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Columbus McKinnon Corporation

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Industry Agricultural - Machinery
Employees 3515
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FY2000 Annual Report · Columbus McKinnon Corporation
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Columbus McKinnon

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financial highlights

(in thousands, except per share, 
percent change, margin and ratio data)

Net sales

Income from operations

Income before debt extinguishment

Net income

Net income per share

Economic Value Added (EVATM)

Cash flow from operating activities per share

Capital expenditures

Working capital

Shareholders’ equity

margin data
Gross margin

EBITDA margin

Operating income margin

Pre-tax income margin

Net income margin

ratio data
Return on assets

Return on equity

Current ratio

Data as of or for year ended March 31,
2000
1998
1999

$ 736,254

$ 68,042

$ 17,080

$ 17,080

$

$

$

$

1.20

1,106

**

2.58

8,102

$ 187,849

$ 203,453

$ 735,445

$ 561,823

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

85,082

27,436

27,436

1.92

3,142

*

4.02

12,992

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

69,918

23,978

19,458

1.35

2,444

2.66

11,406

$ 165,473

$ 188,674

$ 188,000

$ 170,946

24.5 %

13.3 %

9.2 %

4.7 %

2.3 %

2.2 %

8.4 %

2.69 : 1

26.2 %

15.5 %

11.6 %

6.9 %

3.7 %

3.6 %

14.5 %

2.37 : 1

28.5 %

16.3 %

12.4 %

8.3 %

3.5 %

2.5 %

11.4 %

2.63 : 1

* Excludes ASI, Abell-Howe, Raccords Gautier, Camlock/Tigrip, GL International, Washington Equipment
** Excludes ASI

net sales

(in thousands)

$736,254

$735,445

$561,823

$359,424

$209,837

income before
debt extinguishment

(in thousands)

$27,436

$23,978

$18,352

$17,080

$12,987

cash flow
from operations

(in thousands)

$57,493

$38,420

$36,721

$28,886

$18,338

5 YEAR CAGR = 33.7%

5 YEAR CAGR = 10.2%

5 YEAR CAGR = 18.8%

96

97

98

99 00

96

97

98

99 00

96

97

98

99 00

CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate

table of contents

01 shareholders’ letter
04 products / solutions business summary
06 review of operations

17 S.E.C. Form 10-K document
60 shareholder / corporate information
61 board of directors / officers

The Columbus McKinnon annual report contains “forward-looking statements’’ within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  Such statements involve known and
unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by such statements, including general
economic and business conditions, conditions affecting the industries served by the Company and its subsidiaries, conditions affecting the Company’s customers and suppliers, competitor respons-
es to the Company’s products and services, the overall market acceptance of such products and services, the integration of acquisitions and other factors disclosed in the Company’s periodic
reports  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission.  Consequently,  such  forward  looking  statements  should  be  regarded  as  the  Company’s  current  plans,  estimates  and  beliefs.    The
Company does not undertake and specifically declines any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect any future
events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

to our shareholders

Fiscal 2000 proved to be a very challenging year for Columbus McKinnon.  Softness in several markets we sell into affected
sales and margins for the year with the greatest impact coming from the Solutions–Automotive segment.  We responded
by taking decisive actions to reduce costs and reposition Solutions–Automotive for greater profitability. The positive results
from these initiatives are reflected in the significant improvement in the performance of the Solutions–Automotive segment
in the final quarter of fiscal 2000.  With the recent improvements in the results of the Solutions–Automotive segment and
the strength of our Products segment, CM begins fiscal 2001 with a strong, fundamentally sound business in an excellent
position for improved performance. 

Fiscal 2000 financial results
CM’s net sales were $736.3 million, just above net sales for fiscal 1999.  

The Products segment contributed 70% to net sales, followed by Solutions–Automotive at 21% and Solutions–Industrial
at 9%.  

CM earned net income of $17.1 million or $1.20 per diluted share in fiscal 2000, compared to $27.4 million or $1.92 per
diluted share in fiscal 1999.  

Full year results reflect both market softness and margin pressure with the most pronounced impact in the second quarter of
the year.  

Fourth quarter results were the strongest in fiscal 2000 with diluted net income per share of $.49, the second highest in
CM’s history, and sales increasing 11% to a record $198.5 million.  

The significant improvement in CM’s final quarter financial results compared to the rest of fiscal year 2000 is primarily due
to the higher sales and lower costs in the Solutions–Automotive segment.  

Committed to maximizing shareholder value
Despite this year’s disappointing financial results, CM’s business holds significant value that in the opinion of management
and the Board is not reflected in our recent share price.  This view led to our previously announced decision in the fourth
quarter of fiscal 2000 to engage Bear Stearns to evaluate all strategic alternatives to maximize shareholder value including
a sale or merger of the company.  The process is now underway and we will report on our progress as material develop-
ments occur.  At the same time, we will remain very focused on implementing our business strategy to further enhance
CM’s financial performance. 

CM’s business strategy: 
Focused on internal growth
Over several years, we have established CM as an indus-
try leader in the material handling industry, participating
in five of seven industry sub-sectors with a leading
market share in several product categories.
With that critical mass now in place, our
strategic objective is to further enhance
CM’s position as a leading designer, man-
ufacturer and distributor of material han-
dling products and solutions, both
domestically and internationally.  Our
business strategy for achieving this
objective is multi-tiered, and primarily
focuses on leveraging our strengths
and current business to generate new
internal growth.

Leverage CM’s strong 
competitive position 
Our market leadership, brand strength
and reputation for quality and service
are a strong platform to increase sales

Bob Montgomery

Tim Tevens

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through existing and new distribution channels.  E-commerce, further penetration of consumer and industrial retail channels,
and expansion of our service-after-sale operations are key areas of focus for generating incremental sales at attractive mar-
gins.  Our e-business strategy is under development for introduction in the upcoming year.  CM’s service-after-sale business
is already well-established contributing 4% to consolidated net sales last year with room for new growth as CM’s market
reach expands.  The consumer and industrial retail channels represent relatively new end markets for CM with significant
potential for incremental growth. 

