand that nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prohibit me from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to any governmental agency or regulatory body or making other disclosures that are protected under any law or regulation, or from filing a charge with or participating in any investigation or proceeding conducted by any governmental agency or regulatory body. (ii) I understand that the Defend Trade Secrets Act provides that I may not be held criminally or civilly liable under any Federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that is made in confidence to a Federal, state, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney, and solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or that is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. In the event that I file a lawsuit for retaliation by any member of the Company Group for reporting a suspected violation of law, I may disclose the trade secret to my attorney and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding, if I file any document containing the trade secret under seal and do not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order. Section 2. Developments . (a) Developments Retained and Licensed . I have attached hereto, as Schedule A , a list describing with particularity all developments, original works of authorship, developments, improvements, and trade secrets that I can demonstrate were created or owned by me prior to the commencement of my employment (collectively referred to as “ Prior Developments ”), which belong solely to me or belong to me jointly with another, that relate in any way to any of the actual or proposed businesses, products, or research and development of any member of the Company Group, and that are not assigned to the Company hereunder, or if no such list is attached, I represent that there are no such Prior Developments. If, during any period during which I perform or performed services for the Company Group both before or after the date hereof (the “ Assignment Period ”), whether as an officer, employee, director, independent contractor, consultant, or agent, or in any other capacity, I incorporate (or have incorporated) into a Company Group product or process a Prior Development owned by me or in which I have an interest, I hereby grant the Company, and the Company Group shall have, a non-exclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable, perpetual, transferable worldwide license (with the right to sublicense) to make, have made, copy, modify, make derivative works of, use, sell, and otherwise distribute such Prior Development as part of or in connection with such product or process. (b) Assignment of Developments . I agree that I will, without additional compensation, promptly make full written disclosure to the Company, and will hold in trust for the sole right and benefit of the Company all developments, original works of authorship, inventions, concepts, know-how, improvements, trade secrets, and similar proprietary rights, whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar laws, which I may solely or jointly conceive or develop or reduce to practice, or have solely or jointly conceived or developed or reduced to practice, or have caused or may cause to be conceived or developed or reduced to practice, during the Assignment Period, whether or not during regular working hours, provided they either (i) relate at the time of conception, development or reduction to practice to the business of any member of the Company Group, or the actual or anticipated research or development of any member of the Company Group; (ii) result from or relate to any work performed for any member of the Company Group; or (iii) are developed through the use of equipment, supplies, or facilities of any member of the Company Group, or any Confidential Information, or in consultation with personnel of any member of the Company Group (collectively referred to as “ Developments ”). I further acknowledge that all Developments made by me (solely or jointly with others) within the scope of and during the Assignment Period are “works made for hire” (to the greatest extent permitted by applicable law) for which I am, in part, compensated by my salary, unless regulated otherwise by law, but that, in the event any such Development is deemed not to be a work made for hire, I hereby assign to the Company, or its designee, all my right, title, and interest throughout the world in and to any such Development. (c) Maintenance of Records . I agree to keep and maintain adequate and current written records of all Developments made by me (solely or jointly with others) during the Assignment Period. The records may be in the form of notes, sketches, drawings, flow charts, electronic data or recordings, and any other format. The records will be available to and remain the sole property of the Company Group at all times. I agree not to remove such records from the Company’s place of business except as expressly permitted by Company Group policy, which may, from time to time, be revised at the sole election of the Company Group for the purpose of furthering the business of the Company Group. (d) Intellectual Property Rights . I agree to assist the Company, or its designee, at the Company’s expense, in every way to secure the rights of the Company Group in the Developments and any copyrights, patents, trademarks, service marks, database rights, domain names, mask work rights, moral rights, and other intellectual property rights relating thereto in any and all countries, including the disclosure to the Company of all pertinent information and data with respect thereto, the execution of all applications, specifications, oaths, assignments, recordations, and all other instruments that the Company shall deem necessary in order to apply for, obtain, maintain, and transfer such rights and in order to assign and convey to the Company Group the sole and exclusive right, title, and interest in and to such Developments, and any intellectual property and other proprietary rights relating thereto. I further agree that my obligation to execute or cause to be executed, when it is in my power to do so, any such instrument or papers shall continue after the Assignment Period until the expiration of the last such intellectual property right to expire in any country of the world; provided , however , the Company shall reimburse me for my reasonable expenses incurred in connection with carrying out the foregoing obligation. If the Company is unable because of my mental or physical incapacity or unavailability for any other reason to secure my signature to apply for or to pursue any application for any United States or foreign patents or copyright registrations covering Developments or original works of authorship assigned to the Company as above, then I hereby irrevocably designate and appoint the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as my agent and attorney in fact to act for and in my behalf and stead to execute and file any such applications or records and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the application for, prosecution, issuance, maintenance, and transfer of letters patent or registrations thereon with the same legal force and effect as if originally executed by me. I hereby waive and irrevocably quitclaim to the Company any and all claims, of any nature whatsoever, that I now or hereafter have for past, present, or future infringement of any and all proprietary rights assigned to the Company. Section 3. Returning Company Group Documents . I agree that, at the time of termination of my employment with the Company for any reason, I will deliver to the Company (and will not keep in my possession, recreate, or deliver to anyone else) any and all Confidential Information and all other documents, materials, information, and property developed by me pursuant to my employment or otherwise belonging to the Company. I agree further that any property situated on the Company’s premises and owned by the Company (or any other member of the Company Group), including disks and other storage media, filing cabinets, and other work areas, is subject to inspection by personnel of any member of the Company Group at any time with or without notice. Section 4. Disclosure of Agreement . As long as it remains in effect, I will disclose the existence of this Non-Interference Agreement to any prospective employer, partner, co-venturer, investor, or lender prior to entering into an employment, partnership, or other business relationship with such person or entity. Section 5. Restrictions on Interfering . (a) Non-Competition . During the period of my employment with the Company (the “ Employment Period ”) and the Post-Termination Non-Compete Period, I shall not, directly or indirectly, individually or on behalf of any person, company, enterprise, or entity, or as a sole proprietor, partner, stockholder, director, officer, principal, agent, or executive, or in any other capacity or relationship, engage in any Competitive Activities in any jurisdiction in which the Company Group is engaged in (or has demonstrable plans to commence) business activities. . (b) Non-Interference . During the Employment Period and the Post- Termination Non-Interference Period, I shall not, directly or indirectly for my own account or for the account of any other individual or entity, engage in Interfering Activities. (c) Definitions . For purposes of this Non-Interference Agreement: (i) “ Business Relation ” shall mean any current or prospective client, customer, licensee, or other business relation of the Company Group, or any such relation that was a client, customer, licensee, supplier, or other business relation within the six (6) month period prior to the expiration of the Employment Period, in each case, to whom I provided services, or with whom I transacted business, or whose identity became known to me in connection with my relationship with or employment by the Company. (ii) “ Competitive Activities ” shall mean any business activity that is competitive with the then-current or demonstrably planned business activities of the Company Group. (iii) “ Interfering Activities ” shall mean (A) encouraging, soliciting, or inducing, or in any manner attempting to encourage, solicit, or induce, any Person employed by, or providing consulting services to, any member of the Company Group to terminate such Person’s employment or services (or in the case of a consultant, materially reducing such services) with the Company Group; (B) hiring any individual who was employed by the Company Group within the six (6) month period prior to the date of such hiring and with whom I had contact with during the Employment Period within the six (6) month period prior to the date of such hiring; or (C) encouraging, soliciting, or inducing, or in any manner attempting to encourage, solicit, or induce, any Business Relation to cease doing business with or reduce the amount of business conducted with the Company Group, or in any way interfering with the relationship between any such Business Relation and the Company Group. “ Person ” shall mean any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint‑stock company, trust (charitable or non-charitable), unincorporated organization, or other form of business entity. (iv) (v) “ Post-Termination Non-Compete Period ” shall mean the period commencing on the date of the termination of the Employment Period for any reason and ending on the six (6) month anniversary of such date of termination. “ Post-Termination Non-Interference Period ” shall mean the period commencing on the date of the termination of the Employment Period for any reason and ending on the twelve (12) month anniversary of such date of termination. (vi) (d) Non-Disparagement . I agree that during the Employment Period, and at all times thereafter, I will not make any disparaging or defamatory comments regarding any member of the Company Group or its respective current or former directors, officers, or employees in any respect or make any comments concerning any aspect of my relationship with any member of the Company Group or any conduct or events which precipitated any termination of my employment from any member of the Company Group. However, my obligations under this subparagraph (d) shall not apply to disclosures required by applicable law, regulation, or order of a court or governmental agency. Section 6. Reasonableness of Restrictions . I acknowledge and recognize the highly competitive nature of the Company’s business, that access to Confidential Information renders me special and unique within the Company’s industry, and that I will have the opportunity to develop substantial relationships with existing and prospective clients, accounts, customers, consultants, contractors, investors, and strategic partners of the Company Group during the course of and as a result of my employment with the Company. In light of the foregoing, I recognize and acknowledge that the restrictions and limitations set forth in this Non-Interference Agreement are reasonable and valid in geographical and temporal scope and in all other respects and are essential to protect the value of the business and assets of the Company Group. I acknowledge further that the restrictions and limitations set forth in this Non- Interference Agreement will not materially interfere with my ability to earn a living following the termination of my employment with the Company and that my ability to earn a livelihood without violating such restrictions is a material condition to my employment with the Company. Section 7. Independence; Severability; Blue Pencil . Each of the rights enumerated in this Non-Interference Agreement shall be independent of the others and shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any other rights and remedies available to the Company Group at law or in equity. If any of the provisions of this Non-Interference Agreement or any part of any of them is hereafter construed or adjudicated to be invalid or unenforceable, the same shall not affect the remainder of this Non-Interference Agreement, which shall be given full effect without regard to the invalid portions. If any of the covenants contained herein are held to be invalid or unenforceable because of the duration of such provisions or the area or scope covered thereby, I agree that the court making such determination shall have the power to reduce the duration, scope, and/or area of such provision to the maximum and/or broadest duration, scope, and/or area permissible by law, and in its reduced form said provision shall then be enforceable. Section 8. Injunctive Relief . I expressly acknowledge that any breach or threatened breach of any of the terms and/or conditions set forth in this Non-Interference Agreement may result in substantial, continuing, and irreparable injury to the members of the Company Group. Therefore, I hereby agree that, in addition to any other remedy that may be available to the Company, any member of the Company Group shall be entitled to seek injunctive relief, specific performance, or other equitable relief by a court of appropriate jurisdiction in the event of any breach or threatened breach of the terms of this Non-Interference Agreement without the necessity of proving irreparable harm or injury as a result of such breach or threatened breach. Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary, I acknowledge and agree that the Post-Termination Non-Compete Period, or Post-Termination Non- Interference Period, as applicable, shall be tolled during any period of violation of any of the covenants in Section 5 hereof and during any other period required for litigation during which the Company or any other member of the Company Group seeks to enforce such covenants against me if it is ultimately determined that I was in breach of such covenants. Section 9. Cooperation . I agree that, following any termination of my employment, I will continue to provide reasonable cooperation to the Company and/or any other member of the Company Group and its or their respective counsel in connection with any investigation, administrative proceeding, or litigation relating to any matter that occurred during my employment in which I was involved or of which I have knowledge. As a condition of such cooperation, the Company shall reimburse me for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred at the request of the Company with respect to my compliance with this paragraph. I also agree that, in the event that I am subpoenaed by any person or entity (including, but not limited to, any government agency) to give testimony or provide documents (in a deposition, court proceeding, or otherwise) that in any way relates to my employment by the Company and/or any other member of the Company Group, I will give prompt notice of such request to the Company and will make no disclosure until the Company and/or the other member of the Company Group has had a reasonable opportunity to contest the right of the requesting person or entity to such disclosure. Section 10. General Provisions . (a) Governing Law and Jurisdiction . EXCEPT WHERE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW, THE VALIDITY, INTERPRETATION, CONSTRUCTION, AND PERFORMANCE OF THIS NON-INTERFERENCE AGREEMENT IS GOVERNED BY AND IS TO BE CONSTRUED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF COLORADO APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN THAT STATE, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES. FURTHER, I HEREBY WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN CONNECTION WITH ANY SUIT, ACTION, OR PROCEEDING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NON-INTERFERENCE AGREEMENT. (b) Entire Agreement . This Non-Interference Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding between the Company and me relating to the subject matter herein and merges all prior discussions between us. No modification or amendment to this Non- Interference Agreement, nor any waiver of any rights under this Non-Interference Agreement, will be effective unless in writing signed by the party to be charged. Any subsequent change or changes in my duties, obligations, rights, or compensation will not affect the validity or scope of this Non- Interference Agreement. (c) No Right of Continued Employment . I acknowledge and agree that nothing contained herein shall be construed as granting me any right to continued employment by the Company, and the right of the Company to terminate my employment at any time and for any reason, with or without cause, is specifically reserved. (d) Successors and Assigns . This Non-Interference Agreement will be binding upon my heirs, executors, administrators, and other legal representatives and will be for the benefit of the Company, its successors, and its assigns. I expressly acknowledge and agree that this Non-Interference Agreement may be assigned by the Company without my consent to any other member of the Company Group as well as any purchaser of all or substantially all of the assets or stock of the Company, whether by purchase, merger, or other similar corporate transaction, provided that the license granted pursuant to Section 2(a) may be assigned to any third party by the Company without my consent. Survival . The provisions of this Non-Interference Agreement shall survive the termination of my employment with the Company and/or the assignment of this Non- Interference Agreement by the Company to any successor in interest or other assignee. (e) * * * I, Lindsey Rolfe, have executed this