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American Water Works CompanyUNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FORM 20-F OR ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR For the transition period from ________________ to _______________________ OR SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company report__________________________ Commission file number 001-31317 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo–SABESP (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo-SABESP (Translation of the Registrant’s name into English) Federative Republic of Brazil (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Rua Costa Carvalho, 300 05429-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Address of principal executive offices) Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso raffonso@sabesp.com.br (+55 11 3388 8247) Rua Costa Carvalho, 300 05429-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Shares, without par value American Depositary Shares, evidenced by American Depositary Receipts, each representing one Common Share Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange Not for trading purposes, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 683,509,869 Shares of Common Stock Yes No If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Yes No Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing: U.S. GAAP International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board Other If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Item 17 Item 18 Yes No TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. ITEM 2. ITEM 3. ITEM 4. ITEM 5. ITEM 6. ITEM 7. ITEM 8. ITEM 9. ITEM 10. ITEM 11. ITEM 12. PART II ITEM 13. ITEM 14. ITEM 15. ITEM 16. PART III ITEM 17. ITEM 18. ITEM 19. PART IV SIGNATURES IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE KEY INFORMATION INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS FINANCIAL INFORMATION THE OFFER AND LISTING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS EXHIBITS Page 6 6 6 6 24 80 106 115 124 127 132 146 148 151 151 151 151 153 158 158 158 158 159 159 General PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION We maintain our books and records in reais. We prepare our financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or “IFRS”, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or the “IASB”. Our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the three years ended December 31, 2015 have been audited, as stated in the report appearing herein, and are included in this annual report on Form 20-F. Certain figures included in this annual report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures which precede them. Water Crisis Our results and operational performance for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, were adversely impacted by the most serious drought in our serviced region in 85 years. Both the water conservation measures we implemented to mitigate the effects of the drought on our water supply and a significantly heightened public awareness of the need to conserve water during the current water crisis negatively impacted our revenues. Improved rainfall throughout the rainy season that began in October 2015, the collaborative efforts between us and the population we service and emergency construction conducted by us throughout 2014 and 2015 in order to reduce the impacts of the water crisis resulted in an increase in the volume of water in the reservoirs in our largest market, the São Paulo metropolitan region, at the end of 2015 compared to the end of 2014. As of December 31, 2015, the reservoirs in the São Paulo metropolitan region, where our largest market is located, contained 703 billion liters of bulk water storage for treatment, compared to 301 billion liters available for treatment as of December 31, 2014. Under normal circumstances, we withdraw 6.2 billion liters per day (equivalent to the total water production of 71.4 m³/s in February 2014 for the São Paulo metropolitan region) from the reservoirs. This volume decreased to 4.7 billion liters per day during the drought (equivalent to the total water production of 54.8 m³/s in December 2015 for the São Paulo metropolitan region). Average monthly water production in 2015 was of 52.0 m³/s, compared to 62.2 m³/s in 2014 and 69.1 m³/s in 2013. For more information, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—The measures we took to mitigate the effects of the drought resulted in a significant decrease in the volume of water billed and revenues from services we provide, which had a material adverse effect on our company and could continue to do so if the drought escalates in severity” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. Convenience Translations We have translated some of the real amounts contained in this annual report into U.S. dollars. The rate used to translate such amounts in respect of the year ended December 31, 2015 was R$3.9048 to US$1.00, which was the commercial rate for the purchase of U.S. dollars in effect on December 31, 2015, as reported by the Central Bank. The U.S. dollar equivalent information presented in this annual report is provided solely for the convenience of the reader and should not be construed as implying that the real amounts represent, or could have been or could be converted into, U.S. dollars at the above rate. See “Item 3.A. Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rates” for more detailed information regarding the Brazilian foreign exchange system and historical data on the exchange rate of the real against the U.S. dollar. Rounding Some percentages and numbers included in this annual report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them. Other Information In this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” or “SABESP” refer to Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo – SABESP. 1 In addition, references to: “ARSESP” are to the São Paulo State Sanitation and Energy Regulatory Agency (Agência Reguladora de Saneamento e Energia do Estado de São Paulo); “ADR” or “ADRs” are to American Depositary Receipt or American Depositary Receipts, respectively; “ADS” or “ADSs” are to American Depositary Share or American Depositary Shares, respectively; “Brazil” are to the Federative Republic of Brazil; “Central Bank” are to the Central Bank of Brazil; “CVM” are to the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários, the Brazilian regulator of securities; “federal government” and “Brazilian government” are to the federal government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and “state government” are to the state government of the State of São Paulo; “real,” “reais” or “R$” are to the Brazilian real, the official currency of Brazil; “Regional Systems” are to the area where the regional systems’ executive office operates, comprising 326 municipalities in the interior and coastline regions of the state of São Paulo; “São Paulo metropolitan region,” with respect to our operations, are to the area where the metropolitan executive office operates, comprising 38 municipalities, including the city of São Paulo; “sewage coverage ratio” are to the ratio between the number of residences connected to the sewage collection network, divided by the number of urban residences in a certain area; “State” are to the State of São Paulo, which is also our controlling shareholder; “U.S. dollars” or “US$” are to the United States dollar, the official currency of the United States; “water coverage ratio” are to the ratio between the number of residences connected to the water supply network, divided by the number of urban residences in a certain area; and “water crisis” are to the drought we have experienced from late 2013 throughout most of 2015. This drought is the most serious drought that our service region has experienced in 85 years and primarily affects the Cantareira System, our largest water production system. Information in this annual report related to liters, water and sewage volumes, number of employees, kilometers, water and sewage connections, population served, operating productivity, water production, water and sewage lines (in kilometers), water loss index and investment in programs has not been audited. Market Information We make statements in this annual report about our market share and other information relating to Brazil and the industry in which we operate. We have made these statements on the basis of information from third-party sources and publicly available information that we believe is reliable, such as information and reports from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), or IBGE, and the State Data Analysis System Foundation (Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados), or “SEADE”, among others. We have no reason to believe that any of this information is inaccurate in any material respect. References to urban and total population in this annual report are estimated based on a research prepared by SEADE: “Projections for the State of São Paulo – Population and Residences until 2025” (Projeções para o Estado de São Paulo – População e Domicílios até 2025). 2 Our contracts and the Municipalities We Serve Throughout this document, we refer to the 364 municipalities we serve and to our 367 water contracts. This difference results from the fact that we have two partial water contracts with the municipality of Mogi das Cruzes. These contracts are partial because pursuant to them we serve only two neighborhoods of this municipality and, as a result, do not include Mogi das Cruzes in the total of municipalities we serve. Most of our contracts with the municipalities we serve are concession agreements which have a term of 30 years. On August 2, 2015, we signed a water contract with the municipality of Santa Isabel, which only became effective in January 2016. Therefore, we do not include the water contract with Santa Isabel amongst the 364 municipalities we serviced in 2015. 3 CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This annual report includes forward-looking statements, mainly in Items 3 through 5. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends affecting our business. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, among other factors: general economic, political, demographical and other conditions in Brazil and in other emerging market countries; changes in applicable laws and regulations, as well as the enactment of new laws and regulations, including those relating to environmental, tax and employment matters in Brazil; availability of the water supply, which may continue to be adversely affected by the current water crisis in São Paulo metropolitan region; the impact on our business of the water consumption reduction incentive program and other measures we took in 2014 and 2015 and any other measures we may need to take until the water levels of our reservoirs are normalized and sufficient to continuously serve the customers in the São Paulo metropolitan region; the impact on our business of lower water consumption practices adopted by our customers during the water crisis, which may remain in place even after the water levels of our reservoirs normalize; decisions by the São Paulo State Department of Water and Energy (Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica do Estado de São Paulo), or “DAEE”, and the National Water Agency (Agência Nacional de Águas), or “ANA”, limiting the volume of water that may be extracted from the Cantareira System, the main water system we use to serve the São Paulo metropolitan region, and the measures that we may be required to take to ensure the provision of water to our customers; our exposure to probable increases in the frequency of extreme weather conditions, including droughts and intensive rain and other climatic events; fluctuations in inflation, interest rates and exchange rates in Brazil; the interests of our controlling shareholder; our ability to collect amounts owed to us by our controlling shareholder and by municipalities; our ability to continue to use certain reservoirs under current terms and conditions; our capital expenditure program and other liquidity and capital resources requirements; power shortages, rationing of energy supply or significant changes in energy tariffs; the effects of the agreement for provision of water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo, which we executed with the State and the city of São Paulo; the lack of formal agreements between our company and certain municipalities to which we provide water and sewage services, including cities comprising metropolitan regions, urban conurbations, and the fact that the State and municipal governments share competency regarding these services; the municipalities’ ability to terminate our existing concession agreements prior to their expiration date and our ability to renew such agreements; our ability to provide water and sewage services in additional municipalities and to maintain the right to provide the services for which we currently have contracts; 4 the size and growth of our customer base and its consumption habits; our ability to comply with the requirements regarding water and sewage service levels included in our agreements with municipalities; our level of debt and limitations on our ability to incur additional debt; our ability to access financing with favorable terms in the future; the costs we incur in complying with environmental laws and any penalties for failure to comply with these laws; the outcome of our pending or future legal proceedings; the delay or postponement in investment in our sewage system; our management’s expectations and estimates relating to our future financial performance; the regulations issued by ARSESP regarding several aspects of our business, including limitations on our ability to set and adjust our tariffs; the possibility to be subject to a regulatory agency, other than ARSESP; and other risk factors as set forth under “Item 3.D. Risk Factors”. The words “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “intend,” “expect” and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this annual report might not occur. Our actual results could differ substantially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by law. Any such forward-looking statements are not an indication of future performance and involve risks. 5 ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS Not applicable. ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE PART I Not applicable. ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION A. Selected Financial Data The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our financial statements (including the notes thereto), “Presentation of Financial and Other Information” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”. The selected financial data as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 have been derived from our audited financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS, and included in this annual report. The selected financial data as of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 have been derived from our audited financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS, which is not included in this annual report. We have included information with respect to the dividends and/or interest attributable to shareholders’ equity paid to holders of our common shares since January 1, 2011 in reais and in U.S. dollars translated from reais at the commercial market selling rate in effect as of the payment date under the caption “Item 8.A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends and Dividend Policy—Payment of Dividends”. The following tables present our selected financial data as of and for each of the periods indicated: IFRS Summary Financial Data Statement of operations data: Net operating revenues Cost of sales and services Gross profit Selling expenses Administrative expenses Operating profit Financial income (expenses), net Net income Earnings per share – basic and diluted(2) Earnings per ADS – basic and diluted(2) Dividends and interest on shareholders’ equity per share(2) Dividends and interest on shareholders’ equity per ADS(2) Weighted average number of common shares outstanding(2) (3) 2015 US$ 2015 R$ 2014 R$ (4) 2013 R$ (4) 2012 R$ (4) 2011 R$ For the year ended December 31, (in millions, except per share and per ADS(1) data) 2,999.3 (2,115.6) 883.7 (153.2) 11.5 779.6 (629.1) 137.3 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.05 683,509,869 11,711.6 (8,260.8) 3,450.8 (598.1) 45.0 3,044.0 (2,456.5) 536.3 0.78 0.78 0.19 0.19 683,509,869 6 11,213.2 (7,635.6) 3,577.6 (736.6) (924.4) 1,910.7 (635.9) 903.0 1.32 1.32 0.32 0.32 683,509,869 11,315.6 (6,816.3) 4,499.3 (637.1) (729.1) 3,138.8 (483.2) 1,923.6 2.81 2.81 0.67 0.67 683,509,869 10,737.6 (6,449.9) 4,287.7 (697.3) (717.4) 2,843.3 (295.7) 1,911.9 2.80 2.80 0.66 0.66 683,509,869 9,927.4 (6,018.7) 3,908.7 (619.3) (683.6) 2,512.0 (633.0) 1,380.9 2.02 2.02 0.43 0.43 683,509,869 (1) ADS - American Depositary Share. (2) On April 22, 2013, our shareholders approved a stock split, following which each common share represented three new common shares. Therefore, per share information in the selected financial data has been revised to give effect to the stock split retrospective to all periods presented. (3) Translated at the commercial selling rate at closing for the purchase of U.S. dollars, as reported by the Central Bank, as of December 31, 2015 of R$3.9048 to US$1.00. (4) Data for 2012 and 2011 have been restated in application of IAS 19 – Employee Benefits (as revised in 2011) and IFRS 11 – Joint Arrangements, as described in our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013. With respect to IAS 19 – Employee Benefits, the principal adjustment is the change in the accounting record method of actuarial gains and losses, such that accumulated differences between actuarial estimates and actual obligations are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income when they occur. Balance Sheet Data Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Total assets Current portion of long-term loans and financing Long-term loans and financing Interest on shareholders’ equity payable Total liabilities Equity Capital stock Other financial information: Cash generated from operating activities Cash used in investing activities Cash provided by (used in) financing activities Purchases of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment as presented in our statement of cash flow As of December 31, (2) 2015 US$ 2015 R$ 2014 R$ 2013 R$ (3) 2012 R$ (3) 2011 R$ (in millions, except per share and per ADS(1) data) 83.3 7,302.2 8,632.1 390.9 2,969.5 32.6 5,119.3 3,512.8 2,561.0 676.4 (629.9) (68.0) (628.0) 325.1 28,513.6 33,706.6 1,526.3 11,595.3 127.4 19,990.0 13,716.6 10,000.0 2,641.4 (2,459.5) (265.7) (2,452.1) 304.8 25,979.5 30,355.4 1,207.1 9,578.6 214.5 17,051.0 13,304.4 10,000.0 2,480.3 (2,757.7) 218.5 (2,748.3) 199.5 23,846.2 28,274.3 640.9 8,809.1 457.0 15,343.5 12,930.8 6,203.7 2,777.2 (2,281.5) (629.7) (2,335.8) 196.7 21,967.5 26,476.1 1,342.6 7,532.7 414.4 15,219.4 11,256.8 6,203.7 2,343.2 (1,996.7) (572.7) (2,026.1) 181.6 20,125.7 24,983.2 1,629.2 6,794.1 247.5 14,438.3 10,544.9 6,203.7 2,698.6 (1,883.2) (661.3) (2,068.8) (1) ADS - American Depositary Share. (2) Translated at the commercial selling rate at closing for the purchase of U.S. dollars, as reported by the Central Bank, as of December 31, 2015 of R$3.9048 to US$1.00. (3) Data for 2012 and 2011 have been restated in application of IAS 19 – Employee Benefits (as revised in 2011) and IFRS 11 – Joint Arrangements, as described in our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013. With respect to IAS 19 – Employee Benefits, the principal adjustment is the change in the accounting record method of actuarial gains and losses, such that accumulated differences between actuarial estimates and actual obligations are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income when they occur. Operating Data Number of water connections (in thousands) Number of sewage connections (in thousands) Percentage of population with water connections (in percentages) Percentage of population with sewer connections (in percentages) Percentage of treated sewer(1) (in percentages) Volume of water billed during period (in millions of cubic meters) Water Billed Loss Index during period (average) (in percentages)(2) Water Metered Loss Index during period (average) (in percentages)(3) Water loss per connection per day (average)(4) Number of employees 2015 As of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 2014 2012 2011 8,420 6,861 99 86 78 1,914 16.4 28.5 258 14,223 7 8,210 6,660 99 85 77 2,069 21.3 29.8 319 14,753 7,888 6,340 99 84 78 2,149 24.4 31.2 372 15,015 7,679 6,128 99 83 77 2,094 25.7 32.1 392 15,019 7,481 5,921 99 82 76 2,045 25.6 32.0 395 14,896 (1) Treated sewage as a percentage of collected sewage. (2) Includes both physical and non-physical water loss. Water Billed Loss Index represents the quotient of (i) the difference between (a) the total volume of water produced plus (b) the total volume of water invoiced minus (c) the volume of water excluded from our calculation of water loss, divided by (ii) the total volume of water produced. For more information, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Description of Our Activities—Water Operations—Water Loss”. We exclude the following from our calculation of water loss: (i) water discharged for periodic maintenance of water transmission lines and water storage tanks; (ii) water supplied for municipal uses such (3) as firefighting; (iii) water we consume in our facilities; and (iv) estimated water loss related to the supply of water to shantytowns (favelas). Includes both physical and non-physical water loss. The Water Metered Loss Index represents the quotient of (i) the difference between (a) the total volume of water produced minus (b) the total volume of water measured minus (c) the volume of water that we exclude from our calculation of water loss, divided by (ii) the total volume of water produced. For more information, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Description of Our Activities—Water Operations—Water Loss”. We exclude the following from our calculation of water loss: (i) water discharged for periodic maintenance of water transmission lines and water storage tanks; (ii) water supplied for municipal uses such as firefighting; (iii) water we consume in our facilities; and (iv) estimated water loss related to the supply of water to shantytowns (favelas). (4) Measured in liters/connection per day, this amount is calculated by dividing (i) the average annual water loss by (ii) the average number of active water connections multiplied by the number of days of the year. This calculation method is based on worldwide market practice within the sector. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Description of Our Activities—Water Operations—Water Loss”. We exclude the following from our calculation of water loss: (i) water discharged for periodic maintenance of water transmission lines and water storage tanks; (ii) water supplied for municipal uses such as firefighting; (iii) water we consume in our facilities; and (iv) estimated water loss related to the supply of water to shantytowns (favelas). Exchange Rates In the past, the Brazilian National Monetary Council (Conselho Monetário Nacional), or the “CMN”, has introduced changes to the Brazilian foreign exchange regime, such as unifying the Commercial and Floating Markets and easing the rules governing the ability of Brazilian residents to acquire foreign currency, among others. On March 24, 2010, the CMN and the Central Bank approved Resolution No. 3,844/2010, as amended, which led to a series of measures to consolidate and simplify Brazilian foreign exchange market regulations. The Brazilian foreign exchange system allows any person or legal entity to purchase or sell foreign currency and make international transfers of reais, regardless of the amount, subject to certain regulatory procedures. The Brazilian currency has experienced frequent and substantial variations in relation to the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies in recent decades. Between 2003 and mid-2008, the real appreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar with the exchange rate reaching R$1.634 in August 2008. Primarily as a result of the global financial crisis, the real depreciated 32.0% against the U.S. dollar during 2008 and closed the year at R$2.337 per US$1.00. The real strengthened again by 25.5% in 2009 and 4.3% in 2010, but depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 12.6% in 2011, 8.94% in 2012, 14.63% in 2013, 13.39% in 2014 and 47.01% in 2015. On December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, the real/U.S. dollar exchange rate was R$3.9048, R$2.6562 and R$2.3426 per US$1.00, respectively. Since 1999, following Brazil’s implementation of a floating rate regime, the Central Bank has not directly intervened in the exchange market. However, the Central Bank, using financial instruments at its disposal, may buy and sell foreign currency in the market in order to influence the exchange rate and decrease volatility with respect to the Brazilian real. We cannot predict whether the Central Bank or the Brazilian government will continue to let the real float freely or will intervene in the exchange rate through a currency band system or other procedure. The real may fluctuate against the U.S. dollar substantially in the future. For further information on this risk, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Brazil—Exchange rate instability may adversely affect us and the market price of our common shares or ADSs”. 8 Exchange rate fluctuations will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the real price of our common shares on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA S.A. - Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros), or the “BM&FBOVESPA”, as well as the U.S. dollar equivalent of any distributions we make in reais with respect to our common shares. The following tables set forth the selling rate, expressed in reais per U.S. dollar (R$/US$), for the periods indicated: R$ per US$1.00 (1) Average 1.6746 1.9550 2.1605 2.3547 3.3387 R$ per US$1.00 Average 3.8801 3.7765 3.8711 4.0524 3.9734 3.7039 3.5658 (1) Average 0.0211 0.0245 0.0221 0.0222 0.0276 Average 0.0323 0.0308 0.0318 0.0343 0.0347 0.0328 0.0326 R$ per ¥1.00 R$ per ¥1.00 High 1.9016 2.1121 2.4457 2.7403 4.1949 High 4.0010 3.8506 3.9831 4.1558 4.0492 3.9913 3.6921 High 0.0249 0.0263 0.0248 0.0239 0.0351 High 0.0335 0.0315 0.0329 0.0355 0.0359 0.0351 0.0342 Low 1.5345 1.7024 1.9528 2.1974 2.5754 Low 3.7386 3.7010 3.7476 3.9863 3.8653 3.5589 3.4508 Low 0.0186 0.0211 0.0196 0.0212 0.0219 Low 0.0311 0.0301 0.0304 0.0333 0.0331 0.0317 0.0317 Year ended December 31, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Month ended October 31, 2015 November 30, 2015 December 31, 2015 January 31, 2016 February 28, 2016 March 31, 2016 April 30, 2016 Year end 1.8758 2.0435 2.3426 2.6562 3.9048 Period end 3.8589 3.8506 3.9048 4.0428 3.9578 3.5589 3.4508 Source: Central Bank (1) Average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month. The following tables set forth the selling rate, expressed in reais per Japanese Yen (R$/¥1.00): Year ended December 31, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Month ended October 31, 2015 November 30, 2015 December 31, 2015 January 31, 2016 February 28, 2016 March 31, 2016 April 30, 2016 Source: Central Bank (1) Average of the exchange rates on the last day of each period. B. Capitalization and Indebtedness Not applicable. C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds Not applicable. Year end 0.0243 0.0237 0.0223 0.0222 0.0324 Period end 0.0320 0.0313 0.0324 0.0333 0.0348 0.0317 0.0323 9 D. Risk Factors Risks Relating to Brazil The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy. This influence, as well as Brazilian political and economic conditions, could adversely affect us and the market price of our common shares and ADSs. The Brazilian government frequently intervenes in the Brazilian economy and occasionally makes significant changes in policy and regulations. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and other policies and regulations have often involved, among other measures, changes in interest rates, tax policies, price and tariff controls, currency devaluation or appreciation, capital controls and limits on imports. Our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as the market price of our common shares or ADSs, may be adversely affected by changes in public policy at federal, state and municipal levels with respect to public tariffs and exchange controls, as well as other factors, such as: the regulatory environment related to our business operations and agreements; interest rates; exchange rates and exchange controls and restrictions on remittances abroad; currency fluctuations; inflation; liquidity of the Brazilian capital and lending markets; tax and regulatory policies and laws; economic and social instability; and other political, diplomatic, social and economic developments in or affecting Brazil. For example, the Brazilian government may change its tax policy, such as by changing tax rates or imposing temporary taxes. If overall taxes are increased, we may be unable to immediately recover the difference from our consumers, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainty over whether the Brazilian government will change policies or regulations affecting these or other factors may contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil and to heightened volatility in Brazilian securities markets and securities issued abroad by Brazilian issuers. On September 9, 2015, Brazil was downgraded below investment grade by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, and received a further downgrade by the same rating agency on February 17, 2016. In addition, on December 16, 2015, Brazil was downgraded below investment grade by Fitch Ratings Inc. and in February 24, 2016 by Moody's Investors Service, Inc.. We cannot assure you that the Brazilian government will continue with its current economic policies, or that these and other developments in Brazil’s economy and government policies will not, directly or indirectly, adversely affect our business and results of operations. Political conditions may have an adverse impact on the Brazilian economy and on our business. Current political conditions in Brazil may affect the confidence of investors and the public in general as well as the development of the economy. Uncertainty with regard to matters such as the presidential administration’s future policies and appointments to influential governmental positions and ongoing investigations into allegations of corruption in state-controlled enterprises may also affect the confidence of investors and the general public. It may also have an adverse impact on the Brazilian economy, our business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our common shares and ADSs. 10 Currently, Brazilian markets are experiencing heightened volatility due to the uncertainties derived from the ongoing Lava Jato investigation, being conducted by the Office of the Brazilian Federal Prosecutor, and its impact on the Brazilian economy and political environment. Certain of these companies are also facing investigations by the Brazilian Securities Commission (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários), or CVM, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Members of the Brazilian federal government and of the legislative branch, as well as senior officers of large state-owned companies have faced allegations of political corruption, since they have allegedly accepted bribes by means of kickbacks on contracts granted by the government to several infrastructure, oil and gas and construction companies. The profits of these kickbacks allegedly financed the political campaigns of political parties of the current federal government coalition that were unaccounted for or not publicly disclosed, as well as served to personal enrichment of the recipients of the bribery scheme. The potential outcome of these investigations is uncertain, but they have already an adverse impact on the image and reputation of the implicated companies, and on the general market perception of the Brazilian economy. We cannot predict whether such allegations will lead to further political and economic instability or whether new allegations against government officials will arise in the future. In addition, we cannot predict the outcome of any such allegations nor their effect on the Brazilian economy. The development of such unethical conduct cases could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Inflation and the Brazilian government’s measures to combat inflation may contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil, adversely affecting us and the market price of our common shares or ADSs. Inflation and the Brazilian government’s measures to combat it have had and may in the future have significant effects on the Brazilian economy and our business. Tight monetary policies with high interest rates may restrict Brazil’s growth, the availability of credit and our cost of funding. Conversely, other Brazilian governmental actions, including lowering interest rates, intervention in the foreign exchange market and actions to adjust or fix the value of the real, may trigger increases in inflation. The Special Clearing and Settlement System (Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custódia), or “SELIC”, the official overnight interest rate in Brazil, equaled 14.15%, 11.65% and 9.90% at the end of 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, in line with the target rate set by the Brazilian Committee on Monetary Policy (Comitê de Política Monetária). The Brazilian annual inflation rates, as measured by the Amplified Consumer Price Index (Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo), or “IPCA”, the Brazilian annual inflation rates were 10,67%, 6.41% and 5.91%, during 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. If Brazil experiences increases in inflation, our costs and expenses may rise, we may be unable to increase our tariffs at the same rate to counter the effects of inflation, and our overall financial performance may be adversely affected. In addition, a substantial increase in inflation may weaken investors’ confidence in Brazil, causing a decrease in the market price of our common shares or ADSs. The devaluation of the real to foreign currencies may adversely affect us and the market price of our common shares or ADSs. The Brazilian currency experienced frequent and substantial devaluations in relation to the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies during the decades leading up to the mid-1990s. Throughout this period, the Brazilian government implemented various economic plans and exchange rate policies, including sudden devaluations, periodic mini-devaluations (during which the frequency of adjustments ranged from daily to monthly), floating exchange rate systems, exchange controls and dual exchange rate markets. From time to time since that period, there have continued to be significant fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Brazilian real and the U.S. dollar and other currencies. For example, the real appreciated 13.8%, 9.5% and 20.7% against the U.S. dollar in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2008, primarily as a result of the global financial crisis, the real depreciated 32.0% against the U.S. dollar and closed the year at R$2.337 per US$1.00. The real strengthened again by 25.5% in 2009 and 4.3% in 2010, but depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 12.6% in 2011, 8.94% in 2012, 14.63% in 2013, 13.39% in 2014 and 47.01% in 2015. On December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the real/U.S. dollar exchange rate was R$3.9048, R$2.6562 and R$2.343 per US$1.00, respectively. There can be no assurance that the real will not depreciate further against the U.S. dollar. As of April 30, 2016, the commercial selling rate as reported by the Central Bank was R$3.4508 per US$1.00. 11 Depreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar could create inflationary pressures in Brazil and cause increases in interest rates, which could negatively affect the growth of the Brazilian economy as a whole and harm our financial condition and results of operations, curtail our access to financial markets and prompt government intervention, including recessionary governmental policies. Depreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar could also lead to decreased consumer spending, deflationary pressures and reduced economic growth. In the event of a significant devaluation of the real in relation to the U.S. dollar or other currencies, our ability to meet our foreign currency denominated obligations could be adversely affected because our tariff revenue and other sources of income are denominated solely in reais. In addition, because we have debt denominated in foreign currencies, any significant devaluation of the real will increase our financial expenses as a result of foreign exchange losses that we must record. We had a total foreign currency denominated debt of R$6,617.8 million as of December 31, 2015 and we anticipate that we may incur additional amounts of foreign currency denominated debt in the future. In 2015, our results of operations were negatively affected by the 47.0% depreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar, and a depreciation of the real against the yen by 46.0% which led to a R$1,992.0 million negative impact on our foreign exchange result, net. We do not currently have any derivative instruments in place to protect us against a devaluation of the real in relation to any foreign currency. A devaluation of the real may adversely affect us and the market price of our common shares or ADSs. For more information, see Note 5(a) of our 2015 financial statements. For further information on exchange rate instability impacts, see “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Sources—Indebtedness Financing—Financial Covenants”. Developments and the perception of risk in other countries, especially in the United States and in emerging market countries, may adversely affect the market price of Brazilian securities, including our common shares and ADSs. The market price of securities of Brazilian companies is affected to varying degrees by economic and market conditions in other countries, including the United States and other Latin American and emerging market countries. Although economic conditions in these countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Brazil, investors’ reactions to developments in these other countries may have an adverse effect on the market price of securities of Brazilian issuers. Crises in other emerging market countries or economic policies of other countries may diminish investor interest in securities of Brazilian issuers, including ours. This could adversely affect the market price of our common shares or ADSs, and could also make it more difficult for us to access the capital markets and finance our operations in the future, on acceptable terms or at all. The global financial crisis has caused significant consequences, including in Brazil, such as stock and credit market volatility, unavailability of credit, higher interest rates, a general slowdown of the world economy, volatile exchange rates, and inflationary pressure, among others, which have and may continue to, directly or indirectly, materially and adversely affect us and the price of securities issued by Brazilian companies, including our common shares and ADSs. Risks Relating to Our Control by the State of São Paulo We are controlled by the State of São Paulo, whose interests may differ from the interests of non-controlling, including holders of ADSs. As it owns the majority of our common shares, the State is able to determine our operating policies and strategy, control the election of a majority of the members of our board of directors and appoint our senior management. As of April 30, 2016, the State owned 50.3% of our outstanding common shares. Both through its control of our board of directors as well as by enacting State decrees, the State has in the past directed our company to engage in business activities and make expenditures that promoted political, economic or social goals, but that did not necessarily enhance our business and results of operations. The State may direct our company to act in this manner again in the future. These decisions by the State may not be in the interests of our non-controlling, including holders of ADSs. See “Item 5.A. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Certain Transactions with Controlling Shareholder”. 12 Following the elections for State governor in 2014, the re-elected governor appointed Mr. Jerson Kelman as our Chief Executive Officer in January 2015, and Mr. Benedito Pinto Ferreira Braga Junior, the Secretary of State for the State Secretariat for Sanitation and Water Resources (Secretaria de Saneamento e Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo), was elected our Chairman for the current board of directors’ term of two years, ending in April 2016. Mr. Benedito Pinto Ferreira Braga Junior’s term was renewed in our annual general shareholder’s meeting held on April 29, 2016 for another two years, ending in April 2018. Future changes in policy by State government may cause changes in all or some of the members of our management, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. The State and some State entities owe us substantial unpaid debts. We cannot assure you as to when or whether the State will pay us. Historically, the State and some State entities have delayed payment of substantial amounts owed to us related to water and sewage services. As of December 31, 2015, the State owed us R$66.3 million for water and sewage services. Additionally, the State also owes us substantial amounts related to reimbursements of State-mandated special retirement and pension payments that we make to some of our former employees for which the State is required to reimburse us. With respect to payment of pensions on behalf of the State, we had a contested credit amount of R$855.1 million as of December 31, 2015. We do not record this contested amount as a reimbursement credit for actuarial liability due to the uncertainty of payment by the State. In addition, as of December 31, 2015, we had a provision for an actuarial liability in the amount of R$2,166.9 million with respect to future supplemental pension payments for which the State does not accept responsibility. On March 18, 2015, we, the State and DAEE, with the intervention of the Department of Sanitation and Water Resources, executed a term of agreement, in the amount of R$1,012.3 million, of which R$696.3 million refers to the principal amount and R$316.0 million refers to the monetary adjustment of the principal through February 2015. For a detailed discussion of this agreement, see “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions—Agreements with the State of São Paulo” and Note 10 of our 2015 financial statements. We have entered into agreements with the State to settle the overdue amounts that relate to water and sewage services. For a detailed discussion of these agreements, see “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions, Agreements with the State of São Paulo” and Note 10 of our 2015 financial statements. Although the State has complied with agreements negotiated with us in past years, we cannot assure you when or if the State will pay the contested credit amount, which is still under discussion, and the remaining overdue amounts it owes us. The amounts owed to us by the State for water and sewage services and reimbursements for pensions paid may increase in the future. In addition, certain municipalities and other government entities also owe us payments. See “Risks Relating to Our Business—We may face difficulties in collecting overdue amounts owed to us by municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis and municipal government entities”. EMAE, a State-controlled company that has a concession to produce energy in the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs is seeking damages from us for the water we draw from these reservoirs. Empresa Metropolitana de Águas e Energia S.A., or EMAE, a company also controlled by the State of São Paulo that has a concession to produce hydroelectric energy using water in the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs, is seeking compensation from us for the water we draw from these reservoirs. EMAE has commenced various court and arbitration proceedings, alleging that our water use reduces their ability to generate and sell electricity. As stated in an Announcement to the Market that we issued on April 10, 2014, we are negotiating with EMAE regarding a potential settlement of this water use dispute, although no agreement has yet been finalized. In addition, the State of São Paulo, which is controlling shareholder of both EMAE and our company, may take action to resolve the dispute in a way that has an adverse effect on our business. On April 11, 2016 we were named in legal proceedings commenced by minority shareholders of EMAE against the State of São Paulo. The plaintiffs in these proceedings are seeking an order to require the State to stop us from drawing water from the reservoirs without paying compensation to EMAE, and to allow EMAE to pump water from the reservoirs for its hydroelectric facility. The plaintiffs in these proceedings allege that the State, in its capacity as controlling shareholder of EMAE, has acted unduly to EMAE’s detriment and in favor of our company. If we were no longer able to draw water from these reservoirs, we would have to transport water from locations farther away, which would increase our water transportation costs and may affect our ability to provide adequate service in the region. In addition, if we are required to pay compensation to EMAE, our cash position and overall liquidity may be adversely affected. 13 We may be required to pay substantial charges for the use of reservoirs that are not our property. We use the Billings and Guarapiranga reservoirs in order to provide water services. We are entitled to withdraw water from these reservoirs under a grant from DAEE. We are not currently charged for the use of these reservoirs and are uncertain as to whether we will continue to be able to use the reservoirs without paying charges or what the likely fee scale would be if one were imposed. We may also be required to pay additional maintenance and operational costs to utilize these reservoirs. If we were required to pay substantial charges or additional maintenance or operational costs for our use of these reservoirs, we could be materially and adversely affected. Risks Relating to Our Business The measures we took to mitigate the effects of the drought resulted in a significant decrease in the volume of water billed and revenues from services we provide, which had a material adverse effect on our company and could continue to do so if the drought escalates in severity. We experience decreases in our water availability from time to time due to droughts. The southeastern region of Brazil, particularly the southern region of Minas Gerais State and the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí river basin, or “PCJ River Basin” (from which we extract most of the water used in the Cantareira System), and the northern area of the São Paulo metropolitan region have experienced below average rainfall since 2012. In the October 2013 – March 2014 rainy season, rain levels and water inflow into the reservoirs reached the lowest levels in 84 years of recorded rainfall in the region, a scenario that continued in the October 2014 – March 2015 rainy season. During the October 2015 – March 2016 rainy season, the level of rainfall in the region returned to the normal levels expected for the period. Improved rainfall in the rainy season that began in October 2015, the collaborative efforts between us and the population we serve and emergency construction conducted by us throughout 2014 and 2015 in order to reduce the impact of the water crisis, resulted in a partial restoration of the water levels of the Cantareira system. The depletion of water storage is worst in the Cantareira System, the largest system of the São Paulo metropolitan region. As a result of the drought and low water volume in the Cantareira System, DAEE and ANA, since March 2014, have continuously regulated the volume of water we are permitted to extract from this system. The DAEE and ANA determine this amount based on levels of rainfall, water inflow, level of water in our reservoirs and our requests to extract water based on this information, and inform us of the amount we are permitted to extract via monthly notices. As of February 2016, as a result of the return of average rainfall levels to the region, we received authorization to extract 23 cubic meters per second, or m³/s, from the Cantareira System, an increase compared to the 13.5 m³/s we were authorized to extract for the majority of 2015. This figure remains significantly below the water level we were allowed to extract in the period prior to February 2014, when we were allowed to extract up to a total of 33 m³/s. In order to balance supply and demand despite the restricted water availability, we have adopted and will continue adopting a series of measures, including: (i) using treated water from other production systems to serve consumers originally supplied by the Cantareira system; (ii) to offer discounts (bonus) to consumers that use below average amounts of water, compared to average consumption; (iii) reducing pressure in the water distribution lines in order to decrease leakage; (iv) adjusting the volume of treated water sold to municipalities that operate their own distribution network; and (v) using pumps in order to extract water located below the intakes of the Cantareira system, from the so-called “technical reserve”, which has never before been used to serve the population. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. Even with the return of normal rainfall levels throughout the October 2015 – March 2016 rainy season, the need to recover the volume of water stored in the reservoirs of the Cantareira system will persist throughout the next rainy season. The Cantareira system’s maximum storage capacity, including the technical reserve, is 1,269.5 million m³. Excluding the technical reserve, which is 287,5 million m³, the Cantareira system's maximum storage capacity is 982.0 million m³. The volume of water in the Cantareira system recovered throughout the October 2015 – March 2016 rainy season and was 641.9 million m³ as of March 2016, which represents 50.6% of its maximum storage capacity including the technical reserve. 14 We cannot guarantee that we shall be authorized to extract the same volume of water from this system that we extracted prior to the drought to serve the needs of the population we service. In December 2015, 5.3 million inhabitants were serviced by this system, compared to 8.9 million in February 2014. For more information about the water crisis, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. The drought has prompted a continuous reduction in the volume of water billed and thus a reduction in revenue. In 2014, our water volume billed decreased 3.1% and our gross operational revenue fell by 6.7% compared to 2013. In 2015, our water volume billed decreased 8.0% and our gross operational revenue increased slightly by 0.5% compared to 2014. Therefore, there was and may continue to be a negative impact on our financial ratios linked to revenue, such as the debt to EBITDA ratio. We are required to maintain certain financial ratios at specified levels pursuant to restrictions and covenants of our existing debt agreements and failure to maintain these ratios may lead to a default under such agreements. Breach of any such covenant may result in a default under certain of our debt agreements and, due to customary cross-default provisions, could permit some of our creditors to accelerate our indebtedness unless we are able to renegotiate the terms of these agreements or receive waivers from the affected creditors. If such events were to occur, our financial condition would be adversely affected. See “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness Financing—Financial Covenants”. We are exposed to risks associated with the provision of water and sewage services. Our industry is affected by the following risks relating to the provision of water and sewage services: We depend on a water right issued by DAEE – ANA in order to extract water from the Cantareira System. The water right was renewed in 2004 and would have expired in August 2014. However, due to current climate conditions, particularly the severe drought, the water right was extended until October 31, 2015 and later extended again until May 2017. The extraction of water throughout 2014 and 2015 was executed according to the specific rules established to combat the water crisis. The terms of this water right will define the volume of water that we will be authorized to extract from the Cantareira System to provide to the São Paulo metropolitan region. The drought that occurred in 2014 and for most of 2015 may influence the decision of ANA and DAEE regarding the volume of water that we will be authorized to extract pursuant to the renewal of the water right in 2017. The volume of water that we have been authorized to extract from the Cantareira System (which includes the PCJ River Basin and Juquerí River Basin) has been communicated to us via monthly notices according to the behavior of rainfall, water inflow, level of water in our reservoirs and our requests to extract water based on this information. We are dependent upon energy supplies to conduct our business. Any shortages or rationing of energy may prevent us from providing water and sewage services and may also cause material damage to our water and sewage systems when we resume operations. In 2016, there is no forecast of any shortages or rationing of energy and we estimate an increase of about 15% to 20% in energy expenses compared to 2015. In March 2015, we filed with ARSESP an extraordinary revision request based on the decline in the volume of water due to the water crisis and based on the unexpected increase in electricity tariffs. Our request was approved in May 2015. However, we may not be able to pass on any significant increases in energy tariffs to our customers in the future. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Energy Consumption”. We are exposed to various weather-related risks, since our financial performance is closely linked to climate patterns. The possible increase in the frequency of extreme weather conditions in the future may adversely affect the water available for abstraction, treatment, and supply. Droughts could adversely affect the water supply systems, resulting in a decrease in the volume of water distributed and billed as well as in the revenue derived from water supply services. An increase in heavy rainfall could impact the regular operation of water sources, including abstraction of water from our dams due to increased soil erosion, silting, and runoff of pollutants that affect the aquatic ecosystems. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview——Environmental Matters—Climate Change Regulation”. 15 The increasing degradation of watershed areas may affect the quantity and quality of water available to meet demand from our customers. See “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company—Capital Expenditure Program” and “—Main Projects of Our Capital Expenditure Program”. In addition to the risks discussed under “—The terms of our agreement to provide water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo could have a material adverse effect on us,” we may not be able to increase our tariffs on a timely basis, or at all, in order to pass on increases in inflation or operating expenses, including taxes, to our customers. These constraints may have an adverse effect on our ability to fund our capital expenditure program and financing activities and to meet our debt service requirements. See “Item 5.A. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations—Effects of Tariff Increases”. The state and federal government agencies that manage water resources could impose substantial charges for the abstraction of water from bodies of water and the discharge of sewage. We may not be able to pass these charges on to our customers. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Government Regulation—Water Usage”. Our water pipes are susceptible to the degradation caused by factors such as age, intense traffic, population density and industrial development, which may provoke accidents in the networks and affect the regular provision of our services, impacting society and the environment. See "Item 4.B Business Overview- Description of Our Activies-Water Distribution" and "Item 4.B Business Overview-Descripitions of Our Activities-Sewage Operations-Sewage System". Any of the above may have a material adverse effect on us. Current regulatory uncertainty, especially with regard to implementation and interpretation of the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Law, may have an adverse effect on our business. Our operations in the state of São Paulo occur both in locations where the planning, monitoring and tariff regulation of basic sanitation services are responsibilities of the municipalities and in locations where such responsibilities are shared between the State and municipalities. The Basic Sanitation Law No. 11,445/2007 went into effect in early 2007, and although Federal Decree No. 7,217/2010 (as modified by Federal Decree No. 8,211/2014) implemented a series of new principles under the Basic Sanitation Law in 2010, the full implementation of a number of its provisions remains subject to regulations that the federal government has not yet published. Moreover, the Basic Sanitation Law requires that the federal government, states and municipalities establish independent regulators who monitor basic sanitation services and regulate tariffs. In compliance with this law, the state of São Paulo established ARSESP in 2007. Currently, our regional and local operations, including tariff regulation, are monitored and regulated by ARSESP, and the remainder of our operations is in the process of negotiating new contractual bases. Regulatory agencies determine tariff increases for our water and sewage services, on which our results of operations and financial condition are highly dependent. As a result, we cannot anticipate all the effects that the Basic Sanitation Law and the decree will have on our business and operations, if any. In 2009, ARSESP enacted rules regarding the following: (i) general terms and conditions for water and sewage services; (ii) procedures for communication regarding any failure in our services; (iii) penalties for deficiencies in the provision of basic sanitation services; and (iv) procedures for confidential treatment of our customers’ private information. The implementation of these and other more recent rules will particularly impact our commercial and operations processes, and may adversely affect us in ways we cannot currently predict. Implementation of these rules started in 2011 and is expected to continue for the next few years. For more information, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Government Regulations Applicable to Our Contracts—Rules Enacted by ARSESP”. In 2011, ARSESP altered the standard contract that we are required to use in our relationships with retail customers. This alteration requires that invoices be sent to the user of the service rather than the owner of the property. Since 2011, we have implemented several measures and instituted new rules for the update of our client registry. Currently, more than 90% of our water and sewage connections are billed to the user of our services, as foreseen under current regulations. We estimate that this change will affect ongoing legal disputes, particularly those regarding collection procedures, as well as business discussions in general. However, since this change is still being implemented, we are not currently able to predict its impact on our business. In August 2012, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 346/2012, which established that users should be compensated for any interruptions in water supply. Implementation of this regulation has been suspended pending further technical discussions. In 2013, ARSESP held public consultations that resumed technical discussions on the subject, but the new resolution that will replace Resolution No. 346/2012 has not yet been published. 