Columbus McKinnon
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

FISCAL YEAR 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  Material Handling - Easily and Safely Columbus McKinnon (NASDAQ: CMCO) is a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer and marketer of motion control products, technologies, systems and services that efficiently and ergonomically move, lift, position and secure materials. Headquartered in Buffalo, New York, our key products include hoists, cranes, actuators, rigging tools, light rail work stations, and digital power and motion control systems. We are focused on commercial and industrial applications that require the safety and quality provided by our superior design and engineering know-how. Financial Summary (in thousands, except per share, margin and ratio data) Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Income Statement Data Net sales Gross profit Gross margin Income from operations Operating margin Net income Net income per diluted share Non-GAAP adjusted net income per diluted share1 Balance Sheet Data Total assets Total liabilities Total debt Total debt, net of cash Total shareholders’ equity Total debt/capitalization Total debt, net of cash/net total capitalization Other Data Operating cash flow Depreciation and amortization Capital expenditures Working capital (excl. cash and debt)/sales 2 3 4 Days sales outstanding 4 Inventory turns 4 Employees $ 839,419 284,574 $ 637,123 192,932 $ 597,103 187,263 33.9 % 70,099 8.4 % 22,065 0.95 2.01 $ $ 30.3 % 25,973 4.1 % 8,984 0.43 1.47 $ $ $ 1,142,446 734,217 363,318 300,297 408,229 $ $ 1,113,843 772,493 421,319 343,728 341,350 $ 47.1 % 42.4 % 55.2 % 50.2 % $ $ 69,661 36,136 (14,515) $ $ 60,450 25,162 (14,368) 17.9 % 54.3 3.7 3,328 18.6 % 46.2 4.1 3,380 $ $ $ $ $ $ 31.4 % 40,570 6.8 % 19,579 0.96 1.72 772,851 486,542 267,632 216,029 286,309 48.3 % 43.0 % 52,645 20,531 (22,320) 21.5 % 49.2 3.6 2,896 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 579,643 181,607 31.3 % 54,648 9.4 % 27,190 1.34 1.81 566,324 297,605 126,712 63,656 268,719 32.0 % 19.2 % 38,254 14,562 (17,243) 20.8 % 49.2 4.0 2,747 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 583,290 181,048 31.0 % 54,350 9.3 % 30,421 1.52 1.74 598,674 307,388 152,293 39,984 291,286 34.3 % 12.1 % 29,507 13,380 (20,846) 21.7 % 52.9 4.5 2,626 1 The Company b elieves that non-GAAP adjusted net income per diluted share is a meaningful measure of financial performance in comparing period-to-period results. Please see the tab le at the b ack of this report for a reconciliation of GAAP net income per diluted share to non-GAAP adjusted net income per diluted share. This information should b e considered in addition to, b ut not as a sub stitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. 2 FY2015 working capital/sales excludes the impact of the Stahlhammer Bommern acquisition, which closed on Decemb er 30, 2014. 3 FY2016 working capital/sales excludes the impact of the Magnetek acquisition, which closed on Septemb er 2, 2015. 4 FY2017 working capital/sales, days sales outstanding and inventory turns exclude the impact of the STAHL acquisition, which closed on January 31, 2017. Sales by Geographic Market Sales by Product Category Latin America & Asia Pacific Canada 4% 10% Engineered Products ~10% Europe, Middle East & Africa 33% 53% U.S. Crane Solutions ~45% ~45% Industrial Products FY2018 Sales: $839.4 million Industrial Products • Manual Chain Hoist • Electric Chain Hoist • Rigging / Clamps • Industrial Winches • High Capacity Hooks Crane Solutions • Cranes, Wire Rope Hoists • Drives and Controls • Crane Kits & Components • Jibs, Workstations Engineered Products • Linear & Mechanical Actuators • Lifting Tables • Rail & Road Lifting Systems • Actuation Systems Backlog (in millions) Cash Flow from Operations (in millions) Total Debt, Net of Cash (in millions) $177.4 $154.5 $69.7 $60.5 $52.6 $343.7 $300.3 $216.0 $98.6 $86.8 $85.2 $38.3 $29.5 $63.7 $40.0 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 Dear Shareholders, We had an exceptionally strong year in fiscal 2018, supported by healthy industrial conditions globally and the actions we took to regain market share and drive growth. Revenue was up 32% to $839 million, including the acquisition of STAHL CraneSystems, which closed in January 2017. Organic revenue growth, excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange, was a notable 7%. Solid execution drove margin expansion as well. Adjusted operating margin1 expanded to 9.6% compared with 7.8% in the prior year. Net income was $22.1 million. Excluding the impact related to the acquisition, changes in the tax law and other unusual items, adjusted net income2 was up 52% to $46.8 million. On a per diluted share basis, adjusted net income was $2.01, up from $1.47 in fiscal 2017. Empowering our improvements was the decision to narrow our focus in fiscal 2018 to the areas that would deliver the best results for us: (cid:120) STAHL value creation: We exceeded our goal of $5 million in synergies. (cid:120) Leverage Magnetek technology: We launched the full-featured Lodestar smart hoist, ideally suited to address the industrial automation trend. (cid:120) Strengthen our core: We improved product availability and reduced lead times. (cid:120) Pay down debt: We surpassed our initial $45 million to $50 million goal and paid down $60 million in debt, reducing our net leverage ratio to 2.6x at fiscal year-end. Importantly, we established our business operating system: E-PAS™ (Earnings Power Acceleration System). A critical element of strengthening our core, E-PAS enabled decision-making that both facilitated growth at a faster pace than the market and better conversion to the bottom line. Building a Better Business Model: Blueprint 2021 We offer a strong value proposition. We hold the leading position in attractive end markets in the U.S. and Latin America, and are not far behind the leaders in Europe. Our brands are trusted in the markets we serve and provide exceptionally strong customer retention. However, to create a business model that provides a stronger earnings profile and opportunity for greater growth, we needed a roadmap that will lead to a more customer-focused organization, creating greater value for our shareholders. With the introduction of our new strategy, Blueprint 2021, we have set the direction for furthering our pivot into an industrial technology company through a three-phased process. Our strategy is to transform into a high-performing industrial technology company and to increase our earnings power by self-funding select key initiatives. Phase I: Get Control and Achieve Results delivered the outstanding results of fiscal 2018, which were a validation of our overall strategy and an indication of the strength of our approach. Phase II is focused on Operational Excellence and Profitable Growth. We initiated actions under this phase in the latter half of fiscal 2018. Activities in fiscal 2019 will be focused on this phase. Phase III of the plan is about Business Development. Our vision is to become a leading industrial technology company in intelligent, safe and productive motion control. During this phase, we will assess our current product portfolio and identify where we can be an active consolidator of fragmented 1 See the reconciliation of non-GAAP operating income and margins to GAAP operating income and margins in the tables included in this annual report. 2 See the reconciliation of non-GAAP net income to GAAP net income in the tables included in this annual report. niche markets for the positioning and control of materials. This phase will include the disposition of assets that are not aligned with our vision or business profile. Advancing Phase II: Four Focus Areas for Fiscal 2019 1. Simplify the business: In November 2017, we restructured the Company into three product groups. We looked from the customer back to assess how we can be more responsive to customers and be in the best position to identify solutions that address their most challenging problems in motion control for material handling. Encompassing our global focus, our new structure is comprised of the following: o Industrial Products o Crane Solutions o Engineered Products We plan to further simplify our business through product line and platform rationalization. We currently support an overly complicated product offering that has been put together over many years from the consolidation of the hoist industry, especially in the U.S. In fact, the proliferation of our products is confusing to our customers and has driven a higher cost structure. As an example of simplification, we expect to leverage a global wire rope hoist platform to streamline our products, which we believe will resonate well with our customers and capture greater market share. Success will be recognized by achieving EBITDA3 margins greater than 15% throughout market cycles and delivering returns on invested capital in the double digits. Improve productivity: We plan to exceed our original objective of $11 million in synergies from the STAHL acquisition and provide an incremental $4 million in annual savings. By simplifying the organization and leveraging STAHL’s product platform and go-to-market strategy, we expect to achieve our $15 million goal while creating a more profitable business model. This effort should result in lower material costs, reduced labor requirements, improved working capital utilization and shortened product lead times. We believe that expanding gross margin and free cash flow will validate our success in this focus area. Ramp the growth engine: Future growth will be driven by focusing on solving tough customer problems. To do a good job of addressing customer needs, we must leverage online resources for ease of doing business. We will also incorporate relevant technologies that enable higher yield, better productivity and improved safety. This includes how we go to market, how we interface with customers, and the value added capabilities of the products we develop. This has everything to do with investing in the right technologies and positioning the business for growth. Our measure of success will be in the level and quality of inquiries, our response time with quotes, and the contribution of new products and engineered-to-order products to sales growth. Transform the culture: Columbus McKinnon is undergoing significant change and this involves a great deal of commitment by our team. We have defined our mission and vision, and established new values that we must embrace to fully execute our strategy. While it may appear simple, the intensity to affect this change is not easy, although we are making excellent progress. We applaud our team for their effort and dedication to the Company, to our customers and to the strong legacy of value that Columbus McKinnon represents. 2. 3. 4. 3 EBITDA is defined as adjusted earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization. We expect fiscal 2019 to be another strong year, but not without its challenges. It is a critical year for effective execution in order to position us for Phase III of Blueprint 2021, where we further drive toward a high-performing industrial technology company. In parallel with significant initiatives in the business, your Board of Directors has been advancing our governance plans. This included elimination of the shareholder rights agreement and the plurality voting policy. The Board has also been systematically implementing its long-term succession plan to provide for continuity and to enable a composition best suited not only for now, but well into the future. Within the last year, we have appointed new Audit Committee and Compensation Committee Chairs, due to the planned retirement of Stephen Rabinowitz at our Annual Meeting in July. Stephen has been a great contributor over the 14 years he has served on our Board and we appreciate the wisdom and experience he has provided. Two new directors, Kathy Roedel and Aziz Aghili, are already in place, bringing additional diversity and critical skill sets that support our current and future direction. In addition, we have rotations planned for the Governance Chair and Board Chair positions later this year. We believe we are well positioned to provide both the leadership and oversight needed for success as we continue executing our business strategy. These are exciting times for Columbus McKinnon and we hope you share in our excitement. Sincerely, Mark D. Morelli President and Chief Executive Officer June 7, 2018 Ernest R. Verebelyi Chairman of the Board of Directors SEC FORM 10-K This page intentionally left blank. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (FEE REQUIRED) For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 Commission file number 0-27618 _________________ COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) New York (State of Incorporation) 16-0547600 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 205 Crosspoint Parkway Getzville, New York 14068 (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) (716) 689-5400 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) _________________ Securities pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act: NONE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value (and rights attached thereto) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Act. . 1 Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Emerging Growth Company Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of September 30, 2017 (the second fiscal quarter in which this Form 10-K relates) was approximately $868 million, based upon the closing price of the Company’s common shares as quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market on such date. The number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding as of May 25, 2018 was 23,090,255 shares. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Registrant’s proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the Registrant’s fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. 2 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K This annual report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by such statements, including general economic and business conditions, conditions affecting the industries served by us and our subsidiaries, conditions affecting our customers and suppliers, competitor responses to our products and services, the overall market acceptance of such products and services, the integration of acquisitions and other factors set forth herein under “Risk Factors.” We use words like “will,” “may,” “should,” “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “future” and other similar expressions to identify forward looking statements. These forward looking statements speak only as of their respective dates and we do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect any future events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated changes. Our actual operating results could differ materially from those predicted in these forward-looking statements, and any other events anticipated in the forward- looking statements may not actually occur. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information Part III. Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of Registrant Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services Part IV Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 4 5 12 15 16 17 17 18 20 22 33 34 87 87 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 Item 1. Business General PART I Columbus McKinnon is a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer and marketer of motion control products, technologies, systems and services that efficiently and ergonomically move, lift, position and secure materials. Key products include hoists, cranes, actuators, rigging tools, light rail work stations, and digital power and motion control systems. The Company is focused on commercial and industrial applications that require the safety and quality provided by its superior design and engineering know- how. Our products are used for mission critical industrial applications where we have established trusted brands with significant customer retention. Our targeted market verticals includes general industrial, construction and infrastructure, mining, oil & gas, energy, aerospace, transportation, automotive, heavy equipment manufacturing and entertainment. In the U.S., we are the market leader for hoists and material handling drive systems, our principal line of products, as well as certain chain, forged fittings, and actuator products. We have achieved this leadership position through strategic acquisitions, our extensive, diverse, and well-established distribution channels and our commitment to product innovation and quality. We believe the breadth of our product offering and expansive distribution channels provide us a strategic advantage in our markets. Additionally, we believe we are the market leader for manual hoist and actuator products in Europe. Our market leadership and strong brands enable us to sell more products than our competition through our extensive distribution channels in the U.S. and Europe. The acquisition of STAHL CraneSystems (STAHL) in fiscal 2017, which is well renowned for its custom engineering of lifting solutions and hoisting technology, advanced our position as a global leader in the production of explosion-protected hoists. STAHL serves independent crane builders and Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) firms, providing products to a variety of end markets including automotive, general manufacturing, oil and gas, steel and concrete, power generation, as well as process industries such as chemical and pharmaceuticals. Our business strategy, Blueprint 2021, is a three-phased strategy to increase the earnings power of the company and transform us into a growth-oriented industrial technology company. The goal of our strategy is to increase our earnings power and expand EBITDA margins, as well as improve our Return on Invested Capital. Phase I, which began early in fiscal 2018, was focused on attaining operational control and instilling a performance based culture to drive results. We formed four teams of cross-functional experts (tiger teams) to address specific areas: • Grow the North American core business, • Leverage the Magnetek acquisition, • Create value with the STAHL acquisition, and • Pay down debt incurred as a result of the STAHL acquisition. We also instituted a new operating system, Earnings Power Acceleration or “E-PAS™.” E-PAS™ includes a set of tools that we will use to improve the efficiency of our business and deliver meaningful profit improvement. We completed Phase I during fiscal 2018. In doing so, we believe we grew market share in the U.S. and achieved $6 million of synergies related to the STAHL acquisition. In addition, we introduced several new products incorporating smart hoist technologies and repaid $60 million of our long-term debt. We began Phase II of the strategy in November 2017. This phase is focused on operational excellence and profitable growth and is about simplifying the business structure and product platforms, improving operating performance, and focusing our R&D expenditures to grow profitably. Investment in R&D will advance our smart hoist technology and enhance our customers’ digital experience so we can capitalize on the automation megatrend. We expect to double R&D expenditures by fiscal 2021 from fiscal 2017 levels, including approximately $5 million related to STAHL. Research and development costs were $13,617,000, $10,482,000, and $7,393,000 in fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Phase III of the strategy is centered on business development including the assessment of our current product portfolio as well as an acquisition strategy to advance our transformation into a leading industrial technology company. Our acquisitions of Magnetek, Inc. and STAHL and our efforts to leverage their technology are well aligned with our transformation efforts. We have demonstrated our ability to acquire companies and achieve significant synergies and growth. We will look for acquisitions in the material handling and motion control markets. We believe the automation megatrend will provide a deep pipeline of attractive, high margin companies that will continue to transform us. 5 Our business is cyclical in nature and sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, including changes in industrial capacity utilization, industrial production, and general economic activity indicators, like GDP growth. Both U.S. and Eurozone capacity utilization are leading market indicators for our Company. Business Description ASC Topic 280 “Segment Reporting” establishes the standards for reporting information about operating segments in financial statements. We provide our products and services through one operating and reportable segment. We design, manufacture, and distribute a broad range of material handling products for various applications. Products include a wide variety of electric, air-powered, lever, and hand hoists, hoist trolleys, explosion-protected hoists, winches, industrial crane systems such as steel bridge, gantry, and jib cranes, and aluminum work stations; alloy and carbon steel chain; forged attachments, such as hooks, shackles, textile slings, clamps, and load binders; mechanical and electromechanical actuators and rotary unions; below-the-hook special purpose lifters and tire shredders; power and motion control systems, such as AC and DC drive systems, radio remote controls, push button pendant stations, brakes, and collision avoidance and power delivery subsystems. These products are typically manufactured for stock or assembled to order from standard components and are sold primarily through a variety of commercial distributors and to a lesser extent, directly to end-users. The acquisition of STAHL brings market leadership with independent crane builders and EPC firms. The diverse end-users of our products are in a variety of industries including manufacturing, power generation and distribution, utilities, wind power, warehouses, commercial construction, oil and gas exploration and refining, petrochemical, marine, ship building, transportation and heavy duty trucking, agriculture, logging and mining. We also serve a niche market for the entertainment industry including permanent and traveling concerts, live theater, and sporting venues. Products Of our fiscal 2018 sales, $443,433,000 or 53% were U.S. and $395,986,000 or 47% were non-U.S. The following table sets forth certain sales data for our products, expressed as a percentage of net sales for fiscal 2018 and 2017: Hoists Chain and rigging tools Digital power control and delivery systems Actuators and rotary unions Industrial cranes Elevator application drive systems Other Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2018 2017 63% 10 10 9 4 3 1 100% 56% 11 12 11 5 3 2 100% Hoists - We manufacture a wide variety of electric chain hoists, electric wire rope hoists, hand-operated hoists, winches, lever tools, and air-powered hoists. Load capacities for our hoist product lines range from one-eighth of a ton to nearly 140 tons with the acquisition of STAHL. These products are sold under our Budgit, Chester, CM, Coffing, Little Mule, Pfaff, Shaw-Box, Yale, STAHL, and other recognized brands. Our hoists are sold for use in numerous general industrial applications, as well as for use in the construction, energy, mining, food services, entertainment, and other markets. We also supply hoist trolleys, driven manually or by electric motors, that are used in conjunction with hoists. We also offer several lines of standard and custom-designed, below-the-hook tooling, clamps, and textile strappings. Below-the- hook tooling, textile, and chain slings and associated forgings, and clamps are specialized lifting apparatus used in a variety of lifting activities performed in conjunction with hoisting or lifting applications. STAHL primarily manufactures explosion-protected hoists and custom engineered hoists, including wire rope and manual and electric chain hoists. STAHL products are sold to a variety of end markets including automotive, general manufacturing, oil and gas, steel and concrete, power generation as well as process industries such as chemical and pharmaceuticals. 6 Chain and Rigging Tools - We manufacture alloy and carbon steel chain for various industrial and consumer applications. U.S. federal regulations require the use of alloy chain, which we first developed, for overhead lifting applications because of its strength and wear characteristics. A line of our alloy chain is sold under the Herc-AlloyTM brand name for use in overhead lifting, pulling, and restraining applications. In addition, we also sell specialized load chain for use in hoists, as well as three grades and multiple sizes of carbon steel welded-link chain for various load securing and other non-overhead lifting applications. We produce a broad line of alloy and carbon steel closed-die forged chain attachments, including hooks, shackles, HammerloksTM, and master links. These forged attachments are used in chain, wire rope, and textile rigging applications in a variety of industries, including transportation, mining, construction, marine, logging, petrochemical, and agriculture. In addition, we manufacture carbon steel forged and stamped products, such as load binders, logging tools, and other securing devices, for sale to the industrial and logging markets through industrial distributors, hardware distributors, mass merchandiser outlets, and OEMs. Digital Power Control and Delivery Systems - Through our fiscal 2016 acquisition of Magnetek, we are a leading provider of innovative power control and delivery systems and solutions for overhead material handling applications used in a number of diverse industries, including aerospace, automotive, steel, aluminum, paper, logging, mining, ship loading, nuclear power plants, and heavy movable structures. We are a major supplier in North America of power and motion control systems, which include AC and DC drive systems, radio remote controls, push button pendant stations, brakes, and collision avoidance and power delivery subsystems. While we sell primarily to OEMs of overhead cranes and hoists, we spend a great deal of effort understanding the needs of end users to gain specification. We can combine our products with engineered services to provide complete customer- specific systems solutions. We are also a leading independent supplier of AC and DC digital motion control systems for underground coal mining equipment. Our systems are used in coal hauling vehicles, shuttle cars, scoops, and other heavy mining equipment. Actuators and Rotary Unions - Through our Duff-Norton and Pfaff divisions, we design and manufacture industrial components such as mechanical and electromechanical actuators and rotary unions. Actuators are linear motion devices used in a variety of industries, including the transportation, paper, steel, energy, aerospace, and many other commercial industries. Rotary unions are devices that transfer a liquid or gas from a fixed pipe or hose to a rotating drum, cylinder or other device. Rotary unions are used in a variety of industries including pulp and paper, printing, textile and fabric manufacturing, rubber, and plastic. Industrial Cranes - We participate in the crane industry, predominately in the U.S. market, but also globally in certain product offerings, through our offering of overhead steel jib and gantry cranes. Our products are marketed under the Unified, CES, Abell- Howe, and Washington Equipment brands. Crane builders represent a specific distribution channel for electric wire rope hoists, chain hoists, and other crane components. We also manufacture and market overhead aluminum light rail workstations primarily used in automotive and other industrial applications. Elevator Application Drive Systems - We design, build, sell, and support elevator application-specific drive products that efficiently deliver power used to control motion, primarily in high-rise, high-speed elevator applications. We are recognized as an industry leader for DC high-performance elevator drives, as well as for AC drives used with low- and high-performance traction elevators, due to our extensive application expertise and product reliability. Our elevator product offerings are comprised of highly integrated subsystems and drives, sold mainly to elevator OEMs. In addition, our product options include a number of regenerative controls for both new building installations and elevator modernization projects that help building owners save energy. Other - This category primarily includes tire shredders. We have developed and patented a line of heavy equipment that shred whole tires, for use in recycling the various components of a tire including rubber and steel. These recycled products are used as aggregate for playgrounds, sports surfaces, landscaping, and other such applications, as well as scrap steel. Distribution and Markets Our distribution channels include a variety of commercial distributors. In addition, we sell overhead bridge, jib, and gantry cranes and aluminum light rail systems, as well as certain motion technology products directly to end-users. The following describes our global distribution channels: General Distribution Channels - Our global general distribution channels consist of: — Industrial distributors that serve local or regional industrial markets and sell a variety of products for maintenance repair, operating, and production, or MROP, applications through their own direct sales force. 7 — Rigging shops that are distributors with expertise in rigging, lifting, positioning, and load securing. Most rigging shops assemble and distribute chain, wire rope and synthetic slings, and distribute manual hoists and attachments, chain slings, and other products. — Independent crane builders that design, build, install, and service overhead crane and light-rail systems for general industry and also distribute a wide variety of hoists and crane components. We sell electric wire rope hoists and chain hoists as well as crane components, such as end trucks, trolleys, drives, and electrification systems to crane builders. Specialty Distribution Channels - Our global specialty distribution channels consist of: — National and regional distributors that market a variety of MROP supplies, including material handling products, either exclusively through large, nationally distributed catalogs, or through a combination of catalog, internet, and branch sales and a field sales force. — Material handling specialists and integrators that design and assemble systems incorporating hoists, overhead rail systems, trolleys, scissor lift tables, manipulators, air balancers, jib arms, and other material handling products to provide end-users with solutions to their material handling problems. — Entertainment equipment distributors that design, supply, and install a variety of material handling and rigging equipment for concerts, theaters, ice shows, sporting events, convention centers, and night clubs. Pfaff International Direct - Our German-based Pfaff business markets and sells most of its actuators directly to end-users, providing an additional method to market for us in the European region. Crane End-Users - We market and sell overhead bridge, jib and gantry cranes, parts and service to end-users through our wholly owned crane builder, Crane Equipment & Service, Inc. (“CES”). CES includes the Abell-Howe and Washington Equipment brands. CES designs, manufactures, installs, and services a variety of cranes with capacities up to 100 tons. Service-After-Sale Distribution Channel - Service-after-sale distributors include our authorized network of 18 chain repair service stations and over 221 certified hoist service and repair stations globally. This service network is designed for easy parts and service access for our large installed base of hoists and related equipment in that region. OEM/Government Distribution Channels - This channel consists of: — OEMs that supply various component parts directly to other industrial manufacturers as well as private branding and packaging of our traditional products for material handling, lifting, positioning, and special purpose applications. — Government agencies, including the U.S. and Canadian Navies and Coast Guards, that primarily purchase load securing chain and forged attachments. We also provide our products to the U.S. and other governments for a variety of military applications. Independent Crane Builders and Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) firms - In addition to the Distribution channels mentioned above, STAHL sells explosion-protected hoists and custom engineered off-standard hoists to independent crane builders and EPC firms. Independent crane builders are lifting solution developers and final crane assemblers that source hoists as components. EPC firms are responsible for project management or construction management of production facilities that purchase lifting solutions from crane and hoist builders. Backlog Our backlog of orders at March 31, 2018 was approximately $177,387,000 compared to approximately $154,450,000 at March 31, 2017. Our orders for standard products are generally shipped within one week. Orders for products that are manufactured to customer specifications are generally shipped within four to twelve weeks. Given the short product lead times, we do not believe that the amount of our backlog of orders is a reliable indication of our future sales. Fluctuations in backlog can reflect the project oriented nature of certain aspects of our business. 