Confidentiality, Non-Interference, and Invention Assignment Agreement on the respective date set forth below: Date:February 27, 2019 /s/ Lindsey Rolfe (Signature) Dr. Lindsey Rolfe (Type/Print Name) SCHEDULE A LIST OF PRIOR DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGINAL WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP EXCLUDED FROM SECTION 2 Title Date Identifying Number or Brief Description __X __ No Developments or improvements _____ Additional Sheets Attached Signature of Employee: /s/ Lindsey Rolfe_ _________ Print Name of Employee: Dr. Lindsey Rolfe Date: February 27, 2019 {W0833408 JBG} CLOVIS ONCOLOGY UK LIMITED Confidential Information, Invention Assignment and Non-Solicitation Agreement This CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION, INVENTION ASSIGNMENT AND NON-SOLICITATION AGREEMENT (“ Agreement ”) is made and entered into effective this 23rd day of May, 2017, by and between Dr. Lindsey Rolfe (“ Employee ”) and CLOVIS ONCOLOGY UK LIMITED. (“ Clovis ” or “ Company ”). This Agreement is intended to supersede and replace all other agreements relating to the subject matter of this Agreement that may exist between Employee and Clovis. Employee and Clovis may be collectively referred to in this Agreement as the “ Parties .” INTRODUCTION A. Clovis is a biotechnology company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, Europe and throughout the world. These activities, together with all other activities that Clovis may conduct in the future during the period that Employee is employed by the Company, are referred to in this Agreement as the “ Company’s Business .” B. In developing and carrying out the Company’s Business, Clovis has generated, developed and acquired a great deal of confidential and proprietary information which is of significant value to the Company. Clovis has also established and developed valuable relationships with a number of important customers and vendors throughout the world and has acquired valuable and confidential information relating to these customers and vendors. In addition, Clovis has recruited and trained a highly skilled work force and has acquired confidential information regarding the skills, experience, expertise and compensation levels of its employees and consultants which is of significant value to the Company. Clovis has expended considerable time, effort, money and other resources in generating, developing and acquiring this valuable confidential and proprietary information and such information gives the Company competitive advantages over other entities involved in the research, design, development, testing, marketing and sale of anti-cancer agents and oncology compounds. The unauthorized disclosure of Clovis’s confidential and proprietary information to third parties, or the unauthorized use of such information by third parties, could significantly damage the Company and seriously jeopardize the competitive advantages it now enjoys over its competitors. It is thus Clovis’s intention and desire to protect and maintain the confidentiality of its confidential and proprietary information and to make sure that such information is used and disclosed only to the extent necessary to develop and carry out the Company’s Business. C. Employee desires to become an employee of Clovis, or, if already an employee, desires to continue his/her present employment with the Company. By virtue of Employee’s position with Clovis, Employee has acquired and/or will from time to time in the future acquire knowledge of confidential and proprietary information relating to the Company’s Business, its customers, vendors, employees and consultants. Employee understands and acknowledges that this confidential and proprietary information is of significant value to Clovis and that the Company has expended considerable time, effort, money and other resources in generating, developing and acquiring this information. Employee further understands and acknowledges that the unauthorized disclosure or use of Clovis’s confidential and proprietary information would be susceptible to immediate competitive application by a competitor of Clovis and could significantly harm the Company. D. Clovis wishes to employ Employee, or if already employed, wishes to continue the employment of Employee but only if such employment can be maintained in a manner consistent with the 11 protection of the Company’s confidential and proprietary information. The Parties thus desire to provide for the protection of Clovis’s confidential and proprietary information and are entering into this Agreement to accomplish that objective. AGREEMENT As part of and as a condition to Employee’s continued employment with Clovis, Employee agrees to the confidentiality, invention assignment and non-solicitation provisions set forth below: 1. Protection of Trade Secrets and Confidential Information . techniques, research results, manufacturing protocols, “Confidential Information” means all a. Definition of “Confidential Information.” nonpublic information concerning the Company’s Business, including, but not limited to, trade secrets used, developed, or acquired by Clovis in connection with the Company’s Business. The Confidential Information includes nonpublic technical information used, developed or acquired by Clovis including know-how, memoranda, notes, records, designs, specifications, research and development information, processes, materials, apparatus, compilations, programs, formulae, source code information or product samples; nonpublic information concerning the manner and details of Clovis’s operation, organization and management; nonpublic financial information including business projections, corporate strategic plans, financial structure and status, marketing strategy, marketing data, sales information, sales strategy and pricing data; nonpublic policies, procedures and other printed, written or computerized material generated or used in connection with the Company’s Business; nonpublic forms, contracts and other documents used in the Company’s Business; nonpublic information concerning Clovis’s customers and prospective customers including the identities of such customers, the identities of the representatives of such customers with whom Clovis deals, the details of Clovis’s relationship with such customers, the needs and preferences of such customers, the prices and fees charged to such customers, and the products purchased by such customers; nonpublic information concerning Clovis’s suppliers and contractors, including the identities of such suppliers and contractors, the identities of the representatives of the suppliers and contractors with whom Clovis deals, and the details of Clovis’s relationship with such suppliers and contractors; nonpublic information concerning Clovis’s employees and consultants, including the identities of such employees and consultants, the skills and expertise of such employees and consultants, the positions held and the work performed by such employees and consultants, and the terms and conditions of Clovis’s employment relationships with such employees and consultants, including the compensation paid to such employees and consultants; the nature and content of computer software and hardware used in the Company’s Business, whether proprietary to Clovis or used by Clovis under license from a third party; and all other nonpublic information concerning Clovis’s concepts, prospects, customers, suppliers, contractors, employees, consultants, earnings, products, services, equipment, systems, and/or prospective and executed contracts and other business arrangements. b. Employee’s Use and Disclosure of Confidential Information. Except in connection with and in furtherance of Employee’s work on Clovis’s behalf, Employee shall not , without Clovis’s prior written consent, at any time, directly or indirectly, use, disclose or otherwise communicate any Confidential Information to any person or entity. c. Records Containing Confidential Information. All documents or other records (in whatever medium recorded, including computerized and electronic records) containing Confidential Information (“ Confidential Documents ”) prepared by or provided to the Employee are and shall remain the sole property of Clovis. Except with Clovis’s prior written consent, Employee shall not copy or use any Confidential Document for any purpose not directly relating 12 to Employee’s work on Clovis’s behalf, or use, disclose or sell any Confidential Document to any person or entity other than Clovis. Upon the termination of Employee’s employment relationship or association with Clovis or upon Clovis’s request, Employee shall immediately deliver to Clovis or its designee (and shall not keep in Employee’s possession or deliver to anyone else) all Confidential Documents (including all copies) and all other property belonging to Clovis. In the event Employee fails or refuses to return all property belonging to Clovis upon the Company’s request, Employee authorizes Clovis to withhold from any sums owed to Employee (including unpaid compensation) the value or replacement cost of any property of Clovis in Employee’s control or possession. This right to withhold any sums owed to Employee is in addition to all other rights available to Clovis. d. Confidential Information Belonging to Employee’s Former Employers. Employee shall not , during his/her employment or association with Clovis, improperly use or disclose any proprietary information or trade secrets belonging to any former employer or any third party to whom Employee owes a duty of nondisclosure. 2. Inventions . a. Disclosure. Upon Clovis’s request, Employee shall promptly disclose in writing to the President of the Company, or his designee, all information, ideas, observations, data and records arising out of or obtained in the course of Employee’s work with Clovis, and all those discoveries, inventions, devices, machines, processes, designs, composition of matter and improvements to any of the foregoing, that Employee learns of, conceives, develops or creates alone or with others during the term of Employee’s employment (whether or not conceived, developed or created during work hours) that directly or indirectly arise from or relate to: (i) the Company’s Business; (ii) work performed for Clovis by the Employee or any other Clovis employee; (iii) the use of Clovis’s property or time; or (iv) access to Clovis’s Confidential Information and/or Confidential Documents. without further consideration, b. Assignment. Employee assigns to Clovis, entire right to any concept, idea or invention described in the preceding subparagraph, which shall be the sole and exclusive property of Clovis whether or not subject to patent, copyright, trademark or trade secret protection under applicable law (“Assignable Inventions”). Employee also acknowledges that all original works of authorship which are made by Employee (solely or jointly with others), within the scope of Employee’s employment, and which are protectable by copyright, are “works made for hire,” as that term is defined in the United States Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. § 101). To the extent any such works, by operation of law, cannot be “works made for hire,” Employee assigns to Clovis all right, title, and interest in and to such works and to any related copyrights. Employee’s c. Assistance in Protecting the Assignable Inventions. Employee agrees to assist Clovis, upon Clovis’s request and at its expense, during or after Employee’s employment, in every reasonable way, to obtain for Clovis’s own benefit, patents, trademarks, copyrights, mask work rights or other proprietary rights for the Assignable Inventions in any and all countries. Employee further agrees to execute such papers and perform such lawful acts as Clovis deems to be necessary to allow it to exercise all rights, title, and interest in such patents, trademarks, copyrights, and mask work rights, including executing, acknowledging, and/or delivering to the Company upon request and at its expense, applications for and assignments of the Assignable Inventions, and patents, trademarks, copyrights and mask work rights to be issued therefor, in any and all countries, and to vest title thereto in Clovis or its nominee. 13 d. Prior Inventions. Clovis and Employee understand and agree that all inventions made by Employee prior to Employee’s employment with Clovis are excluded from the scope of this Agreement. To eliminate any possibility of uncertainty, Employee has set forth on Schedule A attached hereto a complete list of all of Employee’s prior inventions which are not the property of a previous employer, including the identification of all patents and patent applications, copyright, trademark and mask work registrations, unregistered inventions. Employee represents and promises that the list is complete and that, if an item is not on the list, Employee claims no right in such prior invention. Employee agrees to notify Clovis in writing before making any disclosure or performing any work on behalf of the Company which uses or appears to threaten or conflict with proprietary rights that Employee claims in any invention. In the event Employee fails to give such notice, Employee agrees that Employee will not make any claim against the Company with respect to any such inventions. description of and a brief all 3. No Competing Employment While Employed By Clovis . During the period of Employee’s employment with Clovis, Employee shall not engage, directly or indirectly, in any activities that compete with or conflict with the Company’s Business without Clovis’s prior written consent. 4. Non-Solicitation and Non-Interference . During the period of Employee’s employment with Clovis and for the 12-month period immediately following the termination of Employee’s employment relationship with Clovis, Employee shall not do any of the following without Clovis’s prior written consent: a. Directly or indirectly suggest, solicit, assist or encourage any employee, contractor or consultant of Clovis to terminate their employment, contractor or consulting relationship with the Company. b. Directly or indirectly recruit, solicit for employment or attempt to hire any person who was employed by Clovis at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the termination of Employee’s employment relationship with Clovis to work for any person, firm or entity of or for which Employee is an officer, director, employee, consultant, independent contractor or owner of equity or other financial interest. c. Directly or indirectly assist any other person or entity in employing or soliciting for employment any employee or consultant of Clovis. d. Interfere or attempt to interfere with any project, transaction, agreement or business relationship in which Clovis was involved at any time during the period that Employee was employed by Clovis. e. Directly or indirectly request or advise any past or present client, customer, contractor, vendor or investor of Clovis to withdraw, curtail, cancel, or not undertake a contractual or business relationship with Clovis. 5. Survival. Employee’s employment relationship or association with Clovis. Employee’s obligations under this Agreement shall survive the termination of 6. Remedies . Employee acknowledges that upon a breach of any obligation under this Agreement, Clovis may suffer immediate and irreparable harm and damage for which money alone cannot fully compensate Clovis. Employee therefore agrees that upon any breach or threat of imminent breach of any obligation under this Agreement, Clovis shall be entitled to, in addition to any and all remedies at law (including monetary damages), the right to a restraining order, injunction, specific performance or other equitable relief, without posting any bond or other security, to prevent the violation of Employee's obligations under this Agreement. 14 7. Status of Employment Relationship . Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as impairing or affecting the “at will” employment relationship between the Parties. This means that unless Employee enters into a written employment agreement with Clovis that provides otherwise, either Employee or Clovis may terminate their employment relationship at any time for any lawful reason. Employee understands and agrees that his/her obligations under this Agreement shall continue whether or not Employee's employment relationship with Clovis is terminated voluntarily or involuntarily with or without any reason. 8. Miscellaneous . (a) Heirs and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon Employee’s heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives, shall inure to the benefit of Clovis, its successors or assigns, and shall be freely assignable by Clovis, but not by Employee. (b) Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Colorado, irrespective of the choice of law rules of any jurisdiction. (c) Severability. If any court of competent jurisdiction declares any provision of this Agreement invalid or unenforceable, that invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision or application of this Agreement that can be given effect without the invalid or unenforceable provision or application. (d) Disputes. Any action arising from or relating in any way to this Agreement shall be brought in courts located within the State of Colorado and the Parties hereby consent to the exercise of personal jurisdiction by such courts. (e) Opportunity to Consult with Legal Counsel. Employee acknowledges that he/she has been encouraged and given the opportunity by the Company to consult with an attorney of his/her own choice and at his/her own expense regarding the terms and legal effect of this Agreement. I Have Read This Agreement Carefully, Understand All of Its Provisions, and Agree to be Fully Bound by this Agreement. EMPLOYEE: Signature: /s/ Lindsey Rolfe_ _________________ Print Name: Dr. Lindsey Rolfe ________________ Date: ____23 May 2017_______________ _ Address: _________________________________ _________________________________ CLOVIS ONCOLOGY UK LIMITED By: Paul Gross_ _______________________________ Its: Director__ ________________________________ Date: 23 May 2017____________________ ____ 15 SCHEDULE A List of Prior Inventions and Original Works of Authorship Excluded from Assignment to Clovis Pursuant to Section 2.d of Confidential Information Agreement Title of Invention or Work Date Identifying Number or Brief Description of Invention or Work _X_ No inventions or improvements ___ Additional Sheets Attached Signature of Employee/Consultant: /s/ Lindsey Rolfe ________ Date: 23 May 2017 Print Name of Employee/Consultant: Dr. Lindsey Rolfe_ _____ {W0833408 JBG} EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.38 This EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of this 6 day of July 2017, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and Paul Gross (the “ Employee ”). th W I T N E S S E T H : WHEREAS, Employee is currently employed by the Company as its Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer; and WHEREAS, the Company desires to continue to employ Employee and to enter into this Agreement embodying the terms of such employment, and Employee desires to enter into this Agreement and to accept such continued employment, subject to the terms and provisions of this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are mutually acknowledged, the Company and Employee hereby agree as follows: Section 1. Definitions . (a) “ Accounting Firm ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(b) hereof. (b) “ Accrued Obligations ” shall