16 The Basic Sanitation Law No. 11,445/2007 also allows municipalities to create their own regulatory agencies rather than being regulated by ARSESP. As a result, a number of municipalities have created their own regulatory agencies. If other municipalities create new agencies or retain regulatory powers, we may be subject to their regulation and to any limitations on our services that such agencies may set. We are involved in legal proceedings that dispute the authority of these new agencies to regulate and monitor our local contracts and our operations in metropolitan regions and urban clusters instituted by the State. We cannot foresee any changes that any such new agencies may implement regarding our business. If any such changes are unfavorable, they could materially and adversely affect us. The State of São Paulo, pursuant to Article 25, Section 3 of the Brazilian Constitution, enacted the State Complementary Law, or “LCE”, creating the metropolitan regions of São Paulo (LCE No. 94/1974), Baixada Santista (LCE No. 815/1996), Campinas (LCE No. 870/2000), Vale do Paraíba and Litoral Norte (LCE No. 1,166/2012), Sorocaba (LCE No. 1,241/2014), and the urban clusters of Jundiaí (LCE No. 1,146/2011) and Piracicaba (LCE No. 1,178/2012). These areas incorporate independent municipalities that modify the exercise of their constitutional competencies, including those related to basic sanitation services, and increase the number of judicial disputes concerning the regulation and oversight of services in areas currently served by us and regulated by ARSESP. We cannot anticipate the result of these judicial disputes and the adverse material effects that may result from them, especially if the rules of regulation and monitoring of services issued by municipal agencies come to coexist with those already published by ARSESP and implemented into our operational and corporate processes since 2011. For more information on ARSESP regulations, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Tariffs—Government Regulations Applicable to Our Contracts—Rules Enacted by ARSESP—Consumer Relations in the State of São Paulo”. New joint entities have been, and may continue to be, set up to oversee basic sanitation services in metropolitan regions, including the São Paulo metropolitan region. We cannot predict how the shared management of these operations will be carried out in the São Paulo metropolitan region and other metropolitan regions we operate or what effect this may have on our business, financial condition or results of operations. There are some pending cases before the Brazilian Supreme Court regarding whether the right to execute concession and program agreements in metropolitan regions belongs to the State or the municipal government. On February 28, 2013, the Brazilian Supreme Court decided a then pending case on this matter related to the state of Rio de Janeiro. A majority of the court held that the state of Rio de Janeiro must set up new entities to oversee the planning, regulation and auditing of basic sanitation services in the metropolitan region with the non-partisan participation of all the municipalities located in the metropolitan region. On March 6, 2013, the court ruled that this holding would come into effect in the state of Rio de Janeiro after a remaining appeal of its holding is decided. The court’s holding represents a new paradigm in the management and provision of services. The Supreme Court has yet to clarify the effects and extension of its decision. The São Paulo metropolitan region (including the municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis), to which a decision on such pending or new cases may apply, accounted for 67.3% of our gross operating revenue from services in 2015 (excluding revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure). In January 2015, the Federal Government issued the Metropolitan Bylaws (Law No. 13,089/2015) which establishes general guidelines for the planning, management and performance of public interest projects in metropolitan regions and in urban clusters instituted by the states; the general planning standards for integrated urban development and other international governance instruments; and the criteria to receive federal loans for initiatives related to international governance in the field of urban development. We cannot predict how the shared management of these operations will be carried out in the São Paulo metropolitan region and other municipalities in which we operate or what effect the shared management may have on our business, financial condition or results of operation. For more information on services in metropolitan regions, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview - Government Regulations Applicable to Our Contracts – Agreements with Municipalities and Metropolitan Regions”. 17 The terms of our agreement to provide water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo could have a material adverse effect on us. The provision of water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo accounted for 48.2% of our gross operating revenues (excluding revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure) in the year ended December 31, 2015. On June 23, 2010, the State and the city of São Paulo executed an agreement in the form of a convênio with our and ARSESP’s consent, under which they agreed to manage the planning and investment for the basic sanitation system of the city of São Paulo on a joint basis. In application of the convênio, we executed a separate contract dated June 23, 2010 with the State and the city of São Paulo, to regulate the provision of these services for the following 30 years. Among other principal terms of this separate agreement, we must transfer 7.5% of the gross revenues we derive under the convênio and subtract (i) COFINS and PASEP taxes and (ii) unpaid bills of publicly owned properties in the city of São Paulo, to the Municipal Fund for Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure (Fundo Municipal de Saneamento Ambiental e Infraestrutura), established by Municipal Law No. 14,934/2009. See “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions—Agreement with the State and the city of São Paulo” for further discussion of the principal terms of the convênio and principal terms of the separate contract we executed in application of the convênio. Because we were not previously required to transfer 7.5% of the gross revenues obtained from providing sanitation services in the municipality of São Paulo to the São Paulo Municipal Fund for Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure as established under the convênio, our existing tariff and adjustment formulas do not account for this requirement. Nonetheless, ARSESP is required to ensure that the tariffs will adequately compensate us for the services we provide, which includes the pass-through to tariffs. In March 2013, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 407/2013 authorizing us to pass through to the service bill the 7.5% transfer to the São Paulo Municipal Sanitation and Infrastructure Fund as a legal charge, as defined by municipal legislation. However, pursuant to the Program Contracts and the Sewage and Water Supply Service Contracts, this charge must be considered in the tariff revision. In April 2013, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 413/2013, which suspended Resolution No. 407/2013 until the tariff revision process is concluded, thereby postponing our authorization to pass the charge through to consumers on the service bill. The postponement of Resolution No. 407/2013 was due to a request from the São Paulo State Government to analyze, among other things, methods of reducing the impact on consumers. In April 2014, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 484/2014, (further ratified by Resolution No. 520, issued November 2014), which establishes the conclusion of the tariff revision. However, the State and the city of São Paulo requested to maintain the suspension of ARSESP Resolution No. 407/2013, postponing our authorization to pass the charge through to consumers on the service bill, until the revision of our contract with the State and city of São Paulo is concluded. In May 2014, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 488/2014, which maintained the suspension of Resolution ARSESP No. 407/2013 until the results are obtained in the revision of the contract signed between us, the city and the State of São Paulo, thereby delaying the authorization to pass the charge through to consumers on the service bill. We cannot know when we will be able to pass the 7.5% charge on to consumers through the service bill. As of December 31, 2015, we have transferred approximately R$1.8 billion to the São Paulo Municipal Fund for Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure since 2010. We cannot assure you when and how we will recover this amount. We cannot assure you that this charge will eventually be passed through to customers or that the continued delay in passing this charge through to customers will not further affect our financial condition. For additional information on ARSESP regulations, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Tariffs” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Government Regulations Applicable to Our Contracts— Agreements with Municipalities and Metropolitan Regions – Rules Enacted by ARSESP”. 18 We currently lack formal agreements or concessions with 53 of the municipalities to which we provide service, and 36 of our existing concession agreements will expire between 2016 and 2030. We may face difficulties in continuing to provide water and sewage services in return for payment in these and other municipalities, and we cannot assure you that they will continue to purchase services from us on the same terms or at all. As of December 31, 2015, we held formal 30-year agreements with 278 municipalities (including the city of São Paulo) of the 364 municipalities we serve. We entered into 4 of these agreements during 2015. The 278 municipalities with which we had formal agreements at year-end accounted for 78.6% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015, and 68.4% of our intangible assets as of December 31, 2015. Of the 53 served municipalities for which we lacked formal agreements at year-end, we were in the process of actively renegotiating with all municipalities. Together, these 53 municipalities accounted for 12.9% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 21.6% of our intangible assets as of that same date. Between 2016 and 2030, 36 of our existing concession agreements will expire. These 36 concession agreements accounted for 7.8% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 7.4% of our intangible assets as of that same date. We may not be able to continue providing service on current terms, or at all, in the municipalities for which we do not have formal agreements, including the 53 for which we are renegotiating expired agreements. In particular, the lack of formal concessions or contractual rights in these municipalities means that we may not be able to enforce our right to continue to provide services and we may face difficulties in being paid on a timely basis, or at all, for the unamortized assets. If we are successful in renegotiating the expired agreements, or executing formal agreements with the municipalities for which we have never had agreements, those agreements may not contain terms that are as favorable as those under which we currently operate. We cannot make any such assumption because the Basic Sanitation Law prevents us from planning, regulating and monitoring our services and it requires more stringent control by the municipalities or by ARSESP. The municipalities for which we do not have formal agreements may choose to start providing water and sewage services directly themselves, or may run public tenders to select another provider. They may set eligibility requirements for which we do not qualify and, if we do qualify and participate in these tenders, we may not win. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Our Operations” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview— Government Regulations Applicable to our Contracts - Contracts for the Provision of Essential Basic Sanitation Services in Brazil.” In the municipalities with which we did not have formal agreements by December 31, 2015, we continued operating with municipal approval or with judicial support. Municipalities may terminate our concessions before they expire in certain circumstances. The indemnification payments we receive in such cases may be less than the value of the investments we made. Municipalities have the right to terminate our concessions if we fail to comply with our contractual or legal obligations or if the municipality determines in an expropriation proceeding that early termination of the concession is in the public interest. If a municipality terminates our concession, we are entitled to be indemnified for the unamortized portion of our investments. The Basic Sanitation Law provides that on early termination of a concession, the entity that provides sanitation services should carry out a valuation of the assets that relate to the services provided, in order to calculate the unamortized portion of its investments. This valuation uses the criteria defined in the service contract or, in the absence of a contract, is based on customary practice with respect to the services for the preceding 20 years. The resulting indemnification payment may be less than the remaining value of the investments the sanitation service provider made. Nonetheless, the indemnification payments may not occur voluntarily by the municipality, creating an opportunity for judicial dispute. If faced with such a situation, there is the risk that the judicial decision will consider the indemnification as undue or set it at a lower value than that of our investments. With regard to our operations that lack contracts or have indefinite or overdue timeframes, the Basic Sanitation Law reduced the maximum time period for payment of indemnification in such cases to four years. This provision applies to concession agreements entered into prior to the enactment of the Basic Sanitation Law only to the extent that the concession agreement does not contain a contractual indemnification provision, or we have not otherwise entered into an agreement with the municipality with regard to such early termination. These provisions have not yet been tested by the courts and we are therefore unable to predict the effect of the Basic Sanitation Law on our rights to indemnification for the early termination of any particular concession. 19 In 1997, the municipality of Santos enacted a law in order to repossess our water and sewage systems in Santos. We adopted the necessary judicial measures to contest this and we filed an ordinary suit against the municipality of Santos, after which the appellate court issued a decision in our favor. The proceedings were terminated and we have continued operations in the municipality. In September 2015, the State of São Paulo and the municipality of Santos entered into a service provision contract, with the intervention and consent of ARSESP. Under this agreement, ARSESP exercises the duties of regulating and supervising the provision of water and basic sanitation services in Santos, while SABESP continues to be responsible for the provision of water and basic sanitation to the municipality of Santos for the next 30 years. In 1995, the municipality of Diadema terminated its concession agreement with us and did not pay the indemnification for our investments. In March 2014, we entered into an agreement with the municipality of Diadema to resolve water supply-related debt and indemnities. This agreement includes a contract to resume direct supply of water and sewage services to the municipality of Diadema for 30 years with the regulation and supervision of ARSESP. Guarantees are in place if the municipality of Diadema breaches the agreement entered into with us. Other municipalities may seek to terminate their concession agreements before the contractual expiration date. If this occurs and we do not receive adequate indemnification for our investments, or the indemnification is paid over an extended period, we may suffer material harm to our financial position. We may face difficulties in collecting overdue amounts owed to us by municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis and municipal government entities. As of December 31, 2015, our total accounts receivable was R$4,817.4 million. Of this amount, certain municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis owed us R$2,311.3 million, and certain municipal government entities owed us R$710.4 million. Of the total amount owed by municipalities, R$237.8 million was overdue by between 30 and 360 days and R$2,047.7 million was overdue by over 360 days. The Brazilian courts are entitled to obligate us to continue to supply water to these municipalities, even when we have not received payments due to us. We have no way of ensuring that negotiations with these municipalities or legal action taken against the municipalities will result in payments being made. Some entities associated with municipal governments for which we provide services also do not make regular payments. We cannot guarantee if or when these entities will make payments on a regular basis or pay the amounts owed to us. If the municipalities and related entities do not pay the amounts owed to us, we may experience a further material adverse effect on our financial position. Aiming to revolve existing debts with the municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis, in 2015 we intensified the process of collecting the debts for the provision of water and basic sanitation through the Single Registry of Debtors of São Paulo (Cadastro Único de Devedores de São Paulo), or State CADIN. With regard to three municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis, Santo André, Guarulhos and Mauá, in October 2015 and January 2016 we had executed Protocols of Intentions with each of them, to prepare studies and evaluations aimed at resolving commercial relations and exiting debts between these municipalities and us. For more information on wholesale operations, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Our Operations—Description of Our Activities—Wholesale Operations”. Any failure to obtain new financing may adversely affect our ability to continue our capital expenditure program. Our capital expenditure program will require resources of approximately R$12.5 billion in the period from 2016 through 2020. In 2015 we recorded R$3.5 billion in capital expenditures. In addition to cash generated by our operations, we have funded and intend to continue funding these capital expenditures with issuances of debt securities in the domestic and international capital markets as well as borrowings in Brazilian reais and foreign currencies. A significant portion of our financing needs is obtained through long-term financing at attractive interest rates from Brazilian federal public banks, multilateral agencies and international governmental development banks. If the Brazilian government changes its policies regarding the financing of water and sewage services, or if we fail to obtain long-term financing at attractive interest rates from domestic and international multilateral agencies and development banks in the future, we may not be able to meet our obligations or finance our capital expenditure program, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. 20 Furthermore, Brazilian public and private financial institutions are legally limited up to a certain percentage of their shareholder’s equity to provide loans to public sector entities, including, for example, us. These limitations could adversely affect our ability to continue our capital expenditure program. Our debt includes financial covenants that impose indebtedness limits on us. Our failure to comply with these covenants could seriously impair our ability to finance our capital expenditure program, which could have a material adverse effect on us. For further information on these covenants, see “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Sources—Indebtedness Financing—Financial Covenants”. Compliance with environmental laws and environmental liability payments could have a material adverse effect on us. We are subject to extensive Brazilian federal, state and municipal laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and the environment. These laws and regulations set potable water standards and limit or prohibit the discharge or spillage of effluent produced in our operations, particularly raw sewage. We occasionally suffer accidents such as leakages or breaks in pipes that could lead to liability for damages under environmental law. We could be subject to various types of criminal, administrative and civil proceedings for non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations that could expose us to penalties and criminal sanctions, such as fines, closure orders and significant indemnification obligations. The scope and enforcement of environmental laws in Brazil are becoming more stringent, and our capital expenditures and environmental compliance costs may increase substantially as a result. These expenses may lead us to reduce expenditure on strategic investments, which could harm our business. In addition, Brazilian courts are enforcing environmental laws more stringently than in the past, which may result in fines or liability for damages that are significantly higher than those we currently anticipate. We are party to various environmental proceedings that could have a material adverse impact on us, including civil processes and investigations relating to the release of untreated sewage into waterways and the disposal of sludge generated by treatment plants. We are also involved in proceedings challenging the extraction of water resources in the face of the current water crisis. Any unfavorable judgment in relation to these proceedings, or any material unforeseen environmental liabilities, may have a material adverse effect on us. For further information on these proceedings, see “Item 8.A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings”. For further information on investments in environmental programs, see “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company—Main Projects of our Capital Expenditure Program”, “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Sewage Treatment and Disposal”, “Item 4.B Business Overview—Environmental Matters” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Environmental Regulation”. For further information on the Water Crisis, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. New laws and regulations relating to climate change and changes in existing regulation, as well as the escalation of the physical effects of extreme weather events, may result in increased liabilities and increased capital expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Current federal, state and municipal laws and regulations on climate change establish global goals, which we will have to meet, concerning greenhouse gas emissions and this may require us to increase our investments in order to comply with these laws. Currently, such goals have not yet been established for the sanitation sector, however, if we increase our capital expenditures for this purpose, we may be required to reduce expenditures on other strategic investments. In addition, climate change may lead to increased frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts or torrential rain, which may affect our ability to deliver our services and require us to strengthen our actions such as: investing in seeking new water sources located further from major consumer centers; 21 investing in new technologies; improvement of water conservation practices and demand management alternatives such as economic mechanisms or educational programs; and increasing the capacity of our water reserves. Extreme weather events such as torrential rain may also cause impacts to our installations that can lead to negative impacts to the environment and society. A rise in sea level could result in increased salinity in the river estuaries where we abstract water, which could affect water treatment in these areas. Rising sea levels could also cause damage in our sewage collection network. Additionally, increases in air temperature could affect demand for water. Increased frequency of extreme weather events may also further reduce water levels in the reservoirs that power hydroelectric power plants in Brazil, which may cause energy shortages and increase electricity prices, which may adversely affect our costs and operations. We cannot predict all of the effects of extreme weather events, therefore making it difficult to predict necessary investments. We have not provisioned any funds for climate change events as current technology and scientific understandings of climate change make it difficult to predict potential expenses and liabilities. We may be required to adopt new norms to improve our energy use efficiency and minimize the release of greenhouse gases when we renew the environmental licenses for the systems already in operation or when we obtain environmental licenses for new enterprises. We may need to make substantial new expenditures, either to comply with new environmental regulations linked to climate change or to prevent or correct the physical effects of extreme weather events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. For more information, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Environmental Matters—Climate Change Regulations: Reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Emissions” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Energy Consumption”. Any substantial monetary judgment against us in legal proceedings may have a material adverse effect on us. We are party to a number of legal proceedings involving significant monetary claims. These legal proceedings include, among others, civil, tax, labor, corporate and environmental issues. As of December 31, 2015, the total value of all outstanding claims against us was R$47,936.8 million (net of R$386.3 million in escrow deposits). A substantial monetary judgment against us in one or more of these legal proceedings may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. We have provisioned a total aggregate amount of R$1,082.2 million (net of escrow deposits) as of December 31, 2015 to cover probable losses related to legal proceedings. This provision does not cover all legal proceedings involving monetary claims filed against us and it may be insufficient to cover our liabilities related to these claims. Any unfavorable judgment in relation to these proceedings may have a material adverse effect on us. For more information, see “Item 8.A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings”. Risks Relating to Our Common Shares and ADSs We may not always be in a position to pay dividends or interest on shareholders’ equity and ADSs. Depending on our future results, our shareholders may not receive dividends or interest on own capital if we do not generate a profit. Despite the requirement to distribute a minimum of 25% of our annual net income to shareholders, our future financial position may not permit us to distribute dividends or pay interest on own capital. The relative volatility and illiquidity of the Brazilian securities markets may substantially limit your ability to sell our common shares underlying the ADSs at the price and time you desire. Investing in securities from emerging markets such as Brazil involves greater risk than investing in securities of issuers in major securities markets, and these investments are often considered to be more speculative in nature. The Brazilian securities market is substantially smaller, less liquid, more concentrated and can be more volatile than major securities markets. Accordingly, although you are entitled to withdraw the common shares underlying the ADSs from the depositary at any time, your ability to sell the common shares underlying the ADSs at a price and time at which you wish to do so may be substantially limited. There is also significantly greater concentration in the Brazilian securities market than in major securities markets. The ten largest companies in terms of market capitalization represented approximately 51% of the aggregate market capitalization of the BM&FBOVESPA as of December 31, 2015. 22 Investors who exchange ADSs for common shares may lose their ability to remit foreign currency abroad and obtain Brazilian tax advantages. The Brazilian custodian for the common shares underlying our ADSs must obtain a certificate of registration from the Central Bank in order to be entitled to remit U.S. dollars abroad for payments of dividends and other distributions relating to our common shares or upon sales of our common shares. If an ADR holder decides to exchange ADSs for the underlying common shares, the holder will be entitled to continue to rely on the custodian’s certificate of registration for five business days from the date of exchange. After that period, the holder may not be able to obtain and remit U.S. dollars abroad upon sale of our common shares, or distributions relating to our common shares, unless he or she obtains his or her own certificate of registration or registers the investment under CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014, dated September 29, 2014, which entitles registered foreign investors (the “4,373 Holder”) to buy and sell on a Brazilian stock exchange. If the holder does not obtain a certificate of registration or register under Resolution No. 4,373/2014, the holder will generally be subject to less favorable tax treatment on gains with respect to our common shares. If a holder attempts to obtain his or her own certificate of registration, the holder may incur expenses or suffer delays in the application process, which could delay his or her ability to receive dividends or distributions relating to our common shares or the return of his or her capital in a timely manner. The custodian’s certificate of registration or any foreign capital registration obtained by a holder may be affected by future legislative changes, and additional restrictions applicable to the holder, the disposition of the underlying common shares or the repatriation of the proceeds of disposition may be imposed in the future. A holder of common shares or ADSs may face difficulties in protecting his or her interests as a shareholder because we are a Brazilian mixed capital company. We are a mixed capital company (sociedade de economia mista) organized under the laws of Brazil, and all of our directors and officers and our controlling shareholder reside in Brazil. All of our assets are located in Brazil. As a result, it may not be possible for a holder to effect service of process upon us or these other persons within the United States or other jurisdictions outside Brazil or to enforce against us or these other persons judgments obtained in the United States or other jurisdictions outside Brazil. Because judgments of U.S. courts for civil liabilities based upon the U.S. federal securities laws may only be enforced in Brazil if certain requirements are met, a holder may face more difficulty in protecting his or her interests in the case of actions by our directors, officers or our controlling shareholder than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a state or other jurisdiction of the United States. In addition, under Brazilian law, none of our assets which are essential to our ability to render public services are subject to seizure or attachment. Furthermore, the execution of a judgment against our controlling shareholder may be delayed, since the State may only be able to pay a judgment if it is provided for in its budget in a subsequent fiscal year. None of the public property of our controlling shareholder is available for seizure or attachment, either prior to or after judgment. Mandatory arbitration provisions in our bylaws may limit the ability of a holder of our ADSs to enforce liability under U.S. securities laws. Under our bylaws, any disputes among us, our shareholders and our management with respect to the Novo Mercado rules, Law No. 6,404 of December 15, 1976, as amended (“Brazilian Corporate Law”) and Brazilian capital markets regulations will be resolved by arbitration conducted pursuant to the BM&FBOVESPA Arbitration Rules in the Market Arbitration Chamber. Any disputes among shareholders and ADR holders, and any disputes between us and our shareholders and ADR holders, will also be submitted to arbitration. As a result, a court in the United States might require that a claim brought by an ADR holder predicated upon the U.S. securities laws be submitted to arbitration in accordance with our bylaws. In that event, a purchaser of ADSs would be effectively precluded from pursuing remedies under the U.S. securities laws in the U.S. courts. 23 A holder of our common shares and ADSs might be unable to exercise preemptive rights and tag-along rights with respect to the common shares. U.S. holders of common shares and ADSs may not be able to exercise the preemptive rights and tag-along rights relating to common shares unless a registration statement under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, is effective with respect to those rights or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. We are not obligated to file a registration statement with respect to our common shares relating to these rights, and we cannot assure you that we will file any such registration statement. Unless we file a registration statement or an exemption from registration is available, an ADR holder may receive only the net proceeds from the sale of his or her preemptive rights and tag-along rights or, if these rights cannot be sold, they will lapse and the ADR holder will receive no value for them. Holders of our ADSs do not have the same voting rights as our shareholders. Holders of our ADSs do not have the same voting rights as holders of our shares. Holders of our ADSs are entitled to the contractual rights set forth for their benefit under the deposit agreements. ADS holders exercise voting rights by providing instructions to the depositary, as opposed to attending shareholders meetings or voting by other means available to shareholders. In practice, the ability of a holder of ADSs to instruct the depositary as to voting will depend on the timing and procedures for providing instructions to the depositary, either directly or through the holder’s custodian and clearing system. The deposit agreement also provides that if the depositary does not receive any instructions from a holder of ADRs, the ADR holder may be deemed to have given a discretionary proxy to a person designated by our company and the underlying shares may be voted by such person. However, we have chosen not to designate any person to exercise these deemed proxy rights with respect to any annual or special general meetings, and ADSs for which no specific voting instructions were received by the Depositary were therefore not voted at that meeting. ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY A. History and Development of the Company Overview Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo – SABESP is a mixed capital company (sociedade de economia mista) with limited liability. We were incorporated on September 6, 1973 under the laws of the Federative Republic of Brazil. We are registered with the Commercial Registry of the State of São Paulo (Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo) under registration number NIRE 35300016831. Our principal executive offices are located at Rua Costa Carvalho, 300, 05429-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Our telephone number is +55 11 3388-8000. Our agent for service of process in the United States is CT Corporation System, with offices at 818 West Seventh Street – Team 1, Los Angeles, CA 90017. We are allowed to operate, in a subsidiary form, in other Brazilian locations and abroad. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview— Government Regulations Applicable to Our Contracts—Contracts for the Provision of Essential Basic Sanitation Services in Brazil”. We believe we are one of the largest water and sewage service providers in the world (based on the number of customers in 2013, according to the 14th edition of the Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook 2012-2013, the most recent edition released of this study). We operate water and sewage systems in the state of São Paulo, which includes the city of São Paulo, Brazil’s largest city. According to the IBGE, the state of São Paulo is Brazil’s most populous state and the state with the highest gross domestic product, or GDP, in Brazil. For the year ended December 31, 2015, we generated net revenue of R$11,711.6 million and net income of R$536.3 million. Our total assets amounted to R$33,706.6 million and our total shareholders’ equity amounted to R$13,716.6 million as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, we provided water and sewage services to a broad range of residential, commercial, industrial and governmental customers in 364 of the 645 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, including the city of São Paulo. Substantially all of our concessions or program agreements have 30-year terms. At year-end 2015 we lacked formal agreements for 53 of the municipalities we serve, each of which we are currently in the process of renegotiation. From January 1, 2016 through 2030, 36 further concessions will expire, and we will seek to replace them with program agreements. In addition to the 364 municipalities we served, we also provided water service to the municipality of Mogi das Cruzes, pursuant to two partial water contracts under which we service only certain neighborhoods of that municipality. See “Presentation of Financial and Other Information—Other Information—Our Contracts and the Municipalities We Serve”. 24 We also supply water on a wholesale basis to 5 municipalities in the São Paulo metropolitan region in which we do not operate water distribution systems (together covering a total estimated urban population of approximately 3.1 million). 4 of these municipalities also utilize our sewage treatment services. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the São Paulo metropolitan region (including the municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis) accounted for 67.3% of our gross operating revenue (excluding revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure), while the Regional Systems accounted for 32.7%. As of December 31, 2015, we provided water services through 8.4 million water connections to approximately 25.5 million people, representing approximately 60% of the urban population of the state of São Paulo, and had a water coverage ratio of approximately 99% in respect of all regions. As of that date, we provided sewage services through 6.9 million sewage connections to approximately 22.8 million people and had an effective sewage coverage ratio of 86%. As of December 31, 2015, we operated using 71,705 kilometers of water pipes and water transmission lines and 48,774 kilometers of sewer lines. We also provide water and/or sewage services to 4 other municipalities through special purpose companies. In addition, we provide consulting services regarding the rational use of water and financial, commercial and operational management in Panama, Honduras and Nicaragua. We serve Panama and Honduras through an agreement with the consultancy firm Latin Consult. We also have two partnerships with other companies: Aquapolo Ambiental S.A., a joint venture with a private sanitation services operator, and Attend Ambiental S.A., a joint venture with Estre Ambiental S.A. Aquapolo Ambiental S.A. commenced operations in the second half of 2012 and operates the largest water recycling facility in the southern hemisphere. Aquapolo Ambiental S.A. has the capacity to supply up to 1,000 liters per second to industries in the Capuava petrochemical cluster of the São Paulo metropolitan region. Attend Ambiental commenced operations in the second half of 2014 to operate a pre-treatment plant for non-domestic effluent in the São Paulo metropolitan region. The State of São Paulo, our controlling shareholder, is required by State Law No. 11,454/2003 to own at least 50% plus one of our common shares. As of April, 22, 2016, the State owned 50.3% of our outstanding common shares. As a mixed capital company, we are an integral part of the State governmental structure. Our strategy and major policy decisions are formulated in conjunction with the State Secretariat for Sanitation and Water Resources as part of the State’s overall strategic planning. The majority of the members of our board of directors and our board of executive officers are nominated by the State government. In addition, our capital expenditure budget is subject to approval by the State legislature and is approved in conjunction with the budget of the State Secretariat for Sanitation and Water Resources as a whole. Our financial statements and accounting records are subject to review by the State Accounts Tribunal (Tribunal de Contas), as are all accounts of the State. Our results of operations and financial condition are generally affected (i) by our ability to raise tariffs, control costs and improve productivity, (ii) the general economic conditions in Brazil and abroad; and (iii) climate conditions. In order to supply water to the São Paulo metropolitan region, we use water from eight systems, most of which were affected by the most severe drought in our service region in the last 85 years, of which the Cantareira System, our largest water system, was the most affected. As a result of the drought and the low water inflow in the Cantareira System, DAEE and ANA, since 2014, have continuously regulated the volume of water we are permitted to extract from this system, authorizing us to extract between 13 m³/s and 14 m³/s in the most drastic moments of the crisis. Until the renewal of our water right which shall occur in May 2017, the volume of water that we have been authorized to extract from the Cantareira System has been communicated to us via monthly notices according to the behavior of rainfall, water inflow, level of water in our reservoirs and our requests to extract water based on this information. Due to the return of normal rainfall levels beginning in October 2015, as of February 2016 we have been allowed to extract 23 m³/s of water. 25 In order to balance supply and demand despite the restricted water availability, we adopted throughout 2014 and 2015 a series of initiatives, amongst which including: (i) using treated water from other production systems to serve consumers originally supplied by the Cantareira system; (ii) to offer discounts (bonus) to consumers that use below average amounts of water, compared to average consumption; (iii) reducing pressure in the water distribution lines in order to decrease leakage; (iv) adjusting the volume of water sold to municipalities that operate their own distribution network; and (v) using pumps in order to extract water located below the intakes of the Cantareira system, from the so-called “technical reserve”. Due to the return of normal rainfall levels in the rainy season beginning in October 2015, as of January 2016 it was no longer necessary to pump water out of the technical reserve of the Cantareira system and we modified the rules for obtaining discounts (bonus) in February 2016. In addition, as of December 2015, the time period during which water is pumped out at reduced pressure in the water distribution lines is returning to the normal nighttime period, as it was prior to the water crisis. In March 2016, as a result of the increased level of rainfall and increased predictability of the level of water in our reservoirs, we requested to ARSESP the cancellations of our Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program and of the Contingency Tariff. ARSESP approved our requests in the end of March 2016 and the aforementioned policy changes shall be applied to water meter readings recorded as of May 1, 2016. For further information on the water crisis see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. Our Strengths We believe that our strong business position and future prospects derive from the following strengths: Well-established business with significant size, scale and know-how to operate in complex urban settings. We believe we are one of the largest water and sewage service providers in the world. We provide water services directly to approximately 25.5 million people and supply water on a wholesale basis to an additional urban population of approximately 3.1 million people. As of December 31, 2015, we had an effective water coverage ratio of approximately 99% in respect of all regions in which we operate. We also provide sewage services directly to approximately 22.8 million people, achieving an effective sewage coverage ratio of 86% in respect of all regions in which we operate as of December 31, 2015. Our significant size and scale have required us to operate in complex urban settings such as shantytowns (favelas) and environments without urban planning, thereby enabling us to develop well-trained personnel, skills for operating in adverse conditions that we believe our competitors lack. Operations in Brazil’s most populous and wealthy state. The state of São Paulo, which is located in the most developed and economically active region of Brazil, is the most populous state in Brazil, with an estimated total population of 45 million as of December 31, 2015. The city of São Paulo had an estimated total population of 11.1 million as of the same date, while the São Paulo metropolitan region had a total population of 21.4 million. Based on its GDP, the state of São Paulo is the wealthiest state and largest economy in Brazil. The GDP of the state of São Paulo was approximately R$1.7 trillion in 2013, representing approximately 32.1% of Brazil’s total GDP, according to the most recent data collected by the IBGE. The state of São Paulo generates more revenue from water and sewage services than any other Brazilian state. Strong Base of Contracted Business. Between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015, we executed 30-year agreements with 278 of the 364 municipalities we serve, including an agreement with the city of São Paulo, in June 2010, and Santos in September 2015. For the year ended December 31, 2015, income from these 30-year agreements accounted for 78.6% of our gross operating revenues (including revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure). Access to low-cost and diverse sources of financing. Our strong cash flow generation from operations and our role as an essential public service provider places us in a privileged position in our industry to obtain low cost, long-term financing from Brazilian public banks, and domestic and international multilateral agencies and development banks. We do not depend on a limited number of sources of financing, but instead have access to various funding alternatives in the Brazilian and international markets to fund our working capital needs and our capital expenditure programs. Strong corporate governance practices. In 2002, we joined the Novo Mercado segment of the BM&FBOVESPA, which is the listing segment in Brazil with the highest corporate governance requirements. As a result, we are committed to certain corporate governance standards that are not otherwise required by Brazilian law, which provides heightened protection to our shareholders and enhances the quality of information we disclose to the market. From December 1, 2007 until 2015, we were part of the BM&FBOVESPA Corporate Sustainability Index, or ISE. Due to the need to focus the attention of all our departments to overcome the water crisis, we decided not to participate in the selection process to be a part of the ISE in 2016. 26 High quality operations. We believe that we adhere to high standards of service and employ the best available technology in the sanitation business to control the quality of the water we abstract, process and distribute. Of our 16 laboratories in total, our central laboratory and 13 of our regional laboratories are accredited by the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Standardization and Industrial Quality, or INMETRO, and comply with the ABNT NBR ISO IEC 17025 standard, thereby assuring the quality and accuracy of our test results. Moreover, our laboratories and field teams use the latest equipment to detect substances controlled by regulations and have highly trained teams to handle contingencies and customer complaints. We believe our technology enhances the efficiency and quality of our operations. Our Strategy Our mission is to provide water and sewage services, contributing to improvements in quality of life and the environment and our goal for the future is to become a global reference in the provision of basic sanitation services in a sustainable, competitive and innovative manner, focused on the needs of our clients. To this end, our strategic objectives are based upon the guiding principles of water safety, quality in the provision of services, sustainability, integration and fostering relationships, innovation and technology, valorization of our personnel and increasing sewage treatment. Our strategic objectives also focus on our political and institutional relationships as well as on our commitment to the market to increase shareholder value. Due to changes in macroeconomic conditions, the water crisis and consequent impacts on our business, our strategy is currently under revision. Commencing in late 2015 and continuing in 2016, this revised strategy will determine our objectives and targets for the next decade. We seek to implement these guiding principles through the following strategies: Continue to seek growth while improving our financial results by reducing operating costs, increasing productivity and profitability and prudently managing our levels of indebtedness. We aim to apply our principles of financial growth and sustainability to each business unit, assigning goals and setting clear responsibilities to each unit so as to strengthen our financial results. To achieve this goal, we intend to use our best efforts to reduce operating costs and increase productivity and profitability. We plan to improve the management of our assets, as well as to continue to reduce our total operating expenses by automating some of our facilities, streamlining operational processes, implementing integrated planning and further investing in internal technological research and development. We also plan to continue our efforts to improve our collection of overdue accounts receivable from municipalities to which we provide services, from the State and from other governmental entities, including by exploring opportunities to offset these outstanding debts against certain possessory or property rights over utilities relating to water and sewage systems. We intend to continue to fund our working capital needs and estimated capital expenditure programs with diversified sources of financing, such as domestic and international development banks and multilateral agencies. We will continue to seek market opportunities for low-cost financing and restructuring of our indebtedness if and when advantageous and appropriate. Improve operating efficiency and reduce water loss. We seek to reduce both physical water loss, which results mainly from leakage; non-physical water loss, which results primarily from inaccurate water meters installed at customers’ premises and at our water treatment facilities; and clandestine and illegal water use. In order to achieve more consistent long-term results, we have developed a comprehensive 12 year program to reduce our water loss rate. The first four years of the program from 2009 to 2012 were funded by Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, or “BNDES”. From 2013 to 2019, part of the program will be funded by a loan granted by the government of Japan through the Japan International Cooperation Agency, or “JICA”. In October, 2015, we asked JICA for a term extension in order conclude construction work that is within the scope of financing, due to changes in economic conditions in Brazil. The exchange rate changed significantly last year, with the depreciation of real. This situation, combined with the negative impact of the current water crisis on our revenue for 2015 and the need to prioritize investment in water production, impacted our ability to invest, resulting in the need to increase the term of JICA loan. Therefore, the period the program will be funded by the JICA loan will extend until 2019. For more information on the program to reduce water loss, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview— Corporate Program for Reduction of Water Loss”. 27 Ensure the quality and availability of our services in our existing service area. Our goal is to maintain an effective water coverage ratio of around 100%, coupled with a high standard of quality and availability, and meet the expected population growth by adding 816 thousands water connections between 2016 and 2020. We also intend to increase our sewage coverage ratio to 95% by 2020 by adding 1.19 million sewage connections. In addition, we are also developing short, medium and long-term marketing strategies, such as client segmentation and tailor-made solutions for different types of clients, which we believe will help us increase our customer base. We also seek to improve our customer support strategies by modernizing our telephone-based and internet-based customer support and to continuously measure the level of satisfaction of our clients. Maintain and continue to expand our existing service areas. We intend to maintain and expand our operating base by executing new agreements. To this end, we are actively seeking to develop closer relationships with the municipal governments that we currently serve in order to increase customer loyalty and thereby renew all or substantially all our concession agreements as they expire. In June 2010, we entered into a 30-year agreement with the State and city of São Paulo for the provision of water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo, which in the year ended December 31, 2015 accounted for 48.2% of our gross operating revenues (excluding revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure). Between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015, we entered into agreements with 278 municipalities (including our services agreement with the city of São Paulo), of which 4 were entered into in 2015. These 278 municipalities accounted for 78.6% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 68.4% of our intangible assets as of the same date. As of December 31, 2015, 53 of our concessions had expired and are currently being renegotiated. These 53 municipalities accounted for 12.9% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 21.6% of our intangible assets as of the same date. From January 1, 2016 through 2030, 36 concession agreements, accounting for 7.8% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 7.4% of our intangible assets as of the same date, will expire. In 2015 we invested R$3.5 billion and between 2016 and 2020 we plan to invest an additional R$12.5 billion to improve and expand our water and sewage system, increase water security, and meet the growing demand for water and sewage services in the state of São Paulo, thereby encouraging these customers to continue using our services. We also regularly explore the possibility of executing agreements for the provision of water and sewage services in municipalities in the state of São Paulo in which we currently have no operations or to which we currently supply water and provide sewage treatment solely on a wholesale basis, which together represent a total population of approximately 17 million. We evaluate possible expansion opportunities in terms of proximity to our existing service areas to maximize return on investment and improve our financial performance. We also intend to study and take advantage of opportunities in other Brazilian states and in other countries to expand our services and increase our market share. Expand our water and sewage services. We had an effective sewage coverage ratio of 86% as of December 31, 2015 and plan to increase this ratio to 95% by 2020 by adding over 1.19 million sewage connections and sewage treatment from 78% to 95% by 2020. These investments are necessary to restore the quality of the rivers and lakes, providing new sources for water supply. In addition, there are municipalities in the state of São Paulo representing a total population of approximately 17 million to which we currently do not provide water or sewage services, or to which we currently supply water solely on a wholesale basis. Our strong presence in the State and experience in providing water and sewage services places us in a privileged position to expand our sewage services to these additional municipalities in the state of São Paulo as well as to other Brazilian states and abroad. Furthermore, we seek to deepen our relationships with strategic clients that consume high volumes of water (more than 500 cubic meters per month) by applying special tariffs to these clients. For more information, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Description of our Activities—Sewage Operation” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Competition” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Tariffs”. Seek selective opportunities to expand our business. In accordance with our bylaws, our activities comprise water supply, sanitary sewage services, urban rainwater management and drainage services, urban cleaning services, solid waste management services, and also related activities, including the planning, operation, maintenance and commercialization of energy, and the commercialization of services, products, benefits and rights that directly or indirectly arise from our assets, operations and activities. We are allowed to act, in a subsidiary form, in other Brazilian locations and abroad. Since 2008, we have expanded into activities that complement water and sewage services in which we may leverage our know-how, size, scale and profitability. These activities include consulting and management of sanitation systems. 28 The following services have already been completed: Under an agreement with Latin Consult, we provided consulting services to seven municipalities in Honduras to implement a new commercial and operational management model. We worked with the basic sanitation company of the state of Alagoas to provide technology for the reduction of water loss in the city of Maceió. Under this type of contract, we were remunerated based on our success rate, or more specifically, we profited based on the reduction of water loss achieved in the city of Maceió. We developed the sanitation plan for the municipality of Barro Alto in the state of Goiás. We concluded the implementation and the customization of our Aqualog software in the Sanitation Company of Espírito Santo (Companhia Espírito Santense de Saneamento’s - CESAN) water treatment plant in the municipality of Nova Venécia in the state of Espírito Santo. Attend Ambiental S.A., a joint venture with Estre Ambiental S.A., commenced operation of a pre-treatment and processing plant for non-domestic effluent in the São Paulo metropolitan region during the second half of 2014. The following services are still in the process of completion: An agreement with Latin Consult, we are providing consulting services to the Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Nacionales, the company responsible for water and sewage services in Panama, to assist with sustainable water use and implement a new model for commercial, financial and operational planning and management. The contract is expected to end in 2016. Since 2014, we have been working in Nicaragua, focusing on consulting and training in management and in the reduction of water loss. This work is scheduled to end in 2016 and is part of an agreement between Brazil and Japan, in which a bilateral technical cooperation agreement was formalized between us and Empresa Nicaragüense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ENACAL) in Nicaragua. We formed Paulista Geradora de Energia, a joint venture with Servtec Investimentos e Participações Ltda. and Tecniplan Engenharia e Comércio Ltda., in which we will install two small hydroelectric power plants with a total capacity of 7 MW. One of the hydroelectric power plants will be built in our water treatment plant in Guaraú. The plants are scheduled to begin operating in the second half of 2017. Establish efficient and competitive ways of attracting, retaining and motivating our personnel. We intend to become a reference in human resource management, recognition. We seek to raise workplace satisfaction levels by establishing programs for the professional and providing our personnel with growth opportunities and personal development of our employees, setting competitive benefit packages and creating a healthy and collaborative work environment. Streamline internal processes. We are implementing plans to increase our speed and productivity in responding to regulatory changes; to strengthen and streamline our financial, commercial and administrative structure; to provide a solid and integral base of information to support the decision-making process; and to increase the efficiency of our operations while also reducing costs. To this end, we invest in information technology to guarantee the resiliency of our business, thus providing an environment of agile, dynamic and secure information technology, capable of absorbing the demand elasticity of our mission-critical systems and of guaranteeing its continuity in case of datacenter failure (including systematic, technological and infrastructure remodeling) and procedures to conform to the best information technology and corporate governance practices. Additionally, in 2012 we began implementing an enterprise resourcing planning, or “ERP system”, to replace our commercial and management information systems. We contracted through a bidding process the Águas Claras Consortium, currently Consórcio Nascente, which consists of Accenture and Engineering and which will provide us with SAP’s ERP system and the Net@suite system. We estimated that the ERP system would have been implemented in 2014 and the Net@suite in 2015, but during the test phase we concluded that some important system functionalities should have been adjusted and exhaustively tested before being implemented in order to minimize risks to our business which led us to postpone the implementation to 2016 and 2017, respectively. 