Coherent
Annual Report 2013

Plain-text annual report

14JAN201416185898 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders February 26, 2014 8:30 a.m. Silicon Valley Capital Club, 50 West San Fernando, San Jose, California 95113 MATTERS TO BE VOTED ON: 1. 2. 3. 4. To elect the seven directors named in the proxy statement; To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending September 27, 2014; Advisory vote to approve executive officer compensation; and To transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting and any adjournment(s) thereof. The foregoing items of business are more fully described in the Proxy Statement accompanying this Notice. Stockholders of record at the close of business on January 9, 2013, are entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting and at any adjournments or postponements thereof. All stockholders are cordially invited to attend the meeting. However, to assure your representation at the meeting, you are urged to mark, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as promptly as possible in the postage-prepaid envelope enclosed for that purpose or follow the instructions on the enclosed proxy card to vote by telephone or via the Internet. Any stockholder of record attending the meeting may vote in person even if he or she has returned a proxy. Please note, however, that if your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote at the meeting, you must obtain a proxy issued in your name from that record holder. Santa Clara, California January 23, 2014 Sincerely, 13JAN201423125288 John R. Ambroseo President and Chief Executive Officer Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Stockholder Meeting to Be Held on February 26, 2014 The proxy statement and annual report to stockholders are available at www.proxyvote.com. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT In order to assure your representation at the meeting, you are requested to complete, sign and date the enclosed proxy card as promptly as possible and return it in the enclosed envelope or follow the instructions on the enclosed proxy card to vote by telephone or via the Internet. Any stockholder attending the Annual Meeting may vote in person even if he or she returned a proxy card. Table of Contents GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE MEETING PROPOSAL ONE Election of Directors PROPOSAL TWO Ratification of the Appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PROPOSAL THREE Advisory Vote to Approve Executive Officer Compensation SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS SUMMARY COMPENSATION AND EQUITY TABLES EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OTHER MATTERS 3 6 14 15 16 17 18 27 33 33 34 35 PROXY STATEMENT General Information About the Meeting General The enclosed Proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board of Directors (the ‘‘Board’’) of Coherent, Inc. for use at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the ‘‘Annual Meeting’’ or ‘‘meeting’’) to be held at 8:30 a.m., local time, on February 26, 2014 at the Silicon Valley Capital Club, 50 West San Fernando, San Jose, California 95113, and at any adjournment(s) thereof, for the purposes set forth herein and in the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Our telephone number is (408) 764-4000. These proxy solicitation materials were first mailed on or about January 23, 2014 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Who May Vote at the Meeting? You are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting if our records show that you held your shares as of the close of business of our record date, January 9, 2014 (the ‘‘Record Date’’). On the Record Date, 24,839,166 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value, were issued and outstanding. What Does Each Share of Common Stock I Own Represent? On all matters, each share has one vote, unless, with respect to Proposal 1 regarding the election of directors, cumulative voting is in effect. See ‘‘Election of Directors-Vote Required’’ for a description of cumulative voting rights with respect to the election of directors. How Does a Stockholder Vote? Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to vote by proxy to ensure your vote is counted. If you are entitled to vote, you may do so as follows: (cid:129) Through your broker: If your shares are held through a broker, bank or other nominee (commonly referred to as held in ‘‘street name’’), you will receive instructions from them that you must follow to have your shares voted. If you want to vote in person, you will need to obtain a legal proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee and bring it to the meeting. (cid:129) In person: Attend the Annual Meeting and, if you request, we will give you a ballot at the time of voting. If you have previously submitted a proxy card, you must notify us at the Annual Meeting that you intend to cancel your prior proxy and vote by ballot at the meeting. Matters to be Presented at the Meeting We are not aware of any matters to be presented at the meeting other than those described in this proxy statement. If any other matter is properly presented at the Annual Meeting, your proxy holders (one of the individuals named on your proxy card) will vote your shares in their discretion. The cost of this solicitation will be borne by us. We may reimburse brokerage firms and other persons representing (cid:129) Returning a Proxy Card: Simply complete, sign and date the enclosed proxy card and return it promptly in the envelope provided. If your signed proxy card is received before the Annual Meeting, the designated proxies will vote your shares as you direct. (cid:129) Using the Telephone: Dial toll-free 1-800-690-6903 using a touch-tone phone and follow the recorded instructions. You will be asked to provide the control number from the enclosed proxy card. (cid:129) Through the Internet: go to www.proxyvote.com to complete an electronic proxy card. You will be asked to provide the control number from the enclosed proxy card. For telephone or Internet use, your vote must be received by 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time on February 25, 2014 to be counted. If you return a signed and dated proxy card without marking any voting directions, your shares will be voted ‘‘for’’ the election of all seven nominees for director and ‘‘for’’ all other proposals. beneficial owners of shares for their expenses in forwarding solicitation material to such beneficial owners. In addition, proxies may be solicited by certain of our directors, officers and regular employees, without additional compensation, personally or by telephone or facsimile. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 3 GENERAL INFORMATION Revoking Your Proxy If you hold your shares in street name, you must follow the instructions of your broker, bank or other nominee to revoke your voting instructions. If you are a holder of record and wish to revoke your proxy instructions, you must (i) advise the Corporate Secretary in writing at 5100 Patrick Henry Dr., Santa Clara, California 95054 before the proxies vote your shares at the meeting, (ii) timely deliver later-dated proxy instructions or (iii) attend the meeting and vote your shares in person. Attendance at the Annual Meeting All stockholders of record as of the Record Date may attend the Annual Meeting. Please note that cameras, recording devices and similar electronic devices will not be permitted at the Annual Meeting. No items will be allowed into the Annual Meeting that might pose a concern for the safety of those attending. Additionally, to attend the meeting you will need to bring identification and proof sufficient to us that you were a stockholder of record as of the Record Date or that you are a duly authorized representative of a stockholder of record as of the Record Date. For directions to attend the Annual Meeting or other questions, please contact Investor Relations by telephone at (408) 764-4110 no later than 5:00 p.m. (California time) on February 25, 2014. Quorum; Abstentions; Broker Non-Votes Our bylaws provide that stockholders holding a majority of the shares of common stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on the Record Date constitute a quorum at meetings of stockholders. Votes will be counted by the inspector of election appointed for the Annual Meeting, who will separately count ‘‘For’’ and ‘‘Against’’ votes, abstentions and broker non-votes. A ‘‘broker non-vote’’ occurs when a nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner does not vote because the nominee does not have discretionary voting power with respect to the proposal and has not received instructions with respect to the proposal from the beneficial owner. Abstentions will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the election of directors and will have no effect on the outcome of Proposals Two and Three. We intend to separately report abstentions and our Compensation and H.R. Committee will generally view abstentions as neutral when considering the results of Proposal Three. Broker non-votes represented by submitted proxies will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of any proposal. Deadline for Receipt of Stockholder Proposals In order to submit stockholder proposals for the fiscal 2014 annual meeting for inclusion in the Company’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (‘‘SEC Rule 14a-8’’), written materials must be received by the Corporate Secretary at the Company’s principal office in Santa Clara, California no later than September 25, 2014. Stockholder proposals must otherwise comply with the requirements of SEC Rule 14a-8. Proposals must be addressed to: Bret DiMarco, Corporate Secretary, Coherent, Inc., 5100 Patrick Henry Dr., Santa Clara, California 95054. Simply submitting a proposal does not guarantee its inclusion. Section 2.15 of the Company’s bylaws also establishes an advance notice procedure with regards to director nominations and stockholder proposals that are not submitted for inclusion in the proxy statement, but that a stockholder instead wishes to present directly from the floor at any Annual Meeting. To be properly brought before the fiscal 2014 Annual Meeting, a notice of the nomination or the matter the stockholder wishes to present at the meeting must be delivered to the Corporate Secretary (see above), no later than the close of business on the 45th day (December 9, 2014), nor earlier than the close of business on the 75th day (November 9, 2014), prior to the one year anniversary of the date these proxy materials were first mailed by us unless the annual meeting of stockholders is held prior to January 27, 2015 or after April 27, 2015, in which case, the proposal must be received by us not earlier than the 120th day prior to the 4 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement annual meeting and not later than the later of the 90th day prior to the annual meeting and the tenth day following public announcement of the date the annual meeting will be held and must otherwise be in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in order to be considered for inclusion in the proxy statement and form of proxy relating to that meeting. We have not received any notice regarding any such matters to be brought at our fiscal 2013 meeting. If a stockholder who has notified us of his or her intention to present a proposal at an Annual Meeting does not appear to present his or her proposal at such meeting, we need not present the proposal for vote at such meeting. The Chair of the Annual Meeting has the final discretion whether or not to allow any matter to be considered at the meeting which did not timely comply with all applicable notice requirements. If a stockholder wishes only to recommend a candidate for consideration by the Governance and Nominating Committee as a potential nominee for the Company’s Board, see the procedures discussed in ‘‘Proposal One—Election of Directors—Board Meetings and Committees—Process to Recommend Candidates for Election to the Board of Directors.’’ for Stockholders The attached proxy card grants to the proxyholders discretionary authority to vote on any matter raised at the Annual Meeting, including proposals which are timely raised at the meeting, but did not meet the deadline for inclusion in this proxy statement. Eliminating Duplicative Proxy Materials To reduce the expense of delivering duplicate voting materials to our stockholders who may hold shares of Coherent common stock in more than one stock account, we are delivering only one set of the proxy solicitation materials to certain stockholders who share an address, unless otherwise requested. A separate proxy card is included in the voting materials for each of these stockholders. We will promptly deliver, upon written or oral request, a separate copy of the annual report or this proxy statement to a stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of the documents was delivered. To obtain an additional copy, you may write us at 5100 Patrick Henry Drive, Santa Clara, California 95054, Attn: Investor Relations, or contact our Investor Relations department by telephone at (408) 764-4110. Electronic Delivery of Proxy Materials GENERAL INFORMATION Similarly, if you share an address with another stockholder and have received multiple copies of our proxy materials, you may contact us at the address or telephone number specified above to request that only a single copy of these materials be delivered to your address in the future. Stockholders sharing a single address may revoke their consent to receive a single copy of our proxy materials in the future at any time by contacting our distribution agent, Broadridge, either by calling toll-free at 1-800-542-1061, or by writing to Broadridge, Householding Department, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. Broadridge will remove such stockholder from the Householding program within 30 days of receipt of such written notice, after which each such stockholder will receive an individual copy of our proxy materials. In an effort to reduce paper mailed to your home and help lower printing and postage costs, we are offering stockholders the convenience of viewing online proxy statements, annual reports and related materials. With your consent, we can stop sending future paper copies of these documents. To participate during the voting season, registered stockholders may follow the instructions when voting online. Incorporation by Reference To the extent that this proxy statement has been or will be specifically incorporated by reference into any other filing of Coherent with the Securities and Exchange Commission (‘‘SEC’’), the sections of this proxy statement entitled ‘‘Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors’’ (to the extent permitted by the rules of the SEC) and ‘‘Compensation Discussion and Analysis’’ shall not be deemed to be so incorporated (other than in our annual report on Form 10-K), unless specifically provided otherwise in such filing. FURTHER INFORMATION We will provide without charge to each stockholder solicited by these proxy solicitation materials a copy of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2013 without exhibits and any amendments thereto on Form 10-K/A upon request of such stockholder made in writing to Coherent, Inc., 5100 Patrick Henry Drive, Santa Clara, California 95054, Attn: Investor Relations. We will also furnish any exhibit to the annual report on Form 10-K if specifically requested in writing. You can also access our SEC filings, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, and all amendments thereto filed on Form 10 K/A, on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON FEBRUARY 26 2014: The proxy statement and annual report to stockholders are available at www.proxyvote.com. Stockholder List A list of stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available for examination by stockholders of record at the Annual Meeting. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 5 PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS Nominees Seven (7) members of our Board of Directors are to be elected at the Annual Meeting. Unless otherwise instructed, the proxy holders will vote the proxies received by them for the nominees named below. Each nominee has consented to be named a nominee in the proxy statement and to continue to serve as a director if elected. If any nominee becomes unable or declines to serve as a director, if additional persons are nominated at the meeting or if stockholders are entitled to cumulate votes, the proxy holders intend to vote all proxies received by them in such a manner (in accordance with cumulative voting) as will ensure the election of as many of the nominees listed below as possible, and the specific nominees to be voted for will be determined by the proxy holders. We are not aware of any reason that any nominee will be unable or will decline to serve as a director. The term of office of each person elected as a director will continue until the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders or until a successor has been elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. There are no arrangements or understandings between any director or executive officer and any other person pursuant to which he or she is or was to be selected as a director or officer. The names of the nominees, all of whom are currently directors standing for re-election, and certain information about them as of December 31, 2013 are set forth below. All of the nominees have been unanimously recommended for nomination by the Board acting on the unanimous recommendation of the Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board. The committee consists solely of independent members of the Board. There are no family relationships among directors or executive officers of Coherent. Name John R. Ambroseo Jay T. Flatley(3) Susan M. James(1)(2) L. William Krause(2)(3) Garry W. Rogerson(1)(2) Steve Skaggs(1) Sandeep Vij(3) Age Director Since 2002 2011 2008 2009 2004 2013 2004 52 61 67 71 61 51 48 Principal Occupation President and Chief Executive Officer President and Chief Executive Officer of Illumina, Inc. Retired Audit Partner, Ernst & Young President of LWK Ventures Chief Executive Officer of Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Atmel Corporation Former President and Chief Executive Officer of MIPS Technologies, Inc. (1) Member of the Audit Committee. (2) Member of the Governance and Nominating Committee. (3) Member of the Compensation and H.R. Committee. Except as set forth below, each of our directors has been engaged in his or her principal occupation set forth above during the past five years. John R. Ambroseo. Mr. Ambroseo has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer as well as a member of the Board of Directors since October 2002. Mr. Ambroseo served as our Chief Operating Officer from June 2001 through September 2002. Mr. Ambroseo served as our Executive Vice President and as President and General Manager of the Coherent Photonics Group from September 2000 to June 2001. From September 1997 to September 2000, Mr. Ambroseo served as our Executive Vice President and as President and General Manager of the Coherent Laser Group. From March 1997 to September 1997, Mr. Ambroseo served as our Scientific Business Unit Manager. From August 1988, when Mr. Ambroseo joined us, until March 1997, he served as a Sales Engineer, Product Marketing Manager, National Sales Manager and Director of European Operations. Mr. Ambroseo received a Bachelor degree from SUNY-College at Purchase and a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Ambroseo’s status as our Chief Executive Officer, his over 25 year tenure with Coherent, his extensive knowledge of our products, technologies and end markets and his over a decade of service as a director of Coherent make him an invaluable member of our Board of Directors. Jay T. Flatley. Since 1999 Mr. Flatley has served as President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of Illumina, Inc., a leading developer, manufacturer and marketer of life science tools and integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and function. Prior to joining Illumina, Mr. Flatley was 6 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement co-founder, President, Chief Executive Officer, and a member of the Board of Directors of Molecular Dynamics, Inc., a NASDAQ-listed life sciences company focused on genetic discovery and analysis, from 1994 until its sale to Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Inc. in 1998. He served in various other positions with that company from 1987 to 1994. From 1985 to 1987, he was Vice President of Engineering and Vice President of Strategic Planning at Plexus Computers, a UNIX computer company. Mr. Flatley holds a B.A. in Economics from Claremont McKenna College and a B.S. and M.S. in Industrial Engineering from Stanford University. Mr. Flatley’s years of executive and management experience in the high technology industry, including serving as the chief executive officer of several public companies, his service on the board of another publicly held company, and his service as a director of Coherent make him an invaluable member of our Board of Directors. Susan M. James. Ms. James originally joined Ernst & Young, a global leader in professional services, in 1975, serving as a partner from 1987 until her retirement in June 2006, and as a consultant from June 2006 to December 2009. During her tenure with Ernst & Young, she was the lead partner or partner-in-charge for the audit work for a significant number of technology companies, including Intel Corporation, Sun Microsystems, Amazon.com, Autodesk, Inc. and the Hewlett-Packard Company, as well as for the Ernst & Young North America Global Account Network. She also served on the Ernst & Young Americas Executive Board of Directors from January 2002 through June 2006. She is a certified public accountant (inactive) and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Ms. James also serves on the boards of directors of Applied Materials, Inc., a manufacturing equipment, services and software company, Yahoo! Inc., an Internet technology company, and Tri-Valley Animal Rescue, a non-profit corporation dedicated to providing homes for homeless pets. Ms. James holds Bachelor’s degrees in Mathematics from Hunter College and Accounting from San Jose State University. Ms. James’ years in the public accounting industry, her service on the boards and committees of a number of other publicly held companies and her five years of service as a director of Coherent make her an invaluable member of our Board of Directors. L. William Krause. Mr. Krause has been President of LWK Ventures, a private investment firm, since 1991. In addition, Mr. Krause served as Chairman of the Board of Caspian Networks, Inc., an IP networking systems provider, from April 2002 to September 2006 and as Chief Executive Officer from April 2002 until June 2004. He also served as President and Chief Executive Officer of 3Com Corporation, a global data networking company, from 1981 to 1990 and as its Chairman from 1987 to 1993 when he retired. Mr. Krause currently serves as a director of Brocade Communications Systems, Inc., a networking solutions and services company, CommScope Inc., a networking infrastructure company and Core-Mark Holdings, Inc., a distributor of packaged consumer goods. Mr. Krause previously served as a director for the following public companies: Packeteer, Inc., Sybase, Inc. and TriZetto Group, Inc. Mr. Krause holds a B.S. degree in electrical engineering and received an honorary Doctorate of Science from The Citadel. Mr. Krause’s years of executive and management experience in the high technology industry, including serving as the chief executive officer of several companies, his service on the boards and committees of a number of other publicly held companies, and his four years of service as a director of Coherent make him an invaluable member of our Board of Directors. Garry W. Rogerson. Mr. Rogerson has served as Coherent’s Chairman of the Board since June 2007. Since August 2011, Mr. Rogerson has been Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of Advanced Energy Industries, Inc., a provider of power and control technologies for thinfilm manufacturing and solar-power generation. He was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Varian, Inc., a major supplier of scientific instruments and consumable laboratory supplies, vacuum products and services, from February 2009 and 2004, respectively until the purchase of Varian by Agilent Technologies, Inc. in May 2010. Mr. Rogerson served as Varian’s Chief Operating Officer from 2002 to 2004, as Senior Vice President, Scientific Instruments from 2001 to 2002, and as Vice President, Analytical Instruments from 1999 to 2001. Mr. Rogerson received an honours degree and Ph.D. in biochemistry as well as an honorary doctoral science degree from the University of Kent at Canterbury. Mr. Rogerson’s years of executive and management experience in the high technology industry, including serving as the chief executive officer of several public companies, his service on the board of another publicly held Director Independence PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS company, and his nine years of service as a director of Coherent make him an invaluable member of our Board of Directors. Steve Skaggs. Mr. Skaggs currently serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Atmel Corporation, a leading designer, developer and supplier of microcontrollers. Mr. Skaggs joined Atmel in September 2010 and has more than 20 years of experience in the semiconductor industry. From 2008 to September 2010, Mr. Skaggs was employed as an independent management consultant, providing strategic advisory and consulting services to clients. From 2005 to 2008, Mr. Skaggs served as Chief Executive Officer of Lattice Semiconductor, a supplier of programmable logic devices and related software, and also served as President of Lattice from 2003 to 2005 and as Chief Financial Officer of Lattice from 1996 to 2003. He was also previously a member of the Board of Directors of Lattice. Prior to Lattice, Mr. Skaggs was employed by Bain & Company, a global management consulting firm, where he specialized in high technology product corporate and restructurings. Mr. Skaggs holds an MBA degree from the Harvard Business School and a BS degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. strategy, mergers acquisitions and Mr. Skaggs’ years of executive and management experience in the high technology industry, including serving as the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of other public companies, his prior service on the board of another publicly held company and his service as a director of Coherent make him an invaluable member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Skaggs was identified as a potential director by the Governance and Nominating Committee’s independent search firm. Sandeep Vij. Mr. Vij is a private investor. Previously, he held the position of President and Chief Executive Officer of MIPS Technologies, Inc., a leading provider of processor architectures and cores, from January 2010 until its sale in February 2013. In addition, Mr. Vij had been the Vice President and General Manager of the Broadband and Consumer Division of Cavium Networks, Inc., a leading provider of highly integrated semiconductor products from May 2008 to January 2010. Prior to that, he held the position of Vice President of Worldwide Marketing, Services and Support for Xilinx Inc., a digital programmable logic device provider, from 2007 to April 2008. From 2001 to 2006, he held the position of Vice President of Worldwide Marketing at Xilinx. From 1997 to 2001, he served as Vice President and General Manager of the General Products Division at Xilinx. Mr. Vij joined Xilinx in 1996 as Director of FPGA Marketing. He is a graduate of General Electric’s Edison Engineering Program and Advanced Courses in Engineering. He holds an MSEE from Stanford University and a BSEE from San Jose State University. Mr. Vij’s years of executive and management experience in the high technology industry, including serving as the chief executive officer of another public company, his service on the board of another publicly held company, and his nine years of service as a director of Coherent make him an invaluable member of our Board of Directors. The Board has determined that, with the exception of Mr. Ambroseo, all of its current members and all of the nominees for director are ‘‘independent directors’’ as that term is defined in the marketplace rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 7 PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS Board Meetings and Committees The Board held a total of five (5) meetings during fiscal 2013. During fiscal 2013, the Board had three standing committees: the Audit Committee; the Compensation and H.R. Committee; and the Governance and Nominating Committee. From time to time, the Board may create limited ad hoc committees, service on which does not provide additional compensation. In the past, the Board has also established special committees, which did provide compensation for services. No director serving during fiscal 2013 attended fewer than 75% of the aggregate of all meetings of the Board and the committees of the Board upon which such director served. All of the members of each standing committee are ‘‘independent’’ as defined under the applicable rules established by the Nasdaq Stock Market. Audit Committee The Audit Committee, which has been established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act, consists of directors James, Rogerson, Skaggs and Tomlinson. The Audit Committee held thirteen (13) meetings during fiscal 2013. The Board has determined that directors James, Rogerson, Skaggs and Tomlinson are ‘‘audit committee financial experts’’ as that term is defined in the rules of the SEC. Among other things, the Audit Committee has the sole authority for appointing and supervising our independent registered public accounting firm and is primarily responsible for approving the services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm and for reviewing and evaluating our accounting principles and our system of internal accounting controls. Compensation and H.R. Committee During fiscal 2013, the Compensation and H.R. Committee of the Board consists of directors Krause, Flatley and Vij. Mr. Tomlinson served on the committee until January 1, 2013. All of the members of the Compensation and H.R. Committee are ‘‘independent’’ as defined under the marketplace rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The Compensation and H.R. Committee held eight (8) meetings during fiscal 2013. The Compensation and H.R. Committee, among other things, reviews and approves our executive compensation policies and programs, and makes equity grants to our employees, including officers, pursuant to our equity plans. This committee has the sole authority delegated to it by the Board to make employee equity grants, which must be done at a meeting rather than by written consent. For additional the committee’s processes and procedures for the consideration and determination of executive compensation, see ‘‘Compensation Discussion and Analysis’’. information about Governance and Nominating Committee The Governance and Nominating Committee consists of directors James, Krause and Rogerson. The Governance and Nominating Committee held five (5) meetings during fiscal 2013. The Governance and Nominating Committee, among other things, assists the Board by making recommendations to the Board on matters concerning director nominations and elections, board committees and corporate governance and compensation for directors. For fiscal 2013, the committee retained an independent compensation consultant to advise it on Board compensation. Copies of the charters for each of our committees may be found on our website at www.coherent.com under ‘‘Investor Relations.’’ Attendance at Annual Meeting of Stockholders by the members of the Board of Directors All directors are encouraged, but not required, to attend our annual meeting of stockholders. At our annual meeting held on February 27, 2013, all members of the Board attended in person. Process for Stockholders to Recommend Candidates for Election to the Board of Directors The Governance and Nominating Committee will consider nominees properly recommended by stockholders. A stockholder that desires to recommend a candidate for election to the Board must direct the recommendation in writing to us at our principal offices (Attention: Bret DiMarco, Corporate Secretary) and must include the candidate’s name, age, home and business contact information, principal occupation or employment, the number of shares beneficially owned by the nominee, whether any hedging transactions have been entered into by the nominee or on his or her behalf, information regarding any arrangements or understandings between the nominee and the stockholder nominating the nominee or any other persons relating to the nomination, a written statement by the nominee acknowledging that the nominee will owe a fiduciary duty to Coherent if elected, a written statement of the nominee that such nominee, if elected, intends to tender, promptly following such nominee’s election or re-election, an irrevocable resignation effective upon such nominee’s failure to receive the required vote for re-election at the next meeting at which such nominee would face re-election and upon acceptance of such resignation by the board of directors, in accordance with the corporation’s guidelines or policies, and any other information required to be disclosed about the nominee if proxies were to be solicited to elect the nominee as a director. For a stockholder recommendation to be considered by the Governance and Nominating Committee as a potential candidate at an annual meeting, nominations must be received on or before the deadline for receipt of stockholder proposals for such meeting. In the event a stockholder decides to nominate a candidate for director and solicits proxies for such candidate, the stockholder will need to follow the rules set forth by the SEC and in our bylaws. See ‘‘General Information About The Meeting-Deadline for Receipt of Stockholder Proposals.’’ 8 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement The Governance and Nominating Committee’s criteria and process for evaluating and identifying the candidates that it approves as director nominees are as follows: (cid:129) the Governance and Nominating Committee regularly reviews the current composition and size of the Board; (cid:129) the Governance and Nominating Committee reviews the qualifications of any candidates who have been properly recommended by a stockholder, as well as those candidates who have been identified by management, individual members of the Board or, if the Governance and Nominating Committee determines, a search firm. Such review may, in the Governance and Nominating Committee’s discretion, include a review solely of information provided to the Governance and Nominating Committee or may also include discussions with persons familiar with the candidate, an interview with the candidate or other actions that the committee deems proper; (cid:129) the Governance and Nominating Committee evaluates the performance of the Board as a whole and evaluates the qualifications of individual members of the Board eligible for re-election at the annual meeting of stockholders; (cid:129) the Governance and Nominating Committee considers the suitability of each candidate, including the current members of the Board, in light of the current size and composition of the Board. Except as may be required by rules promulgated by the Nasdaq Stock Market or the SEC, it is the current belief of the Governance and Nominating Committee that there are no specific, minimum qualifications that must be met by any candidate for the Board, nor are there specific qualities or skills that are necessary for one or more of the members of the Board to possess. In evaluating the qualifications of the candidates, the Governance and Nominating Committee considers many factors, including, issues of character, judgment, independence, age, expertise, diversity of experience, length of service, other commitments and the like. While Coherent does not have a formal policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying director nominees, as noted above, diversity of experience is one of many factors that the committee considers; PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS (cid:129) the Governance and Nominating Committee evaluates such factors, among others, and does not assign any particular weighting or priority to any of these factors. The Governance and Nominating Committee considers each individual candidate in the context of the current perceived needs of the Board as a whole. While the Governance and Nominating Committee has not established specific minimum qualifications for director candidates, the committee believes that candidates and nominees must reflect a Board that is comprised of directors who (i) are predominantly independent, (ii) are of high integrity, (iii) have qualifications that will increase the overall effectiveness of the Board, and (iv) meet other requirements as may be required by applicable rules, such as financial literacy or financial expertise with respect to audit committee members; (cid:129) in evaluating and identifying candidates, the Governance and Nominating Committee has the authority to retain and terminate any third party search firm that is used to identify director candidates and has the authority to approve the fees and retention terms of any search firm; and (cid:129) after such review and consideration, the Governance and Nominating Committee recommends the slate of director nominees to the full Board for its approval. The Governance and Nominating Committee will endeavor to notify, or cause to be notified, all director candidates, including those recommended by a stockholder, of its decision as to whether to nominate such individual for election to the Board. Our corporate governance guidelines require that upon a member of the Board turning 72 years old, he or she shall submit a conditional resignation to the Governance and Nominating Committee effective upon the next annual meeting of stockholders. The committee then determines whether to recommend to the Board acceptance of such resignation. Mr. Tomlinson is retiring from the Board at the upcoming annual meeting after serving on the Board since 2003 pursuant to the Board’s retirement age policy. Majority Voting and Conditional Resignations from the Board of Directors Upon the recommendation of the Governance and Nominating Committee the Board of Directors amended our bylaws, effective December 1, 2013, to change the voting standard for the election of directors that are not Contested Elections (as defined below) from a plurality to a majority of the votes cast. A majority of the votes cast means the number of votes cast ‘‘for’’ a director’s election exceeds the number of votes cast against that director’s election (with ‘‘abstentions’’ and ‘‘broker non-votes’’ not counted as a vote cast either ‘‘for’’ or ‘‘against’’ that director’s election). However, if the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected (a ‘‘Contested Election’’), the directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast. In connection with the amendment to the Bylaws establishing a majority vote standard for the election of directors in elections that are not Contested Elections, the Board also adopted a director election policy to (i) establish procedures under which any incumbent director who fails to receive a majority of the votes cast in an election that is not a Contested Election shall tender his or her resignation to the Governance and Nominating Committee for consideration; and (ii) provide that the Governance and Nominating Committee will make recommendations to the Board regarding the actions to be taken with respect to all such offers to resign. The Board shall act on the resignation within 90 days following certification of the election results. In the event that the Board does not accept such resignation, then such director shall continue to serve until such time as his or her successor is elected. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 9 PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS Stockholder Communication with the Board of Directors While the Board believes that management speaks for Coherent, any stockholder may contact any of our directors by writing to them by mail at our principal executive offices (c/o Corporate Secretary), the address of which appears on the inside back cover of this proxy statement. Any stockholder may report to us any complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters. Any stockholder who wishes to so contact us should send such complaints to the Audit Committee c/o Corporate Secretary, at our principal executive offices, the address of which appears on the inside back cover of this proxy statement. Any stockholder communications that the Board is to receive will first go to our Corporate Secretary, who will log the date of receipt of the Independent Chair and Board Leadership communication as well as the identity and contact information of the correspondent in our stockholder communications log. Our Corporate Secretary will review, summarize and, if appropriate, investigate the complaint under the direction of the appropriate committee of the Board in a timely manner. In the case of accounting or auditing related matters, a member of the Audit Committee, or the Audit Committee as a whole, will then review the summary of the communication, the results of the investigation, if any, and, if appropriate, the draft response. The summary and response will be in the form of a memo, which will become part of the stockholder communications log that the Corporate Secretary maintains with respect to all stockholder communications. Our Board leadership structure consists of an independent Chairman, who is elected by the independent directors, and independent committee chairs. We separate the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman in recognition of the differences between the two roles. The Board believes this structure provides independent Board leadership and engagement. Given that our Chairman is an independent director, the Board does not feel the need for a separate ‘‘lead independent director,’’ as our independent Chairman performs that function. The Board takes its independence seriously and reinforces this standard with seven of its eight members (with six of seven following the Annual Meeting) being independent. The Role of the Board and its Committees in Risk Oversight The Board oversees Coherent’s risk profile and management’s processes for assessing and managing risk, both as a whole Board and through its committees, with our Governance and Nominating Committee delegated the responsibility for assigning oversight responsibilities to each committee and the Board as a whole. Our senior executive team provides regular updates to the Board and each committee regarding our strategies and objectives and the risks inherent with them. Each regular meeting of the Board includes a discussion of risks related to the Company’s financial results and operations and each committee schedules risk-related presentations regularly throughout the year. In addition our directors have access to our management to discuss any matters of interest, including those related to risk. Those members of management most knowledgeable of the issues attend Board and committee meetings to provide additional insight on the matters being discussed, including risk exposures. Our Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel both report directly to our Chief Executive Officer, providing him with further visibility to our risk profile. A Vice President, Finance is the designated officer overseeing our enterprise risk management program and works closely with both our Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel on these matters. These regular meetings also provide our Board members the opportunity to discuss issues of concern directly with management. In general the Board and its committees oversee the following risk categories: (cid:129) The Board oversees generally the Company’s overall enterprise risk management process and specifically with regards to the areas of strategy, mergers and acquisitions, communications and operations; (cid:129) The Audit Committee generally oversees risks primarily related to financial controls, IT, accounting, tax, treasury, capital, legal, regulatory and compliance; (cid:129) The Compensation and H.R. Committee generally oversees our compensation programs so that they do not incentivize excessive risk taking as well as overseeing human resources related risks; and (cid:129) The Governance and Nominating Committee oversees the assignment of risk oversight categories by each particular committee and/or the Board as a whole as well as those risks related to compensation of members of the Board, succession planning for the Board and Chief Executive Officer. the Company’s In the fall of 2013, management presented an assessment of the risks associated with compensation plans. The Compensation and H.R. Committee agreed with the conclusion that the risks were within our ability to effectively monitor and manage and that these risks are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. 10 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement Additional Governance Matters On December 12, 2013, the Board of Directors (acting on the recommendation of the Governance and Nominating Committee) approved the updated Corporate Governance Guidelines, which include, among other items (in addition to those items described elsewhere in this proxy): (cid:129) At each meeting of the Board of Directors the independent directors will also meet in executive session without the presence of management; (cid:129) To avoid ‘‘over-boarding’’ the Company maintains the following limits on service on other boards: (cid:129) CEO-No more than one (1) other public company board of directors in addition to the Company; Fiscal 2013 Director Compensation PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS (cid:129) Independent Directors-No more than four (4) other public company board of directors in addition to the Company; (cid:129) Audit Committee members-No more than three (3) other public company audit committees in addition to the Company; (cid:129) Each independent member of the Board of Directors must within five years acquire and thereafter maintain a minimum value of Company stock equal to three times such director’s annual Board cash retainer (exclusive of any cash retainer for service as Chair or committee service); (cid:129) The Board is responsible for reviewing the Company’s succession planning and senior management development on an annual basis. During fiscal 2013, we paid our non-employee directors an annual retainer (depending upon position) and for service on the Board as follows: Position Board Member Board Chair Audit Committee Chair Compensation and H.R. Comm. Chair Governance & Nominating Comm. Chair Audit Committee member (non-Chair) Compensation and H.R. Committee member (non-Chair) Governance and Nominating Committee member (non-Chair) Annual Retainer 40,000 40,000 34,000 16,000 10,750 12,500 8,500 6,500 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2013, the annual retainer for the Board Chair was increased to $40,000. The increase was approved by the Governance and Nominating Committee after a review of the compensation of the Board of Directors by the committee’s independent compensation consultant, Compensia. In particular, Compensia noted that the Chair annual retainer was significantly below the median compensation measured against the Company’s peer group (which was the same group used for comparing compensation for the named executive officers). The chart below summarizes the gross cash amounts earned by non-employee directors for service during fiscal 2013 on the Board and its committees (all amounts in dollars): Name Jay T. Flatley Susan M. James L. William Krause Garry W. Rogerson Lawrence Tomlinson Sandeep Vij Annual Board Service 40,000 40,000 40,000 74,000(1) $ 40,000 $ 40,000 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Audit Committee — $ 34,000 — $ 12,500 12,500 $ — $ Compensation and H.R. Committee 8,500 Nominating and Governance Committee 8,500 — $ $ — $ 2,125(2) 16,000 6,500 6,500 10,750 — $ $ $ $ — $ — $ Total 48,500 80,500 55,000 97,250 54,625 56,000 (1) Includes Mr. Rogerson’s service as Chairman of the Board. Effective January 1, 2013, Mr. Rogerson’s service fee as Chairman of the Board was increased to $40,000. (2) Effective January 1, 2013, Mr. Tomlinson was no longer a member of the Compensation Committee. * Note that Mr. Skaggs was appointed to the Board at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2014 and, accordingly, is not reflected in any of the fiscal 2013-related Board tables. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 11 PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS The chart below presents information concerning the total compensation of our directors for services (including both Board and, where applicable, committee service) provided during the fiscal year ended September 28, 2013: Name Jay T. Flatley Susan M. James L. William Krause Garry W. Rogerson Lawrence Tomlinson Sandeep Vij Fees Paid in Cash ($)(1) 48,500 80,500 55,000 97,250 54,625 56,000 ($)(2)(3) 201,460 201,460 201,460 201,460 201,460 201,460 Stock Awards Option Awards ($)(4) Total ($) — 249,960 — 281,960 — 256,460 — 298,710 — 256,085 — 257,460 (1) These amounts are the amounts earned by non-employee directors for service (including both Board and, where applicable, committee service) during fiscal 2013 (2) These amounts do not reflect compensation actually received. Rather, these amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with ASC 718, for restricted stock units (‘‘RSUs’’) and stock options which were granted in fiscal 2013. The assumptions used to calculate the value of these stock units and stock options are set forth in Note 12. ‘‘Employee Stock Option and Benefit Plans’’ of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 28, 2013. (3) The directors’ aggregate RSU grants as of September 28, 2013 were as follows: Name Jay T. Flatley Susan M. James L. William Krause Garry W. Rogerson Lawrence Tomlinson Sandeep Vij Shares(a) 5,500(b) 3,500(c) 3,500(c) 3,500(c) 3,500(c) 3,500(c) (a) The shares underlying the RSUs will vest to the extent an individual is a member of the Board of Directors on the applicable vesting date. (b) 3,500 shares vest on February 15, 2014 and 2,000 shares vest on September 20, 2014. (c) 3,500 shares vest on February 15, 2014. (4) No stock option awards were granted to members of the Board during fiscal 2013. The directors’ aggregate holdings of stock option awards (both vested and unvested) as of September 28, 2013 were as follows: Name Jay T. Flatley Susan M. James L. William Krause Garry W. Rogerson Lawrence Tomlinson Sandeep Vij The following table shows equity grants received by non-employee directors in fiscal 2013: Name Jay T. Flatley Susan M. James L. William Krause Garry W. Rogerson Lawrence Tomlinson Sandeep Vij Shares 24,000 — 30,000 — — — Restricted Stock Units Granted in Fiscal 2013 (# shares) 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 Our stockholders approved the adoption of our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan at our annual meeting held in March 2011 (the ‘‘2011 Plan’’). The Board has adopted resolutions automatically granting under the 2011 Plan each non-employee member of the Board of Directors 3,500 RSUs upon such member’s reelection to the Board, with vesting on February 15 of the following year. Effective in December 2011, the Board determined that upon the initial appointment of a non-employee member to the Board, such new director will receive a grant of 3,500 RSUs, which vest over two years (fifty percent on each anniversary of grant). For option grants held by a director who retires after at least eight years of service on the Board which are outstanding under the 1998 Director Plan, such grants will fully vest and the director will have the right to exercise his or her option as to both vested and unvested shares as of such date. The option will remain exercisable for the lesser of (i) two (2) years following the date of such director’s retirement or (ii) the expiration of the option’s original term. This provision was not adopted for option grants under the 2011 Plan. 12 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement PROPOSAL ONE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS With the adoption of our 2011 Plan, the 1998 Director Plan has been terminated other than for outstanding historical grants made thereunder. As of September 28, 2013, 548,000 shares have been issued upon the exercise of options and the vesting of RSUs under the 1998 Director Plan. Option Exercises and Stock Vested at 2013 Fiscal Year-End The table below sets forth certain information for each non-employee director regarding the exercise of options and the vesting of stock awards during the year ended September 28, 2013, including the aggregate value realized upon such exercise or vesting. Name Jay T. Flatley Susan M. James L. William Krause Garry W. Rogerson Lawrence Tomlinson Sandeep Vij Option Awards Stock Awards Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#) — 18,000 — 6,000 18,000 — Value Realized on Exercise ($)(1) — 466,840 — 84,360 334,032 — Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#) 3,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 Value Realized on Vesting ($)(2) 209,965 322,665 322,665 322,665 322,665 322,665 (1) Reflects the difference between the exercise price of the option and market price of our Common Stock on the exercise date. (2) Reflects the market price of our Common Stock on the vesting date. Vote Required Every stockholder voting for the election of directors may cumulate such stockholder’s votes and give one candidate a number of votes equal to the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of votes to which the stockholder’s shares are entitled. Alternatively, a stockholder may distribute his or her votes on the same principle among as many candidates as the stockholder thinks fit, provided that votes cannot be cast for more than seven (7) candidates. However, no stockholder will be entitled to cumulate votes for a candidate unless (i) such candidate’s name has been properly placed in nomination for election at the Annual Meeting prior to the voting and (ii) the stockholder, or any other stockholder, has given notice at the meeting prior to the voting of the intention to cumulate the stockholder’s votes. If cumulative voting occurs at the meeting and you do not specify how to distribute your votes, your proxy holders (the individuals named on your proxy card) will cumulate votes in such a manner as will ensure the election of as many of the nominees listed above as possible, and the specific nominees to be voted for will be determined by the proxy holders. If a quorum is present, the seven (7) nominees receiving the highest number of votes will be elected to the Board. See ‘‘Information Concerning Solicitation and Voting-Quorum; Abstentions; Broker Non-Votes.’’ The Board recommends that Stockholders vote ‘‘FOR’’ the seven nominees presented herein. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 13 PROPOSAL TWO RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP AS INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Audit Committee of the Board has selected Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, to audit our financial statements for the fiscal year ending September 27, 2014, and recommends that stockholders vote for ratification of such appointment. Deloitte & Touche LLP has audited our financial statements since the fiscal year ended September 25, 1976. Although ratification by stockholders is not required by law, the Audit Committee has determined that it is desirable to request ratification of this selection by the stockholders as a matter of good corporate practice. Notwithstanding its selection, the Audit Committee, in its discretion, may appoint a new independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if the Audit Committee Principal Accounting Fees and Services believes that such a change would be in the best interest of Coherent and its stockholders. If the stockholders do not ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Audit Committee may reconsider its selection. The Audit Committee selected Deloitte & Touche LLP to audit our financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2013, which was ratified by our stockholders. Representatives of Deloitte & Touche LLP are expected to be present at the meeting and will be afforded the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so. The representatives of Deloitte & Touche LLP are also expected to be available to respond to appropriate questions. The following table sets forth fees for services provided by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the member firms of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and their respective affiliates (collectively, ‘‘Deloitte’’) during fiscal years 2013 and 2012: 2012 Audit fees(1) 1,725,000 Audit-related fees(2) 172,632 Tax fees(3) — All other fees(4) 2,200 Total 1,899,832 (1) Represents fees for professional services provided in connection with the integrated audit of our annual financial statements and internal control over financial reporting and review of our quarterly financial statements, advice on accounting matters that arose during the audit and audit services provided in connection with other statutory or regulatory filings. 2013 1,818,000 79,126 135,337 2,200 2,034,663 $ $ $ $ (2) For fiscal 2013, represents $79,126 in fees for due diligence associated with our acquisition activities in fiscal 2013. For fiscal 2012, represents $146,874 in fees for due diligence associated with our acquisition activities in fiscal 2012 and $25,578 for services related to the review of our XBRL filings. (3) Represents tax compliance and related services. (4) Represents the annual subscription for access to the Deloitte Accounting Research Tool, which is a searchable on-line accounting database. Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services The Audit Committee has determined that the provision of non-audit services by Deloitte is compatible with maintaining Deloitte’s independence. In accordance with its charter, the Audit Committee approves in advance all audit and non-audit services to be provided by Deloitte. In other cases, the Chairman of the Audit Committee has the delegated authority from the Committee to pre-approve certain additional services, and such pre-approvals are communicated to the full Committee at its next meeting. During fiscal years 2013 and 2012, 100% of the services were pre-approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with this policy. Vote Required The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast will be required to ratify the selection of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending September 27, 2014. The Audit Committee and the Board recommends that ‘‘FOR’’ the ratification of the Stockholders vote appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending September 27, 2014. 14 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement PROPOSAL THREE ADVISORY VOTE TO APPROVE EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION At our Annual Meeting in March 2011, our stockholders indicated that they would like to have an annual advisory vote on executive compensation. Accordingly, our Board of Directors proposes that stockholders provide advisory (non-binding) approval of the compensation of our named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the SEC, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the Fiscal 2013 Summary Compensation Table and related tables and disclosure. As described in our Compensation Discussion and Analysis, we have adopted an executive compensation philosophy designed to provide alignment between executive pay and performance and to focus executives on making decisions that enhance our stockholder value in both the short and long term. Executives are compensated in a manner consistent with Coherent’s strategy, competitive practices, stockholder interest alignment, and evolving compensation governance standards. Vote Required Under our bylaws the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast is required to approve the compensation of our named executive officers disclosed in this proxy statement. The vote is an advisory vote, and therefore not binding. Our Board of Directors values the opinions of our stockholders and to the extent there is any significant vote against the named executive officer compensation as disclosed in this proxy statement, we will consider our stockholders’ concerns and the Compensation and H.R. Committee will evaluate whether any actions are necessary to address those concerns. Recommendation The Board of Directors unanimously recommends that Stockholders vote ‘‘FOR’’ the approval of our Executive Officer Compensation disclosed in this proxy statement. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 15 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2013, certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of common stock by (i) any person (including any ‘‘group’’ as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our voting securities, (ii) each director and each nominee for director, (iii) each of the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table appearing herein, and (iv) all executive officers and directors as a group, based on information available to the Company as of filing this proxy statement. We do not know of any arrangements, including any pledge by any person of our securities, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each stockholder in the table below is c/o Coherent, Inc., 5100 Patrick Henry Drive, Santa Clara, California 95054. Name and Address Eagle Asset Management, Inc.(2) 880 Carillon Parkway St. Petersburg, FL 33716 Blackrock Fund Advisors(2) 400 Howard St. San Francisco, CA 94105 Vanguard Group Inc.(2) P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482 John R. Ambroseo Helene Simonet Paul Sechrist(3) Bret DiMarco Mark Sobey Jay T. Flatley(4) Susan M. James(5) L. William Krause(6) Garry W. Rogerson(7) Steve Skaggs Lawrence Tomlinson(8) Sandeep Vij(9) All directors and executive officers as a group (13 persons)(10) * Represents less than 1%. Number of Shares Percent of Total(1) 2,085,024 8.39% 1,950,642 7.85% 1,477,907 154,334 23,767 35,349 12,842 9,470 23,000 8,000 44,500 19,500 — 7,000 11,400 373,036 5.95% * * * * * * * * * * * * 1.5% (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Based upon 24,839,166 shares of Coherent common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2013. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, each share of Coherent common stock subject to options held by that person that are currently exercisable or will be exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2013 and all RSUs which will vest within 60 days of December 31, 2013, are deemed outstanding. In addition, such shares, are not deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Based on the institutional holding report provided by NASDAQ, which reflects the most recent Schedule 13D, 13F or 13G (or amendments thereto) filed by such person with the SEC, or a Schedule 13D, 13F or 13G filing made after our receipt of this report. Includes 8,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Sechrist which were exercisable or would become exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2013. Includes 16,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Flatley which were exercisable and 3,500 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of December 31, 2013. Includes 3,500 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of December 31, 2013 held by Ms. James. Includes 30,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Krause which were exercisable and 3,500 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of December 31, 2013. Includes 3,500 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of December 31, 2013 held by Mr. Rogerson. Includes 3,500 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of December 31, 2013 held by Mr. Tomlinson. Includes 3,500 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of December 31, 2013 held by Mr. Vij. (10) Includes an aggregate of 68,000 options and 21,000 shares issuable upon vesting of RSU’s which were exercisable or would become exercisable or vested, as the case may be, within 60 days of December 31, 2013. 16 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the ‘‘Exchange Act’’) requires our officers and directors, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. Such officers, directors and ten-percent stockholders are also required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of all forms that they file pursuant to Section 16(a). Based solely on our review of the copies of such forms received by us, and on written representations from certain reporting persons that no other reports were required for such persons, we believe that, during fiscal 2013, our officers, directors and, to our knowledge, greater than ten percent stockholders complied with all applicable Section 16(a) filing requirements. OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS The name, age, position and a brief account of the business experience of our Chief Executive Officer and each of our other executive officers as of December 31, 2013 are set forth below: Name John R. Ambroseo Helene Simonet Mark Sobey Paul Sechrist Luis Spinelli Bret DiMarco Age 52 61 53 54 65 45 Please see heading ‘‘Nominees’’ under Proposal One above for Mr. Ambroseo’s biographical information. Helene Simonet. Ms. Simonet has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since April 2002. Ms. Simonet served as Vice President of Finance of our former Medical Group and Vice President of Finance, Photonics Division from December 1999 to April 2002. Prior to joining Coherent, she spent over twenty years in senior finance positions at Raychem Corporation’s Division and Corporate organizations, including Vice President of Finance of Raynet Corporation. Ms. Simonet has both Master’s and Bachelor degrees from the University of Leuven, Belgium. Mark Sobey. Mr. Sobey was appointed Executive Vice President of Coherent and General Manager of Specialty Laser Systems (SLS) in April 2010. He had previously served as Senior Vice President and General Manager for the SLS Business Group, which primarily serves the Microelectronics and Research markets, since joining Coherent in July 2007 until April 2010. Prior to Coherent, Mr. Sobey has spent over 20 years in the Laser and Fiber Optics Telecommunications industries, including roles as Senior Vice President Product Management at Cymer from January 2006 through June 2007 and prior to that as Senior Vice President Global Sales at JDS Uniphase through October 2005. He received his PhD in Engineering and BSc in Physics, both from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland. Paul Sechrist. Mr. Paul Sechrist was appointed Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Service in March 2011. He has over 30 years of experience with Coherent, including roles as Senior Vice President and General Manager of Commercial Lasers and Components from October 2008 to March 2011, Vice President and Office Held President and Chief Executive Officer Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Executive Vice President and General Manager, Specialty Laser Systems Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Service Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary General Manager of Specialty Laser Systems, Santa Clara from March 2008 to October 2008 and Vice President for Components from April 2005 to October 2008. Mr. Sechrist received an AA degree from San Jose City College, with Physics studies at California State University, Hayward. Luis Spinelli. Mr. Spinelli has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer since February 2004. Mr. Spinelli joined the Company in May 1985 and has since held various engineering and managerial positions, including Vice President, Advanced Research from April 2000 to September 2002 and Vice President, Corporate Research from September 2002 to February 2004. Mr. Spinelli has led the Advanced Research Unit from its inception in 1998, whose charter is to identify and evaluate new and emerging technologies of interest for us across a range of disciplines in the laser field. Mr. Spinelli holds a degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina with post-graduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Bret M. DiMarco. Mr. DiMarco has served as our Executive Vice President and General Counsel since June 2006 and our Corporate Secretary since February 2007. From February 2003 until May 2006, Mr. DiMarco was a member and from October 1995 until January 2003 was an associate at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C., a law firm. Mr. DiMarco received a Bachelor’s degree from the University of California at Irvine and a Juris Doctorate degree from the Law Center at the University of Southern California. He is also an adjunct professor of law at the University of California Hastings College of the Law, teaching corporate law and mergers & acquisitions. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 17 COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Introduction In this section, we describe the material components of our executive compensation program for our ‘‘Named Executive Officers’’ or ‘‘NEOs’’: Name John R. Ambroseo Helene Simonet Mark Sobey Paul Sechrist Bret DiMarco Title President and Chief Executive Officer Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Executive Vice President and General Manager, Specialty Laser Systems Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Service Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary We also provide an overview of our executive compensation philosophy, principal compensation policies and practices by which the Compensation and H.R. Committee arrives at its decisions regarding NEO compensation. Stockholder Feedback The committee carefully considers feedback from our stockholders regarding our executive compensation program, including the results of our annual advisory vote on executive compensation, which (as seen below) has historically been strongly supported by our stockholders. All stockholders are invited to express their views to the committee as described in this proxy under the heading ‘‘Stockholder Communication with the Board of Directors.’’ We strongly urge our stockholders to read this Compensation Discussion and Analysis in conjunction with the advisory vote under Proposal Three. Executive Summary Our Business Founded in 1966, we are a world leader in providing photonics based solutions to the commercial and scientific research markets. Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and is part of the Russell 2000 and Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Index. For more information about our business, please read ‘‘Business’’ and ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations’’ sections in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with SEC on November 27, 2013. Selected Business Highlights Fiscal 2013 saw Coherent maintain its strong financial performance. This financial performance allowed us to continue to invest in the development of new technologies and to prudently return money to our stockholders through a one-time $24 million special dividend. These results, however, did not fully meet the performance requirements under our executive compensation programs and you 18 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement will see in the coming pages that our executive variable cash compensation program had a significantly lower payout than targeted. Set forth below are tables reflecting several performance metrics from the last three fiscal years. Our revenue decreased 4% from fiscal 2011 to fiscal 2012 and grew 5% from fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2013 (dollars in millions): Our pro forma EBITDA% decreased from 19.5% to 18.4% from fiscal 2011 to fiscal 2012 and decreased to 17.8% in fiscal 2013: 14JAN201422040425 Our non-GAAP earnings per share declined 11% from fiscal 2011 to fiscal 2012 and grew 9% from fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2013: 16JAN201414504405 16JAN201414504213 For a reconciliation table of earnings per share on a GAAP basis and EBITDA % to net income as a percentage of revenue, please refer to the ‘‘Reconciliation Table’’ at the end of this section. COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS officer during fiscal 2013 at target, maximum and actual can be illustrated as follows (*) (dollars in thousands): Compensation Overview Compensation Philosophy. Our approach to compensating our executives is to tie total compensation to stockholder value by our results of operations and the comparative performance of our stock price. This approach provides strong alignment between executive pay and performance and focuses executives on making decisions that enhance our stockholder value in both the short and long-term. We design our executive compensation program to achieve the following goals: (cid:129) Pay for Performance, with both short and long-term measurements—A significant portion of the annual compensation of our executives is designed to vary with annual business performance and the relative performance of Coherent’s trading price in comparison to the Russell 2000 Index. (cid:129) Tie compensation to performance of the core business—Our fiscal 2013 annual cash bonus plan was dependent upon Coherent’s achievement against two thresholds: adjusted EBITDA dollars and revenue. The committee felt these were the most effective metrics for tying management’s compensation directly to Coherent’s core operating results. (cid:129) Retain and Hire Talented Executives—Executives should have market competitive compensation and the committee positions the midpoint of our target total compensation ranges near the 50th percentile of our peer group (as noted below), with actual compensation falling above or below depending upon Coherent’s financial performance. (cid:129) Align stockholder compensation with interests—Our stockholders benefit from continued strong operating performance by the Company and the committee believes that having a significant portion of compensation tied to equity with both time and performance-based vesting requirements directly aligns management to stockholder returns. Grants of performance-based RSUs in fiscal 2013 have a single vesting date three years from grant solely dependent upon the performance of Coherent’s common stock price measured against the Russell 2000 Index. For each 1% Coherent’s common stock exceeds the performance of the Russell 2000 Index for the trailing 90 trading days from the vesting measurement date against the comparable period from the date of grant, the grant recipient will get a 2% increase in the number of shares above target (up to a maximum cap), and for each 1% below the Russell 2000 Index’s performance, a 2% decrease in the number of shares (down to zero). The maximum achievable amounts under the performance-based RSUs make up the largest potential portion of the equity grants for our chief executive officer. Elements of Executive Compensation. During fiscal 2013, the compensation of our NEOs primarily consisted of (A) base salary, (B) participation in our annual variable cash incentive plan (referred to below as our ‘‘cash bonus plan’’ or ‘‘VCP’’), and (C) long-term equity incentive awards divided between time-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs. For fiscal 2013, on average, approximately 78% of our NEO’s target compensation and approximately 86% of our CEO’s target compensation was delivered in the form of variable annual cash bonus plan and long-term equity incentives. As a demonstration of how closely executive cash compensation is tied to company performance, the cash pay mix for our chief executive 14JAN201422035507 You will note that our CEO’s cash compensation was significantly below target since the Company did not fully meet the performance criteria under our annual variable cash compensation plan. ‘‘Pay for performance’’ has been and Compensation Governance. remains at the core of Coherent’s executive compensation coupled with appropriately managing risk and aligning our compensation programs with long-term stockholder interests. We accomplish this primarily by having a majority of the NEOs’ potential compensation being ‘‘at risk’’ through a combination of (i) a fiscal year variable cash bonus program tied to achievement of operating metrics and (ii) equity grant vesting tied to achievement of a performance metric. The committee monitors and considers evolving governance approaches and standards in executive compensation. As more fully discussed below, recent examples of how this philosophy is applied and changes made pursuant to compensation practices as well as governance practices in effect during fiscal 2013, include: (cid:129) In fiscal 2013, the payouts of our annual cash bonus plan to our NEOs were approximately 38% as compared to target; (cid:129) As a result of the performance criteria of our annual cash bonus plan, in fiscal 2012 the payouts to our NEOs were approximately 19.9% as compared to target, including no payout in the second half of the year due to a failure to meet the threshold conditions; (cid:129) We have a claw-back policy for our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer in certain circumstances; (cid:129) We have minimum share ownership requirements for our Chief Executive Officer and members of the Board of Directors; (cid:129) Our performance-based RSU program is measured by the Company’s stock price achievement against the Russell 2000, which the committee believes is a direct connection to total stockholder return; (cid:129) Our performance-based RSU grants to our NEOs when measured in fiscal 2013 for performance achievement vested below target; (cid:129) The committee is composed entirely of directors who satisfy the standards of independence in Coherent’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and NASDAQ listing standards; (cid:129) Executive incentive compensation programs include limits on maximum payouts to contain the risk of excessive payouts; COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 19 COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (cid:129) Our change-of-control plan provides for payment only in ‘‘double- trigger’’ circumstances-namely a change-of-control coupled with a termination of employment; and (cid:129) None of our executive officers have employment contracts. but leave the meetings when matters potentially affecting them are discussed. The committee makes decisions compensation without him present. regarding Mr. Ambroseo’s Our stockholders recognized our corporate governance and executive compensation structure by overwhelmingly approving our ‘‘say on pay’’ advisory votes in each of the last three years (with abstentions significantly out-numbering ‘‘no’’ votes in two of the past three years): In 2011, voting 19,684,002 shares (92%) in favor compared to only 591,602 shares (3%) against, with 1,204,275 shares (5%) abstaining; In 2012, voting 20,764,535 shares (99%) in favor compared to only 187,670 shares (1%) against, with 24,577 shares (0%) abstaining; In 2013, voting 18,999,148 shares (88%) in favor compared to only 1,137,010 shares (5%) against, with 1,439,307 (7%) abstaining. Role of Management The committee regularly meets with Mr. Ambroseo, our Chief Executive Officer, to obtain recommendations with respect to the compensation programs, practices and packages for our Named Executive Officers other than Mr. Ambroseo. Additionally, Ms. Simonet, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Mr. DiMarco, our Executive Vice President and General Counsel and members of our human resources department are regularly invited to meetings of the committee or otherwise asked to assist the committee. The assistance of these individuals include providing financial information and analysis for the committee and its compensation consultant, taking minutes of the meeting or providing legal advice, developing compensation proposals for consideration, and providing insights regarding our employees (executive and otherwise) and the business context for the committee’s decisions. Named Executive Officers will attend portions of committee meetings when requested, Role of the Committee’s Compensation Consultant The committee is committed to utilizing the services of an independent compensation consultant and in fiscal 2013, engaged Compensia as its independent compensation consultant. Compensia assisted the committee by: (cid:129) Reviewing and analyzing our executive compensation program; and (cid:129) Providing market data and ranges for fiscal 2013 compensation. Additionally, in fiscal 2013, Compensia was retained by the Governance and Nominating Committee to review, analyze and make recommendations regarding compensation for service on the Board of Directors and its committees. The independent compensation consultant serves at the discretion of the committee and is not permitted to do other work for Coherent unless expressly authorized by the committee. Since retention, Compensia has not performed any work for Coherent other than its work with the committee, the Board of Directors or other committees of the Board of Directors. The committee is focused on maintaining the independence of its compensation consultant and, accordingly, does not anticipate having its consultant perform any other work for the Company in addition to its direct work for the committee or the Board. The committee has assessed the independence of Compensia and concluded that no conflict of interest exists. We also participate in and maintain a subscription to the Radford Global Technology Survey. This survey provides benchmark data and compensation practices reports to assist us with regards to employee compensation generally. Pay Positioning Strategy and Benchmarking of Compensation Philosophically the committee initially orients the midpoint of our target total compensation ranges for our NEOs generally near the 50th percentile of our peers, resulting in targeted total compensation that is competitive for performance that meets the objectives established by the committee. A Named Executive Officer’s actual incentive compensation opportunity and equity salary, cash compensation grant value may fall below or above the target position based on the individual’s experience, seniority, skills, knowledge, performance and contributions. These factors are weighed individually by the committee in its judgment, and no single factor takes precedence over others nor is any formula used in making these decisions. For fiscal 2013 compensation of the Chief Executive Officer, based on the Company’s performance and the structure of his equity grant being two-thirds solely performance-based (i.e. no shares will vest unless the threshold performance criteria is met), the committee asked Compensia to provide information at the 50th and 75th percentile and oriented his compensation target closer to the 75th percentile. The Chief Executive Officer’s review of the performance of the other Named Executive Officers is considered by the committee in making individual pay decisions. With respect to the Chief Executive Officer, the committee additionally considered the performance of Coherent as a whole and the views of the Board of Directors regarding the Chief Executive Officer’s performance. Actual realized pay is higher or lower than the targeted amounts for each individual based primarily on the Company’s performance. In analyzing our executive compensation program relative to this target market positioning, the committee reviews information provided by its independent compensation consultant, which includes an analysis of data from peer companies’ proxy filings with respect to similarly situated individuals at the peer companies and the Radford Global Technology Survey, which is a broad cross-section of technology companies of similar size to Coherent. It is important to note that these are the peers selected by the committee. The committee uses criteria as described below in determining the appropriate group. There are proxy advisory services which use their own criteria to select peers for the Company and, accordingly, stockholders should be aware that these advisory services do not, in fact, follow the same methodology of the committee and there may be wide variances between the different peer groups used by these 20 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS services. Any comparison of company performance or market data for executive compensation using a completely different peer group will, therefore, naturally result in a different analysis. We encourage our stockholders to consider the peer group used in any comparisons and direct any questions to the committee regarding such comparisons or any other matters when considering how to vote on Proposal Three. For pay decisions made in fiscal 2013, after consulting with our independent compensation consultant, the committee determined that the following companies comprise the peer group for fiscal 2013: Cabet Microelectronics (CCMP) Cymer Inc. (CYMI) Emulex (ELX) Entegris (ENTG) FEI Company (FEIC) Finisar Corp. (FNSR) FLIR Systems, Inc. (FLIR) Harmonic (HLIT) Infinera (INFN) JDS Uniphase (JDSU) MKS Instruments (MKSI) National Instruments (NATI) Newport Corporation (NEWP) Plantronics (PLT) PMC-Sierra, Inc. (PMCS) Polycom (PLCM) The committee made the following changes to the group of peer companies from fiscal 2012 primarily as a result of filtering such companies through the selection criteria noted below: Removed: Opnext, Inc. and Trimble Navigation. Integrated Device Technology, Novellus Systems, (cid:129) Revenue level (primarily companies with annual revenues between 0.5x-2.0x that of Coherent); Secondary Criteria (cid:129) Annual revenue growth of greater than 5%; Added: For fiscal 2013, no new peer group companies were added. (cid:129) Market capitalization between 0.5 and 2.0x of Coherent; and Several factors are considered in selecting the peer group, the most important of which are: Primary Criteria (cid:129) Industry (primarily companies in the Electronic Equipment and Semiconductor sub-industry classifications defined by the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) system); (cid:129) Market capitalization as a multiple of revenues of greater than 1.5x. The committee reviews the composition of the peer group annually to ensure it is the most relevant set of companies to use for comparison purposes. Components of Our Executive Compensation Program The principal components of our executive officer compensation and employment arrangements during fiscal 2013 included: (cid:129) Base salary; (cid:129) Variable cash bonus program; (cid:129) Equity awards; and (cid:129) Other benefits. These components were selected because the committee believes that a combination of salary, incentive pay and benefits is necessary to help us attract and retain the executive talent on which Coherent’s success depends. The following table shows at target the components of total direct compensation for our named executive officers as a group for fiscal 2013. Base Salary 14JAN201422035731 Base salary is the foundation to providing an appropriate total direct compensation package. We use base salary to fairly and competitively compensate our executives for the jobs we ask them to perform. This is the most stable component of our executive compensation program, as this amount is not at risk. The committee reviewed market data information provided by Compensia with respect to similarly situated individuals to assist it in determining the base salary for each Named Executive Officer, depending upon the particular executive’s experience and historical performance. There were no increases to salary in fiscal 2012 for any of our Named Executive Officers. In fiscal 2013, only one of our Named Executive officers, Mr. Sechrist, received a salary increase based on the market data reviewed by the committee. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 21 COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Variable Cash Incentive Compensation A substantial portion of each individual’s potential short-term compensation is in the form of variable incentive pay tied to committee-established goals. In fiscal 2013, Coherent maintained one incentive cash program under which executive officers were eligible to receive bonuses, the 2013 Variable Compensation Plan (‘‘2013 VCP’’). 2013 VCP The 2013 VCP was designed as an ‘‘at risk’’ bonus compensation program to promote a focus on Coherent’s growth and profitability. It provided incentive compensation opportunity in line with targeted market rates to our Named Executive Officers. Under the 2013 VCP, participants were eligible to receive bi-annual bonuses (with measurement periods for the first half and the second half of the 2013 fiscal year). In setting the performance goals at the beginning of the fiscal year, the committee assessed the anticipated difficulty and importance to the success of Coherent of achieving the performance goals. The actual awards (if any) payable for each semi-annual period varied depending on the extent to which actual performance met, exceeded or fell short of the goals approved by the committee. The 2013 VCP goals were tied to Coherent achieving varying levels of adjusted EBITDA dollars (‘‘adjusted EBITDA $’’), with a requirement of achieving two thresholds for each payment period: (1) at least 80% of the Board-approved budgeted revenue and (2) a minimum of a certain adjusted EBITDA $, without giving effect to any 2013 VCP payments. Adjusted EBITDA was defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and certain other non-operating income and expense items and other items, such as the fiscal impact of stock option expensing under Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC 718, amounts earned under the 2013 VCP, impairment or restructuring charges, and the impact of acquisitions made during the fiscal year. Each measurement period had the same range of between zero and 200%, with target at 100% of the executive’s participation rate. Fiscal 2013 Variable Compensation Plan Scale for Named Executive Officers Revenue exceeded the 80% threshold and Adjusted EBITDA$ Achievement for the First Half FY 2013 was $67.3M, with a corresponding payout of approximately 43.62% of Target First Half FY 2013 VCP Scale Adjusted EBITDA $(in millions) $62.8 (threshold) $67.3 (actual) $70.6 $78.4 $84.9 $91.4 (and above) Revenue Threshold $314.2 million Payout —% 43.62% (actual) 50% 100% 150% 200% Revenue exceeded the 80% threshold and Adjusted EBITDA$ Achievement for the Second Half FY 2013 was $76.9M, with a corresponding payout of approximately 25.08% of Target Second Half FY 2013 VCP Scale Adjusted EBITDA $(in millions) $73.7 (threshold) $76.9 (actual) $83.0 $92.2 $98.7 $105.2 Revenue Threshold $336.4 million Payout —% 25.08% (actual) 50% 100% 150% 200% The tables below describe for each Named Executive Officer under the 2013 Variable Compensation Plan (i) the target percentage of base salary, (ii) the potential award range as a percentage of base salary, and (iii) the actual award earned for the measurement period in fiscal 2013. First Half of Fiscal Year 2013 Named Executive Officer John Ambroseo Helene Simonet Mark Sobey Paul Sechrist Bret DiMarco Payout Target Percentage Range of Salary Percentage of Salary Actual Award as a Actual Percentage of Target Award Award(2) ($)(1) 100% 70% 65% 50% 50% 0-200% 136,317 0-140% 61,834 0-130% 51,036 0-100% 38,168 0-100% 36,532 43.62% 43.62% 43.62% 43.62% 43.62% Second Half of Fiscal Year 2013 Named Executive Officer Payout Target Percentage Range of Salary Percentage of Salary Actual Award as a Actual Percentage of Target Award Award(2) ($)(1) 100% John Ambroseo 70% Helene Simonet 65% Mark Sobey 50% Paul Sechrist 50% Bret DiMarco (1) Reflects amounts earned during the applicable half of fiscal 2013. 0-200% 78,377 0-140% 35,552 0-130% 29,344 0-100% 21,945 0-100% 21,005 25.08% 25.08% 25.08% 25.08% 25.08% (2) This reflects the aggregate bonuses earned by the Named Executive Officers for the applicable half of fiscal 2013 under the 2013 VCP. 22 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Equity Awards We believe that equity awards provide a strong alignment between the interests of our executives and our stockholders. We seek to provide equity award opportunities that are consistent with our compensation philosophy, with the potential for increase for exceptional financial performance, consistent with the reasonable management of overall equity compensation expense and stockholder dilution. Finally, we believe that long-term equity awards are an essential tool in promoting executive retention. For fiscal 2013, our long-term incentive program included the grant of time-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs. These components provide a reward for past corporate and individual performance and as an incentive for future performance. Our performance-based RSUs grants are tied to the Company’s performance and, as a result, may fluctuate from no vesting to vesting which is above target. When making its compensation decisions, the committee reviews a compensation overview prepared by its independent compensation consultant which reflects potential realizable value under current short and long-term compensation arrangements for each Named Executive Officer. Fiscal 2013 Equity Grants For fiscal 2013, the committee determined to base the equity program on a combination of time-based and performance-based RSUs. In particular, the committee determined to measure achievement for the performance grants by the relative performance of Coherent’s stock price in comparison to the Russell 2000 Index. The committee believed that using the Russell 2000 Index (in which Coherent is a member) as a proxy of total stockholder return directly aligns executive compensation with stockholder interest. The committee determined that both the performance-based and time-based RSU grants provide a further retention tool in that the time-based grants vest over two years with pro rata annual vesting and, for the performance-based grants, a single measurement period three years from the date of grant with three-year cliff vesting shortly thereafter if such grants vest at all since such grants vest purely based on performance. Performance-based RSU grants in fiscal 2013 vest solely dependent upon the performance of Coherent’s common stock price measured against the Russell 2000 Index. For each 1% Coherent’s common stock exceeds the performance of the Russell 2000 Index for the trailing 90 trading days from the vesting measurement date against the comparable period from the date of grant, the grant recipient will get a 2% increase in the number of shares above target (up to a maximum cap), and for each 1% below the Russell 2000 Index’s performance, a 2% decrease in the number of shares (down to zero). The maximum achievable amounts under the performance-based RSUs make up the largest potential portion of the equity grants for our Chief Executive Officer. The following table summarizes some of the key attributions of our 2013 equity grants: Fiscal 2013 Equity Grants Type Vesting for RSUs Vesting for PSUs PSU Metrics RSUs and PSUs 50% each grant anniversary Single vesting date three years from grant 100% tied to Russell 2000 Index Minimum vest: zero Target vest: even with Russell 2000 Index Maximum vest: 200% of target 15JAN201417045803 The following chart shows the aggregate composition of equity grants for fiscal 2013 to our Chief Executive Officer assuming the maximum achievement under the performance-based grants: For our Chief Executive Officer, our goal is that at the end of three years, he will receive greater than half of his total equity awards in performance-based equity awards at target achievement. Accordingly, for our Chief Executive Officer, at target, approximately 66% of his equity awards are performance-based and at maximum achievement that percentage increases to approximately 80%. In the event of a change of control of the Company, the performance- based grants will be measured, with respect to performance periods not yet completed, by the relative stock performance of Coherent in comparison to the Russell 2000 Index through the date of the change of control and such performance-based shares would, subject to the terms of the Change of Control Severance Plan, then convert to time-based vesting with a single vesting date at the three year anniversary of the grant. 14JAN201422035286 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 23 COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS The following tables reflect the equity grants to the Named Executive Officers during the first quarter of fiscal 2013: Named Executive Officer Time-Based RSU Grants Performance-Based Performance-Based RSU Grants Range RSU Grants at Target John Ambroseo Helene Simonet Mark Sobey Paul Sechrist Bret DiMarco 24,000 11,100 10,400 8,900 7,400 47,000 5,500 5,200 4,400 3,700 0 – 94,000 0 – 11,000 0 – 10,400 0 – 8,800 0 – 7,400 Equity Award Practices Equity grants to our employees are driven by our annual review process. Grant guidelines are based on competitive market practices. Typically, an eligible employee is granted equity at the first committee meeting after beginning employment and may be eligible for periodic grants thereafter. Eligibility for and the size of grants are influenced by the then-current guidelines for non-executive officer grants and the individual’s performance or particular requirements at the time of hire. In fiscal 2013 the committee granted an aggregate of 446,604 shares subject to time-based and performance-based restricted stock units (at maximum), representing approximately 1.83% of Coherent’s outstanding common stock as of September 28, 2013 (excluding automatic and initial grants to directors). The committee did not grant any stock options during fiscal 2013 to employees. With the assistance of Compensia, the committee has reviewed this burn rate relative to peer practices and guidance from Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) and found that the total dilution was consistent with the median of peer practices and complied with ISS guidelines. During fiscal 2013 equity grants were only made at meetings of the committee. Chief Executive Officer Minimum Stock Ownership Guidelines During fiscal 2012, the committee adopted mandatory stock ownership guidelines for our Chief Executive Officer. Our guidelines require that the Chief Executive Officer hold shares with a value of at least three times base salary, without counting vested or unvested option grants or unvested grants of RSUs. Compliance is measured as of the date of each year’s annual meeting based on the stock price of the shares as of the date of their acquisition. In the event that our Chief Executive Officer does not satisfy the minimum requirements, then 25% of the net after-tax shares (e.g. exercised options/shares received on the vesting of RSUs) must be held until the guidelines are met. As of December 31, 2013, Mr. Ambroseo held stock worth approximately 18 times his base salary and, accordingly, significantly exceeded the minimum stock ownership guideline. Other Benefits Retirement Plans Executive officers are eligible to participate in our 401(k) Retirement Plan on the same terms as all other U.S. employees, including a 4% Company matching contribution. Our 401(k) Retirement Plan is a tax-qualified plan and therefore is subject to certain Internal Revenue Code limitations on the dollar amounts of deferrals and Company contributions that can be made to plan accounts. These limitations apply to our more highly-compensated employees (including the Named Executive Officers). We maintain a Deferred Compensation Plan for certain employees and members of the Board. The Deferred Compensation Plan permits eligible participants to defer receipt of compensation pursuant to the terms of the plan. The Deferred Compensation Plan permits participants to contribute, on a pre-tax basis, up to 75% of their base salary earnings, up to 100% of their bonus pay and commissions and up to 100% of directors’ annual retainer earned in the upcoming plan year. We provide no matching or other additional contributions to such Deferred Compensation Plan. Plan participants may invest deferrals in a variety of different deemed investment options. To preserve the tax-deferred status of deferred compensation plans, the IRS requires that the available investment alternatives be ‘‘deemed investments.’’ Participants do not have an ownership interest in the funds they select; the funds are only used to measure the gains or losses that are attributed to the participant’s deferral account over time. The committee considers the Deferred Compensation Plan to be a reasonable and appropriate program because it promotes executive officer retention by offering a deferred compensation plan that is 24 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement comparable to and competitive with what is offered by our peer group of companies. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Our stockholders have approved an employee stock purchase plan whereby employees can purchase shares for a discount, subject to various participation limitations. As employees, our Named Executive Officers are eligible to participate in this plan. Severance and Change of Control Arrangements Our Change of Control Severance Plan (the ‘‘Change of Control Plan’’) provides certain benefits in the event of a change of control of Coherent for certain executives, including each of our Named Executive Officers. Benefits are provided if there is a change in ownership of Coherent, a change in effective control of Coherent, or a change in ownership of a substantial portion of Coherent’s assets (in each case as construed under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations thereunder)(a ‘‘change of control’’) and within two years thereafter (or within two months prior thereto) the participant’s employment is terminated without cause or is voluntarily termination event. The terminated committee believes the Change of Control Plan serves as an important retention tool in the event of a pending change of control transaction. following a constructive The Change of Control Plan was amended and restated in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. Among the amendments made to the plan in fiscal 2013 were: eliminating outplacement assistance and adding a COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS time-limited protection against terminations made in anticipation of a change of control as well as changes to the definition of ‘‘Good Reason.’’ with the opportunity to revise the plan consistent with corporate governance best practices, evolving peer group practices and regulatory changes. The committee reviews the provisions of the Change of Control Plan at a minimum every two years at or immediately prior to the termination of the plan. The committee believes that reviewing the Change of Control Plan every two years allows for the right balance in providing certainty for the participants while providing the committee The committee does not consider the potential payments and benefits under these arrangements when making compensation decisions for our NEOs. These arrangements serve specific purposes unrelated to the determination of the NEOs’ total direct compensation for a specific year. Tax and Accounting Considerations (cid:129) Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—We account for stock- based compensation in accordance with the requirements of ASC 718. We also take into consideration ASC 718 and other generally accepted accounting principles in determining changes to policies and practices for our stock-based compensation programs. (cid:129) Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code—This section limits the deductibility of compensation for our Chief Executive Officer and our four other most highly compensated Named Executive Officers unless the compensation is less than $1 million during any fiscal year or is ‘‘performance-based’’ under Section 162(m). Our 2001 Stock Plan and 2011 Plan are designed to permit option grants and certain performance-based full value awards thereunder to be fully tax-deductible. Cash compensation (including both base salary and payments under our 2013 VCP) and time-based full-value awards are ‘‘performance-based’’ compensation under not qualified as Section 162(m). We may from time to time pay compensation to our executive officers (including under our VCP) that may not be deductible when, for example, we believe that such compensation is appropriate and in the best interests of the stockholders after taking various factors into consideration, including business conditions and the performance of such executive officer. (cid:129) Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code—Section 409A imposes additional significant taxes in the event that an executive officer, director or service provider received ‘‘deferred compensation’’ that does not satisfy the requirements of Section 409A. We consider Section 409A in the design and operation of any plans. Other Compensation Policies To further align our executive compensation program with the interests of our stockholders, at the end of fiscal 2009, a committee of the Board approved a recoupment policy. The recoupment policy provides that, in the event that there is an accounting restatement and there is a finding by the Board that such restatement was due to the gross recklessness or intentional misconduct of the Chief Executive it caused material Officer or Chief Financial Officer and noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement, then Coherent shall seek disgorgement of any portion of the bonus or other incentive or equity based compensation related to such accounting restatement received by such individual during the 12-month period following the originally filed financial document. Under our Insider Trading Policy, no employees or directors are allowed to hedge or pledge Coherent securities. Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation During fiscal 2013, the Compensation and H.R. Committee of the Board consisted of Messrs. Vij (Chair), Krause, Flatley, and until January 1, 2013, Tomlinson. None of the members of the committee has been or is an officer or employee of Coherent. None of our executive officers serve on the board of directors or compensation committee of a company that has an executive officer that serves on our Board or Compensation and H.R. Committee. No member of our Board is an executive officer of a company in which one of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of that company. Committee Independence Each of the members of the committee qualifies as (i) an ‘‘independent director’’ under the requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market, (ii) a ‘‘non-employee director’’ under Rule 16b-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the ‘‘1934 Act’’), (iii) an ‘‘outside director’’ under Section 162(m) of the Code and (iv) an ‘‘independent outside director’’ as that term is defined by ISS. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 25 COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Compensation and H.R. Committee Report The Compensation and H.R. Committee of the Board has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K with management and, based on such review and discussions, the Compensation and H.R. Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Proxy Statement. Respectfully submitted by the Compensation and H.R. Committee Sandeep Vij, Chair Jay Flatley L. William Krause RECONCILIATION TABLE—NON-GAAP EARNINGS PER SHARE GAAP NET INCOME PER DILUTED SHARE Stock based compensation Intangible amortization R&D tax (benefit)/expense Gain on Finland dissolution Scotland valuation adjustment Goodwill impairment Inventory step-up NON-GAAP NET INCOME PER DILUTED SHARE RECONCILIATION TABLE—PRO FORMA EBITDA% NET INCOME % OF REVENUE Income tax expense (benefit) Interest and other income (expense), net Depreciation and amortization Purchase accounting step up Restructuring and one time benefits/charges Stock based compensation PRO FORMA EBITDA % OF REVENUE September 28, 2013 Year Ended September 29, 2012 October 1, 2011 $2.70 0.55 0.32 — — (0.06) — 0.05 $3.56 $2.62 0.48 0.19 — — (0.18) 0.18 — $3.28 $3.66 0.36 0.24 (0.38) (0.26) 0.06 0.02 — $3.70 Fiscal Year 2013 2012 2011 8.2% 2.1% 0.5% 4.5% 0.2% —% 2.3% 8.2% 3.6% 0.1% 3.9% —% 0.5% 2.1% 17.8% 18.4% 11.6% 3.8% (1.2)% 3.6% —% 0.1% 1.6% 19.5% 26 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement SUMMARY COMPENSATION AND EQUITY TABLES Fiscal 2013 Summary Compensation Table The table below presents information concerning the total compensation of our Named Executive Officers for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2013, September 29, 2012 and October 1, 2011. Name and Principal Position John Ambroseo, Chief Executive Officer and President Helene Simonet, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Mark Sobey, Executive Vice President General Manager, SLS Paul Sechrist, Executive Vice President Worldwide Sales, Service and Marketing Bret DiMarco, Executive Vice President and General Counsel Fiscal Year 2013(1) 2012 2011 2013(1) 2012 2011 2013(1) 2012 2011 2013(1) 2012 2011 2013(1) 2012 2011 Salary ($) 625,019 625,019 612,901 405,018 405,018 395,587 360,006 360,006 343,856 345,194 325,000 306,573 335,005 333,985 325,580 Stock Awards ($)(2) 3,293,280 3,860,280 2,452,700 735,948 891,644 660,675 691,808 832,201 616,630 589,604 713,314 570,055 492,248 594,429 440,450 (1) Reflects the dollar amount of salary earned in fiscal year 2013. Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)(3) 214,694 124,629 1,628,675 97,386 56,532 738,776 80,380 43,071 562,863 60,113 32,403 423,443 57,537 33,400 436,478 All Other Compensation ($)(4) 33,623 34,591 46,841 20,774 33,532 41,183 12,147 11,852 27,277 10,822 12,233 16,357 12,934 27,543 33,405 Total ($) 4,166,616 4,644,519 4,741,117 1,259,126 1,386,725 1,836,221 1,144,341 1,247,130 1,550,626 1,005,733 1,082,950 1,316,428 897,724 989,357 1,235,913 (2) Amounts shown reflect the grant date fair value of awards granted in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 718. Reflects unvested time-based and performance-based restricted stock units; there is no guaranty that the recipients will ultimately receive this amount, or any amount. No stock options were granted to the named executive officers in fiscal years 2011, 2012 and 2013. (3) Reflects the dollar amounts earned under the Variable Compensation Plan (VCP) during fiscal 2013, fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011. (4) As previously noted, effective January 1, 2011, the Compensation and H.R. Committee announced the elimination and phasing out of executive perquisites. Prior to its elimination, the automobile benefit was administered by the Company on a December-to-November calendar year basis, which was different than the Company’s fiscal year. Because of this difference, even though Mr. Ambroseo did not receive an automobile benefit during fiscal 2013, consistent with the past reporting practice of determining the benefit amount as of each November, we included $8,083 for Mr. Ambroseo under ‘‘All Other Compensation’’ for fiscal 2013 with respect to the phased out automobile benefit. No other ‘‘perquisites’’ are included for any named executive officers in the summary compensation table for fiscal 2013. Executives continue to receive certain ‘‘other compensation’’ other than perquisites, such as the regular Company-provided employee 401(k) Plan contribution match (subject to applicable IRS rule limitations). During fiscal 2013, the named executive officers received the following contribution matches: Ambroseo ($10,192), Simonet ($11,246), Sobey ($10,200), Sechrist ($9,408) and DiMarco ($11,723). During fiscal 2013, we discovered that we had historically over-imputed income on the value of Company-provided life insurance to certain employees, including each of the named executive officers. Accordingly, in fiscal 2013 we made a one-time payment to these employees representing our estimate of the resulting impact on each individual (the ‘‘One-Time Payment’’). The One-Time Payments are included under ‘‘All Other Compensation’’ for fiscal 2013 for each of our Named Executive Officers as follows: Ambroseo ($10,038), Simonet ($7,820), Sobey ($1,136), Sechrist ($452) and DiMarco ($584). COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 27 SUMMARY COMPENSATION AND EQUITY TABLES Grants of Plan-Based Awards in Fiscal 2013 Except as set forth in the footnotes, the following table shows all plan-based equity and non-equity incentive awards granted to our Named Executive Officers during fiscal 2013. Our Named Executive Officers have not received any option awards during fiscal 2013. Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards Thresh- Grant Date hold($)(2) 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 Target ($) Actual Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Maxi- Plan Awards Thresh- hold mum 0 ($)(3) Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards Target (#) 47,000 Maxi- mum 94,000 All Other Stock Awards: # of Securities Underlying Options (#) Grant Date Fair Value ($)(1) $ 2,278,560 24,000 $ 1,014,720 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 0 312,510 625,019 136,317 312,510 0 625,019 0 625,020 1,250,038 78,377 214,694 0 141,756 283,512 61,834 0 141,756 0 283,512 283,512 567,024 35,552 97,386 0 117,002 234,004 51,036 0 117,002 0 234,004 234,004 468,008 29,344 80,380 0 87,500 175,000 38,168 0 87,500 0 175,000 175,000 350,000 21,945 60,113 0 83,751 167,502 36,532 0 5,500 11,000 $ 11,100 $ 266,640 469,308 0 5,200 10,400 $ 10,400 $ 252,096 439,712 0 4,400 8,800 $ 8,900 $ 213,312 376,292 0 3,700 7,400 $ 7,400 $ 179,376 312,872 Name John Ambroseo Helene Simonet Mark Sobey Paul Sechrist Bret DiMarco Type PRSU RSU 1st semi-annual bonus 2nd semi-annual bonus Total PRSU RSU 1st semi-annual bonus 2nd semi-annual bonus Total PRSU RSU 1st semi-annual bonus 2nd semi-annual bonus Total PRSU RSU 1st semi-annual bonus 2nd semi-annual bonus Total PRSU RSU 1st semi-annual bonus 2nd semi-annual bonus Total 0 83,751 0 167,502 167,502 335,004 (1) Reflects the dollar amount recognized for financial statement reporting purposes (disregarding an estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions) for fiscal 2013 in accordance with ASC 718, and includes grants made in fiscal 2013. The assumptions used in the valuation of these awards are set forth in Note 14 ‘‘Employee Stock Option and Benefits Plans’’ of the Financial Statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. For informational purposes, if the maximum level of performance for the PRSU awards was achieved, the value, calculated by multiplying the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant by the number of shares issuable upon achievement of the maximum level of performance under the PRSU, is $4,557,120, $533,280, $504,192, $426,624 and $358,752, for Mr. Ambroseo, Ms. Simonet, Mr. Sobey. Mr. Sechrist and Mr. DiMarco, respectively. These amounts do not correspond to the actual value, if any, that will be recognized by the Named Executive Officers. See ‘‘Compensation Discussion and Analysis-Equity Awards’’ for a description of the PRSUs. 21,005 57,537 (2) Failure to meet a minimum level of performance would have resulted in no bonus paid out under the 2013 Variable Compensation Plan. (3) Reflects the amount earned under the 2013 Variable Compensation Plan during the 2013 fiscal year. 28 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement SUMMARY COMPENSATION AND EQUITY TABLES Option Exercises and Stock Vested at 2013 Fiscal Year-End The table below sets forth certain information for each Named Executive Officer regarding the exercise of options and the vesting of stock awards during the year ended September 28, 2013, including the aggregate value realized upon such exercise or vesting. Option Awards Stock Awards John Ambroseo Helene Simonet Mark Sobey Paul Sechrist Bret DiMarco (1) Reflects the difference between the exercise price of the option and market price of our Common Stock on the exercise date. Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#) 121,853 27,651 4,000 26,500 7,000 Value Realized on Exercise ($)(1) 2,751,660 887,410 131,572 809,945 236,880 Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#) 40,734 14,241 12,936 10,393 9,884 Value Realized on Vesting ($)(2) 1,821,459 631,620 573,956 448,410 438,141 (2) Reflects the market price of our Common Stock on the vesting date. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 29 SUMMARY COMPENSATION AND EQUITY TABLES Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal 2013 Year-End The following table presents information concerning unexercised options and stock that has not yet vested for each Named Executive Officer outstanding as of September 28, 2013. Option Awards(1) Number of Securities Underlying Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Option Options (#) Options (#) Exercise exercisable unexercisable Price ($) — — — — — — 26.16 23.16 — — — — — — 75,000 25,200 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4,000 — — — — — — — — 18,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 26.16 — — — — — — — — 26.16 — — — — — — Option Expiration Date — — — — — — 11/20/2016 11/17/2014 — — — — — — — — — — — — 11/20/2016 — — — — — — — — 11/20/2016 — — — — — — Name John Ambroseo Helene Simonet Mark Sobey Paul Sechrist Bret DiMarco Grant Date 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/8/2011 11/8/2011 11/29/2010 11/29/2010 11/20/2009 11/17/2008 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/8/2011 11/8/2011 11/29/2010 11/29/2010 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/8/2011 11/8/2011 11/29/2010 11/29/2010 11/20/2009 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/8/2011 11/8/2011 3/30/2011 3/30/2011 11/3/2010 11/3/2010 11/20/2009 11/14/2012 11/14/2012 11/8/2011 11/8/2011 11/29/2010 11/29/2010 Stock Awards Number of Market Value of Shares or Units of Have Not Vested ($)(2) — 1,471,680 Equity incentive Equity plan awards: incentive Market or plan awards: payout value Number of of unearned unearned shares, units shares, units Stock That or other rights or other rights that have that have not vested ($) not vested (#) 5,764,080 — 4,415,040 — 1,430,718 — — — 735,840 — 408,759 — — Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#) — 24,000 — 12,000 — 6,666 — — 94,000(6) — 72,000(5) — 23,332(3) — — — 11,000(6) — 9,900(5) — 5,000(3) — 10,400(6) — 9,240(5) — 4,666(3) — — 8,800(6) — 7,920(5) — 666(4) — 3,000(4) — — 7,400(6) — 6,600(5) — 3,332(3) — 674,520 — 607,068 — 306,600 — 637,728 — 566,597 — 286,119 — — 539,616 — 485,654 — 40,839 — 183,960 — — 453,768 — 404,712 — 204,318 — — 11,100 — 5,025 — 2,500 — 10,400 — 4,690 — 2,333 — — 8,900 — 4,020 — 333 — 1,500 — — 7,400 — 3,350 — 1,666 — 680,652 — 308,133 — 153,300 — 637,728 — 287,591 — 143,060 — — 545,748 — 246,506 — 20,420 — 91,980 — — 453,768 — 205,422 — 102,159 (1) Each of the unvested option grants set forth above vest in three equal installments on the anniversary of the date of grant. (2) Market value is determined by multiplying the number of shares by $61.32, the closing price of the Company’s common stock on September 27, 2013, the last trading date of the fiscal year. (3) The performance-based RSU vesting determination dates are November 29, 2011, November 29, 2012 and November 29, 2013. The performance based RSUs will vest in an amount which is 0-200% subject to the achievement of certain performance metrics. The amount reflected in the table is the maximum amount or 200%. (4) The performance-based RSU vesting determination dates are November 3, 2011, November 2, 2012 and November 1, 2013. The performance based RSUs will vest in an amount which is 0-200% subject to the achievement of certain performance metrics. The amount reflected in the table is the maximum amount or 200%. (5) The performance-based RSU vesting determination date is November 7, 2014. The performance based RSUs will vest in an amount which is 0-200% subject to the achievement of certain performance metrics. The amount reflected in the table is the maximum amount or 200%. (6) The performance-based RSU vesting determination date is November 14, 2015. The performance based RSUs will vest in an amount which is 0-200% subject to the achievement of certain performance metrics. The amount reflected in the table is the maximum amount or 200%. 30 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement SUMMARY COMPENSATION AND EQUITY TABLES Fiscal 2013 Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation For a description of our Deferred Compensation Plan, see ‘‘Compensation Discussion and Analysis-Retirement Plans.’’ The following table presents information regarding the non-qualified deferred compensation activity for each Named Executive Officer during fiscal 2013: Aggregate Balance at Last FYE ($)(3) Name 7,016,417 John Ambroseo SRP(4) 1,390,981 935,456 Helene Simonet SRP(4) 142,931 677,828 Paul Sechrist SRP(4) 181,174 79,378 Mark Sobey Bret DiMarco 70,186 (1) Amounts in this column consist of salary and/or bonus earned by the individual during fiscal year 2013, which is also reported in the Summary Compensation Table. Aggregate Aggregate Earnings in Withdrawals/ Last FY ($) Distributions ($) — — — — — — — — Registrant Contributions in Last FY ($)(2) — — — — — — — — Executive Contributions in last FY ($)(1) 96,581 — — — 46,007 — 39,918 — Executive Deferrals including Company Contribution in Last FY ($) — — — — — — — — 829,531 167,303 50,303 15,842 90,883 34,122 9,118 12,358 (2) Deferred Compensation company contributions were terminated on December 31, 2010. (3) The deferred compensation in a participant’s account is fully vested and is credited with positive or negative investment results based upon plan investment options selected by the participant. (4) Amounts represent account balances and earnings from the Supplementary Retirement Plan (SRP) which was suspended on December 31, 2004. Deferrals (both executive and company) into this plan have been suspended. The Deferred Compensation Plan is the only non-qualified deferred compensation plan available for executive management. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 31 SUMMARY COMPENSATION AND EQUITY TABLES Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control The following table shows the potential payments and benefits that we (or our successor) would be obligated to make or provide upon termination of employment of each our Named Executive Officers pursuant to the terms of the Change of Control Severance Plan. Other than this plan, there are no other executive employment agreements or other contractual obligations triggered upon a change of control. For purposes of this table, it is assumed that each Named Executive Officer’s employment terminated at the close of business on September 27, 2013 (the last business day before the end of our fiscal year end on September 28, 2013). These payments are conditioned upon the execution of a form release of claims by the Named Executive Officer in favor of us. The amounts reported below do not include the nonqualified deferred compensation distributions that would be made to the Named Executive Officers following a termination of employment (for those amounts and descriptions, see the prior table). There can be no assurance that a triggering event would produce the same or similar results as those estimated below if such event occurs on any other date or at any other price, of if any other assumption used to estimate potential payments and benefits is not correct. Due to the number of factors that affect the nature and amount of any potential payments or benefits, any actual payments and benefits may be different. These are aggregate payments and do not reflect such individual’s net after tax benefit. No officer is entitled to any ‘‘gross up’’ to offset the impact of IRS Code Section 280G. 2X 2X Mark Sobey Helene Simonet Termination for Cause Named Executive Officer John Ambroseo Multiplier for Base Salary and Bonus 2.99X Any Other Termination 1,868,807 — $ — $ 1,868,807 — $ 14,226,117 99,000 — $ $ 18,062,731 810,036 567,025 2,730,273 66,000 4,173,334 720,012 468,008 2,558,822 66,000 3,812,842 700,004 350,002 2,154,723 66,000 3,270,729 670,010 335,005 1,824,147 66,000 2,895,162 (1) Equity Compensation Acceleration is the in-the-money value of unvested stock options, time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units, in each case as of September 27, 2013 at the closing stock price on that date ($61.32). The value of accelerated stock options are thus calculated by multiplying the number of unvested shares subject to acceleration by the difference between the exercise price and the closing stock price on September 27, 2013; the value of accelerated restricted stock is calculated by multiplying the number of unvested shares subject to acceleration by the closing stock price on September 27, 2013. This assumes immediate release and vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units at the maximum, or 200% of target, achievement. The amounts reflected for Equity Compensation Acceleration do not reflect any applicable taxes, just gross proceeds. Since the table assumes a triggering event on September 27, 2013, only those stock options and restricted stock/RSU grants outstanding as of that date are included in the table. Nature of Benefit Salary Severance Bonus Severance Equity Compensation Acceleration(1) Aggregate Healthcare Related Monthly Payment(2) TOTAL BENEFIT Salary Severance Bonus Severance Equity Compensation Acceleration(1) Aggregate Healthcare Related Monthly Payment(2) TOTAL BENEFIT Salary Severance Bonus Severance Equity Compensation Acceleration(1) Aggregate Healthcare Related Monthly Payment(2) TOTAL BENEFIT Salary Severance Bonus Severance Equity Compensation Acceleration(1) Aggregate Healthcare Related Monthly Payment(2) TOTAL BENEFIT Salary Severance Bonus Severance Equity Compensation Acceleration(1) Aggregate Healthcare Related Monthly Payment(2) TOTAL BENEFIT — $ — $ — $ — $ $ — $ — $ — $ — $ $ — $ — $ — $ — $ $ — $ — $ — $ — $ $ Bret DiMarco Paul Sechrist 2X 2X (2) Aggregate Monthly Payment is a monthly payment of $2,750 in lieu of receiving company subsidized COBRA benefits, life insurance premiums and/or other welfare benefits, 36 months for the Chief Executive Officer and 24 months for the other named executive officers. 