8 Competitive Conditions The material handling industry remains fragmented. We face competition from a wide range of regional, national, and international manufacturers globally. In addition, we often compete with individual operating units of larger, highly diversified companies. The principal competitive factors affecting our business include customer service and support as well as product availability, performance, functionality, brand reputation, reliability, and price. Other important factors include distributor relationships and territory coverage. We believe we have leading U.S. market share in various products categories including: hoists, trolleys and components, AC and DC material handling drives, screw jacks, tire shredders, and elevator DC drives. These product categories represent 64% of our U.S. net sales. Major competitors for hoists are Konecranes, which acquired Terex's Material Handling and Part Solutions business segment, and Kito (and its U.S. subsidiary Harrington); for chain are Campbell Chain, Peerless Chain Company (acquired by Kito), and American Chain and Cable Company; for digital power control systems are Konecranes, Power Electronics International, Inc., Cattron Group International (a division of Laird Technologies), Conductix-Wampfler (a division of Delachaux Group), Control Techniques (a division of Emerson Electric), OMRON Corporation, KEB GmbH, and Fujitec; for forged attachments are The Crosby Group and Brewer Tichner Company; for cranes are Konecranes and a variety of independent crane builders; for actuators and rotary unions are Deublin, Joyce-Dayton, and Nook Industries; and for tire shredders, Granutech. Employees At March 31, 2018, we had 3,328 employees globally. Approximately 10% of our employees are represented under three separate U.S. or Canadian collective bargaining agreements which terminate at various times between May 2020 and September 2021. We also have various labor agreements with our non-U.S. employees which we negotiate from time to time. We have good relationships with our employees and positive, productive relationships with our unions. The risk of employee or union led disruption in production is remote. Raw Materials and Components Our principal raw materials and components are steel, consisting of structural steel, processed steel bar, forging bar steel, steel rod and wire, steel pipe and tubing and tool steel; electric motors; bearings; gear reducers; castings; steel and aluminum enclosures and wire harnesses; electro-mechanical components and standard variable drives. These commodities are all available from multiple sources. We purchase most of these raw materials and components from a limited number of strategic and preferred suppliers under long-term agreements which are negotiated on a company-wide basis through our global purchasing group to take advantage of volume discounts. We have historically passed on materials price increases to our channel partners and end-user customers. We continue to monitor our costs and reevaluate our pricing policies. Our ability to pass on these increases is determined by market conditions. Although raw materials and some components such as motors, bearings, gear reducers, steel and aluminum enclosures and wire harnesses, castings, electro-mechanical components, and standard variable drives are purchased, our vertical integration enables us to produce many of the components used in the manufacturing of our products. Environmental and Other Governmental Regulation Like most manufacturing companies, we are subject to various federal, state, and local laws relating to the protection of the environment. To address the requirements of such laws, we have adopted a corporate environmental protection policy which provides that all of our owned or leased facilities shall, and all of our employees have the duty to comply with all applicable environmental regulatory standards, and we have initiated an environmental auditing program for our facilities to ensure compliance with such regulatory standards. We have also established managerial responsibilities and internal communication channels for dealing with environmental compliance issues that may arise in the course of our business. We have made and could be required to continue to make significant expenditures to comply with environmental requirements. Because of the complexity and changing nature of environmental regulatory standards, it is possible that situations will arise from time to time requiring us to incur additional expenditures to ensure environmental regulatory compliance. However, we are not aware of any environmental condition or any operation at any of our facilities, either individually or in the aggregate, which would cause expenditures having a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. We notified the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (the “DENR”) in April 2006 of the presence of certain contaminants in excess of regulatory standards at our facility in Wadesboro, North Carolina. We filed an application with the DENR to enter its voluntary cleanup program and the State accepted our proposal. We investigated under the supervision 9 of a DENR Registered Environmental Consultant (“the REC”) and have commenced voluntary clean-up at the facility. At this time, additional remediation costs are not expected to be material and are fully reserved. We have been a part of the Pendleton Site PRP Group since about 1993. Many years ago, we sent pickle liquor wastes from Tonawanda, NY to the Pendleton Site for treatment and disposal. The Pendleton Site PRP Group signed an Order on Consent with the NYS DEC in 1996 and the cleanup was concluded in the early 2000s. The Order on Consent required a post-construction operation and maintenance period of 30 years and we are required to pay our share of the costs associated with the operation and maintenance period. The total annual costs are approximately $50,000 of which we pay 13.4% or $6,700. Reserves on the books are sufficient to cover these costs for the remainder of the operations and maintenance period. Our subsidiary Magnetek has also been identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and certain state agencies as a potentially responsible party for cleanup costs associated with alleged past waste disposal practices at several previously utilized, owned or leased facilities and offsite locations. Its remediation activities as a potentially responsible party were not material in fiscal year 2018. Although the materiality of future expenditures for environmental activities may be affected by the level and type of contamination, the extent and nature of cleanup activities required by governmental authorities, the nature of Magnetek's alleged connection to the contaminated sites, the number and financial resources of other potentially responsible parties, the availability of indemnification rights against third parties and the identification of additional contaminated sites, Magnetek's estimated share of liability, if any, for environmental remediation, including its indemnification obligations, is not expected to be material. In 1986, Magnetek acquired the stock of Universal Manufacturing Corporation (“Universal”) from a predecessor of Fruit of the Loom (“FOL”), and the predecessor agreed to indemnify Magnetek against certain environmental liabilities arising from pre- acquisition activities at a facility in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Environmental liabilities covered by the indemnification agreement included completion of additional cleanup activities, if any, at the Bridgeport facility and defense and indemnification against liability for potential response costs related to offsite disposal locations. Magnetek's leasehold interest in the Bridgeport facility was assigned to the buyer in connection with the sale of Magnetek's transformer business in June 2001. FOL, the successor to the indemnification obligation, filed a petition for Reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in 1999 and Magnetek filed a proof of claim in the proceeding for obligations related to the environmental indemnification agreement. Magnetek believes that FOL had substantially completed the clean-up obligations required by the indemnification agreement prior to the bankruptcy filing. In November 2001, Magnetek and FOL entered into an agreement involving the allocation of certain potential tax benefits and Magnetek withdrew its claims in the bankruptcy proceeding. FOL's obligation to the state of Connecticut was not discharged in the reorganization proceeding. In January 2007, the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (“DEP”) requested parties, including Magnetek, to submit reports summarizing the investigations and remediation performed to date at the site and the proposed additional investigations and remediation necessary to complete those actions at the site. The DEP then requested additional information relating to site investigations and remediation. Magnetek and the DEP agreed to the scope of the work plan in November 2010. The Company has implemented the work plan and has recorded a liability of $283,000 related to the Bridgeport facility, representing the best estimate of future site investigation costs and remediation costs which are expected to be incurred in the future. In September of 2017, Magnetek received a request for defense and indemnification from Monsanto Company, Pharmacia, LLC, and Solutia, Inc. (collectively, “Monsanto”) with respect to: (1) lawsuits brought by plaintiffs claiming that Monsanto manufactured polychlorinated biphenyls ("PCBs"), exposure to which allegedly caused injury to plaintiffs; (2) lawsuits brought by municipalities and municipal entities claiming that Monsanto should be responsible for a variety of damages due to the presence of PCBs in bodies of water in those municipalities and/or in water treated by those municipal entities. Monsanto claims to be entitled to defense and indemnification from Magnetek under a so-called “Special Undertaking” apparently executed by Universal in January of 1972, which purportedly required Universal to defend and indemnify Monsanto from liabilities “arising out of or in connection with the receipt, purchase, possession, handling, use, sale or disposition of” PCBs by Universal. Magnetek has declined Monsanto’s tender, and believes that it has meritorious legal and factual defenses to the demands made by Monsanto. Magnetek is vigorously defending against those demands and has commenced litigation to, among other things, declare the Special Undertaking void and unenforceable. Monsanto has, in turn, commenced an action to enforce the Special Undertaking. Magnetek intends to continue to vigorously prosecute its declaratory judgment action and to defend against Monsanto’s action against it. As of March 31, 2018 the Company has recorded $400,000 for legal costs incurred to date and expected to be incurred related to this matter. We cannot reasonably estimate a potential range of loss with respect to Monsanto’s tender because there is insufficient information regarding the underlying matters. Management believes, however, that the potential additional costs related to such matters, if any, will not have a material effect on the financial condition of the Company or its liquidity, although the effect of any future liabilities recorded could be material to earnings in a future period. 10 For all of the currently known environmental matters, we have accrued as of March 31, 2018 a total of $1,029,000 which, in our opinion, is sufficient to deal with such matters. Further, we believe that the environmental matters known to, or anticipated by us should not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our operating results or financial condition. However, there can be no assurance that potential liabilities and expenditures associated with unknown environmental matters, unanticipated events, or future compliance with environmental laws and regulations will not have a material adverse effect on us. Our operations are also governed by many other laws and regulations, including those relating to workplace safety and worker health, principally OSHA in the U.S. and others outside the U.S. and regulations thereunder. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with these laws and regulations and do not believe that future compliance with such laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or liquidity. Available Information Our internet address is www.cmworks.com. We make available free of charge through our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after such documents are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. 11 Item 1A. Risk Factors Columbus McKinnon is subject to a number of risk factors that could negatively affect our results from business operations or cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or indicated in any forward looking statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following: Adverse changes in global economic conditions may negatively affect our industry, business, and results of operations. Our industry is affected by changes in economic conditions outside our control, which can result in a general decrease in product demand from our customers. Such economic developments may affect our business in a number of ways. Reduced demand may drive us and our competitors to offer products at promotional prices, which would have a negative impact on our profitability. In addition, the tightening of credit in financial markets may adversely affect the ability of our customers and suppliers to obtain financing for significant purchases and operations and could result in a decrease in, or cancellation of, orders for our products. If demand for our products slows down or decreases, we will not be able to maintain our revenue and we may run the risk of failing to satisfy the financial and other restrictive covenants to which we are subject under our existing indebtedness. Reduced revenue as a result of decreased demand may also reduce our planned growth and otherwise hinder our ability to improve our performance in connection with our long term strategy. Our business is cyclical and is affected by industrial economic conditions. Many of the end-users of our products are in highly cyclical industries, such as manufacturing, power generation and distribution, commercial construction, oil and gas exploration and refining, transportation, agriculture, logging, and mining that are sensitive to changes in general economic conditions. Their demand for our products, and thus our results of operations, is directly related to the level of production in their facilities, which changes as a result of changes in general economic conditions and other factors beyond our control. If there is deterioration in the general economy or in the industries we serve, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, the cyclical nature of our business could at times also adversely affect our liquidity and ability to borrow under our revolving credit facility. Our business is highly competitive and subject to consolidation of competitors. Increased competition could reduce our sales, earnings, and profitability. The principal markets that we serve within the material handling industry are fragmented and highly competitive. Competition is based primarily on customer service and support as well as product availability, performance, functionality, brand reputation, reliability, and price. Our competition in the markets in which we participate comes from companies of various sizes, some of which have greater financial and other resources than we do. Increased competition could force us to lower our prices or to offer additional services at a higher cost to us, which could reduce our gross margins and net income. The greater financial resources or the lower amount of debt of certain of our competitors may enable them to commit larger amounts of capital in response to changing market conditions. Certain competitors may also have the ability to develop product or service innovations that could put us at a disadvantage. In addition, through consolidation, some of our competitors have achieved substantially more market penetration in certain of the markets in which we operate. If we are unable to compete successfully against other manufacturers of material handling equipment, we could lose customers and our revenues may decline. There can also be no assurance that customers will continue to regard our products favorably, that we will be able to develop new products that appeal to customers, that we will be able to improve or maintain our profit margins on sales to our customers or that we will be able to continue to compete successfully in our core markets. The acquisition of STAHL on January 31, 2017 resulted in a significant increase to the Company’s long term borrowings. The increased amount of long term borrowings could, among other things, require the Company to dedicate a large portion of its cash flow to the servicing and repayment of its outstanding indebtedness, thereby reducing funds available for other operating activities, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, and adversely affect our ability to pay dividends. In connection with the acquisition of STAHL, we assumed an unfunded pension obligation which will further require cash flow to pay benefit obligations as they become due. The STAHL pension obligation assumed in the acquisition is an unfunded pension plan valued at $85,851,000 at March 31, 2018. Therefore, the Company will be required to make current and future benefit payment obligations in addition to payments required to pay down other long term borrowings. 12 Our operations outside the U.S. pose certain risks that may adversely impact sales and earnings. We have operations and assets located outside of the United States, primarily in China, Mexico, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Hungary. In addition, we import a portion of our hoist product line from Asia, and sell our products to distributors located in approximately 50 countries. In our fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, approximately 47% of our net sales were derived from non-U.S. markets. These non-U.S. operations are subject to a number of special risks, in addition to the risks of our U.S. business, differing protections of intellectual property, trade barriers, labor unrest, exchange controls, regional economic uncertainty, differing (and possibly more stringent) labor regulation, risk of governmental expropriation, U.S. and foreign customs and tariffs, current and changing regulatory environments, difficulty in obtaining distribution support, difficulty in staffing and managing widespread operations, differences in the availability, and terms of financing, political instability and risks of increases in taxes. Also, in some foreign jurisdictions we may be subject to laws limiting the right and ability of entities organized or operating therein to pay dividends or remit earnings to affiliated companies unless specified conditions are met. These factors may adversely affect our future profits. Part of our strategy is to expand our worldwide market share and reduce costs by strengthening our international distribution capabilities and sourcing components in lower cost countries, in particular in China, Mexico, and Hungary. Implementation of this strategy may increase the impact of the risks described above, and we cannot assure you that such risks will not have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Our strategy depends on successful integration of acquisitions. Acquisitions are a key part of our growth strategy. Our historical growth has depended, and our future growth is likely to depend on our ability to successfully implement our acquisition strategy, and the successful integration of acquired businesses into our existing business. We intend to continue to seek additional acquisition opportunities in accordance with our acquisition strategy, both to expand into new markets and to enhance our position in existing markets throughout the world. If we are unable to successfully integrate acquired businesses into our existing business or expand into new markets, our sales and earnings growth could be reduced. Our products involve risks of personal injury and property damage, which exposes us to potential liability. Our business exposes us to possible claims for personal injury or death and property damage resulting from the products that we sell. We maintain insurance through a combination of self-insurance retentions and excess insurance coverage. We monitor claims and potential claims of which we become aware and establish accrued liability reserves for the self-insurance amounts based on our liability estimates for such claims. We cannot give any assurance that existing or future claims will not exceed our estimates for self-insurance or the amount of our excess insurance coverage. In addition, we cannot give any assurance that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms or that our insurers would not require us to increase our self- insurance amounts. Claims brought against us that are not covered by insurance or that are in excess of insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our results, financial condition, or liquidity. In addition, like many industrial manufacturers, we are also involved in asbestos-related litigation. In continually evaluating costs relating to our estimated asbestos-related liability, we review, among other things, the incidence of past and recent claims, the historical case dismissal rate, the mix of the claimed illnesses and occupations of the plaintiffs, our recent and historical resolution of the cases, the number of cases pending against us, the status and results of broad-based settlement discussions, and the number of years such activity might continue. Based on this review, we estimate our share of liability to defend and resolve probable asbestos related personal injury claims. This estimate is highly uncertain due to the limitations of the available data and the difficulty of forecasting with any certainty the numerous variables that can affect the range of the liability. We continue to study the variables in light of additional information in order to identify trends that may become evident and to assess their impact on the range of liability that is probable and estimable. We believe that the potential additional costs for claims will not have a material effect on the financial condition of the Company or its liquidity, although the effect of any future liabilities recorded could be material to earnings in a future period. See Note 15 to our March 31, 2018 consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this form 10K. As indicated above, our self-insurance coverage is effected through our captive insurance subsidiary. The reserves of our captive insurance subsidiary are subject to periodic adjustments based upon actuarial evaluations, which adjustments impact our overall results of operations. These periodic adjustments can be favorable or unfavorable. 13 We are subject to currency fluctuations from our sales outside the U.S. Our products are sold in many countries around the world. Thus, a portion of our revenues (approximately $395,986,000 in our fiscal year ended March 31, 2018) are generated in foreign currencies, including principally the Euro, the British Pound, the Canadian Dollar, the South African Rand, the Brazilian Real, the Mexican Peso, and the Chinese Yuan, and while much of the costs incurred to generate those revenues are incurred in the same currency, a portion is incurred in other currencies. Since our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies have had, and will continue to have, a currency translation impact on our earnings. Currency fluctuations may impact our financial performance in the future. Our future operating results may be affected by fluctuations in steel or other material prices. We may not be able to pass on increases in raw material costs to our customers. The principal raw material used in our chain, forging and crane building operations is steel. The steel industry as a whole is highly cyclical, and at times pricing and availability can be volatile due to a number of factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions, labor costs, competition, import duties, tariffs, and currency exchange rates. This volatility can significantly affect our raw material costs. In an environment of increasing raw material prices, competitive conditions will determine how much of the steel price increases we can pass on to our customers. During historical rising cost periods, we were generally successful in adding and maintaining a surcharge to the prices of our high steel content products or incorporating them into price increases, with a goal of margin neutrality. In the future, to the extent we are unable to pass on any steel price increases to our customers, our profitability could be adversely affected. We rely in large part on independent distributors for sales of our products. For the most part, we depend on independent distributors to sell our products and provide service and aftermarket support to our end-user customers. Distributors play a significant role in determining which of our products are stocked at their locations, and hence are most readily accessible to aftermarket buyers, and the price at which these products are sold. Almost all of the distributors with whom we transact business offer competitive products and services to our end-user customers. For the most part, we do not have written agreements with our distributors. The loss of a substantial number of these distributors or an increase in the distributors' sales of our competitors' products to our ultimate customers could materially reduce our sales and profits. We are subject to various environmental laws which may require us to expend significant capital and incur substantial cost. Our operations and facilities are subject to various federal, state, local, and foreign requirements relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the discharges of pollutants in the air and water, the generation, management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, and the cleanup of contaminated sites. We have made, and will continue to make, expenditures to comply with such requirements. Violations of, or liabilities under, environmental laws and regulations, or changes in such laws and regulations (such as the imposition of more stringent standards for discharges into the environment), could result in substantial costs to us, including operating costs and capital expenditures, fines and civil and criminal sanctions, third party claims for property damage or personal injury, clean-up costs, or costs relating to the temporary or permanent discontinuance of operations. Certain of our facilities have been in operation for many years, and we have remediated contamination at some of our facilities. Over time, we and other predecessor operators of such facilities have generated, used, handled, and disposed of hazardous and other regulated wastes. Additional environmental liabilities could exist, including clean-up obligations at these locations or other sites at which materials from our operations were disposed, which could result in substantial future expenditures that cannot be currently quantified and which could reduce our profits or have an adverse effect on our financial condition, operations, or liquidity. We may face claims of infringement on the intellectual property of others, or others may infringe upon our intellectual property. Our future success depends in part on our ability to prevent others from infringing on our proprietary rights, as well as our ability to operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others. We may be required at times to take legal action to protect our proprietary rights and, despite our best efforts, we may be sued for infringing on the patent rights of others. Patent litigation is costly and, even if we prevail, the cost of such litigation could adversely affect our financial condition. In addition, we could be adversely affected financially should we be judged to have infringed upon the intellectual property of others. We rely on subcontractors or suppliers to perform their contractual obligations. Some of our contracts involve subcontracts with other companies upon which we rely to perform a portion of the services we must provide to our customers. There is a risk that we may have disputes with our subcontractors, including disputes regarding the quality and timeliness of work performed by our subcontractor or customer concerns about the subcontractor. Failure by our 14 subcontractors to satisfactorily provide on a timely basis the agreed-upon supplies or perform the agreed upon services may materially and adversely impact our ability to perform our obligations as the prime contractor. A delay in our ability to obtain components and equipment parts from our suppliers may affect our ability to meet our customers' needs and may have an adverse effect upon our profitability. We are subject to debt covenant restrictions. Our revolving credit facility and Term Loan contain a financial leverage covenant and other restrictive covenants. A significant decline in our operating income or cash generating ability could cause us to violate our leverage ratio in our bank credit facility. Other material adverse changes in our business could cause us to be in default of our debt covenants. This could result in our being unable to borrow under our bank credit facility or being obliged to refinance and renegotiate the terms of our indebtedness. Our business operations may be adversely affected by information systems interruptions or intrusion. We depend on various information technologies throughout our company to administer, store, and support multiple business activities. If these systems are damaged, cease to function properly, or are subject to cyber-security attacks, such as those involving unauthorized access, malicious software and/or other intrusions, we could experience production downtimes, operational delays, other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services to our customers, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems or networks, financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, and/or damage to our reputation. While we attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, including employee training, technical security controls, and maintenance of backup and protective systems, our systems, networks, products, and services remain potentially vulnerable to known or unknown threats, any of which could have a material adverse affect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We depend on our senior management team and the loss of any member could adversely affect our operations. Our success is dependent on the management and leadership skills of our senior management team. The loss of any of these individuals or an inability to attract, retain, and maintain additional personnel could prevent us from implementing our business strategy. We cannot assure you that we will be able to retain our existing senior management personnel or to attract additional qualified personnel when needed. We continually evaluate and assess our personnel and may make additional changes to the members or assignments of our senior management team in the future. We have entered into employment agreements with the following senior management personnel: Werner Wagner (our STAHL Managing Director) and Mark D. Morelli (our President and CEO). Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. 15 Item 2. Properties We maintain our corporate headquarters in Getzville, New York (an owned property) and, as of March 31, 2018, conducted our principal manufacturing at the following facilities: Location Kunzelsau, Germany Wadesboro, NC Lexington, TN Asia operation: Hangzhou, China Hangzhou, China Charlotte, NC Menomonee Falls, WI Tennessee forging operation: Chattanooga, TN Chattanooga, TN Wuppertal, Germany Kissing, Germany Damascus, VA Eureka, IL Ohio hoist operation: Salem, OH Lisbon, OH Hamm, Germany Chester, England Santiago Tianguistenco, Mexico Howell, MI Sarasota, FL Szekesfehervar, Hungary Romeny-sur-Marne, France 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Products/Operations Hoists Hoists Chain Hoists Hoists Actuators and Rotary Unions Power control systems Forged attachments Forged attachments Hoists Hoists, winches, and actuators Hoists Cranes Hoists Hoists Lifting tools and forged parts Plate clamps Hoists Overhead light rail workstations Tire shredders Textiles and textile strappings Rotary unions Square Footage Owned or Leased 345,000 180,000 164,000 70,000 82,000 146,000 144,000 81,000 59,000 124,000 107,000 97,000 91,000 49,000 37,000 82,000 56,000 54,000 35,000 25,000 24,000 22,000 Leased Owned Owned Owned Owned Leased Leased Owned Owned Leased Leased Owned Owned Leased Owned Owned Owned Owned Leased Owned Leased Owned In addition, we have a total of 45 sales offices, distribution centers, and warehouses. We believe that our properties have been adequately maintained, are in generally good condition and are suitable for our business as presently conducted. We also believe our existing facilities provide sufficient production capacity for our present needs and for our anticipated needs in the foreseeable future. Upon the expiration of our current leases, we believe that either we will be able to secure renewal terms or enter into leases for alternative locations at market terms. 16 Item 3. Legal Proceedings From time to time, we are named a defendant in legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. We are not a party to any pending legal proceeding other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to our business. We do not believe that any of our pending litigation will have a material impact on our business. We maintain comprehensive general product liability insurance against risks arising out of the use of our products sold to customers through our wholly-owned New York State captive insurance subsidiary of which we are the sole policy holder. The per occurrence limits on the self-insurance for general and product liability coverage were $2,000,000 from inception through fiscal 2003 and $3,000,000 for fiscal 2004 and thereafter. In addition to the per occurrence limits, our coverage is also subject to an annual aggregate limit, applicable to losses only. These limits range from $2,000,000 to $6,000,000 for each policy year from inception through fiscal 2018. We obtain additional insurance coverage from independent insurers to cover potential losses in excess of these limits. Like many industrial manufacturers, we are also involved in asbestos-related litigation. In continually evaluating costs relating to our estimated asbestos-related liability, we review, among other things, the incidence of past and recent claims, the historical case dismissal rate, the mix of the claimed illnesses and occupations of the plaintiffs, our recent and historical resolution of the cases, the number of cases pending against us, the status and results of broad-based settlement discussions, and the number of years such activity might continue. Because this liability is likely to extend over many years, management believes that the potential additional costs for claims will not have a material effect on the financial condition of the Company or its liquidity, although the effect of any future liabilities recorded could be material to earnings in a future period. The Company believes that a share of its previously incurred asbestos-related expenses and future asbestos-related expenses are covered by pre-existing insurance policies. The Company has engaged in a legal action against the insurance carriers of those policies to recover past expenses and to recover future costs incurred. The Company recovered $2,362,000 from insurance carriers during fiscal 2018. When the Company resolves this legal action, it is expected that an additional gain will be recorded for previously expensed cost that is recovered. See Note 15 to our March 31, 2018 consolidated financial statements for more information on our matters involving litigation. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not Applicable. 17 PART II Item 5. Market for the Company’s Common Stock and Related Security Holder Matters Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol ‘‘CMCO.” As of April 30, 2018, there were 381 holders of record of our common stock. During fiscal 2018, the Company declared quarterly cash dividends totaling $3,903,000. On March 26, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors declared regular quarterly dividends of $0.05 per common share. The dividend was paid on May 14, 2018 to shareholders of record on May 4, 2018 and totaled approximately $1,150,000. Our current credit agreement allows, but limits our ability to pay dividends. The following table sets forth, for the fiscal periods indicated, the high and low sale prices per share for our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Year Ended March 31, 2017 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Year Ended March 31, 2018 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Price Range of Common Stock High Low $ 17.05 $ 18.54 27.59 28.63 $ 28.98 $ 37.74 40.20 44.31 13.93 14.34 17.18 24.05 23.54 24.12 36.18 34.60 On May 25, 2018 the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market was $37.75 per share. 18 PERFORMANCE GRAPH The Performance Graph shown below compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock based on its market price, with the total return of the S&P SmallCap 600 Index, and the Dow Jones U.S. Diversified Industrials. The comparison of total return assumes that a fixed investment of $100 was invested on March 31, 2013 in our common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and further assumes the reinvestment of dividends. The stock price performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. 19 Item 6. Selected Financial Data The consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related statements of operations, cash flows, and shareholders’ equity for each of the three years ended March 31, 2018 and notes thereto appear elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated financial data presented below should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition,” our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this annual report. 2018 (In million's, except per share data) 2016 2015 2017 Statements of Operations Data: Net sales Cost of products sold Gross profit Selling expenses General and administrative expenses (1) Research and development expenses (1) Impairment of intangible asset Amortization of intangibles Income (loss) from operations Interest and debt expense Cost of debt refinancing Other (income) and expense, net Income (loss) before income taxes Income tax expense (benefit) Net income (loss) Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations Weighted average shares outstanding – assuming dilution Weighted average shares outstanding – basic $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 839.4 554.8 284.6 102.0 83.4 13.6 — 15.6 70.0 19.7 — 0.6 49.7 27.6 22.1 0.95 0.97 23.3 22.8 637.1 444.2 192.9 77.3 69.9 10.5 1.1 8.1 26.0 11.0 1.3 0.7 13.0 4.0 9.0 0.43 0.44 20.9 20.6 Balance Sheet Data (at end of period): Total assets Total debt (2) Total debt, net of cash and cash equivalents Total shareholders’ equity $ 1,142.4 363.3 300.3 408.2 $ 1,113.8 421.3 343.7 341.4 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 597.1 409.8 187.3 72.9 61.4 7.4 — 5.0 40.6 7.9 — 1.1 31.6 12.0 19.6 0.96 0.98 20.3 20.1 772.9 267.6 216.0 286.3 Other Data: Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Capital expenditures 69.7 (32.3) (59.5) (14.5) 60.5 (224.0) 190.1 (14.4) 52.6 (203.2) 137.0 (22.3) $ $ $ $ $ 579.6 398.0 181.6 69.8 49.7 5.2 — 2.3 54.6 12.4 8.6 (2.4) 36.0 8.8 27.2 1.34 1.36 20.2 19.9 566.1 126.5 63.5 268.7 38.3 (34.1) (48.4) (17.2) 20 2014 583.3 402.2 181.1 69.0 50.3 5.5 — 2.0 54.3 13.5 — (1.9) 42.7 12.3 30.4 1.52 1.55 20.0 19.7 596.9 150.5 38.2 291.3 29.5 (40.4) 1.7 (20.8) (1) For its fiscal 2018 financial statements, the Company has reclassified research and development expenses previously recorded in general and administrative expense into a separate line item on the consolidated statements of operations. All periods presented above have been revised to reflect this presentation. Please refer to Note 2 of the Company's financial statements for additional information regarding research and development expenses. (2) Total debt includes all debt, including the current portion, notes payable, term loan, and subordinated debt. 21 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition This section should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW We are a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer, and marketer of material handling products, systems and services which efficiently and safely move, lift, position, and secure materials. Key products include hoists, rigging tools, cranes, digital power control systems, and actuators. We are focused on serving commercial and industrial applications that require the safety and quality in moving material provided by our superior design and engineering know-how. Founded in 1875, we have grown to our current size and leadership position through organic growth and acquisitions. We developed our leading market position over our 143-year history by emphasizing technological innovation, manufacturing excellence and superior after-sale service. In addition, acquisitions significantly broadened our product lines and services and expanded our geographic reach, end-user markets and customer base. Ongoing initiatives to increase earnings power include operational excellence and profitable growth. In accordance with Blueprint 2021, we are simplifying the business structure and product platforms, improving operating performance, and focusing our R&D expenditures to grow profitably. Shareholder value will be enhanced by expanding EBITDA margins and return on invested capital (ROIC). On January 31, 2017 we completed our acquisition of STAHL. STAHL is a leading manufacturer of explosion-protected hoists and crane components and is well known for providing lifting solutions utilizing its custom engineering and hoisting technology. STAHL serves independent crane builders and Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) firms, providing products to a variety of end markets including oil and gas, automotive, general manufacturing, steel & concrete, power generation as well as process industries such as chemical and pharmaceuticals. We believe STAHL is an excellent expansion of our global product offering. STAHL's strong position with wire rope and electric chain hoists in Europe immediately complements our leadership position in handheld hoists in that region, and their broad portfolio of ATEX certified explosion-protected products serving the oil and gas, mining, and chemical processing industries significantly extends our global offerings in capability and capacities. Our revenue base is geographically diverse with approximately 47% derived from customers outside the U.S. for the year ended March 31, 2018. Our expansion within the European market with the acquisition of STAHL further expands our geographic diversity. We believe this will help balance the impact of changes that will occur in local economies, as well as benefit the Company from growth in emerging markets. We monitor both U.S. and Eurozone Industrial Capacity Utilization statistics as indicators of anticipated demand for our products. In addition, we continue to monitor the potential impact of other global and U.S. trends including industrial production, energy costs, steel price fluctuations, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and activity of end-user markets around the globe. From a strategic perspective, we are leveraging our recent acquisitions and investing in new products as we focus on our greatest opportunities for growth. We maintain a strong North American market share with significant leading market positions in hoists, lifting, and sling chain, forged attachments, actuators, and digital power and motion control systems for the material handling industry. We seek to maintain and enhance our market share by focusing our sales and marketing activities toward select North American and global market sectors including general industrial, energy, automotive, heavy OEM, entertainment, and construction and infrastructure. Regardless of the economic climate and point in the economic cycle, we constantly explore ways to increase operating margins as well as further improve our productivity and competitiveness. We have specific initiatives related to improved customer satisfaction, reduced defects, shortened lead times, improved inventory turns and on-time deliveries, reduced warranty costs, and improved working capital utilization. The initiatives are being driven by the implementation of our operating system E-PAS™. We are working to achieve these strategic initiatives through product simplification, the creation of centers of excellence, and improved supply chain management. We are also pursuing cost reduction opportunities to enhance future margins. We continuously monitor market prices of steel. We purchase approximately $25,000,000 to $30,000,000 of steel annually in a variety of forms including rod, wire, bar, structural, and other forms of steel. Generally, as we experience fluctuations in our costs, we reflect them as price increases or surcharges to our customers with the goal of being margin neutral. We operate in a highly competitive and global business environment. We face a variety of opportunities in those markets and geographies, including trends toward increasing productivity of the global labor force and the expansion of market opportunities in Asia and other emerging markets. While we execute our long-term growth strategy, we are supported by our solid free cash flow as well as our liquidity position and flexible debt structure. 