29 Manage the current adverse climate conditions and mitigate their negative impact. Our goal is to consistently meet the needs of our consumers with our services, and in 2014 and 2015, we managed to do so despite the water crisis. In 2014 and 2015, we invested approximately R$730 million to mitigate the impacts of the water crisis and provide the São Paulo metropolitan region with better access to water sources, more robust production and transport capacity of treated water and increase treated water capacity. Furthermore, we have planned a series of short-term and medium-term measures that we expect will increase the ability of our immediate water supply to cope with the water crisis and significantly improve future water security by the end of the decade. For more information, see “— Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. We believe that our overall strategy will enable us to meet the demand for high quality water and sewage services in the state of São Paulo as well as in other Brazilian states and abroad, while creating shareholder value and strengthening our results of operations and our financial conditions. State of São Paulo The state of São Paulo is one of 26 states that, together with the Federal District of Brasília, constitute the Federative Republic of Brazil. The state of São Paulo is located in the southeastern region of the country, which also includes the States of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, and which is, according to IBGE, the most developed and economically active region of Brazil. The state of São Paulo is located on the Atlantic coast of Brazil and is bordered by the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais to the north, the state of Paraná to the south and the state of Mato Grosso do Sul to the west. The state of São Paulo occupies approximately 3.0% of Brazil’s land mass and encompasses an area amounting to approximately 96,000 square miles. According to the SEADE, the state of São Paulo had an estimated total population of 45 million as of December 31, 2015. The city of São Paulo, capital of the state of São Paulo, had an estimated total population of 11.1 million, with a total population of 21.4 million inhabitants in the São Paulo metropolitan region, as of December 31, 2015. The São Paulo metropolitan region encompasses 39 municipalities and is the largest metropolitan region in the Americas and the fourth largest metropolitan region in the world, according to the United Nations’ World Urbanization Prospects, 2014 Revision, with approximately 47% of the total population of the state of São Paulo as of December 31, 2015. According to the most recent data collected by the IBGE, the GDP of the state of São Paulo was approximately R$1.7 trillion in 2013, representing approximately 32.1% of Brazil’s total GDP, and making it the largest economy of any state in Brazil based on GDP. According to the IBGE, the state of São Paulo is also the leading Brazilian state in terms of manufacturing and industrial activity, with a strong position in car manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, computer manufacturing, steel making and financial services industries. The state of São Paulo is the leading export state in Brazil, plastics, among other activities, as well as a leading position in the banking and according to the Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior). History Until the end of the nineteenth century, water and sewage services in the state of São Paulo were generally provided by private companies. In 1875, the Province of São Paulo granted a concession for the provision of water and sewage services to Cantareira Water and Sewage Company (Companhia Cantareira de Água e Esgotos). In 1893, the government of the Province of São Paulo assumed responsibility for the provision of water and sewage services from Cantareira Water and Sewage Company and formed the Office of Water and Sewers (Repartição de Água e Esgotos), a government agency. Since that time, water and sewage services in the São Paulo metropolitan region have been administered by the State government. Historically, water and sewage services in substantially all other municipalities of the State were administered directly by the municipalities, either by municipal water and sewage departments or through autarquias of the municipal government. Autarquias are relatively autonomous public bodies with separate legal standing, assets and revenues, created by law to carry out the administration of public services where the government deems that a decentralized administrative and financial structure would be advantageous. 30 In 1954, in response to dramatic population growth in the São Paulo metropolitan region, the State government created the Department of Water and Sewers (Departamento de Águas e Esgotos) as an autarquia of the State. The Department of Water and Sewers provided water and sewage services to various municipalities in the São Paulo metropolitan region. A major restructuring of the entities providing water and sewage services in the state of São Paulo occurred in 1968, with the creation of the Water Company of the São Paulo metropolitan Region (Companhia Metropolitana de Água de São Paulo), or the “COMASP”, the purpose of which was to provide potable water on a wholesale basis for public consumption in the various municipalities of the São Paulo metropolitan region. All assets relating to the production of potable water for the São Paulo metropolitan region previously owned by the Department of Water and Sewers were transferred to COMASP. In 1970, the State government created the Superintendence of Water and Sewers of the City of São Paulo (Superintendência de Água e Esgoto da Capital), or the “SAEC”, to distribute water and collect sewage in the city of São Paulo. All assets relating to water services previously owned by the Department of Water and Sewers were transferred to the SAEC. Also in 1970, the State created the Basic Sanitation Company of the São Paulo metropolitan Region (Companhia Metropolitana de Saneamento de São Paulo), or the SANESP, to provide sewage treatment services for the São Paulo metropolitan region. All assets relating to sewage services previously owned by the Department of Water and Sewers were transferred to the SANESP. The Department of Water and Sewers was subsequently closed. On June 29, 1973, pursuant to State Law No. 119/1973, COMASP, SAEC and SANESP merged to form our Company with the purpose of implementing the directives of the Brazilian government set forth in the National Water Supply and Sanitation Plan (Plano Nacional de Saneamento). We were incorporated under the laws of Brazil as a limited company (sociedade anônima), for indefinite duration. The National Water Supply and Sanitation Plan was a program sponsored by the Brazilian government, which financed capital investments in, and assisted in the development of, state-controlled water and sewage companies. Since our formation, other State governmental and State-controlled companies involved in water supply and sewage collection and treatment in the state of São Paulo have been merged into our company. The State has always been our controlling shareholder, as required by State Law No. 11,454/2003. We have therefore been integrated into the State governmental structure and our strategies have been formulated in conjunction with the strategies of the State Department of Water Resources and Sanitation. Additionally, a majority of the members of our board of directors and our management are appointed by the State Government. Our capital expenditure budget is subject to approval by the State legislative chamber. This approval is obtained simultaneously with the approval of the budget of the São Paulo Secretariat for Sanitation and Water Resources (Secretaria de Saneamento e Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo). We are also subject to supervision from the Court of Audit of the State of São Paulo (Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo), with regard to our accounting, financial and budgetary activities and our operating assets. We provide water and sewage services directly to a large number of residential, commercial and industrial private consumers, as well as to a variety of public entities, in 364 of the 645 municipalities in the State, including in the city of São Paulo. We also supply water on a wholesale basis to 5 municipalities in the São Paulo metropolitan region in which we do not operate water distribution systems, and 4 of these municipalities also utilize our sewage treatment services. According to the 14th edition of the Pinsent Masons Water Yearbook (2012-2013), the most recent edition released of this study, we are the 5th largest water and sewage service company in the world in terms of number of clients. In 1994, we were registered with the CVM as a publicly-held company and are therefore subject to the CVM’s rules, including those relating to the periodic disclosure of extraordinary facts or relevant events. Our common shares have been listed on the BM&FBOVESPA under the ticker “SBSP3” since June 4, 1997. In 2002, we joined the Novo Mercado segment of the BM&FBOVESPA, which is the listing segment in Brazil with the highest corporate governance requirements. In the same year, we registered our common shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and started trading our shares in the form of ADR – level III on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE. 31 In 2004, the State of São Paulo carried out a secondary offer of common shares of our company in the Brazilian and international markets. In December 2007, Law No. 1,025/2007, which provided for the creation of regulatory agencies for the supervision of water and sewage services, created ARSESP, the regulatory agency that regulates and supervises the services we provide. Corporate Organization We currently have six management divisions, each of which is supervised by one of our executive officers. Our board of directors allocates responsibilities to our executive officers following an initial proposal made by our Chief Executive Officer, in accordance with our bylaws. The Chief Executive Officer is responsible for coordinating all management divisions in accordance with the policies and directives established by our board of directors and board of executive officers, including the coordination, evaluation and control of all functions related to the Chief Executive Officer’s office and staff, integrated planning, business management and corporate organization, communication, audit, regulatory affairs and ombudsman. The Chief Executive Officer represents our company before third parties and certain powers can be granted to attorneys-in-fact. The executive officers described below report to the Chief Executive Officer: the Corporate Management Officer, who is responsible for marketing (commercial processes), human resources, quality and social responsibility, legal affairs, information technology, asset management, supplies, contracts and new business ventures; the Chief Financial and Investor Relations Officer, who is responsible for financial planning, costs and tariffs, raising capital and allocating financial resources to divisions of our company, conducting capital markets and other debt incurrence transactions and managing debt levels, controller, accounting, corporate governance and investor relations, is part of the committee on regulatory matters and is responsible for implementing the committee’s guidelines with the support of our division responsible for regulatory matters; the Technology, Enterprises and Environment Officer is responsible for environmental management, technological and operational development, quality control of water and sewage, the development, coordination and execution of special investment programs, projects, research and innovation; and the Chief Operating Officer for the São Paulo metropolitan region Division and the Chief Operating Officer for the Regional Systems Division, who are responsible for managing the operation, maintenance, execution of planning and works for water and sewage supply systems (including for the services that we provide on a wholesale basis), sales and call center services, and have overall responsibility for the financial and operational performance of their divisions. Moreover, the Chief Operating Officers are part of the committee on regulatory matters and implemented the committee’s guidelines in their respective management teams with the support of our division on regulatory matters. The Chief Operating Officers are also responsible for sanitation advisory services to independent municipalities and for mediation and negotiation with communities and local governments, aimed at aligning our interests with the interests of our clients. Capital Expenditure Program Our capital expenditure program is designed to improve and expand our water and sewage system and to increase and protect our water sources in order to sustain water security, meet the growing demand for water and sewage services in the state of São Paulo and improve the overall environmental impact of our activities. Our capital expenditure program has four specific goals with respect to the municipalities we serve: (I). to continue to meet the maximum demand for treated water; (II). to expand the percentage of households connected to our sewage system; 32 (III). to increase the treatment of sewage collected; and (IV). to increase operating efficiency and reduce water loss. We have budgeted investments in the total amount of R$12.5 billion from 2016 through 2020. We invested R$3.5 billion, R$3.2 billion and R$2.7 billion in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following table sets forth our planned capital expenditures for water and sewage infrastructure for the years indicated: Water Sewage Collection Sewage Treatment Total 2016 2017 Planned Capital Expenditures 2019 2020 2018 (in millions of reais) 1,170 466 164 1,800 1,208 917 429 2,554 1,119 1,044 571 2,734 852 1,040 704 2,596 935 1,061 771 2,767 Total 5,284 4,528 2,639 12,451 Our capital expenditure program from 2016 through 2020 will continue to focus on achieving our targets by making regular investments to maintain and expand our infrastructure and to reduce water loss in the 364 municipalities we served as of December 31, 2015 and in the municipality of Santa Isabel, with which we signed a water contract that became effective in 2016. The recent drought has prompted a continuous reduction in the volume of water billed and thus a reduction in revenue. Due to the drought and the need to prioritize construction to mitigate the effects of the water crisis and increase water security in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, in 2015 we had to adjust our investment programs for subsequently modify the scheduled amounts of investments for the next few years. Main Projects of Our Capital Expenditure Program The following is a description of the main projects in our capital expenditure program. Metropolitan Water Program Demand for our water services has grown steadily over the years in the São Paulo metropolitan region and has at times exceeded the capacity of our water systems. On account of the high demand, prior to September 1998, a portion of our customers in this region received water only on alternate days of the week. We refer to this as “water rotation”. In order to address this situation, we implemented the Metropolitan Water Program (Programa Metropolitano de Água) to improve regular water supply to the entire São Paulo metropolitan region. This program terminated in 2000 and the water rotation measure was eliminated, but still we have maintained our investment plans for the region. Since 2000, the Metropolitan Water Program has increased the production capacity in 8.1 m³/s, 5 m³/s of which can be attributed to the Public Private Partnership, or “PPP”, conducted in the Alto do Tietê concluded in 2011, and 2.1 m³/s of which can be attributed to increased production in Guarapiranga System, concluded in 2015. Aiming to improve the provision of water to the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, we plan on increasing treated water production capacity by approximately 7 m³/s until 2018, with an emphasis on the construction of the São Lourenço System, which shall increase production capacity by approximately 6.0 m³/s. By the end of 2017, we shall also conclude the interconnection of the Jaguari (part of the Paraíba do Sul Basin) and Atibainha (part of the PCJ Basin) reservoirs. In 2015, we invested approximately R$378.1 million in the Metropolitan Water Program. Between 2016 and 2020, we predict investments of over R$1.2 billion in the Metropolitan Water Program, with a special emphasis on the interconnection of the Jaguari and Atibainha. Interconnection of Jaguari and Atibainha Reservoirs 33 We are interconnecting the Jaguari and Atibainha reservoirs, which is a strategic and priority works project to guarantee secure access to water for the metropolitan region of São Paulo. With investments of R$555 million in 2016 and 2017, this construction will allow the transfer of up to 8.5 m³/s and an average 5.13 m³/s of water from the Jaguari reservoir of the Paraíba do Sul Basin to the Atibainha reservoir of the Cantareira System, the largest system that provides water to the metropolitan region of São Paulo. In the future, the transfer of water shall also work in the opposite direction, from the Atibainha reservoir to the Jaguari reservoir, optimizing the reservation capacity of both reservoirs, and benefitting the population of the Paraíba Valley. The construction work on the interconnection began in February 2016 and is expected to be concluded in 2017. Other emergency actions to increase the São Paulo metropolitan region’s water security supply are also being implemented. For more information, see “—Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. São Lourenço Project The metropolitan region lacks water sources, which requires us to obtain water from increasingly distant sources. In order to address this situation, we are, under a PPP contract, currently developing a new supply system called São Lourenço, which will expand our production capacity by 6.4 m3/s and should be able to benefit a population of almost 1.5 million people. The PPP contract was executed in August 2013 and construction began in April 2014. The project is being undertaken by Sistema Produtor São Lourenço S.A., which is a special purpose company controlled by the construction companies Camargo Corrêa Construtora S.A. and Andrade Gutierrez S.A. The new system is expected to begin operation in late 2017. For more information on Public Private Partnerships, see “—Business Overview—Public Private Partnerships”. The contract amounts to approximately R$6.0 billion (the estimated amount monetarily restated through December 31, 2015 is approximately R$7.5 billion) and it has a 25-year term, four years of which will be dedicated to the construction, while the other 21 years will be dedicated to service delivery. These services include the operation and maintenance of the sludge treatment system of the water treatment station and disposal of the waste thus generated; electromechanic and civil maintenance of the untreated water pumping stations, of the water treatment station and the untreated water pipeline; preservation and cleaning, surveillance and property security. Tietê Project The Tietê river crosses the São Paulo metropolitan region and receives most of the region’s run-off and wastewater. The environmental status of the river reached a critical level in 1992. In an effort to reverse the situation, the State of São Paulo created a recovery program designed to reduce pollution of the Tietê river by installing sewage collection lines along the banks of the Tietê river and its tributaries. These lines collect raw sewage and deliver it to our sewage treatment facilities. We carried out the first phase of the program between 1992 and 1998, when we completed the construction of three additional sewage treatment facilities. This involved total investment of US$1.1 billion financed by the Inter-American Development Bank, or “IADB”, Caixa Econômica Federal and us. The second phase of the project, which was carried out from 2000 through 2008, continued to expand and optimize the sewage system in the São Paulo metropolitan region, focusing primarily on improvements to expand the delivery of raw sewage to the sewage treatment facilities that were built in the first phase. Upon the conclusion of the second phase of the project in 2008, we were able to collect approximately 5,000 liters of raw sewage per second and send it to the five sewage treatment plants in our integrated system for treatment. Total investments in this phase amounted to approximately US$500 million, financed by the IADB, and BNDES, directly and indirectly The first and second phases of the Tietê Project contributed to an increase from 70.0% to 84.0% in the sewage collection rate and an increase from 24.0% to 70.0% in the treatment of sewage collected in the São Paulo metropolitan region. As a result, the sewage collection system covered a total of 15.8 million people (5.1 million more than the number of people served when the Tietê Project was initiated), and the sewage treatment system covered 11.1 million people (8.5 million more than the number of people served when the Tietê Project was initiated). The five principal sewage treatment facilities in the São Paulo metropolitan region have an aggregate installed capacity of 18 cubic meters of sewage per second and currently treat an aggregate of 16 cubic meters of sewage per second. 34 The third phase of the Tietê Project, initiated in 2010, aims to expand collection levels to 87.0% and sewage treatment levels to 84.0% in the São Paulo metropolitan region. The total estimated cost of the third phase is approximately US$2 billion, financed by the IADB, BNDES, Caixa Econômica Federal, and us. Following completion of the third phase of the Tietê Project, the sewage collection system, will serve an additional 1.5 million people and the sewage treatment system will serve an additional 3.0 million people. We have invested approximately R$1.9 billion in the third phase, R$355.9 million of which was invested in 2015. Continuing our efforts to eliminate the disposal of in natura sewage in the bodies of water of the São Paulo metropolitan region near the areas we serve, we have structured the fourth phase of the Tietê Project. The total estimated cost of this phase is approximately US$2 billion. We continued to work on items from the third phase and began in 2014 to implement measures related to the fourth phase, which resulted in approximately R$377.9 million in total investments in 2015. Corporate Program for Reduction of Water Loss The objective of the Corporate Program for Reduction of Water Loss (Programa Corporativo de Redução de Perdas de Água) is to reduce water loss by efficiently integrating and expanding existing initiatives in our business units. This program has a 12-year term that began in 2009. We have invested R$3.4 billion in this project so far, including R$525.9 million invested in 2015, and we anticipate total investments of approximately R$5.5 billion throughout the term of the program. Funding for the program will come from our own resources as well as from credit facilities provided by JICA, Caixa Econômica Federal and BNDES. The program aims to reduce the incidence of water loss from 436 liters per connection per day in December 2008 to 258 liters per connection per day by 2020, which is equivalent to reducing the Water Billed Loss Index from 27.6% in December 2008 to 18.2% in 2020 and to reducing the Water Metered Loss Index (based on measured consumption) from 34.1% in December 2008 to 27.6% in 2020. In 2015, our water loss measured 258 liters per connection per day. In 2015, our Water Billed Loss Index was 16.4% and our Water Metered Loss Index averaged 28.5%. It is worth noting that the reduction in the water loss indicators in 2015 was due to the intensification of pressure management in the supply systems, an operational practice designed to manage the current water shortage by reducing its impact on the supply of water available to the population. This operational practice has been implemented to serve the current temporary and atypical situation. We note that, when the water supply system returns to being operated as it was prior to the water shortage, there shall be an increase in the pressure in the distribution network which might make it possible for there to be an increase in the loss indicators. For more information on the measure we have adopted to confront the water crisis, see “—Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. Water Source Program The Water Source Program (Programa Mananciais), created in 2009, consists of various projects that focus on the preservation and improvement of water sources in the São Paulo metropolitan region, especially in the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs. The program’s investments are directed mostly towards the creation of infrastructure to collect sewage and transport it to treatment plants in order to reduce the discharge of effluent into water sources. The program also includes the protection of green spaces and the urbanization of shantytowns (favelas) and is expected to directly benefit 58,000 families. In 2015, R$84.2 million was invested in the Water Source Program. Clean Stream Program The Clean Stream Program (Programa Córrego Limpo), an agreement between the State, acting through our company, and the municipality of São Paulo, aims to decontaminate urban streams in the city of São Paulo by eliminating the discharge of sewage into streams and rainwater runoff routes, cleaning streams and banks, and removing and relocating low-income households located on the banks of streams. 35 Since 2007, 148 urban streams have been decontaminated, benefiting approximately 2.2 million people. In 2015, we had invested R$3.8 million in the Clean Stream Program. Part of the investment related to the Tietê Program benefit the Clean Stream Program. The effects and the consequences of the drought, as well as the difficulty of the state government to remove and relocate low-income households in risk areas, led us to revise the goals of this program. We are currently negotiating with the municipality of Sao Paulo on new goals for 2017 and beyond, taking into account the future budgets of the institutions involved. Regional Systems Investment Programs We currently have a number of projects in progress and planned for our Regional Systems. These relate to the abstraction of water as well as to the collection, removal and disposal of sewage. The main projects of the Regional Systems are the following: Clean Wave Program The main goals of the Clean Wave Program (Programa Onda Limpa) are to improve and expand the sewage systems in the municipalities comprising the Baixada Santista metropolitan region on the southern coast of the state, increasing the sewage collection rate to 95% and treating 100% of this collected sewage, thereby improving the bathing water quality at 82 beaches in the region by the end of the decade. This project is being carried out in two phases, the first of which has already begun and the second of which is in the planning phase. The first phase, which aims to increase the sewage collection rate to 88%, is expected to be completed by 2020. The funds will come from our own resources as well as from loan agreements entered into with JICA and from the Government Severance Indemnity Fund for Employees (Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço), or “FGTS”. In 2015, we invested R$172 million in the Clean Wave Program. As a result of our investments, sewage collection in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region increased since the beginning of the program has increased from 53% in 2007 to 71% in 2015. All of the sewage that was collected was also treated. Towards the goal of increasing sewage collection, and given that we have already installed sewage networks, we are now prioritizing strengthening the connection of our customers to the sewage network. As of December 31, 2015, we completed approximately 94.6 thousand sewage connections. By 2018, we will complete an additional 23 thousand sewage connections. Under the program’s first phase, we plan to execute by 2020 the expansion and renovation of the Oceanic Sewage Disposal System in the city of Praia Grande, located in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region, is expected to be concluded by 2019. The second phase of the Clean Wave Program is in planning for the period between 2019 and 2025. We estimate investments of approximately R$1.8 billion in order to enlarge and implement sewage collection and treatment systems and complete 57 thousand new connections. The goal of the second phase is to provide full coverage of sewage services in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region. Northern Coast Clean Wave Program The Northern Coast Clean Wave Program (Programa Onda Limpa Litoral Norte) aims to expand the collection and treatment of sewage on the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, intending to benefit 800 thousand people, including the local population as well as tourists that visit the region each year. The program aims to increase the sewage collection rate in the region from 36.0% in 2008 to 85.0% in 2016, thereby improving the health and well-being of the population and stimulating economic development through an increase in tourism. As of 2015, the sewage collection rate was 56%. In 2015, we invested R$7 million in this Program. Coastal Water Program The Coastal Water Program (Programa Água no Litoral) combines various long-term activities to expand water production capacity in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region and the southern coast of the state of São Paulo. The program aims to benefit approximately three million people, including both the local population and tourists. It aims to increase the level of reliability of the local systems, eliminating existing and potential deficiencies and irregularities in the water supply. Through this program we aim to increase the availability of treated water and improve the quality of water available to the population. The fund will come from our own funds and financing from Caixa Econômica Federal. 36 During the first phase of this program, we have focused mainly on increasing water production in order to satisfy demand and improve water quality in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region. In order to reach this goal, we built two water treatment stations, which started operations in 2013: Mambu/Branco, with water treatment capacity of 1.6 m³/s, and Jurubatuba, with water treatment capacity of 2 m³/s. In 2015, we invested R$68.3 million in the Coastal Water Program. The second phase of the program is in planning, with the goal of increasing even further the availability of treated water for the local population and tourists and improving the quality of the water available to the population in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region in the coming years. Other Policies and Programs Nossa Guarapiranga In December 2011, we launched the Nossa Guarapiranga project, the main objective of which is to improve the water quality in the Guarapiranga basin, a water source for the São Paulo metropolitan region. The basin serves one million people directly in the areas near Guarapiranga and indirectly serves a further two million people who consume the water from the basin. Our actions in this project were carried out on three fronts: (i) we installed drains to collect residue from rivers in the Guarapiranga basin; (ii) we have developed diagnosis and control services for the withdrawal of water plants that obstruct water extraction; and (iii) we have removed and disposed deposit garbage at the bottom of the basin’s dam. Pró-Conexão In 2012, the State of São Paulo approved a project to subsidize connections to the sewage system for low-income families. Initially intended to last 8 years, the project involves capital expenditures of up to R$349.5 million of which 80% will be provided by the State government and 20% by us. In this period we expect that this program will create 192 thousand new sewage connections benefiting approximately 800 thousand people. As of December 2015 we completed approximately 23 thousand sewage connections under the Pró-Conexão program. We believe that this program will increase the efficiency of our other sewage collection programs and help improve water quality in the region’s rivers and basins as well as improve quality of life for low-income families. For more information see “Item 7.B. Major Shareholders and Related Party transactions—Related Party transactions—Agreements with the State Water is Life The Water is Life program, established in November 2011, aims to provide water and sewage services to low-income and isolated communities in the regions of Alto Paranapanema and Vale do Ribeira. We have expected to cover 81 communities in 30 municipalities, benefiting approximately 15 thousand people. In this project we are responsible for supplying water and for offering technical support to the municipalities, which with financing from the state government, will include installing Individual Sanitary Units (Unidades Sanitárias Individuais), a technology better suited for isolated communities. As of December 31, 2015, we concluded projects in 16 communities and we are currently working in 8 others. We executed more than 83 kilometers of networks and pipelines and we began to operate 24 new wells in these communities. A large part of this work was executed by our own personnel, which considerably reduced the need for investment. B. Business Overview 37 Our Operations As of December 31, 2015, we provided water and sewage services to 364 municipalities in the state of São Paulo under concession agreements, program agreements, other forms of legal arrangements or without formal agreements. We also supply treated water on a wholesale basis to 5 municipalities located in the São Paulo metropolitan region and urban conurbations. The majority of these concessions have 30-year terms. Due to court orders, we temporarily suspended our services in 3 other municipalities (Cajobi, Iperó e Macatuba). For more information, see “Item 8.A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings”. Between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015, we entered into agreements with 278 municipalities (including our services agreement with the city of São Paulo) in accordance with the Basic Sanitation Law, of which 4 were entered into in 2015. As of December 31, 2015, these 278 municipalities accounted for 78.6% of our gross operating revenues (including revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure). In addition to the contracts that have 30-year terms, the municipalities entered into cooperation contracts with the State of São Paulo, delegating the regulation and monitoring of the provision of services to ARSESP. As of December 31, 2015, 53 of our agreements or concessions had expired but we continued to provide water and sewage services to these municipalities and were in negotiations with these municipalities to execute program agreements to substitute the expired concessions. From January 1, 2016 through 2030, 36 concessions will expire. For more information on laws and regulations related to our concession operations, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Government Regulations Applicable to our Contracts”. Description of Our Activities As set forth in Article 2 of our bylaws, we are permitted to render basic sanitation services with the goal of providing basic sanitation services to the entire population in the municipalities where we conduct our activities without harming our long-term financial sustainability. Our activities comprise water supply, sanitary sewage services, urban rainwater management and drainage services, urban cleaning services, solid waste management services and related activities, including the planning, operation, maintenance and commercialization of energy, and the commercialization of services, products, benefits and rights that directly or indirectly arise from our assets, operations and activities. We are allowed to act in a subsidiary form in other Brazilian locations and abroad. See “—Government Regulations Applicable to Our Contracts—Establishment of ARSESP”. For a description of our operating segments please see Note 24 to our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015. Operating segments are presented in our annual report in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to management, comprised of the board of directors and the board of executive officers, pursuant to IFRS 8. Under Brazilian GAAP, prior to our conversion to IFRS, the financial information for construction services was not separately presented and construction costs related to concessions were capitalized within property, plant and equipment. As a result, our management did not review the results of this business. Following our conversion to IFRS, our management decided to continue to exclude the construction results from the management reporting of our revenues and expenses, thus not basing his decisions on discrete financial information for that business. The characteristics described in paragraph 5(b) of IFRS 8 for separate operating segments are thus not fulfilled for this particular business. Nonetheless, after our conversion to IFRS and for IFRS financial statement purposes only, we started to record such results separately as construction revenue and costs under IFRIC 12. Although such information is available discretely, however, it is not analyzed by our management as such and is not the basis for operational decisions. We set forth below a description of our activities. Wholesale Operations Wholesale Water Services We provide water services on a wholesale basis to 5 municipalities located in the São Paulo metropolitan region (Guarulhos, Mauá, Mogi das Cruzes, Santo André e São Caetano do Sul). Agreements to provide water services on a wholesale basis must comply with the Basic Sanitation Law, which designates these services as “interdependent activities” and regulates each stage of the service. The law requires that the service be supervised by an independent agency, stipulates registration of the cost of the service, and requires assurance of payment among the several service providers in order to continue the provision of the services, in accordance with the rules to be published by ARSESP. Our agreements currently comply with the provisions of the Basic Sanitation Law. In 2015, the revenues from wholesale water services were R$66.6 million. For more information, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We may face difficulties in collecting overdue amounts owed to us by municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis and municipal government entities”. 38 Wholesale Sewage Services Currently, we provide sewage services on a wholesale basis to the municipalities of Mauá, Mogi das Cruzes, Santo André e São Caetano do Sul. We also provided these services to the municipality of Diadema, but in March 2014, we executed a contract to resume direct supply of water and sewage services to the municipality of Diadema. Our agreement with Santo André for these services was executed with the intervention of the Public Prosecution Office. Our agreements with the other municipalities resulted from our environmental efforts and municipal authorities’ awareness of environmental issues. Through these agreements, in 2015 we treated approximately 30.6 million cubic meters of sewage from these municipalities. We believe this illustrates our commitment to social and environmental responsibility. In 2015, our revenues from wholesale sewage services were R$26.5 milllion. In December 2008, we entered into a five-year agreement for the collection and treatment of 20% of the sewage generated by the city of Guarulhos. We have not yet started to provide these services, and such services will only commence when the works on linking the Guarulhos sewage to our sewage system are finalized. These works are the responsibility the Guarulhos sanitation company. Water Operations Our supply of water to our customers generally involves abstraction of water from various sources, subsequent treatment and distribution to our customers’ premises. In 2015, we produced approximately 2,466.6 million of cubic meters of water. The São Paulo metropolitan region (including the municipalities to which we supply water on a wholesale basis) currently is, and has historically been, our core market, accounting for approximately 67.9% of water invoiced by volume in 2015. The reduction in the volume of water produced in 2015, as compared to 2014, is a result of the water crisis that affects our area of operation. For more information, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business: The measures we took to mitigate the effects of the drought resulted in a significant decrease in the volume of water billed and revenues from services we provide, which had a material adverse effect on our company and that may worsen if the drought escalates in severity” and “—The Current Water Crisis”. The following table sets forth the volume of water that we produced and invoiced for the periods indicated: Produced: São Paulo metropolitan region Regional Systems Total Invoiced: São Paulo metropolitan region Wholesale Regional Systems Total 2015 Year ended December 31, 2014 (in millions of cubic meters) 2013 1,679.4 787.2 2,466.6 1,084.3 215.5 613.9 1,913.7 2,001.1 839.3 2,840.4 1,172.4 256.8 639.4 2,068.6 2,220.6 832.0 3,052.6 1,206.9 299.0 628.1 2,134.0 The difference between the volume of water produced and the volume of water invoiced generally represents both physical and non-physical water loss. See “—Water Loss”. In addition, we do not invoice: water discharged for periodic maintenance of water transmission lines and water storage tanks; water supplied for municipal uses such as firefighting; water consumed in our own facilities; and 39 estimated water loss associated with water we supply to shantytowns (favelas). Seasonality Although seasonality does not affect our results in a significant way, in general, higher water demand is observed during the summer and lower water demand during the winter. The summer coincides with the rainy season, while the winter corresponds to the dry season. The demand in the coastal region is increased by tourism, with the greatest demand occurring during the Brazilian summer holiday months. Water Resources We can abstract water only to the extent permitted by DAEE pursuant to water right granted by it. Depending on the geographic location of the river basin or if the the approval of ANA a federal agency under the Ministry of the Environment is required. We currently abstract river crosses more than one state (federal domain), substantially all of our water supply from rivers and reservoirs, with a small portion being abstracted from groundwater. Our reservoirs are filled by impounding water from rivers and streams, by diverting the flow from nearby rivers, or by a combination of both methods. For more information on water usage regulation, see “—Environmental Matters—Water Usage”. In order to supply water to the São Paulo metropolitan region, we rely on 20 reservoirs of non-treated water and 254 reservoirs of treated water, which are located in the areas under the influence of the eight water producing systems comprising the interconnected water system of the São Paulo metropolitan region. The total capacity of the water sources available for treatment in this area is 75.5 m³/s, not including an additional 6.5 m³/s resulting from the emergency construction work conducted by us in 2014 and 2015. Total current installed capacity is 75.8 m³/s and can be distributed to the São Paulo metropolitan region. Average verified production for the interconnected water system of the São Paulo metropolitan region was 52.0 m³/s during 2015. The Cantareira, Guarapiranga and Alto Tietê systems produce 79.0% of the water we distributed in the São Paulo metropolitan region in 2015. In 2015, the Cantareira system accounted for 27.1% of the water that we supplied to the São Paulo metropolitan region (including the municipalities to which we supplied water on a wholesale basis), which represented 67.3% of our gross operating revenues (excluding revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure) for the year. For more information, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We are exposed to risks associated with the provision of water and sewage services”. For further information on droughts see “Item 3.D Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—The measures we took to mitigate the effects of the drought resulted in a significant decrease in the volume of water billed and revenues from services we provide, which had a material adverse effect on our company and that may worsen if the drought escalates in severity” and “—The Current Water Crisis”. Current river basin committees are authorized to charge both for water usage and the dumping of sewage into water bodies. We participate in the decentralized and integrated management of water resources established by the National Policy on Water Resources. We are represented by 158 employees on the 21 State River Basin Committees and the four Federal Committees that act in the state of São Paulo and in the National and State Councils on Water Resources. The following table sets forth the water production systems from which we produce water for the São Paulo metropolitan region: Water production system: Cantareira Guarapiranga Alto Tietê Rio Claro Rio Grande (Billings reservoir) Alto Cotia Baixo Cotia Ribeirão da Estiva Total (1) Average of the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 40 2015 (1) Production Rate 2014 2013 (in cubic meters per second) 14.1 14.9 12.1 3.9 5.0 0.9 1.0 0.1 52.0 23.7 14.2 13.8 3.9 4.8 0.9 0.8 0.1 62.2 32.6 13.6 12.1 3.9 4.8 1.2 0.8 0.1 69.1 We own all of the reservoirs in our production systems other than the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs and a portion of some of the reservoirs of the Alto Tietê system, which is owned by other companies controlled by the State. We currently do not pay any charges with respect to the use of these reservoirs. In December 2001, we entered into an agreement with the State whereby the State, among other things, agreed to transfer the remaining reservoirs in the Alto Tietê system to us. In the cities of the interior region of São Paulo, our principal source of water consists of surface water from nearby rivers and from wells. For additional information on the Alto Tietê system, see “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions—Transactions with the State of São Paulo—Agreements with the State”. In the interior cities of São Paulo, our principal source of water consists of surface water from nearby rivers and from wells. Statewide, we estimate that we are able to supply nearly all of the demand for water in all of the areas where we operate, subject to droughts and extraordinary climate events. We installed 226.0 thousand, 231.6 thousand and 226.4 thousand, new water connections in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Throughout 2014 and 2015, we adopted various measures to mitigate the current water crisis, which allowed us to provide water to the population despite the decreased water availability. We were able to balance supply and demand for water in the São Paulo metropolitan region, as a result of: (i) using treated water from other production systems to serve consumers originally supplied by the Cantareira system; (ii) to offer discounts (bonus) to consumers that use below average amounts of water, compared to average consumption; (iii) reducing pressure in the water distribution lines in order to decrease leakage; (iv) adjusting the volume of treated water sold to municipalities that operate their own distribution network; and (v) using pumps in order to extract water located below the intakes of the Cantareira system, from the so-called “technical reserve”. For more information on the effects of the drought on the water supply, see “—The Current Water Crisis”. The interconnected water system of the São Paulo metropolitan region serves 30 municipalities, of which 25 are operated directly by us under this system. Through this system, we serve the other 5 municipalities on a wholesale basis, whereas distribution is the responsibility of other companies or departments related to each municipality. In order to reach the final customer, the water is stored and transported through a complex and interconnected system. This water system requires permanent operational supervision, engineering inspection, maintenance, and quality monitoring and measurement control. To ensure the continuous provision of regular water supply in the São Paulo metropolitan region, we intend to invest R$4.3 billion from 2016 to 2020 to increase our water production and distribution capacities as well as to improve the water supply systems. In 2015, our total investment in water supply systems amounted to R$2.2 billion, of which R$1.8 were invested in the São Paulo metropolitan region. Water Treatment We treat all water at our water treatment facilities prior to dispatching it to our water distribution network. We operate 235 treatment facilities, of which 8 are a part of the Metropolitan Production System—located in the São Paulo metropolitan region and account for approximately 68% of all water we produced in 2015. The type of treatment used depends on the nature of the source and quality of the untreated water. For example, water abstracted from rivers requires more treatment than water drawn from groundwater sources requires. All of the water we treat receives fluoridation treatment. Water Distribution We distribute water through our own networks of water pipes and water transmission lines, ranging in size from 2.5 meters to 75 millimeters in diameter. Storage tanks and pumping stations regulate the volume of water flowing through the networks in order to maintain adequate pressure and continuous water supply. 41 The following table sets forth the total number of kilometers of water pipes and water transmission lines and the number of connections in our network as of the dates indicated: Water distribution pipes and water transmission lines (in kilometers) Number of connections (in thousands) As of December 31, 2015 2014 2013 71,705 8,420 70,800 8,210 69,619 7,888 More than 90% of the water pipes in our water distribution network are made of cast iron or polyvinylchloride, or PVC. Distribution pipes at customers’ residences typically are made from high-density polyethylene tubing. Our water transmission lines are mostly made of steel, cast iron or concrete. As of December 31, 2015, our water distribution pipes and water transmission lines included: (i) 37,448 kilometers in the São Paulo metropolitan region; and (ii) 34,257 kilometers in the Regional Systems. As of that date, we had 387 storage tanks in the São Paulo metropolitan region with a total capacity of 2.1 million cubic meters, and 1,959 storage tanks in the Regional Systems. Furthermore, we had 210 treated water pumping stations in the São Paulo metropolitan region aqueduct system, including stations at treatment facilities, intermediate trunk transfer pumping stations and small booster stations serving local areas. Water transmission lines that require maintenance are cleaned and their lining is replaced. We are typically notified of water main fractures or breaks by the public through a toll-free number maintained by us. We consider the condition of the water pipes and water transmission lines in the São Paulo metropolitan region to be adequate as of the date of this annual report. Due to age, external factors such as traffic, the dense population, and commercial and industrial development, water pipes and water transmission lines in the São Paulo metropolitan region are somewhat more susceptible to degradation than those in the Regional Systems. To counter these effects, we have a maintenance program in place for water pipes and water transmission lines that is intended to address anticipated fractures and clogs due to brittleness and encrustation, and to help ensure water quality in the region. The new customers whose water pipes are more than 20 meters away from the water transmission lines are responsible for covering part of the costs of connecting to our water distribution network. They must cover the costs of connecting to the network from the customer’s premises, including costs of purchasing and installing the water meter and related labor costs. We perform the installation of the water meter and conduct periodical inspections and measurements. After completion of installation, the customer is responsible for the water meter. The following table sets forth projected new water connections for the periods indicated in thousands: São Paulo metropolitan region Regional Systems Total Water Loss 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2016 – 2021 100 72 172 95 69 164 97 67 164 92 66 158 92 66 158 92 66 158 568 406 974 in thousands The difference between the volume of water produced and the volume of water invoiced generally represents both physical and non-physical water loss. The Water Billed Loss Index represents the quotient of (i) the difference between (a) the total volume of water produced minus (b) the total volume of water invoiced plus (c) the volume of water excluded from our calculation of water loss, divided by (ii) the total volume of water produced. The Water Metered Loss Index represents the quotient of (i) the difference between (a) the total volume of water produced minus (b) the total volume of water measured minus (c) the volume of water that we exclude from our calculation of water loss, divided by (ii) the total volume of water produced. 42 The Water Loss per Connection per day measured in liters per connection per day represents the quotient of (i) the average annual water loss, divided by (ii) the average number of active water connections multiplied by the number of days of the year. This calculation method is based on worldwide market practice for the sector. We exclude the following from our calculation of water loss: (i) water discharged for periodic maintenance of water transmission lines and water storage tanks; (ii) water supplied for municipal uses such as firefighting; (iii) water we consume in our facilities; and (iv) estimated water loss related to the supply of water to shantytowns (favelas). Among the principal indicators utilized to measure rates of water loss are the following: Water Billed Loss Index (WBLI), in %; Water Metered Loss Index (based on metered consumption) (WMLI) in %; and Water Loss per Connection, (TLDC) in liters per connection per day. These indicators are calculated by applying the following formulas: WBLI = WMLI = TLDC = Where: Vproduced – (Vinvoiced + Vused) Vproduced Vproduced – (Vmeasured + Vused) Vproduced Vproduced – (Vmeasured + Vused) Nconnection x No. of days of a given period Vproduced: corresponds to the volume of water produced at a given period; Vbilled: corresponds to the volume of water billed at a given period; Vmeasured: corresponds to the volume of water measured at a given period; Vused: corresponds to the volume of water used for operational, public, private and social needs (supply shantytown areas) at a given period; and Nconnections: corresponds to the average number of active water connections. Using this calculation method, as of December 31, 2015, we experienced 277 liter/connection per day of water loss in the São Paulo metropolitan region and 230 liter/connection per day in the Regional Systems, averaging 258 liter/connection per day. We have a Corporate Program for Reduction of Water Loss in place that aims to reduce total water loss to around 258 liters/connection, Water Billed Loss Index to 18.2% and the Water Metered Loss Index to 27.6% by 2020. Nonetheless, on account of the drought, the negative impacts on our revenue during 2015 and the necessity to prioritize investing in the expansion of water availability, the scope and the goals of our Corporate Program for Reduction of Water Loss are under revision. In order to continue to supply water to the population despite its low availability, one of the measures that we adopted was to further reduce water pressure across our network of operation. Insomuch as the utilization of water sources, real water loss (water physically lost, which corresponds to about 65% of the Water Metered Loss Index) fell from 22.2% in December 2008 to 18.5% in December 2015. This reduction is not only the result of initiatives to combat water loss including, for example, strengthening our supply systems’ “pressure management”, but it can also be attributed to atypical and temporary operations. 43 For more information on the measure we have adopted to confront the water crisis, see “—The Current Water Crisis”. Our strategy to reduce water loss has two approaches: reduction in the level of physical loss, which results mainly from leakage. To this end we are primarily replacing and repairing water transmission lines and pipes and installing probing and other equipment, including strategically located pressure-regulating valves; and reduction of non-physical loss, which results primarily from the inaccuracy of our water meters installed at our customers’ premises and from clandestine and illegal use. To this end we are upgrading and replacing inaccurate water meters and expanding our anti-fraud personnel. We are taking measures to decrease physical loss by reducing response time to fix leakages and by better monitoring of non-visible water main fractures. Among other initiatives, we have adopted the following measures to reduce physical water loss: the introduction of technically advanced valves to regulate water pressure throughout our water transmission lines in order to maintain appropriate water pressure downstream. These valves are programmed to respond automatically to variations in demand. During peak usage, the flow of water in the pipes is at its highest point; however, when demand decreases, pressure builds up in the water transmission lines and the resulting stress on the network can cause significant water loss through cracks and an increase in ruptures of the pipes. The technically advanced valves are equipped with probes programmed to feed data to the valve in order to reduce or increase pressure to the water transmission lines as water usage fluctuates; the reconfiguration of interconnected water distribution to permit the distribution of water at lower pressure; the implementation of routine operational leak detection surveys to reduce overall water loss; the monitoring of and improved accounting with respect to water connections, especially for large volume customers; regular checking on inactive customers and monitoring non-residential customers that are accounted for as residential customers and, therefore, billed at a lower rate; preventing fraud with the use of new, more sophisticated water meters that are more accurate and less prone to tampering; installing water meters where none are present; and conducting preventive maintenance of existing and newly installed water meters. Water Quality We believe that we supply high quality treated water that is consistent with the standards set by Brazilian law, which are similar to the standards set in the United States of America and Europe. Pursuant to the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Ministério da Saúde) regulations, we have significant statutory obligations regarding the quality of treated water. In general, the state of São Paulo has excellent water quality from underground or surface water sources. However, high rates of population growth, increased urbanization and disorganized occupation of some areas of the São Paulo metropolitan region have reduced the quantity and quality of water available to serve the population in the southern area of the São Paulo metropolitan region and in the coastal region. Currently, we successfully treat this water to make it potable. We are also investing in improvements of our water transmission lines and our treatment systems to ensure the quality and availability of water for the upcoming years. 