32 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION The following table provides information as of September 28, 2013 about the Company’s equity compensation plans under which shares of our common stock may be issued to employees, consultants or members of our Board: Plan category (a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(1) (c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders TOTAL (1) These weighted average exercise prices do not reflect the shares that will be issued upon the payment of outstanding awards of RSUs. $26.90 — $26.90 — 937,256 937,256(2) 6,935,735(3) — 6,935,735 (2) This number does not include any options which may be assumed by us through mergers or acquisitions, however, we do have the authority, if necessary, to reserve additional shares of common stock under these plans to the extent necessary for assuming such options. (3) This number of shares includes 928,225 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and 6,007,510 shares reserved for future issuance under the 2011 Plan. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS Review, Approval or Ratification of Related Person Transactions (cid:129) Any immediate family member, as defined in Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, of a director, nominee for director, executive officer and 5% Stockholder. We will report all such material related person transactions under applicable accounting rules, federal securities laws and SEC rules and regulations. In accordance with the charter for the Audit Committee of the Board, the members of the Audit Committee, all of whom are independent directors, review and approve in advance any proposed related person transactions. Additionally, from time to time the Board may directly consider these transactions. For purposes of these procedures, the individuals and entities that are considered ‘‘related persons’’ include: (cid:129) Any of our directors, nominees for director and executive officers; (cid:129) Any person known to be the beneficial owner of five percent or more of our common stock (a ‘‘5% Stockholder’’); and Related Person Transactions We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors. Such indemnification agreements require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted by law. We also intend to execute these agreements with our future directors and officers. COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 33 REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing our accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of our financial statements. As set forth in its charter, the Audit Committee acts only in an oversight capacity and relies on the work and assurances of both management, which has primary responsibilities for our financial statements and reports, as well as the independent registered public accounting firm that is responsible for expressing an opinion on the conformity of our audited financial statements to generally accepted accounting principles. The Audit Committee met thirteen (13) times either in person or by telephone during fiscal 2013. In the course of these meetings, the Audit Committee met with management, the internal auditors and our independent registered public accounting firm and reviewed the results of the internal and external audit examinations, evaluations of our internal controls and the overall quality of our financial reporting. The Audit Committee believes that a candid, substantive and focused dialogue with the internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm is fundamental to the Audit Committee’s oversight responsibilities. To support this belief, the Audit Committee periodically meets separately with the internal auditors and the independent auditors, without management present. In the course of its discussions in these meetings, the Audit Committee asked a number of questions intended to bring to light any areas of potential concern related to our financial reporting and internal controls. These questions include: (cid:129) Are there any significant accounting judgments, estimates or adjustments made by management in preparing the financial statements that would have been made differently had the auditors themselves prepared and been responsible for the financial statements; (cid:129) Based on the auditors’ experience, and their knowledge of our business, do our financial statements fairly present to investors, with clarity and completeness, our financial position and performance for the reporting period in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and SEC disclosure requirements; (cid:129) Based on the auditors’ experience, and their knowledge of our business, have we implemented internal controls and internal audit procedures that are appropriate for our business. The Audit Committee approved the engagement of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal 2013 and reviewed with the internal auditors and independent registered public accounting firm their respective overall audit scope and plans. In approving Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Audit Committee considered the qualifications of Deloitte & Touche LLP and discussed with Deloitte & Touche LLP their independence, including a review of the audit and non-audit services provided by them to us. The Audit Committee also discussed with Deloitte & Touche LLP the matters required to be discussed by Statement on Auditing Standards No. 61, as amended, (AICPA, Professional Standards, Vol. 1 AU section 380), as adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in Rule 3200T, and it received the written disclosures and the letter from Deloitte & Touche LLP required by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding Deloitte & Touche LLP’s communications with Audit Committee concerning independence and has discussed Deloitte & Touche LLP’s independence with Deloitte & Touche LLP. Management has reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements for fiscal 2013 with the Audit Committee, including a discussion of the quality and acceptability of the financial reporting, the reasonableness of significant accounting judgments and estimates and the clarity of disclosures in the financial statements. In connection with this review and discussion, the Audit Committee asked a number of follow-up questions of management and the independent registered public accounting firm to help give the Audit Committee comfort in connection with its review. In reliance on the reviews and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the audited financial statements be included in the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2013, for filing with the SEC. Respectively submitted by the Audit Committee Susan James, Chair Garry Rogerson Lawrence Tomlinson 34 COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement OTHER MATTERS We know of no other matters to be submitted to the meeting. If any other matters properly come before the meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the enclosed form Proxy to vote the shares they represent as the Board may recommend. Dated: January 23, 2014 By Order of the Board of Directors 13JAN201423125288 John R. Ambroseo President and Chief Executive Officer COHERENT, INC. - 2013 Proxy Statement 35 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) (cid:2) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2013 or (cid:3) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Commission File Number: 001-33962 COHERENT, INC. Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 5100 Patrick Henry Drive, Santa Clara, California (Address of principal executive offices) 94-1622541 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 95054 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 764-4000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $0.01 par value Name of each exchange on which registered The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Nasdaq Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:3) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the ‘‘Exchange Act’’). Yes (cid:3) No (cid:2) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:3) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:3) Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. (cid:3) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of ‘‘large accelerated filer’’, ‘‘accelerated filer’’ and ‘‘smaller reporting company’’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer (cid:2) Accelerated filer (cid:3) Smaller reporting company (cid:3) Non-accelerated filer (cid:3) (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes (cid:3) No (cid:2) As of November 22, 2013, 24,816,399 shares of common stock were outstanding. The aggregate market value of the voting shares (based on the closing price reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on March 30, 2013, of Coherent, Inc., held by nonaffiliates was approximately $1,100,770,185. For purposes of this disclosure, shares of common stock held by persons who own 5% or more of the outstanding common stock and shares of common stock held by each officer and director have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be ‘‘affiliates’’ as that term is defined under the Rules and Regulations of the Exchange Act. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily conclusive. DOCUMENT INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the registrant’s fiscal 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of the Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. The Proxy Statement or an amended report on Form 10-K will be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended September 28, 2013. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 2. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 4. MINE SAFEFTY DISCLOSURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 6. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL 5 22 38 39 40 40 41 43 CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET ITEM 8. ITEM 9. RISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE . ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND 65 66 66 67 70 71 72 MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS . . . . . . . . . . 73 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 14. PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SIGNATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 73 75 79 2 SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS This annual report contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to: (cid:129) expansion into, and financial returns from, new markets; (cid:129) optimization of financial returns; (cid:129) maintenance and development of current and new customer relationships; (cid:129) enhancement of market position through existing or new technologies; (cid:129) optimization of product mix; (cid:129) future trends in microelectronics, scientific research and government programs, OEM components and instrumentation and materials processing; (cid:129) utilization of vertical integration; (cid:129) adoption of our products or lasers generally; (cid:129) applications and processes that will use lasers, including the suitability of our products; (cid:129) capitalization on market trends; (cid:129) alignment with current and new customer demands; (cid:129) positioning in the marketplace and gains of market share; (cid:129) design and development of products, services and solutions; (cid:129) control of supply chain and partners; (cid:129) realization of restructuring benefits; (cid:129) protection of intellectual property rights; (cid:129) compliance with environmental and safety regulations; (cid:129) net sales and operating results; (cid:129) variations in stock price; (cid:129) market acceptance of products; (cid:129) trends in the instrumentation market; (cid:129) sufficiency and management of cash, cash equivalents and investments; (cid:129) acquisition efforts and utilization of technology from our acquisitions; (cid:129) accounting for goodwill and intangible assets, inventory valuation, warranty reserves and taxes; In addition, we include forward-looking statements under the ‘‘Our Strategy’’ and ‘‘Future Trends’’ headings set forth below in ‘‘Business’’ and under the ‘‘Bookings and Book-to-Bill Ratio’’ heading set forth below in ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.’’ You can identify these and other forward-looking statements by the use of the words such as ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘could,’’ ‘‘would,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘expects,’’ ‘‘plans,’’ ‘‘anticipates,’’ ‘‘estimates,’’ ‘‘intends,’’ ‘‘potential,’’ ‘‘projected,’’ ‘‘continue,’’ ‘‘our observation,’’ or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing statements. 3 Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth below in ‘‘Business,’’ ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations’’ and under the heading ‘‘Risk Factors.’’ All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements as a result of events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or non-occurrence of anticipated events, except to the extent required by law. 4 PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS GENERAL Business Overview Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30. Fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011 ended on September 28, September 29, and October 1, respectively, and are referred to in this annual report as fiscal 2013, fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 for convenience. Fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011 included 52 weeks. We are one of the world’s leading suppliers of photonics-based solutions in a broad range of commercial and scientific research applications. We design, manufacture, service and market lasers and related accessories for a diverse group of customers. Since inception in 1966, we have grown through internal expansion and through strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies, intellectual property, manufacturing processes and product offerings. We are organized into two operating segments: Specialty Lasers and Systems (‘‘SLS’’) and Commercial Lasers and Components (‘‘CLC’’). This segmentation reflects the go-to-market strategies for various products and markets. While both segments deliver cost-effective photonics solutions, SLS develops and manufactures configurable, advanced performance products largely serving the microelectronics, scientific research and government programs and OEM components and instrumentation markets. The size and complexity of many of the SLS products require service to be performed at the customer site by factory-trained field service engineers. CLC focuses on higher volume products that are offered in set configurations. The product architectures are designed for easy exchange at the point of use such that substantially all product service and repairs are based upon advanced replacement and depot (i.e., factory) repair. CLC’s primary markets include materials processing, original equipment manufacturer (‘‘OEM’’) components and instrumentation and microelectronics. Income (loss) from operations is the measure of profit and loss that our chief operating decision maker (‘‘CODM’’) uses to assess performance and make decisions. Income (loss) from operations represents the sales less the cost of sales and direct operating expenses incurred within the operating segments as well as allocated expenses such as shared sales and manufacturing costs. We do not allocate to our operating segments certain operating expenses, which we manage separately at the corporate level. These unallocated costs include stock-based compensation and corporate functions (certain advanced research and development, management, finance, legal and human resources) and are included in Corporate and other. Management does not consider unallocated Corporate and other costs in its measurement of segment performance. We were originally incorporated in California on May 26, 1966 and reincorporated in Delaware on October 1, 1990. Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and we are a member of the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Index and the Russell 2000 Index. Additional information about Coherent, Inc. (referred to herein as the Company, we, our, or Coherent) is available on our web site at www.coherent.com. We make available, free of charge on our web site, access to our annual report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the ‘‘Exchange Act’’), as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish them electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (‘‘SEC’’). Information contained on our web site is not part of this annual report or our other filings with the SEC. Any product, product name, process, or technology described in these materials is the property of Coherent. 5 INDUSTRY BACKGROUND The word ‘‘laser’’ is an acronym for ‘‘light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.’’ A laser emits an intense coherent beam of light with some unique and highly useful properties. Most importantly, a laser is orders of magnitude brighter than any lamp. As a result of its coherence, the beam can be focused to a very small and intense spot, useful for applications requiring very high power densities including cutting and other materials processing procedures. The laser’s high spatial resolution is also useful for microscopic imaging and inspection applications. Laser light can be monochromatic— all the beam energy is confined to a narrow wavelength band. Some lasers can be used to create ultrafast output—a series of pulses with pulse durations as short as attoseconds (i.e., 10-18 seconds). There are many types of lasers and one way of classifying them is by the material or medium used to create the lasing action. This can be in the form of a gas, liquid, semiconductor, solid state crystal or fiber. Lasers can also be classified by their output wavelength: ultraviolet, visible, infrared or wavelength tunable. We manufacture all of these laser types. There are also many options in terms of pulsed output versus continuous wave, pulse duration, output power, beam dimensions, etc. In fact, each application has its specific requirements in terms of laser performance. The broad technical depth at Coherent enables us to offer a diverse set of product lines characterized by lasers targeted at growth opportunities and key applications. In all cases, we aim to be the supplier of choice by offering a high-value combination of superior technical performance and high reliability. Photonics has taken its place alongside electronics as a critical enabling technology for the twenty- first century. Photonics based solutions are entrenched in a broad array of industries that include industrial automation, textile processing, microelectronics, flat panel displays and medical diagnostics, with adoption continuing in ever more diverse applications. Growth in these applications stems from two sources. First, there are many applications where the laser is displacing conventional technology because it can do the job faster, better or more economically. Second, there are new applications where the laser is the enabling tool that makes the work possible (e.g., the production of sub 50 micron microvias); these lasers are used in the manufacturing of high density printed circuit boards (‘‘PCBs’’) found in the latest smart phones and tablet computers. Key laser applications include: semiconductor inspection; manufacturing of advanced PCBs; flat panel display manufacturing; solar cell production; medical and bio-instrumentation; materials processing; industrial process and quality control; marking; imaging and printing; graphic arts and display; and, research and development. For example, ultraviolet (‘‘UV’’) lasers are enabling the move towards miniaturization, which drives innovation and growth in many markets. In addition, the advent of industrial grade ultrafast lasers continues to open up new applications for laser processing. OUR STRATEGY We strive to develop innovative and proprietary products and solutions that meet the needs of our customers and that are based on our core expertise in lasers and optical technologies. In pursuit of our strategy, we intend to: (cid:129) Leverage our technology portfolio and application engineering to lead the proliferation of photonics into broader markets—We will continue to identify opportunities in which our technology portfolio and application engineering can be used to offer innovative solutions and gain access to new markets. We plan to utilize our expertise to increase our market share in the mid to high power material processing applications. (cid:129) Optimize our leadership position in existing markets—There are a number of markets where we have historically been at the forefront of technological development and product deployment and from which we have derived a substantial portion of our revenues. We plan to optimize our financial returns from these markets. 6 (cid:129) Maintain and develop additional strong collaborative customer and industry relationships—We believe that the Coherent brand name and reputation for product quality, technical performance and customer satisfaction will help us to further develop our loyal customer base. We plan to maintain our current customer relationships and develop new ones with customers who are industry leaders and work together with these customers to design and develop innovative product systems and solutions as they develop new technologies. (cid:129) Develop and acquire new technologies and market share—We will continue to enhance our market position through our existing technologies and develop new technologies through our internal research and development efforts, as well as through the acquisition of additional complementary technologies, intellectual property, manufacturing processes and product offerings. (cid:129) Streamline our manufacturing structure and improve our cost structure—We will focus on optimizing the mix of products that we manufacture internally and externally. We will utilize vertical integration where our internal manufacturing process is considered proprietary and seek to leverage external sources when the capabilities and cost structure are well developed and on a path towards commoditization. (cid:129) Focus on long-term improvement of adjusted EBITDA, in dollars and as a percentage of net sales—We define adjusted EBITDA as operating income adjusted for depreciation, amortization, stock compensation expenses, major restructuring costs and certain other non-operating income and expense items. Key initiatives to reach our goals for EBITDA improvements include utilization of our Asian manufacturing locations, rationalizing our supply chain and continued leveraging of our infrastructure. APPLICATIONS Our products address a broad range of applications that we group into the following markets: Microelectronics, Materials Processing, OEM Components and Instrumentation and Scientific Research and Government Programs. Microelectronics Nowhere is the trend towards miniaturization more prevalent than in the Microelectronics market where smart phones, tablets, ultrabooks, personal computers (‘‘PC’s’’) and televisions (‘‘TV’s’’) are driving advances in displays, integrated circuits and PCBs. In response to market demands and expectations, semiconductor and device manufacturers are continually seeking to improve their process and design technologies in order to manufacture smaller, more powerful and more reliable devices at lower cost. New laser applications and new laser technologies are a key element in delivering higher resolution and higher precision at lower manufacturing cost. We support three major markets in the microelectronics industry: (1) flat panel display (‘‘FPDs’’) manufacturing, (2) advanced packaging and interconnects and (3) semiconductor front-end. Microelectronics—flat panel display manufacturing The high-volume consumer market is driving the production of FPDs in applications such as mobile phones, tablets, ultrabooks, laptop computers, and TVs. There are several types of established and emerging displays based on quite different technologies, including liquid crystal (‘‘LCD’’) and organic polymers (‘‘OLED’’). Each of these technologies utilize laser applications given that lasers provide higher process speed, better yield, improved battery life, lower cost and/or superior display brightness and resolution. 7 Several display types require a high-density pattern of silicon thin film transistors (‘‘TFTs’’). If this silicon is polycrystalline, the display performance is greatly enhanced. In the past, these polysilicon layers could only be produced on expensive special glass at high temperatures. However, excimer-based processes, such as excimer laser annealing (‘‘ELA’’) have allowed high-volume production of low-temperature polysilicon (‘‘LTPS’’) on conventional glass substrates. Our excimer lasers provide an invaluable solution for LTPS because they are the only industrial-grade excimer lasers with the high pulse energy optimized for this application. The current state-of-the-art product for this application is our excimer VYPER laser, which delivers over 1000W of power, enabling customers to scale to current Generation 5 & 5.5 substrates all the way up to Generation 8 sizes. These systems are integral to the manufacturing process on all leading LTPS-based smart phone displays, with the highest commercially available pixel densities of greater than 300 pixels per inch (ppi) and hold the potential for deployment in tablet display and OLED TV manufacturing. Our AVIA, Rapid, Talisker and DIAMOND lasers are also used in other production processes for FPDs. These processes include drilling, cutting, patterning, marking and yield improvement. Lasers have also become a valuable tool in high-brightness (‘‘HB’’) LED manufacturing, improving LED performance and yield. LED has seen rapid growth over the last several years due to widespread adoption as the light source in all categories of LCD displays, from phones all the way to full size TVs. Our lasers are used in the back-end processing of HB-LEDs. Microelectronics—advanced packaging and interconnects After a wafer is patterned, there are then a host of other processes, referred to as back-end processing, which finally result in a packaged encapsulated silicon chip. Ultimately, these chips are then assembled into finished products. The advent of high-speed logic and high-memory content devices has caused chip manufacturers to look for alternative technologies to improve performance and lower process costs. In terms of materials, this search includes new types of materials, such as low-k and thinner silicon. Our AVIA, Rapid, Talisker and Matrix lasers provide economical methods of cutting and scribing these wafers while delivering higher yields than traditional mechanical methods. There are similar trends in chip packaging and PCB manufacturing requiring more compact packaging and denser interconnects. In many cases, lasers present enabling technologies. For instance, lasers are now the only economically practical method for drilling microvias in chip substrates and in both rigid and flexible PCBs. These microvias are tiny interconnects that are essential for enabling high-density circuitry commonly used in smart phones, tablets and advanced computing systems. Our DIAMOND carbon dioxide (‘‘CO2’’) and AVIA diode pumped solid state (‘‘DPSS’’) lasers are the lasers of choice in this application. The ability of these lasers to operate at very high repetition rates translates into faster drilling speeds and increased throughput in microvia processing applications. In addition, multi-layer circuit boards require more flexible production methods than conventional printing technologies can offer, which has led to widespread adoption of laser direct imaging (‘‘LDI’’). Our Paladin laser is used for this application. Microelectronics—semiconductor front-end The term ‘‘front-end’’ refers to the production of semiconductor devices which occurs prior to packaging. As semiconductor device geometries decrease in size, devices become increasingly susceptible to smaller defects during each phase of the manufacturing process and these defects can negatively impact yield. One of the semiconductor industry’s responses to the increasing vulnerability of semiconductor devices to smaller defects has been to use defect detection and inspection techniques that are closely linked to the manufacturing process. For example, automated laser-based inspection systems are now 8 used to detect and locate defects as small as 0.01 micron, which may not be observable by conventional optical microscopes. Detecting the presence of defects is only the first step in preventing their recurrence. After detection, defects must be examined in order to identify their size, shape and the process step in which the defect occurred. This examination is called defect classification. Identification of the sources of defects in the lengthy and complex semiconductor manufacturing process has become essential for maintaining high yield production. Semiconductor manufacturing has become an around-the-clock operation and it is important for products used for inspection, measurement and testing to be reliable and to have long lifetimes. Our Azure, Paladin and Excimer lasers are used to detect and characterize defects in semiconductor chips. Materials Processing Lasers are widely accepted today in many important industrial manufacturing applications including cutting, welding, joining, drilling, perforating, and marking of metals and nonmetals. We supply high-power lasers for metal processing and low-to-medium power lasers for laser marking, nonmetals processing and precision micromachining. Our high power industrial laser systems are used for cutting, welding, cladding and hardening of metals, as well as other materials processing applications. Our Semiconductor business provides higher power arrays with powers in excess of 50 kilowatts through proprietary cooling and stacking technology. This unique technology provides the engine for both our Highlight direct diode systems as well as our kW class fiber lasers. Our differentiated fiber laser design offers our customers a higher level of integration and additional options for product serviceability. Our fiber lasers are used for metal cutting, cladding and welding applications. Complementing our high power solid state lasers is our industry leading DIAMOND E1000 CO2 laser. Introduced in 2009, this laser remains in high demand due to its high power, small size and completely sealed design—all ideal for material processing. Combining the high power Direct Diode, Fiber and CO2 offerings with our MetaBeam 1000 flatbed cutting tool provides a strong, compelling four-pronged approach to meeting the needs of our diverse materials processing customers. The new METABEAM 1000 offers the industry’s most compact 1kW tool, with tool footprints at least 50% smaller than competitive designs. Operating costs, due to a combination of input power efficiencies and the sealed nature of the DIAMOND series of CO2 lasers, are 50% less than similar, but larger tools. We also participate in the low to medium power area, including such applications as the cutting, drilling and joining of a host of materials using our DIAMOND CO2 lasers; Highlight fiber array product (‘‘FAP’’) semiconductor lasers in OEM opportunities and direct end user applications with the lower power OMNIBEAM and METABEAM cutting tools; applications including cutting, perforating and scoring of paper, thin metals and packaging materials; and various cutting and patterning applications in the textile, wood and sign industries. In the specific area of textiles and clothing, our DIAMOND lasers service older applications, such as cutting complex shapes in leather for footwear, as well as newer applications such as creating detailed fade patterns on designer denims. Laser marking and coding are generally considered part of the precision materials processing applications market for which we remain a leading supplier. One such area where applications are growing rapidly is the displacement of ink-jet coding due to both aesthetic and environmental pressures. The optimum choice of laser depends on the material being marked, whether it is a surface mark (engraved) or a sub-surface mark, and the specific economics of the application. Our DIAMOND C and GEM Series of CO2 lasers provide many systems manufacturers with a reliable cost effective source for marking and engraving on non-metals. In addition, our Matrix product line of 9 reliable, compact and low-cost DPSS lasers provides an ideal solution for marking of other materials in high volume manufacturing. OEM components and instrumentation Instrumentation is one of our more mature commercial applications. Representative applications within this market include bio-instrumentation, medical OEMs, graphic arts and display and machine vision. We also support the laser-based instrumentation market with a range of laser-related components, including diode lasers for optical pumping. Our OEM component business includes sales to other, less integrated laser manufacturers participating in OEM markets such as materials processing, scientific, and medical. Bio-instrumentation Bio-instrumentation applications for lasers include bio-agent detection for point source and standoff detection of pathogens or other bio-toxins; confocal microscopy for biological imaging that allows researchers and clinicians to visualize cellular and subcellular structures and processes with an incredible amount of detail; DNA sequencing that provides automation and data acquisition rates that would be impossible by any other method; drug discovery—genomic and proteomic analyses that enable drug discovery to proceed at very high throughput rates; and flow cytometry for analyzing single cells or populations of cells in a heterogeneous mixture, including blood samples. Our OBIS, Galaxy, Sapphire, Compass and Coherent CUBE lasers are used in several bio-instrumentation applications. Medical Therapy We sell a variety of components and lasers to medical laser companies in end-user applications such as ophthalmology, aesthetic, surgical, therapeutic and dentistry. Our DIAMOND series CO2 lasers are widely used in ophthalmic, aesthetic and surgical markets. We have a leading position in Lasik and photorefractive keratectomy surgery methods with our ExciStar XS excimer laser platform. With the acquisition of Lumera, we now have ultrafast lasers targeted for use in laser cataract surgery. The unique ability of our optically pumped semiconductor lasers (‘‘OPSL’’) technology to match a wavelength to an application has led to the development of a high-power yellow (577nm) laser for the treatment of eye related diseases, such as Age Related Macular Degeneration and retinal diseases associated with diabetes. The 577nm wavelength was designed to match the peak in absorption of oxygenated hemoglobin thereby allowing treatment to occur at a lower power level, and thus reducing stress and heat-load placed on the eye with traditional green-based (530nm) solid state lasers. Other applications where our OBIS, Genesis and Sapphire series of lasers are used include the retinal scanning market in diagnostic imaging systems as well as new ground breaking in-vivo imaging. Scientific research and government programs We are widely recognized as a technology innovator and the scientific market has historically provided an ideal ‘‘test market’’ for our leading-edge innovations. These have included ultrafast lasers, DPSS lasers, continuous-wave (‘‘CW’’) systems, excimer gas lasers and water-cooled ion gas lasers. Our portfolio of lasers that address the scientific research market is broad and includes our Chameleon, COMPexPro, Evolution, Legend, Libra, MBD, MBR, Vitara, Mira and Verdi lasers. Many of the innovations and products pioneered in the scientific marketplace have become commercial successes for both our OEM customers and us. We have a large installed base of scientific lasers which are used in a wide range of applications spanning virtually every branch of science and engineering. These applications include biology and life science, engineering, physical chemistry and physics. Most of these applications require the use of ultrafast lasers that enable the generation of pulses short enough to be measured in femto- or 10 attoseconds (10-15 to 10-18 seconds). Because of these very short pulse durations, ultrafast lasers enable the study of fundamental physical and chemical processes with temporal resolution unachievable with any other tool. These lasers also deliver very high peak power and large bandwidths, which can be used to generate many exotic effects. Some of these are now finding their way into mainstream applications, such as microscopy or materials processing. The use of ultrafast lasers such as the Chameleon in microscopy is now a common occurrence in bio-imaging labs. FUTURE TRENDS Microelectronics Lasers are widely used in mass production microelectronics applications largely because they enable entirely new application capabilities that cannot be realized by any other known means. These laser-based fabrication and testing methods provide a level of precision, typically on a micrometer and nanometer level, that are unique, faster, are touch free, deliver superior end products, increase yields, and/or cut production costs. We anticipate this trend to continue, driven primarily by the increasing sophistication of consumer electronic goods and their convergence via the internet, resulting in increasing demand for better displays, more bandwidth and memory, and all packaged into devices which are lighter, thinner and consume less power. Although this market follows the macro-economic trends and carries inherent risks, we believe that we are well positioned to continue to capitalize on the current market trends and that we will see continued increased adoption of our solid-state, CO2, pulsed fiber, direct diode and excimer lasers, as all these lasers enable entirely new applications, performance improvements and reduced process costs. LTPS-based high resolution mobile displays (greater than 300ppi), and especially the emergence of OLED technology, is evolving as the prevalent FPD technology. We believe we are well positioned, especially with our Vyper Excimer lasers and LB optical systems, to take advantage of this trend, including the possibility of LTPS-based OLED TVs and flexible OLED displays. CO2, Avia, Rapid, Talisker, Helios and direct diode lasers all seem aligned with the need for related FPD touch panel, film cutting, light guide technology, repair, frit welding and glass cutting applications. The trend for thinner and lighter devices is impacting the glass substrates used in today’s mobile devices requiring thinner glass with higher degrees of mechanical strength and scratch resistance. Mechanical means of cutting these glass panels are no longer adequate to meet future requirements and we expect lasers to play an increased role. Our CO2 and Rapid lasers are well positioned to take advantage of this trend. Semiconductor devices look set to continue Moore’s Law, shrinking device geometries for at least another decade, as well as expanding vertically into new 3D structures. As a result we believe our many UV laser sources (such as Azure, Paladin, Avia, Talisker, ExiStar and Matrix) will continue to find increasing adoption, since their unique optical properties align well with the process demands of a nanometer scale world. The same lasers plus CO2 are also widely adopted for back end Advanced Packaging and Interconnect (API) applications. With dimension roadmaps showing a decade of dimension shrink on PCBs, interconnects, Silicon & LED scribe widths and glass thickness, we believe that our portfolio of lasers aligns well with these demands as well as new processes that seem likely to be enabled by our lasers, to meet the increasing demands and decreasing tolerances of these markets. Materials processing The market for low to medium power CO2, solid state and semiconductor lasers used in industrial materials processing has experienced a nice rebound and is expected to see continued growth driven by 11 wider adoption of lasers in new processes especially in emerging markets. Key design wins as well as more favorable markets continue to support our growth in this area. These lasers represent a cost-effective manufacturing solution for cutting, joining, marking and engraving of non-metal materials including marking/coding, flat bed cutting, engraving, as well as the production of capital equipment for apparel and leather goods manufacturing. The market for kW class fiber lasers has seen strong growth in recent years, replacing legacy multi-kW CO2 lasers in metal cutting and other applications. This trend will likely continue into the future. We believe we are well positioned to benefit from this large and growing market with our line of kW fiber lasers. Our four-pronged approach to the higher power industrial laser market provides us with a unique combination of high power, precision and compact size, which we believe will be highly desirable in existing manufacturing environments as well as those of the future. We offer kilowatt Diamond CO2 lasers, Highlight fiber and direct diode lasers as well as the MetaBEAM family of turnkey laser machine tools. Several factors are enabling us to gain market share in the materials processing market. We have developed an expanded portfolio of lasers with a broad spectrum of wavelengths, enabling optimum solutions for virtually every metal and non-metal material type. At the same time, the reliability of these products has been achieved at even higher levels, lowering the cost of ownership. OEM components and instrumentation The instrumentation market is seeing a gradual migration from the use of mature laser technologies, such as water-cooled ion gas lasers, to new technologies, primarily based on solid state and semiconductor lasers. Using our unique portfolio of such lasers, as well as our patented OPSL technology, we are able to both assist and stimulate this transition as well as to be the technology of choice for developing applications such as security and clinical diagnostics. Our OPSL technology resulted in the first truly continuous wave solid-state UV laser which enables the use of UV in a clinical as well as a research environment. Furthermore we anticipate greater future opportunities in bio-instrumentation, including DNA sequencing, drug discovery, flow cytometry, and microscopy, based on our product enhancements and evolving market developments, particularly in increased migration from clinical to point-of-care diagnostics. Our newer laser technologies are the basis of a number of clinical procedures. In the area of photocoagulation, our Genesis OPSL yellow lasers are being used as the wavelength is particularly suitable for the treatment of blood vessels. In aesthetic laser procedures, we are an OEM supplier of CO2 and semiconductor lasers to the major manufacturers of equipment used in the latest procedures in dermatology and hair removal. We supply excimer lasers used in refractive eye surgery and are actively involved in further developments in laser vision correction including use of ultrafast lasers in applications such as laser cataract surgery where higher precision and use of advanced implants enable better and more reliable patient outcomes. Laser cataract surgery is a relatively new application which is expected to see strong growth over the next several years. Scientific research and government programs The scientific market benefited from stimulus funding during fiscal 2011, with applications in ultrashort pulses and in bio-research being the drivers of this anticipated expansion. We have recently seen the total amount of government-related funding for scientific research decline to pre-stimulus levels and it is unclear whether or to what extent the recent ‘‘U.S. fiscal cliff’’ experience will impact future government research funding. However, we believe that as we push the boundaries of performance and ease of use in our ultrafast lasers, we have the potential to capture a large share of the available market by enabling our customers to win funding for new research fields that drive discovery. While these markets remain highly competitive, we believe our leadership position and new product pipeline will drive attosecond science boundaries and biological imaging ease of use, enabling new research frontiers to be forged and we would expect a gain in market share as a result. 12 MARKET APPLICATIONS We design, manufacture and market lasers, laser tools, precision optics and related accessories for a diverse group of customers. The following table lists our major markets and the Coherent technologies serving these markets.* Market Application Technology Microelectronics Flat panel display Advanced packaging and interconnects Semiconductor front-end Materials processing Metal cutting, joining, surface treatment Laser marking and coding Non-metal cutting, drilling OEM components and instrumentation Bio-Instrumentation Graphic arts and display Medical therapy (OEM) Scientific research and government programs All scientific applications CO2 DPSS Excimer Ultrafast Semiconductor CO2 DPSS Excimer Ultrafast CO2 DPSS OPSL Excimer Ion CO2 Fiber Semiconductor Laser Machine Tools CO2 DPSS CO2 DPSS Excimer Semiconductor Laser Machine Tools DPSS OPSL Semiconductor Ultrafast OPSL CO2 CO2 DPSS Ultrafast Excimer OPSL Semiconductor DPSS Excimer OPSL Ultrafast * Coherent sells its laser measurement and control products into a number of these applications. In addition to products we provide, we invest routinely in the core technologies needed to create substantial differentiation for our products in the marketplace. Our semiconductor, crystal and fiber 13 facilities all maintain an external customer base providing value-added solutions. We direct significant engineering efforts to produce unique solutions targeted for internal consumption. These investments, once integrated into our broader product portfolio, provide our customers with uniquely differentiated solutions and the opportunity to substantially enhance the performance, reliability and capability of the products we offer. TECHNOLOGIES Diode-pumped solid-state lasers DPSS lasers use semiconductor lasers to pump a crystal to produce a laser beam. By changing the energy, optical components and the types of crystals used in the laser, different wavelengths and types of laser light can be produced. The efficiency, reliability, longevity and relatively low cost of DPSS lasers make them ideally suited for a wide range of OEM and end-user applications, particularly those requiring 24-hour operations. Our DPSS systems are compact and self-contained sealed units. Unlike conventional tools and other lasers, our DPSS lasers require minimal maintenance since they do not have internal controls or components that require adjusting and cleaning to maintain consistency. They are also less affected by environmental changes in temperature and humidity, which can alter alignment and inhibit performance in many systems. We manufacture a variety of types of DPSS lasers for different applications including semiconductor inspection; advanced packaging and interconnects; laser pumping; spectroscopy; bio-agent detection; DNA sequencing; drug discovery; flow cytometry; forensics; computer-to-plate printing; entertainment lighting (display); medical; rapid prototyping and marking, welding, engraving, cutting and drilling. Fiber lasers Fiber lasers use semiconductor lasers to pump a doped optical fiber to produce a laser beam. The unique features of a fiber laser make them suitable for producing high power, continuous wave laser beams. We have introduced a 1 kilowatt fiber laser. Our fiber laser design has several unique features including a modular design for improved serviceability and diode bar based pumping. Due to packaging efficiency, diode bars reduce the overall cost of a fiber laser. Some of the most critical components inside a fiber laser include the gain fiber itself and the diodes providing the pump power. We are well positioned as a fiber laser supplier since we are vertically integrated with respect to these key technologies; we use diode bars and fiber manufactured in-house. We plan to continue to drive cost reduction in our diode laser pumps and demonstrate the scalability of the platform by moving up the power scale into the multi kilowatt regime. This platform will address the growing high power metal cutting and joining market. Gas lasers (CO2, Excimer, Ion) The breadth of our gas laser portfolio is industry leading, encompassing CO2, excimer and ion laser technologies. Gas lasers derive their name from the use of one or more gases as a lasing medium. They collectively span an extremely diverse and useful emission range, from the very deep ultraviolet to the far infrared. This diverse range of available wavelengths, coupled with high optical output power, and an abundance of other attractive characteristics, makes gas lasers extremely useful and popular for a variety of microelectronics, scientific, medical therapeutic and materials processing applications. 14 Optically Pumped Semiconductor Lasers (‘‘OPSL’’) Our OPSL platform is a surface emitting semiconductor laser that is energized or pumped by a semiconductor laser. The use of optical pumping circumvents inherent power scaling limitations of electrically pumped lasers, enabling very high powered devices. A wide range of wavelengths can be achieved by varying the semiconductor materials used in the device and changing the frequency of the laser beam using techniques common in solid state lasers. The platform leverages high reliability technologies developed for telecommunications and produces a compact, rugged, high power, single-mode laser. Our OPSL products are well suited to a wide range of applications, including the bio-instrumentation, medical therapeutics and graphic arts and display markets. In fiscal 2009, our Genesis yellow laser continued to make progress in ophthalmology and we have expanded our offerings in the area of entertainment lighting using a variety of products across the visible spectrum. We also continue to expand our ultraviolet version of the OPSL platform called the Genesis, which was developed for the bio-instrumentation market. Semiconductor lasers High power edge emitting semiconductor diode lasers use the same principles as widely-used CD and DVD lasers, but produce significantly higher power levels. The advantages of this type of laser include smaller size, longer life, enhanced reliability and greater efficiency. We manufacture a wide range of discrete semiconductor laser products with wavelengths ranging from 650nm to over 1000nm and output powers ranging from 1W to over 100W, with highly integrated products in the kW range. These products are available in a variety of industry standard form factors including the following: bare die, packaged and fiber coupled single emitters and bars, monolithic stacks, and fully integrated modules with microprocessor controlled units that contain power supplies and active coolers. Our semiconductor lasers are used internally as the pump lasers in DPSS, fiber and OPSL products that are manufactured by us, as well as a wide variety of external medical, OEM, military and industrial applications, including aesthetic (hair removal, cosmetic dentistry), graphic arts, counter measures, rangefinders, target designators, and plastic welding. Ultrafast (‘‘UF’’) Lasers Ultrafast lasers are lasers generating light pulses with durations of a few femtoseconds (10-15 seconds) to a few tens of picoseconds (10-11 seconds). These types of lasers are used for medical, advanced microelectronics and materials processing applications as well as scientific research. UF laser oscillators generate a train of pulses at 50-100 MHz, with peak powers of tens of kilowatts, and UF laser amplifiers generate pulses at 1-2000 kHz, with peak powers up to several Terawatts. The extremely short duration of UF laser pulses enables temporally resolving fast events like the dynamics of atoms or electrons. In addition, the high peak power enables so-called non-linear effects where several photons can be absorbed by a molecule at the same time. This type of process enables applications like multi-photon excitation microscopy or UF ablation of materials with high precision and minimal thermal damage. SALES AND MARKETING We primarily market our products in the United States through a direct sales force. Our foreign sales are made principally to customers in South Korea, Japan, Germany and other European and Asia-Pacific countries. We sell internationally through direct sales personnel located in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, China, South Korea, Taiwan and the United Kingdom, as well as through independent representatives in certain jurisdictions around the world. Foreign sales 15 accounted for 77% of our total net sales in fiscal 2013, 76% of our total net sales in fiscal 2012 and 74% of our total net sales in fiscal 2011. In fiscal 2013, sales to Asian markets continued to grow at a faster rate than sales to other geographic regions. Sales made to independent representatives and distributors are generally priced in U.S. dollars. A large portion of foreign sales that we make directly to customers are priced in local currencies and are therefore subject to currency exchange fluctuations. Foreign sales are also subject to other normal risks of foreign operations such as protective tariffs, export and import controls and political instability. We had one customer during fiscal 2013 who contributed more than 10% of revenue, Advanced Process Systems Corporation. We had two customers during fiscal 2012 who contributed more than 10% of revenue, Japan Steel Works, Ltd. and Advanced Process Systems Corporation. There were no major customers over 10% of revenues for fiscal 2011. To support our sales efforts we maintain and continue to invest in a number of applications centers around the world, where our applications experts work closely with customers on developing laser processes to meet their manufacturing needs. The applications span a wide range, but are mostly centered around the materials processing and microelectronics markets. Locations include several facilities in the US, Europe and Asia. We maintain customer support and field service staff in major markets within the United States, Europe, Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan and other Asia-Pacific countries. This organization works closely with customers, customer groups and independent representatives in servicing equipment, training customers to use our products and exploring additional applications of our technologies. We typically provide parts and service warranties on our lasers, laser-based systems, optical and laser components and related accessories and services. Warranties on some of our products and services may be shorter or longer than one year. Warranty reserves, as reflected on our consolidated balance sheets, have generally been sufficient to cover product warranty repair and replacement costs. The weighted average warranty period covered is approximately 15 months. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT We are constantly developing and introducing new products as well as improving and refining existing products to better serve the markets we participate in. Our development efforts are focused on designing and developing products, services and solutions that anticipate customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends. Our efforts are also focused on identifying the areas where we believe we can make valuable contributions. Research and development expenditures for fiscal 2013 were $82.8 million, or 10.2% of net sales compared to $78.3 million, or 10.2% of net sales for fiscal 2012 and $81.2 million, or 10.1% of net sales for fiscal 2011. We work closely with customers, both individually and through our sponsored seminars, to develop products to meet customer application and performance needs. In addition, we are working with leading research and educational institutions to develop new photonics based solutions. MANUFACTURING Strategies One of our core manufacturing strategies is to tightly control our supply of key parts, components, sub-assemblies and outsourcing partners. We primarily utilize vertical integration when we have proprietary internal capabilities that are not cost-effectively available from external sources. We believe this is essential to maintain high quality products and enable rapid development and deployment of new products and technologies. We provide customers with 24-hour technical expertise and quality that is International Organization for Standardization (‘‘ISO’’) certified at our principal manufacturing sites. 16 Committed to quality and customer satisfaction, we design and produce many of our own components and sub-assemblies in order to retain quality and performance control. We have also outsourced certain components, sub-assemblies and finished goods where we can maintain our high quality standards while improving our cost structure. As part of our strategy to increase our market share and customer support in Asia as well as our continuing efforts to manage costs, we acquired the business assets of privately-held Hypertronics in the second quarter of fiscal 2011. Hypertronics’ assets included an engineering and integration center in Singapore and a low cost manufacturing facility in Penang, Malaysia. We have increased the footprint of both the Singapore and Malaysia factories and are using these operations to expand our laser manufacturing and repair activities in Asia. This will allow us to reduce service response time and inventories, providing benefits to us and to our customers. We have also established an International Procurement Office in Singapore and have started to increase our sourcing of materials from Asia to reduce material costs on a global basis. In fiscal 2012, we opened a tube refurbishment manufacturing site in South Korea to better service our customers in that region. In fiscal 2013, we expanded our manufacturing presence in Germany through the acquisitions of Innolight and Lumera. We have designed and implemented proprietary manufacturing tools, equipment and techniques in an effort to provide products that differentiate us from our competitors. These proprietary manufacturing techniques are utilized in a number of our product lines including our gas laser production, crystal growth, beam alignment as well as the wafer growth for our semiconductor and optically pumped semiconductor laser product family. Raw materials or sub-components required in the manufacturing process are generally available from several sources. However, we currently purchase several key components and materials, including exotic materials, crystals and optics, used in the manufacture of our products from sole source or limited source suppliers. We also purchase assemblies and turnkey solutions from contract manufacturers based on our proprietary designs. We rely on our own production and design capability to manufacture and specify certain strategic components, crystals, fibers, semiconductor lasers, lasers and laser based systems. For a discussion of the importance to our business of, and the risks attendant to sourcing, see ‘‘Risk Factors’’ in item 1A—‘‘We depend on sole source or limited source suppliers, both internal and external, for some of our key components and materials, including exotic materials, certain cutting-edge optics and crystals, in our products, which make us susceptible to supply shortages or price fluctuations that could adversely affect our business.’’ Operations Our products are manufactured at our sites in Santa Clara and Sunnyvale, California; Wilsonville, Oregon; East Hanover, New Jersey; Bloomfield, Connecticut; Salem, New Hampshire; L¨ubeck, Germany; G¨ottingen, Germany; Kaiserslautern, Germany; Hannover, Germany; Glasgow, Scotland; Kallang Sector, Singapore; and Penang, Malaysia. In addition, we also use contract manufacturers for the production of certain assemblies and turnkey solutions. Our ion gas lasers, a portion of our DPSS lasers that are used in microelectronics, scientific research and materials processing applications, semiconductor lasers, fiber lasers and ultrafast scientific lasers are manufactured at our Santa Clara, California site. Our laser diode module products, laser instrumentation products, test and measurement equipment products are manufactured in Wilsonville, Oregon. We manufacture exotic crystals in East Hanover, New Jersey and both active and passive fibers are manufactured in our Salem, New Hampshire facility. Our CO2 gas lasers are manufactured in Bloomfield, Connecticut. We manufacture a portion of our DPSS lasers used in microelectronics and OEM components and instrumentation applications in L¨ubeck, Germany. We manufacture a portion of our DPSS lasers used in microelectronics, OEM components and instrumentation and materials processing applications in 17 Kaiserslautern, Germany. We manufacture a portion of our DPSS lasers used in microelectronics and scientific applications in Hannover, Germany. Our excimer gas laser products are manufactured in G¨ottingen, Germany. We manufacture the fiber-based lasers and a portion of our DPSS lasers used in microelectronics and scientific research applications in Glasgow, Scotland. Our facility in Sunnyvale, California grows the aluminum-free materials that are incorporated into our semiconductor lasers. We have transferred several products and subassemblies for manufacture at our Singapore and Malaysia facilities and we are in the process of transferring additional product manufacturing to Singapore and Malaysia as part of our Asia strategy. We refurbish excimer tubes at our manufacturing site in South Korea. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. As of September 28, 2013, we held approximately 429 U.S. and foreign patents, which expire from 2014 through 2030 (depending on the payment of maintenance fees) and we have approximately 156 additional pending patent applications that have been filed. The issued patents cover various products in all of the major markets that we serve. For a discussion of the importance to our business of, and the risks attendant to intellectual property rights, see ‘‘Risk Factors’’ in Item 1A—‘‘We may not be able to protect our proprietary technology which could adversely affect our competitive advantage’’ and ‘‘We may, in the future, be subject to claims or litigation from third parties, for claims of infringement of their proprietary rights or to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of competitors or other rights holders. These claims could result in costly litigation and the diversion of our technical and management personnel. Adverse resolution of litigation may harm our operating results or financial condition.’’ COMPETITION Competition in the various photonics markets in which we provide products is very intense. We compete against a number of companies including CVI Melles Griot, GSI Group, Inc., IPG Photonics Corporation, JDS Uniphase Corporation, Newport Corporation, Rofin-Sinar Technologies, Inc., and Trumpf GmbH, as well as other smaller companies. We compete globally based on our broad product offering, reliability, cost, and performance advantages for the widest range of commercial and scientific research applications. Other considerations by our customers include warranty, global service and support and distribution. BACKLOG At fiscal 2013 year-end, our backlog of orders scheduled for shipment (within one year) was $285.8 million compared to $352.8 million at fiscal 2012 and $356.5 million at fiscal 2011 year-end. By segment, backlog for SLS was $204.7 million, $272.1 million and $265.9 million, respectively, at fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 year-ends. Backlog for CLC was $81.1 million, $80.7 million and $90.6 million, respectively, at fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 year-ends. The decrease in SLS backlog from fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2013 year-end is primarily due to timing of large excimer laser annealing orders for the flat panel display market. Orders used to compute backlog are generally cancelable without substantial penalties. Historically, the rate of cancellation experienced by us has not been significant though we cannot guarantee that cancellations will not increase in the future. SEASONALITY We have historically experienced decreased bookings and revenue in the first fiscal quarter compared to other quarters in our fiscal year due to the impact of time off and business closures at 18 many of our customers due to year-end holidays. This historical pattern should not be considered a reliable indicator of the Company’s future net sales or financial performance. EMPLOYEES As of fiscal 2013 year-end, we had 2,514 employees. Approximately 391 of our employees are involved in research and development; 1,530 of our employees are involved in operations, manufacturing, service and quality assurance; and 593 of our employees are involved in sales, order administration, marketing, finance, information technology and other administrative functions. Our success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain employees. We face competition in this regard from other companies, research and academic institutions, government entities and other organizations. We consider our relations with our employees to be good. ACQUISITIONS In December 2012, we acquired privately held Lumera Laser GmbH (Kaiserslautern, Germany) for approximately $51.5 million, excluding transaction costs. Lumera manufactures ultrafast solid state lasers for microelectronics, OEM medical and materials processing applications. Lumera has been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. In October 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Innolight Innovative Laser and Systemtechnik GmbH for approximately $18.3 million, excluding transaction costs. Innolight provides a core technology building block for an emerging class of commercial, sub-nanosecond lasers for microelectronics manufacturing. Its semiconductor-based architecture delivers pulsed output that can be amplified by conventional or fiber amplifiers to ultimately deliver infrared, green or ultraviolet light capable of processing a range of materials. Innolight has been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. In July 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of MiDAZ Lasers Ltd for approximately $3.8 million in cash. MiDAZ was a technology-based acquisition. We intend to utilize the acquired technology in low cost, compact pulsed solid state lasers. MiDAZ has been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. In January 2011, we acquired all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Hypertronics Pte Ltd for approximately $14.5 million in cash. Hypertronics designs and manufactures laser-and vision-based tools for flat panel, storage, semiconductor and solar applications at facilities in Singapore and Malaysia. Hypertronics has been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. Please refer to ‘‘Note 4. Business Combinations’’ of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 15 of this annual report for further discussion of the acquisition completed during fiscal 2013. RESTRUCTURINGS AND CONSOLIDATION There were no new restructuring activities undertaken during fiscal 2013 or fiscal 2012. During the first quarter of fiscal 2010, we acquired the assets and certain liabilities of StockerYale’s laser module product line in Montreal, Canada and began to transition those activities to contract manufacturers and other Coherent facilities in Salem, Massachusetts, Wilsonville, Oregon and Sunnyvale, California. The transfer was completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2011. During the second quarter of fiscal 2009, we announced our plans to close our facilities in Tampere, Finland and St. Louis, Missouri. The closure of our St. Louis, Missouri and Yokohama, Japan sites were completed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009. The closure of our Finland site was scheduled for completion by the end of fiscal 2010, but we decided to delay the closure due to increased demand 19 for products manufactured in Finland. In the second quarter of fiscal 2011, we ceased manufacturing operations in our Finland facility and we exited the facility in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. GOVERNMENT REGULATION Environmental regulation Our operations are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental protection regulations relating to the use, storage, handling and disposal of regulated materials, chemicals, various radioactive materials and certain waste products. In the United States, we are subject to the federal regulation and control of the Environmental Protection Agency. Comparable authorities are involved in other countries. Such rules are subject to change by the governing agency and we monitor those changes closely. We expect all operations to meet the legal and regulatory environmental requirements and believe that compliance with those regulations will not have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, earnings and competitive and financial position. Although we believe that our safety procedures for using, handling, storing and disposing of such materials comply with the standards required by federal and state laws and regulations, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of such an accident involving such materials, we could be liable for damages and such liability could exceed the amount of our liability insurance coverage and the resources of our business. We may face potentially increasing complexity in our product designs and procurement operations due to the evolving nature of product compliance standards. Those standards may impact the material composition of our products entering specific markets. Such regulations went into effect in the European Union (‘‘EU’’) in 2006, and China in 2007. We could face significant costs and liabilities in connection with product take-back legislation. Beginning in 2006, the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive made producers of electrical goods financially responsible for specified collection, recycling, treatment and disposal of past and future covered products. In addition, the EU has added the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals Regulation, otherwise known as the REACH Regulation, which further regulates substances and products imported, manufactured or sold within the EU. Similar laws are now pending in various jurisdictions around the world, including the United States. Environmental liabilities Our operations are subject to various laws and regulations governing the environment, including the discharge of pollutants and the management and disposal of hazardous substances. As a result of our historic as well as on-going operations, we could incur substantial costs, including remediation costs. The costs under environmental laws and the timing of these costs are difficult to predict. Our accruals for such costs and liabilities may not be adequate because the estimates on which the accruals are based depend on a number of factors including the nature of the matter, the complexity of the site, site geology, the nature and extent of contamination, the type of remedy, the outcome of discussions with regulatory agencies and other Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) at multi-party sites and the number and financial viability of other PRPs. We further discuss the impact of environmental regulation under ‘‘Risk Factors’’ in Item 1A— ‘‘Compliance or the failure to comply with current and future environmental regulations could cause us significant expense.’’ SEGMENT INFORMATION We are organized into two operating segments: Specialty Lasers and Systems (‘‘SLS’’) and Commercial Lasers and Components (‘‘CLC’’). This segmentation reflects the go-to-market strategies 20 for various products and markets. SLS develops and manufacturers configurable, advanced-performance products largely serving the microelectronics, scientific research and government programs and OEM components and instrumentation markets. The size and complexity of many of the SLS products require service to be performed at the customer site by factory-trained field service engineers. While both segments work to deliver cost-effective photonics solutions, CLC focuses on higher volume products that are offered in set configurations. The product architectures are designed for easy exchange at the point of use such that product service and repairs are based upon advanced replacement and depot (i.e., factory) repair. CLC’s primary markets include materials processing, OEM components and instrumentation and microelectronics. We have identified SLS and CLC as operating segments for which discrete financial information was available. Both units have dedicated engineering, manufacturing, product business management and product line management functions. A small portion of our outside revenue is attributable to projects and recently developed products for which a segment has not yet been determined. The associated direct and indirect costs are presented in the category of Corporate and other, along with other corporate costs. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC OPERATIONS AND EXPORT SALES Financial information relating to foreign and domestic operations for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, is set forth in Note 18, ‘‘Segment and Geographic Information’’ of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 15 of this annual report. 21 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS You should carefully consider the followings risks when considering an investment in our Common Stock. These risks could materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition, cause the trading price of our Common Stock to decline materially or cause our actual results to differ materially from those expected or those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us. These risks are not exclusive, and additional risks to which we are subject include, but are not limited to, the factors mentioned under ‘‘Forward-Looking Statements’’ and the risk of our businesses described elsewhere in this annual report. Additionally, these risks and uncertainties described herein are not the only ones facing us. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial also may affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND INDUSTRY TRENDS Our operating results, including net sales, net income (loss) and adjusted EBITDA in dollars and as a percentage of net sales, as well as our stock price have varied in the past, and our future operating results will continue to be subject to quarterly and annual fluctuations based upon numerous factors, including those discussed in this Item 1A and throughout this report. Our stock price will continue to be subject to daily variations as well. Our future operating results and stock price may not follow any past trends or meet our guidance and expectations. Our net sales and operating results, such as adjusted EBITDA percentage, net income (loss) and operating expenses, and our stock price have varied in the past and may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year in the future. We believe a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control, could cause these variations and make them difficult to predict, including: (cid:129) general economic uncertainties in the macroeconomic and local economies facing us, our customers and the markets we serve; (cid:129) fluctuations in demand for our products or downturns in the industries that we serve; (cid:129) the ability of our suppliers, both internal and external, to produce and deliver components and parts, including sole or limited source components, in a timely manner, in the quantity, quality and prices desired; (cid:129) the timing of receipt and conversion of bookings to net sales; (cid:129) the concentration of a significant amount of our backlog, and resultant net sales, with a few customers; (cid:129) cancellation of customer orders and rescheduling of shipments; (cid:129) fluctuations in our product mix; (cid:129) the ability of our customers’ other suppliers to provide sufficient material to support our customers’ products; (cid:129) currency fluctuations and stability, in particular the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Korean Won, the Chinese Renminbi and the US dollar as compared to other currencies; (cid:129) commodity pricing; (cid:129) introductions of new products and product enhancements by our competitors, entry of new competitors into our markets, pricing pressures and other competitive factors; (cid:129) our ability to develop, introduce, manufacture and ship new and enhanced products in a timely manner without defects; (cid:129) our ability to manage our capacity and that of our suppliers; 22 (cid:129) our increased reliance on contract manufacturing; (cid:129) the rate of market acceptance of our new products; (cid:129) the ability of our customers to pay for our products; (cid:129) expenses associated with acquisition-related activities; (cid:129) seasonal sales trends; (cid:129) access to applicable credit markets by us, our customers and their end customers; (cid:129) delays or reductions in customer purchases of our products in anticipation of the introduction of new and enhanced products by us or our competitors; (cid:129) our ability to control expenses; (cid:129) the level of capital spending of our customers; (cid:129) potential excess and/or obsolescence of our inventory; (cid:129) costs and timing of adhering to current and developing governmental regulations and reviews relating to our products and business; (cid:129) costs related to acquisitions of technology or businesses; (cid:129) impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets; (cid:129) our ability to meet our expectations and forecasts and those of public market analysts and investors; (cid:129) the availability of research funding by governments with regard to our customers in the scientific business, such as universities; (cid:129) continued government spending on defense-related projects where we are a subcontractor; (cid:129) maintenance of supply relating to products sold to the government on terms which we would prefer not to accept; (cid:129) changes in policy, interpretations, or challenges to the allowability of costs incurred under government cost accounting standards; (cid:129) damage to our reputation as a result of coverage in social media, Internet blogs or other media outlets; (cid:129) managing our and other parties’ compliance with contracts in multiple languages and jurisdictions; (cid:129) managing our internal and third party sales representatives and distributors, including compliance with all applicable laws; (cid:129) impact of government economic policies on macroeconomic conditions; (cid:129) costs and expenses from litigation; (cid:129) costs associated with designing around or payment of licensing fees associated with issued patents in our fields of business; (cid:129) government support of the alternative energy industries, such as solar; (cid:129) the future impact of legislation, rulemaking, and changes in accounting, tax, defense procurement, or export policies; and (cid:129) distraction of management related to acquisition or divestment activities. 23 In addition, we often recognize a substantial portion of our sales in the last month of our fiscal quarters. Our expenses for any given quarter are typically based on expected sales and if sales are below expectations in any given quarter, the adverse impact of the shortfall on our operating results may be magnified by our inability to adjust spending quickly enough to compensate for the shortfall. We also base our manufacturing on our forecasted product mix for the quarter. If the actual product mix varies significantly from our forecast, we may not be able to fill some orders during that quarter, which would result in delays in the shipment of our products. Accordingly, variations in timing of sales, particularly for our higher priced, higher margin products, can cause significant fluctuations in quarterly operating results. Due to these and other factors, such as varying product mix, we believe that quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year comparisons of our historical operating results may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our results for any quarter or year as an indication of our future performance. Our operating results in future quarters and years may be below public market analysts’ or investors’ expectations, which would likely cause the price of our stock to fall. In addition, over the past several years, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the stock prices of many technology companies both in and outside our industry. There has not always been a direct correlation between this volatility and the performance of particular companies subject to these stock price fluctuations. Further, over the last twelve months, equity markets around the world have significantly fluctuated across most sectors. These factors, as well as general economic and political conditions or investors’ concerns regarding the credibility of corporate financial statements, may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our stock in the future. We are exposed to risks associated with worldwide economic conditions and related uncertainties which could negatively impact demand for our products and results of operations. Volatility and disruption in the capital and credit markets, depressed consumer confidence, government economic policies, negative economic conditions, volatile corporate profits and reduced capital spending could negatively impact demand for our products. In particular, it is difficult to develop and implement strategy, sustainable business models and efficient operations, as well as effectively manage supply chain relationships in the face of such conditions including uncertainty regarding the ability of some of our suppliers to continue operations and provide us with uninterrupted supply flow. Our ability to maintain our research and development investments in our broad product offerings may be adversely impacted in the event that our sales decline and do not increase in the future. Spending and the timing thereof by consumers and businesses have a significant impact on our results and, where such spending is delayed or canceled, it could have a material negative impact on our operating results. The current global economic conditions remain uncertain and challenging. Weakness in our end markets could negatively impact our net sales, gross margin and operating expenses, and consequently have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Continued uncertainty in U.S. and global fiscal policy has likely had a recent adverse impact on global financial markets and overall economic activity. Should this uncertain financial policy continue, it would likely negatively impact global economic activity, including possibly sending the U.S. into a new recession. It would also likely have negative repercussions on U.S. and global credit and financial markets, and further exacerbate sovereign debt concerns in the European Union. All of these factors would likely adversely impact the global demand for our products and the performance of our investments, and would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The financial turmoil which recently affected the banking system and financial markets continues to negatively impact financial institutions and has resulted in tighter credit markets, and lower levels of liquidity in some financial markets. There could be a number of follow-on effects from the tightened 24 credit environment on our business, including the insolvency of key suppliers or their inability to obtain credit to finance development and/or manufacture products resulting in product delays; inability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products and/or customer insolvencies; and failure of financial institutions negatively impacting our treasury functions. In the event our customers are unable to obtain credit or otherwise pay for our shipped products it could significantly impact our ability to collect on our outstanding accounts receivable. Other income and expense also could vary materially from expectations depending on gains or losses realized on the sale or exchange of financial instruments; impairment charges resulting from revaluations of debt and equity securities and other investments; interest rates; cash balances; and changes in fair value of derivative instruments. Volatility in the financial markets and any overall economic uncertainty increase the risk that the actual amounts realized in the future on our financial instruments could differ significantly from the fair values currently assigned to them. Uncertainty about current global economic conditions could also continue to increase the volatility of our stock price. In addition, political and social turmoil related to international conflicts, terrorist acts and civil unrest may put further pressure on economic conditions in the United States and abroad. Unstable economic, political and social conditions make it difficult for our customers, our suppliers and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. If such conditions persist, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer. Additionally, unstable economic conditions can provide significant pressures and burdens on individuals, which could cause them to engage in inappropriate business conduct. See ‘‘Part II, Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.’’ We depend on sole source or limited source suppliers, both internal and external, for some of our key components and materials, including exotic materials, certain cutting-edge optics and crystals, in our products, which make us susceptible to supply shortages or price fluctuations that could adversely affect our business. We currently purchase several key components and materials used in the manufacture of our products from sole source or limited source suppliers, both internal and external. Our failure to timely receive these key components and materials, such as the large optics used in our flat panel display manufacturing applications, could cause delays in the shipment of our products. Some of these suppliers are relatively small private companies that may discontinue their operations at any time and which may be particularly susceptible to prevailing economic conditions. Some of our suppliers are located in regions which may be susceptible to natural disasters, such as the flooding in Thailand and the earthquake, tsunami and resulting nuclear disaster in Japan in recent years and last year’s severe flooding and power loss in the Eastern part of the United States. We typically purchase our components and materials through purchase orders or agreed upon terms and conditions and we do not have guaranteed supply arrangements with many of these suppliers. Some of our products, particularly in the flat panel display industry, require designs and specifications which are at the cutting-edge of available technologies. Our and our customers’ designs and specifications frequently change to meet rapidly evolving market demands. Accordingly certain of our products require components and supplies which may be technologically difficult and unpredictable to manufacture. These characteristics further pressure the timely delivery of such components. We may fail to obtain these supplies in a timely manner in the future. We may experience difficulty identifying alternative sources of supply for certain components used in our products and may have to incur expenses and management distraction in assisting our current and future suppliers to meet our and our customers’ technical requirements. We would experience further delays while identifying, evaluating and testing the products of these potential alternative suppliers. Furthermore, financial or other difficulties faced by these suppliers or significant changes in demand for these components or materials could limit their availability. We continue to consolidate our supply base and move supplier locations. When we transition locations we may increase our inventory of such products as a ‘‘safety stock’’ during the transition, which may cause the amount of inventory reflected on our balance sheet to increase. 25 Additionally, many of our customers rely on sole source suppliers. In the event of a disruption of our customers’ supply chain, orders from our customers could decrease or be delayed. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these components or materials, or the inability to obtain these components and materials from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, or our failure to properly manage these moves, would impair our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers and could cause customers to cancel orders. We have historically relied exclusively on our own production capability to manufacture certain strategic components, crystals, semiconductor lasers, lasers and laser-based systems. Because we manufacture, package and test these components, products and systems at our own facilities, and such components, products and systems are not readily available from other sources, any interruption in manufacturing would adversely affect our business. In addition, our failure to achieve adequate manufacturing yields of these items at our manufacturing facilities may materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. We participate in the microelectronics market, which requires significant research and development expenses to develop and maintain products and a failure to achieve market acceptance for our products could have a significant negative impact on our business and results of operations. The microelectronics market is characterized by rapid technological change, frequent product introductions, the volatility of product supply and demand, changing customer requirements and evolving industry standards. The nature of this market requires significant research and development expenses to participate, with substantial resources invested in advance of material sales of our products to our customers in this market. Additionally, our product offerings may become obsolete given the frequent introduction of alternative technologies. In the event either our customers’ or our products fail to gain market acceptance, or the microelectronics market fails to grow, it would likely have a significant negative effect on our business and results of operations. We participate in the flat panel display market, which has a relatively limited number of end customer manufacturers. Our backlog, timing of net sales and results of operations could be negatively impacted in the event our customers reschedule orders. In the flat panel display market, there are a relatively limited number of manufacturers who are the end customers for our annealing products. Given macroeconomic conditions, varying consumer demand and technical process limitations at manufacturers, our customers may seek to reschedule or cancel orders. Challenges in meeting evolving technological requirements for these complex products by us and our suppliers could also result in delays in shipments, rescheduled or canceled orders by our customers. This could negatively impact our backlog, timing of net sales and results of operations. Additionally, as our backlog includes higher average selling price flat panel display systems, any delays or cancellation of shipments could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. Some of our laser systems are complex in design and may contain defects that are not detected until deployed by our customers, which could increase our costs and reduce our net sales. Lasers and laser systems are inherently complex in design and require ongoing regular maintenance. The manufacture of our lasers, laser products and systems involves a highly complex and precise process. As a result of the technological complexity of our products, in particular the flat panel annealing systems, changes in our or our suppliers’ manufacturing processes or the inadvertent use of defective materials by us or our suppliers could result in a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve acceptable manufacturing yields and product reliability. To the extent that we do not achieve and maintain our projected yields or product reliability, our business, operating results, financial condition and customer relationships would be adversely affected. We provide warranties on a majority 26 of our product sales, and reserves for estimated warranty costs are recorded during the period of sale. The determination of such reserves requires us to make estimates of failure rates and expected costs to repair or replace the products under warranty. We typically establish warranty reserves based on historical warranty costs for each product line. If actual return rates and/or repair and replacement costs differ significantly from our estimates, adjustments to cost of sales may be required in future periods which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Our customers may discover defects in our products after the products have been fully deployed and operated under the end user’s peak stress conditions. In addition, some of our products are combined with products from other vendors, which may contain defects. As a result, should problems occur, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. If we are unable to identify and fix defects or other problems, we could experience, among other things: (cid:129) loss of customers or orders; (cid:129) increased costs of product returns and warranty expenses; (cid:129) damage to our brand reputation; (cid:129) failure to attract new customers or achieve market acceptance; (cid:129) diversion of development and engineering resources; and (cid:129) legal actions by our customers and/or their end users. The occurrence of any one or more of the foregoing factors could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Continued volatility in the semiconductor manufacturing industry could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. A portion of our net sales in the microelectronics market depend on the demand for our products by semiconductor equipment companies. The semiconductor market has historically been characterized by sudden and severe cyclical variations in product supply and demand, which have often severely affected the demand for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, including laser-based tools and systems. The timing, severity and duration of these market cycles are difficult to predict, and we may not be able to respond effectively to these cycles. The continuing uncertainty in this market severely limits our ability to predict our business prospects or financial results in this market. During industry downturns, our net sales from this market may decline suddenly and significantly. Our ability to rapidly and effectively reduce our cost structure in response to such downturns is limited by the fixed nature of many of our expenses in the near term and by our need to continue our investment in next-generation product technology and to support and service our products. In addition, due to the relatively long manufacturing lead times for some of the systems and subsystems we sell to this market, we may incur expenditures or purchase raw materials or components for products we cannot sell. Accordingly, downturns in the semiconductor capital equipment market may materially harm our operating results. Conversely, when upturns in this market occur, we must be able to rapidly and effectively increase our manufacturing capacity to meet increases in customer demand that may be extremely rapid, and if we fail to do so we may lose business to our competitors and our relationships with our customers may be harmed. 27 Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments are managed through various banks around the world and volatility in the capital and credit market conditions could cause financial institutions to fail or materially harm service levels provided by such banks, both of which could have an adverse affect on our ability to timely access funds. World capital and credit markets have been and may continue to experience volatility and disruption. In some cases, the markets have exerted downward pressure on stock prices and credit capacity for certain issuers, as well as pressured the solvency of some financial institutions. These financial institutions, including banks, have had difficulty timely performing regular services and in some cases have failed or otherwise been largely taken over by governments. We maintain our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments with a number of financial institutions around the world. Should some or all of these financial institutions fail or otherwise be unable to timely perform requested services, we would likely have a limited ability to timely access our cash deposited with such institutions, or, in extreme circumstances the failure of such institutions could cause us to be unable to access cash for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to quickly access our funds when we need them, we may need to increase the use of our existing credit lines or access more expensive credit, if available. If we are unable to access our cash or if we access existing or additional credit or are unable to access additional credit, it could have a negative impact on our operations, including our reported net income. We are exposed to credit risk and fluctuations in the market values of our investment portfolio. Although we have not recognized any material losses on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, future declines in their market values could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. Given the global nature of our business, we have investments both domestically and internationally. There has recently been growing pressure on the creditworthiness of sovereign nations, particularly in Europe where a significant portion of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are invested, which results in corresponding pressure on the valuation of the securities issued by such nations. Additionally, our overall investment portfolio is often concentrated in certificates of deposit and money market funds. We maintain a mix of government-issued securities. Credit ratings and pricing of these investments can be negatively impacted by liquidity, credit deterioration or losses, financial results, or other factors. Additionally, liquidity issues or political actions by sovereign nations could result in decreased values for our investments in certain government securities. As a result, the value or liquidity of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments could decline or become materially impaired, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. See ‘‘Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.’’ Our future success depends on our ability to increase our sales volumes and decrease our costs to offset potential declines in the average selling prices (‘‘ASPs’’) of our products and, if we are unable to realize greater sales volumes and lower costs, our operating results may suffer. Our ability to increase our sales volume and our future success depends on the continued growth of the markets for lasers, laser systems and related accessories, as well as our ability to identify, in advance, emerging markets for laser-based systems. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully identify, on a timely basis, new high-growth markets in the future. Moreover, we cannot assure you that new markets will develop for our products or our customers’ products, or that our technology or pricing will enable such markets to develop. Future demand for our products is uncertain and will depend to a great degree on continued technological development and the introduction of new or enhanced products. If this does not continue, sales of our products may decline and our business will be harmed. 28 We have in the past experienced decreases in the ASPs of some of our products. As competing products become more widely available, the ASPs of our products may decrease. If we are unable to offset any decrease in our ASPs by increasing our sales volumes, our net sales will decline. In addition, to maintain our gross margins, we must continue to reduce the cost of manufacturing our products while maintaining their high quality. From time to time, our products, like many complex technological products, may fail in greater frequency than anticipated. This can lead to further charges, which can result in higher costs, lower gross margins and lower operating results. Furthermore, as ASPs of our current products decline, we must develop and introduce new products and product enhancements with higher margins. If we cannot maintain our gross margins, our operating results could be seriously harmed, particularly if the ASPs of our products decrease significantly. Our future success depends on our ability to develop and successfully introduce new and enhanced products that meet the needs of our customers. Our current products address a broad range of commercial and scientific research applications in the photonics markets. We cannot assure you that the market for these applications will continue to generate significant or consistent demand for our products. Demand for our products could be significantly diminished by disrupting technologies or products that replace them or render them obsolete. Furthermore, the new and enhanced products in certain markets generally continue to be smaller in size and have lower ASPs, and therefore, we have to sell more units to maintain revenue levels. Accordingly, we must continue to invest in research and development in order to develop competitive products. Our future success depends on our ability to anticipate our customers’ needs and develop products that address those needs. Introduction of new products and product enhancements will require that we effectively transfer production processes from research and development to manufacturing and coordinate our efforts with those of our suppliers to achieve volume production rapidly. If we fail to transfer production processes effectively, develop product enhancements or introduce new products in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of our customers as scheduled, our net sales may be reduced and our business may be harmed. We face risks associated with our foreign operations and sales that could harm our financial condition and results of operations. For fiscal 2013, fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011, 77%, 76% and 74%, respectively, of our net sales were derived from customers outside of the United States. We anticipate that foreign sales, particularly in Asia, will continue to account for a significant portion of our net sales in the foreseeable future. A global economic slowdown or a natural disaster could have a negative effect on various foreign markets in which we operate, such as the earthquake, tsunami and resulting nuclear disaster during fiscal 2011 in Japan and last year’s flooding in Thailand. Such a slowdown may cause us to reduce our presence in certain countries, which may negatively affect the overall level of business in such countries. Our foreign sales are primarily through our direct sales force. Additionally, some foreign sales are made through foreign distributors and resellers. Our foreign operations and sales are subject to a number of risks, including: (cid:129) longer accounts receivable collection periods; (cid:129) the impact of recessions and other economic conditions in economies outside the United States; (cid:129) unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; (cid:129) certification requirements; (cid:129) environmental regulations; 29 (cid:129) reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; (cid:129) potentially adverse tax consequences; (cid:129) political and economic instability; (cid:129) import/export regulations, tariffs and trade barriers; (cid:129) compliance with applicable United States and foreign anti-corruption laws; (cid:129) cultural and management differences; (cid:129) preference for locally produced products; and (cid:129) shipping and other logistics complications. Our business could also be impacted by international conflicts, terrorist and military activity, civil unrest and pandemic illness which could cause a slowdown in customer orders or cause customer order cancellations. We are also subject to the risks of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates, which could materially adversely affect the sales price of our products in foreign markets, as well as the costs and expenses of our foreign subsidiaries. While we use forward exchange contracts and other risk management techniques to hedge our foreign currency exposure, we remain exposed to the economic risks of foreign currency fluctuations. We may not be able to protect our proprietary technology which could adversely affect our competitive advantage. Maintenance of intellectual property rights and the protection thereof is important to our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We cannot assure you that our patent applications will be approved, that any patents that may be issued will protect our intellectual property or that any issued patents will not be challenged by third parties. Other parties may independently develop similar or competing technology or design around any patents that may be issued to us. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. Further, we may be required to enforce our intellectual property or other proprietary rights through litigation, which, regardless of success, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention. Additionally, there may be existing patents of which we are unaware that could be pertinent to our business and it is not possible for us to know whether there are patent applications pending that our products might infringe upon since these applications are often not publicly available until a patent is issued or published. We may, in the future, be subject to claims or litigation from third parties, for claims of infringement of their proprietary rights or to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of competitors or other rights holders. These claims could result in costly litigation and the diversion of our technical and management personnel. Adverse resolution of litigation may harm our operating results or financial condition. In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States involving patents and other intellectual property rights. This has been seen in our industry, for example in the recently concluded patent-related litigation between IMRA America, Inc. (‘‘Imra’’) and IPG Photonics Corporation and in Imra’s recently brought litigation against two of our German subsidiaries. From time to time, like many other technology companies, we have received communications from other parties asserting the existence of patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights or other intellectual 30 property rights which such third parties believe may cover certain of our products, processes, technologies or information. In the future, we may be a party to litigation to protect our intellectual property or as a result of an alleged infringement of others’ intellectual property whether through direct claims or by way of indemnification claims of our customers, as, in some cases, we contractually agree to indemnify our customers against third-party infringement claims relating to our products. These claims and any resulting lawsuit, if successful, could subject us to significant liability for damages or invalidation of our proprietary rights. These lawsuits, regardless of their success, would likely be time-consuming and expensive to resolve and would divert management time and attention. Any potential intellectual property litigation could also force us to do one or more of the following: (cid:129) stop manufacturing, selling or using our products that use the infringed intellectual property; (cid:129) obtain from the owner of the infringed intellectual property right a license to sell or use the relevant technology, although such license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or (cid:129) redesign the products that use the technology. If we are forced to take any of these actions or are otherwise a party to lawsuits of this nature, we may incur significant losses for which we do not have insurance and our business may be seriously harmed. We do not have insurance to cover potential claims of this type. If our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings. Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, we review our intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered in determining whether a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill or other intangible assets may not be recoverable include declines in our stock price and market capitalization or future cash flows projections. We recorded a charge during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 related to the impairment of intangibles in our SLS operating segment relating to the decision to discontinue the legacy Hypertronics products. A decline in our stock price, or any other adverse change in market conditions, particularly if such change has the effect of changing one of the critical assumptions or estimates we used to calculate the estimated fair value of our reporting units, could result in a change to the estimation of fair value that could result in an impairment charge. Any such material charges, whether related to goodwill or purchased intangible assets, may have a material negative impact on our financial and operating results. We depend on skilled personnel to operate our business effectively in a rapidly changing market, and if we are unable to retain existing or hire additional personnel when needed, our ability to develop and sell our products could be harmed. Our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel will be a critical factor in determining whether we will be successful in the future. Recruiting and retaining highly skilled personnel in certain functions continues to be difficult. At certain locations where we operate, the cost of living is extremely high and it may be difficult to retain key employees and management at a reasonable cost. We may not be successful in attracting, assimilating or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. Our failure to attract additional employees and retain our existing employees could adversely affect our growth and our business. Our future success depends upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key engineering, sales, marketing, manufacturing and support personnel, any of whom may leave, which could harm our business and our results of operations. 31 The long sales cycles for our products may cause us to incur significant expenses without offsetting net sales. Customers often view the purchase of our products as a significant and strategic decision. As a result, customers typically expend significant effort in evaluating, testing and qualifying our products before making a decision to purchase them, resulting in a lengthy initial sales cycle. While our customers are evaluating our products and before they place an order with us, we may incur substantial sales and marketing and research and development expenses to customize our products to the customers’ needs. We may also expend significant management efforts, increase manufacturing capacity and order long lead-time components or materials prior to receiving an order. Even after this evaluation process, a potential customer may not purchase our products. As a result, these long sales cycles may cause us to incur significant expenses without ever receiving net sales to offset such expenses. The markets in which we sell our products are intensely competitive and increased competition could cause reduced sales levels, reduced gross margins or the loss of market share. Competition in the various photonics markets in which we provide products is very intense. We compete against a number of large public and private companies, including CVI Melles Griot, GSI Group, Inc., IPG Photonics Corporation, JDS Uniphase Corporation, Newport Corporation, Rofin- Sinar Technologies, Inc., and Trumpf GmbH, as well as other smaller companies. Some of our competitors are large companies that have significant financial, technical, marketing and other resources. These competitors may be able to devote greater resources than we can to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products. Some of our competitors are much better positioned than we are to acquire other companies in order to gain new technologies or products that may displace our product lines. Any of these acquisitions could give our competitors a strategic advantage. Any business combinations or mergers among our competitors, forming larger companies with greater resources, could result in increased competition, price reductions, reduced margins or loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additional competitors may enter the markets in which we serve, both foreign and domestic, and we are likely to compete with new companies in the future. We may encounter potential customers that, due to existing relationships with our competitors, are committed to the products offered by these competitors. Further, our current or potential customers may determine to develop and produce products for their own use which are competitive to our products. As a result of the foregoing factors, we expect that competitive pressures may result in price reductions, reduced margins, loss of sales and loss of market share. In addition, in markets where there are a limited number of customers, competition is particularly intense. If we fail to accurately forecast component and material requirements for our products, we could incur additional costs and incur significant delays in shipments, which could result in a loss of customers. We use rolling forecasts based on anticipated product orders and material requirements planning systems to determine our product requirements. It is very important that we accurately predict both the demand for our products and the lead times required to obtain the necessary components and materials. We depend on our suppliers for most of our product components and materials. Lead times for components and materials that we order vary significantly and depend on factors including the specific supplier requirements, the size of the order, contract terms and current market demand for components. For substantial increases in our sales levels of certain products, some of our suppliers may need at least nine months lead-time. If we overestimate our component and material requirements, we may have excess inventory, which would increase our costs. If we underestimate our component and material requirements, we may have inadequate inventory, which could interrupt and delay delivery of our products to our customers. Any of these occurrences would negatively impact our net sales, business or operating results. 32 Our increased reliance on contract manufacturing and other outsourcing may adversely impact our financial results and operations due to our decreased control over the performance and timing of certain aspects of our manufacturing. Our manufacturing strategy includes partnering with contract manufacturers to outsource non-core subassemblies and less complex turnkey products, including some performed at international sites located in Asia and Eastern Europe. Additionally, we have outsourced the manufacture of certain of our optics components to certain third parties. Our ability to resume internal manufacturing operations for certain products and components in a timely manner may be eliminated. The cost, quality, performance and availability of contract manufacturing operations are and will be essential to the successful production and sale of many of our products. Our financial condition or results of operation could be adversely impacted if any contract manufacturer or other supplier is unable for any reason, including as a result of the impact of worldwide economic conditions, to meet our cost, quality, performance, and availability standards. We may not be able to provide contract manufacturers with product volumes that are high enough to achieve sufficient cost savings. If shipments fall below forecasted levels, we may incur increased costs or be required to take ownership of the inventory. Also, our ability to control the quality of products produced by contract manufacturers may be limited and quality issues may not be resolved in a timely manner, which could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations. If we fail to effectively manage our growth or, alternatively, our spending during downturns, our business could be disrupted, which could harm our operating results. Growth in sales, combined with the challenges of managing geographically dispersed operations, can place a significant strain on our management systems and resources, and our anticipated growth in future operations could continue to place such a strain. The failure to effectively manage our growth could disrupt our business and harm our operating results. Our ability to successfully offer our products and implement our business plan in evolving markets requires an effective planning and management process. In economic downturns, we must effectively manage our spending and operations to ensure our competitive position during the downturn, as well as our future opportunities when the economy improves, remain intact. The failure to effectively manage our spending and operations could disrupt our business and harm our operating results. Historically, acquisitions have been an important element of our strategy. However, we may not find suitable acquisition candidates in the future and we may not be able to successfully integrate and manage acquired businesses. Any acquisitions we make could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition. We have in the past made strategic acquisitions of other corporations and entities, as well as asset purchases, and we continue to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of complementary companies, products and technologies. In the event of any future acquisitions, we could: (cid:129) issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership; (cid:129) pay cash that would decrease our working capital; (cid:129) incur debt; (cid:129) assume liabilities; or (cid:129) incur expenses related to impairment of goodwill and amortization. Acquisitions also involve numerous risks, including: (cid:129) problems combining the acquired operations, systems, technologies or products; (cid:129) an inability to realize expected operating efficiencies or product integration benefits; 33 (cid:129) difficulties in coordinating and integrating geographically separated personnel, organizations, systems and facilities; (cid:129) difficulties integrating business cultures; (cid:129) unanticipated costs or liabilities, including the costs associated with improving the internal controls of the acquired company; (cid:129) diversion of management’s attention from our core businesses; (cid:129) adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers; (cid:129) potential loss of key employees, particularly those of the purchased organizations; (cid:129) incurring unforeseen obligations or liabilities in connection with acquisitions; and (cid:129) the failure to complete acquisitions even after signing definitive agreements which, among other things, would result in the expensing of potentially significant professional fees and other charges in the period in which the acquisition or negotiations are terminated. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully identify appropriate acquisition candidates, to integrate any businesses, products, technologies or personnel that we might acquire in the future or achieve the anticipated benefits of such transactions, which may harm our business. We are exposed to lawsuits in the normal course of business which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition. We are exposed to lawsuits in the normal course of our business, including product liability claims, if personal injury, death or commercial losses occur from the use of our products. While we typically maintain business insurance, including directors’ and officers’ policies, litigation can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal business operations, including the potential impact of indemnification obligations for individuals named in any such lawsuits. We may not, however, be able to secure insurance coverage on terms acceptable to us in the future. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. An unfavorable resolution of a particular lawsuit, including a recall or redesign of products if ultimately determined to be defective, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition. We use standard laboratory and manufacturing materials that could be considered hazardous and we could be liable for any damage or liability resulting from accidental environmental contamination or injury. Although most of our products do not incorporate hazardous or toxic materials and chemicals, some of the gases used in our excimer lasers and some of the liquid dyes used in some of our scientific laser products are highly toxic. In addition, our operations involve the use of standard laboratory and manufacturing materials that could be considered hazardous. Also, if a facility fire were to occur at our Sunnyvale, California site and were to spread to a reactor used to grow semiconductor wafers, it could release highly toxic emissions. We believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply with all federal, state and offshore regulations and standards. However, the risk of accidental environmental contamination or injury from such materials cannot be entirely eliminated. In the event of such an accident involving such materials, we could be liable for damages and such liability could exceed the amount of our liability insurance coverage and the resources of our business which could have an adverse effect on our financial results or our business as a whole. Compliance or the failure to comply with current and future environmental regulations could cause us significant expense. We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local and foreign environmental regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous chemicals used during our manufacturing process or requiring design changes or recycling of products we manufacture. If we fail to comply with any 34 present and future regulations, we could be subject to future liabilities, the suspension of production or a prohibition on the sale of products we manufacture. In addition, such regulations could restrict our ability to expand our facilities or could require us to acquire costly equipment, or to incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations, including expenses associated with the recall of any non-compliant product and the management of historical waste. From time to time new regulations are enacted, and it is difficult to anticipate how such regulations will be implemented and enforced. We continue to evaluate the necessary steps for compliance with regulations as they are enacted. These regulations include, for example, the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances (‘‘REACH’’), the Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (‘‘RoHS’’) and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (‘‘WEEE’’) enacted in the European Union which regulate the use of certain hazardous substances in, and require the collection, reuse and recycling of waste from, certain products we manufacture. This and similar legislation that has been or is in the process of being enacted in Japan, China, Korea and various states of the United States may require us to re-design our products to ensure compliance with the applicable standards, for example by requiring the use of different types of materials. These redesigns or alternative materials may detrimentally impact the performance of our products, add greater testing lead-times for product introductions or have other similar effects. We believe we comply with all such legislation where our products are sold and we will continue to monitor these laws and the regulations being adopted under them to determine our responsibilities. In addition, we are monitoring legislation relating to the reduction of carbon emissions from industrial operations to determine whether we may be required to incur any additional material costs or expenses associated with our operations. We are not currently aware of any such material costs or expenses. The SEC has promulgated rules requiring disclosure regarding the use of certain ‘‘conflict minerals’’ mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries and procedures regarding a manufacturer’s efforts to prevent the sourcing of such minerals. The implementation of such rules has required us to incur additional expense and internal resources and may continue to do so in the future, particularly in the event that only a limited pool of suppliers are available to certify that products are free from ‘‘conflict minerals.’’ Our failure to comply with any of the foregoing regulatory requirements or contractual obligations could result in our being directly or indirectly liable for costs, fines or penalties and third-party claims, and could jeopardize our ability to conduct business in the United States and foreign countries. Our and our customers’ operations would be seriously harmed if our logistics or facilities or those of our suppliers, our customers’ suppliers or our contract manufacturers were to experience catastrophic loss. Our and our customers’ operations, logistics and facilities and those of our suppliers and contract manufacturers could be subject to a catastrophic loss from fire, flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption, work stoppages, power outages, acts of war, pandemic illnesses, energy shortages, theft of assets, other natural disasters or terrorist activity. A substantial portion of our research and development activities, manufacturing, our corporate headquarters and other critical business operations are located near major earthquake faults in Santa Clara, California, an area with a history of seismic events. Any such loss or detrimental impact to any of our operations, logistics or facilities could disrupt our operations, delay production, shipments and net sales and result in large expenses to repair or replace the facility. While we have obtained insurance to cover most potential losses, after reviewing the costs and limitations associated with earthquake insurance, we have decided not to procure such insurance. We believe that this decision is consistent with decisions reached by numerous other companies located nearby. We cannot assure you that our existing insurance coverage will be adequate against all other possible losses. 35 Difficulties with our enterprise resource planning (‘‘ERP’’) system and other parts of our global information technology system could harm our business and results of operation. If our network security measures are breached and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s data or our data or our information technology systems, we may incur significant legal and financial exposure and liabilities. Like many modern multinational corporations, we maintain a global information technology system, including software products licensed from third parties. Any system, network or Internet failures, misuse by system users, the hacking into or disruption caused by the unauthorized access by third parties or loss of license rights could disrupt our ability to timely and accurately manufacture and ship products or to report our financial information in compliance with the timelines mandated by the SEC. Any such failure, misuse, hacking, disruptions or loss would likely cause a diversion of management’s attention from the underlying business and could harm our operations. In addition, a significant failure of our global information technology system could adversely affect our ability to complete an evaluation of our internal controls and attestation activities pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. As part of our day-to-day business, we store our data and certain data about our customers in our global information technology system. While our system is designed with access security, if a third party gains unauthorized access to our data, including any regarding our customers, such a security breach could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, loss of business, litigation and possible liability. These security measures may be breached as a result of third-party action, including intentional misconduct by computer hackers, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise. Additionally, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information in order to gain access to our customers’ data or our data, including our intellectual property and other confidential business information, or our information technology systems. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any security breach could result in a loss of confidence by our customers, damage our reputation, disrupt our business, lead to legal liability and negatively impact our future sales. Changes in tax rates, tax liabilities or tax accounting rules could affect future results. As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the United States and various other countries and jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required to determine worldwide tax liabilities. Our future tax rates could be affected by changes in the composition of earnings in countries or states with differing tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in the tax laws. In addition, we are subject to regular examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service (‘‘IRS’’) and other tax authorities. From time to time the United States, foreign and state governments make substantive changes to tax rules and the application of rules to companies, including various announcements from the United States government potentially impacting our ability to defer taxes on international earnings. We regularly assess the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that any final determination will not be materially different than the treatment reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure may create uncertainty regarding compliance matters. Federal securities laws, rules and regulations, as well as the rules and regulations of self-regulatory organizations such as NASDAQ and the NYSE, require companies to maintain extensive corporate 36 governance measures, impose comprehensive reporting and disclosure requirements, set strict independence and financial expertise standards for audit and other committee members and impose civil and criminal penalties for companies and their chief executive officers, chief financial officers and directors for securities law violations. These laws, rules and regulations have increased and will continue to increase the scope, complexity and cost of our corporate governance, reporting and disclosure practices, which could harm our results of operations and divert management’s attention from business operations. Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure may create uncertainty regarding compliance matters. New or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases. As a result, their application in practice may evolve over time. We are committed to maintaining high standards of ethics, corporate governance and public disclosure. Complying with evolving interpretations of new or changed legal requirements may cause us to incur higher costs as we revise current practices, policies and procedures, and may divert management time and attention from revenue generating to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, our reputation may also be harmed. Governmental regulations, including duties, affecting the import or export of products could negatively affect our net sales. The United States and many foreign governments impose tariffs and duties on the import and export of products, including some of those which we sell. In particular, given our worldwide operations, we pay duties on certain products when they are imported into the United States for repair work as well as on certain of our products which are manufactured by our foreign subsidiaries. These products can be subject to a duty on the product value. Additionally, the United States and various foreign governments have imposed tariffs, controls, export license requirements and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies, especially encryption technology. From time to time, government agencies have proposed additional regulation of encryption technology, such as requiring the escrow and governmental recovery of private encryption keys. Governmental regulation of encryption technology and regulation of imports or exports, or our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our products, could harm our international and domestic sales and adversely affect our net sales. From time to time our duty calculations and payments are audited by government agencies. In addition, compliance with the directives of the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (‘‘DDTC’’) may result in substantial expenses and diversion of management. Any failure to adequately address the directives of DDTC could result in civil fines or suspension or loss of our export privileges, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Our market is unpredictable and characterized by rapid technological changes and evolving standards demanding a significant investment in research and development, and, if we fail to address changing market conditions, our business and operating results will be harmed. The photonics industry is characterized by extensive research and development, rapid technological change, frequent new product introductions, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. Because this industry is subject to rapid change, it is difficult to predict its potential size or future growth rate. Our success in generating net sales in this industry will depend on, among other things: (cid:129) maintaining and enhancing our relationships with our customers; (cid:129) the education of potential end-user customers about the benefits of lasers and laser systems; and (cid:129) our ability to accurately predict and develop our products to meet industry standards. 37 For our fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, our research and development costs were $82.8 million (10.2% of net sales), $78.3 million (10.2% of net sales) and $81.2 million (10.1% of net sales), respectively. We cannot assure you that our expenditures for research and development will result in the introduction of new products or, if such products are introduced, that those products will achieve sufficient market acceptance or to generate sales to offset the costs of development. Our failure to address rapid technological changes in our markets could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Failure to maintain effective internal controls may cause a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements or to cause us to delay filing our periodic reports with the SEC and adversely affect our stock price. The SEC, as directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management on internal control over financial reporting in their annual reports on Form 10-K that contain an assessment by management of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Although we test our internal control over financial reporting in order to ensure compliance with the Section 404 requirements, our failure to maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting could result in an adverse reaction in the financial marketplace due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements or a delay in our ability to timely file our periodic reports with the SEC, which ultimately could negatively impact our stock price. Provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law, and our Change-of-Control Severance Plan may have anti-takeover effects that could prevent or delay a change in control. Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition or make removal of incumbent directors or officers more difficult. These provisions may discourage takeover attempts and bids for our common stock at a premium over the market price. These provisions include: (cid:129) the ability of our Board of Directors to alter our bylaws without stockholder approval; (cid:129) limiting the ability of stockholders to call special meetings; and (cid:129) establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by stockholders at stockholder meetings. We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date such person became an interested stockholder, unless prior approval of our board of directors is obtained or as otherwise provided. These provisions of Delaware law also may discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring or merging with us without obtaining the prior approval of our board of directors, which may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, we have adopted a change of control severance plan, which provides for the payment of a cash severance benefit to each eligible employee based on the employee’s position. If a change of control occurs, our successor or acquirer will be required to assume and agree to perform all of our obligations under the change of control severance plan which may discourage potential acquirers or result in a lower stock price. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS Not Applicable. 38 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our corporate headquarters is located in Santa Clara, California. At fiscal 2013 year-end, our primary locations were as follows (all square footage is approximate) (unless otherwise indicated, each property is utilized jointly by our two segments): Description Use Term Santa Clara, CA . . . . . . . . 8.5 acres of land, 200,000 square foot building Corporate headquarters, manufacturing, R&D Owned Santa Clara, CA . . . . . . . . 90,120 square foot building Office, manufacturing Leased through July 2020 Sunnyvale, CA(1) . . . . . . . . 24,159 square foot building Office, manufacturing, R&D Bloomfield, CT(1) . . . . . . . 63,421 square foot building Office, manufacturing, R&D Bloomfield, CT(1) . . . . . . . 4,500 square foot building Manufacturing, warehouse Leased through December 2018 Leased through December 2017 Leased through July 2014, 12 month extension options East Hanover, NJ(2) . . . . . . 30,000 square foot building Office, manufacturing, R&D Leased through October 2014 Wilsonville, OR(1) . . . . . . . 41,250 square foot building Office, manufacturing, R&D Leased through December 2018 Salem, NH(1) . . . . . . . . . . 44,153 square foot building Office, manufacturing, R&D Leased through October 2019 Dieburg, Germany . . . . . . . 32,123 square foot building Office Leased through December 2020 G¨ottingen, Germany(2) . . . . 7.6 acres of land, several buildings totaling 136,380 square feet Office, manufacturing, R&D Owned L¨ubeck, Germany(2) . . . . . . 41,328 square foot building Office, manufacturing, R&D L¨ubeck, Germany(2) . . . . . . 22,583 square foot building Office, manufacturing, R&D L¨ubeck, Germany(2) . . . . . . 8,159 square foot building Manufacturing L¨ubeck, Germany(2) . . . . . . 7,578 square foot building Manufacturing, warehouse Kaiserslautern, Germany(2) . 33,745 square foot building Office, manufacturing, R&D Hannover, Germany(2) . . . . 11,759 square foot building Manufacturing, R&D Tokyo, Japan . . . . . . . . . . . 17,602 square foot building Office Leased through December 2014 Leased through December 2014 with option to purchase building Leased through December 2018 Leased through December 2015 Leased through September 2015 Leased through December 2014 Leased through April 2015 Glasgow, Scotland(2) . . . . . 2 acres of land, 31,600 square Office, manufacturing, R&D foot building Owned YongIn-Si, South Korea(2) . . 33,074 square foot building Office, manufacturing Leased through November 2017 Kallang Sector, Singapore . . 31,894 square foot building Office, manufacturing Leased through March 2016 Penang, Malaysia . . . . . . . . 12,519 square foot building Office, manufacturing Leased through August 2014, with renewal option (1) This facility is utilized primarily by our CLC operating segment. (2) This facility is utilized primarily by our SLS operating segment. 39 We maintain other sales and service offices under varying leases expiring from 2014 through 2020 in the United States, Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. We consider our facilities to be both suitable and adequate to provide for current and near term requirements and that the productive capacity in our facilities is substantially being utilized or we have plans to utilize it. We plan to renew leases on buildings as they expire. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are subject to legal claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability, employment or intellectual property claims, including, but not limited to, the matters described below. On May 14, 2013, Imra America (‘‘Imra’’) filed a complaint for patent infringement against two of the Company’s subsidiaries in the Regional Court of D¨usseldorf, Germany, captioned In re IMRA America Inc. versus Coherent Kaiserslautern GmbH et. al. 4b O 38/13. The complaint alleges that the use of certain of the Company’s lasers infringes upon EP Patent No. 754,103, entitled ‘‘Method For Controlling Configuration of Laser Induced Breakdown and Ablation,’’ issued November 5, 1997. The patent is owned by the University of Michigan and licensed to Imra. The complaint seeks unspecified compensatory damages, the cost of court proceedings and seeks to permanently enjoin the Company from infringing the patent in the future. With respect to this matter, management has determined that a potential loss is not probable and accordingly, no amount has been accrued. Management has determined a potential loss is reasonably possible as it is defined by ASC 450; however, based on its current knowledge, management does not believe that the amount of such possible loss or a range of potential loss is reasonably estimable. Although we do not expect that such legal claims and litigation will ultimately have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, an adverse result in one or more matters could negatively affect our results in the period in which they occur. Income Tax Audits We are subject to taxation and file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in many state and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all years prior to 2010 are closed. In our major foreign jurisdictions and our major state jurisdictions, the years prior to 2006 and 2009, respectively, are closed to examination. Earlier years in our various jurisdictions may remain open for adjustment to the extent that we have tax attribute carryforwards from those years. In December 2011 and January 2012, three of our German subsidiaries received notices of tax audits for the fiscal years 2006 through 2010. We received a preliminary assessment for two of the German subsidiaries and the amount is immaterial; the audit for the other German subsidiary is currently in process. In addition, our German subsidiary of Coherent Kaiserslautern GmbH (formerly Lumera Laser GmbH) that was acquired in December 2012 is currently under audit for the fiscal years 2007 through 2009. As the years under the audit for Coherent Kaiserslautern GmbH are related to the pre-acquisition periods, the tax assessment should be recoverable from the escrow account for the acquisition. Management believes that it has adequately provided for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. We regularly engage in discussions and negotiations with tax authorities regarding tax matters in various jurisdictions. It is reasonably possible that certain federal, foreign and state tax matters may be concluded in the next 12 months. Although the timing of the resolution and/or closure of audits is highly uncertain, it is reasonably possible that the balance of net unrecognized tax benefits including interest and penalties could be reduced by approximately $0.3 million to $2.4 million in the next 12 months. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 40 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol ‘‘COHR.’’ The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices for each quarterly period during the past two fiscal years as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Fiscal 2013 2012 High Low High Low First quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $49.74 $59.99 $58.80 $62.68 $42.08 $50.63 $50.65 $55.19 $54.50 $59.70 $59.28 $50.46 $40.50 $52.29 $39.76 $42.59 The number of stockholders of record as of November 22, 2013 was 875. On December 10, 2012, we announced that the Board of Directors approved a $1.00 per share special cash dividend on our outstanding common stock payable on December 27, 2012 to stockholders of record on December 19, 2012, resulting in a payment of $24.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. While we paid a cash dividend in fiscal 2013 and may elect to pay dividends in the future, we have no present intention to declare cash dividends. Our line of credit agreement requires bank pre-approval for the payment of cash dividends. There were no sales of unregistered securities in fiscal 2013. There were no stock repurchases during the three months ended September 28, 2013. Our most recent repurchase authorization expired in October 2013. 41 COMPANY STOCK PRICE PERFORMANCE The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total stockholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvestment basis and based on a $100 investment, from September 27, 2008 through September 28, 2013 comparing the return on our common stock with the Russell 2000 Index, the Standard and Poors Technology Index and the Nasdaq Composite Index. No dividends have been declared or paid on our common stock during such period. The stock price performance shown on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. COMPARISON OF FIVE-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN AMONG COHERENT, INC., THE RUSSELL 2000 INDEX, THE S&P TECHNOLOGY INDEX AND THE NASDAQ COMPOSITE INDEX. Comparison of Cumulative Five Year Total Return $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 9/27/08 10/03/09 10/02/10 10/01/11 9/29/12 9/28/13 Coherent, Inc. Russell 2000 Index S&P Technology Index Nasdaq Composite Index 14DEC201300585120 Company Name / Index Base Period 9/27/2008 INDEXED RETURNS Years Ending 10/3/2009 10/2/2010 10/1/2011 9/29/2012 9/28/2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coherent, Inc. Russell 2000 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S&P Technology Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NASDAQ Composite Index . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 65.65 83.75 100.49 103.76 114.89 99.33 114.74 116.52 122.78 95.38 119.28 120.44 131.07 125.81 157.94 157.60 178.88 163.68 169.80 195.67 The information contained above under the caption ‘‘Company Stock Price Performance’’ shall not be deemed to be ‘‘soliciting material’’ or to be ‘‘filed’’ with the SEC, nor will such information be incorporated by reference into any future SEC filing except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing. 42 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with Item 7. ‘‘Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations’’ and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this annual report. We derived the selected consolidated financial data as of fiscal 2013 and 2012 year-end and for fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 from our audited consolidated financial statements, and accompanying notes, contained in this annual report. The consolidated statements of operations data for fiscal 2010 and 2009 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 year-end are derived from our consolidated financial statements which are not included in this report. Consolidated financial data Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income(loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss) per share(6): Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shares used in computation(6): Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-term obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal 2013(1) Fiscal 2012(2) Fiscal 2011(3) Fiscal 2010(4) Fiscal 2009(5) $810,126 $322,271 $ 66,355 (in thousands, except per share data) $605,067 $802,834 $769,088 $260,811 $350,822 $315,985 $ 36,916 $ 93,238 $ 62,962 $435,882 $161,110 $ (35,319) $ $ 2.75 2.70 $ $ 2.67 2.62 $ $ 3.74 3.66 $ $ 1.49 1.47 $ $ (1.45) (1.45) 24,138 24,555 $966,478 $ $ 62,132 $758,518 23,561 24,026 $880,772 2 $ 55,326 $671,656 24,924 25,464 $843,266 $ 19 $ 62,841 $618,001 24,718 25,091 $803,104 $ 33 $ 79,688 $591,463 24,281 24,281 $753,604 $ 6 $ 91,685 $575,571 — $ (1) Includes a tax benefit of $1.4 million from the renewal of the R&D tax credit for fiscal 2012. (2) Includes a charge of $4.3 million after tax related to the write-off of previously acquired intangible assets and inventories, a $2.8 million tax benefit due to decreases in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets and a $1.6 million tax benefit related to the release of tax reserves and related interest as a result of the closure of open tax years. (3) Includes a gain of $6.1 million after tax related to the dissolution of our Finland operations, a $9.7 million tax benefit from the release of tax reserves and related interest as a result of an IRS settlement and the closure of open tax years and a $1.5 million tax charge due to an increase in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. (4) Includes restructuring expenses of $5.8 million after tax primarily related to the closure of our Finland site and the consolidation of our Montreal, Canada site under the management of our Wilsonville, Oregon site and a net benefit after tax of $1.4 million related to a receipt from the settlement of litigation resulting from our internal stock option investigation. (5) Includes $19.3 million in after-tax expense related to the impairment of goodwill, restructuring expenses of $11.5 million after tax primarily related to the consolidation of our Munich site into our Gottingen and Lubeck, Germany sites and our Finland site, the exit of our Auburn, California facility, the exit of our St. Louis, Missouri facility and headcount reductions due to the evolving global economic conditions, $0.8 million in after-tax costs related to our stock option investigation and litigation and a tax charge of $3.8 million composed of the impact of a change in state tax law and a valuation allowance in one of our European subsidiaries. (6) See Note 2, ‘‘Significant Accounting Policies’’ in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 15 of this annual report for an explanation of the determination of the number of shares used in computing net income (loss) per share. 43 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Item 8, ‘‘Financial Statements and Supplementary Data’’ in this annual report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to those discussed in Item 1A,’’Risk Factors’’ and elsewhere in this annual report. Please see the discussion of forward-looking statements at the beginning of this annual report under ‘‘Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.’’ KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Below is a summary of some of the quantitative performance indicators (as defined below) that are evaluated by management to assess our financial performance. Some of the indicators are non-GAAP measures and should not be considered as an alternative to any other measure for determining operating performance that is calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 Bookings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Book-to-bill ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net Sales—Specialty Lasers and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net Sales—Commercial Lasers and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross Profit as a Percentage of Net Sales—Specialty Lasers and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross Profit as a Percentage of Net Sales—Commercial Lasers and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Research and Development Expenses as a Percentage of Net Sales Income Before Income Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days Sales Outstanding in Receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annualized Fourth Quarter Inventory Turns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital Spending as a Percentage of Net Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net Income as a Percentage of Net Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjusted EBITDA as a Percentage of Net Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $767,329 0.95 $571,644 $238,482 (Dollars in thousands) $773,199 1.01 $548,848 $220,240 $895,017 1.11 $519,736 $283,098 41.7% 43.2% 45.4% 36.2% 10.2% $ 83,496 $115,522 60.8 3.0 2.7% 8.2% 17.8% 36.7% 10.2% $ 90,622 $ 64,771 67.6 2.8 4.7% 8.2% 18.4% 41.1% 10.1% $123,829 $ 86,676 63.2 3.1 4.6% 11.6% 19.5% Definitions and analysis of these performance indicators are as follows: Bookings and Book-to-Bill Ratio Bookings represent orders received during the current period for products and services to be provided pursuant to service contracts. While we generally have not experienced a significant rate of cancellation, bookings are generally cancelable by our customers without substantial penalty and, therefore, we cannot assure all bookings will be converted to net sales. The book-to-bill ratio is calculated as annual bookings divided by annual net sales. This is an indication of the strength of our business but can sometimes be impacted by a single large order. A ratio greater than 1.0 indicates that demand for our products is greater than what we supply in the year whereas a ratio of less than 1.0 indicates that demand for our products is less than what we supply in the year. 44 Fiscal 2013 bookings decreased slightly from bookings in fiscal 2012 and our book-to-bill ratio decreased from 1.01 in fiscal 2012 to 0.95 in fiscal 2013. Bookings decreased 0.8% from fiscal 2012, with decreases in the microelectronics (10%) and scientific (4%) markets partially offset by increases in the materials processing (18%) and OEM components and instrumentation (13%) markets. Compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2013, decreases in bookings in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 in the materials processing market were partially offset by increases in the OEM components and instrumentation, microelectronics and scientific markets. Fiscal 2012 bookings decreased from record bookings in fiscal 2011. Although we maintained a positive book-to-bill of 1.01, the book-to-bill ratio declined to 0.90 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. Bookings decreased 13.6% from fiscal 2011, with decreases in all markets. Bookings decreases by market compared to fiscal 2011 were microelectronics (16%), OEM components and instrumentation (14%), scientific (13%) and materials processing (2%). Although fiscal 2012 bookings decreased in all markets, decreases in bookings in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 in the microelectronics market due to timing of large orders were partially offset by increases in the OEM components and instrumentation, scientific and materials processing markets. Microelectronics Although fiscal 2013 bookings decreased 10% from bookings in fiscal 2012 and the book-to-bill ratio for the year was 0.85, bookings in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 increased 10% from the third quarter of fiscal 2013 primarily due to timing of large excimer laser annealing orders for the flat panel display market and strength in the semiconductor capital equipment market. Flat panel display orders for fiscal 2013 decreased 24% from orders in fiscal 2012, but fourth quarter fiscal 2013 orders continued to be strong primarily due to timing of large excimer laser annealing orders. The flat panel display market remains very dynamic with high utilization rates for low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (‘‘LTPS’’) backplanes. The trend for new product launches in the smartphone market for full HD screens that place more process restrictions on the manufacturing equipment benefits service revenues. Another important development is the release of the first smartphones to incorporate flexible displays. Although flexible displays will eventually cannibalize glass displays, their robustness and shapes should drive an increase in demand across various applications. In the television market, there are some interesting developments including the potential of the adoption of LTPS-equipped organic light-emitting diode (‘‘OLED’’) screens, but these devices are expensive. Due to their clarity and more manageable price, Ultra HD televisions (‘‘4k’’) are gaining traction, leading to a resurgence in two laser-based manufacturing steps for light guide panels. We expect to see incremental business during 2014 from these processes. Activity around glass cutting is also very high with most of the development work focused on edge strength of the processed glass, which is key to broad adoption. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, we received the first tranche of the next round of orders for excimer laser annealing equipment for Gen 5.5 systems; the total order was for more than $15 million and we expect to complete delivery within fiscal 2014. We are actively engaged on a second tranche that we expect to receive in fiscal 2014. In addition, our integrator partners have a robust forecast for customers across Asia. Advanced packaging (‘‘API’’) orders increased significantly for the full fiscal year signaling an overall recovery in the segment, but decreased from orders in the third quarter of fiscal 2013 due to the seasonal capital expenditure slowdown despite high utilization among board manufacturers. The fourth quarter decrease was primarily the result of a reduced response to new smartphones as well as the sale of Hitachi Via Mechanics, a leading supplier of printed circuit board manufacturing equipment, as customers may wait to see what changes, if any, occur as result of the sale before increasing order quantities. Products and technologies from Innolight and Lumera will play important roles in our product offerings for advanced packaging applications. 45 Orders from semiconductor capital equipment OEMs decreased 11% for the full fiscal 2013, but were strong in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 due to new inspection and metrology tool introductions from leading customers. We are working with customers on next generation devices that will support nodes at 20nm and below. Industry analysts are forecasting rising utilization rates, which boosts capacity expansion and service revenues, due to increasing demand for advanced components for smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes and automotive electronics. Growth in these devices offset the continued deterioration of the personal computer market. Demand should also be bolstered by shifts within the internet download manager (‘‘IDM’’) universe. The combination of these factors has led industry reports to project strong growth in equipment spending in fiscal 2014. OEM Components and Instrumentation Bookings in fiscal 2013 increased 13% from fiscal 2012 and the book-to-bill ratio for the year was 1.04. Additionally, orders in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 increased significantly from those in the third quarter of fiscal 2013 led by strength in the medical OEM and instrumentation markets. Medical OEM orders increased significantly in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 with a number of the orders from existing customers in the aesthetic and ophthalmic markets. We found that consumer confidence has been generally good during fiscal 2013, notwithstanding the recent U.S. budget delays and government shutdown. Our business in medical consumables, primarily single-use fibers for benign prostatic hyperplasia (‘‘BPH’’) and kidney stone treatment, is doing well and we received an initial order for a new dental device that is effective for both hard and soft tissue treatment. We have also broadened our market opportunities through our recent acquisition as Lumera gives us immediate entry into the fast evolving cataract market, where we have been working on design wins and received orders for cataract treatment. We are also working on a next generation laser for flap cutting in LASIK, which has the potential to displace much more complex and costly competitive offerings. Demand for instrumentation lasers was very strong during both the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 and the full fiscal year, which is significant given the effects of sequestration on the research side of the instrumentation market. Two factors influenced these results. We continue to capture design wins for the OBIS(cid:4) platform, especially in flow cytometry, and we also enjoyed success in the subsystems market for bioinstrumentation. A subsystem or laser engine combines lasers with beam delivery technology to provide a plug-and-play solution. The ease of integration and performance flexibility has increased customer interest in subsystems. Part of the strength comes from new products including OBIS(cid:4) and Galaxy(cid:4) that have broadened our market participation while our legacy products such as Sapphire(cid:4) remain a cornerstone in the cytometry market. Materials Processing Annual bookings increased 18% from fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2013’s book-to-bill ratio was 1.05. However, bookings in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 decreased significantly from the third quarter of fiscal 2013 following a record-setting performance in the prior quarter and reduced bookings in China due to timing of orders for marking and non-metal cutting applications. In general, demand for CO2 lasers for marking, packaging and engraving has been strong. Our recent introduction of the Diamond(cid:4) E-250, a new embodiment of CO2 technology, has created new opportunities. We have made steady progress in additive manufacturing with the Highlight(cid:4) direct diode system and we are optimistic about the longer term potential of additive manufacturing; we will be releasing a series of new solutions to address this market. Although fiber laser orders are still at an early stage for us, they contributed to our fiscal 2013 bookings increase. In the third quarter of fiscal 2013, we also shipped a three kilowatt prototype to a leading system integrator for metal cutting. The system delivers the required cutting speed and quality in a package considerably smaller than fiber 46 lasers of comparable output power, thereby saving space on the production floor. In an OEM configuration, we believe our laser may fit inside the customer’s tool. Scientific and Government Programs Although fiscal 2013 orders decreased 4% from bookings in fiscal 2012, the book-to-bill ratio for the year was 1.05. Orders in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 increased significantly from the third quarter of fiscal 2013 as the U.S. market shrugged off some of the sequestration effects and displayed typical seasonal strength in our fourth quarter. Ultrafast imaging using our Chameleon(cid:4) platform was the largest application for the quarter and fiscal year. Orders for large systems used in chemistry and physics have reverted to pre-stimulus levels with many researchers once again bundling funding to purchase these high-performance systems. However, short- and long-term funding remains uncertain given the budget discussions in Congress. Orders from Europe were in-line with our expectations and exhibited similar application trends to the U.S. There are a few developments to watch in the European market which could contribute to increased booking activity in fiscal 2014 and beyond. The Extreme Lightsource Project is a pan-European effort to develop high-intensity lasers similar to the National Ignition Facility at the Livermore National Lab. In addition, Horizon 2020 is a 7-year, A70 billion program to drive innovation and global competitiveness. Embedded within the Horizon program are two flagship projects to study the human brain and grapheme, a potential successor to silicon in microelectronics, which should impact the photonics industry. In Asia excluding Japan, we continue to see strong demand which contributed to record scientific orders in that region for fiscal 2013. The Pacific Rim market was more balanced between the physical sciences and biological imaging. Bookings in Japan were slower than expected due to delays in the release of stimulus funding. Once the stimulus reaches end users, we expect to see funding skewed towards biological imaging since stem cell research is one of the key targets in the package. Net Sales Net sales include sales of lasers, laser tools, related accessories and service contracts. Net sales for fiscal 2013 increased 5.3% from fiscal 2012. Net sales for fiscal 2012 decreased 4.2% from fiscal 2011. For a description of the reasons for changes in net sales refer to the ‘‘Results of Operations’’ section below. Gross Profit as a Percentage of Net Sales Gross profit as a percentage of net sales (‘‘gross profit percentage’’) is calculated as gross profit for the period divided by net sales for the period. Gross profit percentage for SLS decreased to 41.7% in fiscal 2013 from 43.2% in fiscal 2012 and from 45.4% in fiscal 2011. Gross profit percentage for CLC decreased to 36.2% in fiscal 2013 from 36.7% in fiscal 2012 and from 41.1% in fiscal 2011. For a description of the reasons for changes in gross profit refer to the ‘‘Results of Operations’’ section below. Research and Development as a Percentage of Net Sales Research and development as a percentage of net sales (‘‘R&D percentage’’) is calculated as research and development expense for the period divided by net sales for the period. Management considers R&D percentage to be an important indicator in managing our business as investing in new technologies is a key to future growth. R&D percentage was flat at 10.2% from fiscal 2012 and increased from 10.1% in fiscal 2011. For a description of the reasons for changes in R&D spending refer to the ‘‘Results of Operations’’ section below. 47 Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities shown on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows primarily represents the excess of cash collected from billings to our customers and other receipts over cash paid to our vendors for expenses and inventory purchases to run our business. We believe that cash flows from operations are an important performance indicator because cash generation over the long term is essential to maintaining a healthy business and providing funds to help fuel growth. For a description of the reasons for changes in Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities refer to the ‘‘Liquidity and Capital Resources’’ section below. Days Sales Outstanding in Receivables We calculate days sales outstanding (‘‘DSO’’) in receivables as net receivables at the end of the period divided by net sales during the period and then multiplied by the number of days in the period, using 360 days for years. DSO in receivables indicates how well we are managing our collection of receivables, with lower DSO in receivables resulting in higher working capital availability. The more money we have tied up in receivables, the less money we have available for research and development, acquisitions, expansion, marketing and other activities to grow our business. Our DSO in receivables for fiscal 2013 decreased 6.8 days from fiscal 2012 to 60.8 days. The decrease in DSO in receivables is primarily due to a lower concentration of sales in the last month of the fiscal year, particularly in Asia and Japan, a lower concentration of sales with longer payment terms in Japan and improved collections in Korea, Japan and Europe. Annualized Fourth Quarter Inventory Turns We calculate annualized fourth quarter inventory turns as cost of sales during the fourth quarter annualized and divided by net inventories at the end of the fourth quarter. This indicates how well we are managing our inventory levels, with higher inventory turns resulting in more working capital availability and a higher return on our investments in inventory. The more money we have tied up in inventory, the less money we have available for research and development, acquisitions, expansion, marketing and other activities to grow our business. Our annualized inventory turns for fiscal 2013 increased to 3.0 turns from 2.8 turns in fiscal 2012. The improvement in inventory turns is primarily due to the impact of increased sales volumes in relation to inventory levels in certain businesses. Capital Spending as a Percentage of Net Sales Capital spending as a percentage of net sales (‘‘capital spending percentage’’) is calculated as capital expenditures for the period divided by net sales for the period. Capital spending percentage indicates the extent to which we are expanding or improving our operations, including investments in technology and equipment. Management monitors capital spending levels as this assists management in measuring our cash flows, net of capital expenditures. Our capital spending percentage decreased to 2.7% in fiscal 2013 from 4.7% in fiscal 2012 and 4.6% in fiscal 2011. The fiscal 2013 decrease was primarily due to investments made in fiscal 2012 for manufacturing and refurbishment capacity in Germany and Korea. The fiscal 2012 increase was primarily due to building improvements and purchases of production-related assets to support our expansion in Asia (South Korea and Singapore) and Germany. We expect capital spending for fiscal 2014 to be approximately 4.0% to 4.5% of net sales. Adjusted EBITDA as a Percentage of Net Sales We define adjusted EBITDA as operating income adjusted for depreciation, amortization, stock compensation expenses, major restructuring costs and certain other non-operating income and expense 48 items. Key initiatives to reach our goals for EBITDA improvements include utilization of our Asian manufacturing locations, rationalizing our supply chain and continued leveraging of our infrastructure. We utilize a number of different financial measures, both GAAP and non-GAAP, such as adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales, in analyzing and assessing our overall business performance, for making operating decisions and for forecasting and planning future periods. We consider the use of non-GAAP financial measures helpful in assessing our current financial performance and ongoing operations. While we use non-GAAP financial measures as a tool to enhance our understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance, we do not consider these measures to be a substitute for, or superior to, the information provided by GAAP financial measures. We provide adjusted EBITDA in order to enhance investors’ understanding of our ongoing operations. This measure is used by some investors when assessing our performance. Below is the reconciliation of our net income as a percentage of net sales to our adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales: Net income as a percentage of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest and other income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase accounting step up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restructuring and other one-time charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal 2012 2011 2013 8.2% 8.2% 11.6% 2.1% 3.6% 3.8% 0.5% 0.1% (1.2)% 4.5% 3.9% 3.6% 0.2% —% —% —% 0.5% 0.1% 2.3% 2.1% 1.6% Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8% 18.4% 19.5% SIGNIFICANT EVENTS Restructuring Activities During fiscal 2008, we initiated restructuring plans to decrease costs by consolidating facilities and reducing our workforce. As of September 29, 2012, we had made payments in connection with the restructuring plans in the amount of $27.7 million; we made no payments during fiscal 2013. We completed payments for substantially all anticipated costs related to the restructuring plans in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. In the second quarter of fiscal 2011, we ceased manufacturing operations in our Finland facility and recognized a $6.1 million gain, primarily in other income (expense), due to a non-recurring translation adjustment related to the dissolution of our Finland operations. Acquisitions On December 20, 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Lumera for approximately $51.5 million, excluding transaction costs. Lumera manufactures ultrafast solid state lasers for microelectronics, OEM medical and materials processing applications. These assets and liabilities have been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. On October 30, 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Innolight for approximately $18.3 million, excluding transaction costs. Innolight provides a core technology building block for an emerging class of commercial, sub-nanosecond lasers for microelectronics manufacturing and its semiconductor-based architecture delivers pulsed output that can be amplified by conventional or fiber amplifiers to ultimately deliver infrared, green or ultraviolet light capable of processing a range of materials. These assets and liabilities have been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. 49 On July 23, 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of MiDAZ Lasers Limited ‘‘Midaz’’ for $3.8 million in cash, excluding transaction fees. Midaz was a technology based-acquisition and we intend to utilize the acquired technology in low cost, compact pulsed solid state lasers. These assets and liabilities have been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. On January 5, 2011, we acquired all the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Hypertronics Pte Ltd for $14.5 million, excluding transaction fees. Hypertronics designs and manufactures laser- and vision-based tools for flat panel display, storage, semiconductor and solar applications at facilities in Singapore and Malaysia. These assets and liabilities have been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012, we decided to no longer pursue orders of Hypertronics legacy products and we performed an impairment analysis of Hypertronics’ intangible assets and determined that such assets were impaired. As a result, we recorded a $4.0 million non-cash intangibles amortization charge and a $0.3 million inventory write-off in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. Stock Repurchases and Stock Dividend In March 2011, we repurchased and retired 454,682 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $59.00 per share for a total of $26.8 million, excluding expenses. During the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2011, we repurchased and retired 1,024,409 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $47.03 per share for a total of $48.2 million, excluding expenses. On August 25, 2011, we announced that the Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock. During fiscal 2011, we repurchased and retired 586,200 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $42.67 per share for a total of $25.0 million excluding expenses. During fiscal 2012, we repurchased and retired 543,200 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $45.99 per share for a total of $25.0 million, excluding expenses. On October 4, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized a buyback program whereby we are authorized to repurchase up to $25.0 million of our common stock. The program was authorized for 12 months from the date of authorization. No shares were purchased under this program. On December 10, 2012, we announced that the Board of Directors approved a $1.00 per share special cash dividend on our outstanding common stock payable on December 27, 2012 to stockholders of record on December 19, 2012, resulting in a payment of $24.0 million. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS—FISCAL 2013, 2012 AND 2011 Fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 consist of 52 weeks. 50 Consolidated Summary The following table sets forth, for the years indicated, the percentage of total net sales represented by the line items reflected in our consolidated statement of operations: Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 (As a percentage of net sales) 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 60.2% 58.9% 56.3% Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.8% 41.1% 43.7% Operating expenses: Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2% 10.2% 10.1% 18.5% 18.0% 18.6% 0.6% 1.3% 1.0% Total operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.3% 29.5% 29.7% Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (net) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5% 11.6% 14.0% (0.2)% 0.2% 1.4% Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3% 11.8% 15.4% 2.1% 3.6% 3.8% Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2% 8.2% 11.6% Refer to Item 6 ‘‘Selected Financial Data’’ for a description of significant events that impacted the results of operations for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011. Net Sales Market Application The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the amount of net sales and their relative percentages of total net sales by market application (dollars in thousands): Fiscal 2013 Fiscal 2012 Fiscal 2011 Percentage of total net sales Amount Percentage of total net sales Amount Percentage of total net sales Amount Consolidated: Microelectronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OEM components and instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials processing . . . . . . . . . . . Scientific and government programs $416,550 51.4% $373,696 48.6% $377,331 47.0% 149,974 121,660 121,942 18.5% 143,729 15.0% 108,666 15.1% 142,997 18.7% 164,508 14.1% 104,497 18.6% 156,498 20.5% 13.0% 19.5% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $810,126 100.0% $769,088 100.0% $802,834 100.0% During fiscal 2013, net sales increased by $41.0 million, or 5%, compared to fiscal 2012, net of a decrease of $16.1 million due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, with sales increases in the microelectronics, materials processing and OEM components and instrumentation markets partially offset by decreases in the scientific and government program market. Microelectronics sales increased $42.9 million, or 11%, primarily due to higher sales in flat panel display applications. Materials processing sales increased $13.0 million, or 12%, during fiscal 2013 primarily due to higher shipments 51 for marking, heat treating and cutting applications and the acquisition of Lumera at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013. The increase in the OEM components and instrumentation market of $6.2 million, or 4%, during fiscal 2013 was primarily due to higher shipments for bio-instrumentation and medical (including the acquisition of Lumera at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013) applications partially offset by lower shipments for military and graphic arts and display applications. Military shipments were lower due to timing of military project spending and the impact from sequestration budget cuts and graphic arts and display shipments decreased due primarily to lower demand for light show lasers from entertainment customers. The decrease in scientific and government program market sales of $21.1 million, or 15%, during fiscal 2013 was primarily due to lower demand for advanced research applications used by university and government research groups partly due to lower U.S. and global stimulus funding and from budget cuts from government agencies. During fiscal 2012, net sales decreased by $33.7 million, or 4%, compared to fiscal 2011, including a decrease of $2.4 million due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, with sales decreases in the OEM components and instrumentation, scientific and government program and microelectronics markets partially offset by increases in the materials processing market. Microelectronics sales decreased $3.6 million, or 1%, primarily due to lower shipments for advanced packaging and solar applications partially offset by higher sales in flat panel display applications. The decrease in the OEM components and instrumentation market of $20.8 million, or 13%, during fiscal 2012 was primarily due to lower shipments for bio-instrumentation, military and machine vision applications partially offset by higher shipments for medical applications. Materials processing sales increased $4.2 million, or 4%, during fiscal 2012 primarily due to higher shipments for marking and heat treating applications as well as higher shipments of laser system tools. The decrease in scientific and government program market sales of $13.5 million, or 9%, during fiscal 2012 was due to lower demand for advanced research applications used by university and government research groups partly due to lower U.S. stimulus funding. In fiscal 2013, one customer accounted for 14% of net sales; in fiscal 2012 two customers accounted for 11% each of net sales; and in fiscal 2011, no customers accounted for greater than 10% of net sales. Segments We are organized into two reportable operating segments: Specialty Lasers and Systems (‘‘SLS’’) and Commercial Lasers and Components (‘‘CLC’’). SLS develops and manufactures configurable, advanced-performance products largely serving the microelectronics, scientific research and government programs and OEM components and instrumentation markets. CLC focuses on higher volume products that are offered in set configurations. CLC’s primary markets include materials processing, OEM components and instrumentation and microelectronics. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the amount of net sales and their relative percentages of total net sales by segment (dollars in thousands): Consolidated: Specialty Lasers and Systems (SLS) Commercial Lasers and Fiscal 2013 Fiscal 2012 Fiscal 2011 Percentage of total net sales Amount Percentage of total net sales Amount Percentage of total net sales Amount $571,644 70.6% $548,848 71.4% $519,736 64.7% Components (CLC) . . . . . . . . . . 