Expand market reach of Solutions businesses  
With manufacturers continuing to take a more systems-focused, outsourced approach to material handling, the capabilities
of CM’s Solutions businesses provide a significant long-term internal growth opportunity. In the Solutions–Industrial busi-
ness, CM has a strong foundation in Europe and looks to penetrate new markets in North America, Latin America and Asia
where CM’s products are already widely known among end users. CM’s only significant customer concentration is in its
Solutions–Automotive segment where General Motors is the largest customer. Here we see opportunity to diversify our
revenue stream while growing the business by generating more business from other domestic and transplant automobile
manufacturers and by expanding its customer base to include automotive parts suppliers and general industrial customers. 

Increase penetration of international markets
CM currently generates just over 25% of sales through international markets including Europe, Latin America and Asia. We
look to further penetrate these markets and enhance margins through our increased global sales presence, the streamlin-
ing of our global supply chain and expanded production at our Mexico and China manufacturing facilities. 

Continue to establish CraneMartTM strategy
CM’s CraneMart strategy, launched in  fiscal 1999, will enhance our position as a full service supplier of hoists, cranes and
crane components. CraneMart participants include Company-owned and independent crane builders who use CM prod-
ucts and parts in their offerings and benefit from best pricing, parts distribution rights, dedicated technical support and
shared resources.  In the last year, CM has formed strategic alliances through CraneMart with over 50 participants, putting
us well on our way to establishing an integrated network of crane builders covering major North American markets. 

Continue to focus on quality, productivity and efficiency
CM’s reputation for quality and service is a key competitive differentiator and we will continue to leverage it to grow our
business. Our ongoing focus on achieving cost savings from integrated operations and centralized purchasing has also con-
tributed to enhancements in margins and profitability.  With this year’s further integration of the Solutions–Automotive seg-
ment into the CM organization and implementation of cost controls largely completed, we are turning our focus to a com-
prehensive product and operational rationalization program to achieve further cost reduction and margin improvement. 

CM’s value: 
Grounded in competitive advantage
The multi-tiered business strategy we are pursuing is a prudent approach to realizing CM’s full potential and value.  As we
consider CM’s future course, it is also important to note several important strengths that provide the foundation for CM’s
current and future value.

Market leadership
Columbus McKinnon is North America’s largest manufacturer of hoists, alloy chain and high strength carbon steel chain,
and operator-controlled manipulators.  We estimate that almost 70% of our domestic Products segment sales—which make
up over 1/2 of consolidated sales—are into markets where CM is the number one supplier. This large installed product
base is also a strong foundation to continue building our parts and service business.  CM’s brands including Abell-Howe,
Automatic Systems, Inc., American Lifts, Big Orange, Budgit, Chester, CM, Coffing, Duff-Norton, Gaffey, Hammerlok, Herc-
Alloy, Larco, Positech, Shaw-Box, Univeyor and Yale, are widely known in the markets we sell into and make up one of the
most diverse and comprehensive product portfolios in the material handling industry.     

Strong relationships with major distributors
Over the last decade, Columbus McKinnon has enhanced its long-standing relationships with leading distributors of indus-
trial products through our strong commitment to customer service.  Aftermarket service for CM hoist products is provided
through a network of over 450 independent distributors staffed with CM-trained professionals. CM also sponsors advisory
boards composed of representatives from our largest distributors and aftermarket sales and service network.  As we have
grown the company, the strength of CM’s relationships with distributors has enabled us to increase sales, market share and
the number of CM products carried by many distributors.  As a broad-line supplier, CM is favorably positioned for the
future as distributors continue to prefer fewer suppliers.          

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Diversified products, markets and customers
CM offers the most extensive product line to the widest range of distribution channels for application in a diverse range of
end markets. Our Products segment sells to over 20,000 distributors and OEMs worldwide for use in applications in nearly
all basic industry groups.  The diversity of our largest segment’s product offering, distribution channels and end markets
enhances our competitive position and minimizes our dependence on any one particular market, customer or geographic
region. The cyclical exposure of CM’s Products segment is further reduced because 75% of its sales are classified as main-
tenance, repair, operating and production (MROP), carrying significantly lower price points than more cyclically vulnerable
capital goods.      

Track record of strong financial performance and cash flow generation
While operating difficulties in the Solutions-Automotive business affected this year’s consolidated results, CM’s historical
financial performance has been marked by steady growth in sales and earnings.  Through both internal growth and acquisi-
tions, the combined sales and EBITDA of our Products and Solutions–Industrial segments—which currently contribute over
3/4 of net sales—grew at respective compound annual growth rates of 27.5% and 34.5%, over the last five fiscal years.
CM also continues to be a significant generator of operating cash flow in a business that is not capital intensive. In fiscal
2000, we generated cash flow from operating activities of $36.7 million and made capital investments of $8.1 million. 

Although the last year was the most difficult in CM’s four years as a public company, we finished fiscal 2000 with the
strength of our business intact and our repositioning of the Solutions–Automotive segment well underway and already pro-
ducing favorable results.   

As a global provider of material handling products and solutions, we remain very confident in CM’s future prospects.
Columbus McKinnon is a leader in a consolidating industry serving a $300 billion worldwide market with 80% of this mar-
ket outside the United States (Source: Material Handling Industry Association). The strength of CM’s brands and breadth of
our product line can be leveraged globally for new internal growth. Our products also enhance workplace safety and pro-
ductivity which continue to be major trends affecting manufacturing environments. The engineering, design and implemen-
tation capabilities of CM’s Solutions segments enable us to meet the growing demand of end users for integrated material
handling systems.  

We extend our thanks to the 4,200 associates of Columbus McKinnon who continue to deliver the high quality products
and service that have made us a recognized and respected leader in our industry. We also greatly appreciate the support
of CM’s shareholders and reiterate our commitment to increasing shareholder value and renewing our track record of deliver-
ing consistent top and bottom line growth.