44 Water quality is monitored at all stages of the distribution process, including at the water sources, water treatment facilities and in the distribution network. We have 15 regional laboratories, one central laboratory, and laboratories located in all water treatment facilities that monitor water quality, as required by our standards and those set by law. Our laboratories analyze an average of 62.0 thousand samples per month on distributed water, with samples collected from residences. Our central laboratory located in the city of São Paulo is responsible for organic compound analysis using the chromatographic and spectrometric methods as well as heavy metals analysis by atomic absorption technique. Our central laboratory and 13 of our regional laboratories have obtained the ABNT NBR ISO IEC 17025 accreditation (accreditation for general requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories) awarded by the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, or INMETRO. All chemical products used for water treatment are analyzed and follow strict specifications set out in recommendations made by the National Health Foundation (Fundação Nacional de Saúde), or NHF, ABNT, and the National Standard Foundation (NSF) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA) to eliminate toxic substances that are harmful to human health. From time to time, we face problems with the proliferation of algae, which may cause an unpleasant taste and odor in the water. In order to mitigate this problem, we work on: (i) fighting algae growth at the water source and (ii) using advanced treatment processes at the water treatment facilities that involve the use of powdered activated carbon and oxidation by potassium permanganate. The algae growth creates significant additional costs for water treatment because of the higher volumes of chemicals used to treat the water. We participate in the Water Source Program (Programa Mananciais) together with other organizations engaged in the promotion of urban development and social inclusion to mitigate pollution in the São Paulo metropolitan region. In addition, we also participate in the Clean Stream Program to clean important streams in the city of São Paulo. Other initiatives also aimed at improving the water quality in the water sources located in the of São Paulo metropolitan region are Nossa Guarapiranga and Pró-Conexão. See “—Main Projects of Our Capital Expenditure Program—Metropolitan Water Program—Water Source Program,” “—Clean Stream Program,” and “—New Policies and Programs—Nossa Guarapiranga”. We believe that there are no material instances where our standards are not being met. However, we cannot be certain that future breaches of these standards will not occur. Fluoridation As required by Brazilian law, we add fluoride to the water at our treatment facilities prior to its distribution into the water supply network. Fluoridation primarily consists of adding fluorosilicic acid to water at between 0.6 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L to assist in the prevention of tooth decay among the population. Sewage Operations We are responsible for the collection, removal, treatment and final disposal of sewage. As of December 31, 2015, we collected approximately 87% and 82% of all the sewage produced in the municipalities in which we operate in the São Paulo metropolitan region and in the Regional Systems, respectively. During 2015, we collected approximately 86% of all the sewage produced in the municipalities in which we operated in the state of São Paulo. We installed 226.1 thousand, 244.3 thousand and 236.6 thousand new sewage connections in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Sewage System The purpose of our sewage system is to collect and treat sewage and to adequately dispose of the treated sewage. As of December 31, 2015, we were responsible for the operation and maintenance of 48,774 kilometers of sewage lines, of which approximately 26,082 kilometers are located in the São Paulo metropolitan region and 22,692 kilometers are located in the Regional Systems, respectively. The following table sets forth the total number of kilometers of sewage lines and the total number of sewage connections in our network for the periods indicated: 45 Sewage lines (in kilometers) Sewage connections (in thousands) 2015 48,774 6,861 As of December 31, 2014 47,992 6,660 2013 47,103 6,340 Our sewage system comprises a number of systems built at different times and constructed primarily from clay pipes and, more recently, PVC tubing. Sewage lines larger than 0.5 meters in diameter are primarily made of concrete. Our sewage system is generally designed to operate by gravitational flow, although pumping stations are required in certain parts of the system to ensure the continuous flow of sewage. Where pumping stations are required, we use sewage lines made of cast iron. The public sewage system operated by us was structured in order to receive, in addition to household effluents, a portion of non-domestic effluents (such as industrial sewage and sewage from other non-domestic sources) for treatment together with household effluents. Non-domestic effluents have characteristics that are qualitatively and quantitatively different from household effluents and its discharge into the public sewage system is subject to compliance with specific legal demands with the purpose of protecting the sewage collection and treatment systems, the health and safety of operators and the environment. The current environmental legislation establishes standards for the discharge into the public sewage system and stipulates that such effluents be subject to pretreatment in order to comply with the estabilished standards. These standards are defined in State Decree No. 8,468/1976, as amended by State Decree No. 54,487/2009. Before the discharge is permitted, we carry out acceptance studies that assess the capacity of the public sewage system to receive the discharge as well as the compliance with regulations. Upon the conclusion of these studies, the technical and commercial conditions for receiving the discharge are established, which are then formalized in a document signed by us and the effluent producer. Failure to comply with these conditions can lead to the application of penalties by us. In extreme cases, the Sao Paulo Sanitation Technology Company (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo), or “CETESB”, is notified in order for the applicable measures to be taken. We considered the condition of the sewage lines in the São Paulo metropolitan region to be adequate as of the date of this annual report. Due to a greater volume of sewage collected, a higher population and more extensive commercial and industrial development, the sewage lines in the São Paulo metropolitan region are more deteriorated than those of the Regional Systems. To counter the effects of deterioration, we maintain an ongoing program for the maintenance of sewage lines intended to address anticipated fractures arising from obstructions caused by system overloads. Unlike the São Paulo metropolitan region, the interior region of São Paulo State does not generally suffer obstructions caused by sewage system overload. The coastal region, however, experiences obstructions in its sewage lines primarily due to infiltration of sand, especially during the rainy season in the summer months. In addition, the sewage coverage ratio in the coastal region is lower than in the other regions served by us, with approximately 69% of all residences in the coastal region currently connected to our sewage network as of December 31, 2015. New sewage connections are made on substantially the same basis as connections to water lines: we assume the cost of installation for the first 20 meters of sewage lines from the sewage network to all customers’ sewage connections and the customer is responsible for the remaining costs. The following table sets forth projected new sewage connections for the periods indicated: São Paulo metropolitan region Regional Systems Total 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2016-2021 136 106 242 132 110 242 46 130 107 237 in thousands 136 101 237 129 108 237 137 100 237 800 632 1,432 Sewage Treatment and Disposal In 2015, approximately 68% and 97% of the sewage we collected in the São Paulo metropolitan region and the Regional Systems, respectively, or 78% of the sewage we collected in the state of São Paulo, was treated at our treatment facilities and afterwards discharged into receiving water bodies such as rivers and the Atlantic Ocean, in accordance with applicable legislation. Though we have not yet reached full coverage of sewage collection and treatment services in the regions were we operate, we are making efforts to reach this goal. We currently operate 9 ocean outfalls and 530 sewage treatment facilities, of which the five largest, located in the São Paulo metropolitan region, have treatment capacity of approximately 18 cubic meters of sewage per second. In the São Paulo metropolitan region, the treatment process used by most treatment facilities is the activated sludge process. Sewage treatment in the Regional Systems will vary according to the particularities of each area. In the interior region of São Paulo State, treatment consists largely of stabilization ponds. There are 428 secondary treatment facilities in the interior region of São Paulo State that have treatment capacity of approximately 15 cubic meters of sewage per second. Similar to our disposal process for treated sewage collected in the São Paulo metropolitan region, the majority of sewage collected in the coastal region receives treatment and disinfection and is then discharged into rivers and also into the Atlantic Ocean through our ocean outfalls, in accordance with applicable legislation. We have 78 sewage treatment facilities in the coastal region. Effluents from our treatment facilities must comply with limitation guidelines for release of effluents into receiving water bodies. Additionally, the quality of the water in the receiving water body must not be impaired by the release of such effluents, as established by State Decree No. 8,468/1976 and Conama Resolution No. 357/2005, as amended by Conama Resolution No. 430/2011. We are a party to a number of legal proceedings related to environmental matters. See “Item 8.A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings”. In addition, our capital expenditure program includes projects to increase the amount of sewage that we treat. See “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company—Capital Expenditure Program” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Environmental Matters—Environmental Regulation—Sewage Requirements”. Sludge Disposal The creation of sludge is inherent to the sanitation cycle. The treatment of water and sewage produces residue which needs to be disposed of appropriately to prevent harm to the environment. Sludge removed from the treatment process typically contains water and a very small proportion of solids. We use filter presses, belt presses, drying beds and centrifugation machines, among other processes, to abstract the water from the sludge. Currently, the sludge generated through our business activity goes mainly to landfills. In turn, we treat the slurry generated in these landfills. Current legislation and the population at large demand advances in the search for alternative technologies that minimize the generation of and find beneficial uses for sludge. In light of these demands, we work on several fronts, seeking innovative approaches to the destination and final disposal of sludge. In our sewage treatment station in Barueri, the largest treatment station in Latin America, we aim to reduce the quantity of sludge sent to landfills by seeking partnerships to conduct sludge drying. By drying sludge, 500 tons of sludge are reduced to 140 tons, transforming the dried sludge into cylindrical pellets that are used as a source of fuel for the generation of thermoelectric energy. The energy generated by the dried sludge pellets is used in the sludge drying process. We also use dried sludge to generate electric energy which may be sold or used in our own sewage treatment stations. In the interior and coastline regions of São Paulo, we have initiatives for the implementation of thermosolar sludge drying systems. By combining the remains of tree stubs and eucalyptus shells to the dried sludge, the sludge produced may be used as a fertilizer for agriculture. Part of the R$14.7 million invested in research and development in 2015 was used for approached to the disposal and beneficial use of sludge, in order to meet the Principles for Cleaner Production. For more information, see “Item 5.C. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc” Sludge disposal must comply with State and Federal law requirements, such as Resolution No. 375/2006 of the CONAMA, Federal Law No. 12,305/2010, Federal Decree No. 7,404/2010, State Law No. 12,300/2006 and State Decree No. 54,645/2009. 47 Principal Markets in Which We Operate As of December 31, 2015, we operated water and sewage systems in 364 of the 645 municipalities in the state of São Paulo. In addition, we currently supply water on a wholesale basis to 5 municipalities located in the São Paulo metropolitan region with an urban population of approximately 3.1 million people. The following table provides a breakdown of gross revenues from water supply and sewage services by geographic market for the periods indicated: São Paulo metropolitan region Regional Systems Total 2015 6,021.9 2,924.9 8,946.8 Year ended December 31, 2014 (in millions of R$) 6,235.3 2,670.1 8,905.4 The following table provides a breakdown of gross revenues from water supply and sewage services by category of activity for the periods indicated: Water supply Sewage services Total Competition 2015 5,045.5 3,901.3 8,946.8 Year ended December 31, 2014 (in millions of R$) 4,896.7 4,008.7 8,905.4 2013 6,984.4 2,555.7 9,540.1 2013 5,276.1 4,264.0 9,540.1 In the state of São Paulo, there are approximately 276 municipalities that operate their own water and sewage systems and that collectively have a total population of approximately 14.2 million, or approximately 31% of the population of the state of São Paulo, excluding the population of the municipalities to which we provide water services on a wholesale basis. The competition for municipal concessions arises mainly from the municipalities, as they may resume the water and sewage services that were granted to us and start providing these services directly to the local population. In this case, the municipal governments would be required to indemnify us for the unamortized portion of our investment. See “Item 3.D. —Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Municipalities may terminate our concessions before they expire in certain circumstances”. In the past, municipal governments have terminated our concessions agreements before the expiration date. Furthermore, municipal governments have tried to expropriate our assets in an attempt to resume the provision of water and sewage services to local populations. See “Item 8.A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings”. We negotiate expired concession agreements and concession agreements close to expiration with the municipalities in an attempt to maintain our existing areas of operations. In the state of São Paulo we face competition from private and municipal water and sewage service providers. In recent years, we have also experienced an increasing level of competition in the market of water supply to industrial customers. Several large industrial customers located in municipalities we serve use their own wells to meet their water needs. In addition, competition for the disposal of non-residential, commercial and industrial sludge in the São Paulo metropolitan region has increased in recent years as private companies offer stand-alone water treatment solutions inside the facilities of their customers. We have also established new tariff schedules for commercial and industrial customers in order to assist us in retaining these customers. For this group of certain industrial customers, ARSESP has given us special authorization to establish fixed demand agreements. Since these fixed demand agreements (take-or-pay contracts) with certain of our industrial customers are not covered by our bonus program, we stopped requiring the fulfillment of this fixed demand contract to encourage lower water consumption. In 2015, due to the water crisis, we did not formalize new contracts or increment the volume of water supplied and stopped requiring the fulfillment of this fixed demand contract. For more information about the water crisis, see “—The Current Water Crisis”. For more information on Take-or-pay Contracts see “—Tariff Structure—Fixed Demand Agreements (Take-or Pay)”. 48 Billing Procedures The procedure for billing and payment of our water and sewage services is largely the same for all customer categories. Water and sewage bills are based upon water usage determined by monthly water meter readings. Larger customers, however, have their meters read every 15 days to avoid non-physical loss resulting from faulty water meters. Sewage billing is included as part of the water bill and is based on the water meter reading. The majority of the bills for water and sewage services are delivered to our customers in person, mainly through one of our employees or through independent contractors who are also responsible for reading water meters. The remainder, by judicial determination, is sent by mail. Water and sewage bills can be paid at some banks and other locations in the state of São Paulo. These funds are paid over to us after deducting average banking fees ranging from R$0.29 to R$1.21 per transaction for collection and remittance of these payments. Customers must pay their water and sewage bills by the due date if they wish to avoid paying a fine. We generally charge a penalty fee and interest on late bill payments. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, we received payment of 90.4%, 94.6% and 95.2%, respectively, of the amount billed to our retail customers, and 90.2%, 94.3% and 95.0%, respectively, of the amount billed to those customers other than State entities, within 30 days after the due date. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, we received 96.2%, 101.1% and 100.5%, respectively, of the amount billed to the State entities. Amounts in excess of 100.0% reflect our recovery of amounts billed in prior years. With respect to wholesale supply, in 2015, 2014 and 2013, we received payment of 43.8%, 32.8% and 45.8%, respectively, of the amount billed within 30 days. We monitor water meter readings by use of hand-held computers and transmitters. The system allows the meter reader to input the gauge levels on the meters into the computer and automatically print the bill for the customer. The hand-held computer tracks water consumption usage at each metered location and prepares bills based on actual meter readings. Part of the water meter monitoring for billing purposes is carried out by our own personnel, trained and supervised by us, and part of it is carried out by third-party contractors that employ and train their own personnel whose training we supervise. Tariffs Tariff adjustments follow the guidelines established by the Basic Sanitation Law, ARSESP and our contracts, when applicable. The guidelines also establish procedural steps and the terms for the annual adjustments. The adjustments have to be announced 30 days prior to the effective date of the new tariffs, which previously became effective in September. As of the tariff revision conducted in 2014, the definition of the base date and future adjustments occur in April, and become effective in May. Tariffs have historically been adjusted once a year and for periods of at least 12 months. See “—Government Regulations Applicable to our Contracts—Tariff Regulation in the State of São Paulo” for additional information regarding our tariffs. With the publication of the Basic Sanitation Law, Federal Law No. 11,445/2007, states have been required to establish independent regulators responsible for the regulation of basic sanitation services, including tariff regulation. To exercise this assignment, the State of São Paulo enacted State Law No. 1,025/2007, which established ARSESP, which regulates and supervises the services we provide to the State and also to the municipalities that have agreed to its jurisdiction. The guidelines by which we readjust our tariffs are defined pursuant to State Decree No. 41,446/1996, which was ratified by Federal Law No. 11,445/2007, and regulated by the resolutions issued by ARSESP. In regards to municipalities that have not explicitly selected ARSESP as their regulator, the Basic Sanitation Law allows the municipality to create other regulatory agencies of their own. In 2007, the municipality of Lins decided to create its own regulatory authority, although it revised this decision in 2010, transferring to ARSESP the regulation of the water activities performed in Lins, including for the setting of tariffs. The municipality of Lins has reserved, however, the power to ultimately approve the tariff set by ARSESP. In addition, in 2011, the municipalities located in the hydrographic basins of the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí rivers created a consortium known as ARES/PCJ to regulate and supervise our activities in those areas, and for similar purposes, in November 2013 the Regulatory Agency of São Bernardo do Campo (AR/SBC) was created. As a result of the creation of the ARES/PCJ, we are currently involved in legal proceedings in which ARES/PCJ is claiming that it has jurisdiction over the regulation and supervision of our activities in three municipalities (Piracaia, Mombuca and Santa Maria da Serra). We cannot predict the outcome of this case or how it may impact our business. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factor—Risks Relating to Our Business—Current regulatory uncertainty, especially with regard to implementation and interpretation of the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Law, may have an adverse effect on our business”. 49 The number of judicial disputes related to the regulation and oversight of services in areas served by us and regulated by ARSESP has recently increased since 2012. Regional and municipal agencies may continue to be created and may dispute with ARSESP regarding the regulation and oversight of our services. In 2009, ARSESP invited public discussion and hearings to take place regarding the methodology for tariff revisions. In 2010, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 156/2010. This resolution established the methodology and general criteria for the valuation of our regulatory asset base to be used for purposes of tariff review processes and auditing. In May 2011, ARSESP disclosed the applicable weighted average cost of capital (8.06%) and disclosed in April 2012 the methodology for tariff revisions. In November 2012, ARSESP published a preliminary technical note for public consultation, proposing a preliminary initial maximum average tariff (P0) and X Factor, based on a preliminary evaluation of assets held by us. In 2012 and 2011, we readjusted our prices by 5.15% and 6.83% starting on September 11, 2012 and on September 11, 2011, respectively. On April 22, 2013, ARSESP approved a preliminary tariff revision of 2.3509% to be applied equally on all customer tariffs. These adjustments were valid for all municipalities we serve, except for the municipalities that possess specific contractual tariff clauses. On November 1, 2013, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 435/2013 which authorizes us to implement a tariff adjustment. Initially, this adjustment considered an inflation rate of 6.2707% as measured by the IPCA for the period from August 2012 to July 2013. From this number, ARSESP deducted the efficiency factor, or “X Factor”, of 0.4297% for the period, and this resulted in an adjustment of 5.8410%. Additionally, ARSESP estimated the gain that we had with the preliminary tariff revision of 2.3509% beginning in April 2013, and this resulted in a further reduction of 0.9249% in the indicator. Moreover, ARSESP also estimated our loss of 0.6538% resulting from the delay in the reposition of the IPCA and added that estimated amount. The product of these estimations and considerations resulted in a linear increase of 3.1451% in tariffs beginning December 11, 2013. In April 2014, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 484/2014 (further ratified by ARSESP Resolution No. 520/2014), which, among other things: (i) establishes that, as of May 11, 2014, a tariff repositioning index of 5.4408% in relation to our current tariffs and an annual X Factor of 0.9386%, which will be deducted in the upcoming annual tariff adjustments, shall be applied to water services bills; (ii) allows us to apply the repositioning index arising from the tariff revision at a more opportune future date, when we shall proceed with a recalculation and monetary adjustment of the applicable amounts, in order to ensure our economic and financial balance, taking into account the atypical situation in our market due to the lack of rainfall and our measures to encourage water savings in order to ensure supply; (iii) establishes that the next annual tariff adjustments will occur on April 11, 2015 and April 11, 2016, with the next tariff revision on April 11, 2017; and (iv) ratifies the readjustment rules set forth on Resolution No. 406/2013 and updated the X Factor for the tariff cycle from 0.836% to 0.9386%. The current tariff structure will be kept with respect to our services until the new structure is approved by ARSESP and implemented. Considering what has been established by Resolution No. 484/2014, we decided to postpone the application of the repositioning index to an opportune date no later than the end of December 2014. ARSESP Resolution No. 520/2014, published on November 27, 2014, authorizes us to implement a final tariff revision as of December 27, 2014 with a repositioning index of 6.4952%. This percentage corresponds to the index of the 5.4408% tariff revision increase already granted as a result of the conclusion of the tariff revision, approved by ARSESP Resolution No. 484/2014 of April 10, 2014, and an additional 1% index, accrued to the index for partial compensation regarding the postponement of the tariff revision application. This additional 1% index may be revised or supplemented after ARSESP analyzes data related to our loss in revenue on account of the application postponement. ARSESP Resolution No. 545/2015, published in January 2015, authorized us to implement a contingency tariff mechanism consisting of additions to water and sewage bills for customers whose monthly consumption exceeds the average monthly consumption verified, between February 2013 and January 2014. The tariff is subject to a contingency as follows: 50 I. II. a 40% increase on the tariff amount applicable to the water consumption portion that exceeds up to 20% of the average; or a 100% increase on the tariff amount applicable to the water consumption portion that exceeds more than 20% of the average. In March 2015, we filed with ARSESP an extraordinary revision request motivated by the decline in the volume of water billed due to the water crisis and the unpredicted increase in electricity tariffs. After analyzing our request and receiving opinions through public consultations, ARSESP published Resolutions No. 560 and No. 561: I. II. Resolution No. 560, published May 4, 2015, authorized a readjustment of 7.7875% on existing tariffs, which constituted of: (i) an annual tariff readjustment for the year of 2015 of 7.1899%, calculated based on the 8.1285% variation in the IPCA in the period between March 2014 and March 2015, minus the efficiency factor of 0.9386%; and (ii) the additional adjustment of 0.5575% due to the postponement of the application of the Ordinary Tariff Review (the tariff review that adjusts tariffs according to inflation), authorized in May 2014 but only applied in December 2014, when it was partially compensated; and Resolution No. 561, also published May 4, 2015, established the 6.9154% index of the Extraordinary Tariff Revision (the tariff revision we requested due to the decline in the volume of water billed due to the water crisis and the unpredicted increase in electricity tariffs) of the Company, applicable to the tariffs authorized on this date by Resolution No. 550. Both tariff adjustments, combined, resulted in the 15.24% index. The new tariff values began to be applied as of June 4, 2015. In December 2015, we requested ARSESP to ratify the continuity and update of the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program through the Bonus grant to the Water and Sewage Bill, as well as the continuity of the Contingency Tariff. In response, ARSESP published the following 2 resolutions: I. II. Resolution No. 614/2015, published in December 2015, authorized the extension until December 31, 2016, or until hydrological conditions become more predictable, of the effects of ARSESP Resolution No. 545/2015, maintaining the current rules and conditions for the application of the contingency tariff by us envisaged in Resolution No. 545/2015; and Resolution No. 615/2015, also published in December 2015, authorized the extension of the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program until December 31, 2016, or until hydrological conditions become more predictable, and updated of the reference consumption value used to determine when discounts should be offered to our customers. Prior to this resolution, the reference consumption value by which we calculated the discounts was the average consumption of our customers in the period between February 2013 and January 2014. As of December 2015, we modified the reference consumption value, which is currently set at 78% of the prior reference consumption value. The updated reference consumption value began to be applied to our customers’ bills as of February 1, 2016. The bonus ranges of 10%, 20% and 30%, were maintained, following the rules of our discount (bonus) program which established that if a client consumes 10% less water during a certain period compared to his reference consumption value, he will obtain a discount of 20% in his water bill, and if the client consumes 20% less water, he obtains a discount of 30%. In March 2016, we filed with ARSESP a request to cancel the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program and the Contingency Tariff. In response, ARSESP published on March 31, 2016, the following Resolutions: I. Resolution No. 640/2016, authorizing the cancellation of the Contingency Tariff, which will be applied to water meter readings as of May 1, 2016; and 51 II. Resolution No. 641 authorizing the cancellation of the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program, which granted discounts to water and sewage bills. This cancellation will be applied to water meter readings as of May 1, 2016. On April 11, 2016, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 643/2016, which authorizes us to implement an 8.4478% tariff adjustment to our current tariffs, effective on May 12, 2016. With regard to the contract dated June 23, 2010, executed with the State and the city of São Paulo to regulate the provision of water and sewage services for the next 30 years, among other principal terms of this agreement, we must transfer 7.5% of our gross revenues, subtracting the COFINS and PASEP taxes and unpaid bills of publicly owned properties in the city of São Paulo, to the Municipal Fund for Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure (Fundo Municipal de Saneamento Ambiental e Infraestrutura), ARSESP issued the following resolutions: In March 2013, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 407/2013, authorizing us to pass on to our consumers the 7.5% transfer to the Municipal Fund for Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure, as defined by municipal legislation. Pursuant to the Program Contracts and the Sewage and Water Supply Service Contracts, this charge must be considered in the tariff revision. In April 2013, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 413/2013, which effectively suspended Resolution No. 407/2013 until the tariff revision process is concluded, thereby postponing our authorization to pass on to our consumers’ service bill the charge for the Municipal Fund for Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure. The postponement of Resolution No. 407 was due to a request from the Government of the State of São Paulo to analyze, among other matters, methods of reducing the impact on consumers. In May 2014, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 488/2014, which maintained the suspension of ARSESP Resolution No. 407/2013 until the outcome of the revision of the contract signed between us, the city of São Paulo and the State of the São Paulo is known, thereby delaying the authorization to pass on to our consumers’ service bill the charge for the Municipal Fund for Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure. We cannot be certain when the contract will be revised or when we will be able to pass the 7.5% charge on to consumers through the service bill. For more information see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—The terms of our agreement to provide water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo could have a material adverse effect on us.” Tariff Structure Regarding the tariff structure, ARSESP Resolution No. 463/2014, published in January 2014, established April 10, 2014, as the deadline for publication of the timetable for implementation of our new tariff structure. However, on April 17, 2014, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 484/2014, which maintains the current Tariff Structure and does not set a date for implementation of the new tariff structure. Until the new tariff structure is approved by ARSESP, we will continue to use our current tariff structure. As such, we currently divide tariffs into two categories: residential and non-residential. The residential category is subdivided into standard residential, residential-social and shantytown (favela). The residential-social tariffs apply to residences of low-income families, residences of persons unemployed for up to 12 months and collective living residences. The favela tariffs apply to residences in shantytowns characterized by a lack of urban infrastructure. The latter two sub-categories were instituted to assist lower-income customers by providing lower tariffs for consumption. The non-residential category consists of: (i) commercial, industrial and public customers; (ii) “not-for-profit” entities that pay 50.0% of the prevailing non-residential tariff; (iii) government entities that have entered into a water loss reduction agreement with us and pay 75.0% of the prevailing non-residential tariff; and (iv) public entities that have entered into program agreements, for municipalities with a population of up to 30.0 thousand and with half or more classified according to their degree of social vulnerability by the Social Vulnerability Index of São Paulo (Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social) 5 and 6, of the SEADE, obtained through the analysis of the 2000 Census figures, and start to receive tariff benefits, in accordance with our normative ruling, for the category of public use, at the municipality level. The tariffs are equal to those offered to the commercial/entity of social assistance and that corresponds to 50.0% of the public tariffs without contractual provisions referred to in item (iv) above. 52 Fixed Demand Agreements (Take-or-Pay) We established a new tariff schedule, effective May 2002, for commercial and industrial customers that consume at least 5,000 cubic meters of water per month and that enter into fixed demand agreements (take-or-pay) with us for at least one-year terms. In October 2007, the minimum volume for entering into these agreements was reduced from 5.0 thousand cubic meters per month to 3.0 thousand cubic meters per month. We believe this tariff schedule will help prevent our commercial and industrial customers from switching to the use of private wells. Since 2008, we have been authorized by ARSESP to establish tariffs for non-residential customers, such as industrial and commercial customers, that consume more than 3.0 thousand cubic meters per month, with a maximum tariff equal to the tariffs applicable to non-residential customers that consume more than 50 cubic meters per month. In 2010, ARSESP authorized a reduction in the minimum volume of consumption for customers that enter into fixed demand agreements with us to a minimum of 500 cubic meters per month. In 2015, due to the water crisis, we did not formalize new contracts or increment the volume of water supplied and stopped requiring the fulfillment of this fixed demand contract. These fixed demand agreements are not covered by the water consumption reduction program, and are comprised in the contingency tariff that was implemented in January 2015. For more information about the water crisis, see “—The Current Water Crisis”. Water and sewage services tariffs We establish separate tariff schedules for our services in each of the São Paulo metropolitan regions and each of the interior region of São Paulo State and coastal regions which comprise our Regional Systems. Each tariff schedule incorporates regional cross-subsidies, taking into account the customers’ type and volume of consumption. Tariffs paid by customers with high monthly water consumption rates exceed our costs of providing water service. We use the excess tariff billed to high-volume customers to compensate for the lower tariffs paid by low-volume customers. Similarly, tariffs for non-residential customers are established at levels that subsidize residential customers. In addition, the tariffs for the São Paulo metropolitan region generally are higher than tariffs in the interior region of São Paulo State and coastal regions. Sewage charges in each region are fixed and are based on the same volume of water charged. In the São Paulo metropolitan region and the coastal region, the sewage tariffs equal the water tariffs. In the interior São Paulo State region, sewage tariffs are approximately 20.0% lower than water tariffs. Wholesale water rates are the same for all municipalities served in the São Paulo metropolitan region. We also make available sewage treatment services to those municipalities in line with the applicable contracts and tariffs. In addition, various industrial customers pay an additional sewage charge, depending on the characteristics of the sewage they produce. Each category and class of customer pays tariffs according to the volume of water consumed. The tariff paid by a certain category and class of customer increases progressively according to the increase in the volume of water consumed. The first category (0-10) corresponds to the minimum fee that is charged to our customers for the consumption of water. The following table sets forth the water and sewage services tariffs by (i) customer category and class; and (ii) volume of water consumed, charged in cubic meters during the years and period stated in the São Paulo metropolitan region: Customer Category Consumption Residential Standard Residential: 0-10(1) 11-20 21-50 Above 50 Social: 0-10(1) 11-20 21-30 31-50 Above 50 Shantytown (favela): 0-10(1) 11-20 21-30 31-50 Above 50 Non-Residential Commercial/Industrial/Governmental: 0-10(1) 11-20 21-50 Above 50 Social Welfare Entities: 0-10(1) 11-20 21-50 Above 50 Government entities that employ the Rational Use of Water Program (Programa de Uso Racional da Água – PURA), with reduction agreement: 0-10(1) 11-20 21-50 Above 50 (1) The minimum volume charged is for ten cubic meters per month. 53 As of June 4 2015 As of December 27, 2014 (reais per m3) As of December 11, 2013 2.06 3.23 8.07 8.89 0.70 1.21 4.28 6.10 6.74 0.53 0.61 2.02 6.10 6.74 4.15 8.07 15.45 16.10 2.07 4.03 7.76 8.06 3.11 6.04 11.63 12.08 1.79 2.80 7.00 7.71 0.61 1.05 3.71 5.29 5.85 0.46 0.53 1.75 5.29 5.85 3.60 7.00 13.41 13.97 1.80 3.50 6.73 6.99 2.70 5.24 10.09 10.48 1.68 2.63 6.57 7.24 0.57 0.99 3.48 4.97 5.49 0.44 0.50 1.64 4.97 5.49 3.38 6.57 12.59 13.12 1.69 3.29 6.32 6.56 2.53 4.92 9.47 9.84 In 2015, 2014 and 2013, the average tariff calculated for the Regional Systems was approximately 25% below the average tariff of the São Paulo metropolitan region. On April 11, 2016, ARSESP issued Resolution No. 643/2016, which authorizes us to implement an 8.4478% tariff adjustment to our current tariffs, effective on May 12, 2016. Government Regulations Applicable to our Contracts Basic sanitation services in Brazil are subject to extensive federal, state and local legislation and regulation that, among other matters, regulates: PLANASA the granting of concessions to provide water and sewage services; the development of PPPs; the need of a public bidding process for the appointment of private water and sewage services providers; the need of setting up an agreement for the appointment of public water and sewage services providers; the joint management of public services through cooperation, allowing for a program agreement without the need for a public bidding process for the service provider, subject to the condition that the planning, execution and monitoring activities are not executed by the service provider; minimum requirements for water and sewage services; water usage; water quality and environmental protection; and governmental restrictions on the incurrence of debt applicable to state-controlled companies. 54 In 1978, the tariffs and terms of operations of basic sanitation services, integrated to the National Plan of Basic Sanitation (Plano Nacional de Saneamento Básico), or “PLANASA”, were regulated by Law No. 6,528/1978, which regulated and supervised SABESP, created by State Law No. 119/1973 as a mixed capital company to provide basic sanitation services to the municipalities of the state of São Paulo. Pursuant to the Brazilian Constitution, the authority to develop and provide public water and sewage services are the joint responsibility of the federal government, the states and the municipalities. Article 216 of the Constitution of the State of São Paulo establishes that the State must provide the conditions for the efficient management and adequate expansion of water and sewage services rendered by its agencies and State-controlled companies or any other concessionaire under its control. State law authorized our formation to plan, provide and operate water and sewage services in the State and also acknowledged the autonomy of the municipalities. Pursuant to Article 175 of the Brazilian Constitution, the rendering of public services, such as water and sewage services, is the responsibility of the applicable public authority. However, any such public authority has the right to render these services directly or through a concession granted to a third party. The Basic Sanitation Law The Basic Sanitation Law No. 11,445/2007, or “The Basic Sanitation Law” went into effect on January 5, 2007, effectively substituting the PLANASA model, establishing nationwide guidelines for basic sanitation and seeking to create the appropriate solutions for the provision of basic sanitation considering the particular conditions in each state and municipality. The Basic Sanitation Law also sought to facilitate the technical cooperation between the state and municipalities. The Basic Sanitation Law establishes the following guiding principles for the public service of basic sanitation: universalization, integrality, efficiency and economic sustainability, transparency of actions, social control and integration of infrastructure and services with the management of water resources. It does not define the ownership of the sanitation services, but establishes the minimum liability for the exercise of ownership, such as the development of the sanitation plan, definition of the entities responsible for the regulation and control of sanitation services and the establishment of the rights and obligations of the users and of social control mechanisms. It also defines the laws and regulations under which a water and basic sanitation provider may provide its services to several regions controlled by different owners (i.e., one single provider serves two or more owners, for which there may be one plan for the combination of services). In addition, the Basic Sanitation Law defines the rules for the delegation of water and sewage services by the states and municipalities to contracted parties. The Basic Sanitation Law also significantly amends Article 42 of the Concessions Law, which establishes the termination of concessions prior to the expiration date and the reversibility conditions for unamortized assets. The amendment to Article 42 establishes that when a concession is terminated prior to its expiration date, the service provider must be compensated for unamortized assets, preferably through an amicable settlement between the parties defining the criteria for the calculation and payments of indemnity. Federal Decree No. 7,217/2010, enacted on June 21, 2010, (as modified by Federal Decree No. 8,211/2014 of March 21, 2014) and Law No. 11,445/2007, implemented the first series of new principles under the Basic Sanitation Law, including the following: for public-private partnership contracts (or program contracts), public hearings must be held with respect to bid announcements, and technical and economic viability studies must be performed; the rights and obligations of customers and service providers, including penalties, are determined by the owner of the public service, not by the regulatory agency (since its function is to ensure full compliance of legislative and contractual conditions); the regulatory agency’s function is to ensure compliance with the law and with the contractual conditions; the technical and financial viability of the provision of water and sewage services should be determined based on (i) capital contributions necessary to offer the services and (ii) expected revenues from the provision of the service; and 55 when a regulated service is to be provided by different service providers, those providers must execute an agreement regulating their respective activities. The Basic Sanitation Law defines the principles and guidelines which must be respected when securing public funds generated or operated by agencies or entities of the federal government, and foresees the possibility of using subsidies as an instrument of social policy in order to ensure access to basic sanitation services to everyone, particularly for low-income families. The subsidies may be granted either directly, through tariffs, or indirectly, depending on the characteristics of the beneficiaries and on the source of the funds. Furthermore, the Basic Sanitation Law also provides that the provision of sanitation services may be interrupted by the service provider, in the event of a default of payment of the tariffs by the customer, among other reasons. The provision of sanitation services may only be interrupted after a written notice, and as long as minimum health requirements are met. The Basic Sanitation Law defines the criteria for the reversal of assets at the time of termination of the agreement and, which also encompasses concession agreements, such as those that have expired or are effective for an indefinite term, or those that were not formalized by an agreement. In addition, the Basic Sanitation Law provides the basis for calculating the amount of an indemnity due, which must be calculated by a specialized institution chosen by mutual agreement between the parties. Pursuant to the Basic Sanitation Law, the parties involved in a concession may enter into an agreement with respect to the payment of the indemnification due to the concessionaire. However, in the absence of an agreement, the Basic Sanitation Law establishes that the indemnification must be paid in no more than four equal and successive annual installments, with the first installment payable by the last business day of the fiscal year in which the assets are reversed. According to the Basic Sanitation Law, the existing concessions will remain in effect until payment of indemnification is made based on the valuation of the investments. The Basic Sanitation Law provides that our new concession agreements must be planned, supervised and regulated by the municipalities together with the State under a new model of associated management that will allow for better control, supervision, transparency and efficiency in the provision of public services. Contracts for the Provision of Essential Basic Sanitation Services in Brazil In Brazil, there are three federal legal regimes for contracting water and sewage services: (i) public concessions, regulated by Law No. 8,987/1995, which require a prior public bidding process; (ii) administration of public services through cooperation agreements between the federal government and local public authorities at State and municipal level without the need for a public bidding process, regulated by the Public Consortia and Cooperation Agreement Law 11,107/2005; and (iii) public-private partnerships, regulated by Law No. 11,079/2004, used to grant concessions to private companies to provide public services and used in relation to construction works associated with the provision of public services. The Federal Concessions Law No. 8,987/1995 and the State Concessions Law No. 7,835/1992 require that the granting of a concession by the government be preceded by a public bidding process. However, the Federal Public Bidding Law No. 8,666/1993, which establishes the rules for the public bidding process, provides that a public bidding process can be waived under certain circumstances, including in the case of services to be provided by a public entity created for such specific purpose on a date prior to the effectiveness of this law, provided that the contracted price is compatible with what is practiced in the market. Furthermore, a provision of the Federal Public Bidding Law, as amended by the Public Consortia and Cooperation Agreement Law, provides that the program contracted can be executed with waiver of a public bidding process. Concession Agreements From 1998 to 2005, our contracts with municipalities have been regulated by the Federal Concessions Law No. 8,987/1995. Generally, these contracts have a 30-year term, and the total value of the concession is set by the discounted cash flow method. Under this method, when the expected contractual cash flow is reached, the total value of the concession and assets is amortized to zero on our books and we receive no payment for the assets. If the concession is terminated prior to the end of the 30-year term, thereby interrupting the normal contractual cash flow, we are paid an amount equal to the present value of the expected cash flow over the years remaining in the concession, adjusted for inflation. 56 Concessions for providing water and sewage services are formalized by agreements executed between the state or municipality, as the case may be, and a concessionaire to which the performance of these services is granted in a given municipality or region. Our concessions normally have a contractual term of up to 30 years. However, our concessions in general can be revoked at any time if certain standards of quality and safety are not met, or in the event of default of the terms of the concession agreement. A municipality that chooses to assume the direct control of its water and sewage services must terminate the current relationship by duly compensating the service provider and the investments unamortized. Subsequently, the municipality will be in charge of rendering services or of conducting a public bidding process to grant the concession to potential concessionaires, including agreements with public companies directly. The Basic Sanitation Law reduced the maximum time period for payment of indemnification in such cases to four years. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Municipalities may terminate our concessions before they expire in certain circumstances. The indemnification payments we receive in such cases may be less than the value of the investments we made”. Public-Private Partnerships Public-Private Partnerships, or “PPPs”, are long-term contracts between private parties and government entities, for providing a public asset or service, in which the private parties bears significant risk and management responsibility, and remuneration is linked to performance. PPPs are regulated by the State of São Paulo through Law No. 11,688/2004, which was enacted on May 19, 2004. PPPs may be used for: (i) implantation, expansion, improvement, reform, maintenance or management of public infrastructure; (ii) provision of public services; and (iii) exploitation of public assets and non-material rights belonging to the State. Payment is conditioned upon performance. The payment may be collected through: (i) tariffs paid by users; (ii) use of resources from the budget; (iii) assignment of credits belonging to the State; (iv) transfer of rights related to the commercial exploitation of public assets; (v) transfer of real property and other property of assets; (vi) public debts securities; and (vii) other revenues. In our case, payment is conditional upon performance and is collected through the use of resources from the budget. For more information, see “Item 4 Information the company – A. History and development the company – Capital Expenditure Program. Program Agreements On April 6, 2005, the federal government enacted Federal Law No. 11,107/2005, or the Federal Public Consortia and Cooperation Agreement Law, which regulates Article 241 of the Brazilian Constitution. This statute provides general principles to be observed when a public consortium enters into contracts with the Brazilian federal government, state governments, the Federal District and municipalities, regulating the joint management of public services. Federal Law No. 11,107/2005 introduces significant changes in the relationship among municipalities, states and companies providing public sanitation services, prohibiting the latter from exercising the activities of planning, oversight and regulation, including tariff regulation, of the services. The law also created the program agreement, a contract to be followed when Brazilian states and municipalities enter into agreements for the provision of public services with mixed capital companies. The program agreement provides the guidelines for the joint management of public services by Brazilian states and municipalities with mixed capital companies. Furthermore, this agreement allows states and municipalities to waiver the public bidding process and still be in compliance with concession legislation when entering into contracts with entities that are owned by the Brazilian states or municipalities. Federal Decree No. 6,017/2007 details the conditions for the establishment of joint management entities and the execution of the program agreement regulating the Public Consortia and Cooperation Agreement Law. 57 Pursuant to the Brazilian Constitution, in metropolitan regions, urban conurbations and microregions, the authority to develop public water and sewage systems is shared by the states and municipalities. However, for the municipalities which are not a part of the types of regions cited above (metropolitan regions, urban conurbations and microregions), the municipalities have the primary responsibility of providing water and sewage services to their residents. The Constitution of the State of São Paulo provides that the State shall assure the correct operation, necessary expansion and efficient administration of water and sewage services in the state of São Paulo by a company under its control. On January 13, 2006, the Governor of the State of São Paulo enacted State Decree No. 50,470/2006, amended by State Decrees No. 52,020/2007, dated July 30, 2007, and No. 53,192/2008, dated July 1, 2008, which regulate the provision of water and sewage services in the State of São Paulo. Pursuant to these decrees, we may enter into agreements with municipalities in connection with the provision of water and sewage services by means of a “program agreement without a public bidding process”. In addition, these decrees established that we will continue to render services in the areas covered by the concession granted by the State. Following the entry into force of the Public Consortia and Cooperation Agreements Law, we adopted the administration of public services through cooperation agreements and program agreement which can be used simultaneously. Agreements with Municipalities and Metropolitan Regions We provide basic sanitation services for municipalities and metropolitan regions. With regard to local operations, the municipalities are responsible for providing basic sanitation services. Thus, we operate through new contracts executed pursuant to a legal waiver of public tender under cooperation agreements between the state and municipalities which permit sharing the management of basic sanitation services. With regard to metropolitan regions, we conduct our operations based on state legislation and contracts and note pending litigation addressing the delineation of responsibilities regarding basic sanitation services in municipalities and metropolitan regions. There are pending cases before the Brazilian Supreme Court regarding whether the right to execute concession and program agreements in metropolitan regions belongs to the states or to the municipal governments. We note that on February 28, 2013, the Brazilian Supreme Court decided a pending case connected to the state of Rio de Janeiro, whose effects may impact other ongoing legal proceedings. In its decision, the majority of the court held that the state of Rio de Janeiro must establish new entities to oversee the planning, regulation and auditing of basic sanitation services in its metropolitan region with the non-partisan participation of relevant municipalities. In March 2013, the court ruled that this holding would come into effect in the state of Rio de Janeiro after a remaining appeal of its holding is decided. The court’s holding represents a new paradigm in the management and provision of public water and sewage services. The Brazilian Supreme Court has yet to clarify the effects and extension of its decision which modifies the ability of independent municipalities in metropolitan regions to exercise their constitutional competencies, including those related to the provision of basic sanitation services, due to public interest initiatives designed to provide adequate and continuous service to the residents of these municipalities. With respect to the oversight and sharing of responsibilities between states and municipalities of basic sanitation services, the Brazilian Supreme Court has ruled that the state must establish a public entity, with the non-partisan participation of the municipalities, in order to plan, regulate, and oversee basic sanitation services in these locations. Nevertheless, appeals were filed against this holding and are currently pending. In January 2015, the Federal Government issued the Metropolitan Bylaws (Law No. 13,089/2015), which within the next three years will establish: (i) the general guidelines for the planning, management and performance of public interest initiatives in metropolitan regions and in urban clusters instituted by the states; (ii) the general planning standards for integrated urban development and other international governance instruments; and (iii) the criteria to receive federal loans for initiatives related to international governance in the area of urban development. This law is expected to enter into effect within the next three years. In these municipalities, operations are regionalized and contracts are structured considering the financial and economic conditions of the entire region. The regulation including taxes, control and oversight are the responsibilities of ARSESP (LCE 1,025/2007 – Articles No. 6 and No. 10). 