22 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Fiscal 2018 Compared to 2017 Fiscal 2018 sales were $839,419,000, an increase of 31.8%, or $202,296,000 compared with fiscal 2017 sales of $637,123,000. Sales for the year were positively impacted by $144,670,000 due to our acquisition of STAHL, $40,993,000 due to an increase in sales volume, and $2,529,000 by price increases. Favorable foreign currency translation increased sales by $14,104,000. Our gross profit was $284,574,000 and $192,932,000 or 33.9% and 30.3% of net sales in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fiscal 2018 increase in gross profit of $91,642,000 or 47.5% is the result of $53,794,000 from the acquisition of STAHL, $4,828,000 in increased productivity and favorable manufacturing costs, $1,361,000 of price increases net of material inflation, $13,227,000 in increased volume, $2,964,000 in decreased product liability costs, $8,852,000 in STAHL inventory amortization related to purchase accounting adjustments incurred in fiscal 2017 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2018, a $2,362,000 increase due to an insurance settlement, offset by $307,000 in STAHL integration costs that are classified as cost of products sold. The translation of foreign currencies had a $4,561,000 favorable impact on gross profit for the year ended March 31, 2018. Selling expenses were $101,956,000 and $77,319,000, or 12.1% of net sales in fiscal years 2018 and 2017. STAHL contributed an additional $18,396,000 in selling expense and $616,000 of integration costs were incurred related to the acquisition of STAHL that are classified as selling expense, offset by $247,000 in expense that did not reoccur related to the Canadian lump sum pension settlement in the year ended March 31, 2018. The remainder of the increase is largely due to the increase in sales volume, additional marketing expenses, and the transition to a new warehouse in North America. Additionally, foreign currency translation had a $2,151,000 unfavorable impact on selling expenses. General and administrative expenses were $83,350,000 and $69,928,000 or 9.9% and 11.0% of net sales in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fiscal 2018 increase was primarily the result of the STAHL acquisition which added $9,477,000 in recurring general and administrated expenses and $7,840,000 of integration costs were incurred related to the acquisition of STAHL that are classified as general and administrative expense, offset by $8,815,000 in STAHL related acquisition and integration costs incurred in the year ended March 31, 2017. Additionally, $1,589,000 in net legal costs were incurred for a legal action against our product liability insurance carriers, $400,000 in expected litigation costs for a former subsidiary of Magnetek, $619,000 in debt repricing fees, offset by CEO retirement and search costs of $3,085,000 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2018. The remainder of the increase is largely due to higher annual incentive plan costs expected in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. Foreign currency translation had a $1,178,000 unfavorable impact on general and administrative expenses. Research and development expenses were $13,617,000 and $10,482,000 in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. As a percentage of consolidated net sales, research and development expenses were 1.6% in fiscal 2018 and 2017. STAHL contributed an additional $1,683,000 to research and development expenses in the year ended March 31, 2018. The remainder of the increase relates to global initiatives to develop new products. Impairment of intangible assets of $1,125,000 in fiscal 2017 relates to the impairment of the indefinite-lived trademark of STB. After performing our annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test, the Company determined that the indefinite-lived STB intangible trademark asset was fully impaired due to lower revenue and resulting cash flows than projected at the time of the acquisition. No impairment was recorded in fiscal 2018. Amortization of intangibles was $15,552,000 and $8,105,000 in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase relates to additional amortization of intangibles related to the STAHL acquisition. Interest and debt expense was $19,733,000 and $10,966,000 in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in interest and debt expense relates to additional debt to fund the STAHL acquisition. The fiscal 2017 debt extinguishment costs of $1,303,000 relates to the write off of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with our previous term loan and revolving credit facility refinanced as part of the STAHL acquisition. This transaction is discussed in more detail in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section. There were no debt extinguishment costs recorded in fiscal 2018. Investment income of $157,000 and $462,000, in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to earnings on marketable securities held in the Company’s wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary. Foreign currency exchange loss was $1,539,000 and $1,232,000 in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively, as a result of foreign currency volatility related to foreign currency denominated sales and purchases and intercompany debt. 23 Other income, net, includes various non-operating income and expense related activities. The balance was $701,000 and $93,000 in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. Income tax expense as a percentage of income from continuing operations before income tax expense was 55.6% and 31.0% in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. These percentages vary from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to varying effective tax rates at the Company's foreign subsidiaries, and the jurisdictional mix of taxable income for these subsidiaries. Income tax expense as a percentage of income from continuing operations for fiscal 2018 increased by $17,602,000 or 35 percentage points as a result of accounting for the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Act). The Company revised its annual effective rate to reflect a change in the U.S. federal statutory rate from 35% to 21%, resulting from the enactment of the Act on December 22, 2017. The rate change is administratively effective upon enactment, resulting in a blended rate for fiscal year 2018. As a result, the U.S. blended statutory tax rate for fiscal 2018 is 31.55%. The Act requires companies to remeasure certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The Company recognized a provisional amount of $17,602,000, which is included as a component of income tax expense on the Company's statement of operations for fiscal 2018. See Note 16 for additional information regarding how the provisional amount was calculated. Included within the provisional amount, as described above, is a one-time transition tax on the Company's total foreign post-1986 earnings and profits (E&P) that it previously deferred from U.S. income taxes. The Company recorded a provisional amount for its one-time transition tax liability for its foreign subsidiaries, resulting in an increase in income tax expense of $1,500,000. The one-time transition tax is payable over an 8-year period (8% in each of the first five years, 15% in year six, 20% in year seven, and 25% in year 8). The difference between the provisional amount, as noted above, and the one-time transition tax relates to remeasuring the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities at the new U.S. Federal statutory tax rate. Fiscal 2017 Compared to 2016 Fiscal 2017 sales were $637,123,000, an increase of 6.7%, or $40,020,000 compared with fiscal 2016 sales of $597,103,000. Sales for the year were positively impacted by $64,993,000 due to acquisitions and $730,000 by price increases. Sales for the year were negatively impacted $20,638,000 due to a decrease in sales volume. Unfavorable foreign currency translation reduced sales by $5,065,000. Our gross profit was $192,932,000 and $187,263,000 or 30.3% and 31.4% of net sales in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. The fiscal 2017 increase in gross profit of $5,669,000 or 3.0% is the result of $22,553,000 from our recent acquisitions, $2,044,000 in increased productivity and favorable manufacturing costs, and $3,902,000 in fiscal 2016 acquisition purchase accounting amortization and other one-time adjustments which did not recur in fiscal 2017, offset by $9,387,000 in decreased volume, $8,852,000 in STAHL inventory amortization related to purchase accounting adjustments, $2,546,000 in increased product liability costs due to legal settlements, and material inflation net of price increases of $474,000. The translation of foreign currencies had a $1,571,000 unfavorable impact on gross profit for the year ended March 31, 2017. Selling expenses were $77,319,000 and $72,858,000 or 12.1% and 12.2% of net sales in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. The acquisitions of STAHL and Magnetek which added an incremental $7,947,000 in selling expense for the year ended March 31, 2017. The fiscal 2016 consolidation of two warehouses and the closure of another added $859,000 in the prior year, which did not recur in fiscal 2017. Additionally, foreign currency translation had a $589,000 favorable impact on selling expenses. General and administrative expenses were $69,928,000 and $61,418,000 or 11.0% and 10.3% of net sales in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. The fiscal 2017 increase was primarily the result of our recent acquisitions of STAHL and Magnetek which added $2,272,000 in recurring general and administrated expenses. STAHL acquisition and integration costs of $8,815,000 offset prior year non-recurring Magnetek acquisition and severance costs of $8,046,000, netting to a $769,000 increase in fiscal 2017. Additional increase to general and administrative expenses were the result of CEO retirement and search costs of $3,085,000 and additional legal costs incurred for a legal action against our prior product liability insurance carriers of $1,359,000. Foreign currency translation had a $371,000 favorable impact on general and administrative expenses. Research and development expenses were $10,482,000 and $7,393,000 in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. As a percentage of consolidated net sales, research and development expenses were 1.6% and 1.2% in fiscal 2017 and 2016. The fiscal 2017 increase was primarily the result of our recent acquisitions of STAHL and Magnetek which added $2,006,000 in research and development expenses. The remainder of the increase relates to global initiatives to develop new products. 24 Impairment of intangible assets of $1,125,000 in fiscal 2017 relates to the impairment of the indefinite-lived trademark of STB. After performing our annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test, the Company determined that the indefinite-lived STB intangible trademark asset was fully impaired due to lower revenue and resulting cash flows than projected at the time of the acquisition. Amortization of intangibles was $8,105,000 and $5,024,000 in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase relates to additional amortization of intangibles related to the STAHL and Magnetek acquisitions. Interest and debt expense was $10,966,000 and $7,904,000 in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in interest and debt expense relates to additional debt from the Magnetek and STAHL acquisitions. The fiscal 2017 debt extinguishment costs of $1,303,000 relates to the write off of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with our previous term loan and revolving credit facility refinanced as part of the STAHL acquisition. This transaction is discussed in more detail in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section. Investment income of $462,000 and $796,000 in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to earnings on marketable securities held in the Company’s wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary. Foreign currency exchange loss was $1,232,000 and $2,215,000 in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively, as a result of foreign currency volatility related to foreign currency denominated purchases and intercompany debt. Fiscal 2017 foreign currency exchange loss includes a loss on a foreign currency option related to the acquisition of STAHL in the amount of $1,590,000. Other income (expense), net remained relatively stable and was $93,000 and $377,000 in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. Income tax expense as a percentage of income from continuing operations before income tax expense was 31.0% and 38.1% in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. These percentages vary from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to varying effective tax rates at the Company's foreign subsidiaries, and the jurisdictional mix of taxable income for these subsidiaries. The effective tax rate for the fiscal 2017 was affected unfavorably by 16.3 percentage points due to non-deductible STAHL acquisition costs which were offset by 11.3 percentage points due to the reversal of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance within our foreign subsidiaries. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Cash and cash equivalents totaled $63,021,000, $77,591,000, and $51,603,000 at March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Cash flow provided by operating activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $69,661,000, $60,450,000, and $52,645,000 in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. In fiscal 2018, in addition to net income and non-cash adjustments to net income, net cash provided by operating activities increased as a result of an increase in accrued liabilities of $11,918,000 (of which approximately $7,900,000 is due to additional annual incentive plan accruals), offset by an increase in inventories and decrease in non-current liabilities of $12,249,000 and $16,700,000, respectively. The decrease in non-current liabilities was primarily due to $11,211,000 in contributions made to our pension plans. In addition to net income and non-cash adjustments to net income in fiscal 2017, net cash provided by operating activities increased as a result of an overall decrease in inventories of $8,173,000, excluding the effects of acquisitions. This increase in cash was offset by a decrease in accrued liabilities and non-current liabilities of $2,380,000 and $3,085,000, respectively. The decrease in non-current liabilities was primarily due to $6,140,000 in contributions made to our pension plans, excluding the effects of acquisitions. Cash flow used by investing activities Net cash used by investing activities was $32,298,000, $224,039,000, and $203,229,000 in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. In fiscal 2018, the most significant use of cash used by investing activities was $14,750,000 in net cash paid to the former owner of STAHL related to a profit sharing agreement, net of a purchase price working capital refund. Capital expenditures for fiscal 2018 totaled $14,515,000. Further, the Company paid cash for an investment accounted for under the equity method in the amount of $3,359,000. Offsetting these uses of cash is $326,000 in net cash proceeds from the sale of marketable equity securities. 25 The most significant use of cash for investing activities in fiscal 2017 relates to our acquisition of STAHL which totaled $218,846,000, net of cash acquired. Capital expenditures for fiscal 2017 totaled $14,368,000. Offsetting these uses of cash is $10,765,000 in net cash proceeds from the sale of marketable equity securities. Cash flow (used) provided by financing activities Net cash provided (used) by financing activities was $(59,502,000), $190,121,000, and $137,003,000 in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. In fiscal 2018, the most significant uses of cash were repayments on debt of $60,144,000, of which $57,037,000 was principal payments on our Term Loan, and $619,000 in fees paid for the debt repricing. The remaining net cash used for financing activities primarily relates to dividends paid of $3,658,000 and $1,413,000 in net outflows from stock related transactions, offset by $6,332,000 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. The most significant sources of cash in fiscal 2017 were borrowings under our New Credit Facility of $445,000,000 and the issuance of additional equity resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $50,000,000 which were used to repay the previous credit facility and fund the STAHL acquisition. The Company paid $19,409,000 in debt and equity related fees related to these transactions. In connection with the acquisition of Ergomatic, the Company withheld $588,000 to be paid to the seller upon satisfaction of certain conditions. This cash was classified as other assets on the Company's balance sheet and was classified as a use of cash for financing activities. The remaining net cash used for financing activities in fiscal 2017 primarily relates to dividends paid of $3,326,000 and $1,265,000 from stock related transactions, offset by $439,000 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. 26 We believe that our cash on hand, cash flows, and borrowing capacity under our New Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to fund our ongoing operations and budgeted capital expenditures for at least the next twelve months. This belief is dependent upon successful execution of our current business plan and effective working capital utilization. No material restriction exists in accessing cash held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2018, $52,636,000 of cash and cash equivalents were held by foreign subsidiaries. The Company is evaluating the possibility of repatriating foreign cash as a result of the Act. Through January 31, 2017 the Company had outstanding $131,500,000 under a revolving credit facility ("Replaced Revolving Credit Facility"). The Replaced Revolving Credit Facility provided availability up to a maximum of $225,000,000 and had an initial term ending January 23, 2020. Through January 31, 2017 the Company, Columbus McKinnon Dutch Holdings 3 B.V. (“BV 3”), and Columbus McKinnon EMEA GmbH (“EMEA GMBH”) as borrowers (collectively referred to as the "Borrowers"), had outstanding $103,125,000 principal amount of a senior secured Term Loan ("Replaced Term Loan") which was to mature on February 19, 2020. As described in Note 2, on January 31, 2017 the Company entered into a New Credit Agreement ("New Credit Agreement") and $545,000,000 of new debt facilities ("New Facilities") in connection with the STAHL acquisition. The New Facilities consisted of a New Revolving Facility ("Revolver") in the amount of $100,000,000 and a $445,000,000 1st Lien Term Loan ("New Term Loan"). Proceeds from the New Facilities were used to fund the STAHL acquisition, pay fees and expenses associated with the acquisition, and refinance the Company's Replaced Revolving Credit Facility and Replaced Term Loan. The New Term Loan has a seven-year term maturing in 2024 and the Revolver has a five-year term maturing in 2022. At March 31, 2018 the Company has not drawn from the Revolver. The key terms of the agreement are as follows: • Term Loan: An aggregate $445,000,000 1st Lien Term Loan which requires quarterly principal amortization of 0.25% with the remaining principal due at maturity date. In addition, if the Company has Excess Cash Flow ("ECF") as defined in the New Credit Agreement, the ECF Percentage of the Excess Cash Flow for such fiscal year minus optional prepayment of the Loans (except prepayments of Revolving Loans that are not accompanied by a corresponding permanent reduction of Revolving Commitments) pursuant to Section 2.10(a) of the New Credit Agreement other than to the extent that any such prepayment is funded with the proceeds of Funded Debt, shall be applied toward the prepayment of the New Term Loan. The ECF Percentage is defined as 50% stepping down to 25% or 0% based on the Secured Leverage Ratio as of the last day of the fiscal year. • Revolver: An aggregate $100,000,000 secured revolving facility which includes sublimits for the issuance of standby letters of credit, swingline loans and multi-currency borrowings in certain specified foreign currencies. • • Fees and Interest Rates: Commitment fees and interest rates are determined on the basis of either a Eurocurrency rate or a Base rate plus an applicable margin based upon the Company's Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the New Credit Agreement). Prepayments: Provisions permitting a Borrower to voluntarily prepay either the Term Loan or Revolver in whole or in part at any time, and provisions requiring certain mandatory prepayments of the Term Loan or Revolver on the occurrence of certain events which will permanently reduce the commitments under the New Credit Agreement, each without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of certain costs of the Lenders. A prepayment premium of 1% of the principal amount of the First Lien Term Loans is required if the prepayment is associated with a Repricing Transaction and it were to occur within the first twelve months. • Covenants: Provisions containing covenants required of the Corporation and its subsidiaries including various affirmative and negative financial and operational covenants. The key financial covenant is triggered only on any date when any Extension of Credit under the Revolving Facility is outstanding (excluding any Letters of Credit) (the “Covenant Trigger”), and permits the Total Leverage Ratio for the Reference Period ended on such date to not exceed (i) 4.50:1.00 as of any date of determination prior to December 31, 2017, (ii) 4.00:1.00 as of any date of determination on December 31, 2017 and thereafter but prior to December 31, 2018, (iii) 3.50:1.00 as of any date of determination on December 31, 2018 and thereafter but prior to December 31, 2019 and (iv) 3.00:1.00 as of any date of determination on December 31, 2019 and thereafter. As there is no amount drawn on the Revolver as of March 31, 2017 the covenant is not triggered. Had we been required to determine the covenant ratio as of March 31, 2018, we would have been in compliance with the covenant provisions. 27 The New Facility is secured by all U.S. inventory, receivables, equipment, real property, subsidiary stock (limited to 65% of non- U.S. subsidiaries) and intellectual property. The New Credit Agreement allows, but limits our ability to pay dividends. On February 26, 2018, the Company amended the New Credit Agreement (known as the "Amended Credit Agreement"). The Amended Credit Agreement has the same terms mentioned above except for a reduction in interest rates. The applicable rate for the repriced term loan was reduced from 3.00% to 2.50%. The Company has accounted for the Amended Credit Agreement as a debt modification, therefore, debt repricing fees incurred in fiscal 2018 were expensed as general and administrative expenses and the deferred financing fees incurred as part of the New Credit Agreement (discussed below) remain unchanged. As mentioned above, on January 31, 2017 the Company borrowed $445,000,000 under the New Term Loan. The Company repaid the amount outstanding for the Replaced Revolving Credit Facility and Replaced Term Loan ($131,500,000 and $103,125,000, respectively) plus $652,000 in accrued interest and fees. The cost of debt refinancing on the Company's consolidated statement of operations includes the write-off of previously unamortized deferred financing costs and other expenses of $1,303,000 in fiscal 2017. The outstanding balance of the New Term Loan was $375,463,000 and $432,500,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company made $57,037,000 of principal payment on the New Term Loan during fiscal 2018 and $9,375,000 of principal payments on the Replaced Term Loan and $12,500,000 of principal payment on the New Term Loan during fiscal 2017. The Company is obligated to make $4,450,000 of principal payments over the next 12 months, however, plans to pay down $60,000,000 in total. This amount has been recorded within the current portion of long term debt on the Company's consolidated balance sheet with the remaining balance recorded as long-term debt. There was $0 outstanding on the New Revolving Credit Facility and $4,478,000 outstanding letters of credit as of March 31, 2018. The outstanding letters of credit at March 31, 2018 consisted of $745,000 in commercial letters of credit and $3,733,000 of standby letters of credit. In connection with the acquisition of STAHL, the Company assumed a loan that STAHL CraneSystems Shanghai Co Ltd ("STAHL China") entered into on November 22, 2016 with Dalian Konecranes Co Ltd ("Konecranes"). The principal amount loaned to STAHL China in the amount of 18,000,000 Yuan (approximately $2,608,000 as of March 31, 2017) was used to meet working capital needs. The annual interest rate was 4.35% with an original maturity date of February 24, 2017. The term of the loan was extended through a loan amendment with a new maturity date of May 24, 2017. Therefore, this loan was classified in current portion of long-term debt at March 31, 2017. The Company repaid the loan in full in fiscal 2018. The gross balance of deferred financing costs on the term loan was $14,690,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. The accumulated amortization balances were $2,447,000 and $350,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. All of the deferred financing costs on the Replaced Term Loan were extinguished and are included in the cost of debt refinancing on the Company's consolidated statement of operations as of March 31, 2017. The gross balance of deferred financing costs associated with the New Revolving Credit Facility and Replaced Revolving Credit Facility are included in other assets is $2,789,000 as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017. The accumulated amortization balances were $651,000 and $93,000 as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 respectively. The balance includes $605,000 and $763,000 as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively, related to the Replaced Revolving Credit Facility as certain lenders in the Replaced Revolving Credit Facility participate in the New Revolving Credit Facility. These balances are classified in other assets since no funds were drawn on the New Revolving Credit Facility in fiscal 2018 and 2017. On June 22, 2007, the Company recorded a capital lease resulting from the sale and partial leaseback of its facility in Charlotte, North Carolina under a 10 year lease agreement. The Company also has capital leases on certain production machinery and equipment. The outstanding balance on the capital lease obligations of $98,000 and $551,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are included in senior debt in the consolidated balance sheets. $64,000 of the capital lease liability has been recorded within the current portion of long term debt on the Company's consolidated balance sheet with the remaining balance recorded as long term debt. Unsecured and uncommitted lines of credit are available to meet short-term working capital needs for certain of our subsidiaries operating outside of the U.S. The lines of credit are available on an offering basis, meaning that transactions under the line of credit will be on such terms and conditions, including interest rate, maturity, representations, covenants, and events of default, as mutually agreed between our subsidiaries and the local bank at the time of each specific transaction. As of March 31, 2018, unsecured credit lines totaled approximately $5,176,000, of which $0 was drawn. In addition, unsecured lines of $17,877,000 were available for bank guarantees issued in the normal course of business of which $11,668,000 was utilized. 28 CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS The following table reflects a summary of our contractual obligations in millions of dollars as of March 31, 2018, by period of estimated payments due: Long-term debt obligations (a) Operating lease obligations (b) Purchase obligations (c) Interest obligations (d) Letter of credit obligations Bank guarantees Uncertain tax positions Total Fiscal 2019 Fiscal 2020- Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2022- Fiscal 2023 $ 375.5 $ 4.5 $ 8.9 $ 39.5 — 121.8 4.5 11.7 0.6 10.2 — 18.0 1.4 11.7 0.6 — 46.4 $ 12.7 — 35.6 3.1 — — 17.8 78.1 More Than Five Years $ 353.2 8.8 — 33.2 — — — 8.9 7.8 — 35.0 — — — Other long-term liabilities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet under GAAP (e) Total 224.0 777.6 $ $ 55.3 107.0 $ 150.9 546.1 $ (a) As described in Note 11 to consolidated financial statements. (b) As described in Note 17 to consolidated financial statements. (c) We have no purchase obligations specifying fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased. We estimate that, at any given point in time, our cancelable open purchase orders to be executed in the normal course of business approximate $54 million. (d) Estimated for our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility and interest rate swaps as described in Note 9 and Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements. Calculated using a Eurocurrency rate of 2.30% plus an applicable margin of 2.50%. (e) For additional details, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements. Excludes uncertain tax positions of $0.1 million shown separately above. We have no additional off-balance sheet obligations that are not reflected above. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES In addition to keeping our current equipment and plants properly maintained, we are committed to replacing, enhancing, and upgrading our property, plant and equipment to support new product development, improve productivity and customer responsiveness, reduce production costs, increase flexibility to respond effectively to market fluctuations and changes, meet environmental requirements, and enhance safety. Our capital expenditures for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $14,515,000, $14,368,000, and 22,320,000 respectively. Excluded from fiscal 2018 capital expenditures is $0, $0, and $1,638,000 in property, plant and equipment purchases included in accounts payable at March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. We expect capital expenditure spending in fiscal 2019 to range between $15,000,000 and $20,000,000, excluding acquisitions and strategic alliances. INFLATION AND OTHER MARKET CONDITIONS Our costs are affected by inflation in the U.S. economy and, to a lesser extent, in non-U.S. economies including those of Europe, Canada, Mexico, South America, and Asia-Pacific. We do not believe that general inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations over the periods presented primarily due to overall low inflation levels over such periods and our ability to generally pass on rising costs through annual price increases and surcharges. However, increases in U.S. employee benefits costs such as health insurance and workers compensation insurance have exceeded general inflation levels. In the future, we may be further affected by inflation that we may not be able to pass on as price increases. With changes in worldwide demand for steel and fluctuating scrap steel prices over the past several years, we experienced fluctuations in our costs that we have reflected as price increases and surcharges to our customers. We believe we have been successful in instituting surcharges and price increases to pass on these material cost increases. We will continue to monitor our costs and reevaluate our pricing policies. 29 SEASONALITY AND QUARTERLY RESULTS Our quarterly results may be materially affected by the timing of large customer orders, periods of high vacation and holiday concentrations, restructuring charges, and other costs attributable to plan closures as well as divestitures and acquisitions. Therefore, our operating results for any particular fiscal quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any subsequent fiscal quarter or for the full fiscal year. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We continually evaluate the estimates and their underlying assumptions, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of our assets and liabilities. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates. If interpreted differently under different conditions or circumstances, changes in our estimates could result in material changes to our reported results. We have identified below the accounting policies involving estimates that are critical to our financial statements. Other accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition. Sales are recorded when title passes to the customer which is generally at the time of shipment to the customer. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, but generally does not require collateral to support customer receivables. The credit risk is controlled through credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures. Accounts receivable are reported at net realizable value and do not accrue interest. Sales tax is excluded from revenue. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits. The determination of the obligations and expense for pension and postretirement benefits is dependent on our selection of certain assumptions that are used by actuaries in calculating such amounts. Those assumptions are disclosed in Note 12 to our fiscal 2018 consolidated financial statements and include the discount rates, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and rates of future increases in compensation and healthcare costs. Changes in these assumptions can result in the calculation of different plan expense and liability amounts. Further, actual experience can differ from the assumptions and these differences are typically accounted for as actuarial gains or losses that are amortized over future periods. The weighted average pension discount rate assumptions of 3.49%, 3.65%, and 4.30%, as of March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, are based on long-term AA rated corporate and municipal bond rates. The weighted average expected long term rate of return on plan assets assumptions of 6.77%, 7.23%, and 7.22% for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, is based on the targeted plan asset allocation which follows a sliding risk scale based on funding levels (approximately 46% - 42% equities and 54% - 58% fixed income) and their long-term historical returns. Our under-funded status for all pension plans as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $135,539,000 and $150,431,000, or 29.3% and 31.9% of the projected benefit obligation, respectively. Our pension contributions during fiscal 2018 and 2017 were approximately $11,211,000 and $6,140,000, respectively. The under- funded status may result in future pension expense increases. Pension expense (benefit) for the March 31, 2019 fiscal year is expected to approximate a benefit of ($602,000), compared to fiscal 2018 expense of $690,000. The benefit expected in fiscal 2019 is the result of amendments to two of the Company's U.S pension plans which froze benefits. Pension funding contributions for the March 31, 2019 fiscal year are expected to approximate $11,353,000. The weighted-average compensation increase assumption of 0.39%, 0.39%, and 0.44% as of March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively is based on expected wage trends and historical patterns. The healthcare costs inflation assumptions of 6.3%, 6.5%, and 6.8% for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, are based on anticipated trends. While the healthcare inflation rate assumptions have been decreasing, healthcare costs continue to outpace inflation in the U.S. Insurance Reserves. Our accrued general and product liability reserves as described in Note 15 to consolidated financial statements involve actuarial techniques including the methods selected to estimate ultimate claims, and assumptions including emergence patterns, payment patterns, initial expected losses, and increased limit factors. These actuarial estimates are subject to a high degree of uncertainty due to a variety of factors, including extended lag time in the reporting and resolution of claims, trends or changes in claim settlement patterns, insurance industry practices, and legal interpretations. Changes to these estimates could result in material changes to the amount of expense and liabilities recorded in our financial statements. Further, actual costs could differ significantly from the estimated amounts. Adjustments to estimated reserves are recorded in the period in which the change in estimate occurs. Other insurance reserves such as workers compensation and group health insurance are based on actual historical and current claim data provided by third party administrators or internally maintained. 30 Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing. Our goodwill balance of $347,434,000 as of March 31, 2018 is subject to impairment testing. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually, as of the end of February, and more frequently whenever events occur or circumstances change that indicate there may be impairment. These events or circumstances could include a significant long-term adverse change in the business climate, poor indicators of operating performance, or a sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. We test goodwill at the reporting unit level, which is one level below our operating segment. We identify our reporting units by assessing whether the components of our operating segment constitute businesses for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of those components. We also aggregate components that have similar economic characteristics into single reporting units (for example, similar products and / or services, similar long- term financial results, product processes, classes of customers, or in circumstances where the components share assets or other resources and have other economic interdependencies). We have four reporting units, only two of which have goodwill. Duff- Norton and Rest of Products reporting units have goodwill totaling $9,721,000, and $337,713,000, respectively, at March 31, 2018. When we evaluate the potential for goodwill impairment, we assess a range of qualitative factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for our products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy, and changes in key personnel and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative impairment test. We also proceed to the quantitative model when economic or other business factors indicate that the fair value of our reporting units may have declined since our last quantitative test. We performed the qualitative assessment as of February 28, 2018 and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of each of our reporting units was less than that its applicable carrying value. Accordingly, we did not perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test for any of our reporting units during fiscal 2018. We further test our indefinite-lived intangible asset balance of $48,874,000 consisting of trademarks on our recent acquisitions on an annual basis for impairment. Similar to goodwill, we first assess various qualitative factors in the analysis. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative impairment test. We performed the qualitative assessment as of February 28, 2018 and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of each of our indefinite-lived intangible assets was less than that its applicable carrying value, other than Magnetek's indefinite-lived trademark. We proceeded to the quantitative test for this intangible asset. The methodology used to value the Magnetek indefinite-lived trademark is the relief from royalty method. If the recorded book value of the trademark is in excess of the calculated fair value, an impairment is indicated. The key estimate used in this calculation consists of an overall royalty rate applied to the sales covered by the trademark. After performing the analysis, it was determined that the fair value of the Magnetek indefinite-lived trademark exceeded its carrying value, and as such, no other impairment was recorded. Purchase Price Allocations for Business Combinations. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, we completed a business combination for a total purchase price of $248,246,000. Under purchase accounting, we recorded assets and liabilities at fair value as of the acquisition dates. We identified and assigned value to trademarks and trade names, customer relationships, favorable supply agreements, backlog, and technology. We estimated the useful lives over which these intangible assets would be amortized. Valuations of these assets were performed largely using discounted cash flow models and estimates of replacement cost. These valuations support the conclusion that identifiable intangible assets had a value of $143,039,000. The resulting goodwill was $150,386,000. Assigning value to intangible assets requires estimates used in projecting relevant future cash flows and estimates of replacement costs, in addition to estimating useful lives of such assets. Accounts Receivable Reserves. Allowances for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves are also judgmentally determined based on formulas applied to historical bad debt write-offs and credit memos issued, assessing potentially uncollectible customer accounts, and analyzing the accounts receivable aging. Accounts receivable are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts once all collection efforts have been exhausted. At March 31, 2018 the allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $3,520,000. Impairment of depreciable and amortizable long-lived assets. Property, plant and equipment and certain intangibles are depreciated or amortized over their assigned lives. We test long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable and exceed their fair market value. The following summarizes the value of long-lived assets subject to impairment testing when events or circumstances indicate potential impairment (amounts in millions): 31 Property, plant and equipment, net Acquired intangibles with estimable useful lives Other assets Balance as of March 31, 2018 $ 113.1 214.9 17.8 Impairment may exist if the carrying amount of the asset in question exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. The impairment loss, if any, would be measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair market value as determined by appropriate valuation techniques. Marketable Securities. On a quarterly basis, we review our marketable securities for declines in market value that may be considered other than temporary. We generally consider market value declines to be other than temporary if there are declines for a period longer than six months and in excess of 20% of original cost. We also consider the nature of the underlying investments and other market conditions or when other evidence indicates impairment. Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements Information regarding the effects of new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 21 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in this March 31, 2018 10-K report. Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 This report may include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by such statements, including general economic and business conditions, conditions affecting the industries served by us and our subsidiaries, conditions affecting our customers and suppliers, competitor responses to our products and services, the overall market acceptance of such products and services, facility consolidations and other restructurings, our asbestos-related liability, the integration of acquisitions, and other factors disclosed in our periodic reports filed with the Commission. Consequently such forward-looking statements should be regarded as our current plans, estimates and beliefs. We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward- looking statements that may be made to reflect any future events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. 32 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates. We are exposed to various market risks, including commodity prices for raw materials, foreign currency exchange rates, and changes in interest rates. We may enter into financial instrument transactions, which attempt to manage and reduce the impact of such changes. We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Our primary commodity risk is related to changes in the price of steel. We control this risk through negotiating purchase contracts on a consolidated basis and by attempting to build changes in raw material costs into the selling prices of or surcharges on our products. We have not entered into financial instrument transactions related to raw material costs. In fiscal 2018, 47% of our net sales were from manufacturing plants and sales offices in foreign jurisdictions. We manufacture our products in the United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Hungary, Mexico, and France and sell our products in approximately 50 countries. Our results of operations could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. With our fiscal year 2017 acquisition of STAHL, we have an increased presence in the United Arab Emirates, with total assets of approximately $15,200,000. Our operating results are exposed to fluctuations between the U.S. Dollar and the Canadian Dollar, European currencies, the South African Rand, the Mexican Peso, the Brazilian Real, and the Chinese Yuan. For example, when the U.S. dollar weakens against the Euro, the value of our net sales and net income denominated in Euros increases when translated into U.S. dollars for inclusion in our consolidated results. We are also exposed to foreign currency fluctuations in relation to purchases denominated in foreign currencies. Our foreign currency risk is mitigated since the majority of our foreign operations’ net sales and the related expense transactions are denominated in the same currency so therefore a significant change in foreign exchange rates would likely have a very minor impact on net income. For example, a 10% change in the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to our most significant foreign currency exposures would have had an impact of approximately $3,000,000 on our income from operations. In addition, the majority of our export sale transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Company has cross currency swap agreements that are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge changes in the value of intercompany loans to a foreign subsidiary due to changes in foreign exchange rates. This intercompany loan is related to the acquisition of STAHL. The notional amount of these derivatives is $215,130,000, and all of the contracts mature by January 31, 2022. From its March 31, 2018 balance of accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss), or “AOCL,” the Company expects to reclassify approximately $132,000 out of AOCL, and into foreign currency exchange loss (gain), during the next 12 months based on the contractual payments due under these intercompany loans. The Company has foreign currency forward agreements in place to offset changes in the value of other intercompany loans to foreign subsidiaries due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The notional amount of these derivatives is $3,500,000 and all of the contracts mature by June 30, 2018. These contracts are marked to market each balance sheet date and are not designated as hedges. The Company has foreign currency forward agreements that are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge a portion of forecasted inventory purchases denominated in foreign currencies. The notional amount of those derivatives is $13,474,000 and all contracts mature by March 31, 2019. From its March 31, 2018 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $10,000 out of AOCL during the next 12 months based on the underlying transactions of the sales of the goods purchased. The Company's policy is to maintain a capital structure that is comprised of 50-70% of fixed rate long-term debt and 30-50% of variable rate long-term debt. The Company entered into two interest rate swap agreements in which the Company receives interest at a variable rate and pays interest at a fixed rate. These interest rate swap agreements are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge changes in interest expense due to changes in the variable interest rate of the senior secured term loan. The amortizing interest rate swaps mature by December 31, 2023 and have a total notional amount of $229,830,000 as of March 31, 2018. The effective portion of the changes in fair values of the interest rate swaps is reported in AOCL and will be reclassified to interest expense over the life of the swap agreements. The ineffective portion was not material and was recognized in the current period interest expense. From its March 31, 2018 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $503,000 out of AOCL, and into interest expense, during the next 12 months. 33 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data. INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Columbus McKinnon Corporation Audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2018: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Description of Business Accounting Principles and Practices Acquisitions Fair Value Measurements Inventories Marketable Securities and Other Investments Property, Plant, and Equipment Goodwill and Intangible Assets Derivative Instruments Accrued Liabilities and Other Non-current Liabilities Debt Pensions and Other Benefit Plans Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Earnings per Share and Stock Plans Loss Contingencies Income Taxes Rental Expense and Lease Commitments Business Segment Information Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts. 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 41 45 47 50 50 52 52 54 57 58 60 67 67 72 76 79 80 81 82 84 86 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Columbus McKinnon Corporation Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Columbus McKinnon Corporation (the Company) as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2018, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at March 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated May 30, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since at least 1917, but we are unable to determine the specific year. Buffalo, New York May 30, 2018 35 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS Current assets: ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts ($3,520 and $2,676, respectively) Inventories Prepaid expenses and other Total current assets Net property, plant, and equipment Goodwill Other intangibles, net Marketable securities Deferred taxes on income Other assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Trade accounts payable Accrued liabilities Current portion of long-term debt Total current liabilities Senior debt, less current portion Term loan and revolving credit facility Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Shareholders’ equity: Voting common stock: 50,000,000 shares authorized; 23,045,479 and 22,565,613 shares issued and outstanding Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total shareholders’ equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity See accompanying notes. March 31, 2018 2017 (In thousands, except share data) $ 63,021 $ 77,591 127,806 152,886 16,582 360,295 113,079 347,434 263,764 7,673 32,442 17,759 $ 1,142,446 111,569 130,643 21,147 340,950 113,028 319,299 256,183 7,686 61,857 14,840 $ 1,113,843 $ $ 46,970 99,963 60,064 206,997 33 303,221 223,966 734,217 40,994 97,397 52,568 190,959 41 368,710 212,783 772,493 230 269,360 197,897 (59,258) 408,229 $ 1,142,446 226 258,853 179,735 (97,464) 341,350 $ 1,113,843 36 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended March 31, 2017 (In thousands, except per share data) 2016 2018 Net sales Cost of products sold Gross profit Selling expenses General and administrative expenses Research and development expenses Impairment of intangible asset Amortization of intangibles Income from operations Interest and debt expense Cost of debt refinancing Investment (income) loss, net Foreign currency exchange loss (gain), net Other (income) expense, net Income from continuing operations before income tax expense Income tax expense Net income Average basic shares outstanding Average diluted shares outstanding Basic income per share Diluted income per share Dividends declared per common share $ $ $ $ $ 839,419 554,845 284,574 101,956 83,350 13,617 — 15,552 70,099 19,733 — (157) 1,539 (701) 49,685 27,620 22,065 22,841 23,335 0.97 0.95 0.17 $ $ $ $ $ 637,123 444,191 192,932 77,319 69,928 10,482 1,125 8,105 25,973 10,966 1,303 (462) 1,232 (93) 13,027 4,043 8,984 20,591 20,888 0.44 0.43 0.16 $ $ $ $ $ 597,103 409,840 187,263 72,858 61,418 7,393 — 5,024 40,570 7,904 — (796) 2,215 (377) 31,624 12,045 19,579 20,079 20,315 0.98 0.96 0.16 See accompanying notes. 37 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Net income Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: March 31, 2017 2016 2018 (In thousands) $ 22,065 $ 8,984 $ 19,579 Foreign currency translation adjustments Pension liability adjustments, net of taxes of $(4,981), $(6,043), and $4,635 Other post retirement obligations adjustments, net of taxes of $(153), $(317), and $(372) Split-dollar life insurance arrangement adjustments, net of taxes of $(70), $(82), and $(66) Change in derivatives qualifying as hedges, net of taxes of $(1,519), $900, and $430 21,717 12,047 (9,379) 9,453 3,650 (5,394) 484 524 604 206 3,563 131 (3,514) 105 (1,031) Change in investments: Unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during the period, net of taxes of $(124), $(93), and $43 Reclassification adjustment for gain included in net income, net of taxes of $0, $56, and $83 Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments Total other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income 189 — 189 38,206 $ 60,271 $ 173 (79) (105) 68 (2,717) 6,267 $ (154) (233) (2,299) 17,280 See accompanying notes. 38 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (In thousands, except share data) Common Stock ($0.01 par value) Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total Shareholders’ Equity Balance at April 1, 2015 Net income 2016 Dividends declared $ Change in foreign currency translation adjustment Change in net unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $126 Change in derivatives qualifying as hedges, net of tax of $430 Change in pension liability and postretirement obligations, net of tax of $4,197 Stock compensation - directors Stock options exercised, 16,033 shares Stock compensation expense Tax effect of exercise of stock options Shares retired Restricted stock units released, 75,370 shares, net of shares withheld for minimum statutory tax obligation Balance at March 31, 2016 Net income 2017 Dividends declared Change in foreign currency translation adjustment Change in net unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $(37) Change in derivatives qualifying as hedges, net of tax of $900 Change in pension liability and postretirement obligations, net of tax of $(6,442) Stock compensation - directors Stock options exercised, 27,848 shares Stock compensation expense Tax effect of exercise of stock options Issuance of 2,273,000 shares of common stock in January 2017 offering at $22.00 per share, net of issuance costs of $2,700 Restricted stock units released, 154,897 shares, net of shares withheld for minimum statutory tax obligation Balance at March 31, 2017 Net income 2018 Dividends declared Change in foreign currency translation adjustment Change in net unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $(124) Change in derivatives qualifying as hedges, net of tax of $(1,519) Change in pension liability and postretirement obligations, net of tax of $(5,205) Stock compensation - directors Stock options exercised, 363,091 shares Stock compensation expense Restricted stock units released, 116,775 shares, net of shares withheld for minimum statutory tax obligation 200 — — — — — — — 1 — — — — $ 203,156 $ 157,811 $ (92,448) $ 268,719 — — — — — — 440 242 3,623 118 (10) (887) 19,579 (3,217) — — — — — — — — — — — — 3,650 (233) (1,031) (4,685) — — — — — — 19,579 (3,217) 3,650 (233) (1,031) (4,685) 440 243 3,623 118 (10) (887) $ 201 $ 206,682 $ 174,173 $ (94,747) $ 286,309 — — — — — — — 2 — — 23 — — — — — — — 440 439 5,474 (197) 47,283 (1,268) 8,984 (3,422) — — — — — — — — — — — — (9,379) 68 (3,514) 10,108 — — — — — — 8,984 (3,422) (9,379) 68 (3,514) 10,108 440 441 5,474 (197) 47,306 (1,268) $ 226 $ 258,853 $ 179,735 $ (97,464) $ 341,350 — — — — — — — 4 — — — — — — — — 430 6,328 5,156 (1,407) 22,065 (3,903) — — — — — — — — — — 21,717 189 3,563 12,737 — — — — 22,065 (3,903) 21,717 189 3,563 12,737 430 6,332 5,156 (1,407) Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 230 $ 269,360 $ 197,897 $ (59,258) $ 408,229 See accompanying notes. 39 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Deferred income taxes and related valuation allowance Loss on sale of real estate/investments and other Cost of debt repricing/refinancing Impairment of tangible assets Amortization of deferred financing costs and discount on debt Stock-based compensation Purchase accounting adjustment related to working capital amortization Net loss on foreign exchange option Impairment of intangible asset Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions and divestitures: Trade accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid expenses and other Other assets Trade accounts payable Accrued liabilities Non-current liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Investing activities: Proceeds from sales of marketable securities Purchases of marketable securities Capital expenditures Net loss on foreign exchange option Purchases of businesses, net of cash acquired Net payment to former STAHL owner Cash paid for equity investment Net cash used for investing activities Financing activities: Proceeds from the issuance of common stock Payment of dividends Restricted cash related to purchase of business Net borrowings (repayments) under lines of credit Repayment of debt Proceeds from issuance of long term debt Fees related to debt repricing/refinancing and equity offerings Other Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Supplementary cash flows data: Interest paid Income taxes paid, net of refunds Property, plant and equipment purchases included in trade accounts payable Non cash release of restricted cash $ $ $ $ $ See accompanying notes. 40 Year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) $ 22,065 $ 8,984 $ 19,579 36,136 19,968 47 619 — 2,681 5,586 — — — (9,308) (12,249) 1,727 3,338 3,833 11,918 (16,700) 69,661 653 (327) (14,515) — 25,162 489 14 1,303 — 1,015 5,914 8,852 1,590 1,125 (785) 8,173 6,121 (3,044) 1,002 (2,380) (3,085) 60,450 12,336 (1,571) (14,368) (1,590) 20,531 7,336 34 — 429 600 4,063 — — — 12,409 2,483 (375) 3,179 (5,308) (5,799) (6,516) 52,645 5,869 (4,311) (22,320) — — (218,846) (182,467) — — — — (224,039) (203,229) (14,750) (3,359) (32,298) 6,332 (3,658) — — (60,144) — (619) (1,413) (59,502) 7,569 (14,570) 77,591 63,021 18,914 706 $ $ $ 50,439 (3,326) (588) (155,000) (125,730) 445,000 (19,409) (1,265) 190,121 (544) 25,988 51,603 77,591 10,633 1,893 $ $ $ 242 (3,212) — 154,057 (13,187) — — (897) 137,003 2,128 (11,453) 63,056 51,603 7,649 4,175 1,638 822 — $ 294 $ — $ — $ COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) 1. Description of Business Columbus McKinnon Corporation (the Company) is a leading global designer, manufacturer and marketer of hoists, actuators, cranes, rigging tools, digital power control systems, and other material handling products, which efficiently and safely move, lift, position, and secure materials. Key products include hoists, rigging tools, cranes, actuators, digital power control and delivery systems, and elevator application drive systems. On January 31, 2017, the Company acquired STAHL CraneSystems (“STAHL”). STAHL is a leading manufacturer of explosion-protected hoists and crane components specializing in custom engineering of lifting solutions and hoisting technology. STAHL serves independent crane builders and Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) firms, providing products to a variety of end markets including automotive, general manufacturing, oil & gas, steel & concrete, power generation as well as process industries such as chemical and pharmaceuticals. The Company’s material handling products are sold globally, principally to third party distributors through diverse distribution channels, and to a lesser extent directly to end-users. During fiscal 2018, approximately 53% of sales were to customers in the United States. 2. Accounting Principles and Practices Advertising Costs associated with advertising are expensed as incurred and are included in selling expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expenses were $2,683,000, $1,748,000, and $1,690,000 in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers as cash equivalents all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Concentrations of Labor Approximately 10% of the Company’s employees are represented by three separate U.S. collective bargaining agreements which expire May 2020, April 2021, and September 2021. Consolidation These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its global subsidiaries; all significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Equity Method Investment The Company has an investment in Eastern Morris Cranes Company Limited (EMC) whose principal activity is to manufacture various electrical overhead traveling cranes. This investment represents a minority ownership interest that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting since the Company has significant influence over the investee. As a result, the Company records its portion of the gains and losses incurred by this entity in Investment (income) loss in the consolidated statements of operations. Foreign Currency Translations The Company translates foreign currency financial statements as described in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” Under this method, all items of income and expense are translated to U.S. dollars at average exchange rates during the year. All assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at the year-end exchange rate. Gains or losses on translations are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the shareholders’ equity section of the balance sheet. The functional currency is the foreign currency in which the foreign subsidiaries 41 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) conduct their business. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are reported in foreign currency exchange loss (gain). There were net losses, including changes in the fair value of derivatives, on foreign currency transactions of approximately $1,539,000, $1,232,000, and $2,215,000 in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350-20-35-1. Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. The fair value of a reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. The Company’s reporting units are determined based upon whether discrete financial information is available and reviewed regularly, whether those units constitute a business, and the extent of economic similarities and interdependencies between those reporting units for purposes of aggregation. The Company’s reporting units identified under ASC Topic 350-20-35-33 are at the component level, or one level below the reporting segment level as defined under ASC Topic 280-10-50-10 “Segment Reporting – Disclosure.” The Company’s one segment is subdivided into four reporting units. Further, as discussed in Note 21, in January 2017 the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (Topic 350)," which removes the requirement to compare the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying value amount as part of step two of the goodwill test. Therefore, an impairment charge is the amount by which the carrying value is greater than the reporting unit's fair value (step one). When the Company evaluates the potential for goodwill impairment, it assesses a range of qualitative factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for its products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel, and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value or if economic or other business factors indicate that the fair value of our reporting units may have declined since our last quantitative test, the Company performs a quantitative test. To perform the quantitative impairment test, the Company uses the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of the reporting units. The discounted cash flow method incorporates various assumptions, the most significant being projected revenue growth rates, operating profit margins and cash flows, the terminal growth rate, and the discount rate. The Company projects revenue growth rates, operating margins and cash flows based on each reporting unit’s current business, expected developments and operational strategies over a five-year period. In estimating the terminal growth rate, the Company considers its historical and projected results, as well as the economic environment in which its reporting units operate. The discount rates utilized for each reporting unit reflect the Company’s assumptions of marketplace participants’ cost of capital and risk assumptions, both specific to the reporting unit and overall in the economy. The Company performed its qualitative assessment as of February 28, 2018 and determined that the quantitative goodwill impairment test was not required for both the Rest of Products reporting unit and the Duff-Norton reporting unit. Based on various conditions in the current fiscal year, such as the Company's financial performance, macroeconomic conditions, and other company specific events, the Rest of Products and Duff Norton reporting units' fair value was likely not less than its applicable carrying value. See Note 8 for further discussion of goodwill and intangible assets. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses impairment of its long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 360 “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” This statement requires long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and purchased intangibles subject to amortization to be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group over its remaining useful life. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. The fair values are determined in accordance with ASC 820. In assessing long-lived assets for an impairment loss, assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Asset grouping requires a significant amount of judgment. Accordingly, facts and circumstances will influence how asset groups are determined for 42 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) impairment testing. In assessing long-lived assets for impairment, management considered the Company’s product line portfolio, customers and related commercial agreements, labor agreements and other factors in grouping assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are independent. The Company considers projected future undiscounted cash flows, trends and other factors in its assessment of whether impairment conditions exist. While the Company believes that its estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding such factors as future production volumes, customer pricing, economics, and productivity and cost initiatives, could significantly affect its estimates. In determining fair value of long-lived assets, management uses management estimates, discounted cash flow calculations, and appraisals where necessary. No impairment was recorded related to long-lived assets in the current year. Intangible Assets At acquisition, the Company estimates and records the fair value of purchased intangible assets which primarily consist of trade names, customer relationships, and technology. The fair values are estimated based on management’s assessment as well as independent third party appraisals. Such valuations may include a discounted cash flow of anticipated revenues resulting from the acquired intangible asset. Amortization of intangible assets with finite lives is recognized over their estimated useful lives using an amortization method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or otherwise realized. The straight line method is used for customer relationships. As a result of the negligible attrition rate in our customer base, the difference between the straight line method and attrition method is not considered significant. The estimated useful lives for our intangible assets range from 1 to 25 years. Similar to goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets (including trademarks on our acquisitions) are tested for impairment on an annual basis. When the Company evaluates the potential for impairment of intangible assets, it assesses a range of qualitative factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for its products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel, and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value or if economic or other business factors indicate that the fair value of our reporting units may have declined since our last quantitative test, the Company performs a new quantitative test. The methodology used to value trademarks is the relief from royalty method. The recorded book value of these trademarks in excess of the calculated fair value triggers an impairment. The key estimate used in this calculation consists of an overall royalty rate applied to the sales covered by the trademark. After performing this analysis, it was determined that the fair value of trademarks exceeded their book values, and as such, no impairment was recorded. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost of approximately 30% and 29% of inventories at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively, have been determined using the LIFO (last-in, first-out) method. Costs of other inventories have been determined using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) or average cost method. FIFO cost approximates replacement cost. Costs in inventory include components for direct labor and overhead costs. Marketable Securities All of the Company’s marketable securities, which consist of equity and fixed income securities, have been classified as available- for-sale securities and are therefore recorded at their fair values with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the shareholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheet unless unrealized losses are deemed to be other than temporary. In such instance, the unrealized losses are reported in the consolidated statements of operations within investment income. Estimated fair value is based on published trading values at the balance sheet dates. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividend income are included in investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. The marketable securities are carried as long-term assets since they are held for the settlement of the Company’s general and products liability insurance claims filed through CM Insurance Company, Inc., a wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary. The marketable securities are not available for general working capital purposes. 43 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated principally using the straight-line method over their respective estimated useful lives (buildings and building equipment—15 to 40 years; machinery and equipment—3 to 18 years). When depreciable assets are retired, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operating results. Included within other assets is a building that is held for sale in the amount of $425,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017. The building was closed as part of the Company's fiscal 2010 restructuring activities. During the year ended March 31, 2018 the Company did not change the assets held for sale value. Research and Development For its fiscal 2018 financial statements, the Company has reclassified research and development (R&D) expenses previously recorded in general and administrative expense into a separate line item on the consolidated statements of operations. All periods presented have been revised to reflect this presentation. With the acquisitions of Magnetek in September 2015 and STAHL CraneSystems (“STAHL”) in January 2017, the Company expects R&D costs to factor more prominently in our cost structure. Therefore, the new presentation of R&D costs provides transparency into these costs. Consistent with prior periods, the Company continues to account for R&D expenses in accordance with the provisions of ASC 730 and are expensed as incurred. Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable and Concentration of Credit Risk Sales are recorded when title passes to the customer which is generally at time of shipment to the customer. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, but generally does not require collateral to support customer receivables. The credit risk is controlled through credit approvals, limits, and monitoring procedures. Accounts receivable are reported at net realizable value and do not accrue interest. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends, and other factors. Accounts receivable are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts once all collection efforts have been exhausted. The Company does not routinely permit customers to return product. However, sales returns are permitted in specific situations and typically include a restocking charge or the purchase of additional product. Sales tax is excluded from revenue. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are a component of cost of products sold. Stock-Based Compensation The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” This standard requires all equity-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on the grant date fair value of the award. Stock compensation expense is included in cost of goods sold, selling, and general and administrative expense depending on the nature of the service of the employee receiving the award. The Company uses a straight-line method of attributing the value of stock-based compensation expense, subject to minimum levels of expense, based on vesting. See Note 14 for further discussion of stock-based compensation. Leases All leases are reviewed for capital or operating classification at their inception. Rent expense for leases that contain scheduled rent increases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, including any option periods included in the determination of the lease term. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 44 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Warranties The Company offers warranties for certain products it sells. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary depending upon the product sold and the country in which the Company sold the product. The Company generally provides a basic limited warranty, including parts and labor for any product deemed to be defective for a period of one year, and for certain products, a lifetime warranty. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its basic limited warranty, based largely upon actual warranty repair costs history, and records a liability in the amount of such costs in the month that the product revenue is recognized. The resulting accrual balance is reviewed during the year. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rate of warranty claims, and cost per claim. Changes in the Company’s product warranty accrual are as follows: Balance at beginning of year Accrual for warranties issued Warranties settled Warranties assumed in STAHL acquisition Balance at end of year 3. Acquisitions March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 4,081 2,716 (3,006) — 3,791 $ $ 1,229 1,988 (2,084) 2,948 4,081 On July 15, 2016, the Company purchased 100% of the assets of Ergomatic Products LLC ("Ergomatic"), a designer and manufacturer of ergonomic lift assists, articulating arms, torque tubes, and pneumatic control systems for material handling and tool suspension applications. The purchase price of the transaction was $1,175,000, of which $587,000 was paid to the seller on the day of closing with the remainder due to the seller over a two year period. In connection with the acquisition of Ergomatic, the Company withheld $588,000 to be paid to the seller upon satisfaction of certain conditions. Of this amount, $294,000 was paid to the seller in July 2017 and the remaining $294,000 is expected to be paid in July 2018. The Company has recorded short term restricted cash on its consolidated balance sheets of $294,000 within prepaid expenses and a short term liability of $294,000 within accrued liabilities at March 31, 2018. The allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities of Ergomatic is now complete as the measurement period has closed. The identifiable intangible assets acquired primarily includes engineered drawings of $677,000 with an estimated useful life of 20 years. The assignment of the purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows (in thousands): Working capital Property, plant, and equipment Intangible assets Total purchase consideration $ $ 212 246 717 1,175 On January 31, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of STAHL for $217,773,000, net of cash acquired. STAHL is a leading manufacturer of explosion-protected hoists and crane components as well as provides custom engineered lifting solutions and hoisting technology with annual sales of approximately $170,000,000. STAHL serves independent crane builders and Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) firms, providing products to a variety of end markets including automotive, general manufacturing, oil & gas, steel & concrete, power generation, as well as process industries such as chemical and pharmaceuticals. The results of STAHL included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition are net sales and income (loss) from operations of $24,682,000 and ($6,022,000), respectively for the year ended March 31, 2017 and $173,166,000 and $18,553,000, respectively for the year ended March 31, 2018. STAHL's loss from operations for the year ended March 31, 45 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) 2017 includes acquisition-related inventory amortization of $8,852,000. These costs have been included in cost of goods sold. Acquisition expenses incurred by the Company total $8,454,000 and were all incurred in fiscal 2017 and have been recorded in general and administrative expenses. Additionally, in fiscal 2018 the Company incurred $8,763,000 in STAHL integration costs. To finance the STAHL acquisition, the Company, completed securing a $545,000,000 debt facility (New Facilities) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JP Morgan Chase Bank). The New Facilities consist of a New Revolving Facility in the amount of $100,000,000 and a $445,000,000 1st Lien Term Loan. Proceeds from the New Facility were used to fund the STAHL acquisition, pay fees and expenses associated with the acquisition, and refinance the Company’s existing Term Loan and Credit Facility. During fiscal 2018 and 2017 the Company had not drawn on the New Revolving Facility and had repaid $57,037,000 and $12,500,000, respectively on the 1st Lien Term Loan. Please refer to Note 11 for additional information related to the Company's debt facilities. In addition to the debt borrowing described above, the Company entered into an agreement to sell in aggregate 2,273,000 shares of Common Shares to the following purchasers: Adage Capital Management, LP; Heights Capital Management, Inc.; and UBS O'Connor LLC. The sale of the shares closed on January 30, 2017 at a price per Common Share of $22.00, generating gross proceeds of approximately $50,000,000. The purchase agreement for the shares required the Company to file an initial registration statement registering the common shares issued to the purchasers for resale. The filing of the registration statement was completed and declared effective on April 28, 2017. The allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities of STAHL is now complete as the measurement period has closed. The excess consideration of $150,386,000 recorded as goodwill reflects an increase of $64,000 from that which was recorded as of March 31, 2017. The increase is due to an adjustment to the amount allocated to STAHL's other assets and other liabilities offset by a decrease due to a payment received in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 from the prior owner of STAHL as a result of a working capital true up. The identifiable intangible assets acquired include customer relationships of $120,220,000, trademark and trade names of $18,191,000, patents and technology of $2,660,000, and other intangibles totaling $1,968,000. The weighted average life of the acquired identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization was estimated at 16 years at the time of acquisition. Goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition is not deductible for income tax purposes. The assignment of purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows: Cash Working capital Property, plant, and equipment Intangible assets Other assets Other liabilities Deferred taxes, net Goodwill Total $ $ 30,473 18,593 14,234 143,039 233 (75,162) (33,550) 150,386 248,246 For each of the Company's acquisitions disclosed, goodwill represents future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that do not meet the criteria for separate recognition apart from goodwill, including assembled workforce, growth opportunities, and increased presence in the markets served by the acquired companies. Included within accrued liabilities at March 31, 2017 is $14,103,000 due to the former owner of STAHL related to a profit distribution agreement in place prior to the acquisition. This was paid to the former owner during the first quarter of fiscal 2018. See Note 4 for assumptions used in determining the fair values of of the intangible assets acquired. The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations as if the acquisitions had occurred as of April 1, 2016. The pro forma information includes certain adjustments, including depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, and certain other adjustments, together with related income tax effects. The pro forma amounts may not be indicative of the results that actually would have been achieved had the acquisitions occurred as of April 1, 2016 and are not necessarily indicative of future results of the combined companies (in thousands, except per share data): 46 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Net sales Net income Net income per share - Basic Net income per share - Diluted March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ $ $ 839,419 $ 22,065 $ 777,847 20,699 0.97 $ 0.95 $ 0.92 0.91 4. Fair Value Measurements ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” establishes the standards for reporting financial assets and liabilities and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually). Under these standards, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e. the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820-10-35-37 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the valuation techniques that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is separated into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows: Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment. Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, involving some degree of judgment. Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The degree of judgment exercised in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. The availability of observable inputs can vary and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of asset/liability, whether the asset/liability is established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, assumptions are required to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Company primarily uses readily observable market data in conjunction with internally developed discounted cash flow valuation models when valuing its derivative portfolio and, consequently, the fair value of the Company’s derivatives is based on Level 2 inputs. The carrying amount of the Company's annuity contract is recorded at net asset value of the contract and, consequently, its fair value is based on Level 2 inputs and is included in other assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The Company uses quoted prices in an inactive market when valuing its term loan and, consequently, the fair value is based on Level 2 inputs. The carrying value of the Company’s senior debt approximates fair value based on current market interest rates for debt instruments of similar credit standing and, consequently, its fair value is based on Level 2 inputs. 47 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) The following table provides information regarding financial assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis: Description Assets/(Liabilities) Measured at fair value: Marketable securities Annuity contract Derivative assets (liabilities): Foreign exchange contracts Interest rate swap asset Cross currency swap liability Cross currency swap asset Disclosed at fair value: Term loan Senior debt Description Assets/(Liabilities) Measured at fair value: Marketable securities Annuity contract Derivative assets (liabilities): Foreign exchange contracts Interest rate swap liability Interest rate swap asset Cross currency swap liability Cross currency swap asset Disclosed at fair value: Term loan Senior debt Fair value measurements at reporting date using Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Significant other observable inputs Significant unobservable inputs At March 31, 2018 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) $ $ 7,673 2,575 $ 7,673 — — $ 2,575 107 3,961 (40,237) 2,204 — — — — 107 3,961 (40,237) 2,204 $ (378,504) $ (98) — $ — (378,504) $ (98) — — — — — — — — Fair value measurements at reporting date using Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Significant other observable inputs Significant unobservable inputs At March 31, 2017 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) $ $ 7,686 2,898 $ 7,686 — — $ 2,898 18 (1,808) 1,394 (7,580) 3,237 — — — — — 18 (1,808) 1,394 (7,580) 3,237 $ (436,555) $ (3,159) — $ — (436,555) $ (3,159) $ — — — — — — — — — The Company did not have any non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis. At March 31, 2018, the term loan, revolving credit facility, and senior debt have been recorded at carrying value which approximates fair value. Interest and dividend income on marketable securities are recorded in investment (income) loss. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in foreign currency exchange (gain) loss or other comprehensive income (loss), to the extent that the 48 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) derivative qualifies as a hedge under the provisions of ASC Topic 815. Interest and dividend income on marketable securities are measured based upon amounts earned on their respective declaration dates. Fiscal 2018 Non-Recurring Measurements During fiscal 2018, the Company terminated certain employees in connection with its overall STAHL integration plan. The Company incurred $4,163,000 in severance and other employee termination costs. The costs incurred were calculated at fair value on a non- recurring basis using Level 3 inputs which included expected payments. Of this, $1,809,000 is unpaid and included within accrued liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. During fiscal 2018 the Company performed a qualitative analysis of the fair value of its Rest of Products and Duff-Norton reporting units for its goodwill impairment testing. The qualitative analysis did not require the use of non-recurring fair value measurements. A similar qualitative analysis was also performed for the Company's STAHL and Unified Industries indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company performed a quantitative analysis to evaluate whether the indefinite-lived intangible assets of Magnetek were impaired. In performing this analysis, a royalty rate of 2.7% and a discount rate of 10.0% was used. Fiscal 2017 Non-Recurring Measurements Assets and liabilities that were measured on a non-recurring basis during fiscal 2017 include assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the acquisition of STAHL and Ergomatic described in Note 3. The estimated fair values allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed relied upon fair value measurements based primarily on Level 3 inputs. The valuation techniques used to allocate fair values to working capital items; property, plant, and equipment; and identifiable intangible assets included the cost approach, market approach, and other income approaches. For identifiable intangible assets these techniques included the excess earnings approach, cost approach, relief from royalty approach, and other income approaches. The valuation techniques relied on a number of inputs which included the cost and condition of property, plant, and equipment and forecasted net sales and income. For Ergomatic, the most significant valuation inputs included an engineering cost per hour of $40.86 for engineered drawings. For STAHL significant valuation inputs included an attrition rate of 10.0% for customer relationships, an estimated useful life of 15 years and royalty rate of 2.0% for developed technology, a royalty rate of 1.0% for trademark and trade names, and a weighted average cost of capital of 10.5%. Additional assets and liabilities that were measured on a non-recurring basis during fiscal 2017 include the net assets of the Company’s Rest of Products and Duff-Norton reporting units. These measurements have been used to test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis under the provisions of ASC Topic 350-20-35-1 “Intangibles, Goodwill and Other – Goodwill Subsequent Measurement.” The fiscal 2017 Step 1 goodwill impairment test consisted of determining a fair value of the Company’s Rest of Products and Duff- Norton reporting units on a quantitative basis. The fair value for the Company’s Rest of Products and Duff-Norton reporting units cannot be determined using readily available quoted Level 1 inputs or Level 2 inputs that are observable in active markets. Therefore, the Company used a blended discounted cash flow and market-based valuation model to estimate the fair value of its Rest of Products and Duff-Norton reporting units, using Level 3 inputs. To estimate the fair value of the Rest of Products and Duff-Norton reporting units, the Company used significant estimates and judgmental factors. The key estimates and factors used in the discounted cash flow valuation include revenue growth rates and profit margins based on internal forecasts, terminal value, and the weighted- average cost of capital used to discount future cash flows. For Rest of Products the compound annual growth rate for revenue during the first five years of the projections was approximately 3.2%. The terminal value was calculated assuming a projected growth rate of 3.0% after five years. The estimated weighted- average cost of capital for the reporting unit was determined to be 10.0% based upon an analysis of similar companies and their debt to equity mix, their related volatility and the size of their market capitalization. For the Duff-Norton reporting unit the compound annual growth rate for revenue during the first five years of the projections was approximately 3.9%. The terminal value was calculated assuming a projected growth rate of 3.5% after five years. The estimated 49 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) weighted-average cost of capital for the reporting units was determined to be 10.2% based upon an analysis of similar companies and their debt to equity mix, their related volatility, and the size of their market capitalization. The Company also measured indefinite-lived intangible assets from the Magnetek, STB, and Unified Industries acquisitions on a non-recurring basis. The fair value measurements were calculated using discounted cash flow analyses which rely upon unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 inputs. In performing these analyses, royalty rates of 2.5%, 0.3%, and 1.3% were used for the indefinitely-lived intangible assets of Magnetek, STB, and Unified Industries, respectively. A discount rate of 11.4% was used for each analysis. After performing the valuation above, the Company determined that the indefinite-lived STB intangible trademark asset was fully impaired in fiscal 2017. The impairment was due to lower cash flows and royalty rates than at the time of the acquisition. The total impairment loss of $1,125,000 was recorded within intangible asset impairment on the Company's statement of operations. See Note 8 for additional discussion on the Company's goodwill impairment assessment and the conclusions reached. 5. Inventories Inventories consisted of the following: At cost—FIFO basis: Raw materials Work-in-process Finished goods LIFO cost less than FIFO cost Net inventories March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 84,492 43,140 40,321 167,953 (15,067) 152,886 $ $ 74,716 39,117 33,666 147,499 (16,856) 130,643 There were LIFO liquidations resulting in $547,000 and $384,000 of additional income in fiscal 2017 and 2016 income, respectively. LIFO liquidations were not material during fiscal 2018. 6. Marketable Securities and Other Investments All of the Company’s marketable securities, which consist of equity securities and fixed income securities, have been classified as available-for-sale securities and are therefore recorded at their fair values with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the shareholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheet unless unrealized losses are deemed to be other-than-temporary. In such instances, the unrealized losses are reported in the consolidated statements of operations within investment income. Estimated fair value is based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet dates. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividend income are included in investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. Marketable securities are carried as long-term assets since they are held for the settlement of the Company’s general and products liability insurance claims filed through CM Insurance Company, Inc. (CMIC), a wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary. The marketable securities are not available for general working capital purposes. In accordance with ASC Topic 320-10-35-30 “Investments – Debt & Equity Securities – Subsequent Measurement,” the Company reviews its marketable securities for declines in market value that may be considered other-than-temporary. The Company generally considers market value declines to be other-than-temporary if they are declines for a period longer than six months and in excess of 20% of original cost, or when other evidence indicates impairment. We also consider the nature of the underlying investments, 50 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) our intent and ability to hold the investments until their market values recover, and other market conditions in making this assessment. Based on this assessment, no other-than-temporary impairment charge has been recorded during fiscal 2018, 2017, or 2016. During fiscal 2017, CMIC obtained approval from the New York State Department of Finance Services to loan up to $10,000,000 to the Company based on arms-length terms and conditions. CMIC initially loaned $6,000,000 to the Company during fiscal 2017. To fund this intercompany loan, CMIC sold a portion of its marketable security portfolio with a cost of $5,938,000 and a fair value of $6,000,000 resulting in a realized gain of $62,000. During fiscal 2018 the loan was increased to $10,000,000 to settle intercompany payables due to CMIC. The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2018 (In thousands): Marketable securities Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses $ 7,149 $ 588 $ 64 Estimated Fair Value 7,673 $ The aggregate fair value of investments and unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2018 are as follows (In thousands): Securities in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months Securities in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months Aggregate Fair Value 1,859 $ 1,285 3,144 $ Unrealized Losses $ $ 26 38 64 The Company considered the nature of the investments, causes of previous impairments, the severity and duration of unrealized losses, and other factors and determined that the unrealized losses at March 31, 2018 were temporary in nature. Net realized gains and losses related to sales of marketable securities are included in investment (income) loss in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no material net realized gains and losses in fiscal 2018. Net realized gains were $161,000, and $235,000, in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2017 (In thousands): Marketable securities Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses $ 7,475 $ 248 $ 37 Estimated Fair Value 7,686 $ The aggregate fair value of investments and unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2017 are as follows (In thousands): Securities in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months Securities in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months Aggregate Fair Value 2,050 $ — 2,050 $ Unrealized Losses $ $ 37 — 37 51 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Net unrealized gains included in the balance sheet amounted to $524,000 at March 31, 2018 and $211,000 at March 31, 2017. The amounts, net of related deferred tax liabilities of $110,000 and $74,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders’ equity. On December 21, 2017, the Company purchased a 49% ownership of Eastern Morris Cranes Company Limited (EMC), a limited liability company organized and existing under the laws and regulations of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for $3,359,000. This represents an equity investment in a strategic customer of STAHL serving the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The investment value was increased for the Company's ownership percentage of income earned by EMC during the fiscal year. The investment's carrying value as of March 31, 2018 is $3,404,000 and has been accounted for as an equity method investment. It is presented in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. The March 31, 2018 trade accounts receivable balance due from EMC is $4,930,000 and is comprised of amounts due for the sale of goods and services in the ordinary course of business. In trade accounts payable there is $196,000 due to EMC as of March 31, 2018 for services performed. 7. Property, Plant, and Equipment Consolidated property, plant, and equipment of the Company consisted of the following: Land and land improvements Buildings Machinery, equipment, and leasehold improvements Construction in progress Less accumulated depreciation Net property, plant, and equipment March 31, 2018 2017 7,031 42,330 275,685 13,461 338,507 225,428 113,079 $ $ 6,585 41,536 221,569 10,543 280,233 167,205 113,028 $ $ Buildings include assets recorded under capital leases amounting to $4,838,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. Machinery, equipment, and leasehold improvements include assets recorded under capital leases amounting to $1,434,000 and $1,017,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Accumulated depreciation includes accumulated amortization of the assets recorded under capital leases amounting to $4,329,000 and $3,953,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Depreciation expense, including amortization of assets recorded under capital leases, was $20,584,000, $17,057,000, and $15,507,000 for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Gross property, plant, and equipment includes capitalized software costs of $38,937,000 and $34,386,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Accumulated depreciation includes accumulated amortization on capitalized software costs of $17,754,000 and $14,792,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization expense on capitalized software costs was $3,151,000, $4,357,000, and $2,085,000 during the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. During fiscal year 2019, the Company initiated a process to sell the assets of two of its product lines. The assets of these product lines totaled $4,701,000 at March 31, 2018. The asset sales are expected to be completed within the next 12 months. 8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets As discussed in Note 2, goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually, in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350-20-35-1. Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. The fair value of a reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. The Company’s reporting units are determined based upon whether discrete financial information is available and reviewed regularly, whether those units constitute a business, and the extent of economic similarities and interdependencies between those reporting units for purposes of aggregation. The Company’s reporting units identified under ASC Topic 350-20-35-33 are at the component level, or one level 52 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) below the operating segment level as defined under ASC Topic 280-10-50-10 “Segment Reporting – Disclosure.” The Company has four reporting units as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. Only two of the four reporting units carried goodwill at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017. The Duff-Norton reporting unit (which designs, manufactures, and sources mechanical and electromechanical actuators and rotary unions) had goodwill of $9,721,000 and $9,555,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the Rest of Products reporting unit (representing the hoist, chain, and forgings, digital power control systems, and distribution businesses) had goodwill of $337,713,000 and $309,744,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During fiscal 2017 STAHL was determined to be part of the Rest of Products reporting unit. When we evaluate the potential for goodwill impairment, we assess a range of qualitative factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for our products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel, and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value or if economic or other business factors indicate that the fair value of our reporting units may have declined since our last quantitative test, we proceed to a quantitative impairment test. We performed the qualitative assessment as of February 28, 2018 and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of each of our reporting units was less than their applicable carrying value. Accordingly, we did not perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test for any of our reporting units during fiscal 2018. In accordance with ASC Topic 350-30-35, indefinite-lived intangible assets that are not subject to amortization shall be tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an asset is impaired. Similar to goodwill, we first assess various qualitative factors in the analysis. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative impairment test. We performed the qualitative assessment as of February 28, 2018 and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of each of our indefinite-lived intangible assets was less than that its applicable carrying value, other than Magnetek's indefinite-lived trademark. We proceeded to the quantitative test for this intangible asset. The methodology used to value the Magnetek indefinite-lived trademark is the relief from royalty method. If the recorded book value of the trademark is in excess of the calculated fair value, an impairment is indicated. The key estimate used in this calculation consists of an overall royalty rate applied to the sales covered by the trademark. After performing the analysis, it was determined that the fair value of the Magnetek indefinite-lived trademark exceeded its carrying value, and as such, no impairment was recorded. Identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination are amortized over their estimated useful lives. A summary of changes in goodwill during the years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows: Balance at April 1, 2016 Acquisition of STAHL (See Note 3) Currency translation Balance at March 31, 2017 STAHL measurement period adjustment (see Note 3) Currency translation Balance at March 31, 2018 $ $ $ 170,716 150,322 (1,739) 319,299 64 28,071 347,434 Goodwill is recognized net of accumulated impairment losses of $107,000,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded in fiscal 2018, 2017, or 2016. Intangible assets at March 31, 2018 are as follows: 53 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Trademark Indefinite-lived trademark Customer relationships Acquired technology Other Balance at March 31, 2018 Intangible assets at March 31, 2017 were as follows: Trademark Indefinite-lived trademark Customer relationships Acquired technology Other Balance at March 31, 2017 Gross Carrying Amount 5,875 $ 48,874 199,045 46,898 3,936 $ 304,628 Gross Carrying Amount 5,151 $ 46,018 177,983 46,574 3,471 $ 279,197 $ $ Accumulated Amortization $ Net (3,299) $ 2,576 48,874 — (27,887) 171,158 (7,436) 39,462 (2,242) 1,694 (40,864) $ 263,764 Accumulated Amortization $ Net (2,616) $ — (14,873) (4,603) (922) 2,535 46,018 163,110 41,971 2,549 (23,014) $ 256,183 The Company’s intangible assets that are considered to have finite lives are amortized over the period in which the assets are expected to generate future cash flows. The weighted-average amortization periods are 17 years for trademarks, 18 years for customer relationships, 18 years for acquired technology, 6 years for other, and 18 years in total. Trademarks with a book value of $48,874,000 have an indefinite useful life and are therefore not being amortized. Total amortization expense was $15,552,000, $8,105,000, and $5,024,000 for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Based on the current amount of intangible assets, the estimated amortization expense for each of the succeeding five years is expected to be approximately $16,000,000. Intangible assets are recognized net of accumulated impairment losses of $1,125,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 9. Derivative Instruments The Company uses derivative instruments to manage selected foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. All derivative instruments must be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recorded as accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss), or “AOCL,” and is reclassified to earnings when the underlying transaction has an impact on earnings. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the foreign currency forward agreements is reported in foreign currency exchange loss (gain) in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements is reported in interest expense. For derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges, all changes in market value are recorded as a foreign currency exchange (gain) loss in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The cash flow effects of derivatives are reported within net cash provided by operating activities. The Company is exposed to credit losses in the event of non-performance by the counterparties on its financial instruments. The counterparties have investment grade credit ratings. The Company anticipates that these counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts. The Company has derivative contracts with four counterparties as of March 31, 2018. The Company's agreements with its counterparties contain provisions pursuant to which the Company could be declared in default of its derivative obligations. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had not posted any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions as of March 31, 2018, it could have been required to settle its obligations under 54 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) these agreements at amounts which approximate the March 31, 2018 fair values reflected in the table below. During the year ended March 31, 2018, the Company was not in default of any of its derivative obligations. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had no derivatives designated as net investments or fair value hedges in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” The Company has cross currency swap agreements that are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge changes in the value of intercompany loans to a foreign subsidiary due to changes in foreign exchange rates. These intercompany loans are related to the acquisition of STAHL. The notional amount of these derivatives is $215,130,000, and all of the contracts mature by January 31, 2022. From its March 31, 2018 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $132,000 out of AOCL, and into foreign currency exchange loss (gain), during the next 12 months based on the contractual payments due under these intercompany loans. The Company has foreign currency forward agreements in place to offset changes in the value of other intercompany loans to foreign subsidiaries due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The notional amount of these derivatives is $3,500,000 and all of the contracts mature by June 30, 2018. These contracts are marked to market each balance sheet date and are not designated as hedges. The Company has foreign currency forward agreements that are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge a portion of forecasted inventory purchases denominated in foreign currencies. The notional amount of those derivatives is $13,474,000 and all contracts mature by March 31, 2019. From its March 31, 2018 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $10,000 out of AOCL during the next 12 months based on the underlying transactions of the sales of the goods purchased. The Company's policy is to maintain a capital structure that is comprised of 50-70% of fixed rate long-term debt and 30-50% of variable rate long-term debt. The Company has two interest rate swap agreements in which the Company receives interest at a variable rate and pays interest at a fixed rate. These interest rate swap agreements are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge changes in interest expense due to changes in the variable interest rate of the senior secured term loan. The amortizing interest rate swaps mature by December 31, 2023 and have a total notional amount of $229,830,000 as of March 31, 2018. The effective portion of the changes in fair values of the interest rate swaps is reported in AOCL and will be reclassified to interest expense over the life of the swap agreements. The ineffective portion was not material and was recognized in the current period interest expense. From its March 31, 2018 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $503,000 out of AOCL, and into interest expense, during the next 12 months. The following is the effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 (in thousands): 55 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges March 31, 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2016 2016 Type of Instrument Foreign exchange contracts Interest rate swap Cross currency swap Foreign exchange contracts Interest rate swap Cross currency swap Foreign exchange contracts Interest rate swap Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives (Effective Portion) Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Income (Effective Portion) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (219) Cost of products sold Interest expense 1,339 Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) (24,838) 200 Cost of products sold Interest expense 281 Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) (3,686) (186) Cost of products sold Interest Expense (2,025) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (196) (1,879) (25,206) (40) (819) 1,168 74 (1,254) Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Foreign Exchange Contracts) March 31, 2018 2017 2016 Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) $ $ $ (11) (110) 32 The following is information relative to the Company’s derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Foreign exchange contracts Foreign exchange contracts Interest rate swap Interest rate swap Interest rate swap Cross currency swap Cross currency swap Cross currency swap Fair Value of Asset (Liability) March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 213 (75) 662 3,299 — 2,204 (2,028) (38,209) 161 (123) — 1,394 (1,808) 3,237 (121) (7,459) Balance Sheet Location Prepaid expenses and other Accrued Liabilities Prepaid expenses and other Other Assets Accrued Liabilities Prepaid expenses and other Accrued liabilities Other non current liabilities 56 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Foreign exchange contracts Foreign exchange contracts Balance Sheet Location 2018 2017 Prepaid expenses and other $ Accrued Liabilities — $ (31) 2 (22) Fair Value of Asset (Liability) March 31, 10. Accrued Liabilities and Other Non-current Liabilities Consolidated accrued liabilities of the Company consisted of the following: Accrued payroll Accrued income taxes payable Accrued health insurance Accrued general and product liability costs Customer advances, deposits, and rebates Profit sharing Other accrued liabilities March 31, 2018 2017 37,391 5,568 1,606 3,500 18,911 — 32,987 99,963 $ $ 25,151 2,287 2,982 3,500 19,210 14,103 30,164 97,397 $ $ Accrued liabilities at March 31, 2017 included $14,103,000 due to the former owner of STAHL related to a profit distribution agreement in place prior to the acquisition. This liability was paid in full during fiscal 2018. Consolidated other non-current liabilities of the Company consisted of the following: Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation Accrued general and product liability costs Accrued pension cost Cross currency swap Deferred income tax Other non-current liabilities March 31, 2018 2017 2,835 10,082 131,725 38,209 30,262 10,853 223,966 $ $ 3,615 9,835 147,121 7,459 28,689 16,064 212,783 $ $ 57 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) 11. Debt Consolidated long-term debt of the Company consisted of the following: Capital lease obligations Total senior debt Debt assumed in the acquisition of STAHL Term loan Unamortized deferred financing costs, net Total debt Less: current portion Total debt, less current portion March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 98 98 — 375,463 (12,243) 363,318 60,064 551 551 2,608 432,500 (14,340) 421,319 52,568 $ 303,254 $ 368,751 Through January 31, 2017 the Company had $131,500,000 outstanding under a revolving credit facility ("Replaced Revolving Credit Facility"). The Replaced Revolving Credit Facility provided availability up to a maximum of $225,000,000 and had an initial term ending January 23, 2020. Through January 31, 2017 the Company, Columbus McKinnon Dutch Holdings 3 B.V. (“BV 3”), and Columbus McKinnon EMEA GmbH (“EMEA GMBH”) as borrowers (collectively referred to as the "Borrowers"), had outstanding $103,125,000 principal amount of a senior secured Term Loan ("Replaced Term Loan") which matured on February 19, 2020. As described in Note 2, on January 31, 2017 the Company entered into a New Credit Agreement ("New Credit Agreement") and $545,000,000 of new debt facilities ("New Facilities") in connection with the STAHL acquisition. The New Facilities consist of a New Revolving Facility ("Revolver") in the amount of $100,000,000 and a $445,000,000 1st Lien Term Loan ("New Term Loan"). Proceeds from the New Facilities were used to fund the STAHL acquisition, pay fees and expenses associated with the acquisition, and refinance the Company's Replaced Revolving Credit Facility and Replaced Term Loan. The New Term Loan has a seven-year term maturing in 2024 and the Revolver has a five-year term maturing in 2022. At March 31, 2018 the Company has not drawn from the Revolver. The key terms of the agreement are as follows: • Term Loan: An aggregate $445,000,000 1st Lien Term Loan which requires quarterly principal amortization of 0.25% with the remaining principal due at maturity date. In addition, if the Company has Excess Cash Flow ("ECF") as defined in the New Credit Agreement, the ECF Percentage of the Excess Cash Flow for such fiscal year minus optional prepayment of the Loans (except prepayments of Revolving Loans that are not accompanied by a corresponding permanent reduction of Revolving Commitments) pursuant to Section 2.10(a) of the New Credit Agreement other than to the extent that any such prepayment is funded with the proceeds of Funded Debt, shall be applied toward the prepayment of the New Term Loan. The ECF Percentage is defined as 50% stepping down to 25% or 0% based on the Secured Leverage Ratio as of the last day of the fiscal year. • Revolver: An aggregate $100,000,000 secured revolving facility which includes sublimits for the issuance of standby letters of credit, swingline loans and multi-currency borrowings in certain specified foreign currencies. • • Fees and Interest Rates: Commitment fees and interest rates are determined on the basis of either a Eurocurrency rate or a Base rate plus an applicable margin based upon the Company's Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the New Credit Agreement). Prepayments: Provisions permitting a Borrower to voluntarily prepay either the Term Loan or Revolver in whole or in part at any time, and provisions requiring certain mandatory prepayments of the Term Loan or Revolver on the occurrence 58 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) of certain events which will permanently reduce the commitments under the New Credit Agreement, each without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of certain costs of the Lenders. A prepayment premium of 1% of the principal amount of the First Lien Term Loans is required if the prepayment is associated with a Repricing Transaction and it were to occur within the first twelve months. • Covenants: Provisions containing covenants required of the Corporation and its subsidiaries including various affirmative and negative financial and operational covenants. The key financial covenant is triggered only on any date when any Extension of Credit under the Revolving Facility is outstanding (excluding any Letters of Credit) (the “Covenant Trigger”), and permits the Total Leverage Ratio for the Reference Period ended on such date to not exceed (i) 4.50:1.00 as of any date of determination prior to December 31, 2017, (ii) 4.00:1.00 as of any date of determination on December 31, 2017 and thereafter but prior to December 31, 2018, (iii) 3.50:1.00 as of any date of determination on December 31, 2018 and thereafter but prior to December 31, 2019 and (iv) 3.00:1.00 as of any date of determination on December 31, 2019 and thereafter. As there is no amount drawn on the Revolver as of March 31, 2017 the requirement to comply with the covenant is not triggered. Had we been required to determine the covenant ratio we would have been in compliance with the covenant provisions as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. The New Facility is secured by all U.S. inventory, receivables, equipment, real property, subsidiary stock (limited to 65% of non- U.S. subsidiaries) and intellectual property. The New Credit Agreement allows, but limits our ability to pay dividends. On February 26, 2018, the Company amended the New Credit Agreement (known as the "Amended Credit Agreement"). The Amended Credit Agreement has the same terms mentioned above except for a reduction in interest rates. The applicable rate for the repriced term loan was reduced from 3.00% to 2.50%. The Company has accounted for the Amended Credit Agreement as a debt modification, therefore, debt repricing fees incurred in fiscal 2018 were expensed as general and administrative expenses and the deferred financing fees incurred as part of the New Credit Agreement (discussed below) remain unchanged. As mentioned above, on January 31, 2017 the Company borrowed $445,000,000 under the New Term Loan. The Company repaid the amount outstanding for the Replaced Revolving Credit Facility and Replaced Term Loan ($131,500,000 and $103,125,000, respectively) plus $652,000 in accrued interest and fees. The cost of debt refinancing on the Company's consolidated statement of operations includes the write-off of previously unamortized deferred financing costs and other expenses of $1,303,000 in fiscal 2017. The outstanding balance of the New Term Loan was $375,463,000 and $432,500,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company made $57,037,000 of principal payment on the New Term Loan during fiscal 2018 and $9,375,000 of principal payments on the Replaced Term Loan and $12,500,000 of principal payment on the New Term Loan during fiscal 2017. The Company is obligated to make $4,450,000 of principal payments over the next 12 months, however, plans to pay down $60,000,000 in total. This amount has been recorded within the current portion of long term debt on the Company's consolidated balance sheet with the remaining balance recorded as long-term debt. There was $0 outstanding on the New Revolving Credit Facility and $4,478,000 outstanding letters of credit as of March 31, 2018. The outstanding letters of credit at March 31, 2018 consisted of $745,000 in commercial letters of credit and $3,733,000 of standby letters of credit. In connection with the acquisition of STAHL, the Company assumed a loan that STAHL CraneSystems Shanghai Co Ltd ("STAHL China") entered into on November 22, 2016 with Dalian Konecranes Co Ltd ("Konecranes"). The principal amount loaned to STAHL China in the amount of 18,000,000 Yuan (approximately $2,608,000 as of March 31, 2017) was used to meet working capital needs. The annual interest rate was 4.35% with an original maturity date of February 24, 2017. The term of the loan was extended through a loan amendment with a new maturity date of May 24, 2017. Therefore, this loan was classified in current portion of long-term debt at March 31, 2017. The Company repaid the loan in full in fiscal 2018. The gross balance of deferred financing costs on the term loan was $14,690,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. The accumulated amortization balances were $2,447,000 and $350,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. All of the deferred financing costs on the Replaced Term Loan were extinguished and are included in the cost of debt refinancing on the Company's consolidated statement of operations as of March 31, 2017. 59 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) The gross balance of deferred financing costs associated with the New Revolving Credit Facility and Replaced Revolving Credit Facility are included in other assets is $2,789,000 as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017. The accumulated amortization balances were $651,000 and $93,000 as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 respectively. The balance includes $605,000 and $763,000 as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively, related to the Replaced Revolving Credit Facility as certain lenders in the Replaced Revolving Credit Facility participate in the New Revolving Credit Facility. These balances are classified in other assets since no funds were drawn on the New Revolving Credit Facility in fiscal 2018 and 2017. On June 22, 2007, the Company recorded a capital lease resulting from the sale and partial leaseback of its facility in Charlotte, North Carolina under a 10 year lease agreement. The Company also has capital leases on certain production machinery and equipment. The outstanding balance on the capital lease obligations of $98,000 and $551,000 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are included in senior debt in the consolidated balance sheets. $64,000 of the capital lease liability has been recorded within the current portion of long term debt on the Company's consolidated balance sheet with the remaining balance recorded as long term debt. The principal payments obligated to be made as of March 31, 2018 on the above debt are as follows: FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 Thereafter $ $ 4,515 4,483 4,450 4,450 4,450 353,213 375,561 Non-U.S. Lines of Credit and Loans Unsecured and uncommitted lines of credit are available to meet short-term working capital needs for certain of our subsidiaries operating outside of the U.S. The lines of credit are available on an offering basis, meaning that transactions under the line of credit will be on such terms and conditions, including interest rate, maturity, representations, covenants, and events of default, as mutually agreed between our subsidiaries and the local bank at the time of each specific transaction. As of March 31, 2018, unsecured credit lines totaled approximately $5,176,000, of which $0 was drawn. In addition, unsecured lines of $17,877,000 were available for bank guarantees issued in the normal course of business of which $11,668,000 was utilized. 12. Pensions and Other Benefit Plans The Company provides retirement plans, including defined benefit and defined contribution plans, and other postretirement benefit plans to certain employees. The Company applies ASC Topic 715 “Compensation – Retirement Benefits,” which required the recognition in pension and other postretirement benefits obligations and accumulated other comprehensive income of actuarial gains or losses, prior service costs or credits and transition assets or obligations that had previously been deferred. This statement also requires an entity to measure a defined benefit postretirement plan’s assets and obligations that determine its funded status as of the end of the fiscal year. 60 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Pension Plans The Company provides defined benefit pension plans to certain employees. The Company uses March 31 as the measurement date. The following provides a reconciliation of benefit obligation, plan assets, and funded status of the plans: Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year Benefit obligation assumed in STAHL acquisition Service cost Interest cost Actuarial (gain) loss Benefits paid Settlement Curtailment Foreign exchange rate changes Benefit obligation at end of year Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Actual gain (loss) on plan assets Employer contribution Benefits paid Settlement Foreign exchange rate changes Fair value of plan assets at end of year Funded status Unrecognized actuarial loss Unrecognized prior service cost Net amount recognized March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ $ $ 471,871 — 2,580 16,488 (2,467) (35,888) (65) (4,082) 13,847 462,284 321,440 29,930 11,211 (35,888) (65) 117 326,745 $ $ $ $ 421,147 72,638 1,779 16,648 (4,475) (31,757) (883) — (3,226) 471,871 317,868 30,164 6,140 (31,757) (883) (92) 321,440 $ (135,539) $ (150,431) 83,030 8 (67,393) 65,832 — (69,707) $ $ Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows: Accrued liabilities Other non-current liabilities Accumulated other comprehensive loss, before tax Net amount recognized March 31, 2018 $ $ (3,814) $ (131,725) 65,832 (69,707) $ 2017 (3,310) (147,121) 83,038 (67,393) In fiscal 2019, an estimated net loss of $2,379,000 and no prior service costs for the defined benefit pension plans will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net periodic benefit cost. 61 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Net periodic pension cost included the following components: Service costs—benefits earned during the period Interest cost on projected benefit obligation Expected return on plan assets Net amortization Curtailment Settlement Other Net periodic pension cost (benefit) 2018 2017 2016 2,580 16,488 (21,483) 3,083 5 — 17 690 $ $ $ 1,779 16,648 (22,428) 3,190 — 247 (57) (621) $ 2,187 13,926 (19,783) 10 — — 2,452 (1,208) $ $ During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company amended two of its domestic pension plans. As a result of these amendments, the Company remeasured the pension obligation and net periodic pension cost and recognized a $5,000 curtailment loss. These amendments reduced the pension obligation by $4,082,000 (offset in accumulated other comprehensive loss before income tax effects) during fiscal 2018. Information for pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is as follows: Projected benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets March 31, $ 2018 462,284 326,745 $ 2017 471,871 321,440 Information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is as follows: Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets March 31, $ 2018 457,323 326,745 $ 2017 463,412 321,440 Unrecognized gains and losses are amortized through March 31, 2018 on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of active participants. Starting in fiscal 2016, the Company changed the amortization period of its largest plan to the average remaining lifetime of inactive participants, as a significant portion of the plan population is now inactive. This change increases the amortization period of the unrecognized gains and losses. The weighted-average assumptions in the following table represent the rates used to develop the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligation for the year listed and also net periodic pension cost for the following year: Discount rate Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase 2018 2017 2016 3.49% 6.77% 0.39% 3.65% 7.23% 0.39% 4.30% 7.22% 0.44% The expected rates of return on plan asset assumptions are determined considering long-term historical averages and real returns on each asset class. 62 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) The Company’s retirement plan target and actual asset allocations are as follows: Equity securities Fixed income Total plan assets Target 2019 46% - 42% 54% - 58% 100% Actual 2018 46% 54% 100% 2017 69% 31% 100% The Company has an investment objective for domestic pension plans to adequately provide for both the growth and liquidity needed to support all current and future benefit payment obligations. The Company's policy is to de-risk the portfolio by increasing liability-hedging investments as the pension liability funded status increases, which is known as the glide path method. Within the table above, cash equivalents are categorized as fixed income as they earn lower returns than equity securities which includes alternative real estate funds (shown in the fair value tables below). The Company’s funding policy with respect to the defined benefit pension plans is to contribute annually at least the minimum amount required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). Additional contributions may be made to minimize PBGC premiums. The Company expects to contribute approximately $11,353,000 to its pension plans in fiscal 2019. Information about the expected benefit payments for the Company’s defined benefit plans is as follows: 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024-2028 Postretirement Benefit Plans $ 26,964 27,493 27,781 27,925 28,332 138,531 The Company sponsors a defined benefit other postretirement health care plan that provide medical and life insurance coverage to certain U.S. retirees and their dependents of one of its subsidiaries. Prior to the acquisition of this subsidiary, the Company did not sponsor any postretirement benefit plans. The Company pays the majority of the medical costs for certain retirees and their spouses who are under age 65. For retirees and dependents of retirees who retired prior to January 1, 1989, and are age 65 or over, the Company contributes 100% toward the American Association of Retired Persons (“AARP”) premium frozen at the 1992 level. For retirees and dependents of retirees who retired after January 1, 1989, the Company contributes $35 per month toward the AARP premium. The life insurance plan is noncontributory. 63 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) The Company’s postretirement health benefit plans are not funded. The following sets forth a reconciliation of benefit obligation and the funded status of the plan: Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year Interest cost Actuarial gain Benefits paid Benefit obligation at end of year Funded status Unrecognized actuarial gain Net amount recognized Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows: Accrued liabilities Other non-current liabilities Accumulated other comprehensive gain, before tax Net amount recognized March 31, 2018 2017 4,111 126 (642) (311) 3,284 $ $ 5,144 152 (841) (344) 4,111 (3,284) $ (660) (3,944) $ (4,111) (23) (4,134) March 31, 2018 2017 (449) $ (2,835) (660) (3,944) $ (519) (3,592) (23) (4,134) $ $ $ $ $ $ In fiscal 2019, an estimated loss of $47,000 for the defined benefit postretirement health care plans will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net periodic benefit cost. In fiscal 2018, net periodic postretirement benefit cost included the following: Interest cost Net amortization Net periodic postretirement benefit cost Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2018 $ $ 126 (5) 121 $ $ 152 — 152 $ $ 189 89 278 For measurement purposes, healthcare costs are assumed to increase 6.25% in fiscal 2019, grading down over time to 5.0% in five years. The discount rate used in determining the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was 3.75% and 3.60% as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Information about the expected benefit payments for the Company’s postretirement health benefit plans is as follows: 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024-2028 $ 458 422 376 342 317 1,186 64 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Assumed medical claims cost trend rates have an effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects Effect on total of service and interest cost components Effect on postretirement obligation One Percentage Point Increase One Percentage Point Decrease $ $ 6 161 (5) (147) The Company has collateralized split-dollar life insurance arrangements with two of its former officers. Under these arrangements, the Company pays certain premium costs on life insurance policies for the former officers. Upon the later of the death of the former officer and their spouse, the Company will receive all of the premiums paid to-date. The net periodic pension cost for fiscal 2018 was $226,000 and the liability at March 31, 2018 is $4,457,000 with $4,320,000 included in other non-current liabilities and $137,000 included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The cash surrender value of the policies is $3,060,000 and $2,917,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The balance is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Other Benefit Plans The Company also sponsors defined contribution plans covering substantially all domestic employees. Participants may elect to contribute basic contributions. These plans provide for employer contributions based on employee eligibility and participation. The Company recorded a charge for such contributions of approximately $4,198,000, $3,543,000, and $3,485,000 for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The Company expects its contributions for the defined contribution plans in future years to remain comparable to its fiscal 2018 contributions. Fair Values of Plan Assets The Company classified its investments within the categories of equity securities, fixed income securities, alternative real estate, and cash equivalents, as the Company’s management bases its investment objectives and decisions from these four categories. The Company’s investment policy is to use its glide-path method to de-risk the portfolio by increasing liability-hedging investments as the pension liability funded status increases. The fair values of the Company’s defined benefit plans’ consolidated assets by asset category as of March 31 were as follows: Asset categories: Equity securities Fixed income securities Alternative real estate Cash equivalents Total March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 136,777 174,359 13,230 2,379 326,745 $ $ 220,497 99,700 — 1,243 321,440 The fair values of our defined benefit plans’ consolidated assets were determined using the fair value hierarchy of inputs described in Note 4. The fair values by category of inputs as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 were as follows: 65 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Measured at NAV (1) Significant other observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total $ $ 58,433 34,620 8,945 — 101,998 $ $ 78,344 — 4,285 2,379 85,008 $ $ — $ — $ 121,271 — — 121,271 $ 18,468 — — 18,468 $ 136,777 174,359 13,230 2,379 326,745 As of March 31, 2018: Asset categories: Equity securities Fixed income securities Alternative real estate Cash equivalents Total (1) Reflects the net asset value (NAV) practical expedient used to approximate fair value. These equity investments were purchased in the current year therefore, not shown in the prior year table below. As of March 31, 2017: Asset categories: Equity securities Fixed income securities Cash equivalents Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Significant other observable Inputs Significant unobservable Inputs (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total $ $ 149,435 32,010 1,243 182,688 $ $ 71,062 49,524 — 120,586 $ $ — $ 18,166 — 18,166 $ 220,497 99,700 1,243 321,440 During fiscal 2018, the Company sold a portion of equity and fixed income securities categorized as level 1 and level 2 in the prior year. These funds were reinvested in equity, fixed income, and alternative real estate investment funds categorized as level 1 and level 2 as of March 31, 2018. A portion of these funds are valued using the NAV practical expedient as the fair value is not publicly available. Level 1 securities consist of mutual funds with quoted market prices. The Level 2 fixed income securities are investments in a combination of funds whose underlying investments are in a variety of fixed income securities including foreign and domestic corporate bonds, securities issued by the U.S. government, U.S. and foreign government obligations, and other similar fixed income investments. The fair values of the underlying investments in these funds are generally based on independent broker dealer bids, or by comparison to other debt securities having similar durations, yields, and credit ratings. The fair values of these funds are determined based on their net asset values which are published daily. We are not aware of any significant restrictions on the issuances or redemption of shares of these funds Fair value of Level 3 fixed income securities at the beginning of the year was $18,166,000. During fiscal 2018 fixed income securities earned investment return of $670,000 and had disbursements of $368,000 resulting in an ending balance of $18,468,000. These fixed income securities consist primarily of insurance contracts which are carried at their liquidation value based on actuarial calculations and the terms of the contracts. Significant inputs in determining the fair value for these contracts include company contributions, contract disbursements, and stated interest rates. Gains and losses on these contracts are recognized as part of net periodic pension cost and recorded as part of cost of sales, selling, or general and administrative expense. 66 13. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Effective January 1, 2012 the ESOP was closed to new hires. Prior to this date, substantially all of the Company’s U.S. non-union employees were participants in the ESOP. Additionally, during the year ended March 31, 2015 the final loan payment was made by the ESOP to the Company and there was no compensation expense recorded in fiscal years 2018, 2017, or 2016. At March 31, 2018 and 2017, 308,000 and 366,000 of ESOP shares, respectively, were allocated or available to be allocated to participants’ accounts. There are no shares of collateralized common stock related to the ESOP loan outstanding at March 31, 2018 and no ESOP shares were pledged as collateral to guarantee the ESOP term loans. 14. Earnings per Share and Stock Plans Earnings per Share The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings per share exclude any dilutive effects of options, warrants, and convertible securities. Diluted earnings per share include any dilutive effects of stock options, unvested restricted stock units, unvested performance shares, and unvested restricted stock. There were no stock options and performance shares excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2018 because they were antidilutive. Stock options and performance shares with respect to 340,000 and 282,000 common shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively, because they were antidilutive. For the year ended March 31, 2018 an additional 127,000 in contingently issuable shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because a performance condition had not yet been met. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (share data presented in thousands): Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share: Net income (loss) Denominators: Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2018 $ 22,065 $ 8,984 $ 19,579 Weighted-average common stock outstanding— denominator for basic EPS Effect of dilutive employee stock options, RSU's and performance shares 22,841 494 20,591 297 20,079 236 Adjusted weighted-average common stock outstanding and assumed conversions— denominator for diluted EPS 23,335 20,888 20,315 The weighted-average common stock outstanding shown above is net of unallocated ESOP shares (see Note 13). During fiscal 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" (ASU No. 2016-09). Among other modifications to accounting for stock based compensation, this ASU requires that assumed proceeds from excess tax benefits and deficiencies are no longer included in the calculation of weighted-average diluted common stock outstanding and are recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the statement of operations. Refer to Note 16 for the impact the adoption had on the Company's financial statements. During fiscal 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to sell in aggregate 2,273,000 shares of Common Shares to the following purchasers: Adage Capital Management, LP; Heights Capital Management, Inc.; and UBS O'Connor LLC. The sale of the shares closed on January 30, 2017 at a price per Common Share of $22.00, generating gross proceeds of approximately $50,000,000. The purchase agreement for the shares requires the Company to file an initial registration statement registering the common shares issued to the purchasers for resale. The filing of the registration statement was completed and declared effective on April 28, 2017. Stock Plans The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” applying the modified prospective method. This Statement requires all equity-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of earnings based on the grant date fair value of the award. Under the 67 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) modified prospective method, the Company is required to record equity-based compensation expense for all awards granted after the date of adoption and for the unvested portion of previously granted awards outstanding as of the date of adoption. Prior to the adoptions of the 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, the Company maintained several different stock plans, specifically: 1995 Incentive Stock Option Plan, Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan, Restricted Stock Plan and 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, collectively referred to as the “Prior Stock Plans.” The specifics of each of these plans are discussed below. Stock based compensation expense was $5,586,000, $5,914,000, and $4,063,000 for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Stock compensation expense is included in cost of goods sold, selling, and general and administrative expenses depending on the nature of the service of the employee receiving the award. The Company recognizes expense for all share–based awards over the service period, which is the shorter of the period until the employees’ retirement eligibility dates or the service period for the award, for awards expected to vest. Accordingly, expense is generally reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC Topic 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company recognized compensation expense for stock option awards and unvested restricted share awards that vest based on time or market parameters straight-line over the requisite service period for vesting of the award. Long Term Incentive Plan On July 18, 2016, the shareholders of the Company approved the 2016 Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP” or the "Plan") which replaced the 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan. The Company grants share based compensation to eligible participants under the 2016 LTIP. The total number of shares of common stock with respect to which awards may be granted under the plan is 2,000,000 including shares not previously authorized for issuance under any of the prior stock plans and any shares not issued or subject to outstanding awards under the prior stock plans. As of March 31, 2018, 903,975 shares remain for future grants. The LTIP was designed as an omnibus plan and awards may consist of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, or stock bonuses. Under the Plan, the granting of awards to employees may take the form of options, restricted shares, and performance shares. The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors determines the number of shares, the term, the frequency and date, the type, the exercise periods, any performance criteria pursuant to which awards may be granted, and the restriction and other terms and conditions of each grant in accordance with terms of the Plan. In connection with the acquisition of Magnetek, the Company agreed to continue the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan of Magnetek, Inc. (the "Magnetek Stock Plan"). In doing so, the Company has available under the Magnetek Stock Plan 164,461 of the Company's shares which can be granted to certain employees as stock based compensation. Stock Option Plans Existing prior to the adoption of the LTIP, the Company maintained two stock option plans, a Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan ("Non-Qualified Plan") and an Incentive Stock Option Plan ("Incentive Plan"). Effective with adoption of the LTIP no new grants can be made from the Non-Qualified Plan or the Incentive Stock Plan. Options outstanding under the Non-Qualified Plan or the Incentive Stock Plan generally become exercisable over a four-year period at a rate of 25% per year commencing one year from the date of grant and exercise price of not less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the Non-Qualified Plan or the Incentive Stock Plan are exercisable not earlier than one year and not later than ten years from the date such option was granted. 68 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) A summary of option transactions during each of the three fiscal years in the period ended March 31, 2018 is as follows: Outstanding at April 1, 2015 Granted Exercised Cancelled Outstanding at March 31, 2016 Granted Exercised Cancelled Outstanding at March 31, 2017 Granted Exercised Cancelled Outstanding at March 31, 2018 Exercisable at March 31, 2018 Weighted- average Exercise Price 18.86 $ 24.94 15.07 21.90 20.13 17.00 15.76 19.06 19.10 24.33 17.43 19.83 21.04 20.84 $ Shares 612,149 157,999 (16,033) (35,314) 718,801 398,945 (27,848) (26,004) 1,063,894 227,783 (363,091) (6,136) 922,450 306,218 Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value 6.64 $ 465 6.98 $ 6,477 7.56 $ 5.94 $ 13,654 4,585 The Company calculated intrinsic value for those options that had an exercise price lower than the market price of our common shares as of March 31, 2018. The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options as of March 31, 2018 is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the market price of our common shares for the 922,450 options that were in-the-money at that date. The aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable options as of March 31, 2018 is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the market price of our common shares for the 306,218 exercisable options that were in-the-money at that date. The Company's closing stock price was $35.84 as of March 31, 2018. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $5,851,000, $252,000, and $81,000 during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The grant date fair value of options that vested was $7.42, $8.56, and $8.85 during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Cash received from option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements during fiscal 2018 and 2017 was approximately $6,332,000 and $439,000, respectively. Proceeds from the exercise of stock options under stock option plans are credited to common stock at par value and the excess is credited to additional paid-in capital. As of March 31, 2018, $2,515,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.7 years. Exercise prices for options outstanding as of March 31, 2018, ranged from $13.10 to $28.45. The following table provides certain information with respect to stock options outstanding at March 31, 2018: Range of Exercise Prices $10.01 to 20.00 $20.01 to 30.00 Stock Options Outstanding Weighted-average Exercise Price Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life 15.55 25.19 21.04 6.92 8.04 7.56 397,220 525,230 922,450 $ $ 69 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) The following table provides certain information with respect to stock options exercisable at March 31, 2018: Range of Exercise Prices Stock Options Exercisable Weighted- average Exercise Price $10.01 to $20.00 $20.01 to $30.00 159,766 146,452 306,218 $ $ 16.13 26.04 20.84 The fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black- Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. Because the Company’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the options was $7.66, $5.59, and $8.58 for options granted during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The following table provides the weighted-average assumptions used to value stock options granted during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016: Assumptions: Risk-free interest rate Dividend yield Volatility factor Expected life Year Ended March 31, 2018 Year Ended March 31, 2017 Year Ended March 31, 2016 1.42% 0.66% 0.343 5.5 years 1.07% 0.98% 0.379 5.5 years 0.82% 0.60% 0.391 5.5 years To determine expected volatility, the Company uses historical volatility based on daily closing prices of its Common Stock over periods that correlate with the expected terms of the options granted. The risk-free rate is based on the United States Treasury yield curve at the time of grant for the appropriate term of the options granted. Expected dividends are based on the Company's history and expectation of dividend payouts. The expected term of stock options is based on vesting schedules, expected exercise patterns and contractual terms. Restricted Stock Units The Company granted restricted stock units under the LTIP during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 to employees as well as to the Company’s non-executive directors as part of their annual compensation. Restricted stock units for employees prior to fiscal 2018 vest ratably based on service one-third after each of years three, four, and five. Beginning in fiscal 2018 restricted stock units for employees vest ratably based on service one-quarter after each of years one, two, three, and four. 70 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) A summary of the restricted stock unit awards granted under the Company’s LTIP plan as of March 31, 2018 is as follows: Unvested at April 1, 2015 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested at March 31, 2016 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested at March 31, 2017 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested at March 31, 2018 Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value $ $ $ $ 20.99 19.86 20.20 22.65 20.26 18.06 19.93 22.81 19.32 29.38 20.39 17.99 22.62 Shares 181,015 287,585 (87,380) (9,718) 371,502 171,407 (162,502) (10,151) 370,256 120,271 (157,448) (12,954) 320,125 Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units as of March 31, 2018 is $4,994,000 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. The fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the year ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $3,210,000 and $3,238,000, respectively. Performance Shares The Company granted performance shares under the LTIP during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016. Performance shares granted are based upon the Company’s Consolidated Net Revenue for the two year period ended March 31, 2018, March 31, 2017, and March 31, 2016, respectively. Fiscal year 2018, 2017, and 2016 performance based nonvested shares are recognized as compensation expense based upon their grant date fair value. This expense is recognized ratably over the three year period that these shares are restricted. During fiscal 2017, the Company determined that the fiscal year 2017 and 2016 performance shares would not vest due to the performance condition not being met. A summary of the performance shares transactions during each of the three fiscal years in the period ended March 31, 2018 is as follows: Unvested at April 1, 2015 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested at March 31, 2016 Granted Vested Forfeited Unvested at March 31, 2017 Granted Forfeited Unvested at March 31, 2018 71 Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value Shares 113,447 41,504 (53,298) — 101,653 77,349 (25,148) (35,001) 118,853 49,221 (41,504) 126,570 $ $ $ $ 23.35 24.94 19.25 — 26.15 15.69 26.79 27.12 18.92 25.28 24.94 19.42 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) The Company had $946,000 in unrecognized compensation costs related to the unvested performance share awards as of March 31, 2018 as the performance criteria is not expected to be met. Directors Stock During fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, a total of 16,667, 27,960, and 19,384 shares of stock, respectively, were granted under the LTIP to the Company’s non-executive directors as part of their annual compensation. The weighted average fair value grant price of those shares was $25.80, $15.74, and $22.70 for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The expense related to the shares for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $430,000 for each of the three years. Shareholder Rights Plan On March 29, 2018 the Company announced that its Board of Directors had amended the Company's Shareholder Rights Plan, which accelerated the expiration of the Company's preferred share purchase rights to March 31, 2018. Prior to its expiration, preferred share purchase right holders could exercise their rights if a person or group acquired 20% or more of the Company’s common shares or announced a tender offer for 20% or more of the common shares. Dividends On March 26, 2018 the Company's Board of Directors approved payment of a quarterly dividend of $0.05 per common share, representing an annual dividend rate of $0.20 per share. The dividend was paid on May 14, 2018 to shareholders of record on May 4, 2018 and totaled approximately $1,150,000. 