Timothy T. Tevens
President & Chief Executive Officer 

Robert L. Montgomery, Jr.
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

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business

summary

products
financial facts

(in thousands, except percent,
order size and employee data)

fiscal year

2000

1999

Net sales

% of total

$ 511,287

$ 508,313

69.5 %

69.1 %

Income from operations
before amortization
as a % of net sales

14.7 %

15.5 %

Identifiable assets

$ 505,461

$ 517,774

Capital expenditures

Average order size

Employees

$

$

7,805

2M

3,270

$

$

11,201

2M

3,310

Revenue per employee

$ 156,400

$ 153,600

solutions automotive
financial facts

fiscal year

(in thousands, except percent,
order size and employee data)

2000

1999

Net sales

% of total

$ 156,408

$ 161,443

21.2 %

22.0 %

Income from operations
before amortization
as a % of net sales

1.5 %

9.2 %

Identifiable assets

$ 188,369

$ 180,617

Capital expenditures

Average order size

Employees

$

175

321
$10-15MM $10-15MM

$

340

330

Revenue per employee

$ 460,000

$ 489,200

solutions industrial
financial facts

fiscal year

(in thousands, except percent,
order size and employee data)

2000

1999

Net sales

% of total

$ 68,559

$

65,689

9.3 %

8.9 %

Income from operations
before amortization
as a % of net sales

9.9 %

10.2 %

Identifiable assets

$ 65,994

Capital expenditures

Average order size

Employees

$

$

122

1MM

540

$

$

$

68,520

1,468

1MM

530

Revenue per employee

$ 127,000

$ 123,900

4

overview

products

CM believes that it offers the most extensive
line of material handling products to the
widest range of distribution channels.  The
Company is North America’s largest manufac-
turer of overhead hoists and alloy and high-
strength carbon chain, with leading market
share for electric chain hoists, hand hoists,
wire rope hoists, lever chain hoists, hoist trol-
leys, grades 43, 70 and 80 chain, hoist load
chain, mechanical actuators and jib cranes.

CM’s CraneMartTM is North America’s largest
integrated network of top overhead crane
builders and is housed in the Company’s
Products segment, reflecting the close tie
of crane building to CM’s flagship hoist
product line.

The Products segment accounts for approxi-
mately 70% of consolidated revenues, and
approximately 75% of Products segment
sales are classified as maintenance, repair,
operating and production (“MROP”) supplies.

Electric, Hand and Air Powered Chain Hoists
Electric Wire Rope Hoists
Air Balancers
Lever and Ratchet Binders and Load 

Securement Devices

Motorized, Manual and Geared Trolleys
Beam Clamps
Wire Rope Worm Gear Drive Hoists
Electric Chain Worm Gear Drive Hoists
Crane Forks and C-Hooks
Coil and Sheet Lifters
Pallet Trucks
Forged Attachments (Hooks, Shackles, etc.)
End Tools (Vacuum Lift, Vertical/Horizontal 

Core Lifters)

Textile Slings
High-Strength Chain and Overhead Lifting 

Chain Slings

Mill Liner and Heavy Construction Bolts
Anchors, Mooring Buoy Chain, Kiln Chain
Mechanical Actuators, Rotary Unions 

and Industrial Jacks

Single/Double Girder Overhead Bridge 

Cranes

Jib and Gantry Cranes
Light Rail Systems

CM’s Solutions-Automotive segment, formed
in 1998 with the acquisition of Automatic
Systems, Inc. (“ASI”), formerly LICO, Inc.,
provides integrated material handling con-
veyor systems to large automotive OEMs.
ASI is positioned as a leader in the project
design, management and implementation of
complex integrated material handling sys-
tems and is a preferred supplier of conveyor
systems to its major customers, including
General Motors, its largest customer.

Overhead Power and Free Conveyor Systems
Inverted Power and Free Conveyor Systems
Autoflex Power and Free Conveyor Systems
Electrified Monorails
Robotic Indexing Systems
Special and Custom Designed Product 

Transfer Systems

Belt Skid and Skillet Conveyors
Specialized Mold, Flask and Casting 

Handling Equipment

Aggregate and Bulk Material Handling 

Equipment

CM’s acquisition of Univeyor A/S established
it as a significant player in the integrated
material handling industry. Univeyor designs,
manufactures and supplies computer-con-
trolled and automated powered roller convey-
ors, warehousing operations and distribution
systems.

CM is also the largest North American man-
ufacturer of operator-controlled manipulators
and manufactures the industry’s widest variety
of standard scissor lift tables.

Custom-Designed Material Handling 

Systems

Unit Handling Powered Roller Conveyor 

Systems

Mini-Load Systems
Pneumatic, Hydraulic and Electric 

Manipulators

Vertical Lift Cylinders
Articulated Jibs
Reaction and Transfer Arms
Custom Engineered Tooling
Single and Double Arm Scissor Lifts
Tilters, Tilt Lifts, Tilt Stations
Stackers, Palletizers, Inverted Lifters
Stacker Cranes
Light Rail Systems
Tire Shredders

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sales /services

competitive strengths

growth drivers

Sold through commercial and consumer dis-
tributors both domestically and internationally

Sold to over 20,000 general, specialty and
service-after-sale distributors and OEMs for
various applications

CM products are distributed by industrial
distributors, rigging shops, crane builders,
catalog houses, material handling specialists
and entertainment equipment distributors 

Industrial crane systems are sold to crane
end-users throughout the U.S. and Canada

Company products are sold directly to the
US and Canadian governments and to
numerous OEM accounts worldwide

CM has an extensive service-after-sale net-
work with over 450 locations

CM has more than 1,100 consumer distribu-
tors, including mass merchandisers, rental
outlets, and hardware, trucking, transporta-
tion and farm hardware distributors
markets (worldwide)
General Manufacturing, Overhead Crane,
Automotive, Construction, Logging, Mining,
Entertainment, Transportation, Power
Generation, Agriculture, Marine, Consumer
and a significant parts and service business

The Company’s integrated material handling
solutions business deals primarily with end-
users

ASI provides custom-engineered systems by
functioning either as a turnkey contractor or
as a supplier working in conjunction with the
customer’s general contractor
markets (worldwide)
Automotive Assembly (General Motors and
Ford over 90%), Automotive Parts, Steel Mill
and Foundry, Paint Processing, General
Industrial

The products and services are highly engi-
neered and are generally built to order and
primarily sold directly to end-users for spe-
cific applications.

Univeyor designs, manufactures and supplies
products and turnkey systems for integrated
material handling systems, based on standard-
ized products and high-tech operating sys-
tems that are tailored to the customers needs.