58 Establishment of ARSESP On June 8, 2006, the State of São Paulo enacted Decree No. 50,868/2006, creating the Commission for the Regulation of Sanitation Service of the State of São Paulo (Comissão de Regulação do Serviço de Saneamento do Estado de São Paulo), or “CORSANPA”, to regulate basic sanitation services. CORSANPA is directly subordinated to the State Secretariat for Sanitation and Water Resources. On August 5, 2009, the State of São Paulo enacted Decree No. 54,644/2009, which revoked Decree No. 50,868 and regulated the composition, organization and operation of the State Sanitation Council (Conselho Estadual de Saneamento), or “CONESAN” created by Supplementary Law No. 7,750/1992. The main duty of CORSANPA was conducting studies for the creation of a regulatory agency for the basic sanitation industry and the presentation of legal and regulatory measures. The completion of such duties resulted in the publication of supplementary Law No. 1,025/2007 of December 7, 2007, which created the São Paulo State Sanitation and Energy Regulatory Agency (Agência Reguladora de Saneamento e Energia do Estado de São Paulo), or “ARSESP”, and partially revoked Supplementary Law No. 7,750/1992. Furthermore, Supplementary Law No. 1,025/2007 maintained CONESAN, as an advisory council to define and implement the state basic sanitation policy, and the State Sanitation Fund (Fundo Estadual de Saneamento) or “FESAN”. FESAN is connected to the State Secretariat for Sanitation and Water Resources, and collects and manages resources that support State-approved programs, as well as the development of technology, management and human resources and a sanitation information system, in addition to other support programs. In connection with the scope of our services, Supplementary Law No. 1,025/2007 expanded the range of services that we can render, with the inclusion of urban rainwater drainage and management, urban cleaning and solid waste management, as well as the operation of power generation, storage, conservation and sales activities, for our own or third-party use. In addition, the rules simplified the process for the expansion of our business in Brazil and abroad, authorizing us to: participate in the controlling block or the capital of other companies; create subsidiaries, which may become majority or minority shareholders in other companies; and establish partnerships with national or foreign companies, including other state or municipal basic sanitation companies, in order to expand our activities, share technology and expand investments related to basic sanitation services. ARSESP regulates the basic sanitation services that belong to the State, relating to the federal and municipal jurisdictions and prerogatives, and is responsible for: the compliance with and enforcement of state and federal basic sanitation legislation; the publication of the organizational platform for the services, indicating the types of services provided by the State, as well as the equipment and facilities that compose the system; the acceptance, where applicable, of the legal attributions of the jurisdictional authority; the establishment, in accordance with the tariff guidelines defined by Decree No. 41,446/96, of tariffs and other methods that provide compensation for our services, adjustment and review of such tariffs and methods to ensure the financial-economic balance of services and low-cost tariffs through mechanisms that increase service efficiency and lead to the distribution of productivity gains to society; and the approval, oversight and regulation (including tariff issues) of the sewage treatment and wholesale water supply agreements entered into between the state supplier and other suppliers, pursuant to Article 12 of the Basic Sanitation Law. 59 With respect to municipal basic sanitation, ARSESP oversees and regulates services (including tariff issues) that have been delegated by municipalities to the State as a result of cooperation agreements that authorize program agreements between the municipalities and us for as long as it is convenient to the municipality’s public interest. For its services, ARSESP charges 0.50% of the annual total invoice from gross operating revenue (excluding revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure) of the municipality. This fee is collected from municipalities that have a signed program agreement with us and the municipalities located in the metropolitan regions. Rules Enacted by ARSESP In 2009 ARSESP enacted rules regarding the following: general terms and conditions for water and sewage services; procedures for communication regarding any failure in our services; penalties for deficiencies in the provision of basic sanitation services; and procedures for confidential treatment of our customers’ private information. Consumer Relations in the State of São Paulo In 2011, ARSESP altered the standard contract that we are required to use in our relationships with retail customers. This alteration requires that invoices be sent to the user of the service rather than the owner of the property. Since 2011, we have implemented several measures and instituted new rules to update our client registry. Currently, more than 90% of our water and sewage connections are billed to the user of our services, as foreseen under current regulations. We estimate that this change will affect ongoing legal disputes, particularly those regarding collection procedures, as well as business discussions in general. However, since this change is still being implemented, we are not currently able to predict its impact on our business. Regarding changes to the communication process for the reporting of failures, ARSESP has modified the rules and standards for supervision and reporting of incidents. We have implemented these requested changes. Currently, we receive a portion of the reported incidents online, through the Incident Reporting System (“Sistema de Comunicação de Incidentes”) established by ARSESP, which introduces greater transparency and control to our operations. In 2013, we established procedures for communicating scheduled interruptions in the provision of water services by developing the Communication of Scheduled Interruptions of Basic Sanitation, or “SISCIP-S”. We are currently evaluating the enforceability and legality of some of these rules. Implementation of these rules started during 2011, is currently ongoing, and is expected to continue for the next few years. The implementation of these rules will impact our commercial and operations processes, and may adversely affect us in ways we cannot currently predict. We are attentive to these regulatory changes, have been working toward meeting ARSESP’s requirements and recommendations, and have presented technical, legal and factual reasons for any conduct that ARSESP may find irregular. As a result, we are subject to few regulatory infractions and to limited fines. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—“Current regulatory uncertainty, especially with regard to implementation and interpretation of the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Law, may have an adverse effect on our business Following the increase in the demand for regulatory work, we created a regulatory affairs department, which focuses on regulatory matters and has centralized communication with the regulatory agencies, driving business to the new regulatory regime and proposing matters in which we have an interest to ARSESP. In April 2011, we created a specific department in our Financial, Economic and Investor Relations Office responsible for costs and tariffs, given the subject’s importance to the continuation of our business. We also created a statutory Regulatory Affairs Committee. The committee is composed of our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer, our Metropolitan Officer and our Regional Systems Officer and is responsible for defining the guidelines, strategies and regulatory recommendations for our Company and coordinating the work of the Regulatory Affairs Department. 60 Our Current Concession Agreements The current concessions are based on a standard form of agreement between us and the relevant municipality. Each agreement received the prior approval of the legislative council of each municipality. The assets comprising the existing municipal water and sewage systems are transferred from the municipality to us in order for us to provide the contracted services. Until 1998, we acquired municipal concessions and the existing water and sewage assets in exchange for our common shares issued at book value. Since 1998, we have acquired concessions and water and sewage assets by paying the municipality an amount equal to the present value of 30 years of estimated cash flows from the date of acquisition of the concession, assuming a discount of at least 12%. For reference purposes, ARSESP has set the discount rate for our contracts at 8.06% since 2011. The main provisions of our existing concession agreements are as follows: we assume all responsibility for providing water and sewage services in the municipality; according to the municipal laws authorizing the concession, we are permitted to collect tariffs for our services and tariff readjustments follow the guidelines established by the Basic Sanitation Law and ARSESP; as a general rule, to date, we are exempt from municipal taxes, and no royalties are payable to the municipality with respect to the concession; we are granted rights of way on municipal property for the installation of water pipes and water transmission lines, and sewage lines; and upon termination of the concession, for any reason, we are required to return the assets that comprise the municipality’s water and sewage system to the municipality and the municipality is required to pay us the non-amortized value of the assets relating to the concession. These assets have been considered to be intangible assets since January 2008. See Note 3.8 to our financial statements. Under concession agreements executed prior to 1998, the reimbursement for the assets may be through payment of either: the book value of the assets; or the market value of the assets as determined by a third-party appraiser in accordance with the terms of the specific agreement. Our new agreement model follows the provisions of the Basic Sanitation Law. Its main contractual provisions include the joint execution of planning, supervision and regulation of services, the appointment of a regulatory authority for the services, and periodic disclosure of financial statements. Furthermore, the economic and financial formulas in new agreements must be based on the discounted cash flow methodology and on the revaluation of returnable assets. Pursuant to the Basic Sanitation Law, the preexisting assets will be returned to the grantor of the concession. We will carry out all new investments and the municipalities will record them as assets. The municipalities will then transfer possession of these assets to us for our use and management and will also record a credit in the same amount of the assets recorded in our favor. According to Article 42 of the Basic Sanitation Law and the new agreement model, investments made during the contractual period are the property of the applicable municipality, which in turn generates receivables for us that are to be recovered through the operation of the services. These receivables may also be used as guarantees in funding operations. Another important development was that the new agreement model includes exemptions from municipal taxes applicable on our operational areas and the possibility of the revaluation of our assets that existed prior to the execution of the program agreements in cases involving the early resumption of services by the concession authority. 61 As of December 31, 2015, we provided water and sewage services to 364 municipalities. The majority of these concessions have 30-year terms. Due to court orders, we temporarily suspended our services in 3 other municipalities (Iperó, Macatuba and Cajobi). For more information, see “Item 8.A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings”. Between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015, we entered into agreements with 278 municipalities (including our services agreement with the city of São Paulo) in accordance with the Basic Sanitation Law, of which 4 were entered into in 2015. As of December 31, 2015, these 278 municipalities accounted for 78.6% of our gross operating revenues (including revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure). In addition to the contracts that have 30-year terms, the municipalities entered into cooperation contracts with the State of São Paulo, delegating the regulation and monitoring of the provision of services to ARSESP. As of December 31, 2015, 53 of our agreements or concessions had expired but we continued to provide water and sewage services to these 53 municipalities and were in negotiations with these municipalities to execute program agreements to substitute the expired concessions. From January 1, 2016 through 2030, 36 concessions will expire. Municipalities have the inherent power under Brazilian law to terminate concessions prior to their contractual expiration dates for reasons of public interest. The municipality of Mauá, which we previously served, terminated our concession in December 1995. As arranged, we transferred ownership of the related assets as well as of the provision of services to the Municipality of Mauá. In another contract we entered into with the Basic Sanitation Company of the Municipality of Mauá (Saneamento Básico do Município de Mauá – SAMA) and the Municipality of Mauá, we were responsible for providing water on a wholesale basis. However, neither SAMA nor the Municipality of Mauá complied with the stipulations of the agreement, culminating in a lawsuit brought against both parties. We demanded monetary compensation for our basic sanitary services. In a separate suit, we are demanding SAMA pay us the correct amount of tariffs for water services it has been receiving without our authorization at a cost below that contracted. The receivables owed to us by Mauá, due to the termination of the concession, total R$85.9 million and have not been recognized in our financial statements due to the uncertainty of our ability to collect them as of December 31, 2015. Despite these developments, we currently supply water on a wholesale basis to Mauá. In January 2016, the municipality of Mauá executed a Protocol of Intentions with us for the preparation of studies and evaluations aiming to resolve commercial relations and existing debts between the municipality and us. We currently do not anticipate that other municipalities will seek to terminate concessions due to our close relationship with municipal governments, recent improvements in the water and sewage services we provide, and the obligation of the municipality to repay us for the return of the concession. However, we cannot be certain that other municipalities will not seek to terminate their concessions in the future. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Municipalities may terminate our concessions before they expire in certain circumstances. The indemnification payments we receive in such cases may be less than the value of the investments we made”. In addition, we are currently involved in litigation with respect to municipalities that intend to expropriate our water and sewage systems, or to terminate concession agreements before paying us any indemnification. For a detailed discussion on these proceedings, see “Item 8.A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings”. Operations in the City of São Paulo and Certain Metropolitan Regions We are a concessionary of the state of São Paulo tasked with providing operate basic sanitary services in metropolitan regions, microregions and urban conglomerates instituted by state law. The State of São Paulo, pursuant to Article No. 25, Paragraph 3 of the Brazilian Constitution, enacted the LCE to create the metropolitan regions of São Paulo (LCE No. 94/1974), Baixada Santista (LCE No. 815/1996), Campinas (LCE No. 870/2000), Vale do Paraíba and Litoral Norte (LCE No. 1,166/2012), and Sorocaba No. (LCE 1,241/2014) and the urban clusters of Piracicaba (LCE No. 1,178/2012) and Jundiaí (LCE No. 1,146/2011). 62 In January 2015, the Federal Government issued the Metropolitan Bylaws (Law No. 13,089/2015), which within the next three years will establish: general guidelines for the planning, management and performance of public interest initiatives in metropolitan regions and in urban clusters instituted by the states; the general planning standards for integrated urban development and other international governance instruments; and the criteria to receive federal loans for initiatives related to international governance in the area of urban development. This law is expected to enter into effect in the next three years. There are some pending cases before the Brazilian Supreme Court regarding whether the right to execute concession and program agreements in metropolitan regions belongs to the states or to the municipal governments. In March 2013, the Brazilian Supreme Court decided a pending case on this matter related to the state of Rio de Janeiro. In its decision, a majority of the court held that the state of Rio de Janeiro must set up new entities to oversee the planning, regulation and auditing of basic sanitation services in its metropolitan region with the non-partisan participation of relevant municipalities. The Brazilian Supreme Court has yet to clarify the effects and extension of its decision which modifies the ability of independent municipalities in metropolitan regions to exercise their constitutional competencies, including those related to the provision of basic sanitation services, due to public interest initiatives designed to provide adequate and continuous service to the residents of these municipalities. The São Paulo metropolitan region accounted for 67.3% of our gross operating revenue in 2015 (excluding revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure). We cannot predict how the shared management of these operations will be carried out in the São Paulo metropolitan region and other metropolitan regions we operate in or what effect it may have on our business, financial condition or results of operations. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Current regulatory uncertainty, especially with regard to implementation and interpretation of the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Law, may have an adverse effect on our business”. On June 18, 2009, Municipal Law No. 14,934/2009 revoked Law No. 13,670/2003, which had assigned to the municipalities alone the responsibility of planning, regulating and overseeing water and sewage service provision in the city of São Paulo. On June 23, 2010, the state and the city of São Paulo executed a formal agreement which aims to: share the performance of planning; delegate to ARSESP the responsibility of overseeing and regulating, including tariff regulation; and authorize the continuation of water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo for a 30 year period, with the option of extending for an additional 30 year period See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—The terms of our agreement to provide water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo could have a material adverse effect on us”. Tariff Regulation in the State of São Paulo The tariffs for our services are subject to Federal and State regulation. On December 16, 1996, the Governor of the State of São Paulo issued a decree which updated the rules of the tariff system allowing us to continue to set our own tariffs according to the guidelines determined by these rules. We used to set our tariffs based on the general objectives of maintaining our financial condition and preserving “social equality” in terms of the provision of water and sewage services to the population while providing a return on investment. The governor’s decree also directs us to apply the following criteria in determining our tariffs: category of use; capacity of the water meter; characteristics of consumption; volume consumed; fixed and floating costs; seasonal variations of consumption; and 63 social and economic conditions of residential customers. With the enactment of the Basic Sanitation Law and Federal Consortium Law, we are prohibited from planning, overseeing and regulating services, which includes determining the tariff policy to be adopted. Such activities are to be exercised by the owner of the concession. Other than the responsibility for planning, the remaining activities may not be delegated. The current tariff structure maintains different tariff schedules, depending upon whether a customer is located in the São Paulo metropolitan region or the Regional Systems. There are four levels of volume consumed for each category of customer, except for the residential-social and shantytown (favelas) categories. The residential- social tariffs apply to residences of low income families, residences of persons unemployed for up to 12 months and collective living residences. The favela tariffs apply to residences in shantytowns characterized by a lack of urban infrastructure. The latter two sub categories were instituted to assist lower income customers by providing lower tariffs for consumption. Customers are billed on a monthly basis. Water and sewage bills are based upon water usage determined by monthly water meter readings. Larger customers, however, have their meters read every 15 days to avoid nonphysical loss resulting from faulty water meters. Sewage billing is included as part of the water bill and is based on the water meter reading. We are also authorized to enter into individual contracts with certain customers, such as municipalities, to supply water or sewage services on a wholesale basis. Furthermore, since Law No. 11,445/2007 permits municipalities to create their own regulatory agencies rather than being subjected to overview by ARSESP, a number of municipalities created their own regulatory agencies. The municipality of Lins, which decided in 2007 to create its own regulatory authority, revisited this decision in 2010 and transferred the regulation of water activities, including the setting of tariffs, to ARSESP. The municipality of Lins has reserved, however, the power to ultimately approve the tariff set by ARSESP. The municipalities in which the hydrographic basins of the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí rivers are located created a consortium known as the Regulatory Agency of Sanitation Services for the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí River Basin (Agência Reguladora dos Serviços de Saneamento das Bacias dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí), or ARES-PCJ, in 2011 to regulate and supervise our activities in those areas, and for similar purposes, in November 2013 the Regulatory Agency of São Bernardo do Campo (AR/SBC) was created. As a result of the creation of ARES/PCJ, we are currently involved in legal proceedings in which ARES/PCJ is claiming that it has jurisdiction over the regulation and supervision of our activities in three municipalities (Piracaia, Mombuca and Santa Maria da Serra). We cannot predict the outcome of this case or how it may impact our business. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Current regulatory uncertainty, especially with regard to implementation and interpretation of the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Law, may have an adverse effect on our business”. The number of judicial disputes concerning the regulation and oversight of services in areas served by us and regulated by ARSESP has increased since 2012. Agencies may continue to be created to regulate and oversee our services. The Current Water Crisis Prior to 2014, we planned our supply of water to the São Paulo metropolitan region according to the water supply during the driest period on record, from 1953 to 1954. However, water inflow to the Cantareira reservoirs throughout 2014 and most of 2015 was less than half the inflow of the previously most critical year, 1953. Consequently, the volume of water stored in the reservoirs in 2014 and 2015 significantly declined until September 2015, which was the first month since the beginning of the current water crisis that our reservoirs stored more water than the year before. Average monthly water production in 2015 was of 52.0 m³/s, compared to 62.2 m³/s in 2014 and 69.1 m³/s in 2013. From May 2014 to December 2015, it was not possible to withdraw water by gravity from the PCJ River Basin reservoirs intake. Pumping water out from the technical reserve, whose elevation is below the intake, was necessary. Water production in the Cantareira system decreased from 31.77 m³/s in February 2014 to 14.93 m³/s in December 2015. In December 2015, the volume of water of the technical reserve was restored, allowing us to withdraw water by gravity from the PCJ River Basin reservoirs intake and making it no longer necessary to pump water out from the technical reserve. As a result of the increase of the volume of water stored in our reservoirs in February 2016, we requested that ANA and DAEE increase the volume of water that we are permitted to extract from the Cantareira System. As of February 2016, we are permitted to extract 23.0 m³/s of water from the Cantareira System. Together with other water systems that were used to support the Cantareira System, the Alto Tietê System reached its maximum production capacity during the crisis period, which allowed for the transfer of treated water to areas previously supplied by the Cantareira System. 64 The Guarapiranga System, with a storage capacity of 171 billion liters of water, has kept favorable levels of water availability since the beginning of the drought and has been the system with the greatest treated water production since February 2015 and throughout the year of 2015. Accordingly, its water production levels have been high, allowing for the transfer of more treated water to areas that were previously supplied by the Cantareira System. Water production in this system increased from 13.77 m³/s in February 2014 to 15.33 m³/s in December 2015. In January 2016, the Cantareira System regained its post as the main water producing system in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, servicing a population of 5.7 million people, while the Guarapiranga System serviced 5.2 million people in the same time period. Monthly production of the Cantareira System was of 15.88 m³/s in January 2016 compared to 14.06 m³/s in January 2015. For more information on the water production systems which we use to produce water for the São Paulo metropolitan region see “Item 4.B. Our Operations—Description of Our Activities—Water Operations—Water Resources”. Cantareira System The Cantareira System is located in the northern area of the São Paulo metropolitan region. It uses water extracted from the PCJ River Basin and the Juqueri River Basin and is comprised of six reservoirs interconnected by a complex water network of tunnels and pipes, located along the municipalities of São Paulo, Mairiporã, Nazaré Paulista, Piracaia, Vargem, and Joanópolis. The latter two are located on the border of the state of Minas Gerais, approximately 100 kilometers from the city of São Paulo. Gravity forces the flow of water from one reservoir to another and once water reaches the Paiva Castro reservoir, located in the Juqueri River Basin, it is pumped to the Guaraú water treatment station. Under normal conditions, this system supplies water to approximately 8.9 million people, with an average extraction of up to 33 m³/s to serve the São Paulo metropolitan region. An additional 5 m³/s may be released to serve the metropolitan region of Campinas and Jundiaí that is located downstream from the reservoirs. Water Inflow to the Cantareira System During the October 2013 – March 2014 rainy season rainfall and water inflow levels into the reservoirs reached the lowest levels in 84 years of recorded rainfall in the region. This drought persisted in the rainy season between October 2014 and March 2015, making rainfall and water inflow levels reach the lowest levels in 85 years of recorded rainfall in the region. During the October 2015 – March 2016 rainy season, the level of rainfall in the region returned to the normal levels expected for the season. The table below sets forth water inflow (volume of water that flows into the reservoirs or natural inflow from river basin), taking into account: (i) historical average and minimum flows; (ii) 1953 as the driest year on record; (iii) flow along the hydrological year, from October to September; (iv) inflow during the 2014-2015 hydrological year and (v) inflow during the unconcluded 2015-2016 hydrological year (up to March 2016). Water Inflow Historical Average Historical Minimum Drought of 1953 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sep. For the month of 30.6 14.0 17.5 25.1 5.2 14.8 35.0 14.0 26.0 22.1 8.8 27.1 53.1 21.8 31.5 22.5 16.0 52.3 70.9 26.9 26.9 15.4 11.5 73.8 65 (in m³/s) 73.9 27.6 34.5 10.5 40.7 49.6 66.9 28.1 29.8 18.9 42.6 69.8 48.4 24.7 34.6 17.2 18.1 24.1 38.4 19.9 23.8 10.1 14.0 35.3 16.5 20.7 10.0 16.2 28.8 13.9 17.6 6.4 11.3 24.5 12.0 16.3 8.2 5.8 25.6 11.8 16.2 9.0 18.3 Since March 2014, ANA and DAEE have regulated the volume of water we were permitted to extract from the Cantareira System, which affected our supply of water to the São Paulo metropolitan region. The volume of water we are allowed to extract from the Cantareira system is communicated to us by DAEE and ANA via monthly notices according to the behavior of rainfall, water inflow, level of water in our reservoirs and our requests to extract water based on this information. Compared to the 33 m³/s we were allowed to extract from the PCJ River Basin and Juqueri River Basin before March 2014, in December 2015 we were permitted to extract 13.5 m³/s. As a result of the return of normal rainfall levels in the rainy season that began in October 2015 and the return of normal water inflow levels to the reservoirs in the Cantareira system, as of February 2016 we have been allowed by ANA and DAEE to extract 23.0 m³/s from the Cantareira System. The following table sets forth the level of water stored in the systems that serve the São Paulo metropolitan region as of December 2014, March 2015 and December 2015, and March 2016, at the end of the rainy season: March 2016 December 2015 March 2015 December 2014 Total Storage Capacity For the month (in millions of m3) Cantareira Guarapiranga Rio Grande Rio Claro Alto Tietê Cotia (*) Cantareira system total storage capacity = 982.0 million m³ availability above water intake plus (+) 287.5 million m³ availability below water intake (technical reserve). 1,269.5* 171.19 112.18 13.67 573.81 16.50 290.69 147.12 106.18 9.71 135.55 14.20 186.74 145.81 109.34 5.96 130.91 10.75 641.90 150.01 108.41 14.02 247.94 16.53 71.18 69.57 80.94 4.51 69.63 5.20 In order to continue to meet consumer demand of the São Paulo metropolitan region and decrease water production at the Cantareira System to the limits set by ANA and DAEE, in 2014 and 2015 we adopted the following measures to maintain continuous water supply to the São Paulo metropolitan region: using treated water from other production systems to serve consumers originally supplied by the Cantareira system; bonus program/contingency tariff; reducing pressure in the pipes in order to decrease leakage; adjusting the volume of treated water sold to municipalities that operate their own distribution network, due to the reduced availability of water; and extracting water from the technical reserve. The first four measures resulted in significant water savings and helped to offset the reduced volume of water extracted from the Cantareira System. Moreover, extracting water from the technical reserve was critical for the continuous supply of water to the population. As a result of the return of normal rainfall levels in the rainy season which began in October 2015, as of January 2016 it was no longer necessary to pump water out of the technical reserve of the PCJ River Basin and we modified the rules for the offer of discounts (bonus) in February 2016. On March 24, 2016, as a result of the increased level of rainfall and increased predictability of the level of water in our reservoirs, we requested to ARSESP the cancellations of our Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program and of the Contingency Tariff. ARSESP approved our requests on March 31, 2016 and the aforementioned policy changes shall be applied to water meter readings recorded as of May 1, 2016. In addition, as of December 2015, the time period during which water is pumped out at reduced pressure in the water distribution lines is returning to the normal nighttime period, as it was prior to the water crisis. Using Water from Other Production Systems to Serve Consumers Originally Supplied by the Cantareira System 66 The Cantareira System is part of the Integrated Water Supply System (Sistema Integrado de Abastecimento de Água), or “SIM”, of the São Paulo metropolitan region together with another seven production systems that are interconnected through a system of large water mains known as the Metropolitan Water Main System (Sistema Adutor Metropolitano), or “SAM”. SAM transports treated water to regional reservoirs. From there, treated water is distributed to the population through distribution networks. This system serves approximately 20 million people. Throughout the years, we have expanded the capacities of a number of SIM production systems and important SAM water mains, which further integrated the systems and allowed, among other things, the transfer of water from different production systems to areas that, under normal conditions, would have been supplied by the Cantareira System. The Alto Tietê and Guarapiranga systems were the ones that most contributed to that end. Due to its proximity, the Alto Tietê System has become the main support system for the Cantareira System, which consequently led to the decrease in the volume of water stored in the Alto Tietê reservoirs. As a precautionary measure, water production in this system was decreased from 14.97 m³/s in February 2014 to 11.91 m³/s in March 2015. As a result of the improvement in water levels in the Cantareira System, water production in the Alto Tietê System decreased from 13.24 m³/s in December 2015 to 11.57 m³/s in March 2016. Moreover, the Guarapiranga System, with a storage capacity of 171 billion liters, during the water crisis supplied water to an additional 1.4 million people of the south and southeast regions of the city of São Paulo who were previously served by the Cantareira System. As a result, the number of people served by the Guarapiranga System increased from 3.8 million people before the current water crisis to 5.2 million during the crisis. Water production in this system increased from 13.77 m³/s in February 2014 to 14.65 m³/s in March 2015. This system produced 15.33 m³/s of water in December 2015 and 13.95 m³/s in March 2016. Throughout 2014 and 2015, with the adoption of these measures, almost 3 million people who used to be served by the Cantareira System were then served by other systems. Bonus Program In February 2014, we implemented a water consumption reduction incentive program based on a bonus system, pursuant to which customers served by the Cantareira System who achieve a 20% reduction in water consumption are entitled to a 30% discount on their service bill. Initially, this incentive program was scheduled to last seven months or until the water level in the reservoirs normalized and became sufficient to supply the customers in the São Paulo metropolitan region served by the Cantareira System. In April 2014, the incentive program was extended for the entire São Paulo metropolitan region until the end of 2014 or until the water level in the reservoirs normalized. In May 2014, the incentive program was extended to those municipalities we served in Piracicaba, Capivari and the Jaguari River Basin in the Cantareira System catchment area and was valid for bills issued between June 2014 and December 2014. This latter extension of the incentive program was suspended on April 17, 2015. In October 2014, we implemented changes to the discount ranges in the bonus program: (i) customers who reduce water consumption equal to or more than 10% and less than 15% became entitled to a 10% discount on their service bill; (ii) customers who reduce water consumption equal to or more than 15% and less than 20% became entitled to a 20% discount on their service bill; and (iii) customers who reduce water consumption 20% or more became entitled to a 30% discount on their service bill. In December 2014, we extended the validity of the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program until the end of 2015 or until reservoir levels normalize, whichever occurs first. In December 2015, we modified our discounts (bonus) program, which aims to incentivize consumers to reduce their water consumption through the offer of discounts (bonus) to consumers that would below average amounts of water, by updating the reference value used to determine the discounts. Prior to this modification, the reference value by which we calculated the discounts was the average consumption of our customers in the period between February 2013 and January 2014. As of December 2015, we modified the reference value, which is currently set at 78% of the prior reference consumption value. The updated reference value began to be applied to our customers’ bills as of February 1, 2016. The bonus ranges of 10%, 20% and 30%, were maintained, following the rules of our discount (bonus) program, which established that if a client consumes between 10% and 15% less water during a certain period compared to his reference value, he will obtain a discount of 10% in his water bill, if he consumes between 15% and 20% less water during a certain period compared to his reference value, he will obtain a discount of 20% in his water bill, and if the client consumes 20% less water, he will obtain a discount of 30%. 67 On March 24, 2016 as a result of the increased level of rainfall and increased predictability of the level of water in our reservoirs, we requested to ARSESP the cancellation of our Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program. ARSESP approved our request on March 31, 2016 and the aforementioned policy change shall be applied to water meter readings recorded as of May 1, 2016. Contingency tariff In January 2015, ARSESP authorized us to implement a contingency tariff mechanism consisting of additions to water bills for customers who do not reduce their consumption. This contingency tariff mechanism is such that up to a 20% increase from the average consumption results in a tariff increase of 40% and consumption that exceeds 20% of the average results in a tariff increase of 100%. In December 2015, ARSESP authorized us to extend the contingency tariff, maintaining the current rules and conditions for its application, until December 31, 2016 or until there are more predictable inflows of water into our systems. On March 24, 2016 as a result of the increased level of rainfall and increased predictability of the level of water in our reservoirs, we requested to ARSESP the cancellation of the Contingency Tariff. ARSESP approved our request on March 31, 2016 and the aforementioned policy change shall be applied to water meter readings recorded as of May 1, 2016. Reducing Pressure in the Water Distribution Lines in order to Decrease Leakage Reducing water pressure in water distribution lines through operating maneuvers is a routine measure taken by sanitation companies to reduce water losses. We have been adopting this operating measure in the water supply network of the São Paulo metropolitan region since 1997. Due to the severity of the water crisis, during 2014 and 2015 we intensified measures to decrease water pressure in the water supply network. As a result, some areas of the São Paulo metropolitan region temporarily had less water availability during part of the day and night. The improvement of hydraulic and data transmission equipment allows us to monitor the volume of water used in a certain region in real time, remotely gauge existing pressure in the local water distribution line, and reduce the volume of water loss from leakages and mitigating any effects on water supply. As a result of the return of normal rainfall levels in the rainy season which began in October 2015, as of December 2015, the time period during which water is pumped out at reduced pressure in the water distribution lines is returning to the normal nighttime period, as it was prior to the water crisis. Adjusting the Volume of Treated Water Sold to Municipalities that Operate their own Distribution Network One of the measures adopted to offset the decreased volume of water extracted from the Cantareira System was to reduce the volume of water transferred to municipalities located in the area covered by the Cantareira System that we serve on a wholesale basis. The volume of water transferred was reduced by almost 2 m³/s. Extracting Water from the Technical Reserve When our simulations indicated that the working volume of the Cantareira System would be depleted before the following rainy season, we obtained an authorization from ANA and DAEE to use part of the water from the technical reserve of the Cantareira System. 68 Water from the technical reserve had never been used before. As a result, we built dams, water lines, water pipe facilities, and floating pumps to extract this water. We began using the first layer of the technical reserve, totaling 187 billion liters of water, in mid-May 2014, and the second layer, totaling 105 billion liters of water, at the end of October 2014. With the return of normal rainfall during the October 2015 – March 2016 rainy season, the technical reserve was fully restored in December 2015. Water Savings As of March 2016, the measures we adopted produced the following results: the implementation of the bonus program accounted for 22.8% of water savings; the reduction of pressure in water distribution lines and initiatives mitigating water losses accounted for 35.9% of water savings; the transfer of water between production systems accounted for 34.8% of water savings; the adjustment of the volume of treated water sold to municipalities that operate their own distribution network accounted for 6.5% of water savings. Emergency Projects and Projects Implemented to Meet the Water Demand of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region In addition to the abovementioned measures, we made and are making short and medium-term investments in projects to increase water availability, transfer water between different reservoir systems and expand water treatment production capacity. By the end of the decade, our production of treated water shall expand by 10.9 m³/s and an additional 10.6 m³/s will be available to our reservoirs through interconnections to other reservoirs in the state of São Paulo, which may be used by us if there are low levels of water in our reservoirs. The conclusion of these projects will result in improved water security for SIM. The main projects include: Alto Tietê System – transfer of an additional 1 m³/s from the Guaió River to the Taiaçupeva reservoir, in order to recover the reserve volume of the Alto Tiête reservoir. This project was concluded in June 2015; Alto Tietê System – transfer of additional 4.0 m³/s from Rio Grande - Billings reservoirs to the Alto Tietê System. This project was concluded in September 2015; Guarapiranga System – transfer of an additional 1 m³/s of which results from the expansion of the transfer capacity of the Billings reservoir to the Guarapiranga reservoir; This project was concluded in December 2015; Interconnection of the Jaguari (Paraíba do Sul River Basin) and Atibainha (Cantareira System River Basin) reservoirs – The purpose of this project is to recover water levels and increase the water security of the Cantareira System. The interconnection will allow water availability to increase in the Cantareira System by 5.13 m³/s (annual average) to 8.5 m³/s (maximum) by transferring water from the Jaguari reservoir to the Atibainha reservoir. The construction on the interconnection began in February 2016 and is expected to be concluded in 2017. For more information, see “—History and Development of the Company—Capital Expenditures Program”. Alto Tietê System – transfer of an additional 2.5 m³/s from the Itapanhaú river to the Biritiba reservoir, providing more volume to the Alto Tietê river. This project is currently under development and is expected to be concluded in 2017; Guaraparinga System – transfer of an additional 1 m³/s from the Alto Juquiá river to the Santa Rita Creek, in order to increase the volume of water in the Guarapiranga reservoir. This project is currently under development and is expected to be concluded in 2017; and 69 Implementation of the São Lourenço Production System: the project was initiated in April 2014 and is expected to begin operations at the end of 2017. This system will have an average water treatment capacity of 6.0 m3/s. For more information, see “—History and Development of the Company—Capital Expenditures Program”. The Drought Committee On February 3, 2015, the State approved Decree No. 61,111, which established the Drought Committee for the São Paulo metropolitan region (Comitê de Crise Hídrica no Âmbito da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo), or “Drought Committee”, as coordinated by the State Department for Sanitation and Water Resources (Secretaria de Saneamento e Recursos Hídricos). The Drought Committee’s main purposes are exchanging information and planning joint actions between its members in relation to the drought affecting regions in the state. The Drought Committee shall be composed of the Secretaries of (a) Sanitation and Water Resources (who shall chair the Drought Committee); (b) Chief of Staff; (c) Health; (d) Public Security; (e) the Environment; (f) Agriculture and Supplies; (g) Energy; and (h) the State Coordinator of Civil Defense. In addition, if invited, the following parties may also compose the Drought Committee: the mayors of São Paulo and Campinas, as well as the Chairmen of (a) the Intermunicipal Greater ABC Consortium (Consórcio Intermunicipal do Grande ABC); (b) the Development Consortium of the Alto Tietê Municipalities (Consórcio de Desenvolvimento dos Municípios do Alto Tietê); (c) the Intermunicipal Consortium of the Juqueri Basin (Consórcio Intermunicipal dos Municípios da Bacia do Juqueri); (d) the Intermunicipal Consortium of the Western Region of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (Consórcio Intermunicipal da Região Oeste Metropolitana de São Paulo); and (e) the Intermunicipal Consortium of the Southeast Region of Greater São Paulo (Consórcio Intermunicipal da Região Sudeste da Grande São Paulo). Representatives of professional associations, civil society groups and public administration entities may also be included in the Drought Committee by means of invitations. The State Chief of Staff will monitor the Drought Committee. In order to fulfill its purposes, the Drought Committee will be in charge of: (i) providing the mayors of the respective São Paulo metropolitan cities and the users of the water system with information regarding the status of the water systems, the severity of the water crisis and the decisions made on a governmental level regarding the water supply, in order to provide sufficient time for adaptation; (ii) examining alongside the city mayors the need to implement restrictions on the use of drinking water for purposes other than human consumption and animal consumption, by means of enacting local law; (iii) obtaining from the city mayors information necessary to update and/or amend contingency plans; and (iv) communicating to the public measures and risks related to restrictions on the supply of drinking water. Marketing Channels As of December 31, 2015, we were the concessionaire for the provision of water supply and collection, treatment and disposal of sewage services directly to end consumers for 364 municipalities of the state of São Paulo. We also supply water on a wholesale basis to five municipalities located in the São Paulo metropolitan region. It is the responsibility of these municipalities to then distribute the water to end consumers. We provide sewage services to four of these municipalities. Because of our distribution infrastructure, end consumers to whom we offer water services on a wholesale basis cannot alternatively acquire such services directly from us. For more information on service concessions, see “—Wholesale Operations”. Energy Consumption Energy is essential to our operations, and as a result we are one of the largest users of energy in the state of São Paulo. In the year ended December 31, 2015, we used approximately 1.64% of the total energy consumption in the state of São Paulo. To date, we have not experienced any major disruptions in energy supply. Any significant disruption of energy to us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Energy prices have a significant impact on our results of operations. In 2015, approximately 44% of our total energy consumption occurred within the “free market,” where we can more efficiently negotiate the supply of energy, the rest of our energy consumption comes from the Regulated Market. Regarding the conventional electricity free market during the year 2015, our need of energy was supplied through two contracts, one with AES Tietê (37%) and another with Tractebel Energia SA (63%). The energy supply on the open market for the 2016 period will be attended by three new contracts already signed. 70 Most of the energy produced in Brazil comes from hydroelectric power plants. The severe drought in the southeast and central-west regions of Brazil since the end of 2013, associated with the decisions taken by the Federal Government in recent years, led to a huge increase in energy prices in 2015. Considering this scenario, in 2015 the total energy costs increased 36.5% compared to 2014. For more information on energy, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We are exposed to risks associated with the provision of water and sewage services”. Insurance We maintain insurance covering, among other things, fire or other damage to our property and office buildings and third-party liability. We also maintain insurance coverage for directors’ and officers’ liability (D&O insurance). We currently obtain our insurance policies by means of public bids involving major Brazilian and international insurance companies that operate in Brazil. As of December 31, 2015, we had paid a total aggregate amount of R$6.9 million in premiums. In addition, we paid R$2.6 million for a D&O insurance policy, covering R$4.0 billion in assets, third-party liabilities and D&O insurance. We do not have insurance coverage for business interruption risk because we do not believe that the high premiums for such insurance are justified by the low risk of major interruption of our activities. In addition, we do not have insurance coverage for liabilities arising from water contamination or other problems involving our water supply to customers and for environmental related liabilities and damages. We believe that we maintain insurance at levels customary in Brazil for our type of business. Intellectual Property Trademarks We have secured registration of our logo and composite trademark at the Brazilian Institute of Industrial Property (Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial), or INPI. We have registered with the INPI the following trademarks: “Sabesp”, “Sabesp Soluções Ambientais”, “Projeto Tietê”, “Programa Córrego Limpo”, “Programa Onda Limpa”, “Prol – Programa de Reciclagem do Óleo De Fritura”, “Revista DAE”, “Ligação Sabesp”, “Agente da Gente – Sabesp na Comunidade”, “PURA – Programa de Uso Racional da Água”, “Sabesp Inteligência Ambiental”, “Reúso da Água”, “Uso Racional da Água”, “Parque da Integração”, “Clubinho Sabesp”, “Cauã”, “Denis”, “Gabi”, “Gotucho”, “Gota Borralheira”, “Dr. Gastão”, “Iara”, “Ratantan”, “Sayuri”, “Cadu”, “SuperH2O”, “Sabesp Semana do Meio Ambiente”, “Água”, “Sabesp Aquífero Guarani”, “Água Sabesp Estação Cantareira”, “Contrato de Fidelização Sabesp”, “Esgotos não Domésticos Sabesp”, “Cine Sabesp”, “PEA – Programa de Educação Ambiental” and “Sabesp Abraço Verde”. Cauã, Denis, Gabi, Gotucho, Gota Borralheira, Dr. Gastão, Iara, Sayuri, Ratantan, Cadu and Super H2O are some of the characters of our children’s club (Clubinho SABESP), which is a tool for environmental education directed to children through our website. We have also filed applications with the INPI for registration of the following trademarks: “Parque Da Integração”, “Programa de Recuperação Ambiental”, “Signos Sistema De Informação Geográfica No Saneamento”, “Signos Net Sistema De Informação Geográfica No Saneamento”, “Scorpion”, “Sabesp Semana do Meio Ambiente”, “Água de Reúso Sabesp”, “Água Sabesp Aquífero Guarani”, “Água Sabesp Estação Cantareira”, “Contrato de Fidelização Sabesp”, “Esgotos não Domésticos Sabesp”, “Cine Sabesp”, “Ecoposto Sabesp”, “PEA – Programa de Educação Ambiental”, “Projeto Tietê”, “Sabesp Abraço Verde”, “Super H2O”, “Programa Córrego Limpo”, “Parque da Integração”, “Eu Sou Guardião das Águas Sabesp Eu Não Desperdiço”, “Calculadora de Sonhos”, “Signos Sistema de Informações Geográficas no Saneamento”, “Acertando Suas Contas Com a Sabesp”, “Parque Sabesp Mooca”, “Parque Sabesp Cangaíba” and “Parque Sabesp Butantã”. Patents 71 We have a patent granted by the INPI for a constructive device in a building hydraulic simulator used for didactic purposes. We have also filed patent requests for the following additional devices: a biofilter odor control unit; a device for the removal of supernatants in the treatment of sewage; a mobile device for the calibration of hydrometers; rotary devices used to clean water reservoirs transported by trucks with high-pressure hydrojetting systems; and leakage detection digital system. We are currently awaiting responses to our patent requests from the INPI. While the requests are under consideration, we are granted the exclusive right to use these devices. Software We have adopted an internal policy that provides for an active and effective audit and prevention of unauthorized software. We have acquired the software licenses for all our workstations. We have also developed certain computer programs for management and control of water and sewage treatment facilities, as well as for third-party services management, called “AQUALOG” (Control Water Treatment Plants), “SGL” (Bid Management System), “SCORPION” (Software to Operational Control), “Electronic Price Quotation” (Cotação Eletrônica de Preços), “PREGÃO SABESP ONLINE”, “SISDOC – Sistema de Controle de Documentos”, “Sistema de análise do comportamento metrológico de hidrômetros”, “Modelo padronizado de Laudo técnico-MPLT”, “SGH - hydrometry management system” (Sistema de Gestão de Hidrometria), “SIA – Sistema de Informações de Auditoria”, “CSI - Sistema Comercial: Serviços e Informações”, “NETCONTROL – Sistema de Automação de Laboratórios de Controle Sanitário”, “SACE- Sistema de Atendimento Comercial Externo”, “SAN – Sistema de Apoio à Navegação”, “online software for managing specific articles published in the DAE magazine”, “Dashboard”, “COP - Online Control of Water Losses”, “Sistema de Gestão de Energia Elétrica – GEL”, “CADGEO”, “LIGGEO” and “Sistema de Gestão de Propriedade Intelectual”. We have also secured registration of these programs at the INPI. AQUALOG is a Brazilian software designed to monitor water treatment through the employment of artificial intelligence. In 2001, we completed the first rendering of services based on the AQUALOG software to a third party with the automation of a water treatment plant in the city of Jaguará do Sul, State of Santa Catarina. We have entered into an agreement to license the software to Sanesul, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and to Teuto’s drugs factory, in the city of Anapólis, state of Goiás. SGL is an electronic price quotation system that allows us to view and control all bid and acquisition proceedings in real time. Domain Names We own the domain names described below which have been registered with the relevant entity in Brazil, Regristro.br: www.sabesp.com.br; www.corregolimpo.com.br; www.projetotiete.com.br; www.revistadae.com.br; www.blogdasabesp.com.br; 72 www.blogsabesp.com.br; www.sustentabilidadesabesp.com.br; www.inovasabesp.com.br; www.ondalimpa.com.br; www.programaondalimpa.com.br; www.clubinhosabesp.com.br; and www.superh2o.com.br. Environmental Matters Our environmental management, which is guided by the directives established in our environmental policy, is inherent to the provision of our services and the essence of our business. In order to consolidate our environmental culture, we prioritize the internal and external dissemination of knowledge and experience on the best environmental practices. There are actions of our environmental management corporate program that rely on the involvement of collaborators, the communities we service and partnerships with non-governmental organizations. We have the following ongoing environmental management programs: development of the Corporate Greenhouse Gas Management Program (Programa Corporativo de Gestão de Emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa), in line with the guidelines from the São Paulo State Climate Change Policy (PEMC), including the preparation of inventories of greenhouse gases, totaling eight inventories concluded since 2007; continuation of the actions set forth in the corporate programs for obtaining and maintaining environmental licenses and grants for the right to use water; the implementation of the Environmental Education Program (PEA-SABESP), an important tool for the effectiveness of our sanitation activities, which propitiates connections with the communities we service through over a hundred environmental education projects. The activities developed by the PEA are organized with the following objectives: increment the intrinsic value of water; protect the environment; preserve the streams; improve the quality of the environment; valorize sanitation activities; valorize the conscious use of water; direct capacitation and production of guiding material. Under the PEA, we developed actions and projects including: ecological horseback rides, the release of fingerlings, bike rides, the planting of trees, monitored visits to treatment plants and historical archives, mobilizations for the rational use of water, educational speeches and meetings with the community. In 2015, we held approximately 4.4 thousand educational speeches in schools, communities and companies, which combined were delivered to an audience of around 492.1 thousand people. We also held 1.5 thousand monitored visits to treatment plants, with a total of 77.6 thousand visitors; management of our institutional representation in the State and National Systems of Water Resources, including training of company representatives to participate in: (i) the creation of criteria for water usage charges, (ii) the monitoring of river basin plans (Planos de Bacias), (iii) review of water bodies’ classifications, and (iv) analysis of legislation regarding the protection of water sources; implementation of the SABESP 3-Rs Program (Programa SABESP 3Rs) for the reduction, re-use and recycling of waste from administrative activities, in partnership with waste and recycling collecting cooperatives and which includes employee training enabling them to act as multipliers in the roll-out of the program; and 73 implementation of an Environmental Management System, or “EMS”, in our water and sewage treatment stations. In order to expedite the implementation of EMS in all stations by 2024, we are strategically reprioritizing our efforts and we have adopted a mixed model since 2015. The ISO 14001 model will be maintained in the certified stations and may be expanded according to our strategy. The other stations will adopt our own EMS model (SGA-SABESP). As of March 2015, we had 51 stations with ISO 14001 certification. As a result of the new strategy implemented in 2015, there has been a reduction in the number of ISO 14001 certified stations. In April 2015, we requested and obtained the recommendation for the ISO 14001 recertification of 35 stations. A new external auditing cycle occurred in March 2016 maintaining the ISO 14001 certification in 35 stations. Currently, the EMS has been installed in 95 stations and is being installed in 34 other stations, totaling 129 stations by the end of 2016. In addition to corporate environmental management initiatives, we have several projects and initiatives underway to benefit the environment by engaging the population at large. In 2015, we invested R$18.4 million in environmental programs and projects directly concerned with the development and implementation of corporative environmental management programs as well as the Program for Rational Use of Water (Programa de Uso Racional da Água – PURA), among other initiatives. Other investments and related costs related to environmental management are included in the total value of operational expenses and investments mentioned in this annual report. Climate Change Regulations: Reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Emissions We are required to comply with laws and regulations related to climate change, including international agreements and treaties to which Brazil is a signatory. The São Paulo State Climate Change Policy (Law No. 13,798/2009), enacted on November 9, 2009, and regulated by Decree No. 55,947 of June 21, 2010, aims to reduce global emissions of carbon dioxide by 20.0% by 2020 compared with 2005 levels. Brazil’s Climate Change Policy (Law No. 12,187/2009), enacted on December 29, 2009 and regulated by Decree No. 7.390/2010 establishes a voluntary national commitment to reduce Brazil’s currently projected GHG emissions for 2020 by a percentage between 36.1% and 38.9%. Such targets have not been established for the sanitation sector yet. In this sense we are currently developing a Corporate Greenhouse Gas Management Program, aimed at reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, including the creation of an inventory to record releases of greenhouse gases. In 2015, we concluded the corporate inventory of greenhouse gases for 2014, thus totaling eight inventories since 2007. We noted that the trend observed in the previous inventories persists, specifically that activities regarding sewage collection and treatment remain our largest sources of greenhouse gas release, representing approximately 84% of total greenhouse gas release. Electric energy represents approximately 14% and other activities represent approximately 2%. We also participate in initiatives that produce clean energy, such as the installation of a small hydroelectric power plant, which contribute to the reduction of the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. We have projects in the research and development stages that entail using biogas generated in the sewage treatment process and recycling sewage sludge as means to reduce the gases released in the treatment processes. We also have initiatives to reduce our emission of greenhouse gases, such as the coverage of stabilization ponds and the implementation of composting systems. At this point, it is still not possible to predict if climate change policies will provide opportunities or generate new costs for us. Reducing our emissions of carbon dioxide will involve costs and expenses related to implementing more stringent control mechanisms, adopting pollution prevention measures and actions to minimize the generation of GHGs. We may not receive financial incentives to offset all or part of these costs. In addition, if limitations in GHG emissions affect our supply chain and increase our costs, we may not be able to pass on these costs to our end consumers. See “—Tariffs”. 