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Keller GroupUse these links to rapidly review the documentTABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataTable of ContentsUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549Form 10-KFor the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2012Commission file number: 1-13011Comfort Systems USA, Inc.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Delaware(State or Other Jurisdiction ofIncorporation orOrganization) 76-0526487(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)675 Bering DriveSuite 400Houston, Texas 77057(713) 830-9600(Address and telephone number of Principal Executive Offices) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange on whichRegisteredCommon Stock, $.01 par value New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to suchfiling requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data Filerequired to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for suchshorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No oANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THESECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation SK is not contained herein, and will not be contained,to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or anyamendment to this Form 10-K. o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reportingcompany. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company," in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Checkone): Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes o No The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant at June 30, 2012 was approximately $374.2 million, basedon the $10.02 last sale price of the registrant's common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2012. As of February 22, 2013, 37,244,066 shares of the registrant's common stock were outstanding (excluding treasury shares of 3,879,299).DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE The information required by Part III (other than the required information regarding executive officers) is incorporated by reference from theregistrant's definitive proxy statement, which will be filed with the Commission not later than 120 days following December 31, 2012. Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer o(Do not check if asmaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company o Table of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTS1Part I Item 1. Business 2 Item 1A. Risk Factors 11 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 18 Item 2. Properties 18 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 18 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 18 Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases ofEquity Securities 19 Item 6. Selected Financial Data 22 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 23 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 40 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 41 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 79 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 79 Item 9B. Other Information 79 Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 79 Item 11. Executive Compensation 79 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related StockholderMatters 79 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 79 Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 79 Part IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 80 Table of ContentsFORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain statements and information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of thePrivate Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "plan," "intend," "foresee," "should," "would," "could,"or other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which are generally not historic in nature. These forward-lookingstatements are based on the current expectations and beliefs of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company")concerning future developments and their effect on the Company. While the Company's management believes that these forward-looking statements arereasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting the Company will be those that it anticipates. Allcomments concerning the Company's expectations for future revenue and operating results are based on the Company's forecasts for its existingoperations and do not include the potential impact of any future acquisitions. The Company's forward-looking statements involve significant risks anduncertainties (some of which are beyond the Company's control) and assumptions that could cause actual future results to differ materially from theCompany's historical experience and its present expectations or projections. Known material factors that could cause the Company's actual results todiffer from those in the forward-looking statements are those described in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors."Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Companyundertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of newinformation, future events, or otherwise.PART I The terms "Comfort Systems," "we," "us," or "the Company" refer to Comfort Systems USA, Inc. or Comfort Systems USA, Inc. and itsconsolidated subsidiaries, as appropriate in the context.ITEM 1. Business Comfort Systems USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was established in 1997. We provide comprehensive heating, ventilation and airconditioning ("HVAC") installation, maintenance, repair and replacement services within the mechanical services industry. We have 37 operating unitsin 72 cities and 87 locations throughout the United States. We operate primarily in the commercial, industrial and institutional HVAC markets and perform most of our services within office buildings, retailcenters, apartment complexes, manufacturing plants, and healthcare, education and government facilities. In addition to standard HVAC services, weprovide specialized applications such as building automation control systems, fire protection, process cooling, electronic monitoring and process piping.Certain locations also perform related activities such as electrical service and plumbing. Approximately 99% of our consolidated 2012 revenue wasderived from commercial, industrial and institutional customers and large multi-family residential projects. Approximately 47% of our revenue wasattributable to installation services in newly constructed facilities and 53% were attributable to maintenance, repair and replacement services. Ourconsolidated 2012 revenue was derived from the following service activities, all of which are in the mechanical services industry, the single industrysegment we serve:2Service Activity Percentage ofRevenue HVAC 75%Plumbing 16%Building Automation Control Systems 5%Other 4% Total 100% Table of Contents Our Internet address is http://www.comfortsystemsusa.com. We make available free of charge on or through our website our annual report onForm 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a)or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities andExchange Commission. Our website also includes our code of ethics, titled "Corporate Compliance Policy: Standards and Procedures RegardingBusiness Practices," together with other governance materials including our corporate governance guidelines and our Board committee charters. Printedversions of our code of ethics and our corporate governance guidelines may be obtained upon written request to our Corporate Compliance Officer atour headquarters address.Industry Overview We believe that the commercial, industrial, and institutional HVAC industry has historically generated annual revenue in excess of $40 billion.HVAC systems are necessary to virtually all commercial, industrial and institutional buildings as well as homes. Because most buildings are sealed,HVAC systems provide the primary method of circulating fresh air in such buildings. In many instances, replacing an aging system with a modern,energy-efficient HVAC system significantly reduces a building's operating costs and improves air quality and HVAC system effectiveness. Oldercommercial, industrial and institutional facilities often have poor air quality as well as inadequate air conditioning, and older HVAC systems result insignificantly higher energy costs than do modern systems. These factors cause many facility owners to consider replacing older systems before the endof their functioning lives. Many factors positively affect HVAC industry growth, particularly (i) population growth, which has increased the need for commercial, industrialand institutional space, (ii) an aging installed base of buildings and HVAC environmental and energy efficiency equipment, (iii) increasingsophistication, complexity, and efficiency of HVAC systems, (iv) growing emphasis on environmental and energy efficiency, and (v) reduction orelimination of the refrigerants commonly used in older HVAC systems. We believe these factors should increase demand for the reconfiguration orreplacement of existing HVAC systems and may also mitigate, to some extent, the effect on the HVAC industry of the cyclicality inherent in thetraditional construction industry. The HVAC industry can be broadly divided into two service functions:•installation in newly constructed facilities, which provided approximately 47% of our revenue in 2012, and •maintenance, repair and replacement in existing facilities, which provided the remaining 53% of our 2012 revenue. Installation Services—Installation services consist of "design and build" and "plan and spec" projects. In "design and build" projects, thecommercial HVAC company is responsible for designing, engineering and installing a cost-effective, energy-efficient system customized to the specificneeds of the building owner. Costs and other project terms are normally negotiated between the building owner or its representative and the HVACcompany. Companies that specialize in "design and build" projects generally have specially trained HVAC engineers, CAD/CAM design systems andin-house sheet metal and prefabrication capabilities. These companies use a consultative approach with customers and tend to develop long-termrelationships with building owners and developers, general contractors, architects, consulting engineers and property managers. "Plan and spec"installation refers to projects in which a third-party architect or consulting engineer designs the HVAC systems and the installation project is "put outfor bid." We believe that "plan and spec" projects usually take longer to complete than "design and build" projects because the system design andinstallation process generally are not integrated, thus resulting in more frequent adjustments to the technical specifications of the project and3 Table of Contentscorresponding changes in work requirements and schedules. These adjustments can occur during the bid process or during the project itself, in eithercase adding weeks or months to the project schedule. Furthermore, in "plan and spec" projects, the HVAC company is not responsible for projectdesign and other parties must also approve any changes, thereby increasing overall project time and cost. Maintenance, Repair and Replacement Services—These services include maintaining, repairing, replacing, reconfiguring and monitoringpreviously installed HVAC systems and building automation controls. The growth and aging of the installed base of HVAC systems and the demandfor more efficient and sophisticated systems and building automation controls have fueled growth in this service line. The increasing complexity of theseHVAC systems is leading many commercial, industrial and institutional building owners and property managers to increase attention to maintenanceand to outsource maintenance and repair, often through service agreements with HVAC service providers. In addition, further restrictions have beenplaced on the use of certain types of refrigerants used in HVAC systems, which, along with indoor air quality concerns, may increase demand for thereconfiguration and replacement of existing HVAC systems. State-of-the-art control and monitoring systems feature electronic sensors andmicroprocessors. These systems require specialized training to install, maintain and repair, and the typical building engineer employed directly by abuilding owner or manager has not received this training. Increasingly, HVAC systems in commercial, industrial and institutional buildings are beingremotely monitored through computer-based communications systems to improve energy efficiency and expedite problem diagnosis and correction,thereby allowing us to provide maintenance and repair services at a lower cost.Strategy We focus on strengthening operating competencies and on increasing profit margins. The key objectives of our strategy are to generate growth inour construction and service operations, improve productivity through innovation and to acquire complementing businesses. In order to accomplish ourobjectives we are currently focused on the following elements: Achieve Excellence in Core Competencies—We have identified six core competencies that we believe are critical to attracting and retainingcustomers, increasing operating income and cash flow and creating additional employment opportunities. The six core competencies are: (i) customercultivation and rapport, (ii) design and build expertise, (iii) estimating, (iv) job costing and job measurements, (v) safety, and (vi) service capability. Achieve Operating Efficiencies—We think we can achieve operating efficiencies and cost savings through purchasing economies, adopting "bestpractices" operating programs, and focusing on job management to deliver services in a cost-effective and efficient manner. We have placed greatemphasis on improving the "job loop" at our locations—qualifying, estimating, pricing and executing projects effectively and efficiently, then promptlyassessing project experience for applicability to current and future projects. We also use our combined purchasing to gain volume discounts on productsand services such as HVAC components, raw materials, services, vehicles, bonding, insurance and employee benefits. Attract, Retain and Invest in our Employees—We seek to attract and retain quality employees by providing them an enhanced career path fromworking for a larger company, the opportunity to realize a more stable income and attractive benefits packages. Over the past few years we have madesubstantial investments in training, including programs for project managers, field superintendents, service managers, sales managers, estimators, andmore recently, leadership and development of key managers and leaders. We believe these programs can lead to significantly increased efficiency andgrowth.4 Table of Contents Focus on Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Markets—We primarily focus on the commercial, industrial and institutional markets, withparticular emphasis on "design and build" installation services, and on maintenance, repair and replacement services. We believe that the commercial,industrial and institutional HVAC markets are attractive because of their growth opportunities, large and diverse customer base, reduced weatherexposure as compared to residential markets, attractive margins and potential for long-term relationships with building owners, property managers,general contractors and architects. We believe that although the end-use is ultimately residential, large multi-family projects have many of the samecharacteristics as commercial construction and we participate in this market when conditions are favorable. Approximately 99% of our consolidated2012 revenue was derived from commercial, industrial and institutional customers and large multi-family residential projects. Leveraging Resources and Capabilities—We believe significant operating efficiencies can be achieved by leveraging resources among ouroperating locations. For example, we have shifted certain prefabrication activities into centralized locations thereby increasing asset utilization in thesecentralized locations and redirecting prefabrication employees into other operational areas. We also allocate our engineering, field and supervisory laborfrom one operation to another to more fully use our employee base, meet our customers' needs, and share expertise. We believe we have realized scalebenefits from combining purchasing, insurance, benefits, bonding, and financing activities across our operations. We also believe larger regional andnational commercial, industrial and institutional entities can benefit from consolidating their HVAC needs with service companies that are capable ofproviding those services regionally or nationally. In response to this opportunity, we operate a national call center to dispatch technicians to regional andnational sites requiring service and use web-based proprietary information systems to maintain information on the customer's sites and equipment. Maintain a Diverse Customer, Geographic and Project Base—We have what we believe is a well-diversified distribution of revenue across end-use sectors that reduces our exposure to negative developments in any given sector. We also believe we have a reasonable degree of geographicaldiversification, again reducing our exposure to negative developments in any given region. Our distribution of revenue in 2012 by end-use sector wasas follows: Approximately 84% of our revenue is earned on a project basis for installation of HVAC systems in newly constructed facilities or for replacementof HVAC systems in existing facilities. As of December 31, 2012, we had 4,273 projects in process with an aggregate contract value of approximately$1,859.9 million. Our average project takes six to nine months to complete, with an average contract price of approximately $435,000. This relativelysmall average project size, when taken together with the approximately 16% of our revenue derived from maintenance and service, provides us withwhat we5Manufacturing 23%Education 22%Healthcare 13%Government 13%Office Buildings 10%Retail/Restaurants 6%Multi-Family 4%Lodging and Entertainment 3%Distribution 2%Religious/Not for profit 1%Residential 1%Other 2% Total 100% Table of Contentsbelieve is a broad base of work for a company involved in the construction services sector. A stratification of projects in progress as of December 31,2012, by contract price, is as follows: Seek Growth Through Expansion and Acquisitions—We believe that we can increase our operating income by opportunistically entering newmarkets or service lines through expansion and acquisition. We have based such expansion on existing customers, relationships or expertise, and expectto selectively pursue such opportunities in the future. We continually seek opportunities to acquire businesses that have attractive valuations and meetother criteria involving financial, operational, management and geographic considerations. We are investing in initiatives to expand the proportion of our revenue that is service based. We are actively concentrating our existing managerialresources on training and hiring experienced employees to procure and profitably perform service work. In some locations we have added servicecapability, and we believe our investments and efforts will stimulate growth in all aspects of the commercial HVAC and service and repair business.Operations and Services Provided We provide a wide range of installation, maintenance, repair and replacement services for HVAC and related systems in commercial, industrial andinstitutional properties. We manage our locations on a decentralized basis, with local management maintaining responsibility for day-to-day operatingdecisions. Our local management is augmented by regional leadership that focuses on core business competencies, regional financial performance,cooperation and coordination between locations, implementing best practices and on major corporate initiatives. In addition to senior management, localpersonnel generally include design engineers, sales personnel, customer service personnel, installation and service technicians, sheet metal andprefabrication technicians, estimators and administrative personnel. We have centralized certain administrative functions such as insurance, employeebenefits, training, safety programs, marketing and cash management to enable our local operating management to focus on pursuing new businessopportunities and improving operating efficiencies. We also combine certain back office and administrative functions at various locations. Installation Services—Our installation business related to newly constructed facilities, which comprised approximately 47% of our consolidated2012 revenue, involves the design, engineering, integration, installation and start-up of HVAC, building automation controls and related systems. Weprovide "design and build" and "plan and spec" installation services for office buildings, retail centers, apartment complexes, manufacturing plants,healthcare, education and government facilities and other commercial, industrial and institutional facilities. In a "design and build" installation, workingwith the customer, we determine the needed capacity and energy efficiency of the HVAC system that best suits the proposed facility. We then estimatethe amount of time, labor, materials and equipment needed to build the specified system. The final design, terms, price and timing of the project are thennegotiated with the customer or its representatives, after which any necessary modifications are made to the system plan. In "plan and spec" installation,we participate in a bid process to provide labor,6Contract Price of Project No. ofProjects AggregateContractPrice Value(millions) Under $1 million 3,930 $340.8 $1 million - $5 million 260 599.7 $5 million - $10 million 53 361.6 $10 million - $15 million 18 220.7 Greater than $15 million 12 337.1 Total 4,273 $1,859.9 Table of Contentsequipment, materials and installation based on plans and engineering specifications provided by a customer, general contractor or consulting engineer. Once an agreement has been reached, we order the necessary materials and equipment for delivery to meet the project schedule. In many instances,we fabricate the ductwork and piping and assemble certain components for the system based on the mechanical drawing specifications, eliminating theneed to subcontract ductwork or piping fabrication. Then we install the system at the project site, working closely with the general contractor. Ouraverage project takes six to nine months to complete, with an average contract price of approximately $435,000. We also perform larger project work,with 343 contracts in progress at December 31, 2012 with contract prices in excess of $1 million. Our largest project currently in progress has a contractprice of $54.0 million. Project contracts typically provide for periodic billings to the customer as we meet progress milestones or incur cost on theproject. Project contracts in our industry also frequently allow for a small portion of progress billings or contract price to be withheld by the customeruntil after we have completed the work, typically for six months. Amounts withheld under this practice are known as retention or retainage. We also install process cooling systems and building automation controls and monitoring systems. Process cooling systems are used primarily inindustrial facilities to provide heating and/or cooling to precise temperature and climate standards for products being manufactured and for themanufacturing equipment. Building automation control systems are used in HVAC and process cooling systems to maintain pre-established temperatureor climate standards for commercial or industrial facilities. Building automation control systems are capable not only of controlling a facility's entireHVAC system, often on a room-by-room basis, but can also be programmed to integrate energy management, and monitoring for purposes of security,fire, card key access, lighting and other building systems. This monitoring can be performed on-site or remotely through a computer-basedcommunications system. The monitoring system communicates an exception when a system is operating outside pre-established parameters. Diagnosisof potential problems and remedial adjustments can often be performed remotely from system monitoring terminals. Maintenance, Repair and Replacement Services—Our maintenance, repair and replacement services comprised approximately 53% of ourconsolidated 2012 revenue and include the maintenance, repair, replacement, reconfiguration and monitoring of HVAC systems and industrial processpiping. Approximately 70% of our maintenance, repair and replacement revenue were derived from replacing and reconfiguring existing HVACsystems for commercial, industrial and institutional customers. Replacement and reconfiguration are usually performed on a project basis and often useconsultative expertise similar to that provided in the "design and build" installation market. Maintenance and repair services are provided either in response to service calls or under a service agreement. Service calls are coordinated bycustomer service representatives or dispatchers that use computer and communication technology to process orders, arrange service calls, communicatewith customers, dispatch technicians and invoice customers. Service technicians work from service vehicles equipped with commonly used parts,supplies and tools to complete a variety of jobs. Commercial, industrial and institutional service agreements usually have terms of one to three years,with automatic annual renewals, and typically with thirty- to sixty-day cancellation notice periods. We also provide remote monitoring of temperature,pressure, humidity and air flow for HVAC systems. If the system is not operating within the specifications set forth by the customer and cannot beremotely adjusted, a service crew is dispatched to analyze and repair the system.Sources of Supply The raw materials and components we use include HVAC system components, ductwork, steel, sheet metal and copper tubing and piping. Theseraw materials and components are generally available from a variety of domestic or foreign suppliers at competitive prices. Delivery times are typicallyshort7 Table of Contentsfor most raw materials and standard components, but during periods of peak demand, may extend to one month or more. Over the last several years,many steel, iron and copper products, in particular, have experienced significant price fluctuation and some constrained availability. We estimate thatdirect purchase of commodities and finished products comprises between 10% and 15% of our average project cost. We have procedures to reducecommodity cost exposure; early buying of commodities for particular projects, or for general inventory, as well as including escalation and escapeprovisions in project bids and contracts wherever possible. The negative effects of unrecovered commodity cost inflation in our project results havebeen modest, and are reviewed further in Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" later in thisreport. Chillers for large units typically have the longest delivery time and generally have lead times of up to six months. The major components ofcommercial HVAC systems are compressors and chillers that are manufactured primarily by Carrier, Lennox, McQuay, Trane and York. The majorsuppliers of building automation control systems are Honeywell, Johnson Controls, Siemens, York, Automated Logic, Novar and Andover ControlCorporation. We do not have any significant contracts guaranteeing us a supply of raw materials or components. We administer a portion of our procurement activities with Emcor Group, a larger publicly-held provider of electrical and mechanical services andfacilities management. This coordination includes contractual arrangements with Emcor under which certain Emcor employees provide procurementmanagement services to us.Cyclicality and Seasonality Historically, the construction industry has been highly cyclical. As a result, our volume of business may generally be adversely affected bydeclines in new installation and replacement projects in various geographic regions of the United States during periods of economic weakness. The HVAC industry is subject to seasonal variations. Specifically, the demand for new installation and replacement is generally lower during thewinter months (the first quarter of the year) due to reduced construction activity during inclement weather and less use of air conditioning during thecolder months. Demand for HVAC services is generally higher in the second and third calendar quarters due to increased construction activity andincreased use of air conditioning during the warmer months. Accordingly, we expect our revenue and operating results generally will be lower in thefirst and fourth calendar quarters.Sales and Marketing We have a diverse customer base, with no single customer accounting for more than 3% of consolidated 2012 revenue. Management and adedicated sales force are responsible for developing and maintaining successful long-term relationships with key customers. Customers generallyinclude building owners and developers and property managers, as well as general contractors, architects and consulting engineers. We intend tocontinue our emphasis on developing and maintaining long-term relationships with our customers by providing superior, high-quality service in aprofessional manner. We believe we can continue to leverage the diverse technical and marketing strengths at individual locations to expand the servicesoffered in other local markets. With respect to multi-location service opportunities, we maintain a national sales force in our national accounts group.Employees As of December 31, 2012, we had 6,681 employees. We have collective bargaining agreements covering five employees. We have not experiencedand do not expect any significant strikes or work stoppages and believe our relations with employees covered by collective bargaining agreements aregood.8 Table of ContentsRecruiting, Training and Safety Our continued success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate qualified engineers, service technicians, fieldsupervisors and project managers. We believe our success in retaining qualified employees will be based on the quality of our recruiting, training,compensation, employee benefits programs and opportunities for advancement. We provide on-the-job training, technical training, apprenticeshipprograms, attractive benefit packages and career advancement opportunities within our company. We have established comprehensive safety programs throughout our operations to ensure that all technicians comply with safety standards we haveestablished and that are established under federal, state and local laws and regulations. Additionally, we have implemented a "best practices" safetyprogram throughout our operations, which provides employees with incentives to improve safety performance and