238,482 29.4% 220,240 28.6% 283,098 35.3% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $810,126 100.0% $769,088 100.0% $802,834 100.0% 52 Net sales for fiscal 2013 increased $41.0 million, or 5%, compared to fiscal 2012, with increases of $22.8 million, or 4%, in our SLS segment and increases of $18.2 million, or 8%, in our CLC segment. Net sales for fiscal 2012 decreased $33.7 million, or 4%, compared to fiscal 2011, with decreases of $62.9 million, or 22%, in our CLC segment and increases of $29.1 million, or 6%, in our SLS segment. The increase in our SLS segment sales in fiscal 2013 was primarily due to a $23.3 million increase from the sale of products acquired through our acquisitions of Lumera and Innolight at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013. The increase was offset by a $0.5 million decrease in sales of our other SLS products primarily due to lower shipments for scientific and government programs, solar, advanced packaging, medical and semiconductor applications partially offset by higher revenue for flat panel display annealing applications. The increase in our SLS segment sales from fiscal 2011 to fiscal 2012 was primarily due to higher revenue for flat panel display annealing applications partially offset by lower shipments for scientific and government programs, instrumentation and solar applications. The increase in our CLC segment sales from fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2013 was primarily due to higher advanced packaging, instrumentation and materials processing application sales partially offset by lower sales for scientific and military applications. The decrease in our CLC segment sales from fiscal 2011 to fiscal 2012 was primarily due to lower advanced packaging and certain flat panel display application sales as well as lower instrumentation application sales. Gross Profit Consolidated Our gross profit rate decreased by 1.3% to 39.8% in fiscal 2013 from 41.1% in fiscal 2012 primarily due to unfavorable product margins (0.8%) resulting from the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates, the impact of lower volumes in several business units in the first two quarters of fiscal 2013 and higher than expected manufacturing costs due to longer cycle times related to the production of our complex flat panel annealing systems, partially offset by favorable product mix in the microelectronics market due to a higher concentration of service business; higher intangibles amortization (0.6%) due to the acquisitions of Lumera at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and Innolight in the first quarter of fiscal 2013; and higher other costs (0.3%) primarily due to inventory step up amortization from the acquisition of Lumera and slightly higher inventory provisions. These decreases were net of lower warranty costs (0.4%) due to lower warranty expenses as a percentage of net sales in the microelectronics market. Our gross profit rate decreased by 2.6% to 41.1% in fiscal 2012 from 43.7% in fiscal 2011 primarily due to unfavorable product margins (1.6%) due to lower volumes in several business units serving particularly the advanced packaging and components markets and higher manufacturing expense and start-up costs to expand manufacturing capacity in Germany and Excimer tube production in Korea. These decreases were net of the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates and favorable product mix in the microelectronics market as well as higher installation and warranty costs (0.9%) including installations and higher service events in flat panel display markets. Our gross profit rate has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors including market mix, pricing on volume orders, our ability to manufacture advanced and more complex products, manufacturing efficiencies, excess and obsolete inventory write-downs, warranty costs, pricing by competitors or suppliers, new product introductions, production volume, customization and reconfiguration of systems, commodity prices and foreign currency fluctuations, particularly the recent weakening of the Japanese Yen and strengthening of the Euro. 53 Specialty Lasers and Systems Our SLS gross profit rate decreased by 1.5% to 41.7% in fiscal 2013 from 43.2% in fiscal 2012 primarily due to unfavorable product costs (0.9%) due to the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates, lower volumes in several business units and higher than expected manufacturing costs due to longer cycle times related to the production of our complex flat panel annealing systems net of favorable mix in the microelectronics market; higher intangibles amortization (0.8%) due to the acquisitions of Lumera at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and Innolight in the first quarter of fiscal 2013; and higher other costs (0.1%) primarily due to inventory step up amortization from the acquisition of Lumera. These decreases were partially offset by lower warranty costs (0.3%) due to fewer warranty events and higher sales volumes. Our SLS gross profit rate decreased by 2.2% to 43.2% in fiscal 2012 from 45.4% in fiscal 2011 primarily due to unfavorable product costs (1.4%) due to increased investments in Excimer manufacturing capabilities to support the growing flat panel display revenue net of the favorable impact of exchange rates and favorable product mix within the microelectronics market and higher installation and warranty costs (1.0%) due to higher service events and costs to support installations of a growing number of laser annealing systems in the flat panel display market partially offset by lower other costs (0.3%). Commercial Lasers and Components Our CLC gross profit rate decreased by 0.5% to 36.2% in fiscal 2013 from 36.7% in fiscal 2012 primarily due to unfavorable product costs (0.6%) resulting from unfavorable mix in the OEM components and instrumentation market net of the impact of higher volumes, higher other costs (0.5%) due to higher inventory provisions as a percentage of revenue and higher intangibles amortization (0.1%) partially offset by lower warranty and installation costs (0.7%) due to fewer warranty events. Our CLC gross profit rate decreased by 4.4% to 36.7% in fiscal 2012 from 41.1% in fiscal 2011 primarily due to unfavorable product costs (2.9%) resulting from the impact of lower volumes in a few business units serving primarily the advanced packaging and components markets and unfavorable product mix within the instrumentation and semiconductor markets, higher other costs (1.0%) due to higher inventory provisions and the impact of lower sales volumes and higher warranty and installation costs (0.5%) due to a higher installed base and the impact of lower sales volumes. Operating Expenses The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the amount of operating expenses and their relative percentages of total net sales by the line items reflected in our consolidated statement of operations (dollars in thousands): 2013 Percentage of total net sales Amount Fiscal 2012 Percentage of total net sales Amount Amount (Dollars in thousands) 2011 Percentage of total net sales Research and development . . . . . . . Selling, general and administrative . Amortization of intangible assets . . $ 82,785 149,513 5,074 10.2% $ 78,260 18.5% 138,519 10,376 0.6% 10.2% $ 81,232 18.0% 149,499 8,082 1.3% Total operating expenses . . . . . . . . $237,372 29.3% $227,155 29.5% $238,813 10.1% 18.6% 1.0% 29.7% 54 Research and development Fiscal 2013 research and development (‘‘R&D’’) expenses increased $4.5 million, or 6%, from fiscal 2012, but remained flat as a percentage of sales. The increase was primarily due to the acquisitions of Lumera and Innolight in the first quarter of fiscal 2013 ($3.9 million), higher payroll and other spending on projects ($0.5 million) and higher stock-related compensation expense ($0.3 million) partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates ($0.2 million). On a segment basis, SLS spending increased $2.7 million primarily due to the acquisitions of Lumera and Innolight partially offset by lower project spending and the impact of foreign exchange rates. CLC spending increased $1.5 million primarily due to higher payroll and other spending on projects. Corporate and other spending increased $0.3 million. Fiscal 2012 research and development (‘‘R&D’’) expenses decreased $3.0 million, or 4%, from fiscal 2011. The decrease was due primarily to lower payroll spending ($4.9 million) due to lower performance-related compensation net of increased headcount partially offset by higher project and other spending ($1.9 million). As a percentage of sales, the slight increase was primarily due to decreased sales volumes. On a segment basis, CLC spending decreased $2.2 million primarily due to lower payroll spending partially offset by higher project spending. SLS spending increased $0.1 million primarily due to higher project and other spending partially offset by lower payroll spending and the impact of foreign exchange rates. Corporate and other spending decreased $0.8 million. Selling, general and administrative Fiscal 2013 selling, general and administrative (‘‘SG&A’’) expenses increased $11.0 million, or 8%, from fiscal 2012. The increase was primarily due to the acquisitions of Lumera and Innolight in the first quarter of fiscal 2013 ($4.0 million), $3.3 million higher payroll spending due to higher headcount and increased salaries, higher performance-related compensation spending and higher sales commissions, $2.7 million higher other variable spending on consulting and legal costs, sales representative commissions, tradeshows and other as well as $1.9 million higher stock-related compensation expense partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates ($0.9 million). On a segment basis, SLS segment expenses increased $5.6 million primarily due to the acquisitions of Lumera and Innolight, higher payroll spending and higher other variable spending partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates. CLC spending increased $2.0 million primarily due to higher other variable spending and higher payroll spending. Spending for Corporate and other increased $3.4 million primarily due to higher stock-related compensation expense, higher other variable spending and higher payroll spending. Fiscal 2012 selling, general and administrative (‘‘SG&A’’) expenses decreased $11.0 million, or 7%, from fiscal 2011. The decrease was primarily due to $12.1 million lower payroll spending due to lower performance-related compensation spending net of higher headcount and increased salaries and $1.8 million lower other variable spending partially offset by $2.9 million higher stock-related compensation expense. On a segment basis, CLC spending decreased $4.2 million primarily due to lower payroll spending and lower other variable spending. SLS segment expenses decreased $4.4 million primarily due to lower payroll spending and lower other variable spending. Spending for Corporate and other decreased $2.4 million primarily due to lower payroll spending and lower other variable spending partially offset by higher stock-related compensation expense. Amortization of intangible assets Amortization of intangible assets decreased $5.3 million, or 51%, from fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2013 primarily due to the fourth quarter fiscal 2012 impairment of $4.0 million of Hypertronics intangibles and the completion of amortization of certain intangibles (including Hypertronics) related to prior 55 acquisitions partially offset by amortization from the acquisitions of Lumera and Innolight in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. Amortization of intangible assets increased $2.3 million, or 28%, from fiscal 2011 to fiscal 2012 primarily due to the fourth quarter fiscal 2012 impairment of $4.0 million of Hypertronics intangibles partially offset by completion of amortization of certain intangibles related to prior acquisitions. Other income (expense), net Other income (expense), net, decreased $3.2 million from fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2013. The decrease was primarily due to higher net foreign currency exchange losses ($3.3 million) primarily due to the significant movement in the Japanese Yen at certain times in the first and third quarters of fiscal 2013. Other income (expense), net, decreased $10.0 million from fiscal 2011 to fiscal 2012. The decrease was primarily due to the $6.5 million non-recurring translation adjustment related to the dissolution of our Finland operations in the second quarter of fiscal 2011, lower net foreign currency exchange gains ($1.9 million) and lower gains on our deferred compensation plan assets net of expenses ($1.5 million) including death benefits of $0.2 million in fiscal 2012 and $1.5 million in fiscal 2011. Income taxes The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for fiscal 2013 of 20.5% was lower than the statutory rate of 35.0%. This was primarily due to permanent differences related to the benefit of income subject to foreign tax rates that are lower than U.S. tax rates including Korea and Singapore tax exemptions, the benefit of foreign tax credits, the benefit of the federal research and development tax credits including renewal of the federal research and development tax credits for fiscal 2012 and the benefit of releasing foreign tax reserves accrued under ASC 740-10 and related interest. These amounts are partially offset by deemed dividend inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules, stock compensation not deductible for tax purposes and limitations on the deductibility of compensation under IRC Section 162(m). During fiscal 2013, we increased our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets by $4.3 million to $13.4 million primarily due to the reduced ability to utilize California and other states research and development tax credits. During fiscal 2012, we increased our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets by $0.3 million to $9.1 million primarily due to the reduced ability to utilize California research and development tax credits and offset by the net increased ability to utilize foreign tax attributes and net operating losses of our subsidiaries. During fiscal 2011, we increased our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets by $1.5 million to $8.8 million, primarily due to the reduced ability to utilize foreign tax attributes and net operating losses and the reduced ability to utilize California research and development tax credits as a result of releasing net unrecognized tax benefits under ASC 740-10 that supported the credits. In making the determination to record the valuation allowance, management considered the likelihood of future taxable income and feasible and prudent tax planning strategies to realize deferred tax assets. In the future, if we determine that we expect to realize deferred tax assets, an adjustment to the valuation allowance will affect income in the period such determination is made. The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for fiscal 2012 of 30.5% was lower than the statutory rate of 35.0%. This was primarily due to the benefit of income subject to foreign tax rates that are lower than U.S. tax rates and the benefit of releasing state tax reserves accrued under ASC 740-10 Income Taxes (formerly FASB Financial Interpretation No. 48, ‘‘Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes’’) and related interest. The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for fiscal 2011 of 24.7% was lower than the statutory rate of 35.0%. This was primarily due to the benefit of releasing unrecognized tax benefits 56 under ASC 740-10 and related interest, the benefit of federal research and development credits, including additional credits reinstated from fiscal 2010 resulting from the enactment of the ‘‘Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization and Jobs Creation Acts of 2010,’’ the benefit of foreign tax credits, the benefit of currency translation adjustments related to closure of Coherent Finland’s operations, the benefit from income subject to foreign tax rates that are lower than U.S. tax rates and the benefit from the unrealized gain on life insurance policy investments related to our deferred compensation plans. These amounts are partially offset by state income tax, limitations on the utilization of certain foreign tax attributes and net operating losses, limitations on the deductibility of compensation under IRC Section 162(m), deemed dividend inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules and a currency translation adjustment related to a dividend from a foreign subsidiary. The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (‘‘the Act’’) was enacted on January 2, 2013. Under the Act, the federal research and development tax credit was retroactively extended for amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 2011 through December 31, 2013. The prior period effects of the change in the tax law were recognized in our second quarter of fiscal 2013, which is the quarter that the law was enacted. Accordingly, prior year research and development tax credits of approximately $1.4 million less appropriate reserves were recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2013. Coherent Korea received the final approval for a High-Tech tax exemption on March 26, 2013 from the Korean authorities. The High-Tech tax exemption is effective retroactively to the beginning of fiscal 2013 and is subject to capital contribution limitations. The impact of this tax exemption decreased Korean income taxes by approximately $2.1 million in fiscal 2013. The benefit of the tax holiday on net income per share (diluted) was $0.09. Coherent Singapore had previously received a Pioneer Status tax exemption from the Singapore authorities effective from fiscal 2012 through fiscal 2017, and may be extended if certain additional requirements are satisfied. The tax holiday is conditional upon our meeting certain revenue, business spending and employment thresholds. Although Coherent Singapore had income in fiscal 2013, this amount was offset by a loss carryforward from fiscal 2012 and therefore we did not realize a benefit for the Singapore tax holiday in fiscal 2013 and 2012. FINANCIAL CONDITION Liquidity and capital resources At September 28, 2013, we had assets classified as cash and cash equivalents, as well as time deposits and fixed income securities classified as short-term investments, in an aggregate amount of $250.1 million, compared to $224.9 million at September 29, 2012. At September 28, 2013, approximately $157.5 million of the cash and securities was held in certain of our foreign subsidiaries, $89.9 million of which was denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We currently have approximately $150.6 million of cash, including investments in U.S. Treasury securities, held by foreign subsidiaries where we intend to permanently reinvest our accumulated earnings in these entities and our current plans do not demonstrate a need for these funds to support our domestic operations. If, however, a portion of these funds were needed for and distributed to our operations in the United States, we would be subject to additional U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. The amount of the taxes due would depend on the amount and manner of repatriation, as well as the location from where the funds are repatriated. We actively monitor the third-party depository institutions that hold these assets, primarily focusing on the safety of principal and secondarily maximizing yield on these assets. We diversify our cash and cash equivalents and investments among various financial institutions, money market funds and sovereign debt in order to reduce our exposure should any one of these financial institutions or financial instruments fail or encounter difficulties. To date, we have not experienced any material loss or lack of access to our invested cash, cash equivalents or short-term 57 investments. However, we can provide no assurances that access to our invested cash, cash equivalents or short-term investments will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. Sources and Uses of Cash Historically, our primary source of cash has been provided by operations. Other sources of cash in the past three fiscal years include proceeds received from the sale of our stock through our employee stock option and purchase plans. Our historical uses of cash have primarily been for the repurchase of our common stock, capital expenditures, acquisitions of businesses and technologies and the payment of a cash dividend in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. Supplemental information pertaining to our historical sources and uses of cash is presented as follows and should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and notes thereto (in thousands): 2013 Fiscal 2012 Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . Sales of shares under employee stock plans . . . . . . Repurchase of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividend paid on common stock . . . . . . . . . . Capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired . . . $115,522 16,541 $ 64,771 13,288 — (24,999) — (36,051) (3,687) (24,040) (21,988) (67,289) 2011 $ 86,676 34,720 (100,637) — (37,117) (14,108) Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $50.8 million in fiscal 2013 compared to fiscal 2012 and decreased by $21.9 million in fiscal 2012 compared to fiscal 2011. The increase in cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2013 was primarily due to higher cash flows from timing of accounts payable payments, improved inventory turns, timing of other current assets and liabilities as well as improved accounts receivable days sales outstanding partially offset by timing of tax payments. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2012 was primarily due to lower net income, higher tax payments and lower cash flows from other current liabilities including variable compensation and accounts payable partially offset by higher cash flows from inventories and accounts receivable. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short term investments combined with cash to be provided by operating activities will be adequate to cover our working capital needs and planned capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months to the extent such items are known or are reasonably determinable based on current business and market conditions. However, we may elect to finance certain of our capital expenditure requirements through borrowings under our bank credit facilities or other sources of capital. We continue to follow our strategy to further strengthen our financial position by using available cash flow to fund operations. We intend to continue pursuing acquisition opportunities at valuations we believe are reasonable based upon market conditions. However, we cannot accurately predict the timing, size and success of our acquisition efforts or our associated potential capital commitments. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to acquire businesses on terms acceptable to us. We expect to fund future acquisitions primarily through existing cash balances and cash flows from operations. If required, we will look for additional borrowings or consider the issuance of securities. The extent to which we will be willing or able to use our common stock to make acquisitions will depend on its market value at the time and the willingness of potential sellers to accept it as full or partial payment. On December 10, 2012, we announced that the Board of Directors approved a $1.00 per share special cash dividend on our outstanding common stock payable on December 27, 2012 to stockholders of record on December 19, 2012, resulting in a payment of $24.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. While we paid a cash dividend in fiscal 2013 and may elect to pay dividends in the future, we have no present intention to declare cash dividends. 58 On January 26, 2011, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $75.0 million of our common stock. The program was authorized for 12 months from the date of authorization. In March 2011, we repurchased and retired 454,682 shares of outstanding common stock under a modified ‘‘Dutch Auction’’ tender offer at an average price of $59.00 per share for a total of $26.8 million, excluding expenses. During the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2011, we repurchased and retired an additional 1,024,409 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $47.03 per share for a total of $48.2 million, excluding expenses. On August 25, 2011, we announced that the Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock. The program was authorized for 12 months from the date of authorization. During fiscal 2011, we repurchased and retired 586,200 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $42.67 per share for a total of $25.0 million, excluding expenses. During fiscal 2012, we repurchased and retired 543,200 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $45.99 per share for a total of $25.0 million, excluding expenses, completing the repurchase. On October 4, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $25.0 million of our common stock. The program was authorized for 12 months from the date of authorization. No shares were purchased under this program. During fiscal year 2008, we initiated restructuring plans to decrease costs by consolidating facilities and reducing our workforce. As of September 28, 2013, we had made payments in connection with the restructuring plans in the amount of $27.7 million. We completed payments for substantially all anticipated costs related to the restructuring plans in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. Additional sources of cash available to us were domestic and international currency lines of credit and bank credit facilities totaling $64.7 million as of September 28, 2013, of which $62.5 million was unused and available. These unsecured credit facilities were used in Europe and Japan during fiscal 2013. Our domestic line of credit consists of a $50.0 million unsecured revolving credit account with Union Bank of California, which expires on May 31, 2014 and is subject to covenants related to financial ratios and tangible net worth. No amounts have been drawn upon our domestic line of credit and $2.3 million of the international currency lines has been used as guarantees as of September 28, 2013. Our ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 4.3:1 at September 28, 2013, compared to 4.0:1 at September 29, 2012. The increase in our ratio is primarily due increases in cash and short-term investments and inventories as well as decreases in income taxes payable. Our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, working capital and debt obligations are as follows (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Working capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total debt obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $110,444 139,666 483,398 2 $ 67,761 157,168 460,697 19 Fiscal 2013 2012 59 Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933. The following summarizes our contractual obligations at September 28, 2013 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands): Long-term debt payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asset retirement obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase commitments for inventory . . . . . . . . Purchase obligations-other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total $ 2 40,749 2,474 40,214 5,177 Less than 1 year $ 2 9,335 — 40,214 5,177 $ — 13,253 1,269 — — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $88,616 $54,728 $14,522 $ — 9,731 — — — $9,731 $ — 8,430 1,205 — — $9,635 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years More than 5 years Because of the uncertainty as to the timing of such payments, we have excluded cash payments related to our contractual obligations for our deferred compensation plans aggregating $26.1 million at September 28, 2013. As of September 28, 2013, we recorded gross unrecognized tax benefits of $23.2 million including gross interest and penalties of $1.8 million. As of September 29, 2012, we recorded gross unrecognized tax benefits of $27.6 million including gross interest and penalties of $1.6 million. Both gross unrecognized tax benefits and gross interest and penalties are classified as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. At this time, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes. As a result, these amounts are not included in the table above. Changes in financial condition Cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2013 was $115.5 million, which included net income of $66.4 million, depreciation and amortization of $36.1 million, stock-based compensation expense of $18.9 million and $0.3 million other partially offset by cash used by operating assets and liabilities of $5.1 million and increases in net deferred tax assets of $1.1 million. Cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2012 was $64.8 million, which included net income of $63.0 million, depreciation and amortization of $29.6 million, stock-based compensation expense of $16.3 million and the $4.1 million write-off of Hypertronics intangibles partially offset by cash used by operating assets and liabilities of $42.0 million, increases in net deferred tax assets of $4.8 million and $1.4 million other. Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2013 of $70.7 million included $20.5 million, net, used to acquire property and equipment and improve buildings and $67.3 million used to acquire Lumera and Innolight partially offset by $17.1 million net sales of available-for-sale securities. Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2012 of $142.9 million included $103.5 million net purchases of available-for-sale securities, $35.7 million, net, used to acquire property and equipment and improve buildings and $3.7 million used to acquire Midaz. Cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2013 was $11.7 million, including $24.0 million cash dividend on our common stock and $4.2 million other partially offset by $16.5 million generated from our employee stock purchase plans. Cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2012 was $15.0 million, including $25.0 million used to repurchase our common stock and $3.3 million other partially offset by $13.3 million generated from our employee stock purchase plans. Changes in exchange rates in fiscal 2013 resulted in a decrease in cash balances of $9.5 million. Changes in exchange rates in fiscal 2012 resulted in a decrease in cash balances of $6.1 million. 60 RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS See Note 2. ‘‘Significant Accounting Policies’’ in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the respective dates of adoption or expected adoption and effects on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We have identified the following as the items that require the most significant judgment and often involve complex estimation: revenue recognition, accounting for long-lived assets (including goodwill and intangible assets), inventory valuation, warranty reserves, stock-based compensation and accounting for income taxes. Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product has been delivered or the service has been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is probable. Revenue from product sales is recorded when all of the foregoing conditions are met and risk of loss and title passes to the customer. Our products typically include a warranty and the estimated cost of product warranty claims (based on historical experience) is recorded at the time the sale is recognized. Sales to customers are generally not subject to any price protection or return rights. The vast majority of our sales are made to original equipment manufacturers (‘‘OEMs’’), distributors, resellers and end-users in the non-scientific market. Sales made to these customers do not require installation of the products by us and are not subject to other post-delivery obligations, except in occasional instances where we have agreed to perform installation or provide training. In those instances, we defer revenue related to installation services or training until these services have been rendered. We allocate revenue from multiple element arrangements to the various elements based upon fair values or a selling price hierarchy, for arrangements entered into subsequent to October 2, 2010, as more fully described in Note 2, ‘‘Significant Accounting Policies—Revenue Recognition,’’ in our consolidated financial statements. Should changes in conditions cause management to determine these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenue recognized for any reporting period could be adversely affected. Failure to obtain anticipated orders due to delays or cancellations of orders could have a material adverse effect on our revenue. In addition, pressures from customers to reduce our prices or to modify our existing sales terms may have a material adverse effect on our revenue in future periods. Our sales to distributors, resellers and end-user customers typically do not have customer acceptance provisions and only certain of our sales to OEM customers and integrators have customer acceptance provisions. Customer acceptance is generally limited to performance under our published product specifications. For the few product sales that have customer acceptance provisions because of higher than published specifications, (1) the products are tested and accepted by the customer at our site or the customer accepts the results of our testing program prior to shipment to the customer, or (2) the revenue is deferred until customer acceptance occurs. 61 Sales to end-users in the scientific market typically require installation and, thus, involve post-delivery obligations; however our post-delivery installation obligations are not essential to the functionality of our products. We defer revenue related to installation services until completion of these services. For most products, training is not provided; therefore, no post-delivery training obligation exists. However, when training is provided to our customers, it is typically priced separately and recognized as revenue as these services are provided. For multiple element arrangements which include extended maintenance contracts, we allocate and defer the amount of consideration equal to the separately stated price and recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the contract period. Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill We evaluate long-lived assets and amortizable intangible assets whenever events or changes in business circumstances or our planned use of assets indicate that their carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable or that their useful lives are no longer appropriate. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying values of the assets are impaired based on comparison to the undiscounted expected future cash flows identifiable to such long-lived and amortizable intangible assets. If the comparison indicates that impairment exists, the impaired asset is written down to its fair value. We have determined that our reporting units are the same as our operating segments as each constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and for which segment management regularly reviews the operating results. We make this determination in a manner consistent with how the operating segments are managed. Based on this analysis, we have identified two reporting units which are our reportable segments: SLS and CLC. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests in certain circumstances, and written down when impaired (see Note 8 ‘‘Goodwill and Intangible Assets’’ in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). We generally perform our annual impairment tests during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year using the opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter, with any resulting impairment recorded in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year. In September 2011, the FASB amended its guidance to simplify testing goodwill for impairment, allowing an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. If an entity determines as a result of the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not (> 50% likelihood) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative test is required. Moreover, an entity can bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to step one of the impairment test, and then resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. Otherwise, no further testing is required. We adopted this accounting guidance for our impairment testing in fiscal 2012. Under the goodwill standards in effect for fiscal 2011, a company could carry forward the detailed determination of a reporting unit from one year to the next if certain criteria have been met. Those criteria include: the assets and liabilities that make up the reporting unit have not changed significantly since the most recent fair value determination, the most recent fair value determination resulted in an amount that exceeded the carrying amount of the reporting unit by a substantial margin, and based on an analysis of events that have occurred and circumstances that have changed since the most recent fair value determination, the likelihood that a current fair value determination would be less than the current carrying amount of the reporting unit is remote. Based on our analysis and a review of the criteria, using the opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011, we determined that we had met the requirements of the 62 goodwill standard for carrying forward our fair value determination from fiscal 2010, and did not perform detailed testing of the fair value of our reporting units for fiscal 2011. Between the completion of that testing and the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011, we noted no indications of impairment or triggering events to cause us to review goodwill for potential impairment; based on our evaluation, the fair values of each of the two operating segments significantly exceeded their carrying value as of that date. In our fiscal 2012 annual testing, we performed a qualitative assessment of the goodwill by reporting unit during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 using the opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth quarter and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its carrying amount. In assessing the qualitative factors, we considered the impact of these key factors: macroeconomic conditions, fluctuations in foreign currency, market and industry conditions, our operating and competitive environment, regulatory and political developments, the overall financial performance of our reporting units including cost factors and budgeted-to-actual revenue results. We also considered market capitalization and stock price performance. Based on our assessment, goodwill in the reporting units was not impaired as of the first day of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. As such, it was not necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test at that time. In fiscal 2013, we elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test. This election was made because we had last performed this impairment test in fiscal 2010 and we have subsequently added a substantial amount of goodwill balances as a result of our acquisitions of Midaz in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and the acquisitions of Innolight and Lumera in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. We performed our Step 1 test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 using the opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth quarter and noted no impairment. We determined the fair value of our reporting units for the Step 1 test using a 50-50% weighting of the Income (discounted cash flow) approach and Market (market comparable) approach. The Income approach utilizes the discounted cash flow model to provide an estimation of fair value based on the cash flows that a business expects to generate. These cash flows are based on forecasts developed internally by management which are then discounted at an after tax rate of return required by equity and debt market participants of a business enterprise. This rate of return or cost of capital is weighted based on the capitalization of comparable companies. The Market approach determines fair value by comparing the reporting units to comparable companies in similar lines of business that are publicly traded. Total Enterprise Value (TEV) multiples such as TEV to revenues and TEV to earnings (if applicable) before interest and taxes of the publicly traded companies are calculated. These multiples are then applied to the reporting unit’s operating results to obtain an estimate of fair value. Each of these two approaches captures aspects of value in each reporting unit. The Income approach captures our expected future performance, and the Market approach captures how investors view the reporting units through other competitors. We believe these valuation approaches are proven valuation techniques and methodologies for our industry and are widely accepted by investors. As neither was perceived by us to deliver any greater indication of value than the other, we weighted each of the approaches equally. Management completed and reviewed the results of the Step 1 analysis and concluded that a Step 2 analysis was not required as the estimated fair values of both of our reporting units were substantially in excess of their carrying values. Between the completion of that testing and the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, we noted no indications of impairment or triggering events to cause us to review goodwill for potential impairment. At September 28, 2013, we had $113.4 million of goodwill, $43.0 million of purchased intangible assets and $114.3 million of property and equipment on our consolidated balance sheet. Inventory Valuation We record our inventory at the lower of cost (computed on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. We write-down our inventory to its estimated market value based on assumptions about future demand and 63 market conditions. Inventory write-downs are generally recorded within guidelines set by management when the inventory for a device exceeds 12 months of its demand and when individual parts have been in inventory for greater than 12 months. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required which could materially affect our future results of operations. Due to rapidly changing forecasts and orders, additional write- downs for excess or obsolete inventory, while not currently expected, could be required in the future. In the event that alternative future uses of fully written down inventories are identified, we may experience better than normal profit margins when such inventory is sold. Differences between actual results and previous estimates of excess and obsolete inventory could materially affect our future results of operations. We write-down our demo inventory by amortizing the cost of demo inventory over a twenty month period starting from the fourth month after such inventory is placed in service. Warranty Reserves We provide warranties on the majority of our product sales and allowances for estimated warranty costs are recorded during the period of sale. The determination of such allowances requires us to make estimates of product return rates and expected costs to repair or replace the products under warranty. We currently establish warranty reserves based on historical warranty costs for each product line. The weighted average warranty period covered is approximately 15 months. If actual return rates and/or repair and replacement costs differ significantly from our estimates, adjustments to cost of sales may be required in future periods. Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation using fair value. We estimate the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes Merton model and estimate the fair value of market-based performance restricted stock units granted using a Monte Carlo simulation model. We use historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and record stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. We amortize the fair value of stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods. We value service-based restricted stock units using the intrinsic value method and amortize the value on a straight-line basis over the restriction period. We value market-based performance restricted stock units using a Monte Carlo simulation model and amortize the value over the performance period, with no adjustment in future periods, based upon the actual shareholder return over the performance period. U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (‘‘GAAP’’) requires the use of option pricing models that were not developed for use in valuing employee stock options. The Black-Scholes option- pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of short-lived exchange traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the options expected life, the expected price volatility of the underlying stock and an estimate of expected forfeitures. Our computation of expected volatility considers historical volatility and market-based implied volatility. Our estimate of expected forfeitures is based on historical employee data and could differ from actual forfeitures. See Note 14 ‘‘Employee Stock Option and Benefit Plans’’ in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our stock-based employee compensation plans and the assumptions we use to calculate the fair value of stock-based employee compensation. Income Taxes As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income tax provision (benefit) in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our current income tax provision (benefit) together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. 64 These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that more likely than not will be realized. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment to the allowance for the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made. Likewise, should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance for the deferred tax asset would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. Federal income taxes have not been provided for on a portion of the unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries because such earnings are intended to be permanently reinvested. The total amount of unremitted earnings and accumulated translation adjustments of foreign subsidiaries for which we have not yet recorded federal and state income taxes was approximately $335.4 million and $52.7 million, respectively, at fiscal 2013 year-end. The amount of federal and state income taxes that would be payable upon repatriation of such earnings are not practicably determinable. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Market risk disclosures We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. Interest rate sensitivity A portion of our investment portfolio is composed of fixed income securities. These securities are subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value if market interest rates increase. If interest rates were to increase immediately (whether due to changes in overall market rates or credit worthiness of the issuers of our individual securities) and uniformly by 10% from levels at fiscal 2013 year-end, the fair value of the portfolio, based on quoted market prices in active markets involving similar assets, would decline by an immaterial amount due to their short-term maturities. We have the ability to generally hold our fixed income investments until maturity and therefore we would not expect our operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by the effect of a sudden change in market interest rates on our securities portfolio. If necessary, we may sell short-term investments prior to maturity to meet our liquidity needs. At fiscal 2013 year-end, the fair value of our available-for-sale debt securities was $139.7 million, all of which was classified as short-term investments. Gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities were $601,000 and $(16,000), respectively, at fiscal 2013 year-end. At fiscal 2012 year-end, the fair value of our available-for-sale debt securities was $155.1 million, all of which was classified as short-term investments. Gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities were $952,000 and ($3,000), respectively, at fiscal 2012 year-end. Foreign currency exchange risk We maintain operations in various countries outside of the United States and have foreign subsidiaries that manufacture and sell our products in various global markets. The majority of our sales are transacted in U.S. dollars. However, we do generate revenues in other currencies, primarily the Japanese Yen, the Euro and the Korean Won. As a result, our earnings, cash flows and cash balances are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We attempt to limit these exposures through financial market instruments. We utilize derivative instruments, primarily forward contracts with maturities of three months or less, to manage our exposure associated with anticipated cash flows 65 and net asset and liability positions denominated in foreign currencies. Gains and losses on the forward contracts are mitigated by gains and losses on the underlying instruments. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. We do not anticipate any material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows resulting from the use of these instruments. There can be no assurance that these strategies will be effective or that transaction losses can be minimized or forecasted accurately. For example, the Japanese Yen has recently decreased significantly in value and the Euro has recently strengthened in value. While we model currency valuations and fluctuations, these may not ultimately be accurate. If a financial counterparty to any of our hedging arrangements experiences financial difficulties or is otherwise unable to honor the terms of the foreign currency hedge, we may experience material financial losses. In the current economic environment, the risk of failure of a financial party remains high. At September 28, 2013, approximately $157.5 million of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were held outside the U.S. in certain of our foreign operations, $89.9 million of which was denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. A hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency rates on our forward contracts would not have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial position. The following table provides information about our foreign exchange forward contracts at September 28, 2013. The table presents the weighted average contractual foreign currency exchange rates, the value of the contracts in U.S. dollars at the contract exchange rate as of the contract maturity date and fair value. The U.S. notional fair value represents the contracted amount valued at September 28, 2013 rates. Forward contracts to sell (buy) foreign currencies (in thousands, except contract rates): For US Dollars: Euro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Korean Won . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chinese Renminbi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . British Pound Sterling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Japanese Yen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Singapore Dollar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Malaysian Ringgit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For Euros: Japanese Yen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Contract Rate U.S. Notional Contract Value U.S. Notional Fair Value 1.3244 1,088.1900 6.1690 1.5689 100.2589 1.2679 3.2755 $(46,248) $ 17,345 $ 11,524 $ 1,870 $ (5,212) $ (1,465) 642 $ $(47,299) $ 17,545 $ 11,793 $ 1,919 $ (5,308) $ (1,480) 649 $ 98.4463 $ 11,860 $ 11,753 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA See Item 15-(a) for an index to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Financial Information, which are attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein. The financial statements and notes thereto can be found beginning on page 63 of this annual report. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Not applicable. 66 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures We have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report (‘‘Evaluation Date’’). The controls evaluation was done under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded as of the Evaluation Date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2013, utilizing the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (‘‘COSO’’) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992). Based on the assessment by management, we determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 28, 2013. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2013 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears below. Inherent Limitations Over Internal Controls Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (‘‘GAAP’’). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness for future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 67 Management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 28, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 68 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Coherent, Inc.: We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Coherent, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the ‘‘Company’’) as of September 28, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control— Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended September 28, 2013, of the Company and our report dated November 27, 2013, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Jose, California November 27, 2013 69 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION Not applicable. 70 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Information regarding: (i) our directors will be set forth under the caption ‘‘Proposal One— Election of Directors—Nominees’’; (ii) compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 will be set forth under the caption ‘‘Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance’’; (iii) the process for stockholders to nominate directors will be set forth under the caption ‘‘Proposal One— Election of Directors—Process for Recommending Candidates for Election to the Board of Directors’’; (iv) our audit committee and audit committee financial expert will be set forth under the caption ‘‘Proposal One—Election of Directors—Board Meetings and Committees—Audit Committee’’; in our proxy statement for use in connection with an upcoming Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2014 (the ‘‘2014 Proxy Statement’’) and is incorporated herein by reference or included in a Form 10-K/A as an amendment to this Form 10-K. The 2014 Proxy Statement or Form 10-K/A will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year. Business Conduct Policy We have adopted a worldwide Business Conduct Policy that applies to the members of our Board of Directors, executive officers and other employees. This policy is posted on our Website at www.coherent.com and may be found as follows: 1. From our main Web page, first click on ‘‘Company’’ and then on ‘‘corporate governance.’’ 2. Next, click on ‘‘Business Conduct Policy.’’ We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of this Business Conduct Policy by posting such information on our Website, at the address and location specified above. Stockholders may request free printed copies of our worldwide Business Conduct Policy from: Coherent, Inc. Attention: Investor Relations 5100 Patrick Henry Drive Santa Clara, California 95054 Executive Officers The name, age, position and a brief account of the business experience of our executive officers as of November 27, 2013 are set forth below: Name Age Office Held John R. Ambroseo . . . Helene Simonet . . . . . Mark Sobey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul Sechrist Luis Spinelli . . . . . . . . Bret M. DiMarco . . . . President and Chief Executive Officer 52 61 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 53 Executive Vice President and General Manager, Specialty Laser Systems 54 Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Service 65 Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer 45 Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary John R. Ambroseo. Mr. Ambroseo has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer as well as a member of the Board of Directors since October 2002. Mr. Ambroseo served as our Chief Operating Officer from June 2001 through September 2002. Mr. Ambroseo served as our Executive Vice President and as President and General Manager of the Coherent Photonics Group from September 2000 to June 2001. From September 1997 to September 2000, Mr. Ambroseo served as our Executive Vice President and as President and General Manager of the Coherent Laser Group. From 71 March 1997 to September 1997, Mr. Ambroseo served as our Scientific Business Unit Manager. From August 1988, when Mr. Ambroseo joined us, until March 1997, he served as a Sales Engineer, Product Marketing Manager, National Sales Manager and Director of European Operations. Mr. Ambroseo received a Bachelor degree from SUNY-College at Purchase and a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania. Helene Simonet. Ms. Simonet has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since April 2002. Ms. Simonet served as Vice President of Finance of our former Medical Group and Vice President of Finance, Photonics Division from December 1999 to April 2002. Prior to joining Coherent, she spent over twenty years in senior finance positions at Raychem Corporation’s Division and Corporate organizations, including Vice President of Finance of Raynet Corporation. Ms. Simonet has both Master’s and Bachelor degrees from the University of Leuven, Belgium. Mark Sobey. Mr. Sobey was appointed Executive Vice President of Coherent and General Manager of Specialty Laser Systems (SLS) in April 2010. He has served as Senior Vice President and General Manager for the SLS Business Group, which primarily serves the Microelectronics and Research markets, since joining Coherent in July 2007. Prior to Coherent, Mr. Sobey has spent over 20 years in the Laser and Fiber Optics Telecommunications industries, including roles as Senior Vice President Product Management at Cymer from January 2006 through June 2007 and previously as Senior Vice President Global Sales at JDS Uniphase through October 2005. He received his PhD in Engineering and BSc in Physics, both from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland. Paul Sechrist. Mr. Paul Sechrist was appointed Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Service in March 2011. He has over 30 years of experience with Coherent, including roles as Senior Vice President and General Manager of Commercial Lasers and Components from October 2008 to March 2011, Vice President and General Manager of Specialty Laser Systems, Santa Clara from March 2008 to October 2008 and Vice President for Components from April 2005 to October 2008. Mr. Sechrist received an AA degree from San Jose City College, with Physics studies at California State University, Hayward. Luis Spinelli. Mr. Spinelli has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer since February 2004. Mr. Spinelli joined the Company in May 1985 and has since held various engineering and managerial positions, including Vice President, Advanced Research from April 2000 to September 2002 and Vice President, Corporate Research from September 2002 to February 2004. Mr. Spinelli has led the Advanced Research Unit from its inception in 1998, whose charter is to identify and evaluate new and emerging technologies of interest for us across a range of disciplines in the laser field. Mr. Spinelli holds a degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina with post-graduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Bret M. DiMarco. Mr. DiMarco has served as our Executive Vice President and General Counsel since June 2006 and our Corporate Secretary since February 2007. From February 2003 until May 2006, Mr. DiMarco was a member and from October 1995 until January 2003 was an associate at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C., a law firm. Mr. DiMarco received a Bachelor’s degree from the University of California at Irvine and a Juris Doctorate degree from the Law Center at the University of Southern California. He is also an adjunct professor of law at the University of California Hastings College of the Law, teaching corporate law and mergers & acquisitions. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Information regarding: (i) executive officer and director compensation will be set forth under the captions ‘‘Election of Directors—Director Compensation’’ and ‘‘Executive Officers and Executive Compensation’’ and (ii) compensation committee interlocks will be set forth under the caption ‘‘Executive Officers and Executive Compensation—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider 72 Participation and Committee Independence’’ in the 2014 Proxy Statement or included in a Form 10-K/A as an amendment to our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2013. The 2014 Proxy Statement or Form 10-K/A will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS Information regarding: (i) equity compensation plan information will be set forth under the caption ‘‘Equity Compensation Plan Information’’; and (ii) security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be set forth under the caption ‘‘Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management’’; in our 2014 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference or included in a Form 10-K/A as an amendment to our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2013. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required under this item will be set forth under the caption ‘‘Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions’’ in our 2014 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference or included in a Form 10-K/A as an amendment to our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2013. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES Principal Accounting Fees and Services The following table sets forth fees for services provided by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the member firms of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and their respective affiliates (collectively, ‘‘Deloitte’’) during fiscal years 2013 and 2012: Audit fees(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audit-related fees(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax fees(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All other fees(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,818,000 79,126 135,337 2,200 $1,725,000 172,632 — 2,200 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,034,663 $1,899,832 2013 2012 (1) Represents fees for professional services provided in connection with the integrated audit of our annual financial statements and internal control over financial reporting and review of our quarterly financial statements, advice on accounting matters that arose during the audit and audit services provided in connection with other statutory or regulatory filings. (2) For fiscal 2013, represents $79,126 in fees for due diligence associated with our acquisition activities in fiscal 2013. For fiscal 2012, represents $146,874 in fees for due diligence associated with our acquisition activities in fiscal 2012 and $25,578 for services related to the review of our XBRL filings. (3) Represents tax compliance and related services. (4) Represents the annual subscription for access to the Deloitte Accounting Research Tool, which is a searchable on-line accounting database. 73 Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services The Audit Committee has determined that the provision of non-audit services by Deloitte is compatible with maintaining Deloitte’s independence. In accordance with its charter, the Audit Committee approves in advance all audit and non-audit services to be provided by Deloitte. In other cases, the Chairman of the Audit Committee has the delegated authority from the Committee to pre-approve certain additional services, and such pre-approvals are communicated to the full Committee at its next meeting. During fiscal year 2013, all services were pre-approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with this policy. 74 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) 1. Index to Consolidated Financial Statements PART IV The following Consolidated Financial Statements of Coherent, Inc. and its subsidiaries are filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Balance Sheets—September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Operations—Years ended September 28, 2013, September 29, 2012 and October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income—Years ended September 28, 2013, September 29, 2012 and October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity—Years ended September 28, 2013, September 29, 2012 and October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Years ended September 28, 2013, September 29, 2012 81 82 83 84 85 and October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 87 129 75 2. Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules Financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are either not required, not applicable or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements hereto. 3. Exhibits Exhibit Numbers 3.1* 3.2* Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation. (Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 1990) Certificate of Amendment of Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation of Coherent, Inc. (Previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2002) 3.3* Bylaws. (Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K, filed on December 12, 2012) 10.1*‡ 10.2*‡ 10.3* 10.4*‡ 10.5*‡ 10.6*‡ 10.7*‡ 10.8*‡ Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form S-8 filed on June 12, 2012) Coherent Employee Retirement and Investment Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.23 to Form 8, Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 25, 1982) 1998 Director Option Plan. (Previously filed as Appendix B to Schedule 14A filed February 28, 2006) 2001 Stock Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 2008) Change of Control Severance Plan, as amended and restated effective December 7, 2012. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, filed on December 12, 2012) Variable Compensation Plan, as amended. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.7 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 1, 2011) Fiscal 2011 Variable Compensation Plan Payout Scale. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.8 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 1, 2011) Fiscal 2012 Variable Compensation Plan Payout Scale. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 1, 2011) 10.9***‡ Fiscal 2013 Variable Compensation Plan Payout Scale for Named Executive Officers. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 29, 2012) 10.10*‡ 10.11*‡ 10.12*‡ 10.13*‡ Supplementary Retirement Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 1, 2006) 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2011) Form of 2001 Stock Plan Terms and Conditions of Restricted Stock Units. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2009) Form of 2001 Stock Plan Amended Global Stock Option Agreement. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2009) 76 Exhibit Numbers 10.14* 10.15* 10.16* 10.17* 10.18*‡ 10.19*‡ 10.20*‡ 10.21*‡ 10.22*‡ 10.23*‡ Amended and Restated Loan Agreement by and between Coherent, Inc. and Union Bank of California, N.A. dated as of May 30, 2012. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2012) Amended and Restated Promissory Note (Base Rate) (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2012) Second Lease Amendment by and between Coherent, Inc. and 5200 Patrick Henry Associates LLC dated as of July 23, 2010. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 2010) Form of Indemnification Agreement (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.18 to Form 10-K for the year ended October 2, 2010) 2011 Equity Incentive Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-174019) filed on May 6, 2011) Form of RSU Agreement for members of the Board of Directors under the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 2, 2011) Form of Option Agreement for members of the Board of Directors under the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 2, 2011) Form of Performance RSU Agreement under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.22 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 1, 2011) Form of Time-Based RSU Agreement under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.23 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 1, 2011) Form of Performance RSU Agreement under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (Amended) (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.23 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2012) 10.24*‡ Form of Performance RSU Agreement under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended November 8, 2013. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed November 14, 2013) 21.1 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 Subsidiaries Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Power of Attorney (see signature page) Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 77 Exhibit Numbers 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. * These exhibits were previously filed with the Commission as indicated and are incorporated herein by reference. ** Portions of this exhibit are redacted and confidential treatment has been requested. ‡ Identifies management contract or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as an exhibit. 78 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES COHERENT, INC. Date: November 27, 2013 By: /s/ JOHN R. AMBROSEO John R. Ambroseo President and Chief Executive Officer POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints John R. Ambroseo and Helene Simonet, and each of them individually, as his attorney-in-fact, each with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same with, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his or her substitute, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: /s/ JOHN R. AMBROSEO John R. Ambroseo (Director and Principal Executive Officer) /s/ HELENE SIMONET Helene Simonet (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /s/ JAY T. FLATLEY Jay T. Flatley (Director) /s/ SUSAN M. JAMES Susan M. James (Director) /s/ L. WILLIAM KRAUSE L. William Krause (Director) /s/ GARRY W. ROGERSON Garry W. Rogerson (Director) /s/ LAWRENCE TOMLINSON Lawrence Tomlinson (Director) /s/ SANDEEP VIJ Sandeep Vij (Director) 79 November 27, 2013 Date November 27, 2013 Date November 27, 2013 Date November 27, 2013 Date November 27, 2013 Date November 27, 2013 Date November 27, 2013 Date November 27, 2013 Date STATEMENT OF MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY Management is responsible for the preparation, integrity, and objectivity of the Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information included in the Company’s 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and reflect the effects of certain estimates and judgments made by management. It is critical for investors and other readers of the Consolidated Financial Statements to have confidence that the financial information that we provide is timely, complete, relevant and accurate Management, with oversight by the Company’s Board of Directors, has established and maintains a corporate culture that requires that the Company’s affairs be conducted to the highest standards of business ethics and conduct. Management also maintains a system of internal control that is designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and that transactions are properly recorded and executed in accordance with management’s authorization. This system is regularly monitored through direct management review, as well as extensive audits conducted by internal auditors throughout the organization. Our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended September 28, 2013 have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Their audit was conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and included an integrated audit under such standards. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors meets regularly with management, the internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm to review accounting, reporting, auditing and internal control matters. The Audit Committee has direct and private access to both internal and external auditors. See Item 9A for Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financing Reporting. We are committed to enhancing shareholder value and fully understand and embrace our fiduciary oversight responsibilities. We are dedicated to ensuring that our high standards of financial accounting and reporting as well as our underlying system of internal controls are maintained. Our culture demands integrity and we have the highest confidence in our processes, internal controls, and people, who are objective in their responsibilities and operate under the highest level of ethical standards. /s/ JOHN R. AMBROSEO /s/ HELENE SIMONET John R. Ambroseo President and Chief Executive Officer Helene Simonet Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 80 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Coherent, Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Coherent, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the ‘‘Company’’) as of September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 28, 2013. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 28, 2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated November 27, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Jose, California November 27, 2013 81 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except par value) September 28, 2013 September 29, 2012 Current assets: ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable—net of allowances of $1,386 in 2013 and $1,443 in 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $110,444 139,666 $ 67,761 157,168 136,759 168,067 52,577 21,713 629,226 114,333 113,408 42,971 66,540 144,345 160,113 61,730 23,368 614,485 115,096 77,689 9,473 64,029 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $966,478 $880,772 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Current portion of long-term obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-term obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) Stockholders’ equity: Common stock, par value $.01: Authorized—500,000 shares; Outstanding—24,464 shares in 2013 and 23,746 shares in 2012 . . . . . . . Additional paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2 36,565 24,695 84,566 145,828 — 62,132 $ 17 29,088 33,944 90,739 153,788 2 55,326 244 162,253 54,450 541,571 758,518 237 131,708 40,455 499,256 671,656 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $966,478 $880,772 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 82 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share data) Year Ended September 28, 2013 September 29, October 1, 2012 2011 Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $810,126 487,855 $769,088 453,103 $802,834 452,012 Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322,271 315,985 350,822 Operating expenses: Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (expense): Interest and dividend income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other—net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,785 149,513 5,074 237,372 84,899 230 (164) (1,469) (1,403) 83,496 17,141 78,260 138,519 10,376 227,155 88,830 311 (86) 1,567 1,792 81,232 149,499 8,082 238,813 112,009 909 (147) 11,058 11,820 90,622 27,660 123,829 30,591 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 66,355 $ 62,962 $ 93,238 Net income per share: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2.75 2.70 $ $ 2.67 2.62 $ $ 3.74 3.66 Shares used in computation: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,138 24,555 23,561 24,026 24,924 25,464 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 83 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In thousands) Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive income (loss): Translation adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale Year Ended September 28, 2013 September 29, October 1, 2012 2011 $66,355 $ 62,962 $ 93,238 13,998 (10,796) (10,842) securities, net of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) 30 (21) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(1) . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,995 $80,350 (10,766) (10,863) $ 52,196 $ 82,375 (1) Tax expense (benefit) of $(746), $(166) and $(2,283) was provided on translation adjustments during fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Tax expense (benefit) on changes in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities was insignificant. 84 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Three Years in the Period Ended September 28, 2013 (In thousands) Balances, October 2, 2010 . . . . . . . . Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax impact from employee stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchases of common stock . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive loss, net of tax Balances, October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax impact from employee stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchases of common stock . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive income, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balances, September 29, 2012 . . . . . . Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax impact from employee stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . Cash dividends paid ($1.00 per common share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive income, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common Stock Shares Common Stock Par Value Add. Paid-in Capital Accum. Other Comp. Income Retained Earnings Total 24,554 $245 $ 186,078 $ 62,084 $343,056 $ 591,463 1,233 11 31,403 — — 31,414 — (2,065) — — — — (20) — — — — 290 — (100,617) — 13,096 — — — (10,863) — 290 — (100,637) 13,096 — 93,238 93,238 (10,863) — 23,722 $236 $ 130,250 $ 51,221 $436,294 $ 618,001 567 — (543) — — — 6 — (5) — — — 8,745 1,264 (24,994) 16,443 — — — — — — — 8,751 — — — 62,962 1,264 (24,999) 16,443 62,962 — (10,766) — (10,766) 23,746 $237 $ 131,708 $ 40,455 $499,256 $ 671,656 718 — — — — — 7 — — — — — 12,364 (836) 19,017 — — — — — — — — — 12,371 (836) 19,017 — (24,040) 66,355 — (24,040) 66,355 13,995 — 13,995 Balances, September 28, 2013 . . . . . . 24,464 $244 $ 162,253 $ 54,450 $541,571 $ 758,518 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 85 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Year Ended September 28, 2013 September 29, October 1, 2012 2011 $ 66,355 $ 62,962 $ 93,238 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Write-off of Hypertronics intangibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation arrangements . . . . . . . . . Non-cash translation adjustment related to Finland dissolution . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other non-cash (income) expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions: Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes payable/receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,356 9,767 — 18,891 — — (1,107) 353 4,226 4,260 10,128 34 6,116 (20,574) (11,185) 1,902 Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,522 Cash flows from investing activities: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of property and equipment Proceeds from dispositions of property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of available-for-sale securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities . . . . . . . . . Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change in restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash flows from financing activities: Short-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayments of short-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayments of capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchase of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and purchase plans . . Cash dividend paid ($1.00 per common share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements . . . . . . . . . Net settlement of restricted common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year (21,988) 1,482 (228,231) 245,361 (67,289) — (70,665) 20,717 (20,717) (17) — 16,541 (24,040) — (4,170) (11,686) 9,512 42,683 67,761 23,243 6,406 4,142 16,315 (1,264) — (4,763) (192) (5,146) (9,767) (5,294) 147 (10,443) (6,922) (5,360) 707 64,771 (36,051) 280 (244,186) 140,700 (3,687) — (142,944) 9,262 (9,262) (15) (24,999) 13,288 — 1,264 (4,537) (14,999) (6,128) (99,300) 167,061 20,539 8,082 — 12,963 (5,111) (6,511) 22,089 68 (26,185) (38,570) (8,098) (1,194) (161) 4,272 8,712 2,543 86,676 (37,117) 355 (230,992) 195,570 (14,108) 625 (85,667) 2,344 (2,344) (18) (100,637) 34,720 — 5,111 (3,306) (64,130) (15,198) (78,319) 245,380 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 110,444 $ 67,761 $ 167,061 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the year for: Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 164 $ 54,047 $ 86 $ 49,755 Cash received during the year for: Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 13,538 $ 11,855 Noncash investing and financing activities: Unpaid property and equipment purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,550 $ 1,031 $ 108 $ 17,291 $ $ 5,250 1,334 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 86 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Founded in 1966, Coherent, Inc. provides photonics-based solutions in a broad range of commercial and scientific research applications. We design, manufacture, service and market lasers, laser tools and related accessories for a diverse group of customers. Headquartered in Santa Clara, California, the Company has worldwide operations including research and development, manufacturing, sales, service and support capabilities. 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Fiscal Year Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30. Fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011 ended on September 28, 2013, September 29, 2012 and October 1, 2011, respectively, and are referred to in these financial statements as fiscal 2013, fiscal 2012, and fiscal 2011 for convenience. All fiscal years include 52 weeks. Accordingly, the financial statements of these subsidiaries as of that date and for the years then ended have been used for our consolidated financial statements. Management believes that the impact of the use of different year-ends is immaterial to our consolidated financial statements taken as a whole. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (‘‘GAAP’’) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Coherent, Inc. and its majority- owned subsidiaries (collectively, ‘‘the Company’’, ‘‘we’’, ‘‘our’’, or ‘‘Coherent’’). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Investments in business entities in which we do not have control, but have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies (generally 20%-50% ownership) are accounted for by the equity method. We currently do not have any investments accounted for by the equity method. Minority interests in non-wholly owned subsidiaries are insignificant. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of certain of our financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Short-term investments are comprised of available-for-sale securities, which are carried at fair value. Other non-current assets include trading securities and life insurance contracts related to our deferred compensation plans; trading securities are carried at fair value and life insurance contracts are carried at cash surrender values, which due to their ability to be converted to cash at that amount, approximate their fair values. The recorded carrying amount of our long-term obligations approximates fair value at fiscal 2013 and 2012 year-ends. Foreign exchange contracts are stated at fair value based on prevailing financial market information. 87 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Cash Equivalents All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that may potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. At fiscal 2013 year-end, the majority of our short-term investments are in US Treasury and federal agency obligations and corporate notes and obligations. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are maintained with several financial institutions and may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such balances. At September 28, 2013, we held cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments outside the U.S. in certain of our foreign operations totaling approximately $157.5 million, $89.9 million of which was denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The majority of our accounts receivable are derived from sales to customers for commercial applications. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and limit the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary but generally require no collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses. Our products are broadly distributed and there were two customers who accounted for 15.2% and 11.7% of accounts receivable at fiscal 2013 year-end. There were two customers who accounted for 14.9% and 14.8% of accounts receivable at fiscal 2012 year-end. Accounts Receivable Allowances Accounts receivable allowances reflect our best estimate of probable losses inherent in our accounts receivable balances. We regularly review allowances by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Activity in accounts receivable allowance is as follows (in thousands): Fiscal year-end 2013 2012 2011 Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions charged to expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accruals resulting from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deductions from reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,443 1,622 — (1,679) $ 1,439 1,362 — (1,358) $ 1,655 1,329 184 (1,729) Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,386 $ 1,443 $ 1,439 88 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Inventories are as follows (in thousands): Purchased parts and assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Work-in-process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal year-end 2013 2012 $ 50,275 60,089 57,703 $ 46,526 60,171 53,416 $168,067 $160,113 Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method. Cost, accumulated depreciation and amortization, and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands): Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buildings and improvements . . . . . . . Equipment, furniture and fixtures . . . . Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal year-end 2013 2012 Useful Life $ 6,295 73,139 220,133 29,763 329,330 $ 6,251 67,916 205,479 28,162 Lesser of useful life or terms of leases 5 - 40 years 3 - 10 years 307,808 Accumulated depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (214,997) (192,712) Property and equipment, net . . . . . . . $ 114,333 $ 115,096 Asset Retirement Obligations The fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation is recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The fair value of the liability is added to the carrying amount of the associated asset and this additional carrying amount is depreciated over the life of the asset. All of our existing asset retirement obligations are associated with commitments to return the property to its original condition upon lease termination at various sites and costs to clean up and dispose of certain fixed assets at our Sunnyvale, California site. We estimated that as of fiscal 2013 year-end, gross expected future cash flows of $2.5 million would be required to fulfill these obligations. 89 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) The following table reconciles changes in our asset retirement liability for fiscal 2013 and 2012 (in thousands): Asset retirement liability as of October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payment of asset retirement obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to asset retirement obligations recognized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accretion recognized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes due to foreign currency exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asset retirement liability as of September 29, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payment of asset retirement obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to asset retirement obligations recognized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accretion recognized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes due to foreign currency exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,878 — 69 113 (31) 2,029 — 253 70 (105) Asset retirement liability as of September 28, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,247 At September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012, the asset retirement liability is included in other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Long-lived Assets We evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, whenever events or changes in business circumstances or our planned use of long-lived assets indicate that their carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable or that their useful lives are no longer appropriate. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying values of long-lived assets are impaired based on a comparison to the undiscounted expected future net cash flows. If the comparison indicates that impairment exists, long-lived assets that are classified as held and used are written down to their respective fair values. When long-lived assets are classified as held for sale, they are written down to their respective fair values less costs to sell. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that is used in the preparation of expected undiscounted cash flows. For fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, there were no significant asset impairments recorded. Goodwill Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests in certain circumstances, and written down when impaired (see Note 8. ‘‘Goodwill and Intangible Assets’’). In testing for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Moreover, an entity can bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to step one of the impairment test, and then resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. In fiscal 2012, we performed a qualitative assessment. In fiscal 2013, we elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test. This election was made because we had last performed this impairment test in fiscal 2010 and we have subsequently added a substantial amount of goodwill balances as a result of our acquisitions of Midaz in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and the acquisitions of Innolight and Lumera in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. We performed our 90 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Step 1 test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 using the opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth quarter and noted no impairment. Between the completion of that testing and the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, we noted no indications of impairment or triggering events to cause us to review goodwill for potential impairment. Absent any impairment indicators, we perform our annual impairment tests during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year using opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter, with any resulting impairment recorded in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year. Intangible Assets Intangible assets, including acquired existing technology, customer lists, trade name and non-compete agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of 1 year to 15 years. Warranty Reserves We provide warranties on the majority of our product sales and reserves for estimated warranty costs are recorded during the period of sale. The determination of such reserves requires us to make estimates of product return rates and expected costs to repair or replace the products under warranty. We currently establish warranty reserves based on historical warranty costs for each product line. The weighted average warranty period covered is approximately 15 months. If actual return rates and/or repair and replacement costs differ significantly from our estimates, adjustments to cost of sales may be required in future periods. Components of the reserve for warranty costs during fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 were as follows (in thousands): Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions related to current period sales . . . . . . . . . Warranty costs incurred in the current period . . . . . Accruals resulting from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments to accruals related to foreign exchange and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 $ 17,442 26,721 (27,975) 1,735 $ 16,704 29,425 (28,263) — $ 13,499 27,900 (24,671) 178 585 (424) (202) Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18,508 $ 17,442 $ 16,704 Revenue Recognition When a sales arrangement contains multiple elements, such as products and/or services, we allocate revenue to each element based on a selling price hierarchy. Using the selling price hierarchy, we determine the selling price of each deliverable using vendor specific objective evidence (‘‘VSOE’’), if it exists, and otherwise third-party evidence (‘‘TPE’’). If neither VSOE nor TPE of selling price exists, we use estimated selling price (‘‘ESP’’). We generally expect that we will not be able to establish TPE due to the nature of the markets in which we compete, and, as such, we typically will determine selling price using VSOE or if not available, ESP. 91 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Our basis for establishing VSOE of a deliverable’s selling price consists of standalone sales transactions when the same or similar product or service is sold separately. However, when services are never sold separately, such as product installation services, VSOE is based on the product’s estimated installation hours based on historical experience multiplied by the standard service billing rate. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling price for a product or service fall within a reasonably narrow price range, as defined by us. We also consider the geographies in which the products or services are sold, major product and service groups, and other environmental variables in determining VSOE. Absent the existence of VSOE and TPE, our determination of a deliverable’s ESP involves evaluating several factors based on the specific facts and circumstances of these arrangements, which include pricing strategy and policies driven by geographies, market conditions, competitive landscape, correlation between proportionate selling price and list price established by management having the relevant authority, and other environmental variables in which the deliverable is sold. For multiple element arrangements which include extended maintenance contracts, we allocate and defer the amount of consideration equal to the separately stated price and recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the contract period. We recognize revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product has been delivered or the service has been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured. Revenue from product sales is recorded when all of the foregoing conditions are met and risk of loss and title passes to the customer. Sales to customers are generally not subject to any price protection or return rights. The vast majority of our sales are made to original equipment manufacturers (‘‘OEMs’’), distributors, resellers and end-users in the non-scientific market. Sales made to these customers do not require installation of the products by us and are not subject to other post-delivery obligations, except in occasional instances where we have agreed to perform installation or provide training. In those instances, we defer revenue related to installation services or training until these services have been rendered. We allocate revenue from multiple element arrangements to the various elements based upon relative fair values. Our sales to distributors, resellers and end-user customers typically do not have customer acceptance provisions and only certain of our sales to OEM customers and integrators have customer acceptance provisions. Customer acceptance is generally limited to performance under our published product specifications. For the few product sales that have customer acceptance provisions because of higher than published specifications, (1) the products are tested and accepted by the customer at our site or the customer accepts the results of our testing program prior to shipment to the customer, or (2) the revenue is deferred until customer acceptance occurs. Sales to end-users in the scientific market typically require installation and, thus, involve post-delivery obligations; however, our post-delivery installation obligations are not essential to the functionality of our products. We defer revenue related to installation services until completion of these services. For most products, training is not provided; therefore, no post-delivery training obligation exists. However, when training is provided to our customers, it is typically priced separately and is recognized as revenue as these services are provided. 92 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) We record taxes collected on revenue-producing activities on a net basis. Research and Development Research and development expenses include salaries, contractor and consultant fees, supplies and materials, as well as costs related to other overhead such as depreciation, facilities, utilities and other departmental expenses. The costs we incur with respect to internally developed technology and engineering services are included in research and development expenses as incurred as they do not directly relate to any particular licensee, license agreement or license fee. We treat third party and government funding of our research and development activity, where we are the primary beneficiary of such work conducted, as a credit to research and development cost. Amounts offset against research and development costs were not material in any of the periods presented. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are generally their respective local currencies. Accordingly, gains and losses from the translation of the financial statements of the foreign subsidiaries are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (‘‘OCI’’). Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in earnings. Derivatives U.S. GAAP requires that all derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. If the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of the changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in OCI and are recognized in the income statement when the hedged item affects earnings. Ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognized in other income (expense). Our objective of holding derivatives is to minimize the risks of foreign currency fluctuation by using the most effective methods to eliminate or reduce the impact of these exposures. Principal currencies hedged include the Euro, Korean Won, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Chinese Renminbi and Singapore dollar. Forwards not designated as hedging instruments are also used to hedge the impact of the variability in exchange rates on accounts receivable and collections denominated in certain foreign currencies. Our forward contracts have maturities of two months or less and changes in fair value of these derivatives are recognized in other income (expense). Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and is presented in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and in Note 15, ‘‘Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).’’ 93 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, excluding unvested restricted stock. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period increased by the effect of dilutive employee stock awards, including stock options, restricted stock awards and stock purchase contracts, using the treasury stock method. The following table presents information necessary to calculate basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share data): Weighted average shares outstanding—basic(1) . . . . . . Dilutive effect of employee awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted average shares outstanding—diluted . . . . . . . 2013 24,138 417 24,555 Fiscal 2012 23,561 465 24,026 2011 24,924 540 25,464 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $66,355 $62,962 $93,238 Net income—basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income—diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2.75 2.70 $ $ 2.67 2.62 $ $ 3.74 3.66 (1) Net of unvested restricted stock A total of 883; 99,912; and 2,416 potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the dilutive share calculation for fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive. Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation using the fair value of the awards granted. We estimate the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes Merton model. We value restricted stock units using the intrinsic value method. We use a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of market-based performance restricted stock units. We use historical data to estimate pre-vesting option and restricted stock unit forfeitures and record stock-based compensation expense only for those options and awards that are expected to vest. We amortize the fair value of stock options and awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods. See Note 14 ‘‘Employee Stock Option and Benefit Plans’’ for a description of our stock-based employee compensation plans and the assumptions we use to calculate the fair value of stock-based employee compensation. Shipping and Handling Costs We record costs related to shipping and handling of revenue in cost of sales for all periods presented. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were $3.4 million, $3.5 million and $4.1 million in fiscal 2013, fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011, respectively. 94 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Income Taxes As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income tax provision (benefit) in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our current income tax provision (benefit) together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets. We account for uncertain tax issues pursuant to ASC 740-10 (formerly FASB Financial Interpretation No. 48, ‘‘Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes’’), which creates a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. This standard provides a two-step approach for evaluating tax positions. The first step, recognition, occurs when a company concludes (based solely on the technical aspects of the matter) that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. The second step, measurement, is only considered after step one has been satisfied and measures any tax benefit at the largest amount that is deemed more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement of the uncertainty. These determinations involve significant judgment by management. Tax positions that fail to qualify for initial recognition are recognized in the first subsequent interim period that they meet the more likely than not standard or when they are resolved through negotiation or litigation with factual interpretation, judgment and certainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are complex and are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, evolution of regulations and court filings. Therefore, the actual liability for U.S. or foreign taxes may be materially different from our estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially to reverse previously recorded tax liabilities. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that more likely than not will be realized. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment to the allowance for the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made. Likewise, should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the allowance for the deferred tax asset would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. Federal income taxes have not been provided for on a portion of the unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries because such earnings are intended to be permanently reinvested. The total amount of unremitted earnings and accumulated translation adjustments of foreign subsidiaries for which we have not yet recorded federal and state income taxes was approximately $335.4 million and $52.7 million respectively, at fiscal 2013 year-end. The amount of federal and state income taxes that would be payable upon repatriation of such earnings are not practicably determinable. Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncement and Update to Significant Accounting Policies In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’) issued guidance that permits the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (OIS) to be used as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes, in addition to the direct Treasury obligations of the U.S. government (UST) and 95 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). The amendments also remove the restriction on using different benchmark rates for similar hedges. The amendments are effective prospectively for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after July 17, 2013. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In July 2012, the FASB amended existing guidance related to goodwill and other intangible assets by giving an entity testing an indefinite-lived intangible asset for impairment the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of an intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If the entity determines, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not more likely than not impaired, the entity would not need to calculate the fair value of the asset. The guidance does not revise the requirement to test indefinite-lived intangible assets annually for impairment or to test these assets for impairment between annual tests if there is a change in events or circumstances. This amended guidance was effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. We adopted this authoritative guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. As of September 2013 and 2012, the implementation of this authoritative guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows in connection with our impairment testing. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In July of 2013, the FASB issued amended guidance that resolves the diversity in practice for the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. This new accounting guidance requires the netting of unrecognized tax benefits (‘‘UTBs’’) against a deferred tax asset for a loss or other carryforward that would apply in settlement of the uncertain tax positions. Under the new standard, UTBs will be netted against all available same-jurisdiction losses or other tax carryforwards that would be utilized, rather than only against carryforwards that are created by the UTBs. The new standard requires prospective adoption but allows retrospective adoption for all periods presented. We will consider the FASB’s amended guidance for our fiscal year beginning September 28, 2014. We do not expect the amended guidance to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In March 2013, the FASB issued guidance regarding the treatment of cumulative translation adjustment (‘‘CTA’’) by a parent company upon de-recognition of a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity. The objective is to resolve the diversity in practice regarding the release into net income of such CTA. The guidance is effective for us beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2014. We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance which requires an entity to disclose additional information for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (‘‘AOCI’’). For items reclassified out of AOCI and into net income in their entirety, entities are required to disclose the effect of the reclassification on each affected net income line item. For AOCI reclassification items that are not reclassified in their entirety into net income, a cross reference to other disclosures is required. This information may be provided either in the notes or parenthetically on the face of the statement that reports net income as long as all the information is disclosed in a single location. The guidance is effective for us beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2014 and we plan to adopt this guidance at the effective date. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard will have an impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. 96 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) In December 2011, the FASB issued guidance which requires an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable financial statement users to evaluate the effect or potential effect of netting arrangements, including rights of setoff associated with the entity’s recognized financial assets and liabilities, on the entity’s financial position. The new disclosures will enable financial statement users to compare balance sheets prepared under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (‘‘IFRS’’), which are subject to different offsetting models. The disclosures will be limited to financial instruments (and derivatives) subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements. Similar agreements include derivative clearing agreements, global master repurchase agreements, and global master securities lending agreements. Financial instruments and transactions that will be subject to the disclosure requirements may include derivatives, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities lending and borrowing arrangements. An entity should provide the disclosures required by those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. The guidance is effective for us beginning in fiscal 2014. We are currently evaluating the additional disclosures required, if any, from the adoption of this guidance. 3. RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES During fiscal 2008, we initiated restructuring plans to decrease costs by consolidating facilities and reducing our workforce. During the second quarter of fiscal 2009, we announced our plans to close our facilities in Tampere, Finland and St. Louis, Missouri. The closure of our St. Louis site was completed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009. The closure of our Finland site was scheduled for completion by the end of fiscal 2010, but we delayed the closure due to increased demand for products manufactured in Finland. In the second quarter of fiscal 2011, we ceased manufacturing operations in our Finland facility and recognized a $6.1 million gain, primarily in other income (expense), due to a non-recurring translation adjustment related to the dissolution of our Finland operations. We exited the facility in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. These closure plans resulted in charges primarily for employee termination and other exit related costs associated with a plan approved by management. During the first quarter of fiscal 2010, we acquired the assets and certain liabilities of StockerYale, Inc’s laser module product line in Montreal, Canada and transitioned those activities to other Coherent facilities in Salem, Massachusetts, Wilsonville, Oregon and Sunnyvale, California. The transfer was completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2011. These closure plans resulted in charges primarily for employee termination and other exit related costs associated with a plan approved by management. There were no new restructuring charges during fiscal 2013 and all charges related to restructuring activities discussed above were expensed as of the end of fiscal 2012. Restructuring charges during fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 are recorded in cost of sales, research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. 97 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 3. RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES (Continued) The following table presents our current liability as accrued on our balance sheets for restructuring charges. The table sets forth an analysis of the components of the restructuring charges and payments and other deductions made against the accrual for fiscal 2012 and 2011 (in thousands): Balances, October 2, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balances, October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Severance Related $ 912 218 (1,130) — — — Facilities Related Charges Other Restructuring Costs $ 17 — (17) — — — $ 1,303 680 (1,349) 634 — (634) Total $ 2,232 898 (2,496) 634 — (634) Balances, September 29, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ — $ — The fiscal 2011 severance related costs were primarily comprised of severance pay, outplacement services, medical and other related benefits for employees being terminated due to the transition of activities out of Tampere, Finland. At September 29, 2012 and September 28, 2013, there were no remaining accrued restructuring costs. The following table presents our restructuring charges incurred by segment (no charges were incurred in fiscal 2012 and 2013): By Segment Commercial Lasers and Components Specialty Laser Systems Costs incurred and charged to expense in fiscal 2011 . . . . . . . . . . Costs incurred and charged to expense in fiscal 2010 . . . . . . . . . . Costs incurred and charged to expense in fiscal 2009 . . . . . . . . . . Costs incurred and charged to expense in fiscal 2008 . . . . . . . . . . $ 898 8,368 8,674 4,160 Cumulative costs incurred to date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $22,100 $ — — 6,763 1,644 $8,407 Total $ 898 8,368 15,437 5,804 $30,507 4. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS Lumera Laser GmbH On December 20, 2012, we acquired privately held Lumera Laser GmbH (Kaiserslautern, Germany) (‘‘Lumera’’) for approximately $51.5 million, excluding transaction costs. Lumera manufactures ultrafast solid state lasers for microelectronics, OEM medical and materials processing applications. Lumera has been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. 98 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 4. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (Continued) Our allocation of the purchase price is as follows (in thousands): Tangible assets: Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill Intangible assets: Existing technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-process R&D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Backlog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,364 2,770 4,380 24,640 21,000 1,800 200 6,500 900 (9,300) (8,793) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $51,461 Results of operations for the business have been included in our consolidated financial statements subsequent to the date of acquisition and pro forma results of operations in accordance with authoritative guidance for prior periods have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material to our prior period consolidated financial results. None of the goodwill from this purchase is deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets are being amortized over their respective useful lives of less than one to six years. In-process research and development (‘‘IPR&D’’) consists of two projects that have not yet reached technological feasibility. Acquired IPR&D assets are initially recognized at fair value and are classified as indefinite-lived assets until the successful completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. The value assigned to IPR&D was determined by considering the value of the products under development to the overall development plan, estimating the resulting net cash flows from the projects when completed and discounting the net cash flows to their present value. During the development period, these assets will not be amortized as charges to earnings; instead these assets will be subject to periodic impairment testing. Upon successful completion of the development process for the acquired IPR&D projects, the assets would then be considered finite-lived intangible assets and amortization of the assets will commence. The projects have not been completed as of September 28, 2013. We expensed $0.6 million of acquisition-related costs as selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations for our fiscal year 2013, and expensed $0.3 million of acquisition-related costs as selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations for our fiscal year 2012. 99 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 4. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (Continued) Innolight Innovative Laser and Systemtechnik GmbH On October 30, 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Innolight Innovative Laser and Systemtechnik GmbH (‘‘Innolight’’) for approximately $18.3 million, excluding transaction costs. Innolight provides a core technology building block for an emerging class of commercial, sub-nanosecond lasers for microelectronics manufacturing. Its semiconductor-based architecture delivers pulsed output that can be amplified by conventional or fiber amplifiers to ultimately deliver infrared, green or ultraviolet light capable of processing a range of materials. Innolight has been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. Our allocation of the purchase price is as follows (in thousands): Tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets: Existing technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-process R&D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,510 8,312 8,500 430 100 2,800 (3,836) (480) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18,336 Results of operations for the business have been included in our consolidated financial statements subsequent to the date of acquisition and pro forma results of operations in accordance with authoritative guidance for prior periods have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material to our prior period consolidated financial results. None of the goodwill from this purchase is deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets are being amortized over their respective useful lives of six to seven years. IPR&D consists of two projects that have not yet reached technological feasibility. The projects have not been completed as of September 28, 2013. We expensed $0.2 million of acquisition-related costs as selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations for our fiscal year 2013 and expensed $0.1 million of acquisition-related costs as selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations for our fiscal year 2012. MiDAZ Lasers Ltd On July 23, 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of MiDAZ Lasers Ltd ‘‘Midaz’’ for approximately $3.8 million, excluding transaction fees. Midaz was a technology-based acquisition. We intend to utilize the acquired technology in low cost, compact pulsed solid state lasers. Midaz has been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. 100 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 4. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (Continued) Our allocation of the purchase price is as follows (in thousands): Tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets: $ 187 2,809 Existing technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800 (428) (582) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,786 Results of operations for the business have been included in our consolidated financial statements subsequent to the date of acquisition and pro forma results of operations in accordance with authoritative guidance for prior periods have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material to our prior period consolidated financial results. None of the goodwill from this purchase is deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets are being amortized over their respective useful life of seven years. We expensed $0.2 million of acquisition-related costs as selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations in the fiscal year ended September 29, 2012. Hypertronics Pte Ltd On January 5, 2011, we acquired all of the assets and certain liabilities of Hypertronics Pte Ltd for approximately $14.5 million in cash. Hypertronics designs and manufactures laser-and vision-based tools for flat panel, storage, semiconductor and solar applications at facilities in Singapore and Malaysia. Hypertronics has been included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. Our allocation of the purchase price is as follows (in thousands): Tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets: Existing technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-process research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-compete agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,617 5,807 3,120 570 1,880 410 60 (1,965) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,499 The goodwill recognized from this acquisition resulted primarily from anticipated revenue growth and synergies of integrating Hypertronics scan vision technology and system capabilities with our laser technology and global sales, marketing, distribution and service network. The goodwill was included in our Specialty Lasers and Systems segment. 101 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 4. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (Continued) None of the goodwill from this purchase is deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets are being amortized over their respective useful lives of two to six years. In-process research and development (‘‘IPR&D’’) consisted of seven interrelated projects to be incorporated into one product and had not yet reached technological feasibility at the time of purchase. During the second quarter of fiscal 2012, we determined that one of the hardware projects classified as IPR&D acquired from Hypertronics would not be completed. As a result, $0.2 million was expensed in the second fiscal quarter for that project. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012, we decided to no longer pursue orders of Hypertronics’ legacy products and thus determined that an impairment review of the intangible assets was required. As a result of our analysis, we determined that the intangible assets were fully impaired and that the remaining hardware projects classified as IPR&D acquired from Hypertronics would not be completed. As a result, we recorded a $4.0 million charge in amortization expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. We also wrote off $0.3 million of inventory unique to these products that were not expected to be resold. We expensed $0.6 million of acquisition-related costs as selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations in the fiscal year ended October 1, 2011. Results of operations for the business have been included in our consolidated financial statements subsequent to the date of acquisition and pro forma results of operations in accordance with authoritative guidance for prior periods have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material to our prior period consolidated financial results. 5. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES We measure our cash equivalents and marketable securities at fair value. The fair values of our financial assets and liabilities are determined using quoted market prices of identical assets or quoted market prices of similar assets from active markets. Level 1 valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets. Level 2 valuations are obtained from quoted market prices in active markets involving similar assets; these instruments, which mature within one year and are issued by counterparties with high credit ratings, include U.S. Treasury and international government obligations, investment-grade corporate bonds, certificates of deposit and commercial paper. Level 3 valuations would be based on unobservable inputs to a valuation model and include our own data about assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available under the circumstances; as of September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012, we did not have any assets or liabilities valued based on Level 3 valuations. 102 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 5. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued) Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012 are summarized below (in thousands): Money market fund deposits(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial paper(2)(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of deposit(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. and international government obligations(2)(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate notes and obligations(4)(7) . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency contracts(5)(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mutual funds—Deferred comp and supplemental Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant Other Observable Inputs September 28, 2013 September 29, 2012 (Level 1) $12,468 — — — — — (Level 2) — $ 9,995 28,447 109,263 20,408 746 (Level 1) $10,340 — — — — — (Level 2) — $ 2,000 31,253 110,967 43,406 (21) plan(6)(9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,419 — 6,400 — (1) Included in cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of the cash equivalents. (2) Included in short-term investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (3) September 28, 2013: Included in cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of the cash equivalents. September 29, 2012: Includes $29,234 recorded in cash and cash equivalents and $2,019 recorded in short-term investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Valuations are based upon quoted market prices in active markets involving similar assets. The market inputs used to value these instruments generally consist of market yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Pricing sources include industry standard data providers, security master files from large financial institutions, and other third party sources which are input into a distribution-curve-based algorithm to determine a daily market value. This creates a ‘‘consensus price’’ or a weighted average price for each security. (4) September 28, 2013: Included in short-term investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. September 29, 2012: Includes $1,223 recorded in cash and cash equivalents and $42,183 recorded in short-term investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (5) September 28, 2013: Includes $1,270 recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets and $524 recorded in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (see Note 7). September 29, 2012: Includes $626 recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets and $645 recorded in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (see Note 7). (6) September 28, 2013: Includes $1,361 recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets and $12,058 recorded in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (see Note 14). 103 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 5. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued) September 29, 2012: Includes $2,891 recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets and $3,509 recorded in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (see Note 14). (7) Valuations are based upon quoted market prices in active markets involving similar assets. The market inputs used to value these instruments generally consist of market yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Pricing sources include industry standard data providers, security master files from large financial institutions, and other third party sources which are input into a distribution-curve-based algorithm to determine a daily market value. This creates a ‘‘consensus price’’ or a weighted average price for each security. (8) The principal market in which we execute our foreign currency contracts is the institutional market in an over-the-counter environment with a relatively high level of price transparency. The market participants usually are large commercial banks. Our foreign currency contracts’ valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and quoted pricing intervals from public data sources and do not involve management judgment. (9) The fair value of mutual funds is determined based on quoted market prices. Securities traded on a national exchange are stated at the last reported sales price on the day of valuation; other securities traded in over-the-counter market and listed securities for which no sale was reported on that date are stated as the last quoted bid price. 6. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Investments classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of related income taxes, recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (‘‘OCI’’) in stockholders’ equity until realized. Interest and amortization of premiums and discounts for debt securities are included in interest income. Gains and losses on securities sold are determined based on the specific identification method and are included in other income (expense). Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of the following (in thousands): Fiscal 2013 Year-end Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value Cost Basis Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $110,444 $ — $ — $110,444 Short-term investments: Available-for-sale securities: Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Treasury and agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . International government obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate notes and obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,995 — 103,694 5,040 20,352 Total short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $139,081 $ — — 507 28 66 $601 $ — — (1) (5) (10) $(16) $ 9,995 — 104,200 5,063 20,408 $139,666 104 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 6. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (Continued) Fiscal 2012 Year-end Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value Cost Basis Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 67,752 $ 9 $— $ 67,761 Short-term investments: Available-for-sale securities: Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . International government obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Treasury and agency obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate notes and obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,000 2,017 2,004 108,284 41,912 Total short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $156,217 $ — 2 14 666 272 $954 $— — — (2) (1) $(3) $ 2,000 2,019 2,018 108,948 42,183 $157,168 None of the unrealized losses as of the end of fiscal 2013 or 2012 were considered to be other-than-temporary impairments. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale investments in debt securities at fiscal 2013 and 2012 year-ends, classified as short-term investments on our consolidated balance sheets, were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Investments in available-for-sale debt securities due in less than 1 year . . . . . . . $139,081 $139,666 $154,200 $155,149 During fiscal 2013, we received proceeds totaling $78.8 million from the sale of available-for-sale securities and realized gross gains of less than $0.1 million. During fiscal 2012, we received proceeds totaling $77.9 million from the sale of available-for-sale securities and realized gross gains of less than $0.1 million. 7. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES All derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. We enter into foreign exchange forwards to minimize the risks of foreign currency fluctuation of specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet; these are not designated as hedging instruments. Our derivative contracts do not contain any credit risk related contingent features and do not require collateral or other security to be furnished by us or the counterparties. We maintain operations in various countries outside of the United States and have foreign subsidiaries that manufacture and sell our products in various global markets. The majority of our sales are transacted in U.S. dollars. However, we do generate revenues in other currencies, primarily the Japanese Yen, the Euro and the Korean Won. As a result, our earnings, cash flows and cash balances are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We attempt to limit these exposures through financial market instruments. We utilize derivative instruments, primarily forward contracts with maturities of three months or less, to manage our exposure associated with anticipated cash flows 105 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 7. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued) and net asset and liability positions denominated in foreign currencies. Gains and losses on the forward contracts are mitigated by gains and losses on the underlying instruments. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. If a financial counterparty to any of our hedging arrangements experiences financial difficulties or is otherwise unable to honor the terms of the foreign currency hedge, we may experience material financial losses. For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments, gains and losses are recognized in other income (expense). The outstanding notional contract and fair value amounts of hedge contracts, with maximum maturity of three months are as follows (in thousands): U.S. Notional Contract Value U.S. Notional Fair Value September 28, 2013 September 29, 2012 September 28, 2013 September 29, 2012 Euro currency hedge contracts Purchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 46,248 $ 61,779 $ 47,299 $ 62,404 Korean WON currency hedge contracts Sell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(17,345) $(39,039) $(17,545) $(39,559) Chinese RMB currency hedge contracts Sell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(11,524) $ (8,899) $(11,793) $ (8,911) Other foreign currency hedge contracts Purchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sell $ 6,677 $(14,372) $ — $(11,553) $ 6,788 $(14,321) $ — $(11,667) The fair values of our derivative instruments are included in prepaid expenses and other assets and in other current liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 5); such amounts were not material as of September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012. The amount of non-designated derivative instruments’ gain(loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, included in other income (expense) for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012 is as follows (in thousands): Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2013 Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2012 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Foreign exchange contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,071 $(2,729) 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have occurred, and we write down these assets when impaired. We perform our annual impairment tests during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year using the opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth quarter, with any resulting impairment recorded in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year. 106 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued) Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in each business combination. In September 2011, the FASB amended its guidance to simplify testing goodwill for impairment, allowing an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. If an entity determines as a result of the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not (> 50% likelihood) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative test is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. Moreover, an entity can bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to step one of the impairment test, and then resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. We adopted this accounting guidance for our impairment testing in fiscal 2012. Coherent has two reporting units: Specialty Laser Systems and Commercial Lasers and Components. In our fiscal 2012 annual testing, we performed a qualitative assessment of the goodwill by reporting unit during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 using the opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth quarter and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its carrying amount. In assessing the qualitative factors, we considered the impact of these key factors: macroeconomic conditions, fluctuations in foreign currency, market and industry conditions, our operating and competitive environment, regulatory and political developments, the overall financial performance of our reporting units including cost factors and budgeted-to-actual revenue results. We also considered market capitalization and stock price performance. Based on our assessment, goodwill in the reporting units was not impaired as of the first day of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. As such, it was not necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test at that time. In fiscal 2013, we elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test. This election was made because we had last performed this impairment test in fiscal 2010 and we have subsequently added a substantial amount of goodwill balances as a result of our acquisitions of Midaz in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and the acquisitions of Innolight and Lumera in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. We performed our Step 1 test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 using the opening balance sheet as of the first day of the fourth quarter and noted no impairment. We determined the fair value of our reporting units for the Step 1 test using a 50-50% weighting of the Income (discounted cash flow) approach and Market (market comparable) approach. Management completed and reviewed the results of the Step 1 analysis and concluded that a Step 2 analysis was not required as the estimated fair values of both of our reporting units were substantially in excess of their carrying values. Between the completion of that testing and the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, we noted no indications of impairment or triggering events to cause us to review goodwill for potential impairment. 107 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued) The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for fiscal 2013 and 2012 are as follows (in thousands): Commercial Lasers and Components(1) Specialty Laser Systems(2) Total Balance as of October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions (see Note 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Translation adjustments and other . . . . . . . . . . Balance as of September 29, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . Additions (see Note 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Translation adjustments and other . . . . . . . . . . $6,365 — (2) 6,363 — — $ 69,589 2,809 (1,072) $ 75,954 2,809 (1,074) 71,326 32,952 2,767 77,689 32,952 2,767 Balance as of September 28, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . $6,363 $107,045 $113,408 (1) Gross amount of goodwill for our CLC segment was $25.7 million at September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012. For both periods, the accumulated impairment loss for the CLC segment was $19.3 million reflecting an impairment charge in fiscal 2009. (2) The gross amount of goodwill for our SLS segment was $109.4 million and $73.7 million at September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012. For both periods, the accumulated impairment loss for the SLS segment was $2.4 million reflecting an impairment charge in fiscal 2003. We evaluate long-lived assets and amortizable intangible assets whenever events or changes in business circumstances or our planned use of assets indicate that their carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable or that their useful lives are no longer appropriate. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying values of assets are impaired based on comparison to the undiscounted expected future cash flows identifiable to such long-lived and amortizable intangible assets. If the comparison indicates that impairment exists, the impaired asset is written down to its fair value. During the second quarter of fiscal 2012, we determined that one of the hardware projects classified as in-process research and development (‘‘IPR&D’’) acquired from Hypertronics would not be completed. As a result, $0.2 million was included in research and development expense in the second fiscal quarter for that project. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012, we decided to no longer pursue orders of Hypertronics legacy products and determined that the carrying amounts of the amortizable intangible assets, including the remaining IPR&D, acquired from Hypertronics may not be recoverable and thus determined that an impairment review of the intangible assets was required. As a result of our analysis, we determined that the intangible assets were fully impaired and that the remaining hardware projects classified as in-process research and development (‘‘IPR&D’’) acquired from Hypertronics would not be completed. As a result, we recorded a $4.0 million charge in amortization expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. We also considered the valuation of the goodwill recorded upon the acquisition of Hypertronics (approximately $5.9 million at September 29, 2012) and determined that the goodwill was not impaired, and no write-off is warranted, as the goodwill is related to the key strategic purpose of our acquisition—expansion into the Asian market with the addition of a full manufacturing facility. 108 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued) During the year ended fiscal 2013, we did not have any impairment of intangible assets as a result of the impairment analysis. The components of our amortizable intangible assets are as follows (in thousands): Existing technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-compete agreement . . . . . . . . . Production know-how(1) . . . . . . . . . In-process research and development Fiscal 2013 Year-end Fiscal 2012 Year-end Gross Carrying Amount $ 82,220 17,341 710 570 — 2,299 Accumulated Amortization $(51,570) (7,465) (576) (558) — — Net $30,650 9,876 134 12 — 2,299 Gross Carrying Amount $51,346 7,849 3,050 689 910 — Accumulated Amortization $(44,457) (5,666) (2,749) (661) (838) — Net $6,889 2,183 301 28 72 — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $103,140 $(60,169) $42,971 $63,844 $(54,371) $9,473 (1) For accounting purposes, when an intangible asset is fully amortized, it is removed from the disclosure schedule. Amortizable intangible assets include intangible assets acquired through business combinations as well as through direct purchases or licenses. All IPR&D projects outstanding at the end of fiscal 2011 were either written off as discussed above, or completed during fiscal 2012 and reclassified to ‘‘existing technology’’ intangible assets with finite lives. The weighted average remaining amortization period for existing technology, customer lists and trade name are approximately 5 years, and the weighted average remaining amortization period for non-compete agreements is less than 1 year. Patents, order backlog and production know-how are fully amortized. Amortization expense for intangible assets during fiscal years 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $9.8 million, $10.4 million and $8.1 million, respectively, which includes $6.6 million, $6.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively, for amortization of existing technology and production know-how. Estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years and all years thereafter are as follows (in thousands): 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimated Amortization Expense $ 9,825 9,315 8,930 7,842 4,599 2,460 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $42,971 109 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 9. BALANCE SHEET DETAILS Prepaid expenses and other assets consist of the following (in thousands): Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 Prepaid and refundable income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23,939 28,638 $20,634 41,096 Total prepaid expenses and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $52,577 $61,730 Other assets consist of the following (in thousands): Assets related to deferred compensation arrangements (see Note 14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23,446 37,637 5,457 $21,990 37,160 4,879 Total other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $66,540 $64,029 Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 On June 8, 2010, we invested $2.0 million in SiOnyx, Inc., a privately-held company focused on shallow junction photonics, used to enhance the performance of light sensing devices used in consumer, industrial, medical and defense related applications using black silicon processing. The investment is included in other assets and is being carried on a cost basis. Other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): Accrued payroll and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reserve for warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 $29,723 11,552 18,508 6,147 1,642 16,994 $28,100 10,445 17,442 15,457 1,830 17,465 Total other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $84,566 $90,739 110 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 9. BALANCE SHEET DETAILS (Continued) Other long-term liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): Long-term taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred compensation (see Note 14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asset retirement obligations liability (see Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 $15,715 24,723 10,487 2,734 2,247 6,226 $21,281 22,816 726 2,191 2,029 6,283 Total other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $62,132 $55,326 10. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS We have several lines of credit which allow us to borrow in the applicable local currency. We have a total of $14.7 million of unsecured foreign lines of credit as of September 28, 2013. At September 28, 2013, we had used $2.3 million of these available foreign lines of credit as guarantees. These credit facilities were used in Europe and Japan during fiscal 2013. In addition, our domestic line of credit consists of a $50.0 million unsecured revolving credit account with Union Bank of California. The agreement will expire on May 31, 2014. The line of credit is subject to covenants related to financial ratios and tangible net worth with which we are currently in compliance. No amounts have been drawn upon our domestic line of credit as of September 28, 2013. 11. LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS The components of long-term obligations are as follows (in thousands): Capital leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 $ 2 (2) $ 19 (17) Long-term obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $— $ 2 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Commitments We lease several of our facilities under operating leases. 111 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued) Future minimum payments under our non-cancelable operating leases at September 28, 2013 are as follows (in thousands): Fiscal 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter through 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,335 7,466 5,787 5,220 4,511 8,430 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,749 Rent expense, exclusive of sublease income, was $10.8 million, $10.0 million and $10.1 million in fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. There was no sublease income for fiscal 2013 and 2012, and sublease income was less than $0.1 million for fiscal year 2011. As of September 28, 2013, we had total purchase commitments for inventory over the next year of approximately $40.2 million and purchase obligations for fixed assets and services of $5.2 million compared to $65.5 million of purchase commitments for inventory and $6.8 million of purchase obligations for fixed assets and services at September 29, 2012. Contingencies We are subject to legal claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability, employment or intellectual property claims, including, but not limited to, the matters described below. Recently, IMRA America, Inc. (‘‘Imra’’) filed suit against two of our German subsidiaries alleging infringement of a German patent which had been licensed to Imra by the University of Michigan. The outcome of any such matters is currently not determinable. Although we do not expect that such legal claims and litigation will ultimately have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, an adverse result in one or more matters could negatively affect our results in the period in which they occur. 13. STOCK REPURCHASES AND DIVIDENDS On January 26, 2011, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $75.0 million of our common stock. The program was authorized for 12 months from the date of authorization. On February 10, 2011, we announced that the Company would repurchase up to 1,271,100 shares of our common stock through a modified ‘‘Dutch Auction’’ tender offer. On March 14, 2011, we completed our tender offer, repurchased and retired 454,682 shares of outstanding common stock at a price of $59.00 per share for a total of $26.8 million excluding expenses. During the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2011, we repurchased and retired an additional 1,024,409 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $47.03 per share for a total of $48.2 million, excluding expenses. On August 25, 2011, we announced that the Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock. The program was authorized for 12 months from the date of 112 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 13. STOCK REPURCHASES AND DIVIDENDS (Continued) authorization. During fiscal 2011, we repurchased and retired 586,200 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $42.67 per share for a total of $25.0 million, excluding expenses. During fiscal 2012, we repurchased and retired 543,200 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $45.99 per share for a total of $25.0 million, excluding expenses. There are no funds remaining authorized for repurchase at September 28, 2013 under this repurchase program. On October 4, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized a buyback program whereby we were authorized to repurchase up to $25.0 million of our common stock. The program was authorized for 12 months from the date of authorization. No shares were purchased under this program. On December 10, 2012, we announced that the Board of Directors approved a $1.00 per share special cash dividend on our outstanding common stock payable on December 27, 2012 to stockholders of record on December 19, 2012, resulting in a payment of $24.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. 14. EMPLOYEE STOCK AWARD, OPTION AND BENEFIT PLANS Deferred Compensation Plans Under our deferred compensation plans (‘‘plans’’), eligible employees are permitted to make compensation deferrals up to established limits set under the plans and accrue income on these deferrals based on reference to changes in available investment options. While not required by the plan, the Company chooses to invest in insurance contracts and mutual funds in order to approximate the changes in the liability to the employees. These investments and the liability to the employees were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 Cash surrender value of life insurance contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair value of mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $11,374 13,433 $18,481 6,400 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24,807 $24,881 Total assets, included in: Prepaid expenses and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,361 23,446 $ 2,891 21,990 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24,807 $24,881 Total deferred compensation liability, included in: Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,361 24,723 $ 2,891 22,816 Total deferred compensation liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26,084 $25,707 Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 113 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 14. EMPLOYEE STOCK AWARD, OPTION AND BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) Life insurance premiums loads, policy fees and cost of insurance that are paid from the asset investments and gains and losses from the asset investments for these plans are recorded as components of other income or expense; such amounts were a net gain of $2.1 million in fiscal year 2013, a net gain of $1.6 million (including a $0.2 million death benefit) in fiscal year 2012 and a net gain of $3.1 million (including a $1.5 million death benefit) in fiscal year 2011. Changes in the obligation to plan participants are recorded as a component of operating expenses and cost of sales; such amounts were an expense of $2.8 million in fiscal year 2013, an expense of $2.3 million in fiscal year 2012 and an expense of $2.6 million in fiscal year 2011. Liabilities associated with participant balances under our deferred compensation plans are affected by individual contributions and distributions made, as well as gains and losses on the participant’s investment allocation election. Coherent Employee Retirement and Investment Plan Under the Coherent Employee Retirement and Investment Plan, we match employee contributions to the plan up to a maximum of 4% of the employee’s individual earnings subject to IRS limitations. Employees become eligible for participation on their first day of employment and for Company matching contributions after completing one year of service. The Company’s contributions (net of forfeitures) during fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011 were $3.4 million, $3.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively. Employee Stock Purchase Plan We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (‘‘ESPP’’) whereby eligible employees may authorize payroll deductions of up to 10% of their regular base salary to purchase shares at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of commencement of the offering or on the last day of the six-month offering period. During fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011, a total of 159,754 shares, 139,012 shares and 144,147 shares, respectively, were purchased by and distributed to employees at an average price of $37.20, $42.19 and $34.47 per share, respectively. At fiscal 2013 year-end, we had 928,225 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under the plan. Stock Award and Option Plans We have a stock plan for which employees and non-employee directors are eligible participants. This plan is the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the ‘‘2011 Plan’’) which includes our options, time-based restricted stock units and market-based performance restricted stock units. In prior years, we have had a stock plan for which employees and service providers were eligible participants and a non-employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan for which only non-employee directors were eligible participants. Those prior Plans have expired, and any future grants will be made from the 2011 Plan. Under the 2011 Plan, Coherent may grant options and awards (time-based restricted stock units and market-based performance restricted stock units) to purchase up to 6,882,000 shares of common stock, of which 6,007,510 shares remain available for grant at fiscal 2013 year end. Employee options are generally exercisable between two and four years from the grant date at a price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant and generally vest 25% to 50% annually. The Company settles stock option exercises with newly issued shares of common stock. Grants to employees generally expire six years from the original grant date. Since adoption of the 2011 Plan, no options have been granted to employees. 114 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 14. EMPLOYEE STOCK AWARD, OPTION AND BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) Director options were previously automatically granted to our non-employee directors. New directors now initially receive an award of restricted stock units of 3,500 shares which vest over a two year period. Beginning with the annual meeting of stockholders in 2011, the annual grant for non-employee directors became 3,500 shares of restricted stock units that vest on February 15 of the calendar year following the grant. Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units are independent of option grants and are typically subject to vesting restrictions—either time-based or performance-based conditions for vesting. Until restricted stock vests, shares (including those issuable upon vesting of the applicable restricted stock unit) are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the release of restrictions and cannot be transferred. (cid:129) The service based restricted stock awards generally vest three years from the date of grant. (cid:129) The service based restricted stock unit awards are generally subject to annual vesting over three years from the date of grant. (cid:129) The market-based performance restricted stock unit award grants are generally either subject to annual vesting over three years from the date of grant or subject to a single vest measurement three years from the date of grant, depending upon achievement of performance measurements (‘‘Performance RSUs’’) based on the performance of the Company’s Total Shareholder Returns (as defined) compared with the performance of the Russell 2000 Index. The Company previously granted Performance RSUs during the second quarter of fiscal 2009 which had a single vesting measurement date of November 14, 2010. These RSUs would have vested anywhere between 0% and 300% of the targeted amount based upon achievement by the Company of (a) an annual revenue threshold amount and (b) adjusted EBITDA percentage targets. The Company determined that the performance target had not been met and these awards were canceled in the first quarter of fiscal 2011 with no shares vesting. Fair Value of Stock Compensation We recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards based on the fair value of such awards. The expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective requisite service period of the awards. Determining Fair Value Stock Options Valuation and amortization method—We estimate the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula and a single option award approach. This fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. Expected Term—The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior as influenced by changes to the terms of its stock-based awards. 115 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 14. EMPLOYEE STOCK AWARD, OPTION AND BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) Expected Volatility—Our process for computing expected volatility considers both historical volatility and market-based implied volatility; however our estimate of expected forfeitures is based on historical employee data and could differ from actual forfeitures. Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation method is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term. Expected Dividend—The expected dividend assumption is based on our current expectations about our anticipated dividend policy. The Company did not grant any stock options in fiscal 2013 or fiscal 2012. The fair values of the Company’s stock options granted to employees for fiscal 2011, and of shares purchased under the stock purchase plan for fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 were estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions: Employee Stock Option Plans Employee Stock Purchase Plans Fiscal 2013 2012 2011 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 Expected life in years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — Expected dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — Weighted average fair value per share . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 36.1% 32.3% 47.0% 32.8% 1.1% 0.1% 0.9% 0.1% — — $— $— $16.26 $13.62 — $10.56 — $12.50 0.5 0.5 0.5 Time-Based Restricted Stock Units Time-based restricted stock units are fair valued at the closing market price on the date of grant. Market-Based Performance Restricted Stock Units We grant market-based performance restricted stock units to officers and certain employees. The performance stock unit agreements provide for the award of performance stock units with each unit representing the right to receive one share of Coherent, Inc. common stock to be issued after the applicable award period. The final number of units awarded for this grant will be determined as of the vesting dates, based upon our total shareholder return over the performance period compared to the Russell 2000 Index and could range from a minimum of no units to a maximum of twice the initial award. The weighted average fair value for these performance units was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model incorporating the following weighted average assumptions: Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted average fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.33% 0.39% 37.9% 41.8% $48.48 $71.59 Fiscal 2013 2012 116 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 14. EMPLOYEE STOCK AWARD, OPTION AND BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) We recognize the estimated cost of these awards, as determined under the simulation model, over the related service period, with no adjustment in future periods based upon the actual shareholder return over the performance period. Stock Compensation Expense The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands): Cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,151 1,851 14,889 (5,292) $ 1,670 1,628 13,015 (4,796) $ 1,331 1,474 10,158 (3,802) Fiscal 2013 Fiscal 2012 Fiscal 2011 $13,599 $11,517 $ 9,161 Total stock-based compensation cost capitalized as part of inventory during fiscal 2013 was $2.2 million; $2.1 million was amortized into income during fiscal 2013, which includes amounts capitalized in fiscal 2013 and amounts carried over from fiscal 2012. Total stock-based compensation cost capitalized as part of inventory during fiscal 2012 was $1.8 million; $1.7 million was amortized into income during fiscal 2012, which includes amounts capitalized in fiscal 2012 and amounts carried over from fiscal 2011. Management has made an estimate of expected forfeitures and is recognizing compensation costs only for those equity awards expected to vest. At fiscal 2013 year-end, the total compensation cost related to unvested stock-based awards granted to employees under the Company’s stock option and award plans but not yet recognized was approximately $15.3 million, net of estimated forfeitures of $0.8 million. This cost will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.0 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures. At fiscal 2013 year-end, the total compensation cost related to options to purchase common shares under the ESPP but not yet recognized was approximately $0.1 million. This cost will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of approximately one month. The stock option exercise tax benefits reported in the statement of cash flows results from the excess tax benefits arising from tax deductions in excess of the stock-based compensation cost recognized, determined on a grant-by-grant basis. During fiscal 2013, we have not generated any excess tax benefits as cash flows from financing activities. During fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 we recorded approximately $1.3 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of excess tax benefits as cash flows from financing activities. 117 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 14. EMPLOYEE STOCK AWARD, OPTION AND BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) Stock Options & Awards Activity The following is a summary of option activity for our Stock Option Plans for fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands, except per share amounts and remaining contractual term in years): Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Outstanding at October 2, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeitures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expirations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outstanding at October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeitures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expirations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outstanding at September 29, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeitures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expirations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outstanding at September 28, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested and expected to vest at September 28, 2013 . . Exercisable at September 28, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,893 24 (975) (21) (4) 917 — (269) (1) (6) 641 — (371) — — 270 270 262 $28.96 44.74 30.51 24.97 33.95 $27.80 — 27.56 26.16 32.10 $27.86 — 28.56 — — $26.90 $26.90 $26.35 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years 4.0 Aggregate Intrinsic Value $21,279 4.2 $13,952 3.5 $ 9,823 3.5 3.5 3.4 $ 9,299 $ 9,299 $ 9,167 The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the quoted price of our common stock for in-the-money options. During fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised under the Company’s stock option plans were $9.6 million, $6.8 million and $18.6 million, respectively, determined as of the date of option exercise. 118 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 14. EMPLOYEE STOCK AWARD, OPTION AND BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at fiscal 2013 year-end: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices $18.91 - $20.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23.16 - $23.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.16 - $26.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32.00 - $32.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $44.74 - $44.74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Shares 24,900 44,200 171,035 6,000 24,000 $18.91 - $44.74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,135 Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) $20.15 23.16 26.16 32.00 44.74 $26.90 5.53 1.14 3.15 6.51 7.98 3.54 Number of Shares 24,900 44,200 171,035 6,000 16,000 262,135 Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share $20.15 23.16 26.16 32.00 44.74 $26.35 The following table summarizes our restricted stock award and restricted stock unit activity for fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Time Based Restricted Stock Units Weighted Average Market-Based Performance Restricted Stock Units Weighted Average Number of Grant Date Fair Value Shares(1) Number of Grant Date Fair Value Shares(2) Nonvested stock at October 2, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonvested stock at October 1, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonvested stock at September 29, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonvested stock at September 28, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 191 (183) (85) 404 250 (206) (8) 440 273 (254) (6) 453 $26.22 45.44 26.17 29.20 $34.71 53.59 32.66 49.07 $47.81 44.03 43.06 45.59 $48.22 — 101 — — 101 95 (44) — 152 97 (28) (8) 213 $ — 49.77 — — $49.77 63.85 53.18 — $57.55 48.48 49.50 53.30 $54.63 (1) Service-based restricted stock vested during each fiscal year (2) Performance-based awards and units included at 100% of target goal; under the terms of the awards, the recipient may earn between 0% and 200% of the award. 119 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 14. EMPLOYEE STOCK AWARD, OPTION AND BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) Restricted Stock Units are converted into the right to receive common stock upon vesting; prior to issuance, the Company permits the holders to satisfy their tax withholding requirements by net settlement, whereby the Company withholds a portion of the shares to cover the applicable taxes based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the vesting date. The number of shares withheld to cover tax payments was 95,000 in fiscal 2013, 90,000 in fiscal 2012 and 70,000 in fiscal 2011; tax payments made were $4.2 million, $4.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively. At fiscal 2013 year-end, 6,007,510 options or restricted stock units were available for future grant under all plans. At fiscal 2013 year-end, all outstanding stock options have been issued under plans approved by our shareholders. 15. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax) at fiscal 2013 and fiscal 2012 year-ends are substantially comprised of accumulated translation adjustments of $54.4 million and $40.4 million, respectively. 16. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET Other income (expense) includes other-net which is comprised of the following (in thousands): Foreign exchange gain (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Translation adjustment related to dissolution of 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 $(3,762) $ (451) $ 1,457 Finland(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — 6,511 Gain (loss) on deferred compensation investments, net (Note 14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other—net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,123 170 1,644 374 3,149 (59) Other income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(1,469) $1,567 $11,058 (1) In the second quarter of fiscal 2011, the Company had substantially completed the liquidation of its Finland operations and recognized in other income the accumulated translation gains for this subsidiary previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated balance sheet. 120 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 17. INCOME TAXES The provision for (benefit from) income taxes on income (loss) before income taxes consists of the following (in thousands): Currently payable: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (1,796) $ (7,856) $(14,408) 677 (103) 31,098 38,259 (141) 27,152 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 Deferred: Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,215 30,300 17,367 (4,022) (16) (4,036) 3,763 289 (6,692) (8,074) (2,640) 10,325 2,358 541 13,224 Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17,141 $27,660 $ 30,591 The components of income (loss) before income taxes consist of (in thousands): United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (7,142) $ (9,212) $ 32,993 90,638 90,836 99,834 Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $83,496 $90,622 $123,829 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 121 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 17. INCOME TAXES (Continued) The reconciliation of the income tax expense at the U.S. Federal statutory rate (35% in fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011) to actual income tax expense is as follows (in thousands): Federal statutory tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign taxes at rates less than U.S. rates, net . . . . . . . Currency translation adjustments recognized . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit . . Research and development credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Release of unrecognized tax benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Release of interest accrued for unrecognized tax benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 $29,223 534 (8,219) — 1,292 (143) (4,131) (257) (407) Fiscal 2012 2011 $31,718 (141) (1,938) $43,340 1,456 (2,818) — (2,424) 885 2,409 (2,752) (759) (7,090) 1,176 204 (532) (325) (12) (160) (591) (1,372) (1,118) (2,672) 1,016 Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17,141 $27,660 $30,591 Effective tax rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5% 30.5% 24.7% Coherent Korea received the final approval for a High-Tech tax exemption on March 26, 2013 from the Korean authorities. The High-Tech tax exemption is effective retroactively to the beginning of fiscal 2013 and is subject to capital contribution limitations. The impact of this tax exemption decreased Korean income taxes by approximately $2.1 million in fiscal 2013. The benefit of the tax holiday on net income per share (diluted) was $0.09. Coherent Singapore had previously received a Pioneer Status tax exemption from the Singapore authorities effective from fiscal 2012 through fiscal 2017, and may be extended if certain additional requirements are satisfied. The tax holiday is conditional upon our meeting certain revenue, business spending and employment thresholds. Although Coherent Singapore had income in fiscal 2013, this amount was offset by a loss carryforward from fiscal 2012 and therefore we did not realize a benefit for the Singapore tax holiday in fiscal years 2013 and 2012. 122 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 17. INCOME TAXES (Continued) The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were (in thousands): Deferred tax assets: Reserves and accruals not currently deductible . . . . . . . . . . Operating loss carryforwards and tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital loss carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred service revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventory capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Competent authority offset to transfer pricing tax reserves . . Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liabilities: Gain on issuance of stock by subsidiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated translation adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal year-end 2013 2012 $ 25,987 65,590 309 2,221 — 1,901 6,229 4,328 $ 25,217 62,720 301 2,135 2,590 1,629 6,503 7,901 106,565 (13,359) 108,996 (9,087) 93,206 99,909 21,144 16,342 1,363 5,758 44,607 20,296 9,004 796 10,510 40,606 Net deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 48,599 $ 59,303 In determining our fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 tax provisions under ASC Subtopic 740, ‘‘Income Taxes’’, we calculated the deferred tax assets and liabilities for each separate tax entity. We then considered a number of factors including the positive and negative evidence regarding the realization of our deferred tax assets to determine whether a valuation allowance should be recognized with respect to our deferred tax assets. We determined that a valuation allowance was appropriate for a portion of the deferred tax assets of our California research and development tax credits, foreign tax attributes and net operating losses and capital loss carryforwards at fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 year-ends. During fiscal 2013, we increased our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets to $13.4 million, primarily due to the reduced ability to utilize California research and development tax credits. 123 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 17. INCOME TAXES (Continued) The net deferred tax asset is classified on the consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands): Current deferred income tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current deferred income tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-current deferred income tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-current deferred income tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 21,713 (264) 37,637 (10,487) $23,368 (499) 37,160 (726) Net deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 48,599 $59,303 Fiscal year-end 2013 2012 We have various tax attribute carryforwards which include the following: (cid:129) Foreign net operating loss carryforwards are $20.2 million, of which $18.3 million have no expiration date and of which $1.9 million are scheduled to expire beginning in fiscal year 2030. A valuation allowance totaling $7.8 million has been recorded against the foreign net operating loss carryforwards since the recovery of the carryforwards are uncertain. California net operating loss carryforwards are $19.8 million and are scheduled to expire in fiscal years 2017 to 2033. The tax benefit relating to approximately $6.8 million of the state net operating loss carryforwards will be credited to additional paid-in-capital when recognized. (cid:129) Federal capital loss carryforwards of $0.8 million are scheduled to expire in fiscal year 2014 to 2015. State capital loss carryforwards of $0.8 million are scheduled to expire in fiscal 2014 to 2015. Full valuation allowances have been recorded against the federal capital loss and the state capital loss carryforwards since the recovery of the carryforwards are uncertain. (cid:129) Federal R&D credit carryforwards of $20.5 million are scheduled to expire in fiscal years 2024 to 2033.The tax benefit relating to approximately $0.9 million of the federal tax credit carryforwards will be credited to additional paid-in-capital when recognized. California R&D credit carryforwards of $17.9 million have no expiration date. The tax benefit relating to approximately $0.5 million of the state tax credit carryforwards will be credited to additional paid-in-capital when recognized. A valuation allowance totaling $10.4 million, before federal benefit, has been recorded against California R&D credit carryforwards since the recovery of the carryforwards are uncertain. Other states R&D credit carryforwards of $1.6 million are scheduled to expire in fiscal years 2014 to 2027. A valuation allowance totaling $0.6 million, before federal benefit, has been recorded against Oregon R&D credit carryforwards since the recovery of the carryforwards are uncertain. (cid:129) Federal foreign tax credit carryforwards of $21.3 million are scheduled to expire in fiscal years 2016 to 2023. The tax benefit relating to approximately $7.2 million of the federal foreign tax credit carryforwards will be credited to additional paid-in-capital when recognized. Included in the net deferred tax asset balance is $1.4 million of deferred tax liabilities related to the currency translation adjustment. The associated tax expenses are recorded as a part of other comprehensive income. The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (‘‘the Act’’) was enacted on January 2, 2013. Under the Act, the federal research and development tax credit was retroactively extended for amounts paid or 124 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 17. INCOME TAXES (Continued) incurred after December 31, 2011 through December 31, 2013. The prior period effects of the change in the tax law were recognized in our second quarter of fiscal 2013, which is the quarter that the law was enacted. Accordingly, prior year research and development tax credits of approximately $1.4 million less appropriate reserves were recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2013. We are subject to taxation and file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in many state and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all years prior to 2010 are closed. In our major foreign jurisdictions and our major state jurisdictions, the years prior to 2006 and 2009, respectively, are closed to examination. Earlier years in our various jurisdictions may remain open for adjustment to the extent that we have tax attribute carryforwards from those years. We believe that we have provided adequate reserves for any adjustments that may be determined by the tax authorities. As of September 28, 2013, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits including gross interest and penalties was $23.2 million, of which $17.9 million, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate. As of September 29, 2012, we recorded gross unrecognized tax benefits including gross interest and penalties in the amount of $27.6 million of which $16.8 million, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate. Our total gross unrecognized tax benefit was classified as long-term taxes payable in the consolidated balance sheets. We include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes. As of September 28, 2013, the total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued was $1.8 million and it is classified as long-term taxes payable in the consolidated balance sheets. As of September 29, 2012, we had accrued $1.6 million for the gross interest and penalties related to the gross unrecognized tax benefits. Management believes that it has adequately provided for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. The Company regularly engages in discussions and negotiations with tax authorities regarding tax matters in various jurisdictions. It is reasonably possible that certain federal, foreign and state tax matters may be concluded in the next 12 months. Although the timing of the resolution and/or closure of audits is highly uncertain, it is reasonably possible that the balance of net unrecognized tax benefits including interest and penalties could be reduced by approximately $0.3 million to $2.4 million in the next 12 months. A reconciliation of the change in gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows (in thousands): Balance as of the beginning of the year . . . . . . . . . . . Tax positions related to current year: Fiscal year-end 2013 2012 2011 $25,967 $30,301 $ 43,254 Additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008 — 615 — 739 — Tax positions related to prior year: Additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lapses in statutes of limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,127 — — (6,724) 99 — — (5,048) 496 (1,125) (913) (12,150) Balance as of end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21,378 $25,967 $ 30,301 125 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 17. INCOME TAXES (Continued) Our unrecognized tax benefits decreased from $26.0 million in fiscal 2012 to $21.4 million in fiscal 2013, excluding interest and penalties. This reduction is primarily related to the closure of various statutes of limitations. A summary of the fiscal tax years that remain subject to examination, as of September 28, 2013, for our major tax jurisdictions is: United States—Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States—Various States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010—forward 2009—forward 2007—forward 2006—forward 2007—forward 2012—forward 18. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION We are organized into two reportable operating segments: Specialty Lasers and Systems (‘‘SLS’’) and Commercial Lasers and Components (‘‘CLC’’). This segmentation reflects the go-to-market strategies for various products and markets. While both segments work to deliver cost-effective solutions, SLS develops and manufacturers configurable, advanced-performance products largely serving the microelectronics, scientific research and government programs and OEM components and instrumentation markets. The size and complexity of many of our SLS products require service to be performed at the customer site by factory-trained field service engineers. CLC focuses on higher volume products that are offered in set configurations. The product architectures are designed for easy exchange at the point of use such that product service and repairs are based upon advanced replacement and depot (i.e., factory) repair. CLC’s primary markets include materials processing, OEM components and instrumentation and microelectronics. We have identified SLS and CLC as operating segments for which discrete financial information is available. Both units have dedicated engineering, manufacturing, product business management and product line management functions. A small portion of our outside revenue is attributable to projects and recently developed products for which a segment has not yet been determined. The associated direct and indirect costs are presented in the category of Corporate and other, along with other corporate costs as described below. Our Chief Executive Officer has been identified as the chief operating decision maker (CODM) as he assesses the performance of the segments and decides how to allocate resources to the segments. Income (loss) from operations is the measure of profit and loss that our CODM uses to assess performance and make decisions. As assets are not a measure used to assess the performance of the company by the CODM, asset information is not tracked or compiled by segment and is not available to be reported in our disclosures. Income (loss) from operations represents the net sales less the cost of sales and direct operating expenses incurred within the operating segments as well as allocated expenses such as shared sales and manufacturing costs. We do not allocate to our operating segments certain operating expenses which we manage separately at the corporate level. These unallocated costs include stock-based compensation and corporate functions (certain research and development, management, finance, legal and human resources) and are included in the results below under 126 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 18. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (Continued) Corporate and other in the reconciliation of operating results. Management does not consider unallocated Corporate and other costs in its measurement of segment performance. The following table provides net sales and income (loss) from operations for our operating segments (in thousands): 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 Net sales: Specialty Laser Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Lasers and Components . . . . . . . . . $571,644 238,482 $548,848 220,240 $519,736 283,098 Total net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $810,126 $769,088 $802,834 Income from operations: Specialty Laser Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Lasers and Components . . . . . . . . . Corporate and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $115,931 12,411 (43,443) $118,789 9,191 (39,150) $116,383 37,709 (42,083) Total income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 84,899 $ 88,830 $112,009 The following table provides a reconciliation of our total income (loss) from operations to net income (in thousands): Reconciliation of Income From Operations to Net Income 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 Total income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other income, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $84,899 (1,403) $88,830 1,792 $112,009 11,820 Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,496 17,141 90,622 27,660 123,829 30,591 Net Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $66,355 $62,962 $ 93,238 Geographic Information Our foreign operations consist primarily of manufacturing facilities in Europe and Asia-Pacific and sales offices in Europe and Asia-Pacific. Sales, marketing and customer service activities are conducted through sales subsidiaries throughout the world. Geographic sales information for fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011 is based on the location of the end customer. Geographic long-lived asset information presented below is based on the physical location of the assets at the end of each year. 127 COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 18. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (Continued) Sales to unaffiliated customers are as follows (in thousands): SALES 2013 Fiscal 2012 2011 United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $188,204 $184,958 $208,868 Foreign countries: Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Europe, other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asia-Pacific, other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rest of World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total foreign countries sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,152 185,737 93,855 58,500 73,794 53,884 621,922 168,912 130,754 92,162 62,266 80,834 49,202 166,911 117,918 100,759 79,751 71,813 56,814 584,130 593,966 Total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $810,126 $769,088 $802,834 Long-lived assets, which include all non-current assets other than goodwill, intangibles and deferred taxes, by geographic region, are as follows (in thousands): LONG-LIVED ASSETS Fiscal Year-end 2013 2012 United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 79,939 $ 79,618 Foreign countries: Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Europe, other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asia-Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total foreign countries long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,410 3,192 14,693 61,295 43,572 3,106 13,666 60,344 Total long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $141,234 $139,962 Major Customers We had one customer who accounted for 14% of consolidated revenue during fiscal 2013; we had two customers who each accounted for 11% of consolidated revenue during fiscal 2012. These customers purchased primarily from our SLS segment. There were no major customers over 10% of revenues for fiscal 2011. 128 QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) Summarized quarterly financial data for the years ended September 28, 2013 and September 29, 2012 are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2013: Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income per basic share . . . . . . . . . Net income per diluted share . . . . . . . Fiscal 2012: Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income per basic share . . . . . . . . . Net income per diluted share . . . . . . . $183,202 77,635 14,153 0.60 0.58 $ $ $190,767 80,359 17,051 0.73 0.71 $ $ $200,058 76,331 15,002(1) 0.62 0.61 $ $ $213,725 83,264 16,685 0.69 0.68 $ $ $213,141 85,041 20,515 0.84 0.83 $ $ $193,284 77,648 16,155(2) 0.69 0.67 $ $ $196,383 80,245 17,208 0.73 0.72 $ $ $188,654 77,733 12,548(3) 0.53 0.52 $ $ (1) The second quarter of fiscal 2013 includes a $1,398 benefit from the renewal of the R&D tax credit for fiscal 2012. (2) The second quarter of fiscal 2012 includes a $1,647 benefit from the release of tax reserves and related interest as a result of the closure of open tax years. (3) The fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 includes a $4,260 after tax charge due to the write-off of previously acquired intangible assets and inventories and a $2,790 benefit due to decreases in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. 129 Sequentially Exhibit Number 21.1 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 INDEX TO EXHIBITS Exhibit Subsidiaries Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Power of Attorney (see signature page) Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. All other exhibits required to be filed as part of this report have been incorporated by reference. See item 15 for a complete index of such exhibits. 130 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This letter contains forward-looking statements, as defined under the Federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements include the statements that relate to: our position for growth in certain applications and product lines; future product deliveries of our TwinVyper/Linebeam 1300 excimer laser annealing systems containing higher gross margins; the outlook for laser annealing systems in the flat panel display manufacturing market; our involvement in new dental applications and the potential for such applications; business opportunities in brain research for laser-based imaging systems; and the impact of stimulus money in Japan on the laser industry. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future results and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, risks associated with any general market recovery, growth in demand for our products, the worldwide demand for flat panel displays, the demand for and use of short-pulse lasers in commercial applications, our successful implementation of our customer design wins, our and our customers’ exposure to risks associated with worldwide economic conditions and, the ability of our customers to forecast their own end markets, our ability to accurately forecast future periods, customer acceptance and adoption of our new product offerings, continued timely availability of products and materials from our suppliers, our ability to timely ship our products and our customers’ ability to accept such shipments, our ability to have our customers qualify our product offerings, worldwide government economic policies and other risks identified in the Company’s Securities and Exchange Commission filings. Readers are encouraged to refer to the risk disclosures and critical accounting policies and estimates described in the Company’s reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, as applicable and as filed from time-to-time by the Company. Actual results, events and performance may differ materially from those presented herein. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this letter. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements as a result of events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. 

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