74 Physical Effects of Extreme Weather Events Since our financial performance is closely linked to climate patterns that influence the qualitative and quantitative availability of water, the further worsening of extreme weather conditions may intensify the adverse effects on our business and operations. The persistence of the long-term effects of extreme weather conditions causes significant alterations in the physical environment that may create unfavorable circumstances, which could affect the costs of services and tariffs. An increase in heavy rainfall can impact the regular operation of water sources, including abstraction of water from our dams, through potential increased soil erosion, silting and runoff of pollutants that can affect aquatic ecosystems. In addition, increased flows of rainwater into sewage systems may overwhelm the capacity of sewage treatment plants. In the case of prolonged periods of drought, for example, reduced water levels in dams can greatly impact the production process. Droughts also lower reservoir levels available for hydroelectric plants, which may lead to power shortages, particularly since hydroelectric power accounts for most of Brazil’s electric power supply. Lack of electric energy could lead to instability in water supply and sewage collection and treatment services, which could damage our reputation. In addition, because we are one of the largest consumers of electricity in the state of São Paulo, a potential increase in electricity tariffs due to a shortage of hydroelectric power could have a significant economic impact on us. We are also the concessionaire for water and sewage services for all the coastal municipalities of the state of São Paulo. A rise in the sea level could result in increased salinity in the river estuaries where we abstract water, which could affect water treatment in these areas. Rising sea levels could also cause damage in our sewage collection network. Extreme climate events may also affect the extraction, production and transportation of the materials necessary for our operations, such as water treatment materials, and may lead to an increase in the cost of these materials. A drastic rise in air temperature could also increase consumer demand for water, increasing the need to expand both water supply and sewage treatment. In this context, our strategy calls for identifying mitigating actions, enlarging their coverage and managing possible operational risks related to climate change, as well as identifying opportunities to increase our effectiveness and to implement new technologies. With regard to the intensified risk of reduced water availability, we are working to adapt to a new scenario of water scarcity due to the risks associates with the effects of climate change through initiatives such as the Corporate Programs for Loss Reduction, the Program for Rational Water Usage and the expansion of the planned reutilization of effluents for urban and industrial purposes, among others. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—New laws and regulations relating to climate change and changes in existing regulation, as well as the physical effects of extreme weather events, may result in increased liabilities and increased capital expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on us”. Regarding the drought that affected the Cantareira System throughout 2014 and 2015, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—The measures we took to mitigate the effects of the drought resulted in a significant decrease in the volume of water billed and revenues from services we provide, which had a material adverse effect on our company and that may worsen if the drought escalates in severity” and “—The Current Water Crisis”. Public Bidding Procedures Pursuant to the Federal Public Bidding Law, the public bid process commences with publication by the granting authority in a federal, state or municipal official newspaper, as the case may be, and another leading Brazilian newspaper. The publication announces that the granting authority will carry out a public bidding contest pursuant to provisions set forth in an edital (invitation to bid). The invitation to bid must specify, among other terms: (i) the purpose, duration and goals of the bid; (ii) the participation of bidders, either individually or forming a consortium; (iii) a description of the qualifications required for adequate performance of the services covered by the bid; (iv) the deadlines for the submission of the bids; (v) the criteria used for the selection of the winning bidder; and (vi) a list of the documents required to establish the bidder’s technical, financial and legal capabilities. 75 The invitation to bid is binding on the granting authority. Bidders may submit their proposals either individually or in consortia, as provided for in the invitation to bid. After receiving proposals, the granting authority will evaluate each proposal according to the following criteria, which must have been set forth in the invitation to bid: the technical quality of the proposal; lowest cost or lowest public service tariff offered; a combination of the criteria above; or the largest amount offered in consideration for the concession. The provisions of State Law No. 6,544/1989 of November 2, 1989, as amended, or the State Public Bidding Law, parallel the provisions of the Federal Public Bidding Law. The Federal and State bidding laws will apply to us in the event that we seek to secure new concessions. Moreover, these bidding laws currently apply to us with respect to obtaining goods and services from third parties for our business operations or in connection with our capital expenditure program, in each case subject to certain exceptions. Water Usage State law establishes the basic principles governing the use of water resources in the state of São Paulo in accordance with the State constitution. These principles include: rational utilization of water resources, ensuring that their primary use is to supply water to the population; optimizing the economic and social benefits resulting from the use of water resources; protection of water resources against actions which could compromise current and future use; defense against critical hydrological events which could cause risk to the health and safety of the population or economic and social losses; development of hydro-transportation for economic benefit; development of permanent programs of conservation and protection of underground water against pollution and excessive exploitation; and prevention of soil erosion in urban and rural areas, with a view to protecting against physical pollution and silting of water resources. Among other instruments established by this Policy, the competent public authority grants for the right to use water for the implementation of any enterprise that demands the use of surface or underground water resources (for water collection and release of effluents), as well as for the execution of services that alter the regime or quality of such water resources. In the case of rivers under the federal government’s domain (rivers crossing more than one state), ANA is the public authority which grants the authorization. With respect to the rivers under a state’s domain, the applicable state authority has jurisdiction to grant the right of use. In the state of São Paulo, DAEE is the public authority responsible for granting such authorizations. In conducting our principal activities, we have the majority of grants for the rights to use water, and there is a multi-annual corporate program in place to obtain and maintain the rights to use water for the remaining activities. However, all of our water-usage activities included in the corporate program have filed requests for grants for the right to use water with the competent authority; many of these requests have been granted and others are under analysis by DAEE and ANA. Another phase of the corporate program is predicted to meet new demands. 76 State Law No. 12,183/2005, which was enacted on December 29, 2005, established the basis for charging for the use of the water resources under the domain of the State of São Paulo. To apply such charging, the law provides for, among other provisions, the participation of the River Basins Committees, the formulation of criteria by such Committees, the creation of basin agencies and the organization of a registered list of water resource users. The basin committee’s proposals regarding the criteria to calculate the amounts to be charged at each basin must be approved by the State Water Resource Council, and formalized by a decree issued by the State Governor. According to existing law, the hydrographic basins committees are authorized to charge users, such as us, for the abstraction of water from, or dumping of sewage into, water bodies. Charging for the use of water is under gradual implementation by the State of São Paulo, where the largest individual contributors are located, and it is a management tool of the Policy on Water Resources to promote the rational use of water and finance programs and actions established by the basin plans. In 2015, we paid approximately R$43 million for the use of water resources. Charging for the use of water from rivers of federal domain began in 2003 in the Paraíba do Sul basin, and charging for the use of water from rivers of state domain began in 2007 in the Paraíba do Sul, Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí basins. Subsequently, charges were implemented for the use of water from the Sorocaba, Médio Tietê and Baixada Santista basins. In 2013, charges were implemented for the use of water from the Baixo Tietê basin and, in April 2014, for the use of water from the Alto Tietê River Basin. It is probable that the same will occur in 2016 in the other river basins of the State of São Paulo. Water Quality Administrative Rule No. 2,914/2011, issued by the Ministry of Health of the federal government, provides the standards for potable water for human consumption in Brazil. This rule is similar to the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act and the regulations enacted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which establishes rules for sampling and limits related to substances that are potentially hazardous to human health. In compliance with Brazilian law, the physical-chemical, organic and bacteriological analyses carried out for water quality control must follow several national and international standards, such as: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater from the institutions such as the American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF); United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); standards published by the International Standardization Organization (ISO); and methodologies proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Decree No. 5,440/2005 provides that the quality of water must be disclosed to consumers. We have been complying with this regulation by publishing the required information in monthly bills and annual reports delivered to all consumers that we serve. Environmental Regulation The implementation and operation of water and sewage systems are subject to strict federal, state and municipal laws and regulations on environmental and water-resource protection. The National Environmental Council (Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente), or the “CONAMA”, is the federal agency responsible for the regulation of potentially polluting activities. In the state of São Paulo, CETESB is the governmental entity responsible for the control, supervision, monitoring and licensing of polluting activities, pursuant to State Law No. 997/1976 and State Law No. 13,542/2009. The control and environmental planning instruments are defined by several legal instruments, such as State Law No. 997/1976, which regulates environmental licensing of sanitation projects that cause significant alterations to the environment; CONAMA pollution control; CONAMA Resolution No. 05/1988, which requires Resolution No. 237/1997, which regulates (i) environmental licenses, (ii) federal, state and local jurisdiction over environmental issues, (iii) the list of activities subject to licensing, and (iv) environmental impact studies and reports; State Decree No. 47,400/2002 and related articles from State Law No. 9,509/1997 regarding environmental licensing; State Decree No. 8,468/1976, CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, and CONAMA Resolution No. 397/2008, which establish standards of quality for receiving bodies of water; State Decree No. 8,468/1976 and CONAMA Resolution No. 430/2011 which establish the standards for discharge of effluents; and Portaria Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica No. 717/1996, which regulates the concession of grants for the right to use water and rights to interfere in water resources. 77 The licensing process, usually, is composed of three stages, including the following licenses: preliminary license – granted in the planning stage, approving the location and concept and attesting to the project’s environmental feasibility; installation license – authorizing the beginning of works for the installation of the project, subject to compliance with approved plans, programs and projects, including environmental control measures and other necessary technical requirements; and operation license – authorizing the operation of a unit or activity, subject to compliance with the technical requirements contained in the installation license. There are cases, according to the type of business to be licensed, in which the preliminary license may be issued with the installation license. The environmental licenses are renewable. Projects with significant environmental impact are subject to specific studies prepared by multidisciplinary teams that present a series of recommendations focused on minimizing the environmental impact. These studies are then submitted for analysis and approval by the government authorities. We have been implementing a multi-annual corporate program to obtain and maintain the environmental licenses for our water treatment stations and sewage treatment stations in order to comply with environmental regulations. The corporate program to obtain and maintain the licenses for our sewage pumping stations is currently being reviewed by CETESB. Sewage Requirements State law sets forth regulations regarding pollution control and environmental preservation in the state of São Paulo. According to this law, in areas in which there is a public sewage system, all effluents of a “polluting source” must be discharged to such system, as is the case for industrial enterprises. It is the responsibility of the polluting source to connect itself to the public sewage system. All effluents to be discharged are required to meet the standards and conditions established by the applicable environmental law, which allows such effluents to be treated by our treatment facilities and discharged in an environmentally safe manner. Effluents that do not comply with such criteria are prohibited from being discharged into the public sewage system. State legislation also establishes that liquid effluents, except those related to basic sanitation, be subjected to pre-treatment so that they meet the required mandatory levels before being discharged into the public sewage system. Effluents from our treatment facilities must comply with effluent limitation guidelines and meet the water quality standards of the receiving water bodies established by federal and state legislation. See “—Sewage Operations—Sewage System”. The CETESB is authorized under State law to monitor discharges of effluents into the water bodies, among other things. The CETESB also issues the environmental licenses to the polluting sources, including sewage treatment stations. For more information, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Environmental Matters”. State and federal water resource legislation establishes the charging of fees for the discharge of treated effluents into water bodies. This charge is already in force for some river basins, and it is in different implementation stages for the remaining basins. See “—Environmental Matters—Water Usage”. Governmental Restrictions on Incurrence of Debt On June 30, 1998, the CMN issued Resolution No. 2,515/1998 amending certain conditions that must be observed with respect to external credit operations (i.e., foreign currency borrowings) of states, the Federal District of Brasília, municipalities and their respective autarquias (agencies), foundations and non-financial companies, including us. This resolution provides, among other things, that, with certain exceptions applicable to the importation of goods and services: 78 the proceeds of external credit operations must be exclusively used to refinance outstanding financial obligations of the borrower, with preference given to those obligations that have a higher cost and a shorter term, and, until used for such purposes, the proceeds shall remain deposited, as directed by the Central Bank, in a pledged account; and the total amount of the contractual obligation must be subject to monthly deposits in a pledged account, equal to the total debt service obligation, including principal and interest, divided by the number of months that the obligation is to be outstanding. The CMN resolution further provides that the requirements described above do not apply to financing transactions involving multilateral or official organizations such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, or “IBRD”, the IADB or the JICA. The Central Bank regulation implementing this resolution provides, among other things, that the account referred to in the first bullet point above must be an account opened in a federal financial institution, which is to hold such funds until released for the purpose of refinancing outstanding obligations of the borrower. The Central Bank regulation further provides that the account described in the second bullet point above must be an escrow account to be opened in a federal financial institution and to secure the payment of principal and interest on the external debt. Our foreign currency-denominated transactions are also subject to the approval of the National Secretariat of Treasury (Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional) and the Central Bank. After reviewing the financial terms and conditions of the transaction, the National Secretariat of Treasury and the Central Bank will issue an approval for the closing of the foreign exchange transaction relating to the entry of the funds into Brazil and, following such entry and at our request, an electronic certificate of registration through which all scheduled payments of principal, interest and expenses will be remitted by us. The electronic certificate of registration grants the borrower access to the market for foreign exchange. Lending Limits of Brazilian Financial Institutions The CMN Resolution No. 2,827/2001 dated as of March 30, 2001, as amended, limits the amount that Brazilian financial institutions may lend to public sector companies, such as us. Financing of projects which are put up for international bid and any financing in reais provided to the Brazilian counterpart of such international bids are excluded from these limits. Scope of Business State Law No. 12,292/2006, dated as of March 2, 2006, and amended State Law No. 119/1973, dated as of June 29, 1973, which created our Company, authorizes us to provide water and sewage services outside São Paulo (in other states of Brazil and other countries). This law also authorizes us to own interests in other public or private-public companies and Brazilian or international consortia. In addition, this law permits us to incorporate subsidiaries and enter into a partnership with or acquire interests in a private company with a corporate purpose related to the sanitation business. C. Organizational Structure Not applicable. D. Property, Plant, Equipment and Intangible Assets Our principal property, plant and equipment comprise administrative facilities which are stated at historical costs less depreciation. The reservoirs, water treatment facilities, water distribution networks consisting of water pipes, water transmission lines, water connections and water meters, sewage treatment facilities, and sewage collection networks consisting of sewer lines and sewage connections are recorded as intangible assets (concession assets). As of December 31, 2015, we operated through 71,705 kilometers of water pipes and water transmission lines and 48,774 kilometers of sewer lines. As of that same date, we operated 235 water treatment facilities and 539 sewage treatment facilities (including 9 ocean outfalls), as well as 16 water quality control laboratories. 79 As of December 31, 2015, the total net book value of our property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (including concession assets) was R$28,838.7 million. All of our material properties are located in the state of São Paulo. ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS Not applicable. ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS The following management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. This annual report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, without limitation, those set forth in “Risk Factors”. In the following discussion, references to increases or decreases in any period are made by comparison with the corresponding prior period, except as the context otherwise indicates. A. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Overview As of December 31, 2015, we operated water and sewage systems in the state of São Paulo, including in the city of São Paulo, Brazil’s largest city. Our operations extended into a total of 364 municipalities, or 56% of all municipalities in the state. We also provided water services on a wholesale basis to five municipalities located in the São Paulo metropolitan region in which we did not operate water distribution systems. The São Paulo metropolitan region, which includes the city of São Paulo, is our most important service region. With a total population of approximately 21.4 million, the São Paulo metropolitan region accounted for 67.3%, 70.0% and 73.2% of our gross operating revenue in 2015, 2014 and 2013 (excluding revenues relating to the construction of concession infrastructure), respectively. As of December 31, 2015, 60.6% of the concession intangible assets reflected on our balance sheet were located in this region. In an effort to respond to demand in the São Paulo metropolitan region and because the region represents the principal opportunity to increase our net operating revenue, we have concentrated a major portion of our capital expenditure program to expand the water and sewage systems and to increase and protect water sources in this region. Our capital expenditure program is our most significant liquidity and capital resource requirement. Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations Our results of operations and financial condition are generally affected by our ability to raise tariffs, control costs and improve productivity, general economic conditions in Brazil and abroad, and extreme weather events. Effects of Tariff Increases Our results of operations and financial condition are highly dependent on tariff increases for our water and sewage services. Since the enactment of the Basic Sanitation Law in 2007, as a general rule, regulatory agencies are responsible for setting, adjusting and reviewing tariffs, taking into consideration, among other factors, the following: political considerations arising from our status as a State-controlled company; anti-inflation measures enacted by the federal government from time to time; and 80 when necessary, the readjustment to maintain the original balance between each party’s obligation and economic gain (equilíbrio econômico-financeiro) under the agreement. Readjustment of our tariffs continues to be set annually and depend on the parameters established by the Basic Sanitation Law and ARSESP. The guidelines also establish procedural steps and the terms for annual adjustments. The annual adjustments must be announced 30 days prior to the effective date of the new tariffs. See “4.B. Business Overview – Tariffs”. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage increase of our tariffs, as compared to three inflation indexes: Increase in average tariff(1) Inflation – IPC – FIPE Inflation – IPCA Inflation – IGP-M 2015 Year ended December 31, 2014 2013 15.24% 11.07% 10.67% 10.54% 6.50% 5.20% 6.41% 3.69% 5.84% 3.88% 5.91% 5.51% (1) See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Tariffs” for addition information on tariff increases. Sources: Central Bank, Fundação Getulio Vargas, or FGV, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, or IBGE, and Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas. Effects of Brazilian Economic Conditions As a company with all of its operations in Brazil, our results of operations and financial condition are affected by general economic conditions in Brazil, particularly by the economic activity and the inflation rate. For example, the general performance of the Brazilian economy may affect our cost of capital and inflation may affect our costs and margins. The Brazilian economic environment has been characterized by significant variations in economic growth rates. However, as our product is viewed as essential, in normal conditions our sales revenue demonstrates high stability. In 2015, our business was significantly affected by the most severe drought recorded in our service area in the last 85 years. General Economic Conditions In 2013, Brazilian GDP increased 2.3% in comparison with 2012. Also in 2013, Brazil had US$375 billion in currency reserves and its trade surplus was US$2.6 billion, the worst in 13 years, and its trade balance fell 86% in comparison with 2012. The average unemployment rate in Brazil’s principal metropolitan regions was 5.4%, the lowest rate in history at that time, according to the IBGE. In 2014, Brazilian GDP increased 0.1% in comparison with 2013. Also in 2014, Brazil had US$374.0 billion in currency reserves and its trade deficit was US$3.9 billion, the first negative annual balance since 2000 and the worst since 1998. The average unemployment rate in Brazil’s principal metropolitan regions was 4.8%, the lowest rate in history according to the IBGE. In 2015, Brazilian GDP decreased 3.8% in comparison with 2014, the worst result in 25 years. Also in 2015, Brazil had US$368.4 billion in currency reserves and its trade surplus was US$19.7 billion, which is the largest since 2011. The average unemployment rate in Brazil’s principal metropolitan regions was 6.9%, which is the highest rate since 2009 according to the IBGE. Interest Rates As a political monetary instrument of the federal government, the SELIC rate influences the behavior of other interest rates in the country, including the rates related indebtedness denominated in local currency. In 2011, until the month of August, the Central Bank continued increasing the SELIC rate, reaching 12.50% in July. In the month of August, the Central Bank started decreasing the SELIC, closing 2011 at 11.00%. This downward trend was maintained in 2012, with the SELIC rate closing the year of 2012 at 7.25%. In 2013, the SELIC rate was kept at 7.25% until April, after which the Central Bank started to gradually raise it. The SELIC rate was 9.9% at December 31, 2013 and increased to 11.65% at December 31, 2014. The SELIC rate increased to 14.15% at December 31, 2015. 81 We have not contracted any derivative financial instruments or any hedging instruments to mitigate interest rate fluctuations. Inflation Inflation affects our financial performance by increasing our costs of services rendered and operating expenses. Part of our real-denominated debt is directly indexed to take into account the effects of inflation. Additionally, we are exposed to the mismatch between the inflation adjustment indices of our loans and financing and those of our receivables. Water supply and sewage service tariffs do not necessarily follow the increases in inflation adjustment and interest rates affecting our debt. We cannot assure you that our tariffs will be increased, in future periods, to offset, in full or in part, the effects of inflation. Inflation adjustments derive from collections from or payment to third parties, as contractually required by law or court decision, and are recognized on an accrual basis. Inflation adjustments included in these agreements and decisions are not considered embedded derivatives, since they are deemed as inflation adjustments for us. See Notes 3.20, 5.1 and 27 of the financial statements for the impacts of inflation adjustments on our financial performance and debt. Currency Exchange Rates We had total foreign currency-denominated indebtedness of R$6,617.8 million as of December 31, 2015, of which R$901.2 million relates to the current portion of our long-term foreign currency-denominated obligations. In the event of significant devaluations of the real in relation to the U.S. dollar or other currencies, the cost of servicing our foreign currency-denominated obligations would increase as measured in reais, particularly as our tariff and other revenue is based solely in reais. In addition, any significant devaluation of the real will increase our financial expenses as a result of foreign exchange losses that we must record. In 2013, the 14.64% depreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar offset by the 5.91% appreciation of the real against the yen led to a foreign exchange loss of R$267.8 million. In 2014, the 13.39% depreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar and the 0.45% appreciation of the real against the yen led to a foreign exchange loss of R$345.1 million. In 2015, the 47.01% depreciation of the real against the dollar and the 45.95% depreciation of the real against the yen led to a foreign exchange loss of R$1,992.0 million. However, since most of our debt denominated in foreign currencies is long-term debt with a long amortization schedule, a devaluation of the real would principally impact cash flows regarding the current portion of our long-term debt. We do not have any exposure to derivatives tied to foreign currencies. The following table shows the fluctuation of the real against the U.S. dollar, the period-end exchange rates and the average exchange rates as of or for the periods indicated: Depreciation (appreciation) of the real versus U.S. dollar(2) Period-end exchange rate – US$1.00 Average exchange rate – US$1.00(1) (1) Represents the average for period indicated. (2) Represents the comparison with period-end exchange rate. Source: Central Bank. Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (in reais, except percentages) 47.0% 3.9048 3.3387 13.4% 2.6562 2.3547 14.6% 2.3426 2.1605 The following table shows the fluctuation of the real against the yen, the period-end exchange rates and the average exchange rates as of or for the periods indicated: 82 Depreciation (appreciation) of the real versus yen(2) Period-end exchange rate – ¥1.00 Average exchange rate – ¥1.0(1) (1) Represents the average for period indicated. (2) Represents the comparison with period-end exchange rate. Source: Central Bank. Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (in reais, except percentages) 46.0% 0.0324 0.0276 (0.45)% 0.0222 0.0222 (5.9)% 0.0223 0.0221 During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 we had no forward exchange transactions. For further information on exchange rates, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Brazil—The devaluation of the real to foreign currencies may adversely affect us and the market price of our common shares or ADSs” and “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Sources—Indebtedness Financing—Financial Covenants”. Effects of Extreme Weather Events The southeastern region of Brazil, particularly the southern region of the state of Minas Gerais, the PCJ River Basin (from which we extract the water used in the Cantareira System), and the northern area of the São Paulo metropolitan region, experienced below average rainfall since 2012. In the October 2013 – March 2014 rainy season, rain levels and water inflow into the reservoirs reached the lowest levels in 84 years of recorded rainfall in the region, a scenario that continued in the October 2014 – March 2015 rainy season. During the October 2015 – March 2016 rainy season, the level of rainfall in the region returned to the normal levels expected for the period. Improved rainfall in the rainy season that began in October 2015, the collaborative efforts between us and the population we serve and emergency construction works conducted by us throughout 2014 and 2015 to combat the water crisis, resulted in a partial restoration of the water levels of the Cantareira system.. As of December 31, 2015, the reservoirs in the São Paulo metropolitan region, where our largest market is located, contained 703 billion liters of bulk water storage for treatment, compared to 301 billion liters available for treatment as of December 31, 2014. Under normal circumstances, we withdraw 6.2 billion liters per day (equivalent to the total water production of 71.4 m³/s in February 2014 for the São Paulo metropolitan region) from the reservoirs. This volume decreased to 4.7 billion during the drought (equivalent to the total water production of 54.8 m³/s in December 2015 for the São Paulo metropolitan region). The extent and the consequences of the drought have provoked a continuous reduction in the volume of water billed. Throughout 2015, the water volume billed decreased 8.0% compared to 2014. Even with the return of normal rainfall levels throughout the October 2015 – March 2016 rainy season, the need to recover the volume of water stored in the reservoirs of the Cantareira system will persist throughout the next rainy season. The Cantareira system’s maximum storage capacity, including the technical reserve, is 1,269.5 million m³. Excluding the technical reserve, which is 287.5 million m³, the Cantareira's maximum storage capacity is 982.0 million m³. The volume of water in the Cantareira system recovered throughout the October 2015 – March 2016 rainy season and was 641.9 million m³ as of March 2016, which represents 50.6% of its maximum storage capacity including the technical reserve . In December 2015, 5.3 million inhabitants were serviced by this system, compared to 8.9 million in February 2014. In order to balance supply and demand despite restricted water availability, we adopted from February 2014 until January 2016 a series of measures, including: (i) use treated water from other production systems to serve consumers originally supplied by the Cantareira system; (ii) offer discounts (bonuses) to consumers that would use below average amounts of water, compared to average consumption; (iii) reduce pressure in the water distribution lines in order to decrease losses due to leakage; (iv) adjusting the volume of water sold to municipalities that operate their own distribution network, due to reduced water availability; and (v) use pumps in order to extract water located below the intakes of the Cantareira system, from the so-called “technical reserve”, an unprecedented measure. As a result of the return of normal rainfall levels in the rainy season that began in October 2015, as of February 2016 we modified the rules for the offer of discounts (bonuses) and as of January 2016 it was no longer necessary to pump water out of the technical reserve of the Cantareira system, as water levels returned to a volume at which they could be naturally extracted. On March 24, 2016, as a result of the increased level of rainfall and increased predictability of the level of water in our reservoirs, we requested to ARSESP the cancellations of our Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program and of the Contingency Tariff. ARSESP approved our requests on March 31, 2016 and the aforementioned policy changes shall be applied to water meter readings recorded as of May 1, 2016. In addition, as of December 2015, the time period during which water is pumped out at reduced pressure in the water distribution lines is returning to the normal nighttime period, as it was prior to the water crisis. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—The Current Water Crisis”. 83 Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments We make estimates and judgments concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and judgments that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amount of our assets and liabilities within the next financial year are mentioned below. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We record an allowance for doubtful accounts in an amount that our management considers sufficient to cover probable losses, based on an analysis of customer accounts receivable, in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 3.4 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Provisions for the allowance for doubtful accounts are included in selling expenses, net of recoveries. The net charge to this allowance was R$2.4 million, R$139.6 million and R$103.9 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Wholesale sales losses, amounting to R$273.0 million, R$219.7 million and R$218.7 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, were also recorded as revenue reduction. The methodology for determining the allowance for doubtful accounts requires significant estimates, considering a number of factors, including historical collection experience, current economic trends, estimates of forecast write-offs, the aging of the accounts receivable portfolio and other factors. While we believe that the estimates used are reasonable, actual results could differ from those estimates. Intangible Assets Arising from Concession and Program Contracts As of December 31, 2015, we had intangible assets of R$28,513.6 million. We recognize intangible assets arising from concession contracts under IFRIC 12. We estimate the fair value of construction and other work on the infrastructure to recognize the cost of the intangible asset, which is recognized when the infrastructure is built and provided that it will generate future economic benefits. The great majority of our contracts for service concession arrangements entered with each grantor is under service concession agreements in which we have the right to receive, at the end of the contract, a payment equivalent to the unamortized asset balance of the concession intangible asset, which in this case, is amortized over the useful life of the underlying physical assets; thus at the end of the contract, the remaining value of the intangible would be equal to the residual value of the related physical asset. The fair value of construction and other work on the infrastructure is recognized as revenue, at its fair value, when the infrastructure is built, provided that this work is expected to generate future economic benefits. The accounting policy for the recognition of construction revenue is described in Note 3.3 “Operating Income” to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 84 Intangible assets related to concession agreements and program contracts, when there is no right to receive the residual value of the assets at the end of the contract, are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of the contract or the useful life of the underlying asset, whichever is shorter. Investments made and not recovered through rendering of services, within the terms of our agreement, must be indemnified by the concession grantor; (1) with cash or cash equivalents or also, in general, (2) with a contract extension. These investments are amortized over the useful life of the asset. Law No.11,445/2007 prescribes that, whenever possible, basic sanitation public utilities shall have their economic and financial sustainability ensured through the consideration received from service collection, preferably as tariffs and other public charges, which may be established for each service or both. Therefore, investments made and not recovered through these services, within the original term of the contract, are recorded as intangible assets and amortized over the useful life of the asset, taking into consideration a solid track record of concession renewal and, therefore, the continuity of services. The recognition of fair value for the intangible assets arising on concession contracts is subject to assumptions and estimates, and the use of different assumptions could affect the balances recorded. The amortization of intangible assets and estimated useful lives of the underlying assets also requires significant assumptions and estimates, which different assumptions and estimates, and changes in future circumstances, could affect amortization of intangible assets and remaining useful lives of the underlying assets and can have a significant impact on the results of operations. Provision As of December 31, 2015, we were party to judicial and administrative proceedings, relating to civil, environmental and tax matters, amounting to R$1,082.2 million (deducting the amount of R$330.7 million related to escrow deposits) with respect to which we considered the risk of loss as probable. As of that date, proceedings with respect to which we considered the risk of loss as possible amounted to R$5,410.5 million, and those with respect to which we considered the risk of loss as remote amounted to R$41,444.1 million. We are a party to a number of legal proceedings involving significant monetary claims. These legal proceedings include, among other types, disputes with customers and suppliers and tax, labor, civil, environmental and other proceedings. For a more detailed discussion of these legal proceedings, see Note 19 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. We accrue provisions for legal proceedings in which it is probable that an outflow will be necessary to settle the liability and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. Therefore, we are required to make judgments regarding future events for which we often seek the advice of legal counsel. As a result of the significant judgment required in assessing and estimating these provisions for risks, actual losses realized in future periods could differ significantly from our estimates and could exceed the amounts which we have provisioned. Pension Benefits The present value of the pension obligations depends on a number of factors that are determined on an actuarial basis using a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the net cost (income) for pensions include a discount rate and a mortality table. Any changes in these assumptions will impact the carrying amount of pension obligations. We determine the appropriate discount rates at the end of each year, which is the interest rate that should be used to determine the present value of estimated future cash outflows expected to be required to settle the pension obligations. The discount rate was increased from 6.09% in 2014 to 7.25% in 2015 under Plan G0 and from 6.11% in 2014 to 7.23% in 2015 under Plan G1 in order to follow the increase in the rates applicable to the Brazilian Government NTN – B, long term notes, which term is similar to the duration of the pension benefits, as described in Notes 3.19 (a) and 20 (b) to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 85 Other key assumptions for pension obligations are based in part on current market conditions. Additional information on the pension plans under Plan G0 and G1 is disclosed in Note 20 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Deferred income tax and social contribution We recognize and settle taxes on income based on the results of operations verified according to the Brazilian Corporate Law, taking into consideration the provisions of the tax laws. Pursuant to IAS 12, we recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the accounting balances and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We regularly review the recoverability of deferred tax assets and recognize a provision for impairment if it is probable that these assets will not be realized, based on historic taxable income, the projection of future taxable income and the estimated period to reverse temporary differences. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions. The use of different estimates and assumptions could result in provision for impairment of all or a significant amount of deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we have recognized R$128.2 million and R$209.5 million, respectively, as deferred income tax assets, net of the deferred tax liabilities, as disclosed in Note 18 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Certain Transactions with Controlling Shareholder Reimbursement Due from the State Reimbursement due from the State for pensions paid represent supplementary pensions (Plan G0) that we pay, on behalf of the State, to former employees of State-owned companies which merged to form our Company. These amounts must be reimbursed to us by the State, as primary obligor. In November 2008, we entered into the third amendment to the agreement with the State relating to payments of pension benefits made by us on its behalf. The State acknowledged that it owed us an outstanding balance of R$915.3 million as of September 30, 2008, relating to payments of pension benefits made by us on its behalf. In 2008, we provisionally accepted, but it is not recognized in our books, the reservoirs in the Alto Tietê System as partial payment in the amount of R$696.3 million, subject to the transfer of the property rights of these reservoirs to us which was renegotiated on March 18, 2015, as described below. Since November 2008, the State has been paying the remaining balance in the amount of R$219.0 million in 114 successive monthly installments. See Note 10 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”. On March 18, 2015, we, the State and DAEE, with the intervention of the Department of Sanitation and Water Resources, executed a term of agreement, in the amount of R$1,012.3 million, of which R$696.3 million refers to the principal amount and R$316.0 million refers to the monetary adjustment of the principal through February 2015. For detailed information on this agreement, see “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions—Agreements with the State of São Paulo” and Note 10 (a) (vii) of our 2015 financial statements. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the amounts not recorded related to pension benefits paid by us on behalf of the State totaled R$855.1 million and R$1,479.7 million respectively. As a result, we also recognized the obligation related to pension benefits, maintained with the beneficiaries and pensioners of Plan G0. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the pension benefit obligations of Plan G0 totaled R$2,167.0 million and R$2,053.5 million, respectively. For detailed information on the pension benefit obligations refer to Note 20 of our Financial Statements. Accounts Receivable from the State for Water and Sewage Services Rendered Certain of these accounts receivable have been overdue for a long period. We have entered into agreements with the State with respect to these accounts receivable. For further information on these agreements, see Note 10 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”. 86 Use of Certain Assets Empresa Metropolitana de Águas e Energia S.A. – EMAE plans to receive credit and to obtain financial compensation for the use of water from the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs, which we use in our operations, as well as reimbursement of damages related to non-payment in due course. We understand that no amounts are due for the use of these reservoirs given the grants already made. Should these reservoirs not be available for our use, there could be a need to collect water in more distant locations and a risk of not being able to properly render services in the region and an increase in water supply cost. Several lawsuits were filed by EMAE, among them a lawsuit to enforce an arbitration clause related to the Guarapiranga reservoir, a proceeding which has already begun and another lawsuit, pleading for financial compensation due to our water abstraction from the Billings reservoir for public supply. These two lawsuits allege that this conduct has caused permanent and increasing loss in the capacity of the Henry Borden hydroelectric power plant to generate electricity as well as financial losses. We understand that the expectation for all cases is of possible losses, and for the time being, it is not feasible to estimate the amounts involved, since they were not determined. On April 10, 2014, we issued an Announcement to the Market to communicate that we are negotiating with EMAE regarding a potential future agreement. However, no adjustment has been confirmed, and no agreement has been executed by either party as of yet. Results of Operations The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain items in our statement of operations, each expressed as a percentage of net operating revenues: Year ended December 31, Net operating revenues Cost of sales and services Gross profit Selling expenses Administrative expenses Other operating income (expenses), net and equity results Operating profit Financial income (expenses), net Profit before income tax and social contribution Income tax and social contribution Net income for the year 2015 11,711.6 (8,260.8) 3,450.8 (598.1) 45.0 146.4 3,044.1 (2,456.5) 587.6 (51.3) 536.3 100.0% (70.5)% 29.5% (5.1)% 0.4% 1.3% 26.0% (21.0)% 5.0% (0.4)% 4.6% 2014 (in millions of reais, except percentages) 100.0% 11,213.2 (7,635.6) 3,577.6 (736.6) (924.4) (5.9) 1,910.7 (635.9) 1,274.8 (371.9) 903.0 (68.1)% 31.9% (6.6)% (8.2)% (0.1)% 17.0% (5.7)% 11.4% (3.3)% 8.1% 2013 11,315.6 (6,816.3) 4,499.3 (637.1) (729.1) 5.7 3,138.8 (483.2) 2,655.6 (732.0) 1,923.6 100.0% (60.2)% 39.8% (5.6)% (6.4)% (0.1)% 27.7% (4.3)% 23.5% (6.5)% 17.0% Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2014 Net operating revenues Net operating revenues increased by R$498.4 million, or 4.4%, to R$11,711.6 million in 2015 from R$11,213.2 million in 2014. Net operating revenues relating to water services increased by R$161.8 million, or 3.5%, to R$4,723.0 million in 2015 from R$4,561.2 million in 2014 and net operating revenues relating to sewage services decreased by R$82.1 million, or 2.2%, to R$3,651.9 million in 2015 from R$3,734.0 million in 2014. These variations were principally due to: 87 An increase of 6.5% in the repositioning tariff index since December 2014; An increase of 15.2% in tariffs (7.8% ordinary tariff adjustment and 6.9% extraordinary tariff revision) since June 2015; and Application of the contingency tariff, which contributed R$499.7 million to our revenues in 2015. These increases were partially offset by the discounts (bonuses) granted within the terms of the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program, which amounted to R$ 926.1 million in 2015, compared to the R$ 376.4 million granted in 2014 and a decrease of 6.8% in our total billed volume (8.0% in water and 5.2% in sewage). Gross revenue from construction increased by R$418.7 million, or 14.3%, to R$3,336.7 million in 2015 from R$2,918.0 million in 2014. See Note 3.3(b) to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 for a description of the accounting policies applicable to our construction services business. Cost of Sales and Services The cost of sales and services increased by R$625.2 million, or 8.2%, to R$8,260.8 million in 2015 from R$7,635.6 million in 2014. As a percentage of net operating revenues, cost of sales and services increased to 70.5% in 2015 from 68.1% in 2014. The increase in costs of sales and services was principally due to the following factors: an increase of R$408.3 million in construction costs due to higher investments in 2015; and an increase of R$217.7 million in the cost of the electricity, mainly due to an average increase of 63.1% in the regulated market tariffs and a corresponding 7.9% decrease in electricity consumption, and an average increase of 161.0% in the Tariff for the Use of Distribution System (TUSD) and a corresponding 13.3% decrease in consumption. The increases were partially offset by a 4.1% decrease in free market tariffs and a 1.0% decrease in the free market consumption. The increase in costs of sales and services was partially offset by: a decrease of R$19.2 million in expenses related to supplies, mainly due to decreased use of materials in preventive and corrective maintenance in water and sewage systems, expansion of computerized systems and conservation of properties and installations. Gross Profit As a result of the factors discussed above, gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased by R$126.8 million, or 3.5%, to R$3,450.8 million in 2015 from R$3,577.6 million in 2014. As a percentage of net operating revenues, gross profit decreased to 29.5% in 2015 from 31.9% in 2014. Selling Expenses Selling expenses decreased by R$138.5 million, or 18.8%, to R$598.1 in 2015 from R$736.6 million in 2014. As a percentage of net operating revenues, selling expenses decreased to 5.1% in 2015 from 6.6% in 2014. The decrease in selling expenses was primarily due to a decrease of R$137.2 million in credit write-offs, especially due to the reversal of the provision for losses with the municipality of Guarulhos, as a result of the receipt of court-ordered debt payments in cash. For more information on the reversal of the provision for losses with the municipality of Guarulhos, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Business—We may face difficulties in collecting overdue amounts owed to us by municipalities to which we provide water on a wholesale basis and municipal government entities”. Administrative Expenses 88 Administrative expenses decreased by R$969.4 million, or 104.9%, to a revenue of R$45.0 million in 2015 from an expense of R$924.4 million in 2014. As a percentage of net operating revenues, administrative expenses decreased to 0.4% in 2015 from 8.2% in 2014. The decrease in administrative expenses was principally due to: a decrease of R$ 185.5 million in the provisions for lawsuits, mainly due to court decisions in our favor; and a credit in the amount of R$ 696.3 million as a result of an agreement with the government of the state of São Paulo to receive an undisputed amount owed to us related to the payment of the benefits to former employees. See Note 10 (a) (vii) to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Other Operating Income (Expenses), Net Other operating income was of R$146.4 million in 2015 compared with R$5.9 million operating expenses in 2014, an increase of 2,563.4%. Other operating income is comprised of income from the sale of property, plant and equipment, sale of contracts awarded in public bids, rights to sell electricity, indemnities and reimbursements of expenses, collection of fines and collateral, property leases, sales of reused water, consulting services related to PURA projects and provision of services. Other operating income increased in 2015 mainly due to the sale of properties, in the amount of R$48.4 million, and higher amounts received from the Hydrographic Basin Depollution Program, in the amount of R$41.0 million. Other operating expenses consist mainly of the write-offs of concessions due to obsolescence, discontinued construction works, unproductive wells, economically unfeasible projects, losses on property, plant and equipment and exceeding costs of electricity sold. Other operating expenses decreased in 2015 mainly due to higher provisions for the write-off of construction works, projects and obsolete goods in 2014 totaling R$58.8 million. Financial income (expenses), Net Financial income (expenses), net consists primarily of interest on our indebtedness and foreign exchange losses (or gains) in respect to our indebtedness, offset partially by interest income on cash and cash equivalents and inflation based indexation accruals, mainly relating to agreements entered into with some customers to settle overdue accounts receivable. Financial expenses, net increased by R$1,820.6 million, or 286.3%, to a R$2,456.5 million expense in 2015 from a R$635.9 million expense in 2014. As a percentage of net operating revenues, financial expenses, net increased to 21.0% in 2015 from 5.7% in 2014. The increase in financial expenses, net was principally due to the negative variation of R$1,647.0 million in expenses with exchange rate variation on loans and financing, due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen against the Brazilian Real in 2015 (47.0% and 45.9%, respectively), when compared to 2014 (13.4% and -0.5%, respectively). Profit before income tax and social contribution As a result of the factors discussed above, profit before income tax and social contribution decreased by R$687.2 million, or 53.9%, to R$587.6 million in 2015 from R$1,274.8 million in 2014. As a percentage of net operating revenues, our profit before income tax and social contribution decreased to 5.0% in 2015 from 11.4% in 2014. See reconciliation of the effective tax rate in Note 18 (d) to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Income Tax and Social Contribution 89 Income tax and social contribution decreased by R$320.6 million, or 86.2%, to R$51.3 million in 2015 from R$371.9 million in 2014. This decrease was principally due to a lower taxable income in 2015 and a permanent tax effect related to GESP agreement in the amount of R$151,5 million. Net Income for the year As a result of the factors discussed above, net income decreased to R$536.3 million in 2015 from R$903.0 million in 2014. As a percentage of net operating revenues, our net income decreased to 4.6% in 2015 from 8.1% in 2014. Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2013 Net operating revenues Net operating revenues decreased by R$102.4 million, or 0.9%, to R$11,213.2 million in 2014 from R$11,315.6 million in 2013. Net operating revenues relating to water services decreased by R$344.8 million, or 7.0%, to R$4,561.2 million in 2014 from R$4,906.0 million in 2013 and net operating revenues relating to sewage services decreased by R$230.9 million, or 5.8%, to R$3,734.0 million in 2014 from R$3,964.9 million in 2013. These decreases were principally due to: a decrease of R$376.4 million due to Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program; and an average of 2.2% decrease in both the volume of water and the volume of sewage invoiced in 2014. These decreases were partially offset by the 3.1% tariff adjustment since December 2013. Gross revenue from construction increased by R$473.2 million, or 19.4%, to R$2,918.0 million in 2014 from R$2,444.8 million in 2013. See Note 3.3(b) to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 for a description of the accounting policies applicable to our construction services business. Cost of Sales and Services The cost of sales and services increased by R$819.3 million, or 12.0%, to R$7,635.6 million in 2014 from R$6,816.3 million in 2013. As a percentage of net operating revenues, cost of sales and services increased to 68.1% in 2014 from 60.2% in 2013. The increase in costs of sales and services was principally due to the following factors: an increase of R$133.8 million or 9.5%, in salaries and related charges due to the following factors: (i) an increase of 6.8% in salaries since May 2014 on account of implementation of our career and wage plan, which had an impact of approximately R$75.6 million; (ii) an increase in the provision of retirement benefits, amounting to R$35.3 million, based on the increased number of employees who are entitled to request retirement, in addition to the wage increase in the period; and (iii) the increase in overtime pay, amounting to R$12.4 million, mainly due to a wage adjustment in the period and the increased number of hours worked; an increase of R$116.1 million in depreciation and amortization, mainly due to the increase in operating intangible assets in 2014, arising principally from input of the works in operation; an increase of R$70.4 million or 9.0% in expenses related to services, mainly due to the following factors: (i) expenses totaling R$32.9 million related to the commencement of operations in Diadema in March 2014; (ii) a reversal of provisions in 2013 in the amount of R$18.3 million, resulting from the end of the agreement with the municipality of São Paulo; and (iii) higher expenses with the Corporate Program for Reduction of Water Loss, in the amount of R$19.8 million; 90 an increase of R$45.8 million in the cost of electricity, mainly due to the average increase of 19.8% in free market tariffs and of 9.2% in regulated market tariffs, partially offset by an average decrease of 14.5% in the Tariff for the Use of Distribution System (TUSD), as a consequence of Provisional Presidential Decree 579/12 and Law 12,783/13; an increase of R$20.5 million or 8.5% in expenses related to water-treatment materials, mainly due to increased consumption and substitution of water- treatment products in order to meet increased demand while maintaining the same efficiency levels in water treatment; an increase of R$461.0 million in construction costs due to higher investments in 2014. Gross Profit As a result of the factors discussed above, gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased by R$921.7 million, or 20.5%, from R$3,577.6 million in 2014 to R$4,499.3 in 2013. As a percentage of net operating revenues, gross profit decreased to 31.9% in 2014 from 39.8% in 2013. Selling Expenses Selling expenses increased by R$99.5 million, or 15.6%, to R$736.6 million in 2014 from R$637.1 million in 2013. As a percentage of net operating revenues, selling expenses increased to 6.6% in 2014 from 5.6% in 2013. The increase in selling expenses was principally due to the following factors: an increase of R$43.7 million in expenses for services, mainly due to the reversal of provisions in 2013 in the amount of R$22.6 million, resulting from the end of the agreement with the municipality of São Paulo and higher expenses related to credit recovery services and delivering bills in the amount of R$18.3 million; an increase of R$35.7 million, or 34.4%, in credit write-offs, mainly due to the higher provision of losses with allowance for doubtful accounts with wholesale customers; an increase of R$18.8 million, or 8.4%, in salaries and related charges due to the increase of 6.8% in salaries since May 2014 on account of implementation of our new job and salary plan. Administrative Expenses Administrative expenses increased by R$195.3 million, or 26.8%, to R$924.4 in 2014 from R$729.1 million in 2013. As a percentage of net operating revenues, administrative expenses increased to 8.2% in 2014 from 6.4% in 2013. The increase in administrative expenses was principally due to the following factors: an increase of R$58.7 million in advertising campaigns, mainly due to the intensification of our water conservation campaign; an increase of R$44.9 million, or 24.4% in general expenses, mainly due to the expenses on judicial proceedings in the amount of R$37.1 million; an increase of R$43.5 million or 14.7%, in salaries and related charges due to the increase of 6.8% in salaries since May 2014 associated with the implementation of our new job and salary plan. an increase of R$12.1 million in software maintenance; and an increase of R$7.1 million, in hiring of services due to the commencement of operations in Diadema in March 2014. Other Operating Income (Expenses), Net 91 Other operating expenses were R$5.9 million in 2014 compared with R$5.7 million operating income in 2013, an increase of 204.2%. Other operating expenses showed an increase of R$58.7, mainly due to the following factors: (i) provision for losses of projects amounting to R$21.3 million; (ii) provision for losses for the agreement payments related to the concession for the municipality of Diadema in the amount of R$15.0 million; (iii) write-off of obsolete goods in the amount of R$11.4 million; and (iv) provision for losses of hydrometers in the amount of R$11.4 million. The decrease was partially offset by (i) higher fines applied to suppliers and service providers in the amount of R$25.8 million; and (ii) higher income from the Program for Rational Use of Water (Programa de Uso Racional da Água – PURA) in the amount of R$20.9 million. Financial income (expenses), Net Financial income (expenses), net consists primarily of interest on our indebtedness and foreign exchange losses (or gains) in respect to our indebtedness, offset partially by interest income on cash and cash equivalents and inflation based indexation accruals, mainly relating to agreements entered into with some customers to settle overdue accounts receivable. Financial income (expenses), net increased by R$152.7 million, or 31.6%, to a R$635.9 million expense in 2014 from a R$483.2 million expense in 2013. As a percentage of net operating revenues, financial income (expenses), net increased to 5.7% in 2014 from 4.3% in 2013. The increase in financial income (expenses), net was principally due to: an increase in foreign exchange losses related to loans and financing of R$77.9 million as a result of the new funding in the amount of R$458.7 million; an increase of R$55.2 million in other financial expenses, mainly due to interest expenses totaling R$47.9 million related to the commencement of operations of two sewage treatment plants financed through leases; an increase of R$42.8 million in other monetary variations mainly related to inflation adjustments for legal expenses in the amount of R$38.0 million; and an increase of R$25.6 million in monetary variations on local loans and financing, mainly due to higher IPCA and TR variations in 2014 of 6.4% and 0.9%, respectively, as compared to 2013 variations of 5.9% and 0.2%, respectively. The increase in financial income (expenses), net was partially offset by: an increase of R$29.9 million, or 9.9% in financial investments indexed to CDI, held in the period, as a result of the increase in the Interbank Deposit Certificate (CDI) in 2014 (10.8%), when compared to 2013 (8.2%); and a decrease of R$21.8 million in interest expenses on local loans and financing, mainly due to the higher interest capitalization occurred in 2014 when compared to 2013. Profit before income tax and social contribution As a result of the factors discussed above, profit before income tax and social contribution decreased by 52.0%, to R$1,274.8 million in 2014 from R$2,655.6 million in 2013. As a percentage of net operating revenues, our profit before income tax and social contribution decreased to 11.4% in 2014 from 23.5% in 2013. Income Tax and Social Contribution Income tax and social contribution decreased by R$360.1 million, or 49.2%, to R$371.9 million in 2014 from R$732.0 million in 2013. This decrease was principally due to a lower taxable income in 2014. The 2014 effective tax rate of 29%, compared to 28% in 2013, is lower than the 34% standard tax rate because we recorded interest on shareholder’s equity as a deductible expense, as is permitted by tax law. 92 Net Income for the year As a result of the factors discussed above, net income decreased to R$903.0 million in 2014 from R$1,923.6 million in 2013. As a percentage of net operating revenues, our net income decreased to 8.1% in 2014 from 17.0% in 2013. B. Liquidity and Capital Resources Capital Sources In order to satisfy our liquidity and capital requirements, we have primarily relied on cash provided by operating activities, long-term borrowings from Brazilian federal governmental financial institutions, and long-term financing from multilateral organizations and from domestic and international development banks, and also from capital markets. As of December 31, 2015, we had R$1,639.2 million of cash and cash equivalents. The outstanding current portion of our long-term indebtedness was R$1,526.3 million as of December 31, 2015, of which R$901.2 million was denominated in foreign currency. Long-term indebtedness was R$11,595.3 million as of December 31, 2015, of which R$5,716.6 million consisted of foreign currency-denominated obligations. As a result of the financial impacts of the current water shortage to date, we have taken steps to minimize its negative effects, including amongst actions rearranging investments, reducing budget expenses, negotiating overdue credits (mainly with the State and municipalities served on a wholesale basis), implementing contingency tariffs, and requesting extraordinary tariff revision. For more information, see Note 1 of our 2015 financial statements. Our management expects that the cash and cash equivalents available on December 31, 2015, the operating cash generation estimated for 2016 and the lines of credit available for investments are sufficient to meet its short-term liabilities and will not compromise the actions necessary to overcome the water shortage and preserve our consumers’ water supply. Cash Flow Cash Provided by Operating Activities Cash provided by operating activities is the single largest source of our liquidity and capital resources, and we expect that it will continue to be so in the future. Our cash generated by operating activities was R$2,641.4 million, R$2,480.3 million and R$2,777.2 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The main driver of our cash flow from operating activities relates to our revenue, which is due to the nature of our business and to the fact that we are expanding our infrastructure. The increase in cash generated in 2015 is due principally to a lower taxable income in 2015. Cash Used in Investing Activities Our cash used by investing activities was R$2,459.5 million, R$2,757.7 million and R$2,281.5 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The main driver of our cash flow from investing activities relates to the need to adjust the amount we invested in 2015, principally due to the water crisis and its impacts on our revenues. Despite the adverse scenario faced as a result of the water crisis, we invested in the São Lourenço PPP, a construction project planned and initiated before the water crisis, approximately R$700 million (including capitalized interest) that did not impact our cash flow in 2015. Cash Provided and Used in Financing Activities Our cash used in financing activities was R$265.7 million in 2015, our cash provided in financing activities was R$218.5 million in 2014, and our cash used in financing activities was R$629.7 million in 2013. The main driver of our cash flow from financing activities relates to the proceeds and repayments of loans used to finance purchases of intangible assets related to our concession and program contracts, in order to support the expansion of our services and our payment of interest on shareholders’ equity. 93 Indebtedness Financing Our total financial indebtedness increased by 21.7%, from R$10,785.8 million as of December 31, 2014 to R$13,121.6 million as of December 31, 2015. In addition, during the same period, our total foreign denominated indebtedness recorded increased by 31.5%, from R$4,346.3 million as of December 31, 2014 to R$6,617.8 million as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, we had R$11,595.3 million in long-term indebtedness outstanding (excluding the current portion of long-term indebtedness), of which R$5,716.6 million consisted of foreign currency-denominated long-term debt. We had an outstanding current portion of long-term indebtedness of R$1,526.3 million as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, R$901.2 million of this current portion of long-term indebtedness was denominated in foreign currency. As of December 23, 2015, our Standard & Poor’s Rating Service domestic rating was brA+ and our S&P international rating was BB. Since July 2013 we also started to be covered by Moody’s America Latina Ltda, by whom our national rating was Aa2.br and our global rating was Ba2, as of August 28, 2015. Various contractual agreements we have entered into, including certain financing agreements with Caixa Econômica Federal and BNDES, provide for liens over a portion of our cash flows from the payment of water and sewage provision tariffs. In addition, we provide as guarantees a portion of our cash flow generation to transactions related to PPPs. Under these agreements, cash received from operations is required to pass through designated accounts. In the event of a default under the relevant agreement, such cash and future cash flows that are required to be deposited in such accounts become restricted and are subject to security interests in favor of the relevant creditor. As of December 31, 2015, a substantial portion of our monthly cash flows from operations was subject to these liens. As of that date, the total amount of our secured debt, including indebtedness benefiting from these liens, was R$4,190.3 million. See “—Indebtedness Financing—Financial Covenants—Local currency denominated indebtedness” and Note 16 to our financial statements. The following table sets forth information on our indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2015: Current Noncurrent Total Final Maturity* December 31, 2015 Denominated in local currency: 10th issue debentures 12th issue debentures 14th issue debentures 15th issue debentures 17th issue debentures 18th issue debentures 19th issue debentures 20th issue debentures Caixa Econômica Federal National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) Coastal region National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) PAC National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) PAC II 9751 National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) PAC II 9752 National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) Onda Limpa National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) Tietê III Financial leasing Other Interest and others charges Total denominated in local currency 39,619 45,450 38,519 94,819 140,144 3,167 - - 49,491 16,368 10,329 4,264 2,308 22,347 17,725 11,955 649 127,862 625,016 155,815 385,667 210,961 728,529 997,259 247,683 498,587 195,434 431,117 249,480 823,348 1,137,403 250,850 2020 TJLP + 1.92% (1st & 3rd series) & IPCA + 9.53% (2nd series) 2025 TR + 9.5% 2022 TJLP + 1.92% (1st & 3rd series) & IPCA + 9.19% (2nd series) 2019 CDI + 0.99% (1st series) & IPCA + 6.2% (2nd series) 2023 CDI + 0.75% (1st series) & IPCA + 4.5% (2nd series) & IPCA + 4.75% (3rd series) 2024 TJLP + 1.92% (1st and 3rd series) & IPCA + 8.25% (2nd series) 498,587 2017 CDI + 0.80% to 1.08% 494,500 1,014,850 494,500 1,064,341 2019 CDI + 3.80% 2015/2037 TR + 5% to 9.5% 49,104 66,984 31,206 23,660 184,082 265,663 522,940 1,270 - 65,472 2019 2.5% + TJLP 77,313 2023 2.15% + TJLP 35,470 2027 1.72% + TJLP 25,968 2027 1.72% + TJLP 206,429 2025 1.92% + TJLP 2028 1.66% + TJLP 2035 7.73% to 10.12% + IPC 2015/2018 TJLP + 2% (Fehidro) & TR + 12.00% (Presidente Prudente) 283,388 534,895 1,919 127,862 5,878,760 6,503,776 94 Denominated in foreign currency: Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) US$560,826,000 (2014 - US$541,097,000) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) US$61,158,000 (2014 – US$45,860,000) Eurobonds - US$ 140,000,000 (2014 - US$ 140,000,000) Eurobonds - US$ 350,000,000 (2014 – US$ 350,000,000) JICA 15 - ¥ 16,134,020,000 (2014 - ¥ 17,286,450,000) JICA 18 - ¥ 14,506,240,000 (2014- ¥ 15,542,400,000) JICA 17 - ¥ 1,565,564,000 (2014 - ¥ 1,029,992,000) JICA 19 - ¥ 21,701,103,000 (2014 - ¥ 14,208,068,000) IADB 1983AB - US$ 130,289,000 (2014 - US$ 154,231,000) Interest and others charges 148,983 - 546,570 - 37,373 33,603 - - 93,490 41,227 2,031,386 238,464 2,180,369 2016 to 2035 1.52% to 3.35% 238,464 2034 0.69% - 546,570 2016 7.50% 1,362,570 1,362,570 2020 6.25% 485,853 436,548 50,201 701,978 409,578 - 523,226 2029 1.8% & 2.5% 470,151 2029 1.8% & 2.5% 50,201 2035 1.2% & 0.01% 701,978 2037 1.7% & 0.01% 503,068 2023 Libor + 1.88% to 2.38% 41,227 6,617,824 13,121,600 Total denominated in foreign currency Total loans and financing 901,246 1,526,262 5,716,578 11,595,338 * TR was 0.2250% per month as of December 31, 2015; CDI stands for Interbank Deposit Rate (Certificado de Depósitos Interbancários), which was 14.14% per annum as of December 31, 2015; IGP-M was 10.54% per annum as of December 31, 2015; TJLP stands for Long-term Interest Rate (Taxa de Juros a Longo Prazo), published quarterly by the Central Bank, which was 7.0% per annum as of December 31, 2015. The following table shows the maturity profile of our debt, as of December 31, 2015, for the period indicated: Loans and financing 1,526.3 1,435.0 1,315.8 2016 2017 2018 2019 (in millions of reais) 1,435.9 2020 After 2021 Total 2,226.9 5,181.7 13,121.6 Referring to all of our foreign currency-denominated indebtedness, the amount of R$4,831.1 million, net of transaction costs, as of December 31, 2015 was denominated in U.S. dollars and R$1,745.6 million was denominated in japanese yen. This indebtedness consisted principally of: R$2,180.4 million (US$560.8 million) in U.S. dollar denominated loans contracted with the Inter-American Development Bank, or the IADB, composed of the following: (i) two loans to finance the first phase of the Tietê Project in 1992 and one loan to finance the second phase in 2000, under which payments of principal are made in semiannual installments with final maturity in December 2016, December 2017 and July 2025. The principal amount of this loan is adjusted semiannually for the variation of the U.S. dollar, and accrues interest at a rate varying from 1.14% to 3.00% plus LIBOR; (ii) credit agreement executed in September 2010 with the IADB for the financing of the third phase of the Tietê Project. This loan matures on September 3, 2035. Amortizations will be made in semiannual installments starting in March 2017 after a grace period of six years. The principal amount accrues interest at USD LIBOR; 95 R$238.5 million (US$61.2 million) in U.S. dollar denominated loans contracted with the IBRD which was entered into on October 28, 2009, amounting to US$100.0 million, for the financing of the Water Source Program (Programa Mananciais). The loan matures in March 2034. Amortizations will be made in semiannual installments starting in September 2019 after a grace period of ten years. The principal amount accrues interest at the USD LIBOR plus a variable spread; R$503.1 million (US$130.3 million) in U.S. dollar denominated loans from the AB Loan financing contracted with the IADB in May 2008. Under this loan, payments of principal are made in annual installments with final maturity in May 2023. The principal amount is adjusted semiannually for the LIBOR plus spread and accrues interest at a rate varying from 1.88% to 2.38%. The proceeds were used to repay an outstanding series of debt securities in connection with the implementation of our investment plan; R$1,909.1 million (US$490.0 million) in U.S. dollar denominated Eurobonds issued in November 2006 (US$140.0 million with an interest rate of 7.5%) and in December 2010 (US$350.0 million with an interest rate of 6.25%). Under these bonds, the payments of interest are made in semi-annual installments and principal will be paid at the final maturity in 2016 and 2020, respectively. The proceeds from the offering were used to repay financial commitments throughout 2007 and 2011; and R$1,745.6 million (¥53,906.9 million) in Japanese yen denominated loans contracted with the JICA, composed of the following: (i) ¥21,320.0 million denominated loans contracted in August 2004 for the financing of the environmental recovery program for the Baixada Santista metropolitan region, called the Clean Wave Program (Programa Onda Limpa). Under these loans, the payments of principal are made in semi-annual installments with final maturity in August 2029. The principal amount accrues interest at rates that vary from 1.8% to 2.5% per year; (ii) ¥6,208 million in denominated loans contracted in October 2010 for the financing of the environmental improvement program in the basin of the Billings dam. The loan matures in October 2035. Amortizations will be made in semiannual installments after a grace period of seven years, starting in October 2017. The principal amount accrues interest at a rate that varies from 0.01% to 1.2% per year; (iii) ¥19,169.0 million denominated loans contracted in February 2011 to complement the financing for the first stage of the Clean Wave Program (Programa Onda Limpa), with commercial conditions similar to the loan entered into in August 2004. These funds were used for the provision of works and services in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region. The credit agreement expires in 18 years and interest varies from 1.8% to 2.5% per year; and (iv) ¥33,584 million denominated loan in February 2012 for the financing of the Corporate Program for Water Loss Reduction (Programa Corporativo para Redução de Perdas). The loan matures in February 2037. Amortizations will be made in semiannual installments after a grace period of seven years, starting in February 2019. The principal amount accrues interest at rates that vary from 0.01% to 1.7% per year. Our borrowings from multilateral institutions and with Government Agency, such as the IADB, IBRD and JICA are guaranteed by the federal government, and have a counter-guarantee from the state of São Paulo. For further information on the terms of these loan agreements, see “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions—Government Guarantees of Financing”. Our outstanding domestic debt was R$6,503.8 million as of December 31, 2015 and consisted primarily of real-denominated loans from federal and state-owned banks, in particular, Caixa Econômica Federal and BNDES, as well as debentures issued in November 2009, June 2010, February 2011, February 2012, January 2013, October 2013, December 2013, December 2014 and July 2015, and financial leasing. 96 The following summarizes our principal borrowings from federal and State-owned banks: from 2003 to 2014, we have entered into several financing agreements with Caixa Econômica Federal, pursuant to which amortizations of principal are paid in up to in 60, 120, 180 or 240 months in monthly installments commencing 30 days following the applicable grace period, which varies from 14 to 48 months from the date of signature of the line of credit agreement. The final maturity is 2038. The principal amount accrues interest from 5.0% to 9.5%. The financing agreements are collateralized (i) by collections of daily billings of water supply and sewage services up to the total amount of the debt, or (ii) by a monthly plan of billings corresponding to the minimum of three times the monthly charge, depending on the terms of the relevant financing agreement. In September 2015, we settled our financing contracts celebrated between 1996 and 1998. in November 2007, we entered into a R$129.9 million financing agreement with BNDES. Amortizations of the principal amount are being made in 96 successive monthly installments, with final maturity in 2019. The principal amount accrues interest at the TJLP, but limited to 6.0% per year, plus 2.50% per year. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. The financing agreement is collateralized by part of the billings from the provision of water and sewage services; in May 2008, we entered into a R$174.0 million financing agreement with BNDES. Amortizations of the principal amount are being made in 150 successive monthly installments, with final maturity in 2023. The principal amount accrues interest at the TJLP, but limited to 6.0% per year, plus 2.15% per year. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. The financing agreement is collateralized by part of the billings from the provision of water and sewage services; in March 2010, we entered into a R$294.3 million financing agreement with BNDES. Amortizations of the principal amount are being made in 156 successive monthly installments, with final maturity in 2025. The principal amount accrues interest at the TJLP, but limited to 6.0% per year, plus 1.92% per year. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. The financing agreement is collateralized by part of the billings from the provision of water and sewage services; in 2011, we entered into financial leases in the total amount of R$49.6 million with certain contractors for the construction of infrastructure on land we own. During the construction phase, we recognize an intangible assets and the related liability of the lease at fair value. Upon the conclusion of the construction, we began paying the rental of the infrastructure (in 240 installments) and the lease was updated accordingly to the contract. On August 31, 2013, SES Campo Limpo Paulista and Várzea Paulista started operations, and the corresponding amount as of December 31, 2014 was of R$138,602 million; in March 2012, we entered into a R$180.8 million financing agreement with BNDES. Amortization of the principal amount is being made in up to 156 successive monthly installments, with the final maturity in 2027. The principal amount accrues interest at the TJLP but it is limited to 6.0% per year plus a yearly 1.72%. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. This financing agreement is collateralized with a portion of the revenues from the provision of water and sewage services; in February 2013, we entered into a R$1.3 billion financing agreement with BNDES. Amortization of the principal amount shall be paid in up to 144 successive monthly installments after the grace period of 36 months, with the final maturity in 2028. The principal amount accrues interest at the TJLP but is limited to 6.0% per year plus a yearly 1.66%. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. This financing agreement is collateralized with a portion of the revenues from the provision of water and sewage services; 97 in December 2013, we entered into a R$415.8 million financing agreement with BNDES. Due to the water crisis, the investment plan was revised and in January 2016 this financing agreement was cancelled. in June 2014, we entered into a R$61.1 million financing agreement with BNDES. Amortization of the principal amount shall be paid in up to 108 successive monthly installments after the grace period of 36 months, with the final maturity in 2026. The principal amount accrues interest at the TJLP but is limited to 6.0% per year plus a yearly 1.76%. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. This financing agreement is collateralized with a portion of the revenues from the provision of water and sewage services; in June 2015, we entered into a R$ 747.4 million financing agreement with BNDES. Amortization of the principal amount shall be paid in up to 204 successive monthly installments after the grace period of 36 months, with the final maturity in 2035. The principal amount accrues interest at the TJLP but is limited to 6.0% per year plus a yearly 2.18%. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. This financing agreement is collateralized with a portion of the revenues from the provision of water and sewage services; and in October 2015, we entered into a R$48.3 million financing agreement with FINEP – Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos. Amortizations of the principal amount shall be paid in up in 91 successive monthly installments after the grace period of 30 months, with the final maturity in 2025. The principal amount accrues interest at the TJLP but it limited to 6.0% per year plus a yearly 1.5%. If TJLP exceeds 6% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. This financing agreement is collateralized with a portion of the revenues from the provision of water and sewage services. Under BNDES program, in the amount of R$826.1 million, we issued three tranches of debentures. In November 2009, we issued our tenth tranche of debentures in the aggregate principal amount of R$275.4 million. The debentures are divided in three series: the first and third series will mature in November 2020 and the second in December 2020. The debentures of the first and third series, in the aggregate principal amount of R$77.1 million and R$115.7 million, respectively, bear interest at 1.92% per year, plus the TJLP. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. The debentures of the second series, in the aggregate principal amount of R$82.6 million, bear interest at the rate of the IPCA index plus 9.53% per year. This issuance was entirely subscribed by BNDES. In February 2011, we issued our fourteenth tranche of debentures, the second tranche out of those three, also subscribed exclusively by BNDES. These debentures are divided in three series: the first and third series will mature in February 2022 and the second, in March 2022. The debentures of the first and third series, in the aggregate principal amount of R$77.1 million and R$115.7 million, respectively, bear interest at 1.92% per year, plus the TJLP. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. The debentures of the second series, in the aggregate principal amount of R$82.6 million, bear interest at the rate of the IPCA index plus 9.20% per year. In October 2013, we concluded our eighteenth issuance of debentures, the third tranche out of those three also subscribed exclusively by BNDES. These debentures are divided in three series: the first and third series will mature in October 2024 and the second, in November 2024. The debentures of the first and third series, in the aggregate principal amount of R$77.1 million and R$115.7 million, respectively, bear interest at 1.92% per year, plus the TJLP. If the TJLP exceeds 6.0% per year, such excess will be added to the principal amount. The debentures of the second series, in the aggregate principal amount of R$82.6 million, bear interest at the rate of the IPCA index plus 8.26% per year. In December 2013, BNDES subscribed to the debentures of the first and second series. In December 2014 and July 2015, BNDES subscribed in part to the debentures of the third series and will subscribe to the other debentures of the third series in 2016. We have used the funds raised from the three issuances for investments primarily in the Corporate Program for Water Loss Reduction and on improvements and reforms of the Rio Grande’s water treatment plant, including other projects for water supply and sewage collection systems in the São Paulo Northern Coast, Paraíba Valley and Mantiqueira Regions. Additionally, in June 2010, we issued 500,000 debentures to the FGTS, based on the FGTS’s program to finance companies in the sanitation, transport and real estate businesses (our twelfth issuance). The debentures bear interest based on the TR plus 9.5% per year and will mature in June 2025. The debentures bear a grace period of four years in respect of payments. We used the proceeds from the twelfth issuance to fund a portion of our capital expenditure program in the water supply and sewage system. 98 In February 2012, we issued our fifteenth issuance of debentures in two series in the aggregate principal amount of R$771.0. The first and second series will mature in February 2017 and 2019, respectively. The debentures of the first series (in the aggregate principal amount of R$287.3 million) bear interest at a rate of CDI plus 0.99% per year. The second series (in the aggregate principal amount R$483.7 million) bears interest at a rate of IPCA plus 6.2% per year. The net proceeds were used to repay financial commitments throughout 2012, including the early redemption of our thirteenth debentures issuance. In November 2012, we carried out our sixteenth debentures issuance of R$500 million, with a maturity date of November 2015 and bearing interest, each quarter with an interest rate of between 0.30% and 0.7% per year plus the CDI rate. The proceeds of this issuance were used to pay our financial commitments for 2012 and 2013. In January 2013, we carried out our seventeenth debentures issuance of R$1.0 billion in three series, the first for R$424.7 million with maturity date of January 2018 and with an interest rate of 0.75% per year plus the CDI rate, the second for R$395.2 million with a maturity of January 2020 and with the interest rate of 4.50% per year plus IPCA variation and the third for R$180.1 million with a maturity date of January 2023 and with an interest rate of 4.75% per year plus IPCA variation. The proceeds of this issuance were used to pay our financial commitments for 2013. In June 2014, we carried out our nineteenth debentures issuance of R$500 million, with a maturity date of June 2017 and bearing interest, each semester with an interest rate of between 0.80% and 1.08% per year plus the CDI rate. The proceeds of this issuance were used to pay our financial commitments for 2014 and 2015. In December 2015, we carried out our twentieth debenture issuance of R$500 million, with a maturity date of December 2019 and bearing interest, each semester with an interest rate of 3.80% per year plus the CDI rate. The proceeds of this issuance shall be used to strengthen our cash position and refinance financial commitments which mature in the first trimester of 2016. Part of our real-denominated indebtedness is indexed to take into account the effects of inflation. This debt provides for inflation-based increases to the principal amount, determined by reference to the IPCA. Financial Covenants We are subject to financial covenants under the agreements evidencing or governing our outstanding indebtedness. Foreign currency denominated indebtedness With respect to our indebtedness denominated in U.S. dollars, including our borrowings from the IADB, we are subject to financial covenants, including limitations on our ability to incur debt. For example: The financial covenants in our Loans Nos. 713, 896 and 1212 from the IADB require as follows: (a) our tariff revenues must be sufficient to cover the operational expenses of our system, including administrative, operating and maintenance expenses, and depreciation; (b) our tariff revenues must provide a return on the balance sheet value of our property, plant, and equipment of not less than 7%; and (c) during project execution, the balance of our short-term borrowings must not exceed 8.5% of our total equity. The financial covenants in our AB Loan Agreements with the IADB (No. 1983AB) require as follows: (a) our debt service coverage ratio must be greater than or equal to 2.35:1.00; and (b) our ratio of Net Debt (defined as all borrowed money, including debentures and Eurobonds, less interest and financial charges that have been provisioned for the current period) to Adjusted EBITDA (defined as our net income before net financial expenses, income tax and social contribution tax, depreciation and amortization, non-operating income or expenses, and extraordinary items net of income tax and social contribution, as set forth in our consolidated financial statements), each determined on a consolidated basis, must be less than 3.65:1.00. In a Letter Agreement executed on September 30, 2015, the IADB irrevocably agreed not to exercise its right to accelerate its loans to us if our ratio of Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA is equal to or exceeds 3.65:1.00 for one fiscal quarter only during the period from September 30, 2015 to October 1, 2016. As a result, the IADB will only be able to accelerate its loans to us if we breach this ratio for more than one quarter during that period. For further information, see Note 16 to our financial statements. 99 The indentures relating to our US$ 140.0 million 7.5% notes due 2016 and US$ 350.0 million 6.25% notes due 2020 prohibit, subject to some exceptions, the incurrence of additional debt in the event that: (i) the ratio of Adjusted Total Debt to adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the related indentures) is greater than 3.65:1.00: or (ii) the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the related indentures) is less than 2.35:1.00. This agreement has a cross-default clause, i.e. the early maturity of any debt in connection with our loans or the loans of any of our subsidiaries in a total principal amount of US$25.0 million or more (or the corresponding amount in other currencies) shall imply this agreement’s early maturity. See Note 16 to our financial statements. In addition, any significant devaluation of the real will affect the total debt portion denominated in foreign currencies when measure in reais. As a result, the Adjusted Total or Net Debt in reais will be affected, with consequent impacts in the ratio between Adjusted Total or Net Debt to adjusted EBITDA. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had met all the requirements set forth by these loans and financing agreements. Local currency denominated indebtedness With respect to our outstanding indebtedness denominated in reais, we are subject to financial covenants. The covenants clauses apply to all of SABESP’s indebtedness with BNDES, including the 10th, 14th, and 18th issuances of debentures held by BNDES, which totaled R$1,312.5 million as of December 31, 2015. The only financing agreement which is exempt from the renegotiated financial is contract No. 08.2.0169. See Note 16 (a) (ii) to our financial statements. In summary, the BNDES financings specify two bands for the ratios of Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses, and Other Onerous Debt / Adjusted EBITDA. The financings also specify a collateral mechanism by which we assign a portion of its tariff payment receivables to BNDES in order to provide a partial guarantee of the amounts due under the financings. Under this mechanism, each month we must ensure that a portion of the tariff payments which we receive are deposited on a daily basis into a blocked collateral account, before being released to a regular movements account later in the day provided that BNDES has not notified the bank that we are in default. If the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses is equal to or higher than 3.50, the ratio of Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 3.00, and the Other Onerous Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 1.00, the amount that must pass through this blocked collateral account is R$170.2 million per month. If one of the three aforementioned ratios are not met in any two or more quarters, consecutive or not, within a twelve-month period, yet remain within the following band of ratios: Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses lower than 3.50 but equal to or higher than 2.80, Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 3.80 but higher than 3.00, and Other Onerous Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 1.30 but higher than 1.00, the amount that must pass through the blocked collateral account is automatically increased by 20%, to R$204.3 million per month. The current covenant clauses are: A. Maintenance of the following ratios, calculated quarterly and relative to amounts accumulated over the last 12 months at the time of disclosure of reviewed quarterly financial statements or audited annual financial statements: Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses equal to or higher than 3.50; Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 3.00; and Other Onerous Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 1.00 (where “Other Onerous Debt” is equal to the sum of (i) social security liabilities and health care plans, (ii) installment payments of tax debt and (iii) installment payments of debt with electricity providers). 100 B. If any one of the ratios specified in A. above are not met in any two or more quarters, consecutive or not, within a twelve-month period, we shall be deemed to be in non-compliance with the first band ratios and must, as a result, automatically increase the amount passing through the blocked collateral account by 20%, to R$204.3 million per month, provided that the following second band ratios are met: Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses lower than 3.50 but equal to or higher than 2.80; Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 3.80 but higher than 3.00; and Other Onerous Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 1.30 but higher than 1.00. C. If any one of the second band ratios specified in B. above are not met for any one quarter, or if we are required to but fails to ensure that the increased monthly amount specified in B. above passes through the blocked collateral account, then we shall be deemed to be in non-compliance with its ratio covenants, in which case BNDES may at its discretion: require us to provide additional financial guarantees within a deadline specified by BNDES, which may not be less than 30 days; suspend the release of funds; and/or declare the financings to be immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2015, the amount that must pass through the blocked collateral account is R$204.3 million per month, not including the financial guarantees for financing contract No. 08.2.0169.1. The financial covenants applicable to financing contract No. 08.2.0169.1 are the following: Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Net Operational Revenue equal to or higher than 38%; Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses equal to or higher than 2.35; and Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 3.20. BNDES will annually verify the maintenance of the aforementioned ratios for contract 08.2.0169.1 by reviewing our audited annual financial statements, which must be presented to BNDES or published by April 30 of the following year to which the financial statements refer. If we maintain all of the financial covenants for contract 08.2.0169.1, BNDES shall reduce the interest charged in such financing contract from 2.15% to 1.82% per annum. If the financial covenants are maintained, the interest rate is reduced as of June 16 of the same year in which the financial covenants were verified until June 15 of the subsequent year. The financing agreement established with BNDES in March 2010 is subject to a cross-default clause. For example, the early maturity of any of our debts, the financial contracts and/or amounts of which may compromise the obligations stipulated in the indenture shall cause the early maturity of such agreement. In addition, all of our financing agreements with Caixa Econômica Federal and our financing agreements with BNDES established in November 2007, May 2008 and March 2012 are subject to a Performance Improvement Agreement (Acordo de Melhoria de Desempenho). The Performance Improvement Agreement, dated May 28, 2007, as amended in August 2012, was entered into between us and the federal government, and Caixa Econômica Federal and BNDES as intervening parties. Pursuant to this agreement, we were required to comply with at least four of eight financial and operating ratios stipulated for the period 2012 to 2016. If we fail to comply with any of the ratios required by Caixa Econômica Federal and BNDES, either may suspend our credit lines and we will be prevented from entering into any other financing agreements with those entities. We have the ability, however, to renegotiate the ratios if needed. On March 14, 2013, the Ministry of Cities revoked Normative Instruction 05 of 2008, which regulated the Agreement on Performance Improvement (Acordo de Melhoria de Desempenho), or API. According to the Instruction, the APIs executed by March 14, 2013 will remain valid until their respective expiration dates, and it is not necessary to execute or reschedule APIs for new contracts. 101 Our financing agreements with Caixa Econômica Federal do not contain material financial covenants. The agreement with Caixa Econômica Federal has a cross- default clause. See Note 16 to our financial statements. With respect to our outstanding debentures, the twelfth debenture issuance requires us to maintain an adjusted current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities, excluding from current liabilities the current portion of noncurrent debts incurred by us that is recorded in current liabilities) higher than 1.0:1.0 and an EBITDA/financial expenses ratio equal to or higher than 1.5:1.0. The twelfth debenture issuance has an accelerated maturity clause, which is triggered if our credit ratings are downgraded two levels below the “brAA-” Brazil National Scale rating assigned to our debentures by the credit rating agency Standard & Poor’s at the time of their issuance. On May 11, 2016, our credit rating and the one assigned to the twelfth debenture issuance by Standard and Poor’s were both “brA+”. This issuance also has a cross-default clause. See Note 16 to our financial statements. The tenth, fourteenth and eighteenth issuances follow the covenants set forth with BNDES, as described above, and contain a cross-default clauses. See Note 16 to our financial statements. The fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, nineteenth and twentieth issuances require us to maintain an EBITDA/paid financial expenses ratio equal to or higher than 1.5:1.0 and an adjusted total debt/EBITDA ratio equal to or lower than 3.65:1.0. These issuances have a cross-default clause. See Note 16 to our financial statements. The table below shows the more restrictive covenants ratios and our financial covenants ratios as of December 31, 2015. Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted financial expenses Adjusted net debt / Adjusted EBITDA Net debt / Adjusted EBITDA Other onerous debt1/ Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted current ratio EBITDA/Paid financial expenses Restrictive Ratios Equal to or higher than 2.80:1.00 Equal to or lower than 3.80:1.00 Equal to or lower than 3.65:1.00 Equal to or lower than 1.30:1.00 Higher than 1.0 Equal to or higher than 2.35:1.00 Ratio as of December 31, 2015 4.71 2.84:1.00 3.26:1.00 0.70 1.45:1.00 5.59:1.00 (1) “Other Onerous Debts” correspond to the sum of social security liabilities, health care plan, installment payment of tax debts and installment payment of debts with the electricity supplier. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had met all the requirements set forth by these loans and financing agreements. Capital Requirements We have, and expect to continue having, substantial liquidity and capital resource requirements. These requirements include debt-service obligations, capital expenditures to maintain, improve and expand our water and sewage systems, and dividend payments and other distributions to our shareholders, including the State. Capital Expenditures Historically, we have funded and plan to continue funding our capital expenditures with funds generated by operations and with long-term financing from international and national multilateral agencies and development banks. We generally include in our capital expenditure program for the following year the amount of investment that was not realized in the previous year. In 2015, we recorded R$3.5 billion to improve and expand our water and sewage system and to protect our water source in order to meet the growing demand for water and sewage services in the state of São Paulo. We have budgeted investments in the amount of approximately R$12.5 billion from 2016 through 2020. See “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company – Capital Expenditure Program”. Dividend Distributions We are required by our bylaws to make dividend distributions, which can be made as payments of interest on shareholders’ equity to our shareholders in an amount equal to or higher than 25% of the amounts available for distribution. We declared dividends of R$149.9 million, R$252.3 million and R$537.5 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. See “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions – Dividends”. 102 C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc. Our policy is to invest continually in the modernization of equipment and identify and evaluate the technology needed to improve our provision of basic sanitation services while promoting environmental protection and maintaining our competitiveness and profitability. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, we invested R$14.7 million, R$10.7 million and R$6.4 million, respectively, in research and development. With respect to our partnership with FAPESP to develop and support research projects involving researchers from graduate schools, the State of São Paulo and our employees, the projects are equally financed by us and FAPESP. Under this partnership, two phases of projects were carried out. In the first phase, 10 projects have been approved and 9 of them have been executed and concluded. They are related to: (i) the development of technology related to the use of membrane filtration in water and sewage treatment, (ii) alternatives for the treatment, use and disposal of sludge from water and sewage treatment plants, (iii) new technologies for the implementation, operation and maintenance of water distribution and sewage collection systems, (iv) new technologies for improvements in unitary operations processes, (v) monitoring water quality; (vi) energy efficiency and (vii) the sanitary economy. The 9 projects concluded in the first round have led to several patents and software registrations, including: “Use of Autonomous Microlaboratories to Monitor Phosphorus in Real Time” – This project consists of the development of a microlaboratory to detect phosphorus in water bodies using a more efficient method than traditional processes; “Intensive Monitoring of São Paulo Metropolitan Region Reservoirs, with emphasis on cyanobacteria and its correlation with physical and chemical parameters: the Billings case” – One of the results of this project was the development of a forecasting model to determine the concentration of cyanobacteria in water sources; “Specialized System for the Detection and Diagnosis of Leaks in Urban Water Lines” – This project represents the first phase of the development of a water leakage detection system with less dependence on manual detection by the field operators. The acoustic signals derived from the leak are recorded on a portable GPS device that generates a database to be posteriorly correlated and analyzed; and “Development and Application of a Continuous Monitoring System of Flocs for Flocculation/Coagulation and Filtration Optimization” – This project resulted in the construction of a prototype for online detection of the water flocculation index, optimizing the quantity of chemicals used in a water treatment station. Some of the research institutions with whom we have partnered on the abovementioned projects are the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP), the Aeronautic Technical Institute (Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica - ITA), São Paulo State University (Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP), Federal University of São Paulo – UNIFESP, and the National Institute of Spacial Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – INPE). In May 2013, we launched the second phase of our agreement with FAPESP. In this second phase, the seven lines of research were defined in greater detail in order to precisely contemplate our needs. In this phase, 37 proposals were submitted, 10 proposals were approved according to the technical-scientific criteria and 8 of them had their agreements signed in 2015, as follows: Development of a National Correlated Signal Optimized for Locating and Detecting Leaks in Underground SABESP Water Pipes - UNESP; Development of an Aerobic Granular Sludge for Simultaneous Removal of Organic Matter, Nitrogen and Phosphorous from Sanitary Sewage – USP; 103 Sewage Sludge Composting: Evaluation of the Process, Generated Product and its Costs; Diagnosis, Management and New Treatment Alternatives – USP; Saxitoxins in Water Supply: Production of Analytical Standards, Development of Analytical Methodologies and the Degradation Study – USP; Feasibility of the Use of Water Treatment Sludge as Landfill Cover Material and in the Construction of Compacted Soil Landfills - USP; Online Analysis of Water Quality – USP; and Separation Systems by Membranes for the Public Supply of Water: Hiring Projects Mechanisms and Treatment of Contaminated Underground Water – USP. In 2015, we entered into a financing agreement with the Brazilian Agency for Innovation – FINEP for the “Sabesp – Technological Innovations for the Sanitation Sector” plan. This plan is part of the “FINEP Innovates Brazil” program and aims at supporting Brazilian companies’ plans for strategic investment in innovation. This plan must detail a company’s targets and goals for the period during which they will receive financing, pursuant to the Federal Government’s “Greater Brazil Plan – PBM”. This plan consists of four projects, whose costs total approximately R$60 million, as follows: (i) production system for reused water in urban and industrial uses; (ii) biofiltration units for odor control; (iii) sludge dryer based on solar radiation for sewage treatment stations in the city of Franca, Franca Sewage Treatment Station; and (iv) plasma gasification system for solid waste from sewage treatment plants. We also entered into an agreement with the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany in 2011 in order to obtain biomethane from the sewage treatment process to be used as fuel for cars The objective is to mobilize a fleet of 49 cars using biomethane fueled by a sewage treatment process instead of gasoline. This project has been delayed due to a judicial dispute between the supplier of the equipment and the Fraunhofer Institute which has temporarily impeded the importation of equipment donated to the Fraunhofer Institute. In 2015, the dispute was resolved and the project proceeded. In 2016, we expect to receive the imported equipment and execute the construction for their installation. Seeking energy efficiency in our operations, we projected an equipment to calculate the correct oxygen dosage to be used in air diffusors, which are used in the sewage treatment process. The project aims also to find the best cleaning period and when these devices have to be replaced. Additionally, we have developed custom made biofilters to reduce the odor from sewage pumping stations and sewage treatment plants. D. Trend Information Several factors may affect our future results of operations, liquidity and capital resources, including: the interests of our controlling shareholder; regulations issued by ARSESP regarding several aspects of our business, with respect to our ability to adjust our tariffs and the competency of state and municipalities to manage their sanitation affairs; Brazilian economic conditions; the effects of extreme weather events; the effects of any continuous international financial turmoil that may affect liquidity in the Brazilian capital and lending markets; 104 the effects that further changes in the Basic Sanitation Law and its interpretation may have on the basic sanitation industry in Brazil and on us; the effects of inflation in our results of operations; the effects of fluctuations in the value of the Brazilian real and in interest rates on our net interest income; the renewal of our concession agreements; the impact on our business of the water consumption reduction incentive program and other measures we took in 2014, 2015 and in the first months of 2016 as well as any other measures we may need to take until the water levels of our reservoirs are normalized and sufficient to continuously serve the customers in the São Paulo metropolitan region; the impact on our business of lower water consumption practices adopted by our customers during the current water crisis, which may remain in place even after the water levels of our reservoirs normalize; decisions by DAEE and ANA limiting the volume of water that may be extracted from the Cantareira System, the main water system we use to serve the São Paulo metropolitan region, and the measures that we may be required to take to ensure the provision of water to our customers; and the formalization of agreements with certain of the municipalities we serve. Some of these factors are described in more detail under “5.A. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”. In addition, you should read “3.D. Risk Factors” for a discussion of the risks we face in our business operations, which could affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2015. F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations Our debt obligations and other contractual obligations as of December 31, 2015 were as follows: Loans and financing Estimated interest payments(1) Accounts payable to suppliers and contractors Services payable Program contract commitments Purchase obligations(2) Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years (in millions of reais) More than 5 years Total 1,526.3 504.1 248.2 387.3 238.9 3,293.5 6,198.3 2,750.8 1,075.2 - - 65.5 3,130.3 7,021.8 3,662.8 813.5 - - 28.6 1,368.6 5,873.5 5,181.7 1,126.9 - - 16.8 7,641.1 13,966.5 13,121.6 3,519.7 248.2 387.3 349.8 15,433.5 33,060.1 (1) Estimated interest payments on loans and financing were determined considering the interest rates as of December 31, 2015. However, our loans and financing are subject to variable interest indexation and foreign exchange fluctuations, and these estimated interest payments may differ significantly from payments actually made. The debt agreements have cross-default clauses. (2) The purchase obligations are the contractual obligations of investments and expenses. We believe that we can meet the maturity schedule through a combination of funds generated by operations, the net proceeds of new issuances of debt securities in the Brazilian and international capital markets and additional borrowings from domestic and foreign lenders. Our borrowings are not affected by seasonality. For information concerning the interest rates on our indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2015, see Note 16 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013 included elsewhere in this annual report. 