decrease workplace accidents.Regional safety directors establish safety programs and benchmarking to improve safety within their region. Finally, our employment screening processseeks to determine that prospective employees have requisite skills, sufficient background references and acceptable driving records, if applicable. Ourrate of incidents recordable under the standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA") per one hundred employees per year,also known as the OSHA recordable rate, was 2.81 during 2012. This level was 38% better than the most recently published OSHA rate for ourindustry.Insurance and Litigation The primary insured risks in our operations are bodily injury, property damage and workers' compensation injuries. We retain the risk for workers'compensation, employer's liability, auto liability, general liability and employee group health claims resulting from uninsured deductibles per incident oroccurrence. Because we have very large deductibles, the vast majority of our claims are paid by us, so as a practical matter we self-insure the greatmajority of these risks. Losses up to such per-incident deductible amounts are estimated and accrued based upon known facts, historical trends andindustry averages using the assistance of an actuary to project the extent of these obligations. We are subject to certain claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of business. We maintain various insurance coverages to minimizefinancial risk associated with these claims. We have estimated and provided accruals for probable losses and related legal fees associated with certainlitigation in our consolidated financial statements. While we cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, in our opinion and based on reports ofcounsel, any liability arising from these matters individually and in the aggregate will not have a material effect on our operating results or financialcondition, after giving effect to provisions already recorded. We typically warrant labor for the first year after installation on new HVAC systems and pass through to the customer manufacturers' warrantieson equipment. We generally warrant labor for thirty days after servicing existing HVAC systems. We do not expect warranty claims to have a materialadverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.Competition The HVAC industry is highly competitive and consists of thousands of local and regional companies. We believe that purchasing decisions in thecommercial, industrial and institutional markets are based on (i) competitive price, (ii) long-term customer relationships, (iii) quality, timeliness andreliability of services provided, (iv) an organization's perceived stability based on years in business, financial strength and access to bonding, (v) rangeof services provided, and (vi) scale of operation. To improve our competitive position we focus on both the consultative "design and build" installationmarket and the maintenance, repair and replacement market to promote first the development and then the strengthening of long-term customerrelationships. In addition, we believe our ability to9 Table of Contentsprovide multi-location coverage, access to project financing and specialized technical skills for facilities owners gives us a strategic advantage oversmaller competitors who may be unable to provide these services to customers at a competitive price. We believe that we are larger than most of our competitors, which are generally small, owner-operated companies that typically operate in a limitedgeographic area. However, there are divisions of larger contracting companies, utilities and HVAC equipment manufacturers that provide HVACservices in some of the same service lines and geographic areas we serve. Some of these competitors and potential competitors have greater financialresources than we do to finance development opportunities and support their operations. We believe our smaller competitors generally compete with usbased on price and their long-term relationships with local customers. Our larger competitors compete with us on those factors but may also provideattractive financing and comprehensive service and product packages.Vehicles We operate a fleet of various owned or leased service trucks, vans and support vehicles. We believe these vehicles generally are well maintainedand sufficient for our current operations.Governmental Regulation and Environmental Matters Our operations are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations, including: (i) licensing requirements applicable to engineering,construction and service technicians, (ii) building and HVAC codes and zoning ordinances, (iii) regulations relating to consumer protection, includingthose governing residential service agreements, and (iv) regulations relating to worker safety and protection of the environment. We believe we have allrequired licenses to conduct our operations and are in substantial compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. If we fail to comply withapplicable regulations we could be subject to substantial fines or revocation of our operating licenses. Many state and local regulations governing the HVAC services trades require individuals to hold permits and licenses. In some cases, a requiredpermit or license held by a single individual may be sufficient to authorize specified activities for all of our service technicians who work in the state orcounty that issued the permit or license. We seek to ensure that, where possible, we have two employees who hold any such permits or licenses thatmay be material to our operations in a particular geographic region. Our operations are subject to the federal Clean Air Act, as amended, which governs air emissions and imposes specific requirements on the useand handling of chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, and certain other refrigerants. Clean Air Act regulations require the certification of service techniciansinvolved in the service or repair of equipment containing these refrigerants and also regulate the containment and recycling of these refrigerants. Theserequirements have increased our training expenses and expenditures for containment and recycling equipment. The Clean Air Act is intended ultimatelyto eliminate the use of CFCs in the United States and to require alternative refrigerants to be used in replacement HVAC systems. We do not believethese regulations involving CFCs will materially affect our business on the whole because, although they require us to incur modest ongoing trainingcosts, our competitors also incur such costs, and the regulations may encourage our customers to update their HVAC systems.10 Table of ContentsExecutive Officers We have four executive officers. Brian Lane, age 55, has served as our Chief Executive Officer and President since December 2011 and as a director since 2010. Mr. Lane servedas our President and Chief Operating Officer from March 2010 until December 2011. Mr. Lane joined the Company in October 2003 and served asVice President and then Senior Vice President for Region One of the Company until he was named Executive Vice President and Chief OperatingOfficer in January 2009. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Lane spent fifteen years at Halliburton, a global provider of products and services toenergy, industrial, and government customers, including employment by Brown and Root, an engineering and construction company. During his tenure,he held various positions in business development, strategy, and project activities, including the position of Regional Director of Europe and Africa.Additionally, he held the position of Vice President at Kvaerner, an international engineering and construction company. William George, age 48, has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since May 2005, was our Senior Vice President,General Counsel and Secretary from May 1998 to May 2005, and was our Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from March 1997 to April1998. From October 1995 to February 1997, Mr. George was Vice President and General Counsel of American Medical Response, Inc., a publicly-traded healthcare transportation company. From September 1992 to September 1995, Mr. George practiced corporate and antitrust law atRopes & Gray, a Boston, Massachusetts law firm. Julie S. Shaeff, age 47, has served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer since May 2005, was our Vice President andCorporate Controller from March 2002 to May 2005, and was our Assistant Corporate Controller from September 1999 to February 2002. From 1996to August 1999, Ms. Shaeff was Financial Accounting Manager—Corporate Controllers Group for Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc., a publicly-tradedwaste services company. From 1987 to 1995, she held various positions with Arthur Andersen LLP. Ms. Shaeff is a Certified Public Accountant. Trent T. McKenna, age 40, has served as our Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since May 2005 and was our Associate GeneralCounsel from August 2004 to May 2005. From February 1999 to August 2004, Mr. McKenna was a practicing attorney in the area of complexcommercial litigation in the Houston, Texas office of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, an international law firm.ITEM 1A. Risk Factors Our business is subject to a variety of risks. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all the informationincluded in this report. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by the occurrence of any ofthese events, which could cause actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results, and the trading price of our commonstock could decline.Because we bear the risk of cost overruns in most of our contracts, we may experience reduced profits or, in some cases, losses under thesecontracts if costs increase above our estimates. Our contract prices are established largely upon estimates and assumptions of our projected costs, including assumptions about: future economicconditions; prices, including commodities prices; availability of labor, including the costs of providing labor, equipment, and materials; and other factorsoutside our control. If our estimates or assumptions prove to be inaccurate, if circumstances change in a way that renders our assumptions and estimatesinaccurate or we fail to successfully execute the work, cost overruns may occur and we could experience reduced profits or a loss for affected projects.For instance, unanticipated technical problems may arise, we could have difficulty obtaining permits or11 Table of Contentsapprovals, local laws, labor costs or labor conditions could change, bad weather could delay construction, raw materials prices could increase, oursuppliers' or subcontractors' may fail to perform as expected or site conditions may be different than we expected. We are also exposed to increases inenergy prices, particularly as they relate to gasoline prices. Additionally, in certain circumstances, we guarantee project completion or the achievement ofcertain acceptance and performance testing levels by a scheduled date. Failure to meet schedule or performance requirements typically results inadditional costs to us, and in some cases we may also create liability for consequential and liquidated damages. Performance problems for existing andfuture projects could cause our actual results of operations to differ materially from those we anticipate and could damage our reputation within ourindustry and our customer base.Many of the markets we do work in are currently experiencing or have recently experienced an economic downturn that may materially andadversely affect our business because our business is dependent on levels of construction activity. The demand for our services is dependent upon the existence of construction projects and service requirements within the markets in which weoperate. Any period of economic recession affecting a market or industry in which we transact business is likely to adversely impact our business.Many of the projects we work on have long lifecycles from conception to completion, and the bulk of our performance generally occurs late in aconstruction project's lifecycle. We experience the results of economic trends well after an economic cycle begins, and therefore will continue toexperience the results of an economic recession well after conditions in the general economy have improved. Further, some of the local or regionalmarkets we do work in have yet to enter a period of sustained recovery. We cannot predict the severity or lasting effects of the recent recession, particularly in some local or regional markets that have not yet entered aperiod of sustained recovery. We believe that the current uncertainty about economic conditions caused by the recent recession means that many of ourcustomers are likely to continue to postpone spending while credit markets remain disinclined to fund commercial and industrial developments. Theindustries and markets we operate in have always been and will continue to be vulnerable to these general macroeconomic downturns because they arecyclical in nature. The recent recession caused a drop off in the demand for projects within our markets and industries in some regions and continues tocause a similar drop off in other regions. The drop off in demand has led to and will likely continue to lead to greater price competition as well asdecreased revenue and profit. The lasting effects of the recent recession have increased economic instability with our vendors, subcontractors,developers, and general contractors, which has caused us greater liability exposure and has resulted in us not being paid on some projects, as well asdecreasing our revenue and profit. Further, to the extent more of our vendors, subcontractors, developers, or general contractors seek bankruptcyprotection, the bankruptcy will likely force us to incur additional costs in attorneys' fees, as well as other professional consultants, and will result indecreased revenue and profit. The percentage of our profits and revenue attributable to projects performed directly or indirectly for federal, state, and local government entitieshas increased during and as a result of the recent economic downturn, in part because the private-sector decreased its investment in construction andbuilding projects. A decrease in federal, state, or local government spending in our industries and markets could result in decreased revenue and profit.Our backlog is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations, which means that amounts included in our backlog may not result in actualrevenue or translate into profits. The revenue projected from our backlog may not be realized, or, if realized, may not result in profits. Projects may remain in our backlog for anextended period of time, or project cancellations or scope adjustments may occur with respect to contracts reflected in our backlog. The revenueprojected from our backlog may not be realized or, if realized, may not result in profits.12 Table of ContentsA significant portion of our business depends on our ability to provide surety bonds. Any difficulties in the financial and surety markets mayadversely affect our bonding capacity and availability. In the past we have expanded, and it is possible we will continue to expand, the number and percentage of total contract dollars that require anunderlying bond. Historically surety market conditions have experienced times of difficulty as a result of significant losses incurred by many suretycompanies and the results of macroeconomic trends outside of our control. Consequently, during times when less overall bonding capacity is availablein the market, surety terms have become more expensive and more restrictive. As such, we cannot guarantee our ability to maintain a sufficient level ofbonding capacity in the future, which could preclude our ability to bid for certain contracts or successfully contract with some customers. Additionally,even if we continue to be able to access bonding capacity to sufficiently bond future work, we may be required to post collateral to secure bonds, whichwould decrease the liquidity we would have available for other purposes. Our surety providers are under no commitment to guarantee our access to newbonds in the future; thus, our ability to access or increase bonding capacity is at the sole discretion of our surety providers. If our surety companies wereto limit or eliminate our access to bonds, our alternatives would include seeking bonding capacity from other surety companies, increasing business withclients that do not require bonds and posting other forms of collateral for project performance, such as letters of credit or cash. We may be unable tosecure these alternatives in a timely manner, on acceptable terms, or at all. As such, if we were to experience an interruption or reduction in theavailability of bonding capacity, it is likely we would be unable to compete for or work on certain projects.Goodwill impairment charges negatively impacted our earnings in 2010, in 2011, and in previous years. Earnings for future periods may beimpacted by additional charges for goodwill and intangible assets. We carry a significant amount of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Goodwill is the excess of purchaseprice over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. We assess goodwill for impairment each year, and more frequently if circumstancessuggest an impairment may have occurred. The recent recession, along with other factors, caused the fair value of some of our assets to be lower thantheir carrying value, resulting in an impairment to goodwill. We may determine at a future date that an additional significant impairment has occurred inthe value of our unamortized intangible assets or fixed assets, which could require us to write off an additional portion of our assets and could adverselyaffect our financial condition or our reported results of operations.Our use of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting could result in a reduction or reversal of previously recorded revenue or profits. A material portion of our revenue is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, which results in our recognizingcontract revenue and earnings ratably over the contract term in the proportion that our actual costs bear to our estimated contract costs. The earnings orlosses recognized on individual contracts are based on estimates of contract revenue, costs and profitability. We review our estimates of contractrevenue, costs and profitability on an ongoing basis. Prior to contract completion, we may adjust our estimates on one or more occasions as a result ofchange orders to the original contract, collection disputes with the customer on amounts invoiced or claims against the customer for increased costsincurred by us due to customer-induced delays and other factors. Contract losses are recognized in the fiscal period when the loss is determined.Contract profit estimates are also adjusted in the fiscal period in which it is determined that an adjustment is required. As a result of the requirements ofthe percentage-of-completion method of accounting, the possibility exists, for example, that we could have estimated and reported a profit on a contractover several periods and later determined, usually near contract completion, that all or a portion of such previously estimated and reported profits wereoverstated. If this occurs, the full aggregate amount of the13 Table of Contentsoverstatement will be reported for the period in which such determination is made, thereby eliminating all or a portion of any profits from other contractsthat would have otherwise been reported in such period or even resulting in a loss being reported for such period. On a historical basis, we believe thatwe have made reasonably reliable estimates of the progress towards completion on our long-term contracts. However, given the uncertainties associatedwith these types of contracts, it is possible for actual costs to vary from estimates previously made, which may result in reductions or reversals ofpreviously recorded revenue and profits.Intense competition in our industry could reduce our market share and our profit. The markets we serve are highly competitive. Our industry is characterized by many small companies whose activities are geographicallyconcentrated. We compete on the basis of our technical expertise and experience, financial and operational resources, nationwide presence, industryreputation and dependability. While we believe our customers consider a number of these factors in awarding available contracts, a large portion of ourwork is awarded through a bid process. Consequently, price is often the principal factor in determining which contractor is selected, especially onsmaller, less complex projects. Smaller competitors are sometimes able to win bids for these projects based on price alone due to their lower cost andfinancial return requirements. We expect competition to intensify in our industry, presenting us with significant challenges in our ability to maintainstrong growth rates and acceptable profit margins. We also expect increased competition from in-house service providers, because some of ourcustomers have employees who perform service work similar to the services we provide. Vertical consolidation is also expected to intensify competitionin our industry. If we are unable to meet these competitive challenges, we will lose market share to our competitors and experience an overall reductionin our profits. In addition, our profitability would be impaired if we have to reduce our prices to remain competitive.We are a decentralized company and place significant decision making powers with our subsidiaries' management, which presents certain risks. We believe that our practice of placing significant decision making powers with local management is important to our successful growth andallows us to be responsive to opportunities and to our customers' needs. However, this practice presents certain risks, including the risk that we may beslower or less effective in our attempts to identify or react to problems affecting an important business than we would under a more centralized structureor that we would be slower to identify a misalignment between a subsidiary's and the Company's overall business strategy. Further, if a subsidiarylocation fails to follow the Company's compliance policies, we could be made party to a contract, arrangement, or situation that requires the assumptionof large liabilities or has less advantageous terms than is typically found in the market.We have subsidiary operations through the United States and are exposed to multiple state and local regulations, as well as federal laws andrequirements applicable to government contractors. Changes in law, regulations, or requirements, or a material failure of any of our subsidiariesor us to comply with any of them, could increase our costs and have other negative impacts on our business. Our 87 locations are located in 30 states, which exposes us to a variety of different state and local laws and regulations, particularly thosepertaining to contractor licensing requirements. These laws and regulations govern many aspects of our business, and there are often different standardsand requirements in different locations. In addition, our subsidiaries that perform work for federal government entities are subject to additional federallaws and regulatory and contractual requirements. Changes in any of these laws, or our or any of our subsidiaries' material failure to comply with them,can adversely impact our operations by, among other things, increasing costs, distracting management's time and attention from other items, andharming our reputation.14 Table of ContentsAs government contractors, our subsidiaries are subject to a number of rules and regulations, and their contracts with government entities aresubject to audit. Violations of the applicable rules and regulations could result in a subsidiary being barred from future government contracts. Government contractors must comply with many regulations and other requirements that relate to the award, administration and performance ofgovernment contracts. A violation of these laws and regulations could result in imposition of fines and penalties, the termination of a governmentcontract or debarment from bidding on government contracts in the future. Further, despite our decentralized nature, a violation at one of our locationscould impact other locations' ability to bid on and perform government contracts; additionally, because of our decentralized nature, we face risks inmaintaining compliance with all local, state and federal government contracting requirements. Prohibition against bidding on future governmentcontracts could have an adverse affect on our financial condition and results of operations.If we are unable to attract and retain qualified managers and employees, we will be unable to operate efficiently, which could reduce ourprofitability. Our business is labor intensive, and many of our operations experience a high rate of employment turnover. At times of low unemployment ratesin the United States, it will be more difficult for us to find qualified personnel at low cost in some geographic areas where we operate. Additionally, ourbusiness is managed by a small number of key executive and operational officers. We may be unable to hire and retain the sufficient skilled labor forcenecessary to operate efficiently and to support our growth strategy. Our labor expenses may increase as a result of a shortage in the supply of skilledpersonnel. Labor shortages, increased labor costs or the loss of key personnel could reduce our profitability and negatively impact our business.Past and future environmental, safety and health regulations could impose significant additional costs on us that reduce our profits. HVAC systems are subject to various environmental statutes and regulations, including the Clean Air Act and those regulating the production,servicing and disposal of certain ozone-depleting refrigerants used in HVAC systems. There can be no assurance that the regulatory environment inwhich we operate will not change significantly in the future. Various local, state and federal laws and regulations impose licensing standards ontechnicians who install and service HVAC systems. And additional laws, regulations and standards apply to contractors who perform work that isbeing funded by public money, particularly federal public funding. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to substantialfines, the loss of our licenses or potentially debarment from future publicly funded work. It is impossible to predict the full nature and effect of judicial,legislative or regulatory developments relating to health and safety regulations and environmental protection regulations applicable to our operations.Our insurance policies against many potential liabilities require high deductibles, and our risk management policies and procedures may leave usexposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks. Additionally, difficulties in the insurance markets may adversely affect our ability to obtainnecessary insurance. Although we maintain insurance policies with respect to our related exposures, these policies are subject to high deductibles; as such, we are, ineffect, self-insured for substantially all of our typical claims. We hire an actuary to determine any liabilities for unpaid claims and associated expensesfor the three major lines of coverage (workers' compensation, general liability and auto liability). The determination of these claims and expenses and theappropriateness of the estimated liability are reviewed and updated quarterly. However, insurance liabilities are difficult to assess and estimate due to themany relevant factors, the effects of which are often unknown, including the severity of an injury, the determination of our liability in proportion toother parties, the number of incidents that15 Table of Contentshave occurred but are not reported and the effectiveness of our safety program. Our accruals are based on known facts, historical trends (both internaltrends and industry averages) and our reasonable estimate of our future expenses. We believe our accruals are adequate. However, our risk managementstrategies and techniques may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure in all market environments or against all types of risk. In January2009 our company-wide risk manager left the company, and his former job responsibilities continue to be shared between several of our officers. If anyof the variety of instruments, processes or strategies we use to manage our exposure to various types of risk are not effective, which could include afailed transition of the prior risk manager's work duties, we may incur losses that are not covered by our insurance policies or that exceed our accrualsor coverage limits. Additionally, we typically are contractually required to provide proof of insurance on projects we work on. Historically insurance marketconditions become more difficult for insurance consumers during periods when insurance companies suffer significant investment losses as well ascasualty losses. Consequently, it is possible that insurance markets will become more expensive and restrictive. Also, our prior casualty loss historymight adversely affect our ability to procure insurance within commercially reasonable ranges. As such, we may not be able to maintain commerciallyreasonable levels of insurance coverage in the future, which could preclude our ability to work on many projects. Our insurance providers are under nocommitment to renew our existing insurance policies in the future; therefore, our ability to obtain necessary levels or kinds of insurance coverage issubject to market forces outside our control. If we were unable to obtain necessary levels of insurance, it is likely we would be unable to compete for orwork on most projects.If we experience delays and/or defaults in customer payments, we could be unable to recover all expenditures. Because of the nature of our contracts, at times we commit resources to projects prior to receiving payments from the customer in amountssufficient to cover expenditures on projects as they are incurred. Delays in customer payments may require us to make a working capital investment. If acustomer defaults in making their payments on a project to which we have devoted resources, it could have a material negative effect on our results ofoperations.Actual and potential claims, lawsuits and proceedings could ultimately reduce our profitability and liquidity and weaken our financial condition. We are likely to continue to be named as a defendant in legal proceedings claiming damages from us in connection with the operation of ourbusiness. Most of the actions against us arise out of the normal course of our performing services on project sites. We also are, and are likely tocontinue to be, from time to time a plaintiff in legal proceedings against customers, in which we seek to recover payment of contractual amounts we areowed as well as claims for increased costs we incur. When appropriate, we establish provisions against possible exposures, and we adjust theseprovisions from time to time according to ongoing exposure. If our assumptions and estimates related to these exposures prove to be inadequate orinaccurate, we could experience a reduction in our profitability and liquidity and a weakening of our financial condition. In addition, claims, lawsuits andproceedings may harm our reputation or divert management resources away from operating our business.Our recent and future acquisitions may not be successful. We expect to continue pursuing selective acquisitions of businesses. We cannot assure that we will be able to locate acquisitions or that we will beable to consummate transactions on terms and conditions acceptable to us, or that acquired businesses will be profitable. Acquisitions may expose us toadditional business risks different than those we have traditionally experienced. We also may encounter difficulties integrating acquired businesses andsuccessfully managing the growth we expect to experience from these acquisitions.16 Table of Contents We may choose to finance future acquisitions with debt, equity, cash or a combination of the three. We can give no assurances that any futureacquisitions will not dilute earnings or disrupt the payment of a stockholder dividend. To the extent we succeed in making acquisitions, a number ofrisks will result, including:•the assumption of material liabilities (including for environmental-related costs); •failure of due diligence to uncover situations that could result in legal exposure or to quantify the true liability exposure from knownrisks; •the diversion of management's attention from the management of daily operations to the integration of operations; •difficulties in the assimilation and retention of employees, in the assimilation of different cultures and practices, in the assimilation ofbroad and geographically dispersed personnel and operations, and the retention of employees generally; •the risk of additional financial and accounting challenges and complexities in areas such as tax planning, treasury management, financialreporting and internal controls; and •we may not be able to realize the cost savings or other financial benefits we anticipated prior to the acquisition. The failure to successfully integrate acquisitions could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our common stock, which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations.These fluctuations are likely to continue in the future, and our stockholders may suffer losses. The market price of our common stock may change significantly in response to various factors and events beyond our control. A variety of eventsmay cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate significantly, including the following: (i) the risk factors described in this Report onForm 10-K; (ii) a shortfall in operating revenue or net income from that expected by securities analysts and investors; (iii) changes in securities analysts'estimates of our financial performance or that of our competitors or companies in our industry generally; (iv) general conditions in our customers'industries; (v) general conditions in the securities markets; (vi) our announcements of significant contracts, milestones, acquisitions; (vii) ourrelationship with other companies; (viii) our investors' view of the sectors and markets in which we operate; and (ix) additions or departures of keypersonnel. Some companies that have volatile market prices for their securities have been subject to security class action suits filed against them. If a suitwere to be filed against us, regardless of the outcome, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management's attention and resources.This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.If we do not effectively manage the size and cost of our operations, our existing infrastructure may become either strained or over-burdensome,and we may be unable to increase revenue growth. The growth that we have experienced in the past, and that we may experience in the future, may provide challenges to our organization, requiringus to expand our personnel and our operations. Future growth may strain our infrastructure, operations and other managerial and operating resources.We have also experienced in the past severe constriction in the markets in which we operate and, as a result, in our operating requirements. Failing tomaintain the appropriate cost structure for a particular economic cycle may result in our incurring costs that affect our profitability. If our businessresources become strained or over-burdensome, our earnings may be adversely affected and we may be unable to17 Table of Contentsincrease revenue growth. Further, we may undertake contractual commitments that exceed our labor resources, which could also adversely affect ourearnings and our ability to increase revenue growth.Failure or circumvention of our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting could seriously harm ourfinancial condition, results of operations, and our business. We plan to continue to maintain and strengthen internal controls and procedures to enhance the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and internalcontrols over financial reporting. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provideonly reasonable, and not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure of our disclosure controls and procedures or internalcontrols over financial reporting could harm our financial condition and results of operations.Our charter contains certain anti-takeover provisions that may inhibit or delay a change in control. Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, one or more series of preferred stockhaving such preferences, powers and relative, participating, optional and other rights (including preferences over the common stock respectingdividends and distributions and voting rights) as the board of directors may determine. The issuance of this "blank-check" preferred stock could rendermore difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control by means of a tender offer, merger, proxy contest or otherwise. Additionally, certain provisionsof the Delaware General Corporation Law may also discourage takeover attempts that have not been approved by the Board of Directors.ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None.ITEM 2. Properties We own four properties, two of which we acquired through acquisition and two that we formerly leased. Other than these four properties, we leasethe real property and buildings from which we operate. Our facilities are located in 30 states and Puerto Rico and consist of offices, shops andfabrication, maintenance and warehouse facilities. Generally, leases range from three to ten years and are on terms we believe to be commerciallyreasonable. A majority of these premises are leased from individuals or entities with whom we have no other business relationship. In certain instancesthese leases are with current or former employees. To the extent we renew, enter into leases or otherwise change leases with current or formeremployees, we enter into such agreements on terms that reflect a fair market valuation for the properties. Leased premises range in size fromapproximately 1,000 square feet to 110,000 square feet. To maximize available capital, we generally intend to continue to lease our properties, but mayconsider further purchases of property where we believe ownership would be more economical. We believe that our facilities are sufficient for ourcurrent needs. We lease our executive and administrative offices in Houston, Texas.ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings We are subject to certain claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of business. We maintain various insurance coverages to minimizefinancial risk associated with these claims. We have estimated and provided accruals for probable losses and related legal fees associated with certainlitigation in our consolidated financial statements. While we cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, in our opinion and based on reports ofcounsel, any liability arising from these matters individually and in the aggregate will not have a material effect on our operating results or financialcondition, after giving effect to provisions already recorded.ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable.18 Table of ContentsPART II ITEM 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities The following table sets forth the reported high and low sales prices of our Common Stock for the quarters indicated as traded at the New YorkStock Exchange. Our Common Stock is traded under the symbol FIX: As of February 22, 2013 there were approximately 340 stockholders of record of our Common Stock, and the last reported sale price on that datewas $12.77 per share. We expect to continue paying cash dividends quarterly, although there is no assurance as to future dividends because they depend on futureearnings, capital requirements, and financial condition. In addition, our revolving credit agreement limits the amount of dividends we can pay at any timethat the ratio of our Adjusted Indebtedness to our Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA exceeds 2.0. The following Corporate Performance Graph and related information shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC, norshall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that wespecifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.19 High Low CashDividendsDeclared Fourth Quarter, 2012 $12.16 $9.61 $0.050 Third Quarter, 2012 $11.82 $9.10 $0.050 Second Quarter, 2012 $11.25 $8.94 $0.050 First Quarter, 2012 $12.94 $9.97 $0.050 Fourth Quarter, 2011 $11.75 $7.88 $0.050 Third Quarter, 2011 $11.88 $8.32 $0.050 Second Quarter, 2011 $14.30 $10.05 $0.050 First Quarter, 2011 $14.07 $12.12 $0.050 Table of ContentsCOMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*Among Comfort Systems USA, Inc., the S&P 500 Index, and the Russell 2000 Index *$100 invested on 12/31/07 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.Fiscal year ending December 31.Copyright© 2013 S&P, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright© 2013 Russell Investment Group. Allrights reserved.Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities None.Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities On March 29, 2007, our Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program to acquire up to 1.0 million shares of ouroutstanding common stock. Subsequently, the Board has from time to time approved extensions of the program to acquire additional shares. Since theinception of the repurchase program, the Board has approved 6.6 million shares to be repurchased. The share repurchases will be made from time to time at our discretion in the open market or privately negotiated transactions as permitted bysecurities laws and other legal requirements, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The Board may modify, suspend, extend or terminatethe program at any time.20 Table of Contents During the year ended December 31, 2012, we purchased our common shares in the following amounts at the following weighted-average prices:21Period Total NumberofSharesPurchased Weighted-AveragePricePaid PerShare Total Number ofSharesPurchased as PartofPublicly AnnouncedPlansor Programs Maximum NumberofShares that May YetBePurchased Underthe Plansor Programs January 1 -January 31 — $— 5,605,637 994,900 February 1 -February 29 — $— 5,605,637 994,900 March 1 -March 31 — $— 5,605,637 994,900 April 1 -April 30 — $— 5,605,637 994,900 May 1 -May 31 70,031 $9.63 5,675,668 924,869 June 1 -June 30 25,803 $9.18 5,701,471 899,066 July 1 - July 31 — $— 5,701,471 899,066 August 1 -August 31 16,495 $10.72 5,717,966 882,571 September 1 -September 30 32,200 $10.41 5,750,166 850,371 October 1 -October 31 40,497 $10.36 5,790,663 809,874 November 1 -November 30 101,010 $10.07 5,891,673 708,864 December 1 -December 31 — $— 5,891,673 708,864 286,036 $9.97 5,891,673 708,864 Table of ContentsITEM 6. Selected Financial Data The following selected historical financial data has been derived from our audited financial statements and should be read in conjunction with thehistorical Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes: Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 (in thousands, except per share amounts) STATEMENT OFOPERATIONSDATA: Revenue $1,331,185 $1,216,654 $1,063,520 $1,068,860 $1,307,023 Operating income(loss)(a) $22,303 $(42,641)$31,442 $53,812 $79,430 Income (loss) fromcontinuing operations $11,494 $(32,474)$20,564 $32,900 $49,797 Discontinued operations— Operating income(loss), net of tax $355 $(4,018)$(6,547)$1,357 (107)Gain (loss) ondisposition, net oftax — — $723 $(75) — Net income (loss)includingnoncontrollinginterests $11,849 $(36,492)$14,740 $34,182 $49,690 Net income (loss)attributable to ComfortSystems USA, Inc. $13,463 $(36,830)$14,740 $34,182 $49,690 Income (loss) per shareattributable to ComfortSystems USA, Inc.: Basic— Income (loss) fromcontinuing operations $0.35 $(0.88)$0.54 $0.86 $1.26 Discontinued operations— Income (loss) fromoperations 0.01 (0.11) (0.17) 0.04 — Gain (loss) ondisposition — — 0.02 — — Net income (loss) $0.36 $(0.99)$0.39 $0.90 $1.26 Diluted— Income (loss) fromcontinuing operations $0.35 $(0.88)$0.54 $0.86 $1.24 Discontinued operations— Income (loss) fromoperations 0.01 (0.11) (0.17) 0.03 — Gain (loss) ondisposition — — 0.02 — — Net income (loss) $0.36 $(0.99)$0.39 $0.89 $1.24 Cash dividends per share $0.200 $0.200 $0.200 $0.190 $0.180 22 BALANCE SHEETDATA: Working capital $103,966 $109,766 $134,738 $164,125 $146,804 Total assets $580,754 $593,980 $640,020 $574,948 $598,492 Total debt $7,400 $15,381 $29,936 $7,608 $10,699 Total stockholders'equity $287,306 $283,106 $312,784 $305,984 $286,471 Total Comfort SystemsUSA, Inc.stockholders' equity $270,405 $264,591 $312,784 $305,984 $286,471 (a)Included in operating income are goodwill impairment charges of $57.3 million for 2011. There were no goodwill impairmentcharges for 2012, 2010, 2009 or 2008. Table of ContentsITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes includedelsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. Also see "Forward-Looking Statements" discussion.Introduction and Overview We are a national provider of comprehensive HVAC installation, maintenance, repair and replacement services within the mechanical servicesindustry. We operate primarily in the commercial, industrial and institutional HVAC markets and perform most of our services within office buildings,retail centers, apartment complexes, manufacturing plants, and healthcare, education and government facilities. In addition to standard HVAC services,we provide specialized applications such as building automation control systems, fire protection, process cooling, electronic monitoring and processpiping. Certain locations also perform related activities such as electrical service and plumbing.Nature and Economics of Our Business Approximately 84% of our revenue is earned on a project basis for installation of HVAC systems in newly constructed facilities or for replacementof HVAC systems in existing facilities. Customers hire us to ensure such systems deliver specified or generally expected heating, cooling, conditioningand circulation of air in a facility. This entails installing core system equipment such as packaged heating and air conditioning units, or in the case oflarger facilities, separate core components such as chillers, boilers, air handlers, and cooling towers. We also typically install connecting and distributionelements such as piping and ducting. Our responsibilities usually require conforming the systems to pre-established engineering drawings andequipment and performance specifications, which we frequently participate in establishing. Our project management responsibilities include stagingequipment and materials to project sites, deploying labor to perform the work, and coordinating with other service providers on the project, includingany subcontractors we might use to deliver our portion of the work. When competing for project business, we usually estimate the costs we will incur on a project, and then propose a bid to the customer that includesa contract price and other performance and payment terms. Our bid price and terms are intended to cover our estimated costs on the project and providea profit margin to us commensurate with the value of the installed system to the customer, the risk that project costs or duration will vary from estimate,the schedule on which we will be paid, the opportunities for other work that we might forego by committing capacity to this project, and other costs thatwe incur more broadly to support our operations but which are not specific to the project. Typically customers will seek bids from competitors for agiven project. While the criteria on which customers select the winning bid vary widely and include factors such as quality, technical expertise, on-timeperformance, post-project support and service, and company history and financial strength, we believe that price is the most influential factor for mostcustomers in choosing an HVAC installation and service provider. After a customer accepts our bid, we generally enter into a contract with the customer that specifies what we will deliver on the project, what ourrelated responsibilities are, and how much and when we will be paid. Our overall price for the project is typically set at a fixed amount in the contract,although changes in project specifications or work conditions that result in unexpected additional work are usually subject to additional payment fromthe customer via what are commonly known as change orders. Project contracts typically provide for periodic billings to the customer as we meetprogress milestones or incur cost on the project. Project contracts in our industry also frequently allow for a small portion of progress billings orcontract price to be withheld by the customer until after we have23 Table of Contentscompleted the work, typically for six months. Amounts withheld under this practice are known as retention or retainage. Labor and overhead costs account for the majority of our cost of service. Accordingly, labor management and utilization have the most impact onour project performance. Given the fixed price nature of much of our project work, if our initial estimate of project costs is wrong or we incur costoverruns that cannot be recovered in change orders, we can experience reduced profits or even significant losses on fixed price project work. We alsoperform some project work on a cost-plus or a time and materials basis, under which we are paid our costs incurred plus an agreed upon profit margin.These margins are typically less than fixed-price contract margins because there is less risk of unrecoverable cost overruns in cost-plus or time andmaterials work. As of December 31, 2012, we had 4,273 projects in process. Our average project takes six to nine months to complete, with an average contractprice of approximately $435,000. Our projects generally require working capital funding of equipment and labor costs. Customer payments on periodicbillings generally do not recover these costs until late in the job. Our average project duration together with typical retention terms as discussed abovegenerally allow us to complete the realization of revenue and earnings in cash within one year. We have what we believe is a well diversified distributionof revenue across end-use sectors that we believe reduces our exposure to negative developments in any given sector. Because of the integral nature ofHVAC and related controls systems to most buildings, we have the legal right in almost all cases to attach liens to buildings or related funding sourceswhen we have not been fully paid for installing systems, except with respect to some government buildings. The service work that we do, which isdiscussed further below, usually does not give rise to lien rights. We also perform larger HVAC projects. As of December 31, 2012, we had 12 projects in process with a contract price greater than $15 million,18projects between $10 million and $15 million, 53 projects between $5 million and $10 million, and 260 projects between $1 million and $5 million.Taken together, projects with contract prices of $1 million or more totaled $1,519.1 million of aggregate contract value as of December 31, 2012, orapproximately 82%, out of a total contract value for all projects in progress of $1,859.9 million. Generally, projects closer in size to $1 million will becompleted in one year or less. It is unusual for us to work on a project that exceeds two years in length. In addition to project work, approximately 16% of our revenue represent maintenance and repair service on already installed HVAC and controlssystems. This kind of work usually takes from a few hours to a few days to perform. Prices to the customer are usually based on the equipment andmaterials used in the service as well as technician labor time. We usually bill the customer for service work when it is complete, typically with paymentterms of up to thirty days. We also provide maintenance and repair service under ongoing contracts. Under these contracts, we are paid regular monthlyor quarterly amounts and provide specified service based on customer requirements. These agreements typically cover periods ranging from one to threeyears with thirty- to sixty-day cancellation notice periods. A relatively small portion of our revenue comes from national and regional account customers. These customers typically have multiple sites, andcontract with us to perform maintenance and repair service. These contracts may also provide for us to perform new or replacement systems installation.We operate a national call center to dispatch technicians to sites requiring service. We perform the majority of this work with our own employees, withthe balance being subcontracted to third parties that meet our performance qualifications. We will also typically use proprietary information systems tomaintain information on the customers' sites and equipment, including performance and service records, and related cost data. These systems track thestatus of ongoing service and installation work, and may also monitor system performance data. Under these contractual relationships, we usuallyprovide consolidated billing and credit payment terms to the customer.24 Table of ContentsProfile and Management of Our Operations We manage our 37 operating units based on a variety of factors. Financial measures we emphasize include profitability, and use of capital asindicated by cash flow and by other measures of working capital principally involving project cost, billings and receivables. We also monitor selling,general, administrative and indirect project support expense, backlog, workforce size and mix, growth in revenue and profits, variation of actual projectcost from original estimate, and overall financial performance in comparison to budget and updated forecasts. Operational factors we emphasize includeproject selection, estimating, pricing, management and execution practices, labor utilization, safety, training, and the make-up of both existing backlog aswell as new business being pursued in terms of project size, technical application and facility type, end-use customers and industries, and location of thework. Most of our operations compete on a local or regional basis. Attracting and retaining effective operating unit managers is an important factor in ourbusiness, particularly in view of the relative uniqueness of each market and operation, the importance of relationships with customers and other marketparticipants such as architects and consulting engineers, and the high degree of competition and low barriers to entry in most of our markets.Accordingly, we devote considerable attention to operating unit management quality, stability, and contingency planning, including relatedconsiderations of compensation, and non-competition protection where applicable.Economic and Industry Factors As an HVAC and building controls services provider, we operate in the broader nonresidential construction services industry and are affected bytrends in this sector. While we do not have operations in all major cities of the United States, we believe our national presence is sufficiently large thatwe experience trends in demand for and pricing of our services that are consistent with trends in the national nonresidential construction sector. As aresult, we monitor the views of major construction sector forecasters along with macroeconomic factors they believe drive the sector, including trends ingross domestic product, interest rates, business investment, employment, demographics, and the general fiscal condition of federal, state and localgovernments. Spending decisions for building construction, renovation and system replacement are generally made on a project basis, usually with some degreeof discretion as to when and if projects proceed. With larger amounts of capital, time, and discretion involved, spending decisions are affected to asignificant degree by uncertainty, particularly concerns about economic and financial conditions and trends. We have experienced periods of time wheneconomic weakness caused a significant slowdown in decisions to proceed with installation and replacement project work.Operating Environment and Management Emphasis Nonresidential building construction and renovation activity, as reported by the federal government, declined over the three year period of 2001 to2003, expanded moderately during 2004 and 2005, and was strong over the three year period from 2006 to 2008. We experienced significant industryactivity declines over the four year period from 2009 to 2012. During the periods of decline, we responded to market challenges by pursuing work insectors less affected by the downturn, such as government, educational, and healthcare facilities, and by establishing marketing initiatives that takeadvantage of our size and range of expertise. We also responded to declining gross profits over those years by reducing our selling, general, andadministrative expenses, and our indirect project and service overhead costs. We believe our efforts in these areas partially offset the decline in ourprofitability over that period. As a result of our continued strong emphasis on cash flow, our debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility is zero, and we have substantialuncommitted cash balances, as discussed further in "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below. We have a credit facility in place with considerably less25 Table of Contentsrestrictive terms than those of our previous facilities; this facility does not expire until September 2016. We have strong surety relationships to supportour bonding needs, and we believe our relationships with the surety markets are positive in light of our strong current results and financial position. Wehave generated positive free cash flow in each of the last fourteen calendar years and will continue our emphasis in this area. We believe that the relativesize and strength of our balance sheet and surety support as compared to most companies in our industry represent competitive advantages for us. As discussed at greater length in "Results of Operations" below, we have seen declining activity levels in our industry since late 2008 and weexpect price competition to continue to be strong, as local and regional competitors respond cautiously to changing conditions. We will continue ourefforts to find the more active sectors in our markets, and to increase our regional and national account business. Our primary emphasis for 2013 will beon execution and cost control, and on maintaining activity levels that will permit us to earn reasonable profits while preserving our core workforce. Wehave increased our focus on project qualification, estimating, pricing and management, and on service performance.Critical Accounting Policies Our critical accounting policies are based upon the significance of the accounting policy to our overall financial statement presentation, as well asthe complexity of the accounting policy and our use of estimates and subjective assessments. Our most critical accounting policy is revenue recognition.As discussed elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K, our business has two service functions: (i) installation, which we account for under thepercentage of completion method, and (ii) maintenance, repair and replacement, which we account for as the services are performed, or in the case ofreplacement, under the percentage of completion method. In addition, we identified other critical accounting policies related to our allowance fordoubtful accounts receivable, the recording of our self-insurance liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets, accounting for acquisitions and therecoverability of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets. These accounting policies, as well as others, are described in Note 2 to the ConsolidatedFinancial Statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.Percentage of Completion Method of Accounting Approximately 84% of our revenue was earned on a project basis and recognized through the percentage of completion method of accounting.Under this method contract revenue recognizable at any time during the life of a contract is determined by multiplying expected total contract revenue bythe percentage of contract costs incurred at any time to total estimated contract costs. More specifically, as part of the negotiation and bidding process inconnection with obtaining installation contracts, we estimate our contract costs, which include all direct materials (exclusive of rebates), labor andsubcontract costs and indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation costs. These contractcosts are included in our results of operations under the caption "Cost of Services." Then, as we perform under those contracts, we measure costsincurred, compare them to total estimated costs to complete the contract, and recognize a corresponding proportion of contract revenue. Labor costs areconsidered to be incurred as the work is performed. Subcontractor labor is recognized as the work is performed, but is generally subjected to approvalas to milestones or other evidence of completion. Non-labor project costs consist of purchased equipment, prefabricated materials and other materials.Purchased equipment on our projects is substantially produced to job specifications and is a value added element to our work. The costs are consideredto be incurred when title is transferred to us, which typically is upon delivery to the worksite. Prefabricated materials, such as ductwork and piping, aregenerally performed