mean (i) all accrued but unpaid Base Salary through the date of termination of Employee’s employment, (ii) any unpaid or unreimbursed expenses incurred prior to the date of termination in accordance with Section 7 hereof, and (iii) any benefits provided under the Company’s employee benefit plans upon a termination of employment (excluding any employee benefit plan providing for severance or similar benefits), in accordance with the terms contained therein. (c) “ Agreement ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto. (d) “ Annual Bonus ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(b) hereof. (e) “ Base Salary ” shall mean the salary provided for in Section 4(a) hereof or any increased salary granted to Employee pursuant to Section 4(a) hereof. (f) “ Board ” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company. (g) “ Change in Control ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Stock Incentive Plan. (h) “ Code ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. (i) “ Company ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto. (j) “ Company Group ” shall mean the Company together with any direct or indirect subsidiaries of the Company. (k) “ Compensation Committee ” shall mean the committee of the Board designated to make compensation decisions relating to senior executive officers of the Company Group. Prior to any time that such a committee has been designated, the Board shall be deemed the Compensation Committee for purposes of this Agreement. (l) “ Delay Period ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13 hereof. (m) “ Disability ” shall mean any physical or mental disability or infirmity of Employee that prevents the performance of Employee’s duties for a period of (i) ninety (90) consecutive days or (ii) one hundred twenty (120) non-consecutive days during any twelve (12) month period. Any question as to the existence, extent, or potentiality of Employee’s Disability upon which Employee and the Company cannot agree shall be determined by a qualified, independent physician selected by the Company and approved by Employee (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld). The determination of any such physician shall be final and conclusive for all purposes of this Agreement. (n) “ Employee ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto. (o) “ Excess Payment ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 13(b) below. (p) “ Excise Tax ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(b) hereof. (q) “ Good Reason ” shall mean, without Employee’s consent, (i) a material diminution in Employee’s title, duties, or responsibilities as set forth in Section 3 hereof such that Employee is no longer serving in a senior executive capacity for the Company, (ii) a material reduction in Base Salary set forth in Section 4(a) hereof or Annual Bonus opportunity set forth in Section 4(b) hereof (other than pursuant to an across-the-board reduction applicable to all similarly situated executives), (iii) the relocation of Employee’s principal place of employment (as provided in Section 3(c) hereof) more than fifty (50) miles from its current location, or (iv) any other material breach of a provision of this Agreement by the Company (other than a provision that is covered by clause (i), (ii), or (iii) above). Employee acknowledges and agrees that his exclusive remedy in the event of any breach of this Agreement shall be to assert Good Reason pursuant to the terms and conditions of Section 8(e) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, during the Term, in the event that the Company reasonably believes that Employee may have engaged in conduct that could constitute Just Cause hereunder, the Company may, in its sole and absolute discretion, suspend Employee for up to sixty (60) days from performing his duties hereunder, and in no event shall any such suspension constitute an event pursuant to which Employee may terminate employment with Good Reason or otherwise constitute a breach hereunder; provided , that no such suspension shall alter the Company’s obligations under this Agreement during such period of suspension. -2- (r) “ Gross-Up Payment ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 13(b) below. (s) “ Just Cause ” shall mean that the Company, acting in good faith based upon the information then known to it, determines that (i) Employee has committed or engaged in negligent or willful conduct that is likely to be detrimental to the Company or any member of the Company Group; (ii) Employee has engaged in acts which constitute theft, fraud, or other illegal or dishonest conduct which are considered to be harmful to the Company or any member of the Company Group as determined by the majority vote of its Board; (iii) Employee has willfully disobeyed the reasonable and lawful directives of any superior officer or the Board; (iv) Employee has refused or is unwilling to perform his job duties; (v) Employee has failed adequately to perform his job duties; (vi) Employee has demonstrated habitual absenteeism; (vii) Employee is substantially dependent on alcohol or any controlled substance or violates any general Company policy with regard to alcohol or controlled substances; (viii) Employee has engaged in acts which constitute sexual or other forms of illegal harassment or discrimination; (ix) Employee makes public remarks that disparage the Company, the Board, or its officers, directors, advisors, employees, affiliates or subsidiaries; (x) Employee violates his fiduciary duty to the Company, or his duty of loyalty to the Company; (xi) Employee materially breaches any term of this Agreement or the Non-Interference Agreement. The Parties acknowledge that this definition of “Just Cause” in not intended and does not apply to any aspect of the relationship between the Company and Employee beyond determining Employee’s eligibility for severance pay pursuant to Section 8 below. (t) “ Non-Interference Agreement ” shall mean the Confidentiality, Non-Interference, and Invention Assignment Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A . (u) “ Parachute Payments ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(b) hereof. (v) “ Parachute Tax ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 13(b) below. (w) “ Person ” shall mean any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust (charitable or non-charitable), unincorporated organization, or other form of business entity. (x) “ Release of Claims ” shall mean the Release of Claims in substantially the same form attached hereto as Exhibit B (as the same may be revised from time to time by the Company upon the advice of counsel to reflect changes in law). (y) “ Severance Benefits ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8(g) hereof. (z) “ Severance Term ” shall mean the six (6) month period following Employee’s termination by the Company without Just Cause (other than by reason of death or Disability) or by Employee for Good Reason; provided , that if such termination occurs within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, the Severance Term shall be the twelve (12) month period following such termination. -3- (aa) “ Stock Incentive Plan ” shall mean the Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, as the same may be amended and/or restated from time to time. (bb) “ Target Bonus ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(b) hereof. (cc) “ Term ” shall mean the period specified in Section 2 hereof. (dd) “ Underpayment ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 13(b) below. Section 2. Acceptance and Term . The Company agrees to employ Employee, and Employee agrees to serve the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth herein. The Term shall commence on the date hereof and shall continue until terminated in accordance with Section 8 hereof. Section 3. Position, Duties, and Responsibilities; Place of Performance. (a) Position, Duties, and Responsibilities . During the Term, Employee shall be employed and serve as the Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer of the Company (together with such other position or positions consistent with Employee’s title as the Board shall specify from time to time) and shall have such duties and responsibilities commensurate with such title. Employee also agrees to serve as an officer and/or director of any other member of the Company Group, in each case without additional compensation. During the Term, Employee shall report to the Chief Executive Officer. (b) Performance . Employee shall devote his full business time, attention, skill, and best efforts to the performance of his duties under this Agreement and shall not engage in any other business or occupation during the Term, including, without limitation, any activity that (x) conflicts with the interests of the Company or any other member of the Company Group, (y) interferes with the proper and efficient performance of Employee’s duties for the Company, or (z) interferes with Employee’s exercise of judgment in the Company’s best interests. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall preclude Employee from (i) serving, with the prior written consent of the Board, as a member of the boards of directors or advisory boards (or their equivalents in the case of a non-corporate entity) of non- competing businesses and charitable organizations, (ii) engaging in charitable activities and community affairs, and (iii) managing his personal investments and affairs; provided , however , that the activities set out in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) shall be limited by Employee so as not to materially interfere, individually or in the aggregate, with the performance of his duties and responsibilities hereunder. (c) Principal Place of Employment . Employee’s principal place of employment shall be in Boulder, Colorado, although Employee understands and agrees that he may be required to travel from time to time for business reasons. -4- Section 4. Compensation . During the Term, Employee shall be entitled to the following compensation: (a) Base Salary . Employee shall be paid an annualized Base Salary, payable in accordance with the regular payroll practices of the Company, of not less than $400,000, with increases, if any, as may be approved in writing by the Compensation Committee. (b) Annual Bonus . Employee shall be eligible for an annual incentive bonus award determined by the Compensation Committee in respect of each fiscal year during the Term (the “ Annual Bonus ”). The target Annual Bonus for each fiscal year shall be 40% of Base Salary (the “ Target Bonus ”), with the actual Annual Bonus payable being based upon the level of achievement of annual Company and individual performance objectives for such fiscal year, as determined by the Compensation Committee and communicated to Employee. The Annual Bonus shall be paid to Employee at the same time as annual bonuses are generally payable to other senior executives of the Company subject to Employee’s continuous employment through the payment date. Section 5. Employee Benefits . During the Term, Employee shall be entitled to participate in health, insurance, retirement, and other benefits provided generally to similarly situated employees of the Company. Employee shall also be entitled to the same number of holidays, vacation days, and sick days, as well as any other benefits, in each case as are generally allowed to similarly situated employees of the Company in accordance with the Company policy as in effect from time to time. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to limit the Company’s ability to amend, suspend, or terminate any employee benefit plan or policy at any time without providing Employee notice, and the right to do so is expressly reserved. Section 6. Key-Man Insurance . At any time during the Term, the Company shall have the right to insure the life of Employee for the sole benefit of the Company, in such amounts, and with such terms, as it may determine. All premiums payable thereon shall be the obligation of the Company. Employee shall have no interest in any such policy, but agrees to cooperate with the Company in procuring such insurance by submitting to physical examinations, supplying all information required by the insurance company, and executing all necessary documents, provided that no financial obligation is imposed on Employee by any such documents. Section 7. Reimbursement of Business Expenses . During the Term, the Company shall pay (or promptly reimburse Employee) for documented, out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by Employee in the course of performing his duties and responsibilities hereunder, which are consistent with the Company’s policies in effect from time to time with respect to business expenses, subject to the Company’s requirements with respect to reporting of such expenses. -5- Section 8. Termination of Employment. (a) General . The Term shall terminate upon the earliest to occur of (i) Employee’s death, (ii) a termination by reason of a Disability, (iii) a termination by the Company with or without Just Cause, and (iv) a termination by Employee with or without Good Reason. Upon any termination of Employee’s employment for any reason, except as may otherwise be requested by the Company in writing and agreed upon in writing by Employee, Employee shall be deemed to have resigned from any and all directorships, committee memberships, and any other positions Employee holds with the Company or any other member of the Company Group and hereby agrees to execute any documents that the Company (or any member of the Company Group) determines necessary to effectuate such resignations. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the payment (or commencement of a series of payments) hereunder of any nonqualified deferred compensation (within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code) upon a termination of employment shall be delayed until such time as Employee has also undergone a “separation from service” as defined in Treas. Reg. 1.409A-1(h), at which time such nonqualified deferred compensation (calculated as of the date of Employee’s termination of employment hereunder) shall be paid (or commence to be paid) to Employee on the schedule set forth in this Section 8 as if Employee had undergone such termination of employment (under the same circumstances) on the date of his ultimate “separation from service.” (b) Termination Due to Death or Disability . Employee’s employment shall terminate automatically upon his death. The Company may terminate Employee’s employment immediately upon the occurrence of a Disability, such termination to be effective upon Employee’s receipt of written notice of such termination. Upon Employee’s death or in the event that Employee’s employment is terminated due to his Disability, Employee or his estate or his beneficiaries, as the case may be, shall be entitled to: (i) The Accrued Obligations; and (ii) Any unpaid Annual Bonus in respect of any completed fiscal year that has ended prior to the date of such termination, which amount shall be paid at such time annual bonuses are paid to other senior executives of the Company, but in no event later than the date that is 2½ months following the last day of the fiscal year in which such termination occurred. Following Employee’s death or a termination of Employee’s employment by reason of a Disability, except as set forth in this Section 8(b), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. (c) Termination by the Company with Just Cause . (i) The Company may terminate Employee’s employment at any time with Just Cause, effective upon Employee’s receipt of written notice of such termination; provided , however , that with respect to any Just Cause termination relying on clause (iv) or (v) of the definition of Just Cause set forth in Section 1(r) hereof, to the extent that such act or acts or failure or failures to act are curable, Employee shall be given not less than ten (10) days’ written -6- notice by the Board of the Company’s intention to terminate him for Just Cause, such notice to state in detail the particular act or acts or failure or failures to act that constitute the grounds on which the proposed termination for Just Cause is based, and such termination shall be effective at the expiration of such ten (10) day notice period unless Employee has fully cured such act or acts or failure or failures to act that give rise to Just Cause during such period. (ii) In the event that the Company terminates Employee’s employment with Just Cause, he shall be entitled only to the Accrued Obligations. Following such termination of Employee’s employment with Just Cause, except as set forth in this Section 8(c)(ii), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. (d) Termination by the Company without Just Cause . The Company may terminate Employee’s employment at any time without Just Cause, effective upon Employee’s receipt of written notice of such termination. In the event that Employee’s employment is terminated by the Company without Just Cause (other than due to death or Disability), Employee shall be entitled to: (i) The Accrued Obligations; (ii) Any unpaid Annual Bonus in respect of any completed fiscal year that has ended prior to the date of such termination, which amount shall be paid at such time annual bonuses are paid to other senior executives of the Company, but in no event later than the date that is 2½ months following the last day of the fiscal year in which such termination occurred; accordance with the Company’s regular payroll practices; (iii) Continued payment of Base Salary during the Severance Term, payable in (iv) Subject to Employee’s election of COBRA continuation coverage under the Company’s group health plan, on the first regularly scheduled payroll date of each month of the Severance Term, the Company will pay Employee an amount equal to the “applicable percentage” of the monthly COBRA premium cost (which, for purposes hereof, shall be the percentage of Employee’s health care premium costs covered by the Company as of the date of termination); provided , that the payments pursuant to this clause (iv) shall cease earlier than the expiration of the Severance Term in the event that Employee becomes eligible to receive any health benefits, including through a spouse’s employer, during the Severance Term; and following a Change in Control: (v) In the event that such termination occurs within twelve (12) months (A) accelerated vesting of all of Employee’s stock options and other equity-based awards and continued exercisability of Employee’s stock options in accordance with the terms of the plan document governing such awards; and monthly installments during the Severance Term. (B) an amount equal to the Target Bonus, payable in substantially equal -7- Notwithstanding the foregoing, the payments and benefits described in clauses (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v) above shall immediately terminate, and the Company shall have no further obligations to Employee with respect thereto, in the event that Employee breaches any provision of the Non-Interference Agreement. Following such termination of Employee’s employment by the Company without Just Cause, except as set forth in this Section 8(d), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, Employee’s sole and exclusive remedy upon a termination of employment by the Company without Just Cause shall be receipt of the Severance Benefits. (e) Termination by Employee with Good Reason . Employee may terminate his employment with Good Reason by providing the Company ten (10) days’ written notice setting forth in reasonable specificity the event that constitutes Good Reason, which written notice, to be effective, must be provided to the Company within sixty (60) days of the occurrence of such event. During such ten (10) day notice period, the Company shall have a cure right (if curable), and if not cured within such period, Employee’s termination will be effective upon the expiration of such cure period, and Employee shall be entitled to the same payments and benefits as provided in Section 8(d) hereof for a termination by the Company without Just Cause, subject to the same conditions on payment and benefits as described in Section 8(d) hereof. Following such termination of Employee’s employment by Employee with Good Reason, except as set forth in this Section 8(e), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, Employee’s sole and exclusive remedy upon a termination of employment with Good Reason shall be receipt of the Severance Benefits. (f) Termination by Employee without Good Reason . Employee may terminate his employment without Good Reason by providing the Company thirty (30) days’ written notice of such termination. In the event of a termination of employment by Employee under this Section 8(f), Employee shall be entitled only to the Accrued Obligations. In the event of termination of Employee’s employment under this Section 8(f), the Company may, in its sole and absolute discretion, by written notice accelerate such date of termination without changing the characterization of such termination as a termination by Employee without Good Reason. Following such termination of Employee’s employment by Employee without Good Reason, except as set forth in this Section 8(f), Employee shall have no further rights to any compensation or any other benefits under this Agreement. (g) Release . Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, the payment of any amount or provision of any benefit pursuant to subsection (b), (d), or (e) of this Section 8 (other than the Accrued Obligations) (collectively, the “ Severance Benefits ”) shall be conditioned upon Employee’s execution, delivery to the Company, and non-revocation of the Release of Claims (and the expiration of any revocation period contained in such Release of Claims) within sixty (60) days following the date of Employee’s termination of employment hereunder. If Employee fails to execute the Release of Claims in such a timely manner so as to permit any revocation period to expire prior to the end of such sixty (60) day period, or timely revokes his acceptance of such release following its execution, Employee shall not be entitled to any of the Severance Benefits. Further, to the extent that any of the Severance Benefits constitutes “nonqualified deferred compensation” for purposes of Section 409A of the Code, any payment of any amount or provision of any benefit otherwise scheduled to occur prior to the -8- th sixtieth (60 ) day following the date of Employee’s termination of employment hereunder, but for the condition on executing the Release of Claims as set forth herein, shall not be made until the first regularly scheduled payroll date following such sixtieth (60 ) day, after which any remaining Severance Benefits shall thereafter be provided to Employee according to the applicable schedule set forth herein. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event of a termination due to Employee’s death or Disability, Employee’s obligations herein to execute and not revoke the Release of Claims may be satisfied on his behalf by his estate or a person having legal power of attorney over his affairs. th Section 9. Non-Interference Agreement . As a condition of, and prior to commencement of, Employee’s employment with the Company, Employee shall have executed and delivered to the Company the Non-Interference Agreement. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that this Agreement and the Non-Interference Agreement shall be considered separate contracts, and the Non-Interference Agreement will survive the termination of this Agreement for any reason. Section 10. Representations and Warranties of Employee . Employee represents and warrants to the Company that — (a) Employee is entering into this Agreement voluntarily and that his employment hereunder and compliance with the terms and conditions hereof will not conflict with or result in the breach by him of any agreement to which he is a party or by which he may be bound; (b) Employee has not violated, and in connection with his employment with the Company will not violate, any non-solicitation, non-competition, or other similar covenant or agreement of a prior employer by which he is or may be bound; and (c) in connection with his employment with the Company, Employee will not use any confidential or proprietary information he may have obtained in connection with employment with any prior employer. Section 11. Taxes . The Company may withhold from any payments made under this Agreement all applicable taxes, including but not limited to income, employment, and social insurance taxes, as shall be required by law. Employee acknowledges and represents that the Company has not provided any tax advice to him in connection with this Agreement and that he has been advised by the Company to seek tax advice from his own tax advisors regarding this Agreement and payments that may be made to him pursuant to this Agreement, including specifically, the application of the provisions of Section 409A of the Code to such payments. Section 12. Set Off; Mitigation . The Company’s obligation to pay Employee the amounts provided and to make the arrangements provided hereunder shall be subject to set-off, counterclaim, or recoupment of -9- amounts owed by Employee to the Company or its affiliates; provided , however , that to the extent any amount so subject to set-off, counterclaim, or recoupment is payable in installments hereunder, such set- off, counterclaim, or recoupment shall not modify the applicable payment date of any installment, and to the extent an obligation cannot be satisfied by reduction of a single installment payment, any portion not satisfied shall remain an outstanding obligation of Employee and shall be applied to the next installment only at such time the installment is otherwise payable pursuant to the specified payment schedule. Employee shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided pursuant to this Agreement by seeking other employment or otherwise, and except as provided in Section 8(d)(iv) hereof, the amount of any payment provided for pursuant to this Agreement shall not be reduced by any compensation earned as a result of Employee’s other employment or otherwise. Section 13. Additional Tax Provisions . (a) Section 409A Provisions . Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary — (i) Any payment otherwise required to be made hereunder to Employee at any date as a result of the termination of Employee’s employment shall be delayed for such period of time as may be necessary to meet the requirements of Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code (the “ Delay Period ”). On the first business day following the expiration of the Delay Period, Employee shall be paid, in a single cash lump sum, an amount equal to the aggregate amount of all payments delayed pursuant to the preceding sentence, and any remaining payments not so delayed shall continue to be paid pursuant to the payment schedule set forth herein. separate payment for purposes of Section 409A of the Code. (ii) Each payment in a series of payments hereunder shall be deemed to be a (iii) To the extent that any right to reimbursement of expenses or payment of any benefit in-kind under this Agreement constitutes nonqualified deferred compensation (within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code), (i) any such expense reimbursement shall be made by the Company no later than the last day of the taxable year following the taxable year in which such expense was incurred by Employee, (ii) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, and (iii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement or in-kind benefits provided during any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement or in-kind benefits to be provided in any other taxable year; provided , that the foregoing clause shall not be violated with regard to expenses reimbursed under any arrangement covered by Section 105(b) of the Code solely because such expenses are subject to a limit related to the period the arrangement is in effect. (iv) While the payments and benefits provided hereunder are intended to be structured in a manner to avoid the implication of any penalty taxes under Section 409A of the Code, in no event whatsoever shall the Company or any of its affiliates be liable for any additional tax, interest, or penalties that may be imposed on Employee as a result of Section 409A of the Code or any damages for failing to comply with Section 409A of the Code (other -10- than for withholding obligations or other obligations applicable to employers, if any, under Section 409A of the Code). (b) Parachute Payment Gross-Up . If any payment, benefit, or distribution of any type to or for the benefit of Employee, whether paid or payable, provided or to be provided, or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise (collectively, the “ Parachute Payments ”) would subject Employee to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code (the “ Excise Tax ”), the Company will make an additional payment to Employee in an amount (the “ Gross-Up Payment ”) such that, after payment all taxes and any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes (including, without limitation, federal, state, local income, employment, excise and other similar taxes, but excluding any taxes imposed under Section 409A of the Code) (the “ Parachute Tax ”) on both the Parachute Payments and the Gross-Up Payment, Employee will be in the same position as if no Parachute Tax had been imposed; provided , that in no event may the Gross-Up Payment exceed $2,000,000. Any Gross-Up Payment shall be timely paid by the Company on Employee’s behalf directly to the appropriate taxing authorities when due, but in all events no later than the last day of the calendar year after the calendar year in which the Parachute Tax shall be paid. The determinations with respect to this Section 13(b) shall be made by an independent accounting firm selected by the Company and reasonably acceptable to Employee (the “ Accounting Firm ”) paid by the Company. (i) It is possible that, after the determinations and selections made pursuant to Section 13(b), Employee will receive Parachute Payments and Gross-Up Payments that are, in the aggregate, either more or less than the limitations provided in Section 13(b) above (hereafter referred to as an “ Excess Payment ” or “ Underpayment ”, respectively). If it is established, pursuant to a final determination of a court or an Internal Revenue Service proceeding that has been finally and conclusively resolved, that an Excess Payment has been made, then Employee shall refund the Excess Payment to the Company promptly on demand, together with an additional payment in an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying the Excess Payment times the applicable annual federal rate (as determined in and under Section 1274(d) of the Code) times a fraction whose numerator is the number of days elapsed from the date of Employee’s receipt of such Excess Payment through the date of such refund and whose denominator is 365. In the event that it is determined (y) by a court of competent jurisdiction, or (z) by the Accounting Firm upon request by Employee or the Company, that an Underpayment has occurred, the Company shall pay an amount equal to the Underpayment to Employee within ten (10) days of such determination together with an additional payment in an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying the Underpayment times the applicable annual federal rate (as determined in and under Section 1274(d) of the Code) times a fraction whose numerator is the number of days elapsed from the date of the Underpayment through the date of such payment and whose denominator is 365; provided , that in no event shall the sum of (i) the Gross-Up Payment, and (ii) the additional payment pursuant to this sentence, exceed $2,000,000. (ii) Any Gross-Up Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 13(b), shall be paid by the Company and remitted to the relevant tax authorities when such payment is due, provided that in no event shall such payment be made later than the end of your taxable year next following Employee’s taxable year in which the Parachute Tax on a Parachute -11- Payment are remitted to the Internal Revenue Service or any other applicable taxing authority or, in the case of amounts relating to a claim described in Section 13(b)(i) that does not result in the remittance of any federal, state, local and foreign income, excise, social security and other taxes, the calendar year in which the claim is finally settled or otherwise resolved. Section 14. Successors and Assigns; No Third-Party Beneficiaries . (a) The Company . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of the Company and its respective successors and assigns. Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, obligations, or interests arising hereunder may be assigned by the Company to a Person (other than another member of the Company Group, or its or their respective successors) without Employee’s prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed, or conditioned); provided , however , that in the event of a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or any direct or indirect division or subsidiary thereof to which the Employee’s employment primarily relates, the Company may provide that this Agreement will be assigned to, and assumed by, the acquiror of such assets, it being agreed that in such circumstances, Employee’s consent will not be required in connection therewith. (b) Employee . Employee’s rights and obligations under this Agreement shall not be transferable by Employee by assignment or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Company; provided , however , that if Employee shall die, all amounts then payable to Employee hereunder shall be paid in accordance with the terms of this Agreement to Employee’s devisee, legatee, or other designee, or if there be no such designee, to Employee’s estate. (c) No Third-Party Beneficiaries . Except as otherwise set forth in Section 8(b) or Section 14(b) hereof, nothing expressed or referred to in this Agreement will be construed to give any Person other than the Company, the other members of the Company Group, and Employee any legal or equitable right, remedy, or claim under or with respect to this Agreement or any provision of this Agreement. Section 15. Waiver and Amendments . Any waiver, alteration, amendment, or modification of any of the terms of this Agreement shall be valid only if made in writing and signed by each of the parties hereto; provided , however , that any such waiver, alteration, amendment, or modification must be consented to on the Company’s behalf by the Board. No waiver by either of the parties hereto of their rights hereunder shall be deemed to constitute a waiver with respect to any subsequent occurrences or transactions hereunder unless such waiver specifically states that it is to be construed as a continuing waiver. Section 16. Severability. If any covenants or such other provisions of this Agreement are found to be invalid or unenforceable by a final determination of a court of competent jurisdiction, (a) the remaining terms and provisions hereof shall be unimpaired, and (b) the invalid or unenforceable term or provision hereof shall be deemed replaced by a term or provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of the invalid or unenforceable term or provision hereof. -12- Section 17. Governing Law and Jurisdiction. EXCEPT WHERE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW, THE VALIDITY, INTERPRETATION, CONSTRUCTION, AND PERFORMANCE OF THIS AGREEMENT IS GOVERNED BY AND IS TO BE CONSTRUED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF COLORADO APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN THAT STATE, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES. ANY DISPUTE OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR CLAIM OF BREACH HEREOF SHALL BE BROUGHT EXCLUSIVELY IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE 20 JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF COLORADO, TO THE EXTENT FEDERAL JURISDICTION EXISTS, th AND IN ANY COURT SITTING IN COLORADO, BUT ONLY IN THE EVENT FEDERAL JURISDICTION DOES NOT EXIST, AND ANY APPLICABLE APPELLATE COURTS. BY EXECUTION OF THIS AGREEMENT, THE PARTIES HERETO, AND THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES, CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS, AND WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO CHALLENGE JURISDICTION OR VENUE IN SUCH COURT WITH REGARD TO ANY SUIT, ACTION, OR PROCEEDING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT. EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT ALSO HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN CONNECTION WITH ANY SUIT, ACTION, OR PROCEEDING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT. Section 18. Notices. (a) Place of Delivery . Every notice or other communication relating to this Agreement shall be in writing, and shall be mailed to or delivered to the party for whom or which it is intended at such address as may from time to time be designated by it in a notice mailed or delivered to the other party as herein provided; provided , that unless and until some other address be so designated, all notices and communications by Employee to the Company shall be mailed or delivered to the Company at its principal executive office, and all notices and communications by the Company to Employee may be given to Employee personally or may be mailed to Employee at Employee’s last known address, as reflected in the Company’s records. (b) Date of Delivery . Any notice so addressed shall be deemed to be given or received (i) if delivered by hand, on the date of such delivery, (ii) if mailed by courier or by overnight mail, on the first business day following the date of such mailing, and (iii) if mailed by registered or certified mail, on the third business day after the date of such mailing. Section 19. Section Headings. The headings of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute a part thereof or affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement or of any term or provision hereof. Section 20. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with any exhibits attached hereto, constitutes the entire understanding and agreement of the parties hereto regarding the employment of Employee. This Agreement supersedes all prior negotiations, discussions, correspondence, communications, -13- understandings, and agreements between the parties relating to the subject matter of this Agreement. Section 21. Survival of Operative Sections. Upon any termination of Employee’s employment, the provisions of Section 8 through Section 22 of this Agreement (together with any related definitions set forth in Section 1 hereof) shall survive to the extent necessary to give effect to the provisions thereof. Section 22. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The execution of this Agreement may be by actual or facsimile signature. * * * [Signatures to appear on the following page.] -14- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written. CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. /s/ Patrick Mahaffy By: Patrick Mahaffy Title: President and Chief Executive Officer EMPLOYEE /s/ Paul Gross Paul Gross -1- EXHIBIT A CONFIDENTIALITY, NON-INTERFERENCE, AND INVENTION ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT As a condition of my becoming employed by, or continuing employment with, Clovis Oncology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and in consideration of my employment with the Company and my receipt of the compensation now and hereafter paid to me by the Company, I agree to the following: Section 1. Confidential Information . (a) Company Group Information . I acknowledge that, during the course of my employment, I will have access to information about the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, the “ Company Group ”) and that my employment with the Company shall bring me into close contact with confidential and proprietary information of the Company Group. In recognition of the foregoing, I agree, at all times during the term of my employment with the Company and for the ten (10) year period following my termination of my employment for any reason, to hold in confidence, and not to use, except for the benefit of the Company Group, or to disclose to any person, firm, corporation, or other entity without written authorization of the Company, any Confidential Information that I obtain or create. I further agree not to make copies of such Confidential Information except as authorized by the Company. I understand that “ Confidential Information ” means information that the Company Group has developed, acquired, created, compiled, discovered, or owned or will develop, acquire, create, compile, discover, or own, that has value in or to the business of the Company Group that is not generally known and that the Company wishes to maintain as confidential. I understand that Confidential Information includes, but is not limited to, any and all non-public information that relates to the actual or anticipated business and/or products, research, or development of the Company, or to the Company’s technical data, trade secrets, or know-how, including, but not limited to, research, product plans, or other information regarding the Company’s products or services and markets, customer lists, and customers (including, but not limited to, customers of the Company on whom I called or with whom I may become acquainted during the term of my employment), software, developments, inventions, processes, formulas, technology, designs, drawings, engineering, hardware configuration information, marketing, finances, and other business information disclosed by the Company either directly or indirectly in writing, orally, or by drawings or inspection of premises, parts, equipment, or other Company property. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information shall not include (i) any of the foregoing items that have become publicly and widely known through no unauthorized disclosure by me or others who were under confidentiality obligations as to the item or items involved or (ii) any information that I am required to disclose to, or by, any governmental or judicial authority; provided , however , that in such event I will give the Company prompt written notice thereof so that the Company Group may seek an appropriate protective order and/or waive in writing compliance with the confidentiality provisions of this Confidentiality, Non-Interference, and Invention Assignment Agreement (the “ Non-Interference Agreement ”). (b) Former Employer Information . I represent that my performance of all of the terms of this Non-Interference Agreement as an employee of the Company has not breached and will not breach any agreement to keep in confidence proprietary information, knowledge, or data acquired by me in confidence or trust prior or subsequent to the commencement of my employment with the Company, and I will not disclose to any member of the Company Group, or induce any member of the Company Group to use, any developments, or confidential or proprietary information or material I may have obtained in connection with employment with any prior employer in violation of a confidentiality agreement, nondisclosure agreement, or similar agreement with such prior employer. (c) Whistleblower; Defend Trade Secrets Act Disclosure . (i) In addition, I understand that nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prohibit me from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to any governmental agency or regulatory body or making other disclosures that are protected under any law or regulation, or from filing a charge with or participating in any investigation or proceeding conducted by any governmental agency or regulatory body. (ii) I understand that the Defend Trade Secrets Act provides that I may not be held criminally or civilly liable under any Federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that is made in confidence to a Federal, state, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney, and solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or that is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. In the event that I file a lawsuit for retaliation by any member of the Company Group for reporting a suspected violation of law, I may disclose the trade secret to my attorney and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding, if I file any document containing the trade secret under seal and do not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order. Section 2. Developments . (a) Developments Retained and Licensed . I have attached hereto, as Schedule A , a list describing with particularity all developments, original works of authorship, developments, improvements, and trade secrets that I can demonstrate were created or owned by me prior to the commencement of my employment (collectively referred to as “ Prior Developments ”), which belong solely to me or belong to me jointly with another, that relate in any way to any of the actual or proposed businesses, products, or research and development of any member of the Company Group, and that are not assigned to the Company hereunder, or if no such list is attached, I represent that there are no such Prior Developments. If, during any period during which I perform or performed services for the Company Group both before or after the date hereof (the “ Assignment Period ”), whether as an officer, employee, director, independent contractor, consultant, or agent, or in any other capacity, I incorporate (or have incorporated) into a Company Group product or process a Prior Development owned by me or in which I have an interest, I hereby grant the Company, and the Company Group shall have, a non- exclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable, perpetual, transferable worldwide license (with the right to sublicense) to make, have made, copy, modify, make derivative works of, use, sell, and otherwise distribute such Prior Development as part of or in connection with such product or process. (b) Assignment of Developments . I agree that I will, without additional compensation, promptly make full written disclosure to the Company, and will hold in trust for the sole right and benefit of the Company all developments, original works of authorship, inventions, concepts, know-how, improvements, trade secrets, and similar proprietary rights, whether or not patentable or registrable under copyright or similar laws, which I may solely or jointly conceive or develop or reduce to practice, or have solely or jointly conceived or developed or reduced to practice, or have caused or may cause to be conceived or developed or reduced to practice, during the Assignment Period, whether or not during regular working hours, provided they either (i) relate at the time of conception, development or reduction to practice to the business of any member of the Company Group, or the actual or anticipated research or development of any member of the Company Group; (ii) result from or relate to any work performed for any member of the Company Group; or (iii) are developed through the use of equipment, supplies, or facilities of any member of the Company Group, or any Confidential Information, or in consultation with personnel of any member of the Company Group (collectively referred to as “ Developments ”). I further acknowledge that all Developments made by me (solely or jointly with others) within the scope of and during the Assignment Period are “works made for hire” (to the greatest extent permitted by applicable law) for which I am, in part, compensated by my salary, unless regulated otherwise by law, but that, in the event any such Development is deemed not to be a work made for hire, I hereby assign to the Company, or its designee, all my right, title, and interest throughout the world in and to any such Development. (c) Maintenance of Records . I agree to keep and maintain adequate and current written records of all Developments made by me (solely or jointly with others) during the Assignment Period. The records may be in the form of notes, sketches, drawings, flow charts, electronic data or recordings, and any other format. The records will be available to and remain the sole property of the Company Group at all times. I agree not to remove such records from the Company’s place of business except as expressly permitted by Company Group policy, which may, from time to time, be revised at the sole election of the Company Group for the purpose of furthering the business of the Company Group. (d) Intellectual Property Rights . I agree to assist the Company, or its designee, at the Company’s expense, in every way to secure the rights of the Company Group in the Developments and any copyrights, patents, trademarks, service marks, database rights, domain names, mask work rights, moral rights, and other intellectual property rights relating thereto in any and all countries, including the disclosure to the Company of all pertinent information and data with respect thereto, the execution of all applications, specifications, oaths, assignments, recordations, and all other instruments that the Company shall deem necessary in order to apply for, obtain, maintain, and transfer such rights and in order to assign and convey to the Company Group the sole and exclusive right, title, and interest in and to such Developments, and any intellectual property and other proprietary rights relating thereto. I further agree that my obligation to execute or cause to be executed, when it is in my power to do so, any such instrument or papers shall continue after the Assignment Period until the expiration of the last such intellectual property right to expire in any country of the world; provided , however , the Company shall reimburse me for my reasonable expenses incurred in connection with carrying out the foregoing obligation. If the Company is unable because of my mental or physical incapacity or unavailability for any other reason to secure my signature to apply for or to pursue any application for any United States or foreign patents or copyright registrations covering Developments or original works of authorship assigned to the Company as above, then I hereby irrevocably designate and appoint the Company and its duly authorized officers and agents as my agent and attorney in fact to act for and in my behalf and stead to execute and file any such applications or records and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the application for, prosecution, issuance, maintenance, and transfer of letters patent or registrations thereon with the same legal force and effect as if originally executed by me. I hereby waive and irrevocably quitclaim to the Company any and all claims, of any nature whatsoever, that I now or hereafter have for past, present, or future infringement of any and all proprietary rights assigned to the Company. Section 3. Returning Company Group Documents . I agree that, at the time of termination of my employment with the Company for any reason, I will deliver to the Company (and will not keep in my possession, recreate, or deliver to anyone else) any and all Confidential Information and all other documents, materials, information, and property developed by me pursuant to my employment or otherwise belonging to the Company. I agree further that any property situated on the Company’s premises and owned by the Company (or any other member of the Company Group), including disks and other storage media, filing cabinets, and other work areas, is subject to inspection by personnel of any member of the Company Group at any time with or without notice. Section 4. Disclosure of Agreement . As long as it remains in effect, I will disclose the existence of this Non-Interference Agreement to any prospective employer, partner, co-venturer, investor, or lender prior to entering into an employment, partnership, or other business relationship with such person or entity. Section 5. Restrictions on Interfering . (a) Non-Competition . During the period of my employment with the Company (the “ Employment Period ”) and the Post-Termination Non-Compete Period, I shall not, directly or indirectly, individually or on behalf of any person, company, enterprise, or entity, or as a sole proprietor, partner, stockholder, director, officer, principal, agent, or executive, or in any other capacity or relationship, engage in any Competitive Activities in any jurisdiction in which the Company Group is engaged in (or has demonstrable plans to commence) business activities.. (b) Non-Interference . During the Employment Period and the Post-Termination Non-Interference Period, I shall not, directly or indirectly for my own account or for the account of any other individual or entity, engage in Interfering Activities. (c) Definitions . For purposes of this Non-Interference Agreement : (i) “ Business Relation ” shall mean any current or prospective client, customer, licensee, or other business relation of the Company Group, or any such relation that was a client, customer, licensee, supplier, or other business relation within the six (6) month period prior to the expiration of the Employment Period, in each case, to whom I provided services, or with whom I transacted business, or whose identity became known to me in connection with my relationship with or employment by the Company. competitive with the then-current or demonstrably planned business activities of the Company Group. (ii) “ Competitive Activities ” shall mean any business activity that is (iii) “ Interfering Activities ” shall mean (A) encouraging, soliciting, or inducing, or in any manner attempting to encourage, solicit, or induce, any Person employed by, or providing consulting services to, any member of the Company Group to terminate such Person’s employment or services (or in the case of a consultant, materially reducing such services) with the Company Group; (B) hiring any individual who was employed by the Company Group within the six (6) month period prior to the date of such hiring and with whom I had contact with during the Employment Period within the six (6) month period prior to the date of such hiring; or (C) encouraging, soliciting, or inducing, or in any manner attempting to encourage, solicit, or induce, any Business Relation to cease doing business with or reduce the amount of business conducted with the Company Group, or in any way interfering with the relationship between any such Business Relation and the Company Group. (iv) “ Person ” shall mean any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint‑stock company, trust (charitable or non-charitable), unincorporated organization, or other form of business entity. (v) “ Post-Termination Non-Compete Period ” shall mean the period commencing on the date of the termination of the Employment Period for any reason and ending on the six (6) month anniversary of such date of termination. (vi) “ Post-Termination Non-Interference Period ” shall mean the period commencing on the date of the termination of the Employment Period for any reason and ending on the twelve (12) month anniversary of such date of termination. (d) Non-Disparagement . I agree that during the Employment Period, and at all times thereafter, I will not make any disparaging or defamatory comments regarding any member of the Company Group or its respective current or former directors, officers, or employees in any respect or make any comments concerning any aspect of my relationship with any member of the Company Group or any conduct or events which precipitated any termination of my employment from any member of the Company Group. However, my obligations under this subparagraph (d) shall not apply to disclosures required by applicable law, regulation, or order of a court or governmental agency. Section 6. Reasonableness of Restrictions . I acknowledge and recognize the highly competitive nature of the Company’s business, that access to Confidential Information renders me special and unique within the Company’s industry, and that I will have the opportunity to develop substantial relationships with existing and prospective clients, accounts, customers, consultants, contractors, investors, and strategic partners of the Company Group during the course of and as a result of my employment with the Company. In light of the foregoing, I recognize and acknowledge that the restrictions and limitations set forth in this Non-Interference Agreement are reasonable and valid in geographical and temporal scope and in all other respects and are essential to protect the value of the business and assets of the Company Group. I acknowledge further that the restrictions and limitations set forth in this Non-Interference Agreement will not materially interfere with my ability to earn a living following the termination of my employment with the Company and that my ability to earn a livelihood without violating such restrictions is a material condition to my employment with the Company. Section 7. Independence; Severability; Blue Pencil . Each of the rights enumerated in this Non-Interference Agreement shall be independent of the others and shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any other rights and remedies available to the Company Group at law or in equity. If any of the provisions of this Non-Interference Agreement or any part of any of them is hereafter construed or adjudicated to be invalid or unenforceable, the same shall not affect the remainder of this Non-Interference Agreement, which shall be given full effect without regard to the invalid portions. If any of the covenants contained herein are held to be invalid or unenforceable because of the duration of such provisions or the area or scope covered thereby, I agree that the court making such determination shall have the power to reduce the duration, scope, and/or area of such provision to the maximum and/or broadest duration, scope, and/or area permissible by law, and in its reduced form said provision shall then be enforceable. Section 8. Injunctive Relief . I expressly acknowledge that any breach or threatened breach of any of the terms and/or conditions set forth in this Non-Interference Agreement may result in substantial, continuing, and irreparable injury to the members of the Company Group. Therefore, I hereby agree that, in addition to any other remedy that may be available to the Company, any member of the Company Group shall be entitled to seek injunctive relief, specific performance, or other equitable relief by a court of appropriate jurisdiction in the event of any breach or threatened breach of the terms of this Non-Interference Agreement without the necessity of proving irreparable harm or injury as a result of such breach or threatened breach. Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary, I acknowledge and agree that the Post-Termination Non-Compete Period, or Post-Termination Non-Interference Period, as applicable, shall be tolled during any period of violation of any of the covenants in Section 5 hereof and during any other period required for litigation during which the Company or any other member of the Company Group seeks to enforce such covenants against me if it is ultimately determined that I was in breach of such covenants. Section 9. Cooperation . I agree that, following any termination of my employment, I will continue to provide reasonable cooperation to the Company and/or any other member of the Company Group and its or their respective counsel in connection with any investigation, administrative proceeding, or litigation relating to any matter that occurred during my employment in which I was involved or of which I have knowledge. As a condition of such cooperation, the Company shall reimburse me for reasonable out-of- pocket expenses incurred at the request of the Company with respect to my compliance with this paragraph. I also agree that, in the event that I am subpoenaed by any person or entity (including, but not limited to, any government agency) to give testimony or provide documents (in a deposition, court proceeding, or otherwise) that in any way relates to my employment by the Company and/or any other member of the Company Group, I will give prompt notice of such request to the Company and will make no disclosure until the Company and/or the other member of the Company Group has had a reasonable opportunity to contest the right of the requesting person or entity to such disclosure. Section 10. General Provisions . (a) Governing Law and Jurisdiction . EXCEPT WHERE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW, THE VALIDITY, INTERPRETATION, CONSTRUCTION, AND PERFORMANCE OF THIS NON-INTERFERENCE AGREEMENT IS GOVERNED BY AND IS TO BE CONSTRUED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF COLORADO APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN THAT STATE, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES. FURTHER, I HEREBY WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN CONNECTION WITH ANY SUIT, ACTION, OR PROCEEDING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NON- INTERFERENCE AGREEMENT. (b) Entire Agreement . This Non-Interference Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding between the Company and me relating to the subject matter herein and merges all prior discussions between us. No modification or amendment to this Non-Interference Agreement, nor any waiver of any rights under this Non-Interference Agreement, will be effective unless in writing signed by the party to be charged. Any subsequent change or changes in my duties, obligations, rights, or compensation will not affect the validity or scope of this Non-Interference Agreement. (c) No Right of Continued Employment . I acknowledge and agree that nothing contained herein shall be construed as granting me any right to continued employment by the Company, and the right of the Company to terminate my employment at any time and for any reason, with or without cause, is specifically reserved. (d) Successors and Assigns . This Non-Interference Agreement will be binding upon my heirs, executors, administrators, and other legal representatives and will be for the benefit of the Company, its successors, and its assigns. I expressly acknowledge and agree that this Non-Interference Agreement may be assigned by the Company without my consent to any other member of the Company Group as well as any purchaser of all or substantially all of the assets or stock of the Company, whether by purchase, merger, or other similar corporate transaction, provided that the license granted pursuant to Section 2(a) may be assigned to any third party by the Company without my consent. (e) Survival . The provisions of this Non-Interference Agreement shall survive the termination of my employment with the Company and/or the assignment of this Non-Interference Agreement by the Company to any successor in interest or other assignee. * * * I, Paul Gross, have executed this Confidentiality, Non-Interference, and Invention Assignment Agreement on the respective date set forth below: Date: July 6, 2017 /s/ Paul Gross (Signature) Paul Gross (Type/Print Name) SCHEDULE A LIST OF PRIOR DEVELOPMENTS AND ORIGINAL WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP EXCLUDED FROM SECTION 2 Title Date Identifying Number or Brief Description X __ No Developments or improvements _____ Additional Sheets Attached Signature of Employee: /s/ Paul Gross Print Name of Employee: Paul Gross Date: July 6, 2017 -1- EXHIBIT B RELEASE OF CLAIMS As used in this Release of Claims (this “ Release ”), the term “claims” will include all claims, covenants, warranties, promises, undertakings, actions, suits, causes of action, obligations, debts, accounts, attorneys’ fees, judgments, losses, and liabilities, of whatsoever kind or nature, in law, in equity, or otherwise. For and in consideration of the Severance Benefits (as defined in my Employment Agreement, dated July 6, 2017, with Clovis Oncology, Inc. (my “ Employment Agreement ”)), and other good and valuable consideration, I, Paul Gross, for and on behalf of myself and my heirs, administrators, executors, and assigns, effective as of the date on which this release becomes effective pursuant to its terms, do fully and forever release, remise, and discharge the Company and each of its direct and indirect subsidiaries and affiliates, and its successors and assigns, together with its officers, directors, partners, shareholders, employees, and agents (collectively, the “ Group ”), from any and all claims whatsoever up to the date hereof that I had, may have had, or now have against the Group, whether known or unknown, for or by reason of any matter, cause, or thing whatsoever, including any claim arising out of or attributable to my employment or the termination of my employment with the Company, whether for tort, breach of express or implied employment contract, intentional infliction of emotional distress, wrongful termination, unjust dismissal, defamation, libel, or slander, or under any federal, state, or local law dealing with discrimination based on age, race, sex, national origin, handicap, religion, disability, or sexual orientation. The release of claims in this Release includes, but is not limited to, all claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ ADEA ”), Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, the Family Medical Leave Act, and the Equal Pay Act, each as may be amended from time to time, and all other federal, state, and local laws, the common law, and any other purported restriction on an employer’s right to terminate the employment of employees. The release contained herein is intended to be a general release of any and all claims to the fullest extent permissible by law. I acknowledge and agree that as of the date I execute this Release, I have no knowledge of any facts or circumstances that give rise or could give rise to any claims under any of the laws listed in the preceding paragraph. By executing this Release, I specifically release all claims relating to my employment and its termination under ADEA, a United States federal statute that, among other things, prohibits discrimination on the basis of age in employment and employee benefit plans. Notwithstanding any provision of this Release to the contrary, by executing this Release, I am not releasing (i) any claims relating to my rights under Section 8 of my Employment Agreement, (ii) any claims that cannot be waived by law, or (iii) my right of indemnification as provided by, and in accordance with the terms of, the Company’s by-laws or a Company insurance policy providing such coverage, as any of such may be amended from time to time. I expressly acknowledge and agree that I – -2- Am able to read the language, and understand the meaning and effect, of this Release; Have no physical or mental impairment of any kind that has interfered with my ability to read and understand the meaning of this Release or its terms, and that I am not acting under the influence of any medication, drug, or chemical of any type in entering into this Release; Am specifically agreeing to the terms of the release contained in this Release because the Company has agreed to pay me the Severance Benefits in consideration for my agreement to accept it in full settlement of all possible claims I might have or ever have had, and because of my execution of this Release; Acknowledge that, but for my execution of this Release, I would not be entitled to the Severance Benefits; Understand that, by entering into this Release, I do not waive rights or claims under ADEA that may arise after the date I execute this Release; Had or could have had [twenty-one (21)][forty-five (45)] days from the date of 1 my termination of employment (the “ Release Expiration Date ”) in which to review and consider this Release, and that if I execute this Release prior to the Release Expiration Date, I have voluntarily and knowingly waived the remainder of the review period; Have not relied upon any representation or statement not set forth in this Release or my Employment Agreement made by the Company or any of its representatives; Was advised to consult with my attorney regarding the terms and effect of this Release; and Have signed this Release knowingly and voluntarily. I represent and warrant that I have not previously filed, and to the maximum extent permitted by law agree that I will not file, a complaint, charge, or lawsuit against any member of the Group regarding any of the claims released herein. If, notwithstanding this representation and warranty, I have filed or file such a complaint, charge, or lawsuit, I agree that I shall cause such complaint, charge, or lawsuit to be dismissed with prejudice and shall pay any and all costs required in obtaining dismissal of such complaint, charge, or lawsuit, including without limitation the attorneys’ fees of any member of the Group against whom I have filed such a complaint, charge, or lawsuit. This paragraph shall not apply, however, to a claim of age 1 To be selected based on whether applicable termination was “in connection with an exit incentive or other employment termination program” (as such phrase is defined in the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967). -3- discrimination under ADEA or to any non-waivable right to file a charge with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (the “ EEOC ”); provided , however , that if the EEOC were to pursue any claims relating to my employment with Company, I agree that I shall not be entitled to recover any monetary damages or any other remedies or benefits as a result and that this Release and Section 8 of my Employment Agreement will control as the exclusive remedy and full settlement of all such claims by me. I hereby agree to waive any and all claims to re-employment with the Company or any other member of the Group and affirmatively agree not to seek further employment with the Company or any other member of the Group. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, this Release will not become effective or enforceable prior to the expiration of the period of seven (7) calendar days immediately following the date of its execution by me (the “ Revocation Period ”), during which time I may revoke my acceptance of this Release by notifying the Company and the Board of Directors of the Company, in writing, delivered to the Company at its principal executive office, marked for the attention of its Chief Executive Officer. To be effective, such revocation must be received by the Company no later than 11:59 p.m. on the seventh (7 ) calendar day following the execution of this Release. Provided that the Release is executed and I do not revoke it during the Revocation Period, the eighth (8 ) calendar day following the date on which this Release is executed shall be its effective date. I acknowledge and agree that if I revoke this Release during the Revocation Period, this Release will be null and void and of no effect, and neither the Company nor any other member of the Group will have any obligations to pay me the Severance Benefits. th th The provisions of this Release shall be binding upon my heirs, executors, administrators, legal personal representatives, and assigns. If any provision of this Release shall be held by any court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, void, or unenforceable, such provision shall be of no force or effect. The illegality or unenforceability of such provision, however, shall have no effect upon and shall not impair the enforceability of any other provision of this Release. EXCEPT WHERE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW, THE VALIDITY, INTERPRETATION, CONSTRUCTION, AND PERFORMANCE OF THIS RELEASE IS GOVERNED BY AND IS TO BE CONSTRUED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF COLORADO APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN THAT STATE, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES. ANY DISPUTE OR CLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS RELEASE OR CLAIM OF BREACH HEREOF SHALL BE BROUGHT EXCLUSIVELY IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE 20 JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF COLORADO, TO THE EXTENT FEDERAL JURISDICTION EXISTS, AND IN ANY COURT SITTING IN COLORADO, BUT ONLY IN THE EVENT FEDERAL JURISDICTION DOES NOT EXIST, AND ANY APPLICABLE APPELLATE COURTS. BY EXECUTION OF THIS RELEASE, I CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS, AND WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO CHALLENGE JURISDICTION OR VENUE IN SUCH COURT WITH REGARD TO ANY SUIT, ACTION, OR PROCEEDING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS RELEASE. FURTHER, I HEREBY WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN th -4- CONNECTION WITH ANY SUIT, ACTION, OR PROCEEDING UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS RELEASE. Capitalized terms used, but not defined herein, shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in my Employment Agreement. I, __________________, have executed this Release of Claims on the respective date set forth below: * * * Paul Gross Date: -5- CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT Exhibit 10.39 This Indemnification Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) is dated as of September 9, 2016, and is between Clovis Oncology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and Paul E. Gross (“ Indemnitee ”). RECITALS A. Indemnitee’s service to the Company substantially benefits the Company. B. Individuals are reluctant to serve as directors or officers of corporations or in certain other capacities unless they are provided with adequate protection through insurance or indemnification against the risks of claims and actions against them arising out of such service. C. Indemnitee does not regard the protection currently provided by applicable law, the Company’s governing documents and any insurance as adequate under the present circumstances, and Indemnitee may not be willing to serve as a director or officer without additional protection. D. In order to induce Indemnitee to continue to provide services to the Company, it is reasonable, prudent and necessary for the Company to contractually obligate itself to indemnify, and to advance expenses on behalf of, Indemnitee as permitted by applicable law. E. This Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the indemnification provided in the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and any resolutions adopted pursuant thereto, and this Agreement shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor shall this Agreement be deemed to limit, diminish or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder. The parties therefore agree as follows: 1. Definitions. (a) “ Corporate Status ” describes the status of a person who is or was a director, trustee, general partner, managing member, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Company or any other Enterprise. (b) “ DGCL ” means the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. (c) “ Disinterested Director ” means a director of the Company who is not and was not a party to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought by Indemnitee. (d) “ Enterprise ” means the Company and any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, trustee, general partner, managing member, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary. (e) “ Expenses ” include all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees and costs of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in, or otherwise participating in, a Proceeding. Expenses also include (i) Expenses incurred in connection with any appeal resulting from any Proceeding, including without limitation the premium, security for, and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedeas bond or other appeal bond or their equivalent, and (ii) for purposes of Section 12(b), Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the interpretation, enforcement or defense of Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement or under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company. Expenses, however, shall not include amounts paid in settlement by Indemnitee or the amount of judgments, penalties or fines against Indemnitee. (f) “ Independent Counsel ” means a law firm, or a partner or member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to represent (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other than as Independent Counsel with respect to matters concerning Indemnitee under this Agreement, or other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “ Independent Counsel ” shall not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement. (g) “ Proceeding ” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, mediation, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or proceeding, whether brought in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether of a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative nature, including any appeal therefrom and including without limitation any such Proceeding pending as of the date of this Agreement, in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party, a potential party, a non-party witness or otherwise by reason of (i) the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director or officer of the Company, (ii) any action taken by Indemnitee or any action or inaction on Indemnitee’s part while acting as a director or officer of the Company, or (iii) the fact that he or she is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, trustee, general partner, managing member, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Company or any other Enterprise, in each case whether or not serving in such capacity at the time any liability or Expense is incurred for which indemnification or advancement of expenses can be provided under this Agreement. (h) Reference to “ other enterprises ” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “ fines ” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan; references to “ serving at the request of the Company ” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “ not opposed to the best interests of the Company ” as referred to in this Agreement. 