Scissor lift tables and manipulators are sold
through CM’s internal sales force, specialized
independent distributors and manufacturers
representatives.
markets (worldwide)
Metals, Construction, Food and Beverage,
Storage and Distribution, Electronics,
Consumer Products Manufacturing, Heavy
Machinery, Pharmaceuticals, Warehousing,
Aerospace, Waste Management

CM’s long-standing relationships with and
status as a preferred provider to the largest
and most successful distributors of industrial
products

69% of domestic Products segment sales into
markets where CM is the number one supplier

Largest North American manufacturer of
hoisting equipment

Largest installed base of hoists in North
America, providing strong recurring sales
and parts base

Widely known and respected brand names in
all product categories

Number one market position in load chain
for use in hoists 

Number one market position in other grades
of high-strength load securement chain 

Leading supplier of marine chain to US and
Canadian governments

Second largest North American producer of
forged products and rigging accessories

North America’s largest integrated network
of top overhead crane builders - CraneMartTM

Most Company facilities are certified to ISO
9000 standards

ASI enjoys preferred provider status with
several key customers, bidding on virtually
every GM and Ford material handling sys-
tem project

The average material handling system pro-
ject is growing larger and more complex
thereby eliminating smaller, less integrated
competitors

ASI is one of the few “one-stop shops” for
integrated material handling solutions

ASI’s engineering, estimating, bidding capa-
bilities and project implementation skills are
among the best in the industry 

ASI was one of only 184 companies world-
wide–from over 30,000 supplier companies-
recognized by General Motors as a supplier
of the year, a distinction awarded to ASI for
two consecutive years

Univeyor is a leading provider of integrated
material handling systems with strong mar-
ket share in Europe

CM is the largest manufacturer of operator-
controlled manipulators in North America

The Company manufacturers the industry’s
widest variety of standard scissor lift tables
and custom lift systems

Continual emphasis on innovation and tech-
nology with a number of proprietary material
handling systems and components

Material handling is one of America’s
largest industries

The US market for these products is
expected to grow to $70 billion by 2003

Industry trends driving material handling
growth:

• More outsourcing

• Demands for productivity enhancement

• Increased focus on worker safety

• Growing workforce diversity

• Fewer, larger, more diversified suppliers

Hoists, chain and forged attachments have
significantly lower price points than capital
goods and are considered ‘must have’ items

Approximately 75% of CM’s Products sales
are for maintenance, repair, operating and
production supplies, as contrasted with more
cyclical higher cost capital goods

CM’s strong global presence; 26% of fiscal
2000 products sales were from outside the
U.S.

Several key dynamics are driving the material
handling systems industry:

• Project size growing larger and more 

complex 

• OEMs are outsourcing systems projects 
to turnkey suppliers with broad-based 
capabilities

• Conveyor systems evolving from inventory
storage to integrated production systems

• Automobile model life cycles decreasing 

• U.S. auto manufacturers are reworking
existing plants focusing on productivity

• Manufacturers are focusing on providing 

safety and improved ergonomics

• Automotive and industrial manufacturers 

are purchasing from fewer suppliers

ASI’s blue-chip client list: General Motors,
Ford, Harley-Davidson, American Steel and
Wire, John Deere

Manufacturing and distribution trends to
outsource the design and implementation
of work flow and material handling systems
worldwide

Manipulators provide productivity and safe-
ty enhancements

CM’s blue-chip client list for Solutions-
Industrial: Volvo, Saab-Scania, Chivas Regal,
LEGO, Federal Express, J.I. Case, John
Deere, DuPont, 3M, GTE, Cummins
Engine, Steelcase, Boeing, Saturn, General
Electric and United Biscuits

Significant potential for maintenance and
long-term relationships

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hoists

North America’s largest manufacturer 
of overhead lifting devices

Hoists – 53.6% of CM’s Products
segment sales for fiscal 2000

CM has the leading market share of the North American hoist market 

The Company manufactures a variety of hoist products including electric
chain hoists, electric wire rope hoists, hand-operated hoists, lever tools, air
balancers and air-powered hoists 

These products are sold under a wide variety of recognized brand names

Load capacities for the Company’s hoist product lines range from one-eighth
of a ton to 100 tons

The Company also supplies hoist trolleys, driven manually or by electric
motors, for the industrial, consumer and OEM markets

CM provides comprehensive aftermarket service to product end-users,
through the industry’s most extensive network of independent distributors

The distributor network includes over 450 hoist parts, product, service and
repair centers and 14 chain service centers

The Company’s hoists are sold for use in a variety of general industrial appli-
cations, and the entertainment, consumer, rental, health care and other
emerging product markets

Hoists, chain and forged attachments have significantly lower price points
than capital goods and are considered ‘must have’ items, irrespective of pre-
vailing economic conditions

The industry’s most extensive network
of independent distributors

More CM overhead hoists are in use in North America than all of its
competitors combined.

Product

Electric chain hoists

Electric wire rope hoists

Hoist parts

Hand chain hoists

Lever hoists

6

Domestic
Market Share Position

Market Domestic Product

Segment Sales Percentage

85 %

56 %

60 %

79 %

65 %

1st

1st

1st

1st

1st

19 %

9 %

10 %

5 %

5 %

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CM’s Products segment – Approximately 70% of
consolidated revenues

Approximately 75% of Products segment sales are classified as maintenance, repair, operating
and production (MROP) supplies

The Company enjoys long-standing relationships with and is a preferred provider to many of
North America’s largest and most successful distributors of industrial products

CM’s Brands – The most recognized and
respected in material handling

Strong brand name recognition, together with a large installed base of products and systems,
provides CM with a significant competitive advantage in selling its full product line to existing
and new customers as well as providing repair services and replacement parts

The Company’s products are sold to over 20,000 general, specialty and service-after-sale
distributors and OEMs for various applications 

Electric Wire Rope Hoist

Electric Chain Hoist

Lever Hoist

Hand Chain Hoist

Product Summary – Hoists

Facilities:
16 facilities – 9 North American, 5 European, 3 Asian, 1 African – dedicated to
manufacturing, distribution, sales and servicing of CM’s extensive hoist product line

Sales – FY 2000: $274.3 Million

Product Segment Sales %: 53.6%

Locations

Brands:
Budgit, Camlok, Chester, CM, Coffing, Little Mule, Shaw-Box, Tigrip, Yale

Woodland,CA

Muskegon, MI

Lisbon,OH

Market Position: 
(cid:3) Leading North American hoist manufacturer 
(cid:3) #1 market share in variety of product lines