at our shops and recognized as contract costs when fabricated for the unique specifications of the job. Other materials costs are notsignificant and are generally recorded when delivered to the worksite. This26 Table of Contentsmeasurement and comparison process requires updates to the estimate of total costs to complete the contract, and these updates may include subjectiveassessments. We generally do not incur significant costs prior to receiving a contract, and therefore, these costs are expensed as incurred. In limitedcircumstances, when significant pre-contract costs are incurred, they are deferred if the costs can be directly associated with a specific contract and iftheir recoverability from the contract is probable. Upon receiving the contract, these costs are included in contract costs. Deferred costs associated withunsuccessful contract bids are written off in the period that we are informed that we will not be awarded the contract. Project contracts typically provide for a schedule of billings or invoices to the customer based on reaching agreed upon milestones or as we incurcosts. The schedules for such billings usually do not precisely match the schedule on which costs are incurred. As a result, contract revenue recognizedin the statement of operations can and usually does differ from amounts that can be billed or invoiced to the customer at any point during the contract.Amounts by which cumulative contract revenue recognized on a contract as of a given date exceed cumulative billings to the customer under the contractare reflected as a current asset in our balance sheet under the caption "Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings." Amounts by whichcumulative billings to the customer under a contract as of a given date exceed cumulative contract revenue recognized on the contract are reflected as acurrent liability in our balance sheet under the caption "Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings." The percentage of completion method of accounting is also affected by changes in job performance, job conditions, and final contract settlements.These factors may result in revisions to estimated costs and, therefore, revenue. Such revisions are frequently based on further estimates and subjectiveassessments. The effects of these revisions are recognized in the period in which revisions are determined. When such revisions lead to a conclusionthat a loss will be recognized on a contract, the full amount of the estimated ultimate loss is recognized in the period such conclusion is reached,regardless of the percentage of completion of the contract. Revisions to project costs and conditions can give rise to change orders under which the customer agrees to pay additional contract price.Revisions can also result in claims we might make against the customer to recover project variances that have not been satisfactorily addressed throughchange orders with the customer. Except in certain circumstances, we do not recognize revenue or margin based on change orders or claims until theyhave been agreed upon with the customer. The amount of revenue associated with unapproved change orders and claims is currently immaterial. Variations from estimated project costs could have a significant impact on our operating results, depending on project size, and the recoverability ofthe variation via additional customer payments.Accounting for Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We are required to estimate the collectability of accounts receivable and provide an allowance for doubtful accounts for receivable amounts webelieve we will not ultimately collect. This requires us to make certain judgments and estimates involving, among others, the creditworthiness of ourcustomers, prior collection history with our customers, ongoing relationships with our customers, the aging of past due balances, our lien rights, if any,in the property where we performed the work, and the availability, if any, of payment bonds applicable to the contract. These estimates are evaluated andadjusted as needed when additional information is received.Accounting for Self-Insurance Liabilities We are substantially self-insured for workers' compensation, employer's liability, auto liability, general liability and employee group health claimsin view of the relatively high per-incident deductibles27 Table of Contentswe absorb under our insurance arrangements for these risks. Losses up to deductible amounts are estimated and accrued based upon known facts,historical trends and industry averages. Loss estimates associated with the larger and longer-developing risks—workers' compensation, auto liabilityand general liability—are reviewed by a third party actuary quarterly. We believe these accruals are adequate. However, insurance liabilities are difficult to estimate due to unknown factors, including the severity of aninjury, the determination of our liability in proportion to other parties, timely reporting of occurrences, ongoing treatment or loss mitigation, generaltrends in litigation recovery outcomes and the effectiveness of safety and risk management programs. Therefore, if actual experience differs from theassumptions and estimates used for recording the liabilities, adjustments may be required and would be recorded in the period that such experiencebecomes known.Accounting for Deferred Tax Assets We regularly evaluate valuation allowances established for deferred tax assets for which future realization is uncertain. We perform this evaluationquarterly. Estimations of required valuation allowances include estimates of future taxable income. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets isdependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the activity underlying these assets becomes deductible. Weconsider projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. If actual future taxable income is less than the estimates,we may not realize all or a portion of the recorded deferred tax assets.Acquisitions We recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, including contingent assets and liabilities, based on fair valueestimates as of the date of acquisition. Contingent Consideration—In certain acquisitions, we agree to pay additional amounts to sellers contingent upon achievement by the acquiredbusinesses of certain predetermined profitability targets. We have recognized liabilities for these contingent obligations based on their estimated fairvalue at the date of acquisition with any differences between the acquisition-date fair value and the ultimate settlement of the obligations beingrecognized in income from operations. Contingent Assets and Liabilities—Assets and liabilities arising from contingencies are recognized at their acquisition date fair value when theirrespective fair values can be determined. If the fair values of such contingencies cannot be determined, they are recognized at the acquisition date if thecontingencies are probable and an amount can be reasonably estimated. Acquisition date fair value estimates are revised as necessary if, and when,additional information regarding these contingencies becomes available to further define and quantify assets acquired and liabilities assumed.Recoverability of Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets Goodwill is the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. We assess goodwill for impairment each year,and more frequently if circumstances suggest an impairment may have occurred. When the carrying value of a given reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the implied fair value ofthe goodwill of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If other reporting units have had increases in fair value, such increases may not berecorded. Accordingly, such increases may not be netted against impairments at other reporting units. The requirements for assessing whether goodwillhas been impaired involve market-based information. This information, and its use in assessing goodwill, entails some degree of subjective assessment.28 Table of Contents We currently perform our annual impairment testing as of October 1 and any impairment charges resulting from this process are reported in thefourth quarter. We segregate our operations into reporting units based on the degree of operating and financial independence of each unit and our relatedmanagement of them. We perform our annual goodwill impairment testing at the reporting unit level. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events orcircumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of one of our reporting units is greater than its carrying value. If,after completing such assessment, we determine it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, thenthere is no need to perform any further testing. If we conclude otherwise, then we perform the first step of a two-step impairment test by calculating thefair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying value of the reporting unit. We estimate the fair value of the reporting unit based on two market approaches and an income approach, which utilizes discounted future cashflows. Assumptions critical to the fair value estimates under the discounted cash flow model include discount rates, cash flow projections, projectedlong-term growth rates and the determination of terminal values. The market approaches utilized market multiples of invested capital from comparablepublicly traded companies ("public company approach") and comparable transactions ("transaction approach"). The market multiples from investedcapital include revenue, book equity plus debt and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). There are significant inherent uncertainties and management judgment involved in estimating the fair value of each reporting unit. While we believewe have made reasonable estimates and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our reporting units, it is possible that a material change could occur. Ifactual results are not consistent with our current estimates and assumptions, or the current economic downturn worsens or the projected recovery issignificantly delayed beyond our projections, goodwill impairment charges may be recorded in future periods. We amortize identifiable intangible assets with finite lives over their useful lives. Changes in strategy and/or market condition, may result inadjustments to recorded intangible asset balances or their useful lives.29 Table of ContentsResults of Operations (in thousands): 2012 Compared to 2011 We had 38 operating locations as of December 31, 2011. We discontinued operations at one company during 2012. As of December 31, 2012, wehad 37 operating locations. Acquisitions are included in our results of operations from the respective acquisition date. The same-store comparison from2012 to 2011, as described below, excludes the first ten months of 2012 for EAS, which was acquired during 2011. Revenue—Revenue increased $114.5 million, or 9.4% to $1,331.2 million in 2012 compared to 2011. The increase included a 3.4% increase inrevenue related to same-store activity and a 6.0% increase from acquisitions. The same-store revenue increase stemmed primarily from increased activity Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Revenue $1,331,185 100.0%$1,216,654 100.0%$1,063,520 100.0%Cost of services 1,123,564 84.4% 1,035,124 85.1% 873,589 82.1% Gross profit 207,621 15.6% 181,530 14.9% 189,931 17.9%Selling, general andadministrativeexpenses 185,809 14.0% 167,053 13.7% 159,016 15.0%Goodwill impairment — — 57,354 4.7% — — Gain on sale of assets (491) — (236) — (527) — Operating income (loss) 22,303 1.7% (42,641) (3.5)% 31,442 3.0%Interest income 24 — 128 — 193 — Interest expense (1,595) (0.1)% (1,886) (0.2)% (1,699) (0.2)%Changes in the fairvalue of contingentearn-out obligations 662 — 5,528 0.5% 1,574 0.1%Other income 145 — 934 0.1% 247 — Income (loss) beforeincome taxes 21,539 1.6% (37,937) (3.1)% 31,757 3.0%Income tax expense(benefit) 10,045 (5,463) 11,193 Income (loss) fromcontinuing operations 11,494 0.9% (32,474) (2.7)% 20,564 1.9%Discontinued operations— Operating income(loss), net of tax 355 (4,018) (6,547) Gain (loss) ondisposition, net oftax — — 723 Net income (loss)includingnoncontrollinginterests 11,849 (36,492) 14,470 Less: Net income (loss)attributable tononcontrollinginterests (1,614) 338 — Net income (loss)attributable toComfort SystemsUSA, Inc. $13,463 $(36,830) $14,740 in the nonresidential markets throughout the United States especially in the manufacturing sector (approximately $79.2 million) as a result of a large,short duration data center project at ColonialWebb that was substantially completed in the first half of 2012. This increase was partially offset due todecreased revenue in the healthcare sector (approximately $53.4 million). Backlog reflects revenue still to be recognized under contracted or committed installation and replacement project work. Project work generallylasts less than one year. Service agreement revenue and service work and short duration projects which are generally billed as performed do not flowthrough backlog. Accordingly, backlog represents only a portion of our revenue for any given future30 Table of Contentsperiod, and it represents revenue that is likely to be reflected in our operating results over the next six to twelve months. As a result, we believe thepredictive value of backlog information is limited to indications of general revenue direction over the near term, and should not be interpreted asindicative of ongoing revenue performance over several quarters. Backlog as of December 31, 2012 was $618.0 million, a 0.8% decrease from September 30, 2012 backlog of $622.8 million and a 1.8% decreasefrom December 31, 2011 backlog of $629.5 million. The sequential backlog decreased primarily related to our Tennessee operation. The year over yearbacklog decrease was primarily due to the large, short duration data center project at ColonialWebb as previously discussed. Gross Profit—Gross profit increased $26.1 million, or 14.4%, to $207.6 million in 2012 as compared to 2011. As a percentage of revenue, grossprofit increased from 14.9% in 2011 to 15.6% in 2012. The increase included a $22.6 million, or 12.5%, increase in gross profit on a same-store basisand a $3.5 million, or 1.9%, increase related to the acquisition of EAS. The same-store increase in gross profit resulted primarily from improvedprofitability at our New York and Virginia operations in 2012 (approximately $3.9 million and $8.6 million, respectively) and job underperformance atour Southern Alabama operations in 2011 (approximately $4.8 million). This was partially offset by a job write-down that we recorded in the firstquarter of 2012 on a project that had been accelerated by the owner. The additional costs associated with this acceleration exceeded $3 million and as ofyear-end we were pursuing a claim for compensation for such costs. Following year-end, the Company has entered into an agreement with the generalcontractor regarding the claim and has reached an agreement in principal as to the bulk of remaining open issues with its subcontractors. As a result ofthe pending resolution of these matters, we currently expect to receive an estimated benefit during the first quarter of 2013 of between $1.0 and$1.6 million of incremental gross profit. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")—SG&A increased $18.8 million, or 11.2%, to $185.8 million for 2012 as compared to2011. On a same-store basis, excluding amortization expense, SG&A increased $13.5 million, or 8.4%. This increase is primarily due to higher medicalcosts ($2.5 million), an increase in bad debt expense ($2.5 million) and higher compensation accruals ($3.4 million) as a result of improved operatingresults. Amortization expense increased $1.2 million, or 18.6%, primarily related to the EAS acquisition in 2011. As a percentage of revenue, SG&Aincreased from 13.7% in 2011 to 14.0% in 2012, primarily due to the factors discussed above. We have included SG&A on a same-store basis, excluding amortization, because we believe it is an effective measure of comparative results ofoperations prior to factoring in charges incurred for recent acquisitions. However, SG&A, excluding amortization, is not considered under generallyaccepted accounting principles to be a primary measure of an entity's financial results, and accordingly, should not be considered an alternative toSG&A as shown in our consolidated statements of operations. Interest Expense—Interest expense decreased $0.3 million, or 15.4%, in 2012. The decrease is due to the decrease in notes to former owners.31 Year EndedDecember 31, 2012 2011 SG&A $185,809 $167,053 Less: SG&A from companies acquired (4,050) — Less: Amortization expense (7,461) (6,293) Same-store SG&A, excluding amortization expense $174,298 $160,760 Table of Contents Changes in the Fair Value of Contingent Earn-out Obligations—Income from changes in the fair value of contingent earn-out obligationsdecreased $4.9 million in 2012 to $0.7 million. The decrease relates to updated fair value measurements based on estimated future cash flows. Income Tax Expense—Our year to date effective tax rate for 2012 was 46.6%, as compared to 14.4% in 2011. The effective rate for 2012 is higherthan the federal statutory rate primarily due to the impact of increases in tax reserves and the variability of rates and results among local jurisdictions.The effective tax rate in 2011 was lower than the federal statutory rate primarily due to the impact of a permanent difference related to the portion of thegoodwill impairment charge that is not deductible for tax purposes and an increase in valuation allowances related to certain state operating losscarryforwards. This was partially offset by permanent differences generated by acquisition related fair value adjustments. Adjustments to tax reservesare analyzed and adjusted quarterly as events occur to warrant such changes. Adjustments to tax reserves are a component of the effective tax rate. Wecurrently estimate our effective tax rate for 2013 will be between 35% and 45%. Discontinued Operations—During the fourth quarter of 2012, we substantially completed the shutdown of our operation located in Delawarewhich we decided to curtail operating in the fourth quarter of 2011. During 2011, we impaired the intangible assets of $1.6 million associated with thisoperation as a result of this decision. The after tax income of $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the after tax loss of $4.0 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2011 have been recorded in discontinued operations under "Operating income (loss), net of tax expense (benefit)." In addition, we recorded after tax income of $0.3 million in 2012 associated with the reduction of estimated liabilities associated with the sale andshutdown of previous discontinued operations. These amounts are reflected in discontinued operations under "Operating income (loss), net of taxexpense (benefit)" in addition to those mentioned above.2011 Compared to 2010 We had 39 operating locations as of December 31, 2010. We acquired one company that operates as an individual location during 2011. During theyear, we consolidated two companies into other operations. As of December 31, 2011, we had 38 operating locations. Acquisitions are included in ourresults of operations from the respective acquisition date. The same-store comparison from 2011 to 2010, as described below, excludes the results ofEAS, acquired during 2011, and the first seven months of 2011 for ColonialWebb, which was acquired during 2010. Revenue—Revenue increased $153.1 million, or 14.4% to $1,216.7 million in 2011 compared to 2010. The increase included 3.6% increase inrevenue related to same-store activity and a 10.8% increase from acquisitions. The same-store revenue increase stemmed primarily from increasedactivity in the nonresidential markets throughout the United States especially in the government sector (approximately $20.0 million). We have seenincreased activity, mainly in our Maryland operation. Backlog reflects revenue still to be recognized under contracted or committed installation and replacement project work. Project work generallylasts less than one year. Service agreement revenue and service work and short duration projects which are generally billed as performed do not flowthrough backlog. Accordingly, backlog represents only a portion of our revenue for any given future period, and it represents revenue that is likely to bereflected in our operating results over the next six to twelve months. As a result, we believe the predictive value of backlog information is limited toindications of general revenue direction over the near term, and should not be interpreted as indicative of ongoing revenue performance over severalquarters. Backlog as of December 31, 2011 was $629.5 million, a 0.1% decrease from September 30, 2011 backlog of $630.2 million and a 5.2% increasefrom December 31, 2010 backlog of $598.4 million.32 Table of ContentsSequential backlog decreased 5.8% on a same-store basis primarily related to our Maryland and Wisconsin operations, but was offset by a 5.7%increase related to the acquisition of EAS. Approximately 6.0% of the year-over-year increase in backlog related to the EAS acquisition in 2011. Theincrease was offset by a 0.8% decrease on a same-store basis that primarily related to our New Hampshire operations. Gross Profit—Gross profit decreased $8.4 million, or 4.4%, to $181.5 million in 2011 as compared to 2010. As a percentage of revenue, grossprofit for 2011 was 14.9%, down from 17.9% in 2010. The decrease in gross profit percentage resulted primarily from a difficult pricing environment.The largest decline was at our Maryland operation (approximately $14.2 million) due to the difficult pricing environment as well as job write-downs.We also had job write-downs at our Southern Alabama operation (approximately $4.5 million), which has been consolidated into a neighboringoperation in the Florida Panhandle. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")—SG&A increased $8.0 million, or 5.1%, to $167.1 million for 2011 as compared to2010. On a same-store basis, excluding amortization expense, SG&A decreased $10.0 million, or 6.5%. The decrease is primarily due to overheadreductions and lower compensation accruals. Amortization expense increased $1.5 million, or 30.2%, primarily related to the ColonialWebb acquisitionin 2010. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A decreased to 13.7% in 2011 compared to 15.0% for 2010. We have included SG&A on a same-store basis, excluding amortization, because we believe it is an effective measure of comparative results ofoperations prior to factoring in charges incurred for recent acquisitions. However, SG&A, excluding amortization, is not considered under generallyaccepted accounting principles to be a primary measure of an entity's financial results, and accordingly, should not be considered an alternative toSG&A as shown in our consolidated statements of operations. Goodwill and Other Intangible Asset Impairments—We recorded goodwill impairment charges of $57.4 million during 2011. This impairmentcharge resulted from our estimation that the operating environment, conditions and performance at certain operating locations based in Virginia,Maryland and North Carolina, including ColonialWebb, could no longer support the related goodwill balance. Interest Income—Interest income decreased $0.1 million, or 33.7%, in 2011. The decrease is primarily due to lower interest rates and lower cashbalances in 2011. Interest Expense—Interest expense increased $0.2 million, or 11.0%, in 2011. The increase is due to the increase in notes to former owners andamortization on debt financing costs incurred on the senior credit facility we entered into during the year. Changes in the Fair Value of Contingent Earn-out Obligations—Changes in the fair value of contingent earn-out obligations increased$4.0 million in 2011 to $5.5 million. The increase relates to updated fair value measurements based on estimated future cash flows. Other Income—Other Income increased $0.7 million in 2011 compared to 2010. The increase is primarily related to a settlement of a legal matterthat resulted in a $1.0 million gain.33 Year EndedDecember 31, 2011 2010 SG&A $167,053 $159,016 Less: SG&A from companies acquired (16,579) — Less: Amortization expense (6,293) (4,833) Same-store SG&A, excluding amortization expense $144,181 $154,183 Table of Contents Income Tax Expense—Our year to date effective tax rate for 2011 was 14.4%, as compared to 35.2% in 2010. The effective tax rate in the currentyear was lower than the federal statutory rate primarily due to the impact of a permanent difference related to the portion of the goodwill impairmentcharge that is not deductible for tax purposes and an increase in valuation allowances related to certain state net operating loss carryforwards. This waspartially offset by permanent differences generated by acquisition related fair value adjustments. Discontinued Operations—During the fourth quarter of 2012, we substantially completed the shutdown of our operation located in Delawarewhich we decided to curtail operating in the fourth quarter of 2011. During 2011, we impaired the intangible assets of $1.6 million associated with thisoperation as a result of this decision. During 2010, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $5.7 million to eliminate the remaining goodwillbalance. The after tax losses of this operation were $4.0 million and $6.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, andhave been recorded in discontinued operations under "Operating income (loss), net of tax benefit (expense)."Outlook We expect that weakness in the underlying environment for nonresidential activity will continue to affect our industry in 2013 with overall activityremaining at subdued levels similar to recent years. Our backlog, while still at solid levels by historical standards, declined substantially in recent yearsand was flat in 2012. Our primary emphasis for 2013 will remain on execution, including a focus on cost discipline and efficient project and serviceperformance. Based on our backlog and the weak economic conditions for our industry, we expect continued profitability during 2013 but we expectthat lower levels of profitability, similar to those that we experienced in 2012, will continue in 2013.Liquidity and Capital Resources 34 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands) Cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $30,510 $29,680 $32,149 Investing activities (23,168) (35,750) (43,001)Financing activities (17,822) (29,039) (30,652) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $(10,480)$(35,109)$(41,504) Free cash flow: Cash provided by operating activities $30,510 $29,680 $32,149 Taxes paid related to pre-acquisition equity transactions of anacquired company — — 7,056 Purchases of property and equipment (11,782) (8,666) (7,089)Proceeds from sales of property and equipment 1,106 717 1,381 Free cash flow $19,834 $21,731 $33,497 Table of ContentsCash Flow Our business does not require significant amounts of investment in long-term fixed assets. The substantial majority of the capital used in ourbusiness is working capital that funds our costs of labor and installed equipment deployed in project work until our customer pays us. Customary termsin our industry allow customers to withhold a small portion of the contract price until after we have completed the work, typically for six months.Amounts withheld under this practice are known as retention or retainage. Our average project duration together with typical retention terms generallyallow us to complete the realization of revenue and earnings in cash within one year.2012 Compared to 2011 Cash Provided by Operating Activities—We generated $30.5 million of cash flow from operating activities during 2012 compared with$29.7 million during 2011. The $0.8 million increase is primarily due to higher profitability in 2012. Cash Used in Investing Activities—During 2012, cash used for investing activities was $23.2 million compared with $35.8 million during 2011.The most significant item affecting the comparison of our investing cash flows for these years primarily related to $12.7 million paid for acquisitions in2012 as compared to $30.0 million in 2011. Cash Used in Financing Activities—Cash used for financing activities was $17.8 million for 2012 compared to $29.0 million during 2011. Themost significant item affecting the comparison of our financing cash flows for these years primarily relates to our share repurchase program andpayments on other long-term debt. We repurchased approximately 0.3 million shares in 2012 for $2.9 million as compared to 0.7 million shares in 2011for $7.3 million. Additionally, we paid $7.3 million of debt related to acquisitions in 2012 as compared to $14.4 million in 2011.2011 Compared to 2010 Cash Provided by Operating Activities—We generated $29.7 million of cash flow from operating activities during 2011 compared with$32.1 million during 2010. The $2.4 million decrease is primarily due to lower profitability in 2011 compared to 2010. Cash Used in Investing Activities—During 2011, cash used for investing activities was $35.8 million compared with $43.0 million during 2010.The most significant item affecting the comparison of our investing cash flows for these years primarily related to $30.0 million paid for acquisitions in2011 as compared to $42.7 million in 2010. Cash Used in Financing Activities—Cash used for financing activities was $29.0 million for 2011 compared to $30.7 million during 2010. Themost significant items affecting the comparison of our financing cash flows for these years primarily related to our share repurchase program andpayments on other long-term debt. We repurchased approximately 0.7 million shares in 2011 for $7.3 million as compared to 0.5 million shares in 2010for $5.1 million. Additionally, we paid $14.4 million of debt related to acquisitions in 2011 as compared to $17.7 million in 2010.Free Cash Flow We define free cash flow as cash provided by operating activities, less customary capital expenditures, plus the proceeds from asset sales and taxespaid related to pre-acquisition equity transactions of an acquired company. We believe free cash flow, by encompassing both profit margins and the useof working capital over our approximately one year working capital cycle, is an effective measure of operating effectiveness and efficiency. We haveincluded free cash flow information here for this reason, and because we are often asked about it by third parties evaluating us. However, free cash35 Table of Contentsflow is not considered under generally accepted accounting principles to be a primary measure of an entity's financial results, and accordingly free cashflow should not be considered an alternative to operating income, net income, or amounts shown in our consolidated statements of cash flows asdetermined under generally accepted accounting principles. Free cash flow may be defined differently by other companies.Share Repurchase Program On March 29, 2007, our Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program to acquire up to 1.0 million shares of ouroutstanding stock. Subsequently, the Board has from time to time approved extensions of the program to acquire additional shares. Since the inceptionof the repurchase program, the Board has approved 6.6 million shares to be repurchased. The share repurchases will be made from time to time at our discretion in the open market or privately negotiated transactions as permitted bysecurities laws and other legal requirements, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The Board may modify, suspend, extend or terminatethe program at any time. We repurchased 0.3 million shares for approximately $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, at an average price of$9.97 per share. We repurchased 0.7 million shares for approximately $7.3 million and 0.5 million shares for approximately $5.1 million under ourshare repurchase program for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Since the inception of the repurchase program in 2007 and asof December 31, 2012, we have repurchased a cumulative total of 5.9 million shares for $64.4 million, at an average price of $10.93 per share.DebtCredit Facility On September 23, 2011, we amended our $125.0 million senior credit facility (the "Facility") provided by a syndicate of banks. The Facility,which is available for borrowings and letters of credit, expires in September 2016 and is secured by the capital stock of our current and futuresubsidiaries. As of December 31, 2012, we had no outstanding borrowings, $48.2 million in letters of credit outstanding and $76.8 million of creditavailable. There are two interest rate options for borrowings under the Facility, the Base Rate Loan option and the Eurodollar Rate Loan option. These ratesare floating rates determined by the broad financial markets, meaning they can and do move up and down from time to time. Additional margins are thenadded to these two rates. We estimate that the interest rate applicable to the borrowings under the Facility would be approximately 2.3% as ofDecember 31, 2012. We have used letters of credit to guarantee performance under our contracts and to ensure payment to our subcontractors and vendors under thosecontracts. Our lenders issue such letters of credit through the Facility for a fee. We have never had a claim made against a letter of credit that resulted inpayments by a lender or by us and believe such claims are unlikely in the foreseeable future. The letter of credit fees range from 1.30% to 2.10% perannum, based on the ratio of Consolidated Total Indebtedness to Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the credit agreement. Commitment fees are payable on the portion of the revolving loan capacity not in use for borrowings or letters of credit at any given time. Thesefees range from 0.25%-0.50% per annum, based on the ratio of Consolidated Total Indebtedness to Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA, as defined in thecredit agreement.36 Table of Contents Interest expense included the following primary elements (in thousands): The Facility contains financial covenants defining various measures and the levels of these measures with which we must comply. Covenantcompliance is assessed as of each quarter end. Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA is defined under the Facility for financial covenant purposes as netearnings for the four quarters ending as of any given quarterly covenant compliance measurement date, plus the corresponding amounts for (a) interestexpense; (b) income taxes; (c) depreciation and amortization; (d) other non-cash charges; and (e) pre-acquisition results of acquired companies. Thefollowing is a reconciliation of Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA to net income (in thousands): The Facility's principal financial covenants include: Leverage Ratio— The Facility requires that the ratio of our Consolidated Total Indebtedness to our Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA notexceed 3.00 through December 31, 2013, 2.75 through June 30, 2014 and 2.50 through maturity. The leverage ratio as of December 31, 2012was 0.15. Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio— The Facility requires that the ratio of Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA, less non-financed capitalexpenditures, tax provision, dividends and amounts used to repurchase stock to the sum of interest expense and scheduled principal payments ofindebtedness be at least 2.00; provided that the calculation of the fixed charge coverage ratio excludes stock repurchases and the payment ofdividends at any time that the Company's Net Leverage Ratio does not exceed 2.0 through December 31, 2013, 1.5 through June 30, 2014 and1.0 through maturity. Capital expenditures, tax provision, dividends and stock repurchase payments are defined under the Facility for purposesof this covenant to be amounts for the four quarters ending as of any given quarterly covenant compliance measurement date. The fixed chargecoverage ratio as of December 31, 2012 was 16.31. Other Restrictions— The Facility permits acquisitions of up to $15.0 million per transaction, provided that the aggregate purchase price ofsuch an acquisition and of acquisitions in the preceding 12 month period does not exceed $30.0 million. However, these limitations only applywhen the Company's Net Leverage Ratio is equal to or greater than 2.0.37 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Interest expense on notes to former owners $255 $795 $627 Interest expense on borrowings and unused commitment fees 444 243 287 Letter of credit fees 667 622 447 Amortization of deferred debt arrangement costs 229 226 338 Total $1,595 $1,886 $1,699 Net income including noncontrolling interests $11,849 Income taxes—continuing operations 10,045 Interest expense, net 1,571 Depreciation and amortization expense 20,630 Stock compensation expense 2,797 Income taxes—discontinued operations 212 EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest 275 Pre-acquisition results of acquired companies, as defined under the Facility 730 Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA $48,109 Table of Contents While the Facility's financial covenants do not specifically govern capacity under the Facility, if our debt level under the Facility at a quarter-endcovenant compliance measurement date were to cause us to violate the Facility's leverage ratio covenant, our borrowing capacity under the Facility andthe favorable terms that we currently enjoy could be negatively impacted by the lenders. We are in compliance with all of our financial covenants as of December 31, 2012Notes to Former Owners We issued subordinated notes to the former owners of acquired companies, as part of the consideration used to acquire these companies. Thesenotes had an outstanding balance of $5.0 million, as of December 31, 2012 and bear interest, payable annually, at a weighted average interest rate of3.3%.Other Debt In conjunction with our acquisition of ColonialWebb, we acquired $3.0 million of long-term debt related to an industrial revenue bond associatedwith its office building and warehouse. Currently, $2.4 million of this debt is outstanding. We have included both the $0.3 million current portion andthe $2.1 million long-term portion on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2012. The weighted average interest rate on this variable rate debt as ofDecember 31, 2012 was approximately 0.30%.Outlook We have generated positive net free cash flow for the last fourteen calendar years, much of which occurred during challenging economic andindustry conditions. We also expect to have borrowing capacity under our credit facility and we maintain what we feel are reasonable cash balances. Webelieve these factors will provide us with sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for the foreseeable future.Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Other Commitments As is common in our industry, we have entered into certain off-balance sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business that result in risksnot directly reflected in our balance sheets. Our most significant off-balance sheet transactions include liabilities associated with noncancelable operatingleases. We also have other off-balance sheet obligations involving letters of credit and surety guarantees. We enter into noncancelable operating leases for many of our facility, vehicle and equipment needs. These leases allow us to conserve cash bypaying a monthly lease rental fee for use of facilities, vehicles and equipment rather than purchasing them. At the end of the lease, we have no furtherobligation to the lessor. If we decide to cancel or terminate a lease before the end of its term, we would typically owe the lessor the remaining leasepayments under the term of the lease. Certain of our vendors require letters of credit to ensure reimbursement for amounts they are disbursing on our behalf, such as to beneficiariesunder our self-funded insurance programs. We have also occasionally used letters of credit to guarantee performance under our contracts and to ensurepayment to our subcontractors and vendors under those contracts. The letters of credit we provide are actually issued by our lenders through the Facilityas described above. A letter of credit commits the lenders to pay specified amounts to the holder of the letter of credit if the holder demonstrates that wehave failed to perform specified actions. If this were to occur, we would be required to reimburse the lenders. Depending on the circumstances of such areimbursement, we may also have to record a charge to earnings for the reimbursement. Absent a claim, there is no payment or reserving of funds by usin connection with a letter of credit. However, because a claim on a letter of credit would require38 Table of Contentsimmediate reimbursement by us to our lenders, letters of credit are treated as a use of the Facility's capacity just the same as actual borrowings. Claimsagainst letters of credit are rare in our industry. To date we have not had a claim made against a letter of credit that resulted in payments by a lender or byus. We believe that it is unlikely that we will have to fund claims under a letter of credit in the foreseeable future. Many customers, particularly in connection with new construction, require us to post performance and payment bonds issued by a financialinstitution known as a surety. If we fail to perform under the terms of a contract or to pay subcontractors and vendors who provided goods or servicesunder a contract, the customer may demand that the surety make payments or provide services under the bond. We must reimburse the sureties for anyexpenses or outlays they incur. To date, we are not aware of any losses to our sureties in connection with bonds the sureties have posted on our behalf,and we do not expect such losses to be incurred in the foreseeable future. Surety market conditions are currently challenging as a result of significant losses incurred by many sureties in recent periods, both in theconstruction industry as well as in certain larger corporate bankruptcies. As a result, less bonding capacity is available in the market and terms havebecome more restrictive. Further, under standard terms in the surety market, sureties issue bonds on a project-by-project basis and can decline to issuebonds at any time. Historically, approximately 25% to 35% of our business has required bonds. While we have strong surety relationships to supportour bonding needs, current market conditions as well as changes in our sureties' assessment of our operating and financial risk could cause our suretiesto decline to issue bonds for our work. If that were to occur, our alternatives include doing more business that does not require bonds, posting otherforms of collateral for project performance such as letters of credit or cash, and seeking bonding capacity from other sureties. We would likely alsoencounter concerns from customers, suppliers and other market participants as to our creditworthiness. While we believe our general operating andfinancial characteristics, including a significant amount of cash on our balance sheet, would enable us to ultimately respond effectively to an interruptionin the availability of bonding capacity, such an interruption would likely cause our revenue and profits to decline in the near term.Contractual Obligations The following recaps the future maturities of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2012 (in thousands): As discussed in Note 10 "Income Taxes", included in our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2012 is approximately $0.5 million ofliabilities associated with uncertain tax positions. Due to the uncertain and complex application of tax regulations, combined with the difficulty inpredicting when tax audits may be concluded, we cannot make reliable estimates of the timing of cash outflows relating to these liabilities. Absent any significant commitments of capital for items such as capital expenditures, acquisitions, dividends and share repurchases, it isreasonable to expect us to continue to maintain excess cash on39 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Thereafter Total Notes toformerowners $— $5,000 $— $— $— $— $5,000 Other debt 300 300 300 300 300 900 2,400 Interestpayable 134 135 1 1 1 3 275 Operatingleaseobligations 10,608 7,903 5,912 4,409 3,177 5,005 37,014 Total $11,042 $13,338 $6,213 $4,710 $3,478 $5,908 $44,689 Table of Contentsour balance sheet. Therefore, we assumed that we would continue our current status of not using any borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2012, we also have $48.2 million in letter of credit commitments, of which all expire in 2013. The substantial majority ofthese letters of credit are posted with insurers who disburse funds on our behalf in connection with our workers' compensation, auto liability andgeneral liability insurance program. These letters of credit provide additional security to the insurers that sufficient financial resources will be available tofund claims on our behalf, many of which develop over long periods of time, should we ever encounter financial duress. Posting of letters of credit forthis purpose is a common practice for entities that manage their self-insurance programs through third-party insurers as we do. While these letter ofcredit commitments expire in 2013, we expect nearly all of them, particularly those supporting our insurance programs, will be renewed annually. Other than the operating lease obligations noted above, we have no significant purchase or operating commitments outside of commitments todeliver equipment and provide labor in the ordinary course of performing project work.ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk We are exposed to market risk primarily related to potential adverse changes in interest rates as discussed below. We are actively involved inmonitoring exposure to market risk and continue to develop and utilize appropriate risk management techniques. We are not exposed to any othersignificant financial market risks including commodity price risk, foreign currency exchange risk or interest rate risks from the use of derivativefinancial instruments. We do not use derivative financial instruments. We have limited exposure to changes in interest rates under our revolving credit facility and the industrial revenue bond. We have a debt facilityunder which we may borrow funds in the future. We do not currently foresee any borrowing needs. Our debt with fixed interest rates consists of notesto former owners of acquired companies. The following table presents principal amounts (stated in thousands) and related average interest rates by year of maturity for our debt obligationsand their indicated fair market value at December 31, 2012: The weighted average interest rate on the variable rate debt as of December 31, 2012 was approximately 0.30%. We measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are recognized at fair value when they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. During the year ended December 31, 2012, no goodwill or other intangible asset impairments were recorded. We did notrecognize any other impairments on those assets required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The valuation of the Company's contingent earn-out payments is determined using a probability weighted discounted cash flow method. Thisanalysis reflects the contractual terms of the purchase agreements (e.g., minimum and maximum payment, length of earn-out periods, manner ofcalculating any amounts due, etc.) and utilizes assumptions with regard to future cash flows, probabilities of achieving such future cash flows and adiscount rate.40 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Thereafter Total Fixed Rate Debt $— $5,000 $— $— $— $— $5,000 Average Interest Rate — 3.3% — — — — 3.3%Variable Rate Debt $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $900 $2,400 Table of ContentsITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 41 Page Comfort Systems USA, Inc. Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 42 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 43 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 44 Consolidated Balance Sheets 45 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 46 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity 47 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 48 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 49 Table of ContentsManagement's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief ExecutiveOfficer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,2012 based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the TreadwayCommission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as ofDecember 31, 2012. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of anyevaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that thedegree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included elsewhere herein, has issued anattestation report auditing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012.42 Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the relatedconsolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financialstatements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standardsrequire that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. Anaudit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessingthe accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Webelieve that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of ComfortSystems USA, Inc. at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in theperiod ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Comfort SystemsUSA, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Frameworkissued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2013 expressed an unqualifiedopinion thereon.Houston, TexasFebruary 28, 201343 /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. We have audited Comfort Systems USA, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established inInternal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria).Comfort Systems USA, Inc.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of theeffectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over FinancialReporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standardsrequire that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting wasmaintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that amaterial weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performingsuch other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financialreporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company'sinternal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions arerecorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts andexpenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have amaterial effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of anyevaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that thedegree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, Comfort Systems USA, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as ofDecember 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria.Houston, TXFebruary 28, 201344 /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In Thousands, Except Share Amounts) December 31, 2012 2011 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents $40,757 $51,237 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $6,333 and $4,615,respectively 256,959 260,145 Other receivables 12,376 6,631 Inventories 9,638 10,349 Prepaid expenses and other 25,037 24,179 Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings 26,204 26,602 Assets related to discontinued operations 1,582 11,407 Total current assets 372,553 390,550 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET 41,416 41,693 GOODWILL 114,588 107,093 IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET 44,515 48,349 OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS 7,682 6,295 Total assets $580,754 $593,980 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES: Current maturities of long-term debt $300 $300 Current maturities of notes to former owners — 332 Accounts payable 100,641 111,683 Accrued compensation and benefits 36,892 36,389 Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings 73,814 70,635 Accrued self-insurance expense 29,096 27,339 Other current liabilities 27,077 29,849 Liabilities related to discontinued operations 767 4,257 Total current liabilities 268,587 280,784 LONG-TERM DEBT, NET OF CURRENT MATURITIES 2,100 2,400 NOTES TO FORMER OWNERS, NET OF CURRENT MATURITIES 5,000 12,349 DEFERRED INCOME TAX LIABILITIES 7,954 4,642 OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES 9,807 10,699 Total liabilities 293,448 310,874 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: Preferred stock, $.01 par, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding — — Common stock, $.01 par, 102,969,912 shares authorized, 41,123,365 and 41,123,365 sharesissued, respectively 411 411 Treasury stock, at cost, 3,879,299 and 3,714,506 shares, respectively (41,012) (39,437)Additional paid-in capital 317,534 323,608 Retained deficit (6,528) (19,991) Comfort Systems USA, Inc. stockholders' equity 270,405 264,591 Noncontrolling interests 16,901 18,515 Total stockholders' equity 287,306 283,106 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $580,754 $593,980 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.45 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In Thousands, Except Per Share Data) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.46 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 REVENUE $1,331,185 $1,216,654 $1,063,520 COST OF SERVICES 1,123,564 1,035,124 873,589 Gross profit 207,621 181,530 189,931 SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 185,809 167,053 159,016 GOODWILL IMPAIRMENT — 57,354 — GAIN ON SALE OF ASSETS (491) (236) (527) Operating income (loss) 22,303 (42,641) 31,442 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): Interest income 24 128 193 Interest expense (1,595) (1,886) (1,699)Changes in the fair value of contingent earn-out obligations 662 5,528 1,574 Other 145 934 247 Other income (expense) (764) 4,704 315 INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES 21,539 (37,937) 31,757 INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT) 10,045 (5,463) 11,193 INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 11,494 (32,474) 20,564 DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS: Operating income (loss), net of income tax expense (benefit) of $212, $(2,709) and $(4,833) 355 (4,018) (6,547)Gain (loss) on disposition of discontinued operations, net of income tax expense of $—, $—and$(166) — — 723 NET INCOME (LOSS) INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS 11,849 (36,492) 14,740 Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (1,614) 338 — NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC $13,463 $(36,830)$14,740 OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME: Realized gain on marketable securities reclassified into earnings, net of income taxes — — 181 COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. $13,463 $(36,830)$14,921 INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.: Basic— Income (loss) from continuing operations $0.35 $(0.88)$0.54 Discontinued operations— Income (loss) from operations 0.01 (0.11) (0.17)Gain (loss) on disposition — — 0.02 Net income (loss) $0.36 $(0.99)$0.39 Diluted— Income (loss) from continuing operations $0.35 $(0.88)$0.54 Discontinued operations— Income (loss) from operations 0.01 (0.11) (0.17)Gain (loss) on disposition — — 0.02 Net income (loss) $0.36 $(0.99)$0.39 SHARES USED IN COMPUTING INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE: Basic 37,112 37,389 37,549 Diluted 37,259 37,389 37,790 DIVIDENDS PER SHARE $0.200 $0.200 $0.200 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (In Thousands, Except Share Amounts) Common Stock Treasury Stock AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome (Loss) AdditionalPaid-InCapital RetainedEarnings(Deficit) Non-ControllingInterests TotalStockholders'Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount BALANCE ATDECEMBER 31,2009 41,123,365 $411 (3,129,460)$(33,810)$326,103 $(181)$13,461 — $305,984 Net income(loss) — — — — — — 14,740 — 14,740 Realized gain onmarketablesecuritiesreclassifiedinto earnings,net of tax — — — — — 181 — — 181 Issuance ofStock: Issuance ofshares foroptionsexercisedincludingtax benefit — — 183,686 1,982 (875) — — — 1,107 Issuance ofrestrictedstock — — 235,122 2,864 (2,614) — — — 250 Shares receivedin lieu of taxwithholdingpayment onvestedrestricted stock — — (50,575) (616) — — — — (616)Tax benefit fromvesting ofrestricted stock — — — — 106 — — — 106 Forfeiture ofunvestedrestricted stock — — (5,610) (60) 60 — — — — Stock-basedcompensationexpense — — — — 3,687 — — — 3,687 Dividends — — — — — — (7,581) — (7,581)Share repurchase — — (454,938) (5,074) — — — — (5,074) BALANCE ATDECEMBER 31,2010 41,123,365 411 (3,221,775) (34,714) 326,467 — 20,620 — 312,784 Net income(loss) — — — — — — (36,830) 338 (36,492)Issuance ofStock: Issuance ofshares foroptionsexercisedincludingtax benefit — — 65,950 707 (258) — — — 449 Issuance ofrestrictedstock — — 230,702 2,488 (2,488) — — — — Shares receivedin lieu of taxwithholdingpayment onvestedrestricted stock — — (50,793) (662) — — — — (662)Tax benefit from The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.47vesting ofrestricted stock — — — — 54 — — — 54 Stock-basedcompensationexpense — — — — 3,604 — — — 3,604 Dividends — — — — (3,771) — (3,781) — (7,552)Share repurchase — — (738,590) (7,256) — — — — (7,256)Acquisition ofEAS — — — — — — — 17,377 17,377 Contributionfromnoncontrollinginterest — — — — — — — 800 800 BALANCE ATDECEMBER 31,2011 41,123,365 411 (3,714,506) (39,437) 323,608 — (19,991) 18,515 283,106 Net income(loss) — — — — — — 13,463 (1,614) 11,849 Issuance ofStock: Issuance ofshares foroptionsexercisedincludingtax benefit — — 102,750 1,087 (714) — — — 373 Issuance ofrestrictedstock — — 70,000 742 (742) — — — — Shares receivedin lieu of taxwithholdingpayment onvestedrestricted stock — — (51,507) (544) — — — — (544)Tax benefit fromvesting ofrestricted stock — — — — 56 — — — 56 Stock-basedcompensationexpense — — — — 2,797 — — — 2,797 Dividends — — — — (7,471) — — — (7,471)Share repurchase — — (286,036) (2,860) — — — — (2,860) BALANCE ATDECEMBER 31,2012 41,123,365 $411 (3,879,299)$(41,012)$317,534 — $(6,528)$16,901 $287,306 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In Thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interests $11,849 $(36,492)$14,740 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operatingactivities— (Gain) loss on disposition of discontinued operations — — (723)Write-off of debt financing costs — — 181 Amortization of identifiable intangible assets 8,837 7,462 6,217 Depreciation expense 11,793 12,591 11,225 Goodwill and other intangible asset impairments — 58,922 5,734 Bad debt expense 2,453 936 364 Deferred tax expense (benefit) 3,541 (9,525) (3,484)Amortization of debt financing costs 229 226 157 Gain on sale of assets (607) (239) (525)Changes in the fair value of contingent earn-out obligations (662) (5,528) (1,574)Stock-based compensation expense 2,797 3,604 3,687 Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions anddivestitures— (Increase) decrease in— Receivables, net 2,913 10,390 13,405 Inventories 1,195 (270) 1,034 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 370 977 (1,469)Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings 1,636 4,162 3,985 Other noncurrent assets (3,334) 917 (813)Increase (decrease) in— Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (15,507) (21,477) 47 Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings 1,776 5,426 (12,684)Taxes paid related to pre-acquisition equity transactions of an acquiredcompany — — (7,056)Other long-term liabilities 1,231 (2,402) (299) Net cash provided by operating activities 30,510 29,680 32,149 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchases of property and equipment (11,782) (8,666) (7,089)Proceeds from sales of property and equipment 1,106 717 1,381 Proceeds from businesses sold 164 156 1,514 Sales of marketable securities — 2,000 3,925 Cash paid for acquisitions, earn-outs and intangible assets, net of cash acquired (12,656) (29,957) (42,732) Net cash used in investing activities (23,168) (35,750) (43,001) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Net borrowings on revolving line of credit — — — Payments on other long-term debt (7,349) (14,387) (17,749)Debt financing costs — (517) (896)Payments of dividends to shareholders (7,498) (7,520) (7,530)Share repurchase program (2,860) (7,256) (5,074)Shares received in lieu of tax withholding (544) (662) (616) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.48Excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation 100 210 740 Proceeds from exercise of options 329 293 473 Capital contribution from noncontrolling interests — 800 — Net cash used in financing activities (17,822) (29,039) (30,652) NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (10,480) (35,109) (41,504) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year—continuing operationsand discontinued operations 51,237 86,346 127,850 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year—continuing operations anddiscontinued operations $40,757 $51,237 $86,346 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2012 1. Business and Organization Comfort Systems USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation, provides comprehensive heating, ventilation and air conditioning ("HVAC") installation,maintenance, repair and replacement services within the mechanical services industry. We operate primarily in the commercial, industrial andinstitutional HVAC markets and perform most of our services within office buildings, retail centers, apartment complexes, manufacturing plants andhealthcare, education and government facilities. In addition to standard HVAC services, we provide specialized applications such as building automationcontrol systems, fire protection, process cooling, electronic monitoring and process piping. Certain locations also perform related activities such aselectrical service and plumbing. Approximately 47% of our consolidated 2012 revenue is attributable to installation of systems in newly constructedfacilities, with the remaining 53% attributable to maintenance, repair and replacement services. The following service activities account for ourconsolidated 2012 revenue: HVAC 75%, plumbing 16%, building automation control systems 5% and other 4%. These service activities are within themechanical services industry which is the single industry segment we serve.2. Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesPrinciples of Consolidation These financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Theaccompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest. Allsignificant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made in prior period financial statements to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications areeither of a normal and recurring nature or are due to discontinued operations accounting related to the shutdown of our Delaware operation in 2012.Neither have resulted in any changes to previously reported net income for any periods.Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates and assumptionsby management in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosures regarding contingent assets andliabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates used in our financial statements affect revenue and costrecognition for construction contracts, the allowance for doubtful accounts, self-insurance accruals, deferred tax assets, warranty accruals, fair valueaccounting for acquisitions and the quantification of fair value for reporting units in connection with our goodwill impairment testing.Cash Flow Information We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.49 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20122. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Cash paid (in thousands) for:Revenue Recognition Approximately 84% of our revenue was earned on a project basis and recognized through the percentage of completion method of accounting.Under this method, contract revenue recognizable at any time during the life of a contract is determined by multiplying expected total contract revenue bythe percentage of contract costs incurred at any time to total estimated contract costs. More specifically, as part of the negotiation and bidding process inconnection with obtaining installation contracts, we estimate our contract costs, which include all direct materials (exclusive of rebates), labor andsubcontract costs and indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation costs. These contractcosts are included in our results of operations under the caption "Cost of Services." Then, as we perform under those contracts, we measure costsincurred, compare them to total estimated costs to complete the contract and recognize a corresponding proportion of contract revenue. Labor costs areconsidered to be incurred as the work is performed. Subcontractor labor is recognized as the work is performed, but is generally subjected to approvalas to milestones or other evidence of completion. Non-labor project costs consist of purchased equipment, prefabricated materials and other materials.Purchased equipment on our projects is substantially produced to job specifications and is a value added element to our work. The costs are consideredto be incurred when title is transferred to us, which typically is upon delivery to the work site. Prefabricated materials, such as ductwork and piping, aregenerally performed at our shops and recognized as contract costs when fabricated for the unique specifications of the job. Other materials costs are notsignificant and are generally recorded when delivered to the work site. This measurement and comparison process requires updates to the estimate oftotal costs to complete the contract, and these updates may include subjective assessments. We generally do not incur significant costs prior to receiving a contract, and therefore, these costs are expensed as incurred. In limitedcircumstances, when significant pre-contract costs are incurred, they are deferred if the costs can be directly associated with a specific contract and iftheir recoverability from the contract is probable. Upon receiving the contract, these costs are included in contract costs. Deferred costs associated withunsuccessful contract bids are written off in the period that we are informed that we will not be awarded the contract. Project contracts typically provide for a schedule of billings or invoices to the customer based on reaching agreed upon milestones or as we incurcosts. The schedules for such billings usually do not precisely match the schedule on which costs are incurred. As a result, contract revenue recognizedin the statement of operations can and usually does differ from amounts that can be billed or invoiced to50 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Interest $1,326 $1,720 $1,215 Income taxes for continuing operations 13,948 1,613 9,034 Income taxes for discontinued operations 5 8 2 Total $15,279 $3,341 $10,251 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20122. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)the customer at any point during the contract. Amounts by which cumulative contract revenue recognized on a contract as of a given date exceedcumulative billings to the customer under the contract are reflected as a current asset in our balance sheet under the caption "Costs and estimatedearnings in excess of billings." Amounts by which cumulative billings to the customer under a contract as of a given date exceed cumulative contractrevenue recognized on the contract are reflected as a current liability in our balance sheet under the caption "Billings in excess of costs and estimatedearnings." The percentage of completion method of accounting is also affected by changes in job performance, job conditions and final contract settlements.These factors may result in revisions to estimated costs and, therefore, revenue. Such revisions are frequently based on further estimates and subjectiveassessments. The effects of these revisions are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. When such revisions lead to a conclusionthat a loss will be recognized on a contract, the full amount of the estimated ultimate loss is recognized in the period such a conclusion is reached,regardless of the percentage of completion of the contract. Revisions to project costs and conditions can give rise to change orders under which the customer agrees to pay additional contract price.Revisions can also result in claims we might make against the customer to recover project variances that have not been satisfactorily addressed throughchange orders with the customer. Except in certain circumstances, we do not recognize revenue or margin based on change orders or claims until theyhave been agreed upon with the customer. The amount of revenue associated with unapproved change orders and claims is currently immaterial. Variations from estimated project costs could have a significant impact on our operating results, depending on project size, and the recoverability ofthe variation via additional customer payments. Revenue associated with maintenance, repair and monitoring services and related contracts are recognized as services are performed. Amountsassociated with unbilled service work orders are reflected as a current asset in our balance sheet under the caption "Costs and estimated earnings inexcess of billings" and amounts billed in advance of work orders being performed are reflected as a current liability in our balance sheet under thecaption "Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings."Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable include amounts billed to customers under retention or retainage provisions in construction contracts. Such provisions arestandard in our industry and usually allow for a small portion of progress billings or the contract price to be withheld by the customer until after wehave completed work on the project, typically for a period of six months. Based on our experience with similar contracts in recent years, the majority ofour billings for such retention balances at each balance sheet date are finalized and collected within the subsequent year. Retention balances atDecember 31, 2012 and 2011 are $48.0 million and $51.7 million, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable. The carrying value of our receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represents the estimated net realizable value. We estimate ourallowance for doubtful accounts based upon the creditworthiness of our customers, prior collection history, ongoing relationships with our customers,the aging of past due balances, our lien rights, if any, in the property where we performed the work51 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20122. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)and the availability, if any, of payment bonds applicable to the contract. The receivables are written off when they are deemed to be uncollectible.Inventories Inventories consist of parts and supplies that we purchase and hold for use in the ordinary course of business and are stated at the lower of cost ormarket using the first-in, first-out method.Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, and depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the expected life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments, which extendthe useful lives of existing equipment, are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the equipment. Upon retirement or disposition ofproperty and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in"Gain on sale of assets" in the statement of operations.Recoverability of Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets Goodwill is the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. We assess goodwill for impairment each year,and more frequently if circumstances suggest an impairment may have occurred. When the carrying value of a given reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the implied fair value ofthe goodwill of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If other reporting units have had increases in fair value, such increases may not berecorded. Accordingly, such increases may not be netted against impairments at other reporting units. The requirements for assessing whether goodwillhas been impaired involve market-based information. This information, and its use in assessing goodwill, entails some degree of subjective assessment. We currently perform our annual impairment testing as of October 1 and any impairment charges resulting from this process are reported in thefourth quarter. We segregate our operations into reporting units based on the degree of operating and financial independence of each unit and our relatedmanagement of them. We perform our annual goodwill impairment testing at the reporting unit level. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events orcircumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of one of our reporting units is greater than its carrying value. If,after completing such assessment, we determine it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, thenthere is no need to perform any further testing. If we conclude otherwise, then we perform the first step of a two-step impairment test by calculating thefair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying value of the reporting unit.52 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20122. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) We estimate the fair value of the reporting unit based on two market approaches and an income approach, which utilizes discounted future cashflows. Assumptions critical to the fair value estimates under the discounted cash flow model include discount rates, cash flow projections, projectedlong-term growth rates and the determination of terminal values. The market approaches utilized market multiples of invested capital from comparablepublicly traded companies ("public company approach") and comparable transactions ("transaction approach"). The market multiples from investedcapital include revenue, book equity plus debt and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). We amortize identifiable intangible assets with finite lives over their useful lives. Changes in strategy and/or market condition may result inadjustments to recorded intangible asset balances.Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets are comprised principally of goodwill, identifiable intangible assets, property and equipment, and deferred income tax assets. Weperiodically evaluate whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate that the remaining balances of these assets may not be recoverable.We use estimates of future income from operations and cash flows, as well as other economic and business factors, to assess the recoverability of theseassets.Acquisitions We recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, including contingent assets and liabilities, based on fair valueestimates as of the date of acquisition. Contingent Consideration—In certain acquisitions, we agree to pay additional amounts to sellers contingent upon achievement by the acquiredbusinesses of certain predetermined profitability targets. We have recognized liabilities for these contingent obligations based on their estimated fairvalue at the date of acquisition with any differences between the acquisition date fair value and the ultimate settlement of the obligations beingrecognized in income from operations. Contingent Assets and Liabilities—Assets and liabilities arising from contingencies are recognized at their acquisition date fair value when theirrespective fair values can be determined. If the fair values of such contingencies cannot be determined, they are recognized at the acquisition date if thecontingencies are probable and an amount can be reasonably estimated. Acquisition date fair value estimates are revised as necessary if, and when,additional information regarding these contingencies becomes available to further define and quantify assets acquired and liabilities assumed.Self-Insurance Liabilities We are substantially self-insured for workers' compensation, employer's liability, auto liability, general liability and employee group health claims,in view of the relatively high per-incident deductibles we absorb under our insurance arrangements for these risks. Losses up to deductible amounts areestimated and accrued based upon known facts, historical trends and industry averages. Loss estimates associated with the larger and longer-developingrisks—workers' compensation, auto53 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20122. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)liability and general liability—are reviewed by a third-party actuary quarterly. Our self-insurance arrangements are further discussed in Note 12"Commitments and Contingencies."Warranty Costs We typically warrant labor for the first year after installation on new HVAC systems. We generally warrant labor for thirty days after servicing ofexisting HVAC systems. A reserve for warranty costs is estimated and recorded based upon the historical level of warranty claims and management'sestimate of future costs.Income Taxes We are subject to income tax in the United States and Puerto Rico and file a consolidated return for federal income tax purposes. Income taxes areprovided for under the liability method, which takes into account differences between financial statement treatment and tax treatment of certaintransactions. Deferred income taxes are based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The deferred income taxprovision represents the change during the reporting period in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, net of the effect of acquisitions anddispositions. Deferred tax assets include tax loss and credit carryforwards and are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it ismore likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We regularly evaluate valuation allowances established for deferred tax assets for which future realization is uncertain. We perform this evaluationquarterly. Estimations of required valuation allowances include estimates of future taxable income. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets isdependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the activity underlying these assets becomes deductible. Weconsider projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. If actual future taxable income is less than the estimates,we may not realize all or a portion of the recorded deferred tax assets. Significant judgment is required in assessing the timing and amounts of deductible and taxable items. We establish reserves when, despite ourbelief that our tax return positions are fully supportable, we believe that certain positions may be challenged and potentially disallowed. When facts andcircumstances change, we adjust these reserves through our provision for income taxes. To the extent interest and penalties may be assessed by taxing authorities on any underpayment of income tax, such amounts have been accruedand are classified as a component of income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.Segment Disclosure Our activities are within the mechanical services industry, which is the single industry segment we serve. Each operating subsidiary represents anoperating segment and these segments have been aggregated, as the operating units meet all of the aggregation criteria.54 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20122. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)Concentrations of Credit Risk We provide services in a broad range of geographic regions. Our credit risk primarily consists of receivables from a variety of customers includinggeneral contractors, property owners and developers and commercial and industrial companies. We are subject to potential credit risk related to changesin business and economic factors throughout the United States within the nonresidential construction industry. However, we are entitled to payment forwork performed and have certain lien rights in that work. Further, we believe that our contract acceptance, billing and collection policies are adequate tomanage potential credit risk. We regularly review our accounts receivable and estimate an allowance for uncollectible amounts. We have a diversecustomer base, with no single customer accounting for more than 3% of consolidated 2012 revenue.Financial Instruments Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, notes to former ownersand a revolving credit facility. We believe that the carrying values of these instruments on the accompanying balance sheets approximate their fairvalues.New Accounting Pronouncements On January 1, 2012, we adopted the accounting pronouncement updating existing guidance on comprehensive income. This guidance eliminatesthe option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, which was ourprevious presentation. It requires companies to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income and the components of othercomprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In the continuousstatement approach which we have adopted, total net income and its components are presented followed continuously by total other comprehensiveincome, its components and the total of comprehensive income. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have any effect on our financial conditionor results of operations, though it did change our financial statement presentation.3. Fair Value Measurements We classify and disclose assets and liabilities carried at fair value in one of the following three categories:•Level 1—quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; •Level 2—observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data; and •Level 3—significant unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its ownassumptions.55 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20123. Fair Value Measurements (Continued) The following table summarizes the fair values, and levels within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall, for assets andliabilities measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly rated money market funds at a variety of well-known institutions with original maturities ofthree months or less. The original cost of these assets approximates fair value due to their short term maturity. One of our operations has life insurance policies covering 26 employees with a combined face value of $30.1 million. The policy is invested inmutual funds and the fair value measurement is determined using level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy and will vary with investmentperformance. The cash surrender value of these policies is $2.5 million as of December 31, 2012 and $2.2 million as of December 31, 2011. Theseassets are included in "Other Noncurrent Assets" in our consolidated balance sheets. We value contingent earn-out obligations using a probability weighted discounted cash flow method. This fair value measurement is based onsignificant unobservable inputs in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. This analysis reflects thecontractual terms of the purchase agreements (e.g., minimum and maximum payments, length of earn-out periods, manner of calculating any amountsdue, etc.) and utilizes assumptions with regard to future cash flows, probabilities of achieving such future cash flows and a discount rate. The contingentearn-out obligations are measured at fair value each reporting period and changes in estimates of fair value are recognized in earnings. The table below presents a reconciliation of the fair value of our contingent earn-out obligations that use significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)(in thousands). We measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are recognized at fair value when they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. During the year ended56 Fair Value Measurements atReporting Date Using BalanceDecember 31, 2012 Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1) SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3) Cash and cash equivalents $40,757 $40,757 $— $— Life insurance—cash surrender value $2,477 $— $2,477 $— Contingent earn-out obligations $1,966 $— $— $1,966 December 31,2012 December 31,2011 Balance at beginning of year $2,488 $7,466 Issuances 140 550 Adjustments to fair value (662) (5,528) Balance at end of year $1,966 $2,488 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20123. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)December 31, 2012, no goodwill or other intangible asset impairments were recorded. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded agoodwill impairment charge of $57.3 million based on Level 3 measurements. See Note 6 "Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net" for furtherdiscussion. We did not recognize any other impairments on those assets required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.4. AcquisitionsAcquisition of EAS On November 2, 2011, we acquired a 60% majority interest in Environmental Air Systems, LLC ("EAS"). EAS is a regional mechanicalcontractor with principal offices in Greensboro and Raleigh, North Carolina. EAS engages in a broad range of mechanical contracting projects, HVACservice and controls, and sophisticated prefabrication of mechanical systems, in North Carolina, South Carolina and throughout the Atlantic region. Theacquisition date fair value of consideration transferred was $30.4 million, of which $15.7 million was allocated to goodwill. See Note 6 "Goodwill andIdentifiable Intangible Assets, Net."Acquisition of ColonialWebb On July 28, 2010, we entered into a stock purchase agreement to purchase all of the issued and outstanding stock of ColonialWebb ContractorsCompany ("ColonialWebb"). ColonialWebb operates as a comprehensive, single-source construction, service, manufacturing and refrigeration servicefirm servicing the Mid-Atlantic region. ColonialWebb is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia with seven other locations. The acquisition date fair valueof consideration transferred was $110.3 million, of which $49.9 million was allocated to goodwill. See Note 6 "Goodwill and Identifiable IntangibleAssets, Net" for discussion of the goodwill impairment of ColonialWebb recorded during 2011.Other Acquisitions We completed various acquisitions from 2010 to 2012, which were not material, individually or in the aggregate, and were "tucked-in" withexisting operations. Our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 includes preliminary allocations of the purchase price to the assetsacquired and liabilities assumed based on estimates of fair value, pending completion of final valuation and purchase price adjustments. The results ofoperations of acquisitions are included in our consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates. Additional contingent purchaseprice ("earn-out") has been or will be paid if certain acquisitions achieve predetermined profitability targets. The total purchase price for theseacquisitions, including earn-outs, was $14.2 million in 2012, $2.9 million in 2011 and $4.8 million in 2010.5. Discontinued Operations During the fourth quarter of 2012, we substantially completed the shutdown of our operation located in Delaware which we decided to curtailoperating in the fourth quarter of 2011. During 2011, we impaired the intangible assets of $1.6 million associated with this operation as a result of thisdecision. During 2010, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $5.7 million. The after tax income57 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20125. Discontinued Operations (Continued)for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $0.1 million and the after tax losses of this operation were $4.0 million and $6.5 million for the years endedDecember 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. These results have been recorded in discontinued operations under "Operating income (loss), net of taxexpense (benefit)." In addition, we recorded after tax income of $0.3 million associated with the reduction of estimated liabilities associated with the sale and shutdownof previous discontinued operations. These amounts are reflected in discontinued operations under "Operating income (loss), net of tax expense(benefit)" in addition to those mentioned above. Our consolidated statements of operations and the related earnings per share amounts have been restated to reflect the effects of the discontinuedoperations. No interest expense is allocated to discontinued operations. Revenue and pre-tax income (loss) related to discontinued operations are as follows (in thousands):6. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, NetGoodwill The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows (in thousands): We perform our annual impairment testing on October 1, or more frequently, if events and circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred.As discussed in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," we have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determinewhether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value. During our annual impairment testing on October 1, we opted to perform a quantitative assessment where the fair value of each reporting unit wasestimated using a discounted cash flow model combined with market valuation approaches. We assigned a weighting of 50% to the discounted cashflow analysis, 40% to the public company approach and 10% to the transaction approach for the year ended December 31, 2012. In certain instances,there was no weighting assigned to the transaction58 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Revenue $4,668 $23,366 $44,762 Pre-tax income (loss) $567 $(6,727)$(11,380) December 31,2012 December 31,2011 Balance at beginning of year $107,093 $147,818 Additions (See Note 4) 7,495 16,629 Impairment adjustment — (57,354) Balance at end of year $114,588 $107,093 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20126. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net (Continued)approach due to a lack of comparable market data and a weighting of 50% was assigned to the public company approach for those impacted reportingunits. There was no impairment of goodwill as a result of our annual goodwill impairment test in 2012. We also did not encounter any events or changesin circumstances that indicated an impairment was more likely than not during interim periods in 2012. As of October 1, 2012, the fair value exceeded the carrying value by a significant margin for the 23 reporting units with a goodwill balance. During 2011 and 2010, the fair value of each reporting unit was estimated using a discounted cash flow model combined with market valuationapproaches. We assigned a weighting of 50% to the discounted cash flow analysis and 50% to the public company approach for the year endedDecember 31, 2011. There was no weighting assigned to the transaction approach due to the lack of comparable market data in 2011. We assigned aweighting of 50% to the discounted cash flow analysis, 40% to the public company approach and 10% to the transaction approach for the year endedDecember 31, 2010. We recorded a goodwill impairment of $57.3 million during 2011 related to four reporting units serving the Virginia, Marylandand North Carolina markets. During 2010, we recorded a goodwill impairment of $5.7 million related to our Delaware location, which is included indiscontinued operations. There are significant inherent uncertainties and management judgment involved in estimating the fair value of each reporting unit. While we believewe have made reasonable estimates and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our reporting units, it is possible that a material change could occur. Ifactual results are not consistent with our current estimates and assumptions, or the current economic downturn worsens or the projected recovery issignificantly delayed beyond our projections, goodwill impairment charges may be recorded in future periods.Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net Identifiable intangible assets consist of the following (dollars in thousands): The amounts attributable to customer relationships, noncompete agreements and tradenames are being amortized to "Selling, General andAdministrative Expenses" on a pattern of economic benefit or a straight-line method over periods from two to twenty-five years. The amountsattributable to backlog are being amortized to "Cost of Services" on a proportionate method over the remaining backlog period. Amortization expensefor the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $8.8 million, $7.1 million and $5.8 million, respectively.59 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2011 EstimatedUseful Livesin Years Gross BookValue AccumulatedAmortization Gross BookValue AccumulatedAmortization Customer relationships 2 - 15 $40,404 $(15,579)$36,351 $(9,880)Backlog 1 - 2 6,515 (6,375) 5,890 (4,999)Noncompete agreements 2 - 7 2,890 (2,380) 2,890 (1,932)Tradenames 2 - 25 23,695 (4,655) 23,370 (3,341) Total $73,504 $(28,989)$68,501 $(20,152) Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20126. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net (Continued) At December 31, 2012, future amortization expense of identifiable intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):7. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist of the following (dollars in thousands): Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $11.7 million, $11.9 million and $10.9 million, respectively.60Year ended December 31— 2013 $7,120 2014 6,106 2015 4,873 2016 3,748 2017 2,997 Thereafter 19,671 Total $44,515 December 31, EstimatedUseful Livesin Years 2012 2011 Land — $2,404 $2,282 Transportation equipment 2 - 10 38,352 34,590 Machinery and equipment 2 - 15 21,670 21,037 Computer and telephone equipment 2 - 10 18,481 17,329 Buildings and leasehold improvements 1 - 39 24,438 23,083 Furniture and fixtures 3 - 10 4,741 4,879 110,086 103,200 Less—Accumulated depreciation (68,670) (61,507) Property and equipment, net $41,416 $41,693 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20128. Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts Activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts consists of the following (in thousands): Other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): Contracts in progress are as follows (in thousands):61 December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Balance at beginning of year $4,615 $5,029 $7,200 Additions for bad debt expense 2,753 214 340 Deductions for uncollectible receivables written off, net of recoveries (1,090) (770) (2,689)Allowance for doubtful accounts of acquired companies at date ofacquisition 55 142 178 Balance at end of year $6,333 $4,615 $5,029 December 31, 2012 2011 Accrued warranty costs $6,781 $8,234 Accrued job losses 2,137 1,777 Accrued rent and lease obligations 673 2,793 Accrued sales and use tax 1,710 1,494 Deferred revenue 1,143 1,592 Liabilities due to former owners 2,349 — Other current liabilities 12,284 13,959 $27,077 $29,849 December 31, 2012 2011 Costs incurred on contracts in progress $1,182,085 $1,071,406 Estimated earnings, net of losses 134,534 132,096 Less—Billings to date (1,364,229) (1,247,535) $(47,610)$(44,033) Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings $26,204 $26,602 Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings (73,814) (70,635) $(47,610)$(44,033) Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20129. Long-Term Debt Obligations Long-term debt obligations consist of the following (in thousands): At December 31, 2012, future principal payments of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): Interest expense included the following primary elements (in thousands):Revolving Credit Facility On September 23, 2011, we amended our $125.0 million senior credit facility (the "Facility") provided by a syndicate of banks. The Facility,which is available for borrowings and letters of credit, expires in September 2016 and is secured by the capital stock of our current and futuresubsidiaries. As of December 31, 2012, we had no outstanding borrowings, $48.2 million in letters of credit outstanding, and $76.8 million of creditavailable.62 December 31, 2012 2011 Revolving credit facility $— $— Other debt 2,400 2,700 Notes to former owners 5,000 12,681 Total debt 7,400 15,381 Less—current portion (300) (632) Total long-term portion of debt $7,100 $14,749 Year ended December 31— 2013 $300 2014 5,300 2015 300 2016 300 2017 300 Thereafter 900 $7,400 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Interest expense on notes to former owners $255 $795 $627 Interest expense on borrowings and unused commitment fees 444 243 287 Letter of credit fees 667 622 447 Amortization of debt financing costs 229 226 338 Total $1,595 $1,886 $1,699 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20129. Long-Term Debt Obligations (Continued)Collateral A common practice in our industry is the posting of payment and performance bonds with customers. These bonds are offered by financialinstitutions known as sureties, and provide assurance to the customer that in the event we encounter significant financial or operational difficulties, thesurety will arrange for the completion of our contractual obligations and for the payment of our vendors on the projects subject to the bonds. Incooperation with our lenders, we granted our sureties a first lien on assets such as receivables, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, andequipment specifically identifiable to projects for which bonds are outstanding, as collateral for potential obligations under bonds. As of December 31,2012, the book value of these assets was approximately $74.2 million.Covenants and Restrictions The Facility contains financial covenants defining various financial measures and the levels of these measures with which we must comply.Covenant compliance is assessed as of each quarter end. Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA is defined under the Facility for financial covenant purposesas net earnings for the four quarters ending as of any given quarterly covenant compliance measurement date, plus the corresponding amounts for(a) interest expense; (b) income taxes; (c) depreciation and amortization; (d) other non-cash charges and (e) pre-acquisition results of acquiredcompanies. The following is a reconciliation of Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA to net income (in thousands): The Facility's principal financial covenants include: Leverage Ratio— The Facility requires that the ratio of our Consolidated Total Indebtedness to our Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA notexceed 3.00 through December 31, 2013, 2.75 through June 30, 2014 and 2.50 through maturity. The leverage ratio as of December 31, 2012was 0.15. Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio— The Facility requires that the ratio of Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA, less non-financed capitalexpenditures, tax provision, dividends and amounts used to repurchase stock to the sum of interest expense and scheduled principal payments ofindebtedness be at least 2.00; provided that the calculation of the fixed charge coverage ratio excludes stock repurchases and the payment ofdividends at any time that the Company's Net Leverage Ratio does not exceed 2.00 through December 31, 2013, 1.50 through June 30, 2014and 1.00 through maturity. Capital expenditures, tax provision, dividends and stock repurchase payments are defined63Net income including noncontrolling interests $11,849 Income taxes—continuing operations 10,045 Interest expense, net 1,571 Depreciation and amortization expense 20,630 Stock compensation expense 2,797 Income taxes—discontinued operations 212 EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests 275 Pre-acquisition results of acquired companies, as defined under the Facility 730 Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA $48,109 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20129. Long-Term Debt Obligations (Continued)under the Facility for purposes of this covenant to be amounts for the four quarters ending as of any given quarterly covenant compliancemeasurement date. The fixed charge coverage ratio as of December 31, 2012 was 16.31. Other Restrictions— The Facility permits acquisitions of up to $15.0 million per transaction, provided that the aggregate purchase price ofsuch an acquisition and of acquisitions in the preceding 12 month period does not exceed $30.0 million. However, these limitations only applywhen the Company's Net Leverage Ratio is equal to or greater than 2.00. While the Facility's financial covenants do not specifically govern capacity under the Facility, if our debt level under the Facility at a quarter-endcovenant compliance measurement date were to cause us to violate the Facility's leverage ratio covenant, our borrowing capacity under the Facility andthe favorable terms that we currently have could be negatively impacted by the lenders. We are in compliance with all of our financial covenants as of December 31, 2012.Interest Rates and Fees There are two interest rate options for borrowings under the Facility, the Base Rate Loan Option and the Eurodollar Rate Loan Option. Under theBase Rate Loan Option, the interest rate is determined based on the highest of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, the prime lending rate offered byWells Fargo Bank, N.A. or the one-month Eurodollar Rate plus 1.00%. Under the Eurodollar Rate Loan Option, the interest rate is determined based onthe one- to six-month Eurodollar Rate. The Eurodollar Rate corresponds very closely to rates described in various general business media sources as theLondon Interbank Offered Rate or "LIBOR." Additional margins are then added to these rates. The additional margins are determined based on the ratioof our Consolidated Total Indebtedness as of a given quarter end to our "Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA" for the twelve months ending as of thatquarter end, as defined in the credit agreement and shown below. The interest rates under the Facility are floating rates determined by the broad financial markets, meaning they can and do move up and down fromtime to time. For illustrative purposes, the following are the respective market rates as of December 31, 2012 relating to interest options under theFacility: Certain of our vendors require letters of credit to ensure reimbursement for amounts they are disbursing on our behalf, such as to beneficiariesunder our self-funded insurance programs. We have also occasionally used letters of credit to guarantee performance under our contracts and to ensurepayment to our subcontractors and vendors under those contracts. Our lenders issue such letters of credit through the Facility. A letter of credit commitsthe lenders to pay specified amounts to the holder of the letter of credit if the holder demonstrates that we have failed to perform specified64Base Rate Loan Option: Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% 0.67%Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Prime Rate 3.25%One-month LIBOR plus 1.00% 1.21%Eurodollar Rate Loan Option: One-month LIBOR 0.21%Six-month LIBOR 0.51% Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 20129. Long-Term Debt Obligations (Continued)actions. If this were to occur, we would be required to reimburse the lenders for amounts they fund to honor the letter of credit holder's claim. Absent aclaim, there is no payment or reserving of funds by us in connection with a letter of credit. However, because a claim on a letter of credit would requireimmediate reimbursement by us to our lenders, letters of credit are treated as a use of facility capacity just the same as actual borrowings. We have neverhad a claim made against a letter of credit that resulted in payments by a lender or by us and believe such claim is unlikely in the foreseeable future. Commitment fees are payable on the portion of the revolving loan capacity not in use for borrowings or letters of credit at any given time. Letter ofcredit fees and commitment fees are based on the ratio of Consolidated Total Indebtedness to Credit Facility Adjusted EBITDA. We estimate that the interest rate applicable to the borrowings under the Facility would be approximately 2.3% as of December 31, 2012. Weincurred approximately $0.5 million in financing and professional costs in connection with the arrangement of the Facility in 2011. These costs areamortized on a straight-line basis as a non-cash charge to interest expense over the term of the Facility.Notes to Former Owners We issued subordinated notes to the former owners of acquired companies as part of the consideration used to acquire these companies. Thesenotes had an outstanding balance of $5.0 million as of December 31, 2012 and bear interest, payable annually, at a weighted average interest rate of3.3%. The maturity date of the outstanding balance is July 2014.Other Debt In conjunction with our acquisition of ColonialWebb, we acquired $3.0 million of long-term debt related to an industrial revenue bond associatedwith its office building and warehouse. Currently, $2.4 million of this debt is outstanding. We have included both the $0.3 million current portion andthe $2.1 million long-term portion on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2012. The weighted average interest rate on this variable rate debt as ofDecember 31, 2012 was approximately 0.30%.65 Consolidated Total Indebtedness toCredit Facility Adjusted EBITDA Less than 0.75 0.75 to 1.25 1.25 to 2.00 2.00 to 2.50 2.50 or greater Additional Per AnnumInterest MarginAdded Under: Base Rate LoanOption 0.75% 1.00% 1.25% 1.50% 1.75%Eurodollar Rate LoanOption 1.75% 2.00% 2.25% 2.50% 2.75%Letter of credit fees 1.30% 1.50% 1.70% 1.90% 2.10%Commitment fees on anyportion of theRevolving Loancapacity not in use forborrowings or lettersof credit at any giventime 0.25% 0.30% 0.35% 0.45% 0.50% Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201210. Income TaxesProvision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes relating to continuing operations consists of the following (in thousands): The difference in income taxes provided for and the amounts determined by applying the federal statutory tax rate to income before income taxesresults from the following (in thousands):66 December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Current— Federal $5,679 $2,207 $9,474 State and Puerto Rico 1,151 1,673 1,954 6,830 3,880 11,428 Deferred— Federal 2,897 (10,121) 1,501 State and Puerto Rico 318 778 (1,736) 3,215 (9,343) (235) $10,045 $(5,463)$11,193 December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Income tax expense (benefit) at the statutory rate $7,539 $(13,278)$11,115 Changes resulting from— State income taxes, net of federal tax effect 1,011 (1,972) 924 Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance 455 3,431 (846)Increase in contingency reserves 198 28 95 Increase (decrease) from noncontrolling interests 565 (118) — Non-deductible expenses 481 386 452 Production activity deduction (378) — (391)Goodwill impairment — 9,223 — Purchase accounting adjustments (210) (2,992) — Other 384 (171) (156) $10,045 $(5,463)$11,193 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201210. Income Taxes (Continued)Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) Significant components of the net deferred tax assets and net deferred tax liabilities as reflected on the balance sheet are as follows (in thousands): The deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflected above are included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):67 Year EndedDecember 31, 2012 2011 Deferred income tax assets— Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts $2,293 $1,692 Goodwill — 4,519 Stock compensation 2,444 2,583 Accrued liabilities and expenses 19,661 20,809 State net operating loss carryforwards 4,668 4,604 Other 1,224 1,186 Total deferred income tax assets 30,290 35,393 Deferred income tax liabilities— Property and equipment (5,357) (5,828)Long-term contracts (306) (237)Goodwill (1,124) — Intangible assets (3,932) (4,762)Tax accounting method change (Section 481 adjustments) — (2,978)Other (1,131) (671) Total deferred income tax liabilities (11,850) (14,476) Less—Valuation allowance (4,453) (3,999) Net deferred income tax assets $13,987 $16,918 December 31, 2012 2011 Deferred income tax assets— Prepaid expenses and other $19,952 $19,294 Other noncurrent assets 2,324 2,594 Total deferred income tax assets $22,276 $21,888 Deferred income tax liabilities— Other current liabilities $335 $328 Deferred income tax liabilities 7,954 4,642 Total deferred income tax liabilities $8,289 $4,970 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201210. Income Taxes (Continued) As of December 31, 2012, we had $4.9 million of future tax benefits related to $99.9 million of available state and Puerto Rican net operating losscarryforwards ("NOLs") which expire between 2013 and 2032. A valuation allowance of $4.5 million has been recorded against net deferred tax assetsof state and Puerto Rican NOLs and other state and Puerto Rican deferred tax assets. We recorded an increase in valuation allowances of $0.5 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2012. A deferred tax asset for state NOLs, net of related valuation allowance, of $1.9 million reflects our conclusionthat it is likely that this asset will be realized based upon expected future earnings in certain subsidiaries. We update this assessment of the realizabilityof deferred tax assets relating to state net NOLs annually. A return to profitability in our entities with valuation allowances on their NOL's and deferredtax assets would result in a reversal of a portion of the valuation allowance relating to realized deferred tax assets. A sustained period of profitabilitycould cause a change in our judgment of the remaining deferred tax assets. If that were to occur then it is likely that we would reverse some or all of theremaining deferred tax asset valuation allowance. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, approximately $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized infuture periods, would impact our effective tax rate. This liability is included in "Other Long-Term Liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets. We donot expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months. We recognize potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. We recognized $0.4 million in interestduring the year ended December 31, 2012. We did not recognize any interest or penalties during the year ended December 31, 2011. We had accruedapproximately $0.7 million and $0.3 million for the payment of interest and penalties at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Our tax records aresubject to review by the Internal Revenue Service for the 2009 tax year forward and by various state authorities for the 2004 tax year forward. We arecurrently under examination for our U.S. federal income taxes for the 2009 tax year.Liabilities for Uncertain Tax Positions A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):68 Year EndedDecember 31, 2012 2011 2010 Balance at beginning of year $696 $696 $634 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year — — 189 Additions for tax positions of prior years — — — Reductions for tax positions of prior years (197) — (127)Settlements — — — Balance at end of year $499 $696 $696 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201211. Employee Benefit Plans We and certain of our subsidiaries sponsor various retirement plans for most full-time and some part-time employees. These plans primarilyconsist of defined contribution plans. The defined contribution plans generally provide for contributions up to 2.5% of covered employees' salaries orwages. These contributions totaled $5.2 million in 2012, $5.1 million in 2011 and $4.3 million in 2010. Of these amounts, approximately $0.1 millionwas payable to the plans at December 31, 2012 and 2011. Certain of our subsidiaries also participate or have participated in various multi-employer pension plans for the benefit of employees who are unionmembers. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we had 5 and 7 employees, respectively, who were union members. There were no contributions madeto multi-employer pension plans in 2012, 2011 or 2010. The data available from administrators of other multi-employer pension plans is not sufficientto determine the accumulated benefit obligations, nor the net assets attributable to the multi-employer plans in which our employees participate orpreviously participated. Certain individuals at one of our operations are entitled to receive fixed annual payments that reach a maximum amount, as specified in the relatedagreements, for a 15 year period following retirement or, in some cases, the attainment of 65 years of age. We recognize the unfunded status of the planas a non-current liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Benefits vest 50% after ten years of service, 75% after fifteen years of service and are fullyvested after 20 years of service. We had an unfunded benefit liability of $3.0 million and $2.8 million recorded as of December 31, 2012 and 2011,respectively.12. Commitments and ContingenciesLeases We lease certain facilities and equipment under noncancelable operating leases. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and2010 was $15.2 million, $12.0 million, and $12.8 million, respectively. We recognize escalating rental payments that are quantifiable at the inception ofthe lease on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Concurrent with the acquisitions of certain companies, we entered into various agreements withprevious owners to lease buildings used in our operations. The terms of these leases generally range from three to ten years and certain leases providefor escalations in the rental expenses each year, the majority of which are based on inflation. Included in the 2012, 2011 and 2010 rent expense aboveare approximately $3.4 million, $2.2 million and $2.3 million of rent paid to these related parties, respectively. The following represents future minimum rental payments under noncancelable operating leases (in thousands):69Year ended December 31— 2013 $10,608 2014 7,903 2015 5,912 2016 4,409 2017 3,177 Thereafter 5,005 $37,014 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201212. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)Claims and Lawsuits We are subject to certain legal and regulatory claims, including lawsuits arising in the normal course of business. We maintain various insurancecoverages to minimize financial risk associated with these claims. We have estimated and provided accruals for probable losses and related legal feesassociated with certain litigation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. While we cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, inmanagement's opinion and based on reports of counsel, any liability arising from these matters individually and in the aggregate will not have a materialeffect on our operating results or financial condition, after giving effect to provisions already recorded. In December 2011, we received a letter from Ferguson Enterprises, Inc. ("Ferguson"), a distributor of plumbing supplies and pipe, in whichFerguson stated that it had unintentionally supplied us with gaskets that were mislabeled by a former supplier as being non-asbestos. Ferguson currentlystates that we bought approximately 34,000 gaskets that might have been mislabeled. Ferguson further disclosed that four Ferguson customers hadfound asbestos in gaskets above the 1% level at which they can be classified as non-asbestos. No reasonable estimate of liability, if any, is possible atthis time.Surety Many customers, particularly in connection with new construction, require us to post performance and payment bonds issued by a financialinstitution known as a surety. If we fail to perform under the terms of a contract or to pay subcontractors and vendors who provided goods or servicesunder a contract, the customer may demand that the surety make payments or provide services under the bond. We must reimburse the surety for anyexpenses or outlays it incurs. To date, we are not aware of any losses to our sureties in connection with bonds the sureties have posted on our behalf,and do not expect such losses to be incurred in the foreseeable future. Surety market conditions are currently challenging as a result of significant losses incurred by many sureties in recent periods, both in theconstruction industry as well as in certain larger corporate bankruptcies. As a result, less bonding capacity is available in the market and terms havebecome more restrictive. Further, under standard terms in the surety market, sureties issue bonds on a project-by-project basis, and can decline to issuebonds at any time. Historically, approximately 25% to 35% of our business has required bonds. While we have strong surety relationships to supportour bonding needs, current market conditions as well as changes in the sureties' assessment of our operating and financial risk could cause the suretiesto decline to issue bonds for our work. If that were to occur, the alternatives include doing more business that does not require bonds, posting otherforms of collateral for project performance such as letters of credit or cash, and seeking bonding capacity from other sureties. We would likely alsoencounter concerns from customers, suppliers and other market participants as to our creditworthiness. While we believe our general operating andfinancial characteristics, including a significant amount of cash on our balance sheet, would enable us to ultimately respond effectively to an interruptionin the availability of bonding capacity, such an interruption would likely cause our revenue and profits to decline in the near term.70 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201212. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)Self-Insurance We are substantially self-insured for workers' compensation, employer's liability, auto liability, general liability and employee group health claims,in view of the relatively high per-incident deductibles we absorb under our insurance arrangements for these risks. Losses up to deductible amounts areestimated and accrued based upon known facts, historical trends and industry averages. Loss estimates associated with the larger and longer-developingrisks, such as workers' compensation, auto liability and general liability, are reviewed by a third-party actuary quarterly. Our self-insurance arrangements currently are as follows: Workers' Compensation— The per-incident deductible for workers' compensation is $500,000. Losses above $500,000 are determined bystatutory rules on a state-by-state basis, and are fully covered by excess workers' compensation insurance. Employer's Liability— For employer's liability, the per incident deductible is $500,000. We are fully insured for the next $500,000 of eachloss, and then have several layers of excess loss insurance policies that cover losses up to $100 million in aggregate across this risk area (as wellas general liability and auto liability noted below). General Liability— For general liability, the per incident deductible is $500,000. We are fully insured for the next $1.5 million of each loss,and then have several layers of excess loss insurance policies that cover losses up to $100 million in aggregate across this risk area (as well asemployer's liability noted above and auto liability noted below). Auto Liability— For auto liability, the per incident deductible is $500,000. We are fully insured for the next $1.5 million of each loss, andthen have several layers of excess loss insurance policies that cover losses up to $100 million in aggregate across this risk area (as well asemployer's liability and general liability noted above). Employee Medical— We have two medical plans. The deductible for employee group health claims is $300,000 per person, per policy(calendar) year for each plan. Insurance then covers any responsibility for medical claims in excess of the deductible amount. Our $100 million of aggregate excess loss coverage above applicable per-incident deductibles represents one policy limit that applies to alllines of risk; we do not have a separate $100 million of excess loss coverage for each of general liability, employer's liability and auto liability. Companies acquired may have a self-insurance plan in place on the date of acquisition. Generally, the acquired company will remain on a separatepolicy until the end of the coverage period upon which the acquired company will join the aforementioned self-insurance policy.13. Stockholders' EquityLong-Term Incentive Plan for Employees In May 2006, our stockholders approved the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2006 Plan") which provides for the granting of incentive or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights,71 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201213. Stockholders' Equity (Continued)restricted or deferred stock, dividend equivalents or other incentive awards to directors, employees and consultants. The number of shares authorizedand reserved for issuance under the 2006 Plan is 3,200,000 shares. As of December 31, 2012, there were 0.7 million shares available for issuanceunder this plan; however, following adoption of the 2012 Plan (described below), no additional shares will be issued under the 2006 Plan. The 2006Plan will expire in May 2016.Non-Employee Directors' Stock Plan In May 2008, our stockholders approved our Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "2006Directors Plan"), which provides for the granting of restricted stock to non-employee directors. The number of shares authorized and reserved forissuance under the 2006 Directors Plan is 300,000 shares. As of December 31, 2012, there were 0.1 million shares available for issuance under thisplan; however, following adoption of the 2012 Plan (described below), no additional shares will be issued under the 2006 Directors Plan. The 2006Directors Plan will expire in May 2016. Under the 2006 Directors Plan, each participant who has served since at least the previous annual meeting and is continuing in office and eachnewly elected non-employee director will be awarded an award covering 10,000 shares (which will be the maximum number of shares of CommonStock subject to awards that may be granted to any participant in the aggregate in any calendar year). Stock options were granted under the 2006 Directors Plan before it was amended in 2008. We have never altered the price of any option after itsgrant.2012 Equity Incentive Plan In May 2012, our stockholders approved our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2012 Plan"), which provides for the granting of incentive or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted or deferred stock, dividend equivalents or other incentive awards to directors, employees, orconsultants. The number of shares authorized and reserved for issuance under the 2012 Plan is 5,100,000 shares. As of December 31, 2012, there were5.1 million shares available for issuance under this plan. The 2012 Plan will expire in May 2022.Share Repurchase Program On March 29, 2007, our Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program to acquire up to 1.0 million shares of ouroutstanding common stock. Subsequently, the Board has from time to time approved extensions of the program to acquire additional shares. Since theinception of the repurchase program, the Board has approved 6.6 million shares to be repurchased. The share repurchases will be made from time to time at our discretion in the open market or privately negotiated transactions as permitted bysecurities laws and other legal requirements, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The Board may modify, suspend, extend or terminatethe program at any time. We repurchased 0.3 million shares for the year ended December 31, 2012 at an average price of $9.97 per share. Since theinception of the program in 2007 and as of December 31, 2012, we have repurchased a cumulative total of 5.9 million shares at an average price of$10.93 per share.72 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201213. Stockholders' Equity (Continued)Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstandingduring the year. Diluted EPS is computed considering the dilutive effect of stock options, contingently issuable restricted stock and restricted stockunits. The vesting of unvested contingently issuable restricted stock is based on the achievement of certain earnings per share targets. These shares areconsidered contingently issuable shares for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share. These shares are not included in the diluted earnings pershare denominator until the performance criteria are met, if it is assumed that the end of the reporting period was the end of the contingency period. Unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units are included in diluted earnings per share, weighted outstanding until the shares and units vest.Upon vesting, the vested restricted stock and restricted stock units are included in basic earnings per share weighted outstanding from the vesting date. There were approximately 1.0 million and 0.5 million anti-dilutive stock options excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS for the years endedDecember 31, 2012 and 2010, respectively. Assuming dilution, approximately 0.7 million anti-dilutive stock options were excluded from the calculationof diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2011. The effect of 0.2 million of common stock equivalents have been excluded from the calculationof diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2011, due to our net loss position in this period. The following table reconciles the number of shares outstanding with the number of shares used in computing basic and diluted earnings per sharefor each of the periods presented (in thousands):14. Stock-Based Compensation We have various stock-based compensation plans which are administered by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors. Total stock-based compensation expense was $2.8 million,73 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Common shares outstanding, end of period(a) 37,069 37,050 37,532 Effect of using weighted average common shares outstanding 43 339 17 Shares used in computing earnings per share—basic 37,112 37,389 37,549 Effect of shares issuable under stock option plans based on the treasurystock method 87 — 241 Effect of contingently issuable restricted shares 60 — — Shares used in computing earnings per share—diluted 37,259 37,389 37,790 (a)Excludes 0.2 million, 0.4 million and 0.4 million shares of unvested contingently issuable restricted stock outstanding forthe years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively (see Note 14 "Stock-Based Compensation"). Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201214. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)$3.6 million and $3.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Total income tax benefit recognized for stock-basedcompensation arrangements was $1.0 million, $1.3 million and $1.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. Wepresent the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation costs ("excess tax benefits") as financing cash flows in the consolidatedstatements of cash flows. Upon the vesting of restricted shares, we have allowed the holder to elect to surrender an amount of shares to meet their minimum statutory taxwithholding requirements. These shares are accounted for as treasury stock based upon the value of the stock on the date of vesting.Stock Options The following table summarizes activity under our stock option plans (shares in thousands): The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $0.8 million, $0.5 million and$1.8 million, respectively. Stock options exercisable as of December 31, 2012 have a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 5.0 years and anaggregate intrinsic value of $1.0 million. As of December 31, 2012, we have 1.1 million options that are vested or expected to vest; these options have aweighted average exercise price of $11.59 per share, have a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 6.1 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of$1.2 million.74 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Stock Options Shares Weighted-AverageExercise Price Shares Weighted-AverageExercise Price Shares Weighted-AverageExercise Price Outstanding atbeginningof year 1,056 $10.84 1,061 $9.58 1,180 $7.77 Granted 190 $11.19 142 $13.87 146 $12.46 Exercised (103)$3.20 (66)$4.46 (184)$2.58 Forfeited — $— — $— (12)$12.32 Expired — $— (81)$4.82 (69)$2.88 Outstanding atend of year 1,143 $11.59 1,056 $10.84 1,061 $9.58 Optionsexercisableat end ofyear 810 762 756 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201214. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued) The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2012 (shares in thousands): The fair value of each option award is estimated, based on several assumptions, on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuationmodel. The fair values and the assumptions used for the 2012, 2011 and 2010 grants are shown in the table below: Stock options are accounted for as equity instruments, and compensation cost is recognized using the straight-line method over the vesting period.Stock options generally vest over a three-year vesting period. Certain stock option and restricted stock awards provide for accelerated vesting if theemployee retires at any time when the sum of their age and years of service is at least 75. As of December 31, 2012, the unrecognized compensationcost related to stock options was $0.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years. The total fair value ofoptions vested during the year ended December 31, 2012 was $0.7 million.75 Options Outstanding Weighted-AverageRemainingContractualLife Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices NumberOutstandingat 12/31/12 Weighted-AverageExercise Price NumberExercisableat 12/31/12 Weighted-AverageExercise Price $1.90 - $2.88 5 0.31 $1.90 5 $1.90 $6.38 - $7.94 129 2.17 $6.53 129 $6.53 $10.73 - $12.90 678 6.72 $11.66 440 $11.78 $13.15 - $15.03 331 6.43 $13.54 236 $13.41 $1.90 - $15.03 1,143 6.10 $11.59 810 $11.36 Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 Weighted-average fair value per share of options granted $4.03 $5.04 $4.61 Fair value assumptions: Expected dividend yield 1.86% 1.70% 1.73%Expected stock price volatility 46.5% 44.2% 44.4%Risk-free interest rate 1.17% 2.24% 2.65%Expected term 5.3 years 5.3 years 5.3 years Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201214. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued) The following table summarizes information about nonvested stock option awards as of December 31, 2012 and changes for the year endedDecember 31, 2012 (shares in thousands): We generally issue treasury shares for stock options and restricted stock, unless treasury shares are not available.Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes activity under our restricted stock plans (shares in thousands): Approximately $1.1 million of compensation expense related to restricted stock will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.8 years.The total fair value of shares vested during year ended December 31, 2012 was $3.0 million. The weighted-average fair value per share of restrictedstock shares awarded during 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $10.78, $11.29 and $12.26, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of restricted stock vestedduring the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $3.1 million, $2.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively.Performance Stock Units Certain equity awards for the year ended December 31, 2012 include dollar-denominated performance vesting restricted stock units. Theseperformance stock units include earnings per share and relative total shareholder return measurements and cliff vest at the end of a three-year period.These vesting conditions will be established at a future date and upon achievement of the necessary performance metrics, the award will be determinedin dollars and settled in stock based on the market price of the Company's common stock at the end of the performance period.76Stock Options Shares Weighted-AverageGrant DateFair Value Nonvested at December 31, 2011 294 $4.71 Granted 190 $4.03 Vested (151)$4.54 Forfeited — $— Nonvested at December 31, 2012 333 $4.40 Shares Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units 2012 2011 2010 Unvested at beginning of year 302 312 300 Granted 224 231 245 Vested (254) (241) (228)Forfeited — — (5) Unvested at end of year 272 302 312 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201215. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) Quarterly financial information for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share data):77 2012 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Revenue $326,902 $353,172 $335,241 $315,870 Gross profit 42,931 54,096 55,521 55,073 Operating income (loss) (3,003) 7,441 9,767 8,098 Income (loss) from continuing operations (2,431) 3,949 5,423 4,553 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (237) 98 (98) 592 Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interests (2,668) 4,047 5,325 5,145 Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (1,639) (421) (348) 794 Net income (loss) attributable to Comfort Systems USA, Inc. (1,029) 4,468 5,673 4,351 INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TOCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.: Basic— Income (loss) from continuing operations $(0.02)$0.12 $0.15 $0.10 Income (loss) from discontinued operations (0.01) — — 0.02 Net income (loss) $(0.03)$0.12 $0.15 $0.12 Diluted— Income (loss) from continuing operations $(0.02)$0.12 $0.15 $0.10 Income (loss) from discontinued operations (0.01) — — 0.02 Net income (loss) $(0.03)$0.12 $0.15 $0.12 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $(19,816)$6,793 $16,455 $27,078 Table of ContentsCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)December 31, 201215. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) (Continued) The sums of the individual quarterly earnings per share amounts do not necessarily agree with year-to-date earnings per share as each quarter'scomputation is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the quarter, the weighted average stock price during the quarter andthe dilutive effects of options and contingently issuable restricted stock in each quarter.16. Subsequent Events In late January 2013, the Company entered into an agreement to receive incremental compensation with regards to an ongoing claim it has beenpursuing for costs incurred as a result of accelerated work schedules on a large job located in Virginia. The Company is working to resolve a fewremaining open issues with its subcontractors. The Company currently expects to receive an estimated benefit during the first quarter of 2013 ofbetween $1.0 and $1.6 million of incremental gross profit arising out of this resolution.78 2011 Q1 Q2 Q3(a) Q4(a) Revenue $274,384 $306,417 $322,002 $313,851 Gross profit 34,164 47,895 49,006 50,465 Operating income (loss) (7,470) 6,815 (46,731) 4,745 Income (loss) from continuing operations (4,649) 4,172 (36,614) 4,617 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (521) (1,010) 45 (2,532)Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interests (5,170) 3,162 (36,569) 2,085 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests — — — 338 Net income (loss) attributable to Comfort Systems USA, Inc. (5,170) 3,162 (36,569) 1,747 INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TOCOMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC.: Basic— Income (loss) from continuing operations $(0.13)$0.11 $(0.98)$0.12 Income (loss) from discontinued operations (0.01) (0.03) — (0.07) Net income (loss) $(0.14)$0.08 $(0.98)$0.05 Diluted— Income (loss) from continuing operations $(0.13)$0.11 $(0.98)$0.12 Income (loss) from discontinued operations (0.01) (0.03) — (0.07) Net income (loss) $(0.14)$0.08 $(0.98)$0.05 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $(19,066)$(4,377)$1,478 $51,645 (a)Included in income are goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges of $55.1 million in the third quarter and$2.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2011. Table of ContentsITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None.ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our executive management is responsible for ensuring the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Wecarried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief FinancialOfficer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer andChief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934) are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.Internal Controls over Financial Reporting Management's report on our internal controls over financial reporting can be found in Item 8 of this report. The Independent Registered PublicAccounting Firm's Attestation Report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting can also be found in Item 8 of this report.Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the three months ended December 31, 2012 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materiallyaffect, internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 9B. Other Information None.PART III ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer, and our principal accounting officer,as well as to our other employees. This code of ethics consists of our Corporate Compliance Policy. The Company has made this code of ethicsavailable on our website, as described in Item 1 of this annual report on Form 10-K. If we make substantive amendments to this code of ethics or grantany waiver, including any implicit waiver, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website or in a report on Form 8-K withinfour business days of such amendment or waiver. The other information called for by this item has been omitted in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-K. The Company will file with theCommission a definitive proxy statement including the other information to be disclosed under this item in the 120 days following December 31, 2012and such information is hereby incorporated by reference.ITEMS 11, 12, 13 AND 14. These items have been omitted in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-K. The Company will file with the Commission a definitive proxystatement including the information to be disclosed under the items in the 120 days following December 31, 2012 and such information is herebyincorporated by reference.79 Table of ContentsPART IV ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a)The following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K: (1)Consolidated Financial Statements (Included Under Item 8): The Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements is included on page 41of this annual report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference. (2)Financial Statement Schedules:None.(b)Exhibits Reference is made to the Index of Exhibits beginning on page 83 which is incorporated herein by reference.(c)Excluded financial statements: None.80 Table of ContentsSIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signedon its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.Date: February 28, 2013 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of theregistrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.81 COMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. By: /s/ BRIAN E. LANEBrian E. LanePresident and Chief Executive OfficerSignature Title Date /s/ BRIAN E. LANEBrian E. Lane President, Chief Executive Officer, andDirector (Principal Executive Officer) February 28, 2013/s/ WILLIAM GEORGEWilliam George Executive Vice President and ChiefFinancial Officer (Principal FinancialOfficer) February 28, 2013/s/ JULIE S. SHAEFFJulie S. Shaeff Senior Vice President and Chief AccountingOfficer (Principal Accounting Officer) February 28, 2013/s/ WILLIAM F. MURDYWilliam F. Murdy Chairman of the Board February 28, 2013/s/ DARCY G. ANDERSONDarcy G. Anderson Director February 28, 2013/s/ HERMAN E. BULLSHerman E. Bulls Director February 28, 2013/s/ ALFRED J. GIARDINELLI, JR.Alfred J. Giardinelli, Jr. Director February 28, 2013 Table of Contents82Signature Title Date /s/ ALAN P. KRUSIAlan P. Krusi Director February 28, 2013/s/ FRANKLIN MYERSFranklin Myers Director February 28, 2013/s/ JAMES H. SCHULTZJames H. Schultz Director February 28, 2013/s/ CONSTANCE E. SKIDMOREConstance E. Skidmore Director February 28, 2013/s/ VANCE W. TANGVance W. Tang Director February 28, 2013/s/ ROBERT D. WAGNER, JR.Robert D. Wagner, Jr. Director February 28, 2013 Table of ContentsINDEX OF EXHIBITS 83 Incorporated by Reference to theExhibit Indicated Below and to theFiling with the CommissionIndicated BelowExhibitNumber Description of Exhibits ExhibitNumber Filing orFile Number 3.1 Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant 3.1 333-24021 3.2 Certificate of Amendment dated May 21, 1998 3.2 1998 Form 10-K 3.3 Certificate of Amendment dated July 9, 2003 3.3 2003 Form 10-K 3.4 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. 3.1 March 26, 2012 Form 8-K 4.1 Form of certificate evidencing ownership of Common Stock of the Registrant 4.1 333-24021 *10.1 Comfort Systems USA, Inc. 1997 Long-Term Incentive Plan 10.1 333-24021 *10.2 Comfort Systems USA, Inc. 1997 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Plan 10.2 333-24021 *10.3 Amendment to the 1997 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Plan dated May 23, 2002 10.3 Second Quarter 2002Form 10-Q/A *10.4 Comfort Systems USA, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan 4.5 333-138377 *10.5 Form of Option Award under the Comfort Systems USA, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan 10.6 2006 Form 10-K *10.6 Form of Option Award under the Comfort Systems USA, Inc. 2006 Stock Options/SAR Planfor Non-Employee Directors 10.7 2006 Form 10-K *10.7 Employment Agreement between the Company, Eastern Heating & Cooling, Inc. and Alfred J.Giardinelli, Jr. 10.1 Second Quarter 2003Form 10-Q *10.8 Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors A Proxy Statement April 10,2008 *10.9 2008 Senior Management Annual Performance Plan B Proxy Statement April 10,2008 *10.10 Form of Change in Control Agreement 10.2 First Quarter 2008Form 10-Q *10.11 Form of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. Executive Severance Policy 10.3 First Quarter 2008Form 10-Q *10.12 Form of Directors and Officers Indemnification Agreement 10.1 May 19, 2009 Form 8-K *10.13 Summary of 2010 Incentive Compensation Plan 10.1 First Quarter 2010Form 10-Q Table of Contents Incorporated byReference to theExhibit Indicated Belowand to theFiling with theCommissionIndicated BelowExhibitNumber Description of Exhibits ExhibitNumber Filing orFileNumber *10.14 Form of Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement date March 25, 2010 10.17 2010Form 10-K 10.15 Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Comfort Systems USA, Inc., as Borrower andWells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent/Wells Fargo Securities LLC, as Sole LeadArranger and Sole Lead Book Runner/Bank of Texas, N.A., Capital One, N.A., and Regions Bank as Co-Syndication Agent/and Certain Financial Institutions as Lenders 10.1 July 22,2010Form 8-K/A 10.16 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated July 28, 2010 10.1 July 30,2010Form 8-K *10.17 Restricted Stock Award Agreement dated November 17, 2010 by Comfort Systems to William George 2010Form 10-K *10.18 Summary of 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan 10.1 FirstQuarter2011Form 10-Q *10.19 Form of Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement dated March 24, 2011 10.1 March 28,2011Form 8-K *10.20 First Amendment to Comfort Systems USA, Inc. Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Compensation Plan forNon-Employee Directors 10.1 SecondQuarter2011Form 10-Q 10.21 Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, Second Amended and Restated SecurityAgreement, and Second Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement 10.1 ThirdQuarter2011Form 10-Q *10.22 Summary of 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan 10.1 FirstQuarter2012Form 10-Q 84 *10.23 Form of 2012 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement 10.1 March 30,2012Form 8-K *10.24 Form of 2012 Dollar-denominated Performance Vesting Restricted Stock Unit Agreement 10.2 March 30,2012Form 8-K *10.25 2012 Equity Incentive Plan A ProxyStatementApril 9,2012 *10.26 2012 Senior Management Annual Performance Plan B ProxyStatementApril 9,2012 21.1 List of subsidiaries of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. FiledHerewith 23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP FiledHerewith 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 FiledHerewith Table of Contents85 Incorporated by Reference to theExhibit Indicated Below and to theFiling with the CommissionIndicated BelowExhibitNumber Description of Exhibits ExhibitNumber Filing orFile Number 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Filed Herewith 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Furnished Herewith 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Furnished Herewith **101.INS XBRL Instance Document **101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document **101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document **101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document **101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document **101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document *Management contract or compensatory plan. **Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus forpurposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of1934 and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections. QuickLinks -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this documentEXHIBIT 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF COMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. ENTITY NAME DOMESTIC JURISDICTION FORMATION DATE ACI Mechanical, Inc. Delaware 06/26/1998 ARC Comfort Systems USA, Inc. Delaware 03/17/1998 Accu-Temp GP, Inc. Delaware 05/21/1998 Accu-Temp LP, Inc. Delaware 05/20/1998 Acorn Industrial, LLC North Carolina 01/03/1997 Air Systems Engineering, Inc. Washington 05/18/1973 AirTemp, Inc. Maine 10/15/1998 Atlas-Accurate Holdings, L.L.C. Delaware 12/28/1998 Atlas Comfort Systems USA, Inc. California 07/31/2007 Atlas Comfort Systems USA, L.L.C. Delaware 06/08/2007 Batchelor's Mechanical Contractors, LLC Alabama 03/16/1981 BCM Controls Corporation Massachusetts 10/03/1984 California Comfort Systems USA, Inc. California 05/18/1983 ColonialWebb Contractors Company Virginia 03/30/1972 Comfort Systems USA (Arkansas), Inc. Delaware 03/17/1998 Comfort Systems USA (Baltimore), LLC Delaware 10/15/1998 Comfort Systems USA (Bristol), Inc. Delaware 08/25/1997 Comfort Systems USA (Carolinas), LLC North Carolina 01/01/2011 Comfort Systems USA Energy Services, Inc. Delaware 08/25/1997 Comfort Systems USA G.P., Inc. Delaware 08/12/1998 Comfort Systems USA (Intermountain), Inc. Utah 05/06/1969 Comfort Systems USA (Kentucky), Inc. Kentucky 02/10/1981 Comfort Systems USA (MidAtlantic), LLC Virginia 01/01/2010 Comfort Systems USA (Midwest), LLC Iowa 10/13/2009 Comfort Systems USA National Accounts, LLC Indiana 07/28/1998 Comfort Systems USA (Ohio), Inc. Ohio 10/10/1979 Comfort Systems USA (Pasadena), Inc. Texas 06/28/2007 Comfort Systems USA Puerto Rico, Inc. Puerto Rico 08/09/1991 Comfort Systems USA (South Central), Inc. Texas 06/22/2007 Comfort Systems USA (Southeast), Inc. Delaware 03/24/1998 Comfort Systems USA (Southwest), Inc. Arizona 12/23/1977 Comfort Systems USA (Syracuse), Inc. New York 03/08/1965 Comfort Systems USA (Texas), L.P. Texas 08/14/1998 Comfort Systems USA (Western Michigan), Inc. Michigan 07/21/1989 Control Concepts, LLC Georgia 12/16/1996 Control Concepts Mechanical Services, LLC Georgia 01/17/2008 CS53 Acquisition Corp. Delaware 01/26/1999 Delcard Associates, LLC Delaware 06/23/2000 Design Mechanical Incorporated Delaware 10/30/1997 Dillingham & Smith Mechanical and Sheet Metal Contractors, LLC Tennessee 12/31/2003 Eastern Heating & Cooling, Inc. New York 12/19/1988 Eastern Refrigeration Co., Inc. New York 01/30/1990 Environmental Air Systems, LLC North Carolina 10/07/2011 Envirotrol, LLC North Carolina 10/27/2011 Granite State Holdings Company, Inc. Delaware 11/02/2005 Granite State Plumbing & Heating, LLC Delaware 07/31/2001 H & M Mechanical, Inc. Delaware 06/25/1998 Helm Corporation Colorado 10/26/1972 ENTITY NAME DOMESTIC JURISDICTION FORMATION DATE Hess Mechanical Corporation Delaware 03/17/1998 Hudson River Heating and Cooling, Inc. Delaware 08/19/2005 H-VAC Supply, L.L.C. Puerto Rico 10/18/2006 Mechanical Technical Services, Inc. Texas 06/22/2007 Merit Mechanical, Inc. Washington 02/14/1984 MJ Mechanical Services, Inc. Delaware 12/12/1997 North American Mechanical, Inc. Delaware 03/17/1998 Plant Services Incorporated Iowa 07/02/1986 Quality Air Heating and Cooling, Inc. Michigan 09/10/1980 Riddleberger Brothers, Inc. Virginia 12/22/1958 S.I. Goldman Company, Inc. Florida 10/04/1976 S.M. Lawrence Company, Inc. Tennessee 03/08/1973 SA Associates, Inc. Utah 03/27/1984 Salmon & Alder, LLC Utah 07/08/1996 Seasonair, Inc. Maryland 10/28/1966 Temp-Right Service, Inc. Delaware 09/25/1997 The Capital Refrigeration Company Delaware 08/06/1998 QuickLinksEXHIBIT 21.1SUBSIDIARIES OF COMFORT SYSTEMS USA, INC. QuickLinks -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this documentExhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:(1)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-38011) pertaining to the 1997 Long-Term Incentive Plan, 1997 Non-Employee Director'sStock Plan, and 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. (2)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-44354) pertaining to the 2000 Incentive Plan of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. (3)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-138377) pertaining to the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan and 2006 Stock Options/SAR Plan forNon-Employee Directors of Comfort Systems USA, Inc.of our reports dated February 28, 2013, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. and the effectiveness ofinternal control over financial reporting of Comfort Systems USA, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31,2012. /s/ Ernst & Young, LLPHouston, TexasFebruary 28, 2013 QuickLinksExhibit 23.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm QuickLinks -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this documentExhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 I, Brian E. Lane, certify that:1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Comfort Systems USA, Inc.; 2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport; 3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as definedin Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us byothers within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonablylikely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internalcontrol over financial reporting.Date: February 28, 2013 /s/ BRIAN E. LANEBrian E. LanePresident and Chief Executive Officer QuickLinksExhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 QuickLinks -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this documentExhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 I, William George, certify that:1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Comfort Systems USA, Inc.; 2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport; 3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as definedin Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us byothers within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonablylikely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internalcontrol over financial reporting.Date: February 28, 2013 /s/ WILLIAM GEORGEWilliam GeorgeExecutive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer QuickLinksExhibit 31.2CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 QuickLinks -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this documentExhibit 32.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002* In connection with the Annual Report of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,2012, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Brian E. Lane, President and Chief Executive Officerof the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of theCompany. *A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company andfurnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.Date: February 28, 2013 /s/ BRIAN E. LANEBrian E. LanePresident and Chief Executive Officer QuickLinksExhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEYACT OF 2002 QuickLinks -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this documentExhibit 32.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002* In connection with the Annual Report of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,2012, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, William George, Executive Vice President and ChiefFinancial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of theCompany. *A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company andfurnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.Date: February 28, 2013 /s/ WILLIAM GEORGEWilliam GeorgeExecutive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer QuickLinksExhibit 32.2CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEYACT OF 2002
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