15. Loss Contingencies From time to time, the Company is named a defendant in legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceeding other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to our business. The Company does not believe that any of our pending litigation will have a material impact on its business. Accrued general and product liability costs are actuarially estimated reserves based on amounts determined from loss reports, individual cases filed with the Company, and an amount for losses incurred but not reported. The aggregate amounts of reserves were $13,582,000 and $13,335,000 of which $10,082,000 and $9,835,000 are included in Other non current liabilities and $3,500,000 in Accrued liabilities for both years as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The liability for accrued general and product liability costs are funded by investments in marketable securities (see Notes 2 and 6). The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for accrued general and product liability: Accrued general and product liability, beginning of year Add provision for claims Additional product liability assumed from Magnetek Deduct payments for claims Accrued general and product liability, end of year Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2018 $ $ 13,335 3,965 — (3,718) 13,582 $ $ 14,535 7,223 — (8,423) 13,335 $ $ 12,530 5,277 1,523 (4,795) 14,535 The per occurrence limits on the self-insurance for general and product liability coverage to Columbus McKinnon through its wholly-owned captive insurance company were $2,000,000 from inception through fiscal 2003 and $3,000,000 for fiscal 2004 and thereafter. In addition to the per occurrence limits, the Company’s coverage is also subject to an annual aggregate limit, applicable to losses only. These limits range from $2,000,000 to $6,000,000 for each policy year from inception through fiscal 2018. 72 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Along with other manufacturing companies, the Company is subject to various federal, state, and local laws relating to the protection of the environment. To address the requirements of such laws, the Company has adopted a corporate environmental protection policy which provides that all of its owned or leased facilities shall, and all of its employees have the duty to, comply with all applicable environmental regulatory standards, and the Company has initiated an environmental auditing program for its facilities to ensure compliance with such regulatory standards. The Company has also established managerial responsibilities and internal communication channels for dealing with environmental compliance issues that may arise in the course of its business. Because of the complexity and changing nature of environmental regulatory standards, it is possible that situations will arise from time to time requiring the Company to incur expenditures in order to ensure environmental regulatory compliance. However, the Company is not aware of any environmental condition or any operation at any of its facilities, either individually or in the aggregate, which would cause expenditures having a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows and, accordingly, has not budgeted any material capital expenditures for environmental compliance for fiscal 2019. Like many industrial manufacturers, the Company is involved in asbestos-related litigation. In continually evaluating costs relating to its estimated asbestos-related liability, the Company reviews, among other things, the incidence of past and recent claims, the historical case dismissal rate, the mix of the claimed illnesses and occupations of the plaintiffs, its recent and historical resolution of the cases, the number of cases pending against it, the status and results of broad-based settlement discussions, and the number of years such activity might continue. Based on this review, the Company has estimated its share of liability to defend and resolve probable asbestos-related personal injury claims. This estimate is highly uncertain due to the limitations of the available data and the difficulty of forecasting with any certainty the numerous variables that can affect the range of the liability. The Company will continue to study the variables in light of additional information in order to identify trends that may become evident and to assess their impact on the range of liability that is probable and estimable. Based on actuarial information, the Company has estimated its asbestos-related aggregate liability including related legal costs to range between $4,000,000 and $7,700,000 using actuarial parameters of continued claims for a period of 37 years from March 31, 2018. The Company's estimation of its asbestos-related aggregate liability that is probable and estimable, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles approximates $6,235,000, which has been reflected as a liability in the consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018. The recorded liability does not consider the impact of any potential favorable federal legislation. This liability will fluctuate based on the uncertainty in the number of future claims that will be filed and the cost to resolve those claims, which may be influenced by a number of factors, including the outcome of the ongoing broad-based settlement negotiations, defensive strategies, and the cost to resolve claims outside the broad-based settlement program. Of this amount, management expects to incur asbestos liability payments of approximately $2,000,000 over the next 12 months. Because payment of the liability is likely to extend over many years, management believes that the potential additional costs for claims will not have a material effect on the financial condition of the Company or its liquidity, although the effect of any future liabilities recorded could be material to earnings in a future period. The Company believes that a share of its previously incurred asbestos-related expenses and future asbestos-related expenses are covered by pre-existing insurance policies. The Company has engaged in a legal action against the insurance carriers for those policies to recover these expenses and future costs incurred. When the Company resolves this legal action, it is expected that a gain will be recorded for previously expensed cost that is recovered. In July 2017, the Company received a $1,741,000 settlement payment, net of legal fees, from one of its insurance carriers as partial reimbursement for asbestos-related expenses. This partial payment has been recorded as a gain in cost of products sold. In February 2018, an additional settlement payment of $621,000 was received from another insurance carrier as partial reimbursement for asbestos-related expenses. The Company is continuing its actions to recover further past costs and to cover future costs. The Company is also involved in other unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. The most prevalent of these unresolved actions involve disputes related to product design, manufacture and performance liability. The Company's estimation of its product-related aggregate liability that is probable and estimable, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles approximates $6,273,000, which has been reflected as a liability in the consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018. In some cases, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss because there is insufficient information regarding the matter. Management believes that the potential additional costs for claims will not have a material effect on the financial condition of the Company or its liquidity, although the effect of any future liabilities recorded could be material to earnings in a future period. The following loss contingencies relate to the Company's Magnetek subsidiary: 73 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Product Liability Magnetek has been named, along with multiple other defendants, in asbestos-related lawsuits associated with business operations previously acquired but which are no longer owned. During Magnetek's ownership, none of the businesses produced or sold asbestos-containing products. For such claims, Magnetek is uninsured and either contractually indemnified against liability, or contractually obligated to defend and indemnify the purchaser of these former business operations. The Company aggressively seeks dismissal from these proceedings. Based on actuarial information, the asbestos related liability including legal costs is estimated to be approximately $1,074,000 which has been reflected as a liability in the consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2018. Litigation-Other In October 2010, Magnetek received a request for indemnification from Power-One, Inc. ("Power-One") for an Italian tax matter arising out of the sale of Magnetek's power electronics business to Power-One in October 2006. With a reservation of rights, Magnetek affirmed its obligation to indemnify Power-One for certain pre-closing taxes. The sale included an Italian company, Magnetek, S.p.A., and its wholly owned subsidiary, Magnetek Electronics (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd. (the “Power-One China Subsidiary”). The tax authority in Arezzo, Italy, issued a notice of audit report in September 2010 wherein it asserted that the Power-One China Subsidiary had its administrative headquarters in Italy with fiscal residence in Italy and, therefore, is subject to taxation in Italy. In November 2010, the tax authority issued a notice of tax assessment for the period of July 2003 to June 2004, alleging that taxes of approximately $2,300,000 (Euro 1,900,000) were due in Italy on taxable income earned by the Power-One China Subsidiary during this period. In addition, the assessment alleges potential penalties together with interest in the amount of approximately $3,200,000 (Euro 2,600,000) for the alleged failure of the Power-One China Subsidiary to file its Italian tax return. The Power-One China Subsidiary filed its response with the provincial tax commission of Arezzo, Italy in January 2011. The tax authority in Arezzo, Italy issued a tax inspection report in January 2011 for the periods July 2002 to June 2003 and July 2004 to December 2006 claiming that the Power-One China Subsidiary failed to file Italian tax returns for the reported periods. A hearing before the Tax Court was held in July 2012 on the tax assessment for the period of July 2003 to June 2004. In September 2012, the Tax Court ruled in favor of the Power-One China Subsidiary dismissing the tax assessment for the period of July 2003 to June 2004. In February 2013, the tax authority filed an appeal of the Tax Court's September 2012 ruling. The Regional Tax Commission of Florence heard the appeal of the tax assessment dismissal for the period of July 2003 to June 2004 and thereafter issued its ruling finding in favor of the tax authority. Magnetek believes the court’s decision was based upon erroneous interpretations of the applicable law and appealed the ruling to the Italian Supreme Court in April 2015. In August 2012, the tax authority in Arezzo, Italy issued notices of tax assessment for the periods July 2002 to June 2003 and July 2004 to December 2006, alleging that taxes of approximately $8,300,000 (Euro 6,700,000) were due in Italy on taxable income earned by the Power-One China Subsidiary together with an allegation of potential penalties in the amount of approximately $3,500,000 (Euro 2,800,000) for the alleged failure of the Power-One China Subsidiary to file its Italian tax returns. On June 3, 2015, the Tax Court ruled in favor of the Power-One China Subsidiary dismissing the tax assessments for the periods of July 2002 to June 2003 and July 2004 to December 2006. On July 27, 2015, the tax authority filed an appeal of the Tax Court's ruling of June 3, 2015. In May 2016, the Regional Tax Court of Florence rejected the appeal of the tax authority and at the same time canceled the notices of assessment for the fiscal years of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. The tax authority had up to six months to appeal the decision. In December 2016, Magnetek was served by the Italian Revenue Service with two appeals to the Italian Supreme Court regarding the two positive judgments on the tax assessments for the fiscal periods 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. In March 2017, the tax authority rejected the appeal of the assessment for 2005/2006 fiscal year. The tax authority had until October 2017 to appeal this decision. In October 2017, Magnetek was served by the Italian Revenue Service with an appeal to the Italian Supreme Court against the positive judgment on the tax assessment for fiscal year 2005/2006. In November 2017 Magnetek filed a memorandum with the Italian Revenue Service and the Italian Supreme Court in response to the appeal made by the tax authority. In February 2018 an appeal hearing was held at the Regional Tax Court of Florence regarding the Italian tax authority's claim for taxes due for fiscal 2002/2003. The tax court rejected the appeal of the tax authority and canceled the notice of assessment for fiscal 2002/2003. The tax authority may appeal this decision before the Italian Supreme Court by October 15, 2018. The Company believes it will be successful and does not expect to incur a liability related to these assessments. Environmental Matters From time to time, Magnetek has taken action to bring certain facilities associated with previously owned businesses into compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. Upon the subsequent sale of certain businesses, Magnetek agreed to indemnify the buyers against environmental claims associated with the divested operations, subject to certain conditions and limitations. Remediation activities, including those related to indemnification obligations, did not involve material expenditures during fiscal year 2018. 74 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Magnetek has also been identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and certain state agencies as a potentially responsible party for cleanup costs associated with alleged past waste disposal practices at several previously utilized, owned or leased facilities and offsite locations. Its remediation activities as a potentially responsible party were not material in fiscal year 2018. Although the materiality of future expenditures for environmental activities may be affected by the level and type of contamination, the extent and nature of cleanup activities required by governmental authorities, the nature of Magnetek's alleged connection to the contaminated sites, the number and financial resources of other potentially responsible parties, the availability of indemnification rights against third parties, and the identification of additional contaminated sites, Magnetek's estimated share of liability, if any, for environmental remediation, including its indemnification obligations, is not expected to be material. In 1986, Magnetek acquired the stock of Universal Manufacturing Corporation (“Universal”) from a predecessor of Fruit of the Loom (“FOL”), and the predecessor agreed to indemnify Magnetek against certain environmental liabilities arising from pre- acquisition activities at a facility in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Environmental liabilities covered by the indemnification agreement included completion of additional cleanup activities, if any, at the Bridgeport facility and defense and indemnification against liability for potential response costs related to offsite disposal locations. Magnetek's leasehold interest in the Bridgeport facility was assigned to the buyer in connection with the sale of Magnetek's transformer business in June 2001. FOL, the successor to the indemnification obligation, filed a petition for Reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in 1999 and Magnetek filed a proof of claim in the proceeding for obligations related to the environmental indemnification agreement. Magnetek believes that FOL had substantially completed the clean-up obligations required by the indemnification agreement prior to the bankruptcy filing. In November 2001, Magnetek and FOL entered into an agreement involving the allocation of certain potential tax benefits and Magnetek withdrew its claims in the bankruptcy proceeding. Magnetek further believes that FOL's obligation to the state of Connecticut was not discharged in the reorganization proceeding. In January 2007, the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (“DEP”) requested parties, including Magnetek, to submit reports summarizing the investigations and remediation performed to date at the site and the proposed additional investigations and remediation necessary to complete those actions at the site. DEP requested additional information relating to site investigations and remediation. Magnetek and the DEP agreed to the scope of the work plan in November 2010. The Company has recorded a liability of $283,000, included in the amount specified above, related to the Bridgeport facility, representing the best estimate of future site investigation costs and remediation costs which are expected to be incurred in the future. FOL's inability to satisfy its remaining obligations to the state of Connecticut related to the Bridgeport facility and any offsite disposal locations, or the discovery of additional environmental contamination at the Bridgeport facility is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, cash flows or results of operations. In September of 2017, Magnetek received a request for defense and indemnification from Monsanto Company, Pharmacia, LLC, and Solutia, Inc. (collectively, “Monsanto”) with respect to: (1) lawsuits brought by plaintiffs claiming that Monsanto manufactured polychlorinated biphenyls ("PCBs"), exposure to which allegedly caused injury to plaintiffs; (2) lawsuits brought by municipalities and municipal entities claiming that Monsanto should be responsible for a variety of damages due to the presence of PCBs in bodies of water in those municipalities and/or in water treated by those municipal entities. Monsanto claims to be entitled to defense and indemnification from Magnetek under a so-called “Special Undertaking” apparently executed by Universal in January of 1972, which purportedly required Universal to defend and indemnify Monsanto from liabilities “arising out of or in connection with the receipt, purchase, possession, handling, use, sale or disposition of” PCBs by Universal. Magnetek has declined Monsanto’s tender, and believes that it has meritorious legal and factual defenses to the demands made by Monsanto. Magnetek is vigorously defending against those demands and has commenced litigation to, among other things, declare the Special Undertaking void and unenforceable. Monsanto has, in turn, commenced an action to enforce the Special Undertaking. Magnetek intends to continue to vigorously prosecute its declaratory judgment action and to defend against Monsanto’s action against it. As of March 31, 2018 the Company has recorded $400,000 for legal costs incurred to date and expected to be incurred related to this matter. We cannot reasonably estimate a potential range of loss with respect to Monsanto’s tender because there is insufficient information regarding the underlying matters. Management believes, however, that the potential additional costs related to such matters, if any, will not have a material effect on the financial condition of the Company or its liquidity, although the effect of any future liabilities recorded could be material to earnings in a future period. The Company has recorded total liabilities of $804,000 for all environmental matters related to Magnetek in the consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018 on an undiscounted basis. 75 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) 16. Income Taxes On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act tax reform legislation (the Act), which among other matters reduced the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, under the Act, the Company revalued its ending U.S. net deferred tax assets and recognized a provisional $16,102,000 tax expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the fiscal year 2018. The Act implements a territorial tax system and imposes a one-time transition tax based on the Company's total post-1986 earnings and profits (E&P) that it previously deferred from U.S. income taxes. The Company recorded a provisional amount for its one- time transition tax liability for its foreign subsidiaries, resulting in an increase in income tax expense of $1,500,000. The Company has not yet completed its calculation of the total post-1986 E&P for these foreign subsidiaries. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. This amount may change when the Company finalizes the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalizes the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the transition tax, or any additional outside basis difference inherent in these entities, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. Determining the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the transition tax and additional outside basis difference in these entities (i.e., basis difference in excess of that subject to the one-time transition tax) is not practicable. The Company originally recorded a provisional amount for its one-time transition tax liability of $2,500,000 recorded at December 31, 2017. Upon further analysis of certain aspects of the Act and refinement of our calculations for these foreign subsidiaries during the three months ended March 31, 2018, we decreased that provisional amount by $1,000,000, which is included as a component of income tax expense. On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts related to the one-time transition tax, withholding tax and the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2018. Our preliminary estimate of the one-time transition tax and the re-measurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities is subject to the finalization of management’s analysis related to certain matters, such as developing interpretations of the provisions of the Act, changes to certain estimates and amounts related to the earnings and profits of certain subsidiaries and the filing of our tax returns. U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting the Act may require further adjustments and changes in our estimates. The final determination of the one-time transition tax and the re-measurement of our deferred assets and liabilities will be completed as additional information becomes available, but no later than one year from the enactment of the Act. 76 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income from continuing operations before income tax expense. The sources and tax effects of the differences were as follows: Statutory federal income tax rate (1) Expected tax at statutory rate Effect of Tax Reform Act (2) State income taxes net of federal benefit Foreign taxes less than statutory federal rate Permanent items Valuation allowance (Utilization)/Expiration of foreign tax credits Research and development credits Other Actual tax provision expense Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2018 31.55% 15,676 17,602 (37) (2,667) (2,220) (104) — (612) (18) 27,620 $ $ $ $ 35.00% 4,560 — 893 (1,921) 2,521 (829) — (643) (538) 4,043 $ $ 35.00% 11,068 — 717 (2,370) 1,187 2,860 (945) (200) (272) 12,045 (1) For fiscal 2018, represents the blended rate of 35 percent for the first three quarters of the fiscal year and 21 percent for the fourth quarter. (2) Represents the discrete expense of the one-time transition tax ($1,500,000) and the remeasurement of our net U.S. deferred tax assets at the new lower U.S. corporate income tax rate ($16,102,000). The provision for income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following: Current income tax expense (benefit): United States Federal State taxes Foreign Deferred income tax expense (benefit): United States Foreign Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2018 $ $ 1,109 402 6,141 21,177 (1,209) 27,620 $ $ 41 217 3,296 5,797 (5,308) 4,043 $ $ 1,905 441 2,363 7,235 101 12,045 77 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) The Company applies the liability method of accounting for income taxes as required by ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: Deferred tax assets: Federal net operating loss carryforwards State and foreign net operating loss carryforwards Employee benefit plans Insurance reserves Accrued vacation and incentive costs Federal tax credit carryforwards Equity compensation Other Valuation allowance Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance Deferred tax liabilities: Property, plant, and equipment Intangible assets Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 26,450 10,376 28,390 3,578 4,625 2,476 2,285 3,666 (4,671) 77,175 50,786 12,151 42,694 5,355 3,984 1,601 3,711 5,330 (4,585) 121,027 (2,785) (72,210) (74,995) 2,180 $ (4,016) (83,843) (87,859) 33,168 $ The net deferred tax asset decreased in fiscal 2018 primarily as a result of the revaluation of the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities to the lower U.S. federal tax rate provided in the Act, discussed above. The gross amount of the Company’s deferred tax assets were $81,846,000 and $125,612,000 at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The valuation allowance includes $3,837,000, $4,370,000, and $3,426,000 related to foreign net operating losses at March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The decrease in the foreign valuation allowance is primarily due to the use of net operating losses which had valuation allowances recorded against them for certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries have net operating loss carryforwards that expire in periods ranging from five years to indefinite. The federal net operating losses arose from the acquisition of Magnetek and have expiration dates ranging from 2020 through 2035. The state net operating losses have expiration dates ranging from 2019 through 2038. The federal tax credits have expiration dates ranging from 2036 to indefinite. Deferred income taxes are classified within the consolidated balance sheets based on the following breakdown: Net non-current deferred tax assets Net non-current deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) Net non-current deferred tax liabilities are included in other non-current liabilities. March 31, 2018 2017 $ $ 32,442 (30,262) 2,180 $ $ 61,857 (28,689) 33,168 78 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Income from continuing operations before income tax expense includes foreign subsidiary income of $25,144,000, $3,071,000, and $5,448,000 for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had unrecognized deferred tax liabilities related to approximately $120,000,000 of cumulative undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. These earnings are considered to be permanently invested in operations outside the U.S. with the exception of the current earnings from two foreign subsidiaries. Any repatriation of these amounts would not be expected to result in a material increase to income tax expense. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax liability with respect to such earnings is not practicable. During fiscal 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09. There were shares of common stock issued through restricted stock units, the exercise of non-qualified stock options, or through the disqualifying disposition of incentive stock options in the years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The tax effect to the Company from these share transactions during fiscal 2018 was a (reduction to) income tax expense of ($1,230,000). Prior to the adoption of this ASU, in fiscal 2017 the tax effect to the Company from these transactions, recorded in additional paid-in capital rather than recognized as a (reduction to) income tax expense, was $(197,000). Changes in the Company’s uncertain income tax positions, excluding the related accrual for interest and penalties, are as follows: 2018 2017 2016 Beginning balance Additions for tax positions of the current year Reductions for prior year tax positions Settlements Foreign currency translation Lapses in statutes of limitation Ending balance $ $ 975 444 — — 20 (847) 592 $ $ 1,092 $ 1,833 — — — (9) (108) 975 — — (771) 30 — $ 1,092 The Company had $33,000 and $21,000 accrued for the payment of interest and penalties at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognizes interest expense or penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a part of income tax expense in its consolidated statements of operations. All of the unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2018 would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S., various state, local, and foreign jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service has completed an examination of the Company’s U.S. income tax returns for fiscal 2015 resulting in no adjustments. The Company has no current U.S. income tax examinations or audits. The Company’s major tax jurisdictions are the United States and Germany. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to tax examinations by tax authorities in the United States for tax years prior to March 31, 2015 and in Germany for tax years prior to March 31, 2011. The Company has a current tax examination in Germany for fiscal years 2012 to 2014. The Company does not anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly due to the settlement of audits or the expiration of statutes of limitation prior to March 31, 2019. 17. Rental Expense and Lease Commitments Rental expense for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $13,020,000, $9,216,000, and $7,532,000, respectively. The fiscal 2018 increase is largely due to the transition to and rental of a new warehouse in North America. The following amounts represent future minimum payment commitments as of March 31, 2018 under non-cancelable operating leases extending beyond one year: 79 Year Ended March 31, 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Real Property 8,412 5,741 4,789 3,800 3,242 8,463 34,447 $ Vehicles/ Equipment 1,776 1,316 847 421 309 303 4,972 $ Total 10,188 7,057 5,636 4,221 3,551 8,766 39,419 $ 18. Business Segment Information ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes the standards for reporting information about operating segments in financial statements. The Company has one operating and reportable segment for both internal and external reporting purposes. Financial information relating to the Company’s operations by geographic area is as follows: Net sales: United States Europe Canada Asia Pacific Latin America Total Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2018 $ $ 455,483 316,694 20,672 19,082 27,488 839,419 $ $ 408,911 169,074 19,718 13,857 25,563 637,123 $ $ 382,923 151,702 20,750 14,310 27,418 597,103 Note: Net sales to external customers are attributed to geographic areas based upon the location from which the product was shipped from the Company to the customer. Total assets: United States Europe Canada Asia Pacific Latin America Total Long-lived assets: United States Europe Canada Asia Pacific Latin America Total Year Ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016 $ 477,712 $ 474,440 $ 519,168 613,842 581,981 7,469 23,630 19,793 $ 1,142,446 9,825 23,260 24,337 $ 1,113,843 $ 199,385 9,665 21,481 23,152 772,851 Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2018 $ $ 293,576 421,183 $ 301,715 377,285 308,504 78,831 1,172 6,847 1,499 1,156 6,853 1,501 1,129 7,683 1,488 $ 724,277 $ 688,510 $ 397,635 80 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Note: Long-lived assets include net property, plant, and equipment, goodwill, and other intangibles, net. Sales by major product group are as follows: Hoists Chain and rigging tools Industrial cranes Actuators and rotary unions Digital power control and delivery systems Elevator application drive systems Other Total 19. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) Below is selected quarterly financial data for fiscal 2018 and 2017: $ $ $ $ Year Ended March 31, 2017 357,447 71,832 29,151 67,468 78,660 21,998 10,567 637,123 2018 532,925 79,884 35,071 71,525 84,565 24,423 11,026 839,419 $ $ 2016 351,965 75,432 30,526 63,923 50,361 14,554 10,342 597,103 Net sales Gross profit Income (loss) from operations Net income (loss) Net income (loss) per share – basic Net income (loss) per share – diluted Net sales Gross profit Income from operations Net income (loss) Net income (loss) per share – basic Net income (loss) per share – diluted June 30, 2017 203,726 69,308 20,015 11,656 0.52 0.51 June 30, 2016 149,013 48,047 11,201 6,401 0.32 0.32 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 81 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 December 31, 2017 $ $ $ $ 212,828 71,619 19,587 12,508 0.55 0.54 $ $ $ $ March 31, 2018 214,140 74,602 16,324 8,466 $ 208,725 69,045 14,173 (10,565) $ (0.46) $ 0.37 (0.46) $ 0.36 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 December 31, 2016 $ $ $ $ 151,925 49,729 12,619 6,816 0.34 0.33 $ $ $ $ March 31, 2017 183,688 50,335 (3,164) (4,738) $ $ 152,497 44,821 5,317 505 0.02 0.02 $ $ (0.22) (0.22) COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) 20. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss is as follows: Foreign currency translation adjustment – net of tax Pension liability – net of tax Postretirement obligations – net of tax Split-dollar life insurance arrangements – net of tax Derivatives qualifying as hedges – net of tax Net unrealized investment gain – net of tax Accumulated other comprehensive loss March 31, 2018 (8,647) $ (49,889) 1,372 (1,462) (1,515) 883 (59,258) $ 2017 (30,364) (61,936) 888 (1,668) (5,078) 694 (97,464) $ $ The deferred taxes related to the adjustments associated with the items included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of deferred tax asset valuation allowances, were $(6,848,000), $(5,579,000), and $4,753,000 for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 respectively. Refer to Note 16 for discussion of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance. In the period subsequent to our initial recording of the valuation allowance in fiscal 2011, increases and decreases to both the deferred tax assets associated with items in accumulated other comprehensive loss, and the valuation allowance, have been recorded as offsets to comprehensive income. As a result of the Act as described in Note 16, the Company recorded as an offsetting entry a ($9,477,000) stranded tax effect in the minimum pension liability component, ($194,000) stranded tax effect in the split dollar life insurance arrangement component, and a ($88,000) stranded tax effect in the net unrealized investment gain component of other comprehensive income. The stranded tax effect related to the other post retirement obligations component was not material. As a result of the recording of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance in fiscal 2011, the Company recorded as an offsetting entry a $10,006,000 stranded tax effect in the minimum pension liability component, $935,000 stranded tax effect in the other post retirement obligations component, $747,000 stranded tax effect in the split dollar life insurance arrangement component, and a $557,000 stranded tax effect in the net unrealized investment gain component of other comprehensive income. With the reversal of that valuation allowance in fiscal 2013, the Company recorded the reversal of the valuation allowance as a reduction of income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations. As a result of the recording of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance in fiscal 2005, the Company recorded as an offsetting entry a $534,000 stranded tax effect in the minimum pension liability component of other comprehensive income. With the reversal of that valuation allowance in fiscal 2006, the Company recorded the reversal of the valuation allowance as a reduction of income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations. The stranded tax effects described above are in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” even though the impact of the act and the deferred tax asset valuation allowance described above were initially established as an adjustment to comprehensive income. This amount will remain indefinitely as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. As described in Note 21, the Company is evaluating the impact ASU 2018-02 will have accumulated other comprehensive income. Refer to Note 21 for additional information. The activity by year related to investments, including reclassification adjustments for activity included in earnings are as follows (all items shown net of tax): 82 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) Net unrealized investment gain (loss) at beginning of year Unrealized holdings gain (loss) arising during the period Reclassification adjustments for gain included in earnings Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments Net unrealized investment gain at end of year Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2018 $ $ 694 189 — 189 883 $ $ 626 173 (105) 68 694 $ $ 859 (79) (154) (233) 626 Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the year ended March 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands): Unrealized Investment Gain Beginning balance net of tax Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive loss to net income Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income Ending balance $ $ 694 189 — 189 883 March 31, 2018 Foreign Currency Change in Derivatives Qualifying as Hedges (30,364) $ (5,078) Retirement Obligations $ (62,716) $ Total (97,464) 10,722 21,717 (23,718) 8,910 2,015 — 27,281 29,296 12,737 (49,979) $ $ 21,717 (8,647) $ 3,563 (1,515) $ 38,206 (59,258) Details of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the year ended March 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands): Details of AOCL Components Net pension amount unrecognized Amount reclassified from AOCL Affected line item on consolidated statement of operations Change in derivatives qualifying as hedges $ $ $ $ (1) 3,100 3,100 Total before tax (1,085) Tax benefit 2,015 Net of tax 264 Cost of products sold 2,530 Interest expense 33,935 Foreign currency 36,729 Total before tax (9,448) Tax benefit 27,281 Net of tax (1) These accumulated other comprehensive loss components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. (See Note 12 — Pensions and Other Benefit Plans for additional details.) 