Markets:
General manufacturing, production industries, 
marine, power generation, automotive assembly,
entertainment, construction, mining, 
crane building, logging, oil and gas production, 
pulp and paper, metals production,
steel processing, warehousing and distribution 

Product Distribution:
Sold primarily through distributors in commercial 
and consumer channels for both domestic and 
international markets

Damascus, VA
Abingdon VA

Wadesboro,NC

Forrest City, Arkansas

Chester, England
(2 facilities)

Velbert, Germany

Vierzon, France

Pfaffstatten, Austria

Mexico City, Mexico

Santiago
Tianguistenco, 
Mexico

Hangzhou, China
(2 facilities)

Hat Yai, Thailand

Durban, S. Africa

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cranes

CraneMart™ is North America’s largest 
integrated network of top overhead 
crane builders

Crane components – 14.4% of CM’s
Product segment sales

The Company entered the crane manufacturing market through the
August 1998 acquisition of Abell-Howe 

The acquisition of Abell-Howe was the first step in the development of
the Company’s CraneMartTM strategy

CraneMartTM is a nationally recognized marketing program consisting of
Company-owned and independent crane builders  

CraneMartTM participants utilize Columbus McKinnon’s products in their
own offerings and receive a full range of services from the Company
including best pricing, parts distribution rights, dedicated technical sup-
port and shared resources

CM’s merger with GL in March 1999 and acquisition of WECO in April
1999 established it as a significant participant in the strategically impor-
tant crane building and servicing markets

The Company’s crane builders design, engineer, manufacture, install and
service bridge, jib, and gantry cranes for end-users

CM’s crane components are distributed through crane builders that
design, build, install and service industrial crane systems such as bridge,
gantry and jib cranes and light-rail systems

CraneMart Service Truck

Bridge Crane

Single Girder Cranes

End Truck Crane Components

8

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Overhead Cranes – $74 million in sales for fiscal 2000

CM is one of North America’s largest manufacturers of crane components, under the Chester Hoist, Shaw-Box®, and Yale®
brands

Crane builders represent a specialized distribution channel for electric wire rope hoists and other crane components

CM’s products and services sold include the design and manufacture of hoists and other crane components, including end
trucks, electronic controls and trolleys

The Company supplies hoist trolleys, driven manually or by electric motors, for the industrial, consumer and OEM markets

CraneMartTM is housed in CM’s Products segment, reflecting the close tie of crane building to CM’s flagship hoist product line

CraneMart™ – A strategic initiative

CraneMartTM is North America’s largest integrated network of top overhead crane builders and CM is a leading manufac-
turer of crane components 

The Company has developed
its leading market position over
its 125-year history by empha-
sizing technological innovation,
manufacturing excellence and
superior after-sale service

Product

Jib cranes

Trolleys

Electric wire rope hoists

Market
Domestic
Market Share Position

Domestic Product
Segment Sales Percentage

45 %

86 %

56 %

1st

1st

1st

1 %

1 %

9 %

Product Summary – Cranes

Facilities:
The Company has 17 North American facilities and 1 joint venture in Egypt dedicated to designing, manufacturing, distribution, sales
and servicing of its overhead bridge, jib and gantry cranes.

Sales - FY 2000: $74 Million

Product Segment Sales %: 14.4%

Brands:
Abell-Howe, CraneMart™, Gaffey, Larco, WECO

Locations

Forest Park, IL

Eureka, IL

Market Position:
(cid:3) North America’s largest integrated network of top overhead crane builders 
(cid:3) North America’s leading manufacturer of hoist and crane components

Claremore, OK

Markets:
General Manufacturing, Marine, Agricultural, Construction, Crane Building, 
Transportation, Pulp and Paper, Primary Metals Production, Steel Processing, 
Warehousing, Distribution Centers, Food and Beverage 

Product Distribution:
Sold through CraneMartTM – North America’s largest integrated network 
of top overhead crane builders – and independent crane builders that 
design, build, install and service industrial crane systems

Cambridge, ONT

Odessa, TX
Longview, TX

Cleveland, TX
Fort Worth, TX

Houma, LA
Broussard, LA

Stony Creek, ONT (2 facilities)

St. Peters, MO

Marietta, GA
Jacksonville
Beach, FL

Bryant, AR
Addis, LA

Cairo, Egypt
(joint venture)

9

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chain

and forged attachments

CM is the leading manufacturer 
of alloy and carbon steel chain 
in North America

Chain & Forged Attachments – 
24.4% of CM’s Products segment
sales for fiscal 2000

CM holds number one market share in high-strength carbon steel chain 
used in the transportation industry and for load chain used in hoists

Federal regulations in the United States require the use of alloy chain, which 
CM first developed, for overhead lifting applications because of its strength 
and wear characteristics

CM developed the first welded alloy overhead lifting chain in 1933 

The Company’s Herc-Alloy brand is sold for use in overhead lifting, pulling and
restraining applications  

CM manufactures three grades, and multiple sizes, of carbon steel welded-link chain
for various load securement and other non-overhead lifting applications 

The Company manufactures a complete line of alloy and carbon steel closed-die
forged attachments, including hooks, shackles, hitch pins, master links and loadbinders

Forged attachments are used in virtually all types of chain and wire rope rigging
applications in a variety of industries

CM’s AgWorksTM is an import product line of carbon steel hardware targeted at the
part-time farmer or hobbyist 

The acquisition of Lister Bolt & Chain, Ltd., in December 1996, provided a line of kiln
chain sold primarily to the cement and lime kiln manufacturing market 

Lister Chain & Forge Inc. manufactures anchor and buoy chain sold primarily to the
US and Canadian governments

CM also sells chain, smaller hoists and forged attachments to the consumer market
through hardware and farm equipment distributors, mass merchandisers and equip-
ment rental outlets

The Company produces specific application forgings for a number of OEM customers

CM provides prompt aftermarket service to product end-users, through a network of
independent distributors, at over 450 hoist parts, product, service and repair centers
and 14 chain service centers

Hoists, chain and forged attachments have significantly lower price points than capital
goods and are considered ‘must have’ items, irrespective of prevailing economic
conditions

10

Forged Attachments

Chain Slings

Welded Chain

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CM’s significant competitive advantage

The Company enjoys long-standing relationships with, and is a preferred provider to,
many of North America’s largest and most successful industrial products distributors

CM’s portfolio of brand names is among the most recognized and respected in the
material handling industry

The Company believes that it offers the most extensive line of material handling prod-
ucts to the widest range of distribution channels for application in the most diverse
range of end markets

Strong brand name recognition, together with a large installed base of products and
systems, provides CM with a significant competitive advantage in selling its full product
line to existing and new customers 

The Company’s products and customer base are highly diversified; no single product
accounts for more than 1% and no individual customer accounts for more than 5% of
net Products segment sales

The leading manufacturer of alloy 
and high strength chain

CM developed the first welded alloy-steel overhead lifting chain in 1933. With the
acquisition of Lister, CM became the leading supplier of marine chain to both the US
and Canadian governments.