2. Indemnity in Third-Party Proceedings. The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2 if, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this Section 2, Indemnitee shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law against all Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on his or her behalf in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. -2- 3. Indemnity in Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3 if, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this Section 3, Indemnitee shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company. No indemnification for Expenses shall be made under this Section 3 in respect of any claim, issue or matter in such Proceeding as to which Indemnitee shall have been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction to be liable to the Company, unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or any court in which the Proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification for such expenses as the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, if the Indemnitee, by reason of the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, is or was, or is or was threatened to be made, a party to any Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor, then the Company shall not indemnify the Indemnitee for any judgment, fines, or amounts paid in settlement to the Company in connection with such Proceeding. 4. Indemnification for Expenses of a Party Who is Wholly or Partly Successful. To the extent that Indemnitee, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, is a party to or a participant in and is successful (on the merits or otherwise) in defense of any Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection therewith. To the extent permitted by applicable law, if Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defense of one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter. For purposes of this section, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter. 5. Indemnification for Expenses of a Witness. To the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, a witness , or is or was made (or asked) to respond to discovery requests, in any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is not a party, Indemnitee shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection therewith. 6. Additional Indemnification. (a) Notwithstanding any limitation in Sections 2, 3 or 4, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law if Indemnitee, by reason of his or her Corporate Status, is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any Proceeding (including a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor) against all Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on his or her behalf in connection with the Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein. -3- (b) For purposes of Section 6(a), the meaning of the phrase “ to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law ” shall include, but not be limited to: (i) the fullest extent permitted by the provision of the DGCL that authorizes or contemplates additional indemnification by agreement, or the corresponding provision of any amendment to or replacement of the DGCL; and (ii) the fullest extent authorized or permitted by any amendments to or replacements of the DGCL adopted after the date of this Agreement that increase the extent to which a corporation may indemnify its officers and directors. 7. Exclusions. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement, the Company shall not be obligated under this Agreement to make any indemnity in connection with any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding): (a) for which payment has actually been made to or on behalf of Indemnitee under any statute, insurance policy, indemnity provision, vote or otherwise, except with respect to any excess beyond the amount paid , and except as may otherwise be agreed between the Company, on the one hand, and Indemnitee or another indemnitor of Indemnitee, on the other ; (b) for an accounting or disgorgement of profits pursuant to Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or similar provisions of federal, state or local statutory law or common law, if Indemnitee is held liable therefor (including pursuant to any settlement arrangements); (c) for any reimbursement of the Company by Indemnitee of any bonus or other incentive- based or equity-based compensation or of any profits realized by Indemnitee from the sale of securities of the Company, as required in each case under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (including any such reimbursements that arise from an accounting restatement of the Company pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “ Sarbanes-Oxley Act ”), or the payment to the Company of profits arising from the purchase and sale by Indemnitee of securities in violation of Section 306 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), if Indemnitee is held liable therefor (including pursuant to any settlement arrangements); (d) initiated by Indemnitee, including any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) initiated by Indemnitee against the Company or its directors, officers, employees, agents or other indemnitees, unless (i) the Company’s board of directors authorized the Proceeding (or the relevant part of the Proceeding) prior to its initiation, (ii) the Company provides the indemnification, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the Company under applicable law, (iii) otherwise authorized in Section 12(b) or (iv) otherwise required by applicable law; or (e) if prohibited by applicable law. 8. Advances of Expenses. The Company shall advance the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding in which Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, and such advancement shall be made as soon as reasonably practicable, but in any event no later than 60 days, after the receipt by the Company of a written statement or statements from Indemnitee requesting such advances from time to time (which shall include invoices received by Indemnitee in connection with such Expenses or otherwise reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee, but, in the case of invoices in connection with legal services, any references to legal work performed or to expenditure made that would cause Indemnitee to waive any privilege accorded by applicable law shall not be included with the invoice). Advances shall be unsecured and interest free and made without regard to Indemnitee’s ability to repay such advances. Indemnitee hereby undertakes to repay any advance to the extent that it is ultimately determined that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. This Section 8 shall not apply to the extent advancement is prohibited by law and shall not apply to any Proceeding for which -4- indemnity is not permitted under this Agreement, but shall apply to any Proceeding referenced in Section 7(b) or 7(c) prior to a determination that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. 9. Procedures for Notification and Defense of Claim. (a) Indemnitee shall notify the Company in writing upon being served with or otherwise receiving any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment or other document relating to any Proceeding or any matter which may be subject to indemnification covered hereunder with respect to which Indemnitee intends to seek indemnification or advancement of Expenses as soon as reasonably practicable following the receipt by Indemnitee thereof. The written notification to the Company shall include, in reasonable detail, a description of the nature of the Proceeding and the facts underlying the Proceeding. The failure by Indemnitee to notify the Company will not relieve the Company from any liability which it may have to Indemnitee hereunder or otherwise than under this Agreement, and any delay in so notifying the Company shall not constitute a waiver by Indemnitee of any rights, except to the extent that such failure or delay materially prejudices the Company. (b) If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of a Proceeding pursuant to the terms hereof, the Company has directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of the Proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the applicable policies. The Company shall thereafter take all reasonably necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such Proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies. (c) In the event the Company may be obligated to make any indemnity in connection with a Proceeding, the Company shall be entitled to assume the defense of such Proceeding with counsel approved by Indemnitee, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, upon the delivery to Indemnitee of written notice of its election to do so. After delivery of such notice, approval of such counsel by Indemnitee and the retention of such counsel by the Company, the Company will not be liable to Indemnitee for any fees or expenses of counsel subsequently incurred by Indemnitee with respect to the same Proceeding. Notwithstanding the Company’s assumption of the defense of any such Proceeding, the Company shall be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of Indemnitee’s counsel to the extent (i) the employment of counsel by Indemnitee is authorized by the Company, (ii) counsel for the Company or Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there is a conflict of interest between the Company and Indemnitee in the conduct of any such defense such that Indemnitee needs to be separately represented, (iii) the Company is not financially or legally able to perform its indemnification obligations or (iv) the Company shall not have retained, or shall not continue to retain, such counsel to defend such Proceeding. The Company shall have the right to conduct such defense as it sees fit in its sole discretion. Regardless of any provision in this Agreement, Indemnitee shall have the right to employ counsel in any Proceeding at Indemnitee’s personal expense. The Company shall not be entitled, without the consent of Indemnitee, to assume the defense of any claim brought by or in the right of the Company. (d) Indemnitee shall give the Company such information and cooperation in connection with the Proceeding as may be reasonably appropriate. (e) The Company shall not be liable to indemnify Indemnitee for any settlement of any Proceeding (or any part thereof) without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. -5- 10. Procedures upon Application for Indemnification. (a) To obtain indemnification, Indemnitee shall submit to the Company a written request, including therein or therewith such documentation and information as is reasonably available to Indemnitee and as is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification following the final disposition of the Proceeding. The Company shall, promptly after receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise the board of directors that Indemnitee has requested indemnification. Any delay in providing the request will not relieve the Company from its obligations under this Agreement, except to the extent such failure is prejudicial. (b) Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to Section 10(a), a determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement thereto shall be made in the specific case (A) by a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, even though less than a quorum of the Company’s board of directors, (B) by a committee of Disinterested Directors designated by a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, even though less than a quorum of the Company’s board of directors, (C) if there are no such Disinterested Directors or, if such Disinterested Directors so direct, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Company’s board of directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee or (D) if so directed by the Company’s board of directors, by the stockholders of the Company. If the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to this Section 10(b), the Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Board of Directors and approved by Indemnitee. Upon failure of the Board of Directors to so select, or upon the failure of Indemnitee to so approve, such Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or such other person or body as the Indemnitee and the Company may agree in writing. If the person making such determination shall determine that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification as to part (but not all) of the application for indemnification, such person shall reasonably pro- rate such part of indemnification among such claims, issues or matters. If it is so determined that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, payment to Indemnitee shall be made within ten days after such determination. Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making the determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information that is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and that is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any costs or expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements) reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the person, persons or entity making such determination shall be borne by the Company, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. 11. Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings. (a) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement) of itself create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. (b) For purposes of any determination of good faith, Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in good faith to the extent Indemnitee relied in good faith on (i) the records or books of account of the Enterprise, including financial statements, (ii) information supplied to Indemnitee by the officers of the Enterprise in the course of their duties, (iii) the advice of legal counsel for the Enterprise or its board of directors or counsel selected by any committee of the board of directors or (iv) information or records given or reports made to the Enterprise by an independent certified public accountant, an appraiser, investment banker or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Enterprise or its board of directors or any committee of the board of -6- directors. The provisions of this Section 11(b) shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the other circumstances in which Indemnitee may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in this Agreement. (c) Neither the knowledge, actions nor failure to act of any other director, officer, agent or employee of the Enterprise shall be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the right to indemnification under this Agreement. (d) Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making such determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any Independent Counsel or member of the Board of Directors shall act reasonably and in good faith in making a determination regarding the Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification under this Agreement. Any costs or expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements) incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the person, persons or entity making such determination shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification) and the Company hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom. (e) The Company acknowledges that a settlement or other disposition short of final judgment may be successful if it permits a party to avoid expense, delay, distraction, disruption and uncertainty. In the event that any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party is resolved in any manner other than by adverse judgment against Indemnitee (including, without limitation, settlement of such action, claim or proceeding with or without payment of money or other consideration) it shall be presumed that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in such Proceeding. Anyone seeking to overcome this presumption shall have the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion by clear and convincing evidence. 12. Remedies of Indemnitee. (a) Subject to Section 12(d), in the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 10 of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 8 or 12(b) of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to Section 10 of this Agreement within 90 days after the later of the receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification or the final disposition of the Proceeding, (iv) payment of indemnification pursuant to this Agreement is not made (A) within ten days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or (B) with respect to indemnification pursuant to Sections 4, 5 and 12(b) of this Agreement, within 30 days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor, or (v) the Company or any other person or entity takes or threatens to take any action to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or institutes any litigation or other action or proceeding designed to deny, or to recover from, Indemnitee the benefits provided or intended to be provided to Indemnitee hereunder, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication by a court of competent jurisdiction of his or her entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses. Alternatively, Indemnitee, at his or her option, may seek an award in arbitration with respect to his or her entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses, to be conducted by a single arbitrator pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. Indemnitee shall commence such proceeding seeking an adjudication or an award in arbitration within 180 days following the date on which Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 12(a); provided, however, that the foregoing clause shall not apply in respect of a proceeding brought by Indemnitee to enforce his or her rights under Section 4 of this Agreement. The Company shall not oppose Indemnitee’s right to seek any such adjudication or award in arbitration in accordance with this Agreement. -7- (b) Neither (i) the failure of the Company, its board of directors, any committee or subgroup of the board of directors, Independent Counsel or stockholders to have made a determination that indemnification of Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor (ii) an actual determination by the Company, its board of directors, any committee or subgroup of the board of directors, Independent Counsel or stockholders that Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that Indemnitee has or has not met the applicable standard of conduct. In the event that a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 10 of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12 shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial, or arbitration, on the merits, and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination. In connection with any determination (including a determination by the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or other court of competent jurisdiction)) with respect to entitlement to indemnification hereunder, the Company shall, to the fullest extent not prohibited by law, have the burden of proving Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses, as the case may be, and any decision that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses must be supported by clear and convincing evidence. (c) To the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses that are incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any action for indemnification or advancement of Expenses from the Company under this Agreement or under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company to the extent Indemnitee is successful in such action, and, if requested by Indemnitee, shall (as soon as reasonably practicable, but in any event no later than 60 days, after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor) advance such Expenses to Indemnitee, subject to the provisions of Section 8 . (d) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, no determination as to entitlement to indemnification shall be required to be made prior to the final disposition of the Proceeding. 