83 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) 21. Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118." This ASU adds guidance to ASC 740, Income Taxes, that contain SEC guidance related to SAB 118 (codified as SEC SAB Topic 5.EE, “Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”). The standard is effective upon issuance. Refer to Note 16 for further information regarding the impact of the standard. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income." This ASU amends ASC 220, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income, to allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. In addition, under the ASU, an entity will be required to provide certain disclosures regarding stranded tax effects. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." ASU 2014-09 outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model will require revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,” which delays the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. This ASU and various other amendments below which clarify the new revenue standard are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)." This ASU amends the principal-versus-agent implementation guidance and illustrations in the FASB’s new revenue standard (ASC 606). The FASB issued the ASU in response to concerns identified by stakeholders, including those related to (1) determining the appropriate unit of account under the revenue standard’s principal- versus-agent guidance and (2) applying the indicators of whether an entity is a principal or an agent in accordance with the revenue standard’s control principle. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients." ASU 2016-12 provides for amendments to ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, amending the guidance on transition, collectability, noncash consideration and the presentation of sales and other similar taxes. Specifically, ASU 2016-12 clarifies that, for a contract to be considered completed at transition, all (or substantially all) of the revenue must have been recognized under legacy GAAP. In addition, ASU 2016-12 clarifies how an entity should evaluate the collectability threshold and when an entity can recognize nonrefundable consideration received as revenue if an arrangement does not meet the standard’s contract criteria. In November 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-14, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Topic 606)." The standard amends various paragraphs in ASC 220, ASC 605, and ASC 606 that contains SEC guidance, specifically Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 116 (SAB 116). The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The new revenue standard is effective for the Company on April 1, 2018 and the Company plans to adopt using the modified retrospective method whereas prior periods are not restated. We have evaluated revenue from contracts with customers and have concluded that the new standard will not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements at transition. Therefore, we do not expect to record a material cumulative catch up adjustment to retained earnings for revenue differences identified due to the timing or amount of revenue. We have updated our policies and internal control framework and implemented additional controls to facilitate accounting for certain projects under the new standard, specifically for certain rail and road and other custom projects in the EMEA region. Lastly, the Company is still evaluating the impact of certain disclosures which are required under the new standard during the first quarter in fiscal 2019. 84 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (tabular amounts in thousands, except share data) In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (Topic 815)." The standard better aligns an entity’s financial reporting for hedging relationships with risk management activities and reduces the complexity for the application of hedge accounting. Changes include the ability to elect to perform subsequent effectiveness assessments qualitatively and the elimination of the concept of recognizing periodic hedge ineffectiveness for cash flow hedges. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-10, "Service Concession Arrangements (Topic 853)." The standard clarifies how an operating entity determines the customer of the operation services for transactions within the scope of ASC 853 by clarifying that the grantor is the customer of the operation services in all cases for those arrangements. The effective date is aligned with that of ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which is April 1, 2018 for the Company. We do not anticipate that this standard will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)." The standard provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within the fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (Topic 350)." The standard removes the requirement to compare the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying value amount as part of step 2 of the goodwill test. Therefore, the impairment charge is the amount by which the carrying value is greater than the reporting unit's fair value. The ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company has adopted this standard effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-17, "Interest Held Through Related Parties That Are Under Common Control." The standard requires that a single decision maker consider indirect interests held by related parties under common control on a proportionate basis in a manner consistent with its evaluation of indirect interests held through other related parties. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." This ASU makes several modifications to Topic 718 related to the accounting for forfeitures, employer tax withholding on share-based compensation and the financial statement presentation of excess tax benefits or deficiencies. ASU 2016-09 also clarifies the statement of cash flows presentation for certain components of share-based awards. The Company adopted this standard effective April 1, 2017. Refer to Note 14 for further information regarding the impact of the standard in fiscal 2018. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." This standard will require all leases with durations greater than twelve months to be recognized on the balance sheet. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, although early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and internal control framework and have started gathering lease agreements in order to compile a complete list. Information about our undiscounted future lease payments and the timing of those payments is included in Note 17. 85 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION SCHEDULE II—Valuation and qualifying accounts March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 Dollars in thousands Description Year ended March 31, 2018: Deducted from asset accounts: Allowance for doubtful accounts Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Total Reserves on balance sheet: Accrued general and product liability costs Year ended March 31, 2017: Deducted from asset accounts: Allowance for doubtful accounts Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Total Reserves on balance sheet: Accrued general and product liability costs Year ended March 31, 2016: Deducted from asset accounts: Allowance for doubtful accounts Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Total Reserves on balance sheet: Accrued general and product liability costs _________________ Additions Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Charged to Other Accounts Acquisition Deductions Balance at End of Period $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,676 $ 1,184 $ 153 $ — $ 493 (1) $ 3,520 4,585 (104) 190 7,261 $ 1,080 $ 343 $ — — $ — 493 $ 4,671 8,191 13,335 $ 3,965 $ — $ — $ 3,718 (2) $ 13,582 2,177 4,131 6,308 $ $ 484 $ 1,368 $ — $ 1,353 (1) $ (829) 547 (345) $ 1,915 $ 736 736 — $ 1,353 $ 2,676 4,585 7,261 14,535 $ 7,223 $ — $ — $ 8,423 (2) $ 13,335 2,155 1,977 4,132 $ $ (13) $ 401 $ 2,860 (706) 2,847 $ (305) $ — $ — — $ 366 (1) $ — 366 $ 2,177 4,131 6,308 12,530 $ 5,277 $ — $ 1,523 $ 4,795 (2) $ 14,535 (1) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries (2) Insurance claims and expenses paid 86 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures As of March 31, 2018, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2018. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2016 based on the framework in Internal Control--Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (COSO). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2018. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein. Our management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 87 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Columbus McKinnon Corporation Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited Columbus McKinnon Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Columbus McKinnon Corporation (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2018, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”) of the Company and our report dated May 30, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Buffalo, New York May 30, 2018 88 Item 9B. Other Information None. PART III Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant The information regarding Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant will be included in a Proxy Statement to be filed with the Commission prior to July 31, 2018 and upon the filing of such Proxy Statement, is incorporated by reference herein. The charters of our Audit Committee, Compensation and Succession Committee, and Governance and Nomination Committee are available on our website at www.cmworks.com and are available to any shareholder upon request to the Corporate Secretary. The information on the Company's website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, as well as our directors. Our code of ethics, the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Legal Compliance & Business Ethics Manual, is available on our website at www.cmworks.com. We intend to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, the code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer otherwise required to be disclosed under Item 10 of Form 8-K by posting such amendment or waiver, as applicable, on our website. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information regarding Executive Compensation will be included in a Proxy Statement to be filed with the Commission prior to July 31, 2018 and upon the filing of such Proxy Statement, is incorporated by reference herein. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information regarding Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and regarding equity compensation plan incorporation will be included in a Proxy Statement to be filed with the Commission prior to July 31, 2018 and upon the filing of such Proxy Statement, is incorporated by reference herein. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information regarding Certain Relationships and Related Transactions will be included in a Proxy Statement to be filed with the Commission prior to July 31, 2018 and upon the filing of such Proxy Statement, is incorporated by reference herein. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information regarding Principal Accountant Fees and Services will be included in a Proxy Statement to be filed with the Commission prior to July 31, 2018 and upon the filing of such Proxy Statement, is incorporated by reference herein. 89 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (1) Financial Statements: The following consolidated financial statements of Columbus McKinnon Corporation are included in Item 8: Reference Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated balance sheets - March 31, 2018 and 2017 Consolidated statements of operations – Years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity – Years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 Consolidated statements of cash flows – Years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 Notes to consolidated financial statements (2) Financial Statement Schedule: Schedule II - Valuation and qualifying accounts Page No. 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Page No. 86 All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted. (3) Exhibits: Exhibit Number Exhibit 3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement No. 33-80687 on Form S-1 dated December 21, 1995). 3.2 Amended By-Laws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 28, 2013). 3.3 Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Columbus McKinnon Corporation, dated as of May 18, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 18, 2009). 3.4 Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 29, 2018). 4.1 Specimen common share certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement No. 33-80687 on Form S-1 dated December 21, 1995.) 4.2 Rights Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2009, between Columbus McKinnon Corporation and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, which includes the form of Right Certificate as Exhibit B and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Stock as Exhibit C (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 18, 2009). 4.3 Indenture related to the Company’s 7.875% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2019 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2011) 90 4.4 Supplemental Indenture related to the Company’s subsidiary guarantors as defined in the Indenture agreement related to the Company’s 7.875% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2019 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2011) #10.1 Agreement by and among Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Trust, Columbus McKinnon Corporation and Marine Midland Bank, dated November 2, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Registration Statement No. 33-80687 on Form S-1 dated December 21, 1995). #10.2 Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan Restatement Effective April 1, 1989 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Registration Statement No. 33-80687 on Form S-1 dated December 21, 1995). #10.3 Amendment No. 1 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated March 2, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Registration Statement No. 33-80687 on Form S-1 dated December 21, 1995). #10.4 Amendment No. 2 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan, dated October 17, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997). #10.5 Amendment No. 3 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan, dated March 27, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997). #10.6 Amendment No. 4 of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated September 30, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 1996). #10.7 Amendment No. 5 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated August 28, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998). #10.8 Amendment No. 6 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated June 24, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998). #10.9 Amendment No. 7 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated April 30, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2000). #10.10 Amendment No. 8 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated March 26, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002). #10.11 Amendment No. 9 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated March 27, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003). #10.12 Amendment No. 10 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated February 28, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004). #10.13 Amendment No. 11 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated December 19, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 28, 2003). #10.14 Amendment No. 12 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated March 17, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005). #10.15 Amendment No. 13 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan as Amended and Restated as of April 1, 1989, dated December 19, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 28, 2008). #10.16 Columbus McKinnon Corporation Personal Retirement Account Plan Trust Agreement, dated April 1, 1987 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Registration Statement No. 33-80687 on Form S-1 dated December 21, 1995). #10.17 Second Amendment to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Restricted Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 29, 2002). #10.18 Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan 1989 Restatement Effective January 1, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 27, 1998). #10.19 Amendment No. 1 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated December 10, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999). 91 #10.20 Amendment No. 2 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401 (k)] Plan, dated June 1, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2000). #10.21 Amendment No. 3 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401 (k)] Plan, dated March 26, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002). #10.22 Amendment No. 4 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated May 10, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 29, 2002). #10.23 Amendment No. 5 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated December 20, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 29, 2002). #10.24 Amendment No. 6 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated May 22, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003). #10.25 Amendment No. 7 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated April 14, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004). #10.26 Amendment No. 8 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated December 19, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 28, 2003). #10.27 Amendment No. 9 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated March 16, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004). #10.28 Amendment No. 10 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated July 12, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended July 4, 2004). #10.29 Amendment No. 11 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated March 31, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005). #10.30 Amendment No. 12 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated December 27, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006). #10.31 Amendment No. 13 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated December 21, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March, 31, 2007). #10.32 Amendment No. 14 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated December 21, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008). #10.33 Amendment No. 15 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift [401(k)] Plan, dated January 29, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 28, 2008). #10.34 Columbus McKinnon Corporation Thrift 401(k) Plan Trust Agreement Restatement Effective August 9, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Company’s Registration Statement No. 33-80687 on Form S-1 dated December 21, 1995). #10.35 Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan Restatement Effective April 1, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 27, 1998). #10.36 Amendment No. 1 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated December 10, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999). #10.37 Amendment No. 2 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated May 26, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999). #10.38 Amendment No. 3 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated March 26, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002). 92 #10.39 Amendment No. 4 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated December 20, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 29, 2002). #10.40 Amendment No. 5 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated February 28, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004). #10.41 Amendment No. 6 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated March 17, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005). #10.42 Amendment No. 7 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated December 28, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006). #10.43 Amendment No. 8 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated December 28, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2006). #10.44 Amendment No. 9 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated April 21, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008). #10.45 Amendment No. 10 to the 1998 Plan Restatement of the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan, dated December 19, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 28, 2008). #10.46 Columbus McKinnon Corporation Monthly Retirement Benefit Plan Trust Agreement Effective as of April 1, 1987 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company’s Registration Statement No. 33-80687 on Form S-1 dated December 21, 1995). #10.47 Columbus McKinnon Corporation 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Columbus McKinnon Corporation held on July 31, 2006). #10.48 Amendment No. 1 to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, dated December 30, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 28, 2008). #10.49 Form of Change in Control Agreement as entered into between Columbus McKinnon Corporation and certain of its executive officers. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1998). #10.50 Form of Omnibus Code Section 409A Compliance Policy as entered into between Columbus McKinnon Corporation and certain of its executive officers. (incorporated by reference to Appendix to the definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Columbus McKinnon Corporation held on July 31, 2006). #10.51 Fourth amended and restated credit agreement dated as of December 31, 2009 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2010) #10.52 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan effective July 26, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s S-8 filed on August 12, 2010. #10.53 First Amendment to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated December 31, 2009. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 26, 2010) #10.54 Second Amendment to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated December 31, 2009. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 22, 2010) #10.55 Third Amendment to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated December 31, 2009. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2011) #10.56 Fourth Amendment to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated December 31, 2009. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2012) #10.57 Amendment to the Company’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan, effective January 1, 2013. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 5.02 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 19, 2012) #10.58 Fifth Amendment to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated December 31, 2009. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 24, 2012) #10.59 Credit agreement dated January 23, 2015. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 27, 2015) #10.60 Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of September 2, 2015. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2015) 93 #10.61 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated July 26, 2015 and completed on September 2, 2015. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 and 2.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2015) #10.62 2016 Long Term Incentive Plan effective August 3, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s S-8 filed on August 3, 2016. #10.63 Share Purchase Agreement, dated November 30, 2016 and completed on January 31, 2017. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on January 26, 2017) #10.64 Credit agreement dated January 31, 2017. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 31, 2017) #10.65 Share Purchase Agreement dated December 18, 2016 and completed on January 30, 2017. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2016. #10.66 Registration Rights Agreement dated December 18, 2016 and completed on January 30, 2017. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2016. *21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant. *23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. *31.1 Certification of the principal executive officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. *31.2 Certification of the principal financial officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. *32.1 Certification of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted by pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The information contained in this exhibit shall not be deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission nor incorporated by reference in any registration statement foiled by the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. *101.INS XBRL Instance Document *101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document *101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document *101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document *101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document *101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document * Filed herewith # Indicates a Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement 94 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: May 30, 2018 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION By: /s/ Mark D. Morelli Mark D. Morelli President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 95 Signature Title Date /s/ Mark D. Morelli President, Chief Executive Officer and Director May 30, 2018 (Principal Executive Officer) Mark D. Morelli /s/ Gregory P. Rustowicz Gregory P. Rustowicz Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) May 30, 2018 /s/ Ernest R. Verebelyi Chairman of the Board of Directors May 30, 2018 Ernest R. Verebelyi /s/ Richard H. Fleming Director May 30, 2018 Richard H. Fleming /s/ Liam G. McCarthy Director May 30, 2018 Liam G. McCarthy /s/ Heath A. Mitts Director May 30, 2018 Heath A. Mitts /s/ Nicholas T. Pinchuk Director May 30, 2018 Nicholas T. Pinchuk /s/ Stephen Rabinowitz Director May 30, 2018 Stephen Rabinowitz /s/ Kathryn V. Roedel Director May 30, 2018 Kathryn V. Roedel /s/ R. Scott Trumbull Director May 30, 2018 R. Scott Trumbull 96 Exhibit 21.1 COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION SUBSIDIARIES (as of March 31, 2018) CM Insurance Company, Inc. (US-NY) Crane Equipment & Service, Inc. (US-OK) Unified Industries Inc. (US-MI) Magnetek, Inc. (US-DE) Magnetek National Electric Coil, Inc. (US-DE) STAHL Cranesystems Inc. (US-SC) Yale Industrial Products, Inc. (US-DE) Yale Industrial Products Ltd. (England) Columbus McKinnon Dutch Holdings 1 B.V. (The Netherlands) Columbus McKinnon Dutch Holdings 2 B.V. (The Netherlands) Columbus McKinnon Dutch Holdings 3 B.V. (The Netherlands) Morris Middle East, Ltd. (Cayman Islands) Eastern Morris Cranes Company Limited (49% Investment) (Saudi Arabia) Columbus McKinnon Limited (Canada) Magnetek Canada ULC (Canada) Columbus McKinnon Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) Columbus McKinnon (Shanghai) International Trading Co. LTD (China) Columbus McKinnon Asia Pacific Ltd. (Hong Kong) Columbus McKinnon Industrial Products Co. Ltd. (China) Columbus McKinnon (Hangzhou) Industries Co. Ltd. (China) Yale Industrial Products Asia Co. Ltd. (Thailand) Columbus McKinnon Singapore Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) STAHL Cranesystems Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) STAHL Cranesystems India Private Ltd. (India) Columbus McKinnon EMEA GmbH (Germany) Columbus McKinnon Industrial Products GmbH (Germany) Columbus McKinnon Corporation Ltd. (England) Magnetek (UK) Limited (England) Stahl Cranesystems Ltd. (England) Columbus McKinnon France S.a.r.l. (France) STAHL Cranesystems S.A.S (France) Columbus McKinnon Maghreb S.a.r.l AAU (Morocco) Société d’Exploitation des Raccords Gautier (France) Columbus McKinnon Italia S.r.l. (Italy) Columbus McKinnon Ibérica S.L.U. (Spain) STAHL Cranesystems S.L. (Spain) Columbus McKinnon Benelux, B.V. (The Netherlands) CMCO Material Handling (Pty), Ltd. (South Africa) Yale Engineering Products (Pty.) Ltd. (South Africa) Yale Lifting Solutions (Pty.) Ltd. (South Africa) Yale Lifting Solutions Industrial (Pty.) Ltd. (South Africa) Columbus McKinnon Austria GmbH (Austria) Hebetechnik Gesellschaft GmbH (Austria) Columbus McKinnon Hungary Kft. (Hungary) Columbus McKinnon Russia LLC (Russia) Columbus McKinnon Kaldirma ESVT, Ltd. (Turkey) Columbus McKinnon Polska Sp.z.o.o (Poland) Columbus McKinnon Switzerland AG (Switzerland) Columbus McKinnon Ireland, Ltd. (Ireland) Stahlhammer Bommern GmbH (Germany) Ferromet al Limitada (Portugal) Stahl Cranesystems GmbH (Germany) STAHL Cranesystems FZE (UAE) STAHL Cranesystems Shanghai Co. Ltd. (China) Columbus McKinnon Engineered Products GmbH (Germany) Pfaff Silberblau Utilaje de Ridicat si Transportat S.R.L. (Romania) Verkehrstechnik Gmbh (Germany) Columbus McKinnon Latin America B.V. (The Netherlands) Columbus McKinnon de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) Columbus McKinnon de Uruguay, S.A. (Uruguay) Columbus McKinnon do Brazil Ltda. (Brazil) Columbus McKinnon de Panama S.A. (Panama) Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-3212) pertaining to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation 1995 Incentive Stock Option Plan, the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan, the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Restricted Stock Plan and the Columbus McKinnon Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan Restatement Effective April 1, 1989 of Columbus McKinnon Corporation, (2) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-137212) pertaining to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, (3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-168777) pertaining to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, (4) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-207165) pertaining to the 2014 Incentive Plan of Magnetek, Inc., (5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-212865) pertaining to the Columbus McKinnon Corporation 2016 Long Term Incentive Plan, (6) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-212862) and related Prospectus of Columbus McKinnon Corporation for the registration of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, rights, stock purchase contracts, debt securities, units and guarantees of debt securities of Columbus McKinnon Corporation, and (7) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-217382) and related Prospectus of Columbus McKinnon Corporation for the registration of 2,273,000 shares of common stock of Columbus McKinnon Corporation; of our reports dated May 30, 2018, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Columbus McKinnon Corporation and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Columbus McKinnon Corporation included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Columbus McKinnon Corporation for the year ended March 31, 2018. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Buffalo, New York May 30, 2018 CERTIFICATION I, Mark D. Morelli, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Columbus McKinnon Corporation; EXHIBIT 31.1 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter, the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: May 30, 2018 /s/ MARK D. MORELLI Mark D. Morelli Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION I, Gregory P. Rustowicz, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Columbus McKinnon Corporation; Exhibit 31.2 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter, the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: May 30, 2018 /s/ GREGORY P. RUSTOWICZ Gregory P. Rustowicz Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION Exhibit 32.1 Each of the undersigned hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report of Columbus McKinnon Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in the such Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. Dated: May 30, 2018 /s/ MARK D. MORELLI Mark D. Morelli Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ GREGORY P. RUSTOWICZ Gregory P. Rustowicz Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) This page intentionally left blank. This page intentionally left blank. This page intentionally left blank. Executive Officers Board of Directors Mark D. Morelli President and Chief Executive Officer Gregory P. Rustowicz Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Benjamin AuYeung Vice President - Asia Pacific Ernest R. Verebelyi, Chairman Terex Corporation (NYSE: TEX) (retired) Mark D. Morelli Columbus McKinnon Corporation Richard H. Fleming 1,3* USG Corporation (NYSE: USG) (retired) Bert A Brant Vice President - Global Manufacturing Operations Liam G. McCarthy 2,3 Molex Inc. (retired) Alan S. Korman Vice President Corporate Development, General Counsel and Chief Human Resources Officer Peter M. McCormick Vice President - Crane Solutions Mark R. Paradowski Vice President - Information Services John H. Stewart Vice President - Engineered Solutions Kurt F. Wozniak Vice President - Industrial Products Heath A. Mitts 1*,3 TE Connectivity Ltd. (NYSE: TEL) Nicholas T. Pinchuk 2,3 Snap-on Inc. (NYSE: SNA) Stephen Rabinowitz 1,2 General Cable Corporation (NYSE: BGC) (retired) Kathryn V. Roedel 1,2 Sleep Number Corporation (NASDAQ: SCSS) (retired) R. Scott Trumbull 1,2* Franklin Electric Company (NASDAQ: FELE) (retired) 1 Audit 2 Compensation and Succession 3 Corporate Governance and Nomination * Chairperson Reconciliation of GAAP Net Income & EPS to Non-GAAP Net Income & EPS 2018 Year Ended March 31, 2016 2017 2015 2014 $ 22,065 $ 8,984 $ 19,579 $ 27,190 $ 30,421 Net Income Add back (deduct): Acquisition inventory step-up expense & real estate transfer taxes Acquisition deal, integration and severance costs CEO retirement pay and search costs Insurance recovery legal costs Impairment of intangible asset Cost of debt refinancing Loss on foreign exchange option for acquisition Canadian pension lump sum settlements Product liability costs for legal settlement Building held for sale impairment charge Facility consolidation costs Acquisition amortization of backlog Debt repricing fees Magnatek litigation Insurance settlement Normalize tax rate to 22% * - 8,763 - 2,948 - - - - - - - - 619 400 (2,362) 14,408 8,852 8,815 3,085 1,359 1,125 1,303 1,590 247 - - - - - - - (4,626) 1,446 8,046 - - - - - - 1,100 429 1,444 581 - - - 2,218 659 - - - - 8,567 - - - - 1,726 - - - - (1,508) - 1,657 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,538 Non-GAAP adjusted net income $ 46,841 $ 30,734 $ 34,843 $ 36,634 $ 34,616 Average diluted shares outstanding 23,335 20,888 20,315 20,224 19,950 Net income per diluted share - GAAP Net income per diluted share - Non-GAAP 0.95 2.01 0.43 1.47 0.96 1.72 1.34 1.81 1.52 1.74 * Applies a normalized tax rate of 22% to GAAP pre-tax income and non-GAAP adjustments above, pre-tax. Shareholder and Corporate Information Common Stock Columbus McKinnon’s common stock is traded on NASDAQ under the symbol CMCO. As of June 1, 2018, there were 364 shareholders of record and 23,137,457 total shares of common stock outstanding. According to SEC filings, as of March 31, 2018, there were 188 institutional and mutual fund investors who own approximately 96.4% of Columbus McKinnon’s outstanding common shares. Annual Meeting of Shareholders July 23, 2018 10:00 a.m. Central Time Four Seasons Hotel Chicago 120 East Delaware Place Chicago, Illinois 60611 Transfer Agent Please direct questions about lost certificates, change of address and consolidation of accounts to the Company’s transfer agent and registrar: American Stock Transfer & Trust Company 620 15th Avenue Brooklyn, New York 11219 800-937-5449 718-921-8124 www.amstock.com Corporate Headquarters Columbus McKinnon Corporation 205 Crosspoint Parkway Buffalo, New York 14068 716-689-5400 www.cmworks.com Investor Relations Gregory P. Rustowicz Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Columbus McKinnon Corporation 716-689-5442 greg.rustowicz@cmworks.com Deborah K. Pawlowski Kei Advisors LLC 716-843-3908 dpawlowski@keiadvisors.com Investor information is available on the Company’s website: www.cmworks.com Independent Auditors Ernst & Young LLP 1500 Key Tower 50 Fountain Plaza Buffalo, New York 14202-2297 Reconciliation of GAAP Income from Operations & Margin to Non-GAAP Income from Operations & Margin Income from operations Add back (deduct): Year Ended March 31, 2018 70,099 $ 2017 25,973 $ Acquisition inventory step-up expense & real estate transfer taxes Acquisition deal, integration and severance costs CEO retirement pay and search costs Insurance recovery legal costs Impairment of intangible asset Canadian pension lump sum settlements Debt repricing fees Magnatek litigation Insurance settlement - 8,763 - 2,948 - - 619 400 (2,362) 8,852 8,815 3,085 1,359 1,125 247 - - - Non-GAAP income from operations $ 80,467 $ 49,456 Adjusted operating margin 9.6% 7.8% Forward-Looking Information The Columbus McKinnon annual report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning future revenue and earnings, involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by such statements, including general economic and business conditions, conditions affecting the industries served by the Company and its subsidiaries, conditions affecting the Company’s customers and suppliers, competitor responses to the Company’s products and services, the overall market acceptance of such products and services and other factors disclosed in the Company’s periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company assumes no obligation to update the forward-looking information contained in this report. 205 Crosspoint Parkway | Buffalo, New York 14068 General 716-689-5400 | Investor Relations 716-689-5442 cmworks.com | NASDAQ: CMCO 

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