Product

Grade 43 chain

Grade 70 chain

Grade 80 chain

Load chain

Domestic
Market
Market Share Position

Domestic Product
Segment Sales Percentage

24 %

31 %

34 %

40 %

1st

1st

1st

1st

1 %

2 %

2 %

4 %

Product Summary – Chain & Forged Attachments

Facilities:
The Company has 15 North American facilities and 1 in Europe dedicated to
manufacturing and distribution of chain and forged attachments.

Sales - FY 2000: $125 Million

Product Segment Sales %: 24.4%

Midland
Forge

Brands:
Big Orange, CM, Dixie Industries, Durbin Durco, Hammerlok, Herc-Alloy, 
Lister, Midland Forge

Seattle, WA

Tonawanda,NY

Blaine, WA 

Cedar Rapids, IA 

Locations

Market Position:
(cid:3) Largest North American producer of high-strength carbon steel chain used 

Ontario,CA

for load securement

(cid:3) Largest North American producer of load chain for hoists 
(cid:3) Leading supplier of marine chain to the US and Canadian governments
(cid:3) Second largest North American producer of forged products and rigging

Romeoville,IL

Atlanta,GA

accessories

Markets:
General manufacturing, marine, agricultural, automotive assembly, 
entertainment, construction, mining, crane building, transportation, 
logging, oil and gas, primary metals production and steel processing

Product Distribution:
Chain and forged attachments are distributed to the industrial and consumer
markets through industrial distributors, specialty distributors and mass 
merchandiser outlets

Lexington,TN 

Reform, AL

Chattanooga, TN
(2 facilities)

Houston, TX

Edmonton, ALB

Rotterdam, Netherlands 

Richmond, BC

Cobourg, ONT 

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solutions

Industrial

CM is a leading provider of integrated material
handling systems

Solutions Industrial – 9.3% of CM’s sales
for fiscal 2000

The Solutions-Industrial segment is engaged primarily in the design, 
fabrication and installation of integrated workstation and facility-wide 
material handling systems

Integrated material handling systems are designed to meet specific 
applications of end-users to increase productivity

The delivered products of the Solutions-Industrial segment include 
various types of conveyor systems as well as operator-controlled 
manipulators, scissor lift tables, lode rail and tire shredders

CM acquired Univeyor A/S in fiscal 1998, positioning itself as a leader 
in the project design, management and implementation of integrated 
material handling systems

The Company’s Univeyor operation specializes in designing computer-controlled and automated
powered roller conveyors for use in warehouse operations and distribution systems

The Company supplies custom-designed hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric manipulators for a
wide variety of applications where the user requires multi-axial movement in a harsh or repetitive
environment

CM’s Solutions-Industrial segment, positions the Company as a leading provider of integrated
material handling systems for a wide range of industries in the U.S. and Europe

North America’s largest manufacturer of operator-
controlled manipulators

CM manufactures two lines of sophisticated operator-controlled manipulators under the brand
names Positech and Conco

American Lifts manufactures the industry’s widest variety of standard scissor lift tables and custom
lift systems

Product

Domestic
Market
Market Share Position

Domestic Product
Segment Sales Percentage

Manipulators

50 %

1st

3 %

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Powered Roller Conveyor

Scissor Lift Table

Manipulator

Material Handling Systems – the marketplace

The products and services are highly engineered, are generally built to order, and are primarily sold directly to end-users
for specific applications

Conveyors are key components of many material handling systems, reflecting their high functionality for transporting
material throughout manufacturing and warehouse facilities 

Scissor lift tables enhance workplace ergonomics and are sold primarily to customers in the manufacturing, construction,
general industrial and air cargo industries

Manipulators are designed to perform lifting, rotating, turning, tilting, reaching and positioning tasks in a manufacturing
process

The products and services of the Solutions-Industrial segment are sold primarily to large corporate end-users, including
Federal Express, Volvo, United Biscuits, Lego, Chivas Regal, J.I. Case, John Deere, DuPont, 3M, GTE, Cummins Engine,
Steelcase, Boeing, Saturn, General Electric and other industrial companies  

Many of CM’s customers and end-users are outsourcing the design, management and implementation of both workstation
and facility-wide material handling systems 

CM’s products enable many workplace tasks to be performed safely, efficiently and with less physical stress  

Increasing diversity in the workforce should continue to increase demand for CM’s products

Product Summary – Solutions-Industrial

Facilities:
5 U.S. facilities that manufacture Solutions-Industrial products and 4 European facilities that design and fabricate integrated mate-
rial handling systems

Sales - FY 2000: $69 Million

Consolidated Sales %: 9.3%

Brands:
Univeyor, American Lifts, Conco, HSC, Positech

Locations

Market Position:
(cid:3) Largest manufacturer of operator-controlled manipulators in North America
(cid:3) A leading provider of integrated material handling systems with strong

market shares in the US and Europe

(cid:3) Manufactures the industry’s widest variety of standard scissor lift tables

and custom lift systems

Markets:
General manufacturing, agricultural, entertainment, transportation, primary
metals production and steel processing, warehousing and distribution centers,
food and beverage

Product Distribution:
(cid:3) CM generally acts as a prime contractor with turnkey responsibility for

integrated material handling conveyor systems, or as a supplier working
closely with the customer’s general contractor through a competitive bid
process

(cid:3) Scissor lift tables and manipulators are sold through CM’s internal sales force,
specialized independent distributors and manufacturers’ representatives

Tonawanda, NY

Laurens, IA 

Greensburg, IN 

Sarasota, FL

Moblevale, AR

Leicester, England

Arden, Denmark (2 facilities)