13. Contribution. (a) To the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, whether or not the indemnification provided in Sections 2, 3, 4, or 6 hereof is available, in respect of any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), the Company shall pay, in the first instance, the entire amount of any judgment or settlement of such Proceeding without requiring Indemnitee to contribute to such payment, and the Company hereby waives and relinquishes any right of contribution it may have against Indemnitee. The Company shall not enter into any settlement of any Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding) unless such settlement provides for a full and final release of all claims asserted against Indemnitee. (b) To the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, without diminishing or impairing the obligations of the Company set forth in the preceding subparagraph, if, for any reason, Indemnitee shall elect or be required to pay all or any portion of any judgment or settlement in any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding ), the Company shall contribute to the amount of Expenses, judgments, fines, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement actually incurred and paid or payable by Indemnitee in proportion to the relative benefits received by the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding ), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, from the transaction from which such Proceeding arose; provided, however, that the proportion determined on the basis of relative benefit may, to the extent necessary to conform to law, be further adjusted by reference to the relative fault of the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than -8- Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding ), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, in connection with the events that resulted in such expenses, judgments, fines, liabilities or settlement amounts, as well as any other equitable considerations which the law may require to be considered. The relative fault of the Company and all officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who are jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding ), on the one hand, and Indemnitee, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, the degree to which their actions were motivated by intent to gain personal profit or advantage, the degree to which their liability is primary or secondary and the degree to which their conduct is active or passive. (c) The Company hereby agrees to fully indemnify and hold Indemnitee harmless from any claim of contribution brought by officers, directors or employees of the Company, other than Indemnitee, who may be jointly liable with Indemnitee. (d) To the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, if the indemnification provided for in this Agreement is unavailable to Indemnitee, the Company, in lieu of indemnifying Indemnitee, shall contribute to the amounts incurred by Indemnitee, whether for Expenses, judgments, fines or amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, in connection with any claim relating to an indemnifiable event under this Agreement, in such proportion as is deemed fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances of such Proceeding in order to reflect (i) the relative benefits received by the Company and Indemnitee as a result of the events and transactions giving rise to such Proceeding; and (ii) the relative fault of Indemnitee and the Company (and its other directors, officers, employees and agents) in connection with such events and transactions. 14. Non-exclusivity. The rights of indemnification and to receive advancement of Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a resolution of directors, or otherwise. To the extent that a change in Delaware law, whether by statute or judicial decision, permits greater indemnification or advancement of Expenses than would be afforded currently under the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws and this Agreement, it is the intent of the parties hereto that Indemnitee shall enjoy by this Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such change, subject to the restrictions expressly set forth herein or therein. Except as expressly set forth herein, no right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every other right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. Except as expressly set forth herein, the assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the indemnification and contribution provided for in this Agreement will remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of Indemnitee or Indemnitee’s agents. 15. Primary Responsibility. The Company acknowledges that Indemnitee may have certain rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by the fund and/or certain affiliates thereof with whom Indemnitee may be affiliated (collectively, the “ Secondary Indemnitors ”). The Company agrees that, as between the Company and the Secondary Indemnitors, the Company is primarily responsible for amounts required to be indemnified or advanced under the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws or this Agreement and any obligation of the Secondary Indemnitors to provide indemnification or advancement for the same amounts is secondary to those Company obligations. The Company waives any right of contribution or subrogation against the Secondary Indemnitors with respect to the liabilities for which the Company is primarily responsible under this Section 15. In the event of any payment by the Secondary Indemnitors of amounts otherwise required to be indemnified or advanced by the Company under the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws or this Agreement, the Secondary Indemnitors shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of -9- recovery of Indemnitee for indemnification or advancement of expenses under the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws or this Agreement or, to the extent such subrogation is unavailable and contribution is found to be the applicable remedy, shall have a right of contribution with respect to the amounts paid. The Secondary Indemnitors are express third-party beneficiaries of the terms of this Section 15. 16. No Duplication of Payments. Subject to the provisions of Section 15 above, the Company shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder (or for which advancement is provided hereunder) if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received payment for such amounts under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise. 17. Insurance. To the extent that the Company maintains an insurance policy or policies providing liability insurance for directors, trustees, general partners, managing members, officers, employees, agents or fiduciaries of the Company or any other Enterprise, Indemnitee shall be covered by such policy or policies to the same extent as the most favorably-insured persons under such policy or policies in a comparable position. 18. Subrogation. In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights. 19. Services to the Company. Indemnitee agrees to serve as a director or officer of the Company or, at the request of the Company, as a director, trustee, general partner, managing member, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of another Enterprise, for so long as Indemnitee is duly elected or appointed or until Indemnitee tenders his or her resignation or is removed from such position. Indemnitee may at any time and for any reason resign from such position (subject to any other contractual obligation or any obligation imposed by operation of law), in which event the Company shall have no obligation under this Agreement to continue Indemnitee in such position. This Agreement shall not be deemed an employment contract between the Company (or any of its subsidiaries or any Enterprise) and Indemnitee. Indemnitee specifically acknowledges that any employment with the Company (or any of its subsidiaries or any Enterprise) is at will, and Indemnitee may be discharged at any time for any reason, with or without cause, with or without notice, except as may be otherwise expressly provided in any executed, written employment contract between Indemnitee and the Company (or any of its subsidiaries or any Enterprise), any existing formal severance policies adopted by the Company’s board of directors or, with respect to service as a director or officer of the Company, the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws or the DGCL. No such document shall be subject to any oral modification thereof. 20. Duration. This Agreement shall continue until and terminate upon the later of (a) ten years after the date that Indemnitee shall have ceased to serve as a director or officer of the Company or as a director, trustee, general partner, managing member, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of any other Enterprise, as applicable; or (b) one year after the final termination of any Proceeding, including any appeal, then pending in respect of which Indemnitee is granted rights of indemnification or advancement of Expenses hereunder and of any proceeding commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 12 of this Agreement relating thereto. 21. Successors. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns, including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company, and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and Indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators. 22. Severability. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to require or shall be construed as requiring the Company to do or fail to do any act in violation of applicable law. The Company’s inability, pursuant to court order or other applicable law, to perform its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach -10- of this Agreement. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (i) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including without limitation, each portion of any section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law; (ii) such provision or provisions shall be deemed reformed to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law and to give the maximum effect to the intent of the parties hereto; and (iii) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby. 23. Enforcement. The Company expressly confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement and assumed the obligations imposed on it hereby in order to induce Indemnitee to serve as a director or officer of the Company, and the Company acknowledges that Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in serving as a director or officer of the Company. 24. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, oral, written and implied, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof; provided , however , that this Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the indemnification provided in the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws and applicable law. 25. Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification or amendment to this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the parties hereto. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement shall adversely affect any right of Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in his or her Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall constitute or be deemed a waiver of any other provision of this Agreement nor shall any waiver constitute a continuing waiver. 26. Notices. All notices and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, sent by facsimile or electronic mail or otherwise delivered by hand, messenger or courier service addressed: (a) if to Indemnitee, to Indemnitee’s address, facsimile number or electronic mail address as shown on the signature page of this Agreement or in the Company’s records, as may be updated in accordance with the provisions hereof; or (b) if to the Company, to the attention of the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of the Company at c/o Thomas Mark, Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, 787 Seventh Ave., New York, NY 10019 or at such other current address as the Company shall have furnished to the Investors. Each such notice or other communication shall for all purposes of this Agreement be treated as effective or having been given (i) if delivered by hand, messenger or courier service, when delivered (or if sent via a nationally-recognized overnight courier service, freight prepaid, specifying next-business-day delivery, one business day after deposit with the courier), (ii) if sent via mail, at the earlier of its receipt or five days after the same has been deposited in a regularly-maintained receptacle for the deposit of the United States mail, addressed and mailed as aforesaid, or (iii) if sent via facsimile, upon confirmation of facsimile transfer or, if sent via electronic mail, when directed to the relevant electronic mail address, if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, or if not sent during normal business hours of the recipient, then on the recipient’s next business day. -11- 27. Applicable Law and Consent to Jurisdiction. This Agreement and the legal relations among the parties shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflict of laws rules. Except with respect to any arbitration commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 12(a) of this Agreement, the Company and Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agree that any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be brought only in the Delaware Court of Chancery, and not in any other state or federal court in the United States of America or any court in any other country, (ii) consent to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court of Chancery for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, (iii) appoint, to the extent such party is not otherwise subject to service of process in the State of Delaware, The Corporation Trust Company, Wilmington, Delaware as its agent in the State of Delaware as such party’s agent for acceptance of legal process in connection with any such action or proceeding against such party with the same legal force and validity as if served upon such party personally within the State of Delaware, (iv) waive any objection to the laying of venue of any such action or proceeding in the Delaware Court of Chancery, and (v) waive, and agree not to plead or to make, any claim that any such action or proceeding brought in the Delaware Court of Chancery has been brought in an improper or inconvenient forum. 28. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. This Agreement may also be executed and delivered by facsimile signature and in counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. Only one such counterpart signed by the party against whom enforceability is sought needs to be produced to evidence the existence of this Agreement. 29. Captions. The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof. ( signature page follows ) -12- The parties are signing this Indemnification Agreement as of the date stated in the introductory sentence. COMPANY CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. /s/ Daniel Muehl ( Signature ) Daniel Muehl ( Print name ) Senior Vice President of Finance ( Title ) INDEMNITEE /s/ Paul Gross ( Signature ) Paul E. Gross ( Print name ) ( Street address ) ( City, State and ZIP ) Exhibit 23.1 Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Registration Statements (Form S-3 Nos. 333-211947 and 333-215400) of Clovis Oncology, Inc., and (2) Registration Statements (Form S-8 Nos. 333-219046, 333-211948, 333-178283, 333-182278, 333-190565, 333-198022, 333- 206193, and 333-226523) pertaining to the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, 2011 Stock Incentive Plan and 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Clovis Oncology, Inc.; of our reports dated February 27, 2019, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Clovis Oncology, Inc., and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Clovis Oncology, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Clovis Oncology, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018. Denver, Colorado February 27, 2019 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Exhibit 31.1 I, Patrick J. Mahaffy, certify that: Exhibit 31.1 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Clovis Oncology, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. b. c. d. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. b. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 27, 2019 /s/ PATRICK J. MAHAFFY Patrick J. Mahaffy President and Chief Executive Officer Exhibit 31.2 I, Daniel W. Muehl, certify that: Exhibit 31.2 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Clovis Oncology, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. b. c. d. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. b. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 27, 2019 /s/ DANIEL W. MUEHL Daniel W. Muehl Executive Vice President of Finance and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Exhibit 32.1 CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 (18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350) Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of Clovis Oncology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Patrick J. Mahaffy, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, does hereby certify, pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. §1350), that to his knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 27, 2019 /s/ PATRICK J. MAHAFFY Patrick J. Mahaffy President and Chief Executive Officer Exhibit 32.2 CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 (18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350) Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the Annual Report of Clovis Oncology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Daniel W. Muehl, as Senior Vice President of Finance and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Company, does hereby certify, pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. §1350), that to his knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 27, 2019 /s/ DANIEL W. MUEHL Daniel W. Muehl Executive Vice President of Finance and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer
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