Hobro, Denmark

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solutions

Automotive

ASI is a leading global provider of turnkey
material handling conveyor systems

Solutions-Automotive – 21.2% of CM’s sales
for fiscal 2000

CM’s Solutions-Automotive segment, formed in 1998 with the acquisition 
of Automatic Systems, Inc. (ASI), formerly LICO, Inc., provides integrated 
material handling conveyor systems primarily to large automotive OEMs

CM has positioned itself as a leader in the design, 
management and implementation of complex integrated 
material handling systems that are designed to meet specific 
applications of end-users to increase productivity

ASI’s conveyor systems deliver products of various size and weight at moderate
speeds to multiple locations within a manufacturing or assembly plant

ASI’s versatile and cost-effective material handling conveyor systems are used pri-
marily in automotive and agribusiness equipment plants for assembly and paint
operations  

ASI produces a full range of high-lift and low-lift forks for automotive body trans-
fers between systems, automatic drop sections and steel mill coil transfer cars

Electrified monorail systems are cleaner, quieter, ergonomically correct and
require a smaller footprint than traditional power and free systems, generally used
in automotive body shop and general assembly plant applications

The Company is a preferred supplier of conveyor systems to its major customers,
including General Motors, its largest customer

Overhead Power-and-Free
Conveyor

Parts Delivery System

Electrified Monorail

14

®

Automatic
Systems,Inc.

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Trends driving the automotive solutions marketplace

The average material handling system project is growing larger and more complex thereby eliminating smaller, less inte-
grated competitors

Automotive OEMs are outsourcing systems projects to turnkey suppliers with broad-based capabilities, such as ASI, as they
reduce their in-house technical staffs

Conveyor systems are evolving from WIP inventory storage and delivery functions to integrated production systems

Automobile model life cycles have been decreasing for the past decade leading to more frequent retooling and material
handling system changeovers

U.S. automotive manufacturers are focusing on productivity by reworking existing plants, and the emphasis on increased
efficiency through further automation will continue for U.S. manufacturers

Manufacturers are focusing on providing safety and improved ergonomics in their facilities with electrified monorail systems
emerging as a preferred system

Automotive and industrial manufacturers are purchasing from fewer suppliers with comprehensive in-house capabilities to
provide turnkey solutions

New competitors including foreign companies have entered the automotive conveyor market as existing competitors have
exited or failed as a result of recent pricing pressures

ASI is a preferred supplier of conveyor systems to its
major customers

ASI was one of only 184 companies worldwide – from over 30,000 supplier companies – recognized by General Motors as
a GM supplier of the year, two years in a row 

ASI is one of the few “one-stop shops” for integrated material handling solutions

To broaden its customer base, ASI is pursuing other opportunities with Tier I and Tier II automotive parts suppliers, steel
mills, foundries and general industrial customers

Product Summary – Solutions-Automotive

Facilities:
7 North American facilities that design, engineer and fabricate complete
integrated material handling systems

Locations

Sales - FY 2000: $156 Million

Consolidated Sales %: 21.2%

Brand:
Automatic Systems, Inc.

Market Position:
One of the leading material handling systems providers to the automotive
industry

Markets:
Automotive Assembly (General Motors and Ford over 90%), Automotive
Parts, Steel Mill and Foundry, Paint Processing, General Industrial

Hamilton, ONT

Product Distribution:
Direct to end-users through a competitive bid process

Lansing, MI

Brighton, MI

Kansas City, MO area
(4 facilities)

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industrial

components

A comprehensive line of lifting and positioning
equipment and components

Mechanical Actuator

Industrial components – 7.5% of CM’s
Product segment sales for fiscal 2000

Rotary Union

CM‘s Duff-Norton division designs and manufactures mechanical and electromechanical actu-
ators, mechanical jacks and rotary unions

The Company’s acquisition of Raccords Gautier, a French rotary union and swivel joint manu-
facturer, complemented the product line and expanded global reach

Actuators are linear motion devices used in a variety of industries, including paper, steel pro-
cessing and aerospace industries

Rotary unions are piping devices which introduce heating or cooling liquids from a fixed pipe
into the interiors of rotating drums in industrial processes

Duff-Norton is one of the largest manufacturers of heavy-duty industrial jacks – lifting devices
used for the repair and maintenance of railroad tracks, locomotives and industrial machinery 

Industrial Jack

Product Summary – Industrial Components

Facilities: 1 US and 1 European manufacturing facilities

Sales - FY 2000: $38 Million

Product Segment Sales %: 7.5%

Brands: Duff-Norton, Raccords Gautier

Market Position:
Leading domestic market share for mechanical actuators

Markets:
Pulp and paper, primary metals production and steel processing, aerospace,
transportation, general manufacturing, textiles, rubber, plastics, printing and
machine tool industries

Product Distribution:
Power transmission distributors, direct to OEMs

Locations

Product

Market
Domestic
Market Share Position

Domestic Product
Segment Sales Percentage

Mechanical Actuators

45 %

1st

5 %

16

Romeny-Sur-Marne, 
France

Charlotte,NC

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shareholder and corporate information

Company Information on the Internet
Information of interest to shareholders, potential investors,
customers, vendors and employees is available on-line. For
CM’s news, financial documents, stock quotes, and an
opportunity to e-mail senior management, visit CM at:
www.cmworks.com

Annual Meeting
As previously announced, the annual meeting of share-
holders will take place later in 2000, but no earlier than
October 1, 2000. Shareholders will be notified of the meeting
date, time and location when it is scheduled.

Shareholder Information
As of March 31, 2000, there were 307 shareholders of
record of the Company’s common stock. In addition, 1,566
Columbus McKinnon employees owned shares through the
Company ESOP. Approximately 2,000 additional sharehold-
ers held shares in “street name.”

According to the March 31, 2000 SEC filings, 44 institutional
investors own 49% of CM’s outstanding shares.

Dividend Policy
The Company has continuously paid a cash dividend on its
common stock since 1988. The Board of Directors, when
justified by the financial condition of the Company, intends
to continue its present policy of declaring quarterly divi-
dends. The Company has paid a quarterly dividend of $.07
per share since July 1996. However, the amount of future
dividends, if any, will always depend on the Company’s
earnings and capital requirements, and on such other fac-
tors as the Board of Directors may deem relevant. 

Investor Relations Contact
Investor information is available on CM’s Web site,
www.cmworks.com

It may also be requested by calling or writing:

Lois H. Demler
Corporate Secretary
Columbus McKinnon Corporation
140 Audubon Parkway
Amherst, NY 14228-1197
(716) 689-5409
lois.demler@cmworks.com

Transfer Agent
Please direct questions about lost certificates, change of
address and consolidation of accounts to the Company’s
transfer agent and registrar:

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company
40 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005
(212) 936-5100
http://www.amstock.com

Conference Call Recordings
A recording of the Company’s most recent quarterly earnings
release conference call is available year-round, toll-free at
1-800-925-0870.

Analyst Coverage
These firms produced research about Columbus McKinnon
during fiscal years 1999 or 2000. Information may be
obtained by contacting the following security analysts:

Michael Braig, A.G. Edwards & Sons
(314) 955-5894

John Inch, Bear Stearns & Co.
(212) 272-4054

John Walthausen, C. L. King & Associates
(212) 421-3242

Ed LaVarnway, First Albany Corp.
(518) 447-8500

JoAnna Shatney, Goldman Sachs & Co.
(212) 902-1079

Independent Auditors
Ernst & Young, LLP
50 Fountain Plaza, 14th Floor
Buffalo, NY 14202-2297

Corporate Counsel for Securities Matters
Lippes, Silverstein, Mathias & Wexler, LLP
700 Guaranty Building
Buffalo, NY 14202

General Counsel
Phillips, Lytle, Hitchcock, Blaine & Huber, LLP
3400 HSBC Center
Buffalo, NY 14203

The following are trademarks of Columbus McKinnon Corporation regis-
tered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: CM, ASI, Big Orange,
Bossman, Budgit, Cady, Coffing, Conco, Cyclone, Duff-Norton,
Hammerlok, Herc-Alloy, Lift-Tech, LTI, Little Mule, Lodestar, Shaw-Box,
Tigrip, Yale.

The following are trademarks of Columbus McKinnon Corporation: Abell-
Howe, Camlock, CM Max, CraneMart, Deeweld, Gaffey, HSC, Larco,
LICO, Positech, Raccords Gautier, Rotary Union, Univeyor, WECO.

EVA is a trademark of Stern Stewart registered in the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office.

71

board of directors

Herbert P. Ladds, Jr. was elected Chairman of the Board of Columbus McKinnon Corporation in January 1998, and has been
a Director of the Company since 1973. He served as Chief Executive Officer of the Company from 1987 until his retirement in
July 1998. He also served as President from 1982 until January 1998. Prior to this, he served as Executive Vice President from
1981 to 1982, and Vice President - Sales and Marketing from 1971 to 1980. At age 67, he is also a Director of Utica Mutual
Insurance Company, R.P. Adams Co., Inc., Fibron Products, Inc., and Eastman Machine Company. Among his not-for-profit
activities, he serves on the boards of Albright-Knox Art Gallery and the Martin House Restoration Corporation.

David Black, age 63, has been a Director of the Company since 1995. He has served as Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive Officer of JLG Industries, Inc. since 1999, and as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
from 1993 to 1999. Prior thereto, he served as President of JLG Industries, Inc. He is also a member of Columbus
McKinnon’s Audit Committee. 

Richard H. Fleming, was named a Director in 1999. Fleming, age 52, is currently Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer of USG Corporation. Prior to his appointment as Chief Financial Officer of USG in 1994, Mr. Fleming held
several executive positions in finance at USG, including Treasurer, and Assistant Treasurer and Director, Corporate Finance.
Mr. Fleming joined USG in 1984 following its acquisition of Masonite Corporation, where he was Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer. He also serves as President of the Board of Directors of the Child Welfare League of America in
Washington D.C. Mr. Fleming serves as a member of Columbus McKinnon’s Compensation and Nomination/Succession
Committee and Audit Committee.

Randolph A. Marks, age 64, has been a Director of the Company since 1986. A private investor, he is a retired Chairman of the
Board of American Brass Company, Director and Acting Chairman of Computer Task Group, Inc., and a Director of Delaware
North Companies, Inc. He is also a member of Columbus McKinnon’s Compensation and Nomination/Succession Committee.

Robert L. Montgomery, Jr. has served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer since 1987, and Director since
1982. Montgomery, age 62, has been with Columbus McKinnon since 1974. Prior thereto, he was a certified public
accountant with Price Waterhouse LLP. He also serves on the Kaleida Health System Trustee Council and the Beechwood
Continuing Care Board of Directors.

Carlos Pascual, age 55, has been a Director of the Company since August 1998. A 30-year veteran of Xerox Corporation,
he currently serves as Executive Vice President, Xerox Corporation, and President of Developing Markets Operations for
Xerox. Mr. Pascual is Chairman of Xerox Modicorp and serves on the Board of the China-U.S. Business Council. He is a
member of Columbus McKinnon’s Compensation and Nomination/Succession Committee and Audit Committee.

Timothy T. Tevens, age 44, was named a Director in January 1998, in conjunction with his promotion to President. Having
served as Chief Operating Officer since October 1996, Mr. Tevens succeeded Mr. Ladds as Chief Executive Officer in July
1998. He joined the Company in 1991 as Vice President of Information Services. He is a director of the American Supply &
Machinery Manufacturers Association.

Corporate Secretary
Lois H. Demler - Mrs. Demler has served Columbus McKinnon for 41 years in various capacities, 14 of those in her current
position. She also serves as the Company’s investor relations contact.

corporate officers

Timothy T. Tevens, President and Chief Executive Officer
Robert L. Montgomery, Jr., Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Karen L. Howard, Vice President, Controller
Ned T. Librock, Vice President, Sales and Marketing
Ernst K. H. Marburg, Vice President, Total Quality Standards
Joseph J. Owen, Vice President, Strategic Integration
Lois H. Demler, Corporate Secretary

72

board of directors

Herbert Ladds

Robert Montgomery

Timothy Tevens

David Black

Randolph Marks

Carlos Pascual

Richard Fleming

executive committee

Bob Montgomery

Ned Librock

Joe Owen

Tim Tevens

Karen Howard

Lois Demler, 
Corporate Secretary

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Columbus McKinnon Corporation

140 Audubon Parkway
Amherst, New York 14228-1197

716-689-5400    http://www.cmworks.com