105 ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES A. Directors and Senior Management Under our bylaws and Brazilian Corporate Law, we are managed by our board of directors (Conselho de Administração), which currently consists of ten directors, and a board of executive officers (Diretoria), which currently consists of six executive officers. As our controlling shareholder, the State has the ability to elect the majority of our board of directors and, therefore, our direction and future operations. Upon the election of a new State governor and any resulting change in the administration of the State, all or some of the members of our board of directors, including our chairman, have historically been replaced by designees of the new administration. Our board of directors may in turn replace some or all of the executive officers. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Control by the State of São Paulo—We are controlled by the State of São Paulo, whose interests may differ from the interests of non- controlling shareholders, including holders of ADSs”. Board of Directors Our bylaws provide for a minimum of five and a maximum of 15 directors. The members of our board of directors are elected at a general shareholders’ meeting to serve a renewable two-year term. Pursuant to our bylaws, our employees have the option to elect one member of our board of directors. Currently, our employees have not elected a director. In addition, pursuant to Law No. 6,404/1976 of December 15, 1976, as amended (“Brazilian Corporate Law”), at least one member of the board of directors of mixed capital companies, such as us, must be appointed by the minority shareholders. Finally, according to the Novo Mercado rules, at least 20.0% of the board of directors must be comprised of independent members. Seven of the current members of our board of directors, Claudia Polto da Cunha, Alberto Goldman, Walter Tesch, Jerônimo Antunes, Reinaldo Guerreiro, Francisco Vídal Luna and Luis Eduardo de Assis were elected at the annual shareholders’ meeting held on April 30, 2014. Sidnei Franco da Rocha was elected at the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on October 13, 2014, Benedito Pinto Ferreira Braga Junior was elected at the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on January 29, 2015 and Jerson Kelman was elected at the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on February 13, 2015. Board members Alberto Goldman, Claudia Polto da Cunha, Sidnei Franco da Rocha and Walter Tesch were not re-elected by the shareholders at the general meeting held on April 29, 2016 and will therefore leave the board on May 12, 2016. The tenure of all the remaining directors will end upon the election of members for the new term at the annual shareholders’ meeting to be held in April, 2018. Currently, we have four members considered independent under the Novo Mercado rules. Our board of directors ordinarily meets once a month or when called by a majority of the directors or the chairman. Its responsibilities include the establishment of policy and general orientation of our business, and the appointment and supervision of our executive officers. The following are the names, ages, positions, dates of election and brief biographical descriptions of the current members of our board of directors: Director Benedito Pinto Ferreira Braga Junior Alberto Goldman (1) Jerson Kelman Claudia Polto da Cunha (1) Sidnei Franco da Rocha (1) Walter Tesch (1) Jerônimo Antunes Reinaldo Guerreiro Francisco Vidal Luna Luis Eduardo de Assis Position Age 68 78 68 48 72 72 60 63 69 59 Chairman Member Member Member Member Member Independent Member* Independent Member* Independent Member* Independent Member* Date Elected January 29, 2015 April 30, 2014 February 13, 2015 April 30, 2014 October 13, 2014 April 30, 2014 April 30, 2014 April 30, 2014 April 30, 2014 April 30, 2014 (1) Board members not re-elected by the shareholders at the general meeting held on April 29, 2016 and will therefore leave the board on May 12 2016. * These members comply with the independence requirements established by the Novo Mercado rules. 106 Benedito Pinto Ferreira Braga Junior. Mr. Braga has been our chairman since January 2015. He has also been the State Secretary of Sanitation and Water Resources since January 2015. He holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the São Carlos School of Engineering at the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP), with a Master’s degree in Hydrology from Stanford University, and in Hydraulics from the Polytechnic School at USP and also a Ph.D in Hydrological Resources from Stanford University. He is a professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Polytechnic School at USP and conducts technical and scientific studies in the field of water resource planning and management, with an emphasis on conflict resolution with multiple goals. He is also president of the World Water Council (WWC), responsible for the World Water Forums at The Hague, Kyoto, Mexico and Istanbul, and he is President of the International Forum Committee. Mr. Braga was President of the Intergovernmental Council of UNESCO International Hydrological Program from 2009 to 2010, President of the International Water Resources Association (IWRA) from 1998 to 2000 and a member of the board of the directors of the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) from its inception in 1999 to 2009. Alberto Goldman. Mr. Goldman has been a member of our board of directors since April 2011. Mr. Goldman holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Polytechnic School at the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP). Mr. Goldman was Vice Governor of São Paulo from January 2007 to March 2010 and Governor of São Paulo from April 2010 to December 2010. He was a member of our board of directors from April 2009 to March 2010. He was also the State Secretary of Development (currently, the Development, Science and Technology State Department) from January 2007 to February 2009 and the State Deputy for two terms and Federal Deputy for six terms. Mr. Goldman was the president of the Budget Mixed Committee in 2000 and rapporteur of the General Telecommunications Law. He was the Special Secretary of State of the Program Coordination in 1987 and of the Administration Coordination between 1988 and 1990. Mr. Goldman was the Minister of Transportation from 1992 to 1994. Jerson Kelman. Mr. Kelman has been a member of our board of directors since February 2015 and our CEO since January 2015. He holds a degree in Civil Engineering with a specialization in Hydraulics from the School of Engineering at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ), a Master’s degree in Civil Engineering from the Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering at UFRJ and holds a Ph.D in Hydrology and Water Resources from Colorado State University. Mr. Kelman has also worked as a Water Resources Professor at COPPE-UFRJ since 1974 and served as President of the Brazilian National Water Agency, General Director of the Brazilian National Energy Agency, CEO of The Light Group between 2010 and 2012, Intervener at Enersul, and a member of the Brazilian National Council for Energy Policy and Environment and Water Resources, as well as various boards, both in Brazil and abroad. Claudia Polto da Cunha. Ms. Cunha has been a member of our board of directors since April 2013. She holds a degree in Law and a Master’s degree in Public Law from the Law School at the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP). She has been a State Attorney for the State of São Paulo since 2001, acting as the Corporate Matters Officer for the Paulista Partnership Company (Companhia Paulista de Parcerias) and the Executive Secretary at the State Council for Capital Protection (Conselho de Defesa dos Capitais do Estado), since 2006. Ms. Cunha is a member of the board of directors at the Metropolitan Company for Urban Transport (Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos). She was a member of the fiscal committee at the Company for Urban and Housing Development (Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano), a member of the board of directors at the São Paulo Metropolitan Company (Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo), a member of the fiscal committee at Rede Ferroviária Federal, as well as a member of the board of trustees at the Foundation for Consumor Protection (Fundação de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor). Sidnei Franco da Rocha. Mr. Rocha has been a member of our board of directors since October 2014. He holds a degree in Law from Franca School of Law and is a graduate of Faculdade Francana with a degree in Philosophy, Sciences and Letters. He worked as a reporter and was Press Secretary in Franca City Hall, the Councilor’s Office and the Mayor’s Office for three terms. He also was President of São Paulo Aviation S.A. (Viação Aérea São Paulo S/A - VASP) and General Director of Rádio Hertz, where he is currently the President-Director. 107 Walter Tesch. Mr. Tesch has been a member of our board of directors since April 2011. He holds a degree in Sociology from the University of Uruguay and a Master’s degree in Social Sciences from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He was Coordinator of CRHi (Water Resources Coordination) for the State of São Paulo from January 2011 to January 2015. Mr. Tesch has worked in Peru, Venezuela and several Latin American countries. Between 2005 and 2009, Mr. Tesch was the Head of the Administrative District of Parelheiros, which is equivalent to a quarter of the size of the São Paulo municipality and a water source region in the city of São Paulo. He was the Deputy Executive Secretary from 2009 to 2010 of the Water Defense Operation (Defesa das Águas), an agreement between the São Paulo municipal and state governments. Mr. Tesch has also authored articles and books on cooperatives and water sources. Jerônimo Antunes. Mr. Antunes has been an independent member of our board of directors and Coordinator of the Audit Committee since April 2008. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and Accounting and both a Masters’ degrees and a doctorate in Controllership and Accounting from the Business, Economics and Accounting School at the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP). He has been a certified independent accountant and consultant in accountability and corporate finance since 1977. He has been a professor of several MBA courses at USP since 1999, at the Foundation Institute of Accounting, Actuary and Financial Research (Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Contábeis, Atuariais e Financeiras - FIPECAFI) since 2000 and at the Foundation Institute of Administration (Fundação Instituto de Administração - FIA) since 2006, among other institutions. Mr. Antunes has acted as an independent auditor since 1977, an expert and specialist in accounting examinations since 2005, and President of the Audit Committee of Develop São Paulo (Desenvolve SP) since May 2013. Since July 2015, he is the alternate independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., the independent member of the Board of Directors of Petrobras Distribuidora S.A. and a member of the Audit Committee and Compensation and Succession Committee of Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. He is a member of IBGC and was an executive officer of the Institute of Accounting, Actuary and Financial Research (Instituto de Pesquisas Contábeis, Atuariais e Financeiras - IPECAFI), the Brazilian Institute of Independent Auditors (Instituto Brasileiro de Auditores Independentes – IBRACON) and the National Association of Executives in Finance, Administration and Accounting (Associação Nacional de Executivos de Finanças, Administração e Contabilidade – ANEFAC). Reinaldo Guerreiro. Mr. Guerreiro has been an independent member of our board of directors since January 2007. He holds a doctorate in Accounting and Controllership, a Master’s degree in Accounting and Controllership and a Bachelor’s degree in Accounting Sciences, all of them from the Business, Economics and Accounting School at the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP). Currently, he is a professor and former Head of the Accounting Department at the Business, Economics and Accounting School at USP. He is a researcher at the National Council for Scientific Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico – CNPQ), has authored books in management accounting and has published various scientific articles in domestic and international magazines. He is a specialized consultant in financial management. Mr. Guerreiro has worked on various projects in the areas of financial management, costs, budget and IT in a variety of companies, such as Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, Previ and for the São Paulo Government - GESP. Francisco Vidal Luna. Mr. Luna has been an independent member of our board of directors since April 2013. He has a doctorate in Economics from the Business, Economics and Accounting School at the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP) and is a retired professor of the same university. In the public sector, he has served as the Secretary of Planning for the state and city of São Paulo. He has also worked at the Treasury Department for the State of São Paulo and the Federal Planning Bureau, among other roles. Within the private sector, Mr. Luna was Chairman and President of Banco Inter American Express S.A. At the governmental level, he served as a member of the advisory board of the Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast (Superentendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste – Sudene), a member of the board of directors of BNDES; superintendent of the Planning Institute of the Federal Planning Bureau, Special Secretary for Economic Affairs of the Federal Planning Bureau. At the state level, Mr. Luna has also been the Chairman of the Advisory Board for the division of Economic Affairs of the Secretariat of Finance of the State of São Paulo and Executive Secretary of the Board of Financial Coordination of São Paulo. Currently, Mr. Luna is a member of the board of directors and the audit committee of Develop São Paulo (Desenvolve SP), a member of the board of directors and the audit committee of Gafisa S.A., a member of the board of directors of Tenda S.A., Chairman of the board of directors of IDBRASIL and the Afro-Brazilian Museum, a member of the board of trustees of the Father Anchieta Foundation (Fundação Padre Anchieta) and an advisory board member of the Foundation of Medical Faculty (Fundação Faculdade de Medicina – FFM). 108 Luis Eduardo de Assis. Mr. Assis has been an independent member of our Board of Directors since April 2014. He holds a degree in Economics from the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP), a Master's degree from the State University of Campinas (Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP) and an MBA from Scuola Superiore Enrico Mattei in Milan, Italy. He was director of Monetary Policy of the Central Bank of Brazil and a professor in the Department of Economics at the Pontificial University of São Paulo (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP) and at the Getulio Vargas Foundation (Fundação Getulio Vargas - FGV-SP). He has developed his long career in the financial market, having held the positions of Chief Economist and Investment Director at Citibank, Chief Executive Officer at HSBC Investment Bank Brasil, Chief Operating Officer at HSBC Bank Brasil, Senior Strategic Planning Executive at the HSBC Group in London and Local Director for Latin America at HSBC. Currently, he serves as the President of Fator Seguradora and writes an opinion column for the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo. Board of Executive Officers Our board of executive officers is composed of six executive officers appointed by our board of directors for renewable two year terms. Our executive officers are responsible for all matters concerning our day-to-day management and operations. Members of our board of executive officers have individual responsibilities established by our board of directors and our bylaws. The following are the names, ages, positions, dates of election and brief biographical descriptions of our board of executive officers: Executive Officer Jerson Kelman Manuelito Pereira Magalhães Junior Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso Paulo Massato Yoshimoto Luiz Paulo de Almeida Neto Edison Airoldi Age 68 48 58 63 59 59 Position Chief Executive Officer Corporate Management Officer Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer Metropolitan Region Officer Regional Systems Officer Technology, Enterprises and Environment Officer Date Elected June 22, 2015 June 22, 2015 June 22, 2015 June 22, 2015 June 22, 2015 June 22, 2015 Jerson Kelman. See above “—Board of Directors”. Manuelito Pereira Magalhães Júnior. Mr. Magalhães has been our Corporate Management Officer since February 2011. He holds a degree in Economic Sciences from the State University of Campinas (Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP). Mr. Magalhães was a member of our board of directors from January 2007 to February 2011. He was a parliamentary advisor in the Federal Senate. From 2009 to 2011 he was the Chief Executive Officer of Empresa Paulista de Planejamento Metropolitano – EMPLASA. From 2006 to 2009 he was the Secretary of Planning of the Municipality of São Paulo and from 2005 to 2006 he was the Deputy Secretary of the Planning Secretariat. From 2003 and 2004 he was Ombudsman of the National Supplementary Health Agency. From 1998 to 2002, he was the special advisor of the Ministry of Health. Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso. Mr. Affonso has been our Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer since July 2003. Mr. Affonso holds a doctorate and a Master’s degree in Economics from the State University of Campinas (Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP), and a degree in Economics from the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP). He has been a professor at UNICAMP since 1986, a professor at the Business, Economics and Accounting School of USP from 1983 to 1989, and a Director of Public Economy at the Foundation of Administrative Development (Fundação do Desenvolvimento Administrativo) from 1994 to 2003. He also represented Brazil on the board of the Forum of Federations, a non-governmental entity located in Canada, from 2000 to 2006. Mr. Affonso has also held several positions in state government. Paulo Massato Yoshimoto. Mr. Yoshimoto has been our Metropolitan Region Officer since February 2004. He holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Lins School of Engineering (Escola de Engenharia de Lins). Mr. Yoshimoto joined us in 1983, and has held the positions of executive assistant to the operations office and head of the water production and maintenance and metropolitan planning departments. Mr. Yoshimoto has also held the position of senior planning professional at Empresa Metropolitana de Planejamento from 1975 to 1983. Luiz Paulo de Almeida Neto. Mr. Almeida Neto has been our Regional Systems officer since January 2011. He holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Polytechnic School at the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP), a degree in Business Administration from the Votuporanga Educational Foundation (Fundação Educacional Votuporanga/SP) and a post-graduate degree in Sanitary Engineering from the School of Public Health at USP. Mr. Almeida joined us in 1979 and has worked with us as head of the Baixo Tietê Business Unit responsible for the management of areas located in the hydrographic basins of Baixo Tietê, Tietê-Batalha, São José dos Dourados and Turvo Grande. Mr. Almeida Neto has authored several articles. 109 Edison Airoldi. Mr Airoldi has been our Technology, Enterprises and Environment Officer since June 2015. He holds a degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Polytechnic School at the University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP) and a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the Foundation Institute of Administration (Fundação Instituto de Administração - FIA). Mr. Airoldi joined us in 1981 and has worked with us as the Head of the Northern Region business unit, the Water Production business unit and the Technical and Integrated Planning Unit. Compensation Pursuant to Brazilian Corporate Law, our shareholders are responsible for establishing the aggregate amount of compensation we pay to the members of our board of directors, members of our fiscal committee and our executive officers. According to Instruction No. 480 issued by CVM, we have to periodically disclose certain information on the aggregate compensation such as averages and fringe benefits. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, the aggregate compensation, including benefits in kind granted that we paid to members of our board of directors, board of executive officers and fiscal committee for services in all capacities were R$4.6 million, R$4.3 million and R$4.2 million, respectively. The tables below sets forth the breakdown of the total compensation received by our directors and members of our board of executive officers and fiscal committee and other data related to their compensation for the periods indicated: 2015 Year ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands of R$, except where indicated otherwise) 2013 Total compensation per administrative body Board of directors Board of executive officers Fiscal committee Total amount of compensation Number of members (in individuals) Board of directors Board of executive officers Fiscal committee Fixed annual compensation Salary Board of directors Board of executive officers Fiscal committee Direct and indirect benefits Board of directors Board of executive officers Fiscal committee Variable compensation Bonus Board of directors Board of executive officers Fiscal committee Maximum amount of compensation Board of directors Board of executive officers Fiscal committee Minimum amount of compensation Board of directors Board of executive officers Fiscal committee Average amount of compensation Board of directors Board of executive officers Fiscal committee 1,139 3,135 324 4,598 10 6 5 878 1,781 252 262 833 72 - 521 - 157 581 66 96 494 64 114 489 60 1,051 2,899 303 4,253 9 6 5 802 1,654 232 250 741 71 - 504 - 157 552 64 96 481 64 117 483 61 1,026 2,929 258 4,213 9 6 5 788 1,673 198 239 690 60 - 566 - 157 530 64 96 471 17 111 469 57 110 Profit Sharing and Pension Plans We have established a pension and benefit fund (Fundação SABESP de Seguridade Social), or SABESPREV, to provide our employees with retirement and pension benefits. This pension plan provides benefit payments to former employees and their families. Both we and our employees make contributions to the pension plan under SABESPREV, which we called as plan G1. Our total contributions to the pension plan totaled R$23.7 million, R$23.0 million and R$18.4 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In addition to the pension plan under SABESPREV, we are also required to pay supplemental pension payments relating to the employment contract of certain employees prior to the creation of SABESPREV, which we called as plan G0. Based on independent actuarial reports, as of December 31, 2015, our obligation under these both plans (G0 and G1) totaled R$2,832.2 million. For further information on our pension plans see Note 20 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 included elsewhere in this annual report. Beginning in 2008, payments under the profit-sharing plan were based both on general goals that evaluate us as a whole and on other goals that evaluate the performance our different business units. Payments are proportionally reduced annually if the goals are not completely achieved. We recorded profit-sharing expenses of R$76.6 million, R$72.9 million and R$68.5 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We do not have a stock-option plan for our employees. B. Board Practices The members of our board of directors are elected at an annual shareholders’ meeting to serve a renewable two-year term. Our next annual shareholders’ meeting will be held on April, 2017. Our board of directors ordinarily meets once a month or when called by a majority of the directors or the chairman. See “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management—Board of Directors”. Our board of executive officers is composed of six executive officers appointed by our board of directors for a renewable two-year term. Although our bylaws provide that the meetings of our board of executive officers shall be held twice a month, meetings are held on a weekly basis. See “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management—Board of Executive Officers”. None of our directors and/or executive officers is a party to an employment contract providing for benefits upon termination of employment. Those directors and officers who are also our employees will remain as our employees after their tenure as directors and/or officers, in this case, maintaining all benefits granted to our employees. Fiscal Committee (Conselho Fiscal) Our fiscal committee, which is established on a permanent basis, consists of a minimum of three and a maximum of five members and generally meets once a month. Our fiscal committee currently consists of five members and five alternates. Furthermore, each member has its respective alternate. Eight of the current members of our fiscal committee (Humberto Macedo Puccinelli, Rui Brasil Assis, Massao Fabio Oya, Joaldir Reynaldo Machado, Tomás Bruginski de Paula, José Rubens Gozzo Pereira, Maria Elvira Lopes Gimenez and Enio Marrano Lopes) were elected in the shareholders’ meeting held on April 30, 2015. Sandra Maria Giannella was elected in the Extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on November 10, 2015 and José Alexandre Pereira de Araújo was elected in the Extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on January 29, 2016. The ten members of the fiscal council had their tenure renewed in the annual general shareholders’ meeting held on April 29, 2016 until the next annual general shareholders’ meeting to be held in April 2017. The primary responsibility of the fiscal committee, which is independent from management and from the external auditors appointed by our board of directors, is to review our financial statements and report on them to our shareholders. The following are the names, ages, position, date of election and brief biographical descriptions of the current and alternate members of our fiscal committee: Fiscal Committee Members Humberto Macedo Puccinelli Joaldir Reynaldo Machado José Alexandre Pereira de Araújo Rui Brasil Assis Massao Fabio Oya Tomás Bruginski de Paula José Rubens Gozzo Pereira Enio Marrano Lopes Sandra Maria Giannella Maria Elvira Lopes Gimenez Age 58 67 44 61 34 55 68 54 59 45 Position Member Member Member Member Member Alternate Alternate Alternate Alternate Alternate 111 Date Elected April 30, 2015 April 30, 2015 January 29, 2016 April 30, 2015 April 30, 2015 April 30, 2015 April 30, 2015 April 30, 2015 November 10, 2015 April 30, 2015 Humberto Macedo Puccinelli. Mr. Puccinelli has been a member of our fiscal committee since April 2011. Mr. Puccinelli holds a degree in Economics from the Pontificial University of São Paulo (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP). He worked at the Department of Planning from 1985 to 1995, at the Health State Department as Assistant Secretary from 1995 to 1996, at the State Treasury from 1996 to 2002, and at the Planning Department as Assistant Secretary in 2003. Since January 2004 he has been the Technical Assistant of the State Treasury. Joaldir Reynaldo Machado. Mr. Machado has been a member of our fiscal committee since April 2015. He holds a degree in Economics from the School of Economics, Administration and Accounting of the University of São Paulo (Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo – FEA USP). Currently, he is the Chief of Staff of the Sanitation and Water Resources Secretariat State of São Paulo. He worked as a Chief of Staff of the Economy and Planning Secretariat State of São Paulo (2007-2013), Chief of the Economy and Planning Secretariat State of São Paulo (2003), Coordinator of Planning and Evaluation of the Economy and Planning Secretariat State of São Paulo (1998-2003), Advisor of the EMPLASA Executive Board (1992-1994), executive of the Finance Departament of our Company (1991-1992), Chief of Staff of Environment State Secretariat State of São Paulo (1987-1991) and has also worked for SEADE Foundation (1979-1987). José Alexandre Pereira de Araújo. Mr. Pereira de Araújo has been a member of our fiscal committee since January 2016. He holds a business administration degree from the Pontifical University of Campinas (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas - PUC-Campinas) and specializations in Business Management and Public Management from the State University of Campinas (Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP) and Foundation of Sociology and Politics (Fundação Escola de Sociologia e Política – FESP). He was the Government Manager of the State of São Paulo’s Superintendence of the Banco do Brasil between 1998 and 2002, the Chief of Staff of the Center for Studies and Research of the Municipal Administration – CEPAM, between 2003 and 2005, the Chief of Staff of the Secretariat of City Management of the city of São Paulo between 2005 and 2007, the Executive Secretary of the Council of Real Estate Patrimony of the Mayor’s Office of São Paulo between 2005 and 2007, the Chief of Staff of Public Management of the government of the state of São Paulo between 2007 and 2008, the Director of the Poupatempo between 2008 and 2010, and the Director of Business Management of the Official Press of the government of the state of São Paulo between 2011 and 2014. Currently, he is the Adjunct Secretary of the Planning and Management Secretariat of the government of the state of São Paulo. Besides SABESP, he has not served in any administrative position in any other publicly traded company. Rui Brasil Assis. Mr. Assis has been a member of our fiscal committee since April 2014. He holds a degree in Civil Engineering from Escola de Engenharia de Lins. In the public sector, he worked for Lins City Hall from 1980 to 1983, the Water and Electricity Department from 1983 to 1999, the Water Resources, Sanitation and Construction Secretariat from 1999 to 2003, the Energy, Water Resources and Sanitation Secretariat from 2003 to 2007, the Energy Secretariat from 2007 to 2010 and the Sanitation and Water Resources Secretariat since 2011. Mr. Assis was a member of the deliberative council of the Foundation Agency of Alto Tietê Water Basis (Fundação Agência de Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê) from 2006 to 2014, the fiscal committee of EMAE from 2007 to 2011, board of directors of the Association for Water Management of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin (AGEVAP) from 2003 to 2006 and the board of directors of the Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) from 1999 to 2007. Massao Fabio Oya. Mr. Oya has been a member of our fiscal committee since April 2015. He holds a degree in Accounting from the Father Anchieta Foundation (Fundação Padre Anchieta) and a Master’s degree in Financial Management and Controllership from the Father Anchieta Institute. He is a partner of Solução Governança Corporativa e Consultoria Ltda., a company which provides business advisory services in the corporate, accounting 112 and corporate governance areas. He is a sitting member of Companhia Paranaense de Energia – COPEL, Pettenati Indústria Têxtil S.A., Companhia Providência Ind. e Com. S.A., Cristal Pigmentos do Brasil S.A., WLM Indústria e Comércio S.A. and Bicicletas Monark S.A. He was a sitting member of the Fiscal Councils of Companhia de Saneamento do Parana – Sanepar, between 2011 and 2012, TIM Participações S.A. between 2011 and 2012, Banco do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul S.A. – Banrisul, in 2011, Wetzel S.A., between 2011 and 2012, Bardella S.A. – Indústrias Mecânicas between, 2013 and 2015, and General Shopping S.A., between 2012 and 2013. Tomás Bruginski de Paula. Mr. de Paula has been an alternate member of our fiscal committee since April 2006. He holds a Master’s degree in Economics from the State University of Campinas (Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP). He has been a professor at the Economics Department of Pontifícia Universidade Católica – PUC since 1986. He has been an executive officer at the São Paulo Company for Partnerships (Companhia Paulista de Parcerias) since 2004 and the São Paulo Securities Company (Companhia Paulista de Securitização) since 2009. Mr. de Paula has worked as a consultant for several entities, including the Economic Committee for Latin America (CEPAL), the United Nations Development Program (PNUD), the Brazilian Institute of Municipal Administration (IBAM), the Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration at the Getulio Vargas Foundation (EBAPE/FGV), the State System Data Analysis Foundation (SEADE), and the Brazilian Electricity Agency in the infrastructure and public policy financing areas. He is also a member of the fiscal committee of Develop São Paulo (DesenvolveSP) and a member of the board of directors of the São Paulo State Highway Company (Desenvolvimento Rodoviária S.A. - DERSA). Mr. de Paula was also a member of the fiscal committee of the São Paulo Company of Electric Power Transmission (Companhia de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica Paulista – CTEEP). José Rubens Gozzo Pereira. Mr. Pereira has been an alternate member of our fiscal committee since April 2010. He holds a degree in Economics from Mackenzie University and a graduate degree from the Getulio Vargas Foundation and attended international studies extension programs at the Universities of London and Paris. He has been responsible for the Funding Department of the Finance Secretariat since 1989. Mr. Pereira held positions in the public sector in the DAEE, where he was responsible for the Budget and Financing Department. He was an executive officer at Traffic Engineering Company of São Paulo (Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego – CET) and in the International Cooperation Department at the Energy Company of São Paulo (Companhia Energética de São Paulo –CESP). Enio Marrano Lopes. Mr. Lopes has been an alternate member of our fiscal committee since April 2014. He holds a degree in Business Administration from Faculdades Oswaldo Cruz. Currently, Mr. Lopes is Budget Assistant Coordinator for the Secretariat of Planning and Management (Secretaria de Planejamento e Gestão)of the State of São Paulo and a member of the Fiscal Committee of the CDHU. He also served in various positions for the Secretariat of Planning and Management of the State of São Paulo and was a member of the Fiscal Committe of the São Paulo State Highway Company (Desenvolvimento Rodoviária S.A. - DERSA), the Metropolitan Train Authority of São Paulo (CPTM) and the Energy Company of São Paulo (Companhia Energética de São Paulo –CESP). Sandra Maria Giannella. Ms. Gianella has been a member of our fiscal committee since November 2015. She holds a degree in Economics from the Armando Álvares Penteado Foundation (Fundação Armando Álvares Penteado – FAAP), in Business Administration from the Mackenzie Presbyterian University (Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie) and a specialization in Financial Management from the Getulio Vargas Foundation (Fundação Getulio Vargas - FGV-SP). She has been a public employee of the state of São Paulo since 1978 and has held several leadership positions throughout her career. Currently, she coordinates the Advisory of Business Management of the government of the state of São Paulo and is the Executive Secretrary of the Management Committee of the State and City of São Paulo, the committee responsible for the management of the basic sanitation service provision contract between SABESP and the city of São Paulo. Since 1991, she has been the fiscal counselor of several controlled by the state of São Paulo, such as the Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo – Metrô, Desenvolvimento Rodoviário S.A. – DERSA, Companhia Energética de São Paulo – CESP, Elektro, Companhia Paulista de Parcerias – CPP, and us. Maria Elvira Lopes Gimenez. Mrs. Gimenez has been an alternate member of our fiscal committee since April 2015. She holds a degree in Economics from the Santana University of São Paulo (Faculdade Santana São Paulo) and currently holds the position of financial assistant of the Board of Executive Officers at Solução Governança Corporativa e Consultoria Ltda. She is also alternate member of the Fiscal Council at Companhia Providência Ind. e Com. S.A., WLM Indústria e Comércio S.A. and Cristal Pigmentos do Brasil S.A. Mrs. Gimenez was the financial assistant of the Board of Executive Officers at Guardyannet Serviços de Traduções Ltda. 113 Audit Committee Our bylaws provide for an audit committee to be comprised of three board members, who will cumulatively comply with the requirements of (i) independence, (ii) technical expertise, and (iii) identifying and complying with applicable exemptions in accordance with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, rules. Our Board of Directors determined that Jerônimo Antunes qualifies as a financial expert under the SEC rules. The members are appointed by the board of directors. The audit committee is responsible for assisting and advising the board of directors in its responsibilities to ensure the quality, transparency and integrity of our published financial information. To this end, the audit committee supervises all matters relating to accounting, internal controls and the internal and independent audit functions. The audit committee and its members have no decision making powers or executive functions. The minimum availability required from each member of the audit committee is thirty hours per month. Under our bylaws, the members shall exercise their roles for the same period as their corresponding term of office, or until otherwise resolved by the general shareholders’ meeting or by resolution of the board of directors. All of our Audit Committee members are independent. The following are the names, positions and dates of election of the members of our audit committee: Director Jerônimo Antunes Reinaldo Guerreiro Francisco Vidal Luna Regulatory Affairs Committee Position Coordinator and Financial Expert Member Member Date Elected May 14, 2014 May 14, 2014 May 14, 2014 Our bylaws provide for a regulatory issues committee to be comprised of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer, Metropolitan Officer, and Regional System Officer. The regulatory affairs committee is responsible for defining our regulatory directives, strategies and guidelines and coordinating our regulatory affairs department, under the directives of our board of directors. The Chief Executive Officer acts as chairman of our regulatory affairs committee and is responsible for proposing its internal regulations to be approved by the committee. Pursuant to our bylaws, the head of regulation shall be the executive secretary of the committee. Under our bylaws, the resolutions of our regulatory affairs committee shall be binding and our executive board shall be entitled to implement them in the scope of its jurisdiction. Meetings of our regulatory affairs committee are held at least once a month, if ordinary, and when extraordinary can be called by any of our committee’s members. In 2015, no meetings of the Regulatory Affairs Committee were conducted due to the redirectioning of efforts of our Board of Executive Officers and other members of our Company in the efforts to mitigate the effects of the water crisis. C. Employees As of December 31, 2015, we had 14,223 full-time employees. In 2015, we had an average of 949 interns and 530 apprentices (aprendizes), as defined by Federal Law No. 10,097/2000, dated December 19, 2000, as amended. The following table sets forth the number of our full-time employees by main category of activity and geographic location as of the dates indicated: Number of employees by category of activity: Projects and operations Administration Finance Marketing Number of employees by corporate division: Head office São Paulo metropolitan region Regional Systems Total number of employees 2015 As of December 31, 2014 2013 9,489 2,211 440 2,083 1,377 6,612 6,234 14,223 9,788 2,381 466 2,118 1,481 6,715 6,557 14,753 9,983 2,443 455 2,134 1,510 6,856 6,649 15,015 114 The average tenure of our employees is approximately 18 years. We also outsource certain services such as maintenance, delivery of water and sewage bills, meter reading, catering and security. We believe that our relations with our employees are generally satisfactory. Approximately 75% of all our employees are members of unions. The five main unions that represent our employees are (i) the Union of Workers in Water, Sewage and Environment of the State of São Paulo - SINTAEMA, (ii) workers union of Santos Urban Industries, Baixada Santista region, South Coast and Vale Ribeira - SINTIUS, (iii) the Union of Engineers of the State of São Paulo - SEESP, (iv) the Union of Attorneys of the State of São Paulo - SASP and (v) the Union of Industrial Technicians of the State of São Paulo – SINTEC. In 2013, the collective bargaining agreement resulted in: (i) a salary increase of 8% (which corresponds to the inflation adjustment for the period plus a real gain of 2.5%), (ii) the establishment of an employment guarantee for 98% of our employees, (iii) an increase of 13.6% in meal vouchers (vale refeição), and (iv) an increase of 21.5% in food allowance and an additional of 15% for employees who work on flexible work shifts, among other things. The collective bargaining agreement signed in 2014 resulted in: (i) a salary increase of 5.2% (which corresponds to the inflation adjustment for the period); (ii) the establishment of an employment guarantee for 98% of our employees; (iii) an increase of 8% in meal vouchers; (iv) an increase of 5.2% in food allowance; and (v) the termination of Regional Salary for which Sabesp adopted separate pay scales for Region 1 – São Paulo metropolitan region, Vale do Paraíba, Baixada Santista, Capivari/Jundiaí and Litoral Norte – and Region 2 – other interior and coast cities. Region 2 employees received salaries at a ratio of 80% of the salaries of Region 1 employees. As a result of the collective agreement of 2014, equalization in salaries was conceded for the two regions in two stages: first, on May 1, 2014 with a salary increase from 80% to 90% and second, on May 1, 2015, from 90% to 100%. The collective bargaining agreement signed in 2015 resulted in: (i) a salary increase of 8.29% (which corresponds to the inflation adjustment for the period plus a 1.01% real adjustment); (ii) the readjustment of 10% in the values of the meal vouchers and monthly food stipend; (iii) a readjustment of 8.29% for the remaining benefits; (iv) maintenance of the clause that guarantees the employment of 98% of our employees according to the 2014/2015 collective bargaining agreement; and (iv) maintenance, in an exceptional character, of the Christmas food stipend. We experienced a two day strike in 2013, which did not interrupt the essential services that we provide. In 2015, 2014 and 2012 there were no strikes. Under Brazilian law, our non-administrative employees are considered “essential employees” and, therefore, are limited in their right to strike. D. Share Ownership As of April 30, 2016, none of our directors and executive officers owned any of our common shares. See “Item 7.A. Major Shareholder” for more information. ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS A. Major Shareholder On April 22, 2013 our shareholders approved a stock split, following which each common share represented three new common shares. Since then, our outstanding capital stock consists of 683,509,869 common shares, without par value. Under state laws, the State is required to own at least one-half plus one of our outstanding common shares. All of our shareholders, including the State, have the same voting rights. 115 The following table sets forth ownership information for each of our shareholders that beneficially owned 5.0% or more of our common shares and for our officers and directors, individually and as a group, as of April 30, 2016: State of São Paulo Directors and executive officers of Sabesp Others (1) Total Common shares Shares % 343,524,285 - 339,985,584 683,509,869 50.3% - 49.7% 100.0% (1) As of April 30, 2016, 29.9% of our outstanding common shares were held by 4,211 registered shareholders in Brazil. As of April 30, 2016, 19.8% of our outstanding common shares were held in the United States, in the form of ADSs. According to the ADS depositary’s records, which contain information regarding the ownership of our ADSs, there were, in March 2016, 34 record holders of ADSs in the United States. B. Related Party Transactions Transactions with the State of São Paulo We have entered into extensive transactions with the State, which is our controlling shareholder, and we expect to continue to do so. The State is our largest customer. It owns some of the facilities that we use in our business, it is one of the governmental entities that regulate our business, and it has assisted us in obtaining financing on favorable terms. Many of our transactions with the State reflect policies of the State that depend on decisions of elected officials or public servants, and are accordingly subject to change. Among the practices that could change are those described below concerning the provision of State guarantees, and the terms on which we use State-owned reservoirs. Rendering Services We provide water and sewage services to the federal government, state and municipal governments and government entities in the ordinary course of our business. Gross revenue from sales to the State, including State entities, totaled R$357.5 million in 2015, R$412.0 million in 2014 and R$449.1 million in 2013. Our accounts receivable from the State for water supply and sewage services totaled R$66.3 million and R$50.8 million, as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition, as required by law, we invest our cash and cash equivalents with government financial institutions. Payment of Pensions Pursuant to a law enacted by the State, certain former employees of some State owned companies that provided services to us in the past and later merged to form our Company acquired a legal right to receive supplemental pension benefit payments. These rights are referred to as “Plan G0”. These amounts are paid by us, on behalf of the State, and are claimed by us as reimbursements from the State, as primary obligor. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, we made payments to former employees of R$158.9 million, R$149.9 million and R$140.1 million, respectively, in respect of Plan G0. The State made reimbursements in 2015, 2014 and 2013 in the amounts of R$121.7 million, R$112.5 million and R$111.0 million, respectively. Agreements with the State In September 1997, we and the State entered into a memorandum of understanding providing that we would, in effect, apply dividends we declared that were otherwise payable to the State to offset accounts receivable in connection with the provision of water and sewage services to the State and its controlled entities. 116 On December 11, 2001, we entered into an agreement with the State and the DAEE. Pursuant to this agreement, the State acknowledged and agreed, subject to an audit by a State-appointed auditor, to pay us amounts it owed to us in respect of: water and sewage services we provided to governmental agencies, State-owned autonomous entities and foundations through December 1, 2001, and that was not offset in accordance with the September 1997 memorandum of understanding, in the total amount of R$358.2 million. This amount was renegotiated and included in the second amendment to this agreement discussed below; and supplemental retirement and pension benefits we paid from March 1986 to November 2001 on behalf of the State to former employees of the State-owned companies which merged to form our Company; as we did not reach an agreement regarding these amounts, a joint inquiry has commenced in order to ensure agreement between us and the State, in the total amount of R$320.6 million. This amount was renegotiated and included in the third amendment to this agreement discussed below. The agreement provided that the DAEE would transfer to us ownership of the Taiaçupeba, Jundiaí, Biritiba, Paraitinga and Ponte Nova reservoirs (herein after referred to as “the reservoirs”), which form the Alto Tietê system, and that the fair value of these assets would reduce the amounts owed to us by the State. Under the December 2001 agreement, in 2002, a State-owned construction company (Companhia Paulista de Obras e Serviços), or the CPOS, on behalf of the State, and an independent appraisal firm (Engenharia de Avaliações), or the ENGEVAL, on our behalf, presented their valuation reports relating to the reservoirs. Under the agreement, the arithmetic average of these appraisals is deemed the fair value of the reservoirs. The appraisals contained in these reports were in the amounts of R$335.8 million and R$341.2 million, respectively. Because we had already made investments in these reservoirs by then, the arithmetic average of the appraisals submitted to our board of directors by August 2002, R$300.9 million, was net of a percentage corresponding to these investments. Our board of directors approved the valuation reports. This amount was updated until September 2008 according to IPCA index and amounted to R$696.3 million. Under the December 2001 agreement, for amounts due in excess of the fair value of the reservoirs, the State is to make payments in 114 consecutive monthly installments. The nominal amount owed by the State would not be indexed to inflation or earn interest if there was a delay in concluding the appraisal of fair value. The installments will be indexed on a monthly basis by the IGP-M index, plus 6.0% per year, starting on the date the first installment becomes due. On October 29, 2003, the Public Prosecution Office of the State of São Paulo (Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo), on behalf of the people of the State, brought a civil public action in a Trial Court of the State of São Paulo (12 Vara da Fazenda Pública do Estado de São Paulo) alleging that a transfer to us of ownership of the Alto Tietê system reservoirs from the DAEE would be illegal. An injunction against the transfer of ownership of such reservoirs was granted but was later reversed. However, in October 2004, the court of first instance handed down its judgment on the civil public action and declared the agreement between us, DAEE and State of São Paulo null and void. This decision was suspended by us, and the State treasury and DAEE appealed the decision. On August 23, 2010, the appeal was denied. We have petitioned for clarification of the appeal court’s decision and will seek to take the case to the Supreme Court. The effects of the appeal court’s decision will be suspended until the end of the legal process. We have assessed the risk of loss as probable, which would prohibit the transfer of the reservoirs in payment of the accounts receivable due from the State. The December 2001 agreement also provided that the legal advisors of the State would carry out specific analyses, which have commenced, to ensure agreement among the parties as to the methodology employed in determining the amount of reimbursement for pension benefits owed to us by the State. The commencement of payments with respect to pension amounts owed to us by the State has been postponed until these analyses are completed, the appraisal report is approved and the credit assignments relating to the transfer of the reservoirs are formalized. As discussed above, the transfer of these reservoirs is currently being disputed and we are not certain whether the transfer will be legally permitted. Under the December 2001 agreement, the first payment was to be made in July 2002. 117 On March 22, 2004, we and the State entered into a first amendment to the December 2001 agreement. Under this amendment, the State acknowledged that it owed R$581.8 million to us relating to unpaid accounts receivable from the State until February 29, 2004, and we acknowledged that we owed an aggregate amount of R$518.7 million to the State as dividends, in the form of interest on shareholders’ equity. Accordingly, we and the State agreed to offset each other’s credit up to the limit of R$404.9 million, which was an amount adjusted up to February 2004. The outstanding balance of R$176.9 million (as of February 29, 2004) of the State’s consolidated debt would be paid in consecutive monthly installments from May 2005 until April 2009. These installments would be indexed according to the IPCA index, plus an interest rate of 0.5% per month. Upon the execution of the first amendment, part of the debt that the State owed to us for the use of water and sewage services through February 2004 was offset by the debt that we owed to the State as dividends, in the form of interest on shareholders’ equity. The outstanding balance of R$113.8 million as dividends in the form of interest on shareholders’ equity that we owed to the State was netted against accounts overdue after February 2004. The first amendment did not amend the provisions of the December 2001 agreement regarding the supplemental retirement and pension benefits we paid from March 1986 to November 2001 on behalf of the State to former employees of the State-owned companies. On December 28, 2007, we and the State entered into a second amendment to the December 2001 agreement, pursuant to which the State agreed to pay (i) the outstanding balance under the first amendment, in the amount of R$133.7 million (as of November 30, 2007), in 60 consecutive monthly installments, beginning on January 2, 2008, and (ii) the amount of R$236.1 million relating to part of the accounts overdue and unpaid from March 2004 through October 2007 regarding the provision of water supply and sewage collection services. As part of this amendment, we agreed to pay during the period from January through March 2008 the outstanding balance of dividends in the amount of R$400.8 million, in the form of interest on shareholders’ equity, due from March 2004 through December 2006. We paid these amounts as agreed. Under the second amendment, dividends payable by us are no longer required to be applied to offset accounts receivable from the State, and as a result, we are currently unable to determine the amount, if any, of the declared dividends that the State will apply to current and future accounts receivable owed to us by the State or its entities. In addition, pursuant to the second amendment, we and the State agreed on complying with certain mutual obligations relating (i) to the improvement of payment processes and budget management procedures; (ii) the rationalization of the use of water and the volume of water and sewage bills under the responsibility of the State; (iii) the recording of government entities with accounts overdue in a delinquency system or reference file; and (iv) the possibility of interrupting water supply to these entities in case of non-payment of water and sewage bills. Finally, this second amendment did not amend the provisions of the December 2001 agreement regarding the supplemental retirement and pension benefits we paid from March 1986 through November 2001 on behalf of the State to former employees of the State-owned companies that merged to form our Company. In 2007, we received payment installments from the State in the amount of R$326.0 million. As of December 31, 2007, our dividends payable to the State, due from 2004 through 2007, were in the amount of R$552.0 million. We are currently unable to determine the amount, if any, of the declared dividends that the State will apply to current and future accounts receivable owed to us by the State or its entities. The second amendment no longer requires that dividends be applied to offset accounts receivable from the State. On March 26, 2008, we entered into a commitment agreement (termo de compromisso) with the State with the purpose of finding an alternate solution to the deadlock related to the amount owed by the State to us in connection with the supplemental retirement and pension benefits we paid from March 1986 to November 2001 on behalf of the State to former employees of the State-owned companies which merged to form our Company. In this agreement, we and State committed to hiring specialized companies to carry out new valuations of the amounts owed to us by the State and of the reservoirs. An independent consulting firm, FIPECAFI, has been retained to resolve the disagreement and validate the amount we paid from March 1986 through November 2001 on behalf of the State to former employees of the State-owned companies that merged to form our Company, which the State has not yet agreed to reimburse us hereinafter referred to as the “Disputed Reimbursement Amount”. In addition, FIPECAFI performed, together with another independent consulting firm, a new evaluation of the reservoirs that might be transferred to us as amortization of the reimbursement payable by the State to us. On November 17, 2008, we, the State and DAEE entered into a third amendment to the December 2001 agreement, pursuant to which the State recognized a debt balance payable to us totaling R$915.3 million, hereinafter referred to as the “Undisputed Reimbursement Amount,” as adjusted based on the IPCA. We accepted on a provisional basis the reservoirs as part of the payment of the Undisputed Reimbursement Amount and offered to the State a provisional settlement, recognizing a credit totaling R$696.3 million, corresponding to the value of the reservoirs located in the Alto Tietê region. We and the State have agreed that the final offset will only be recorded when the effective transfer of the reservoirs is recorded at the Real Estate Registry. The outstanding balance of Undisputed Reimbursement Amount, amounting to R$219.0 million, is being paid by the State in 114 consecutive monthly installments, as adjusted by the annual IPCA variation, plus interest accruing at the annual rate of 6.0%. The first installment was paid in November 2008. 118 On March 18, 2015, we, the State and DAEE, with the intervention of the Department of Sanitation and Water Resources, executed a term of agreement, in the amount of R$1,012.3 million, of which R$696.3 million refers to the principal amount and R$316.0 million refers to the monetary adjustment of the principal through February 2015. The principal amount will be paid in 180 installments, as follows: The first 24 installments was settled by an immediate transfer of 2,221,000 preferred shares issued by the São Paulo Company of Electric Power Transmission (Companhia de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica Paulista – CTEEP), totaling R$87.2 million, based on the share closing price as of March 17, 2015; and The amount of R$609.1 million will be adjusted by the IPCA until the date when the payments start and will be paid in cash in 156 monthly installments beginning on April 5, 2017. When payments begin, installments will be adjusted by IPCA plus simple interest of 0.5% per month. Given that the lawsuit regarding the transfer of the reservoirs is pending final and unappealable court decision, the agreement also provides for the following: If transfer is possible and the reservoirs are effectively transferred to us and registered at the authority’s office, we will reimburse to the State the amounts paid in replacement of the reservoirs (principal amount) in 60 monthly installments adjusted by IPCA until the payment date of each installment; and If the transfer of the reservoirs is not possible, the State will pay us, in addition to the principal amount, the inflation adjustment credit in the amount of R$316.0 million in 60 installments, following payment of the principal amount. The amount will be adjusted based on IPCA at the start date of payments and, as of that date, IPCA will be incurred plus 0.5% simple interest rate/month over the amount of each installment. In addition to the Undisputed Reimbursement Amount, there is an outstanding balance relating to the Disputed Reimbursement Amount. As of December 31, 2015, the Disputed Reimbursement Amount, amounted to R$855.1 million, but due to the uncertainty regarding the recovery of the amount our management decided not to recognize the reimbursements. See Note 10 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 regarding the Disputed Reimbursement Amount. We and the State have agreed that the dispute relating to the Disputed Reimbursement Amount will not prevent us from carrying out the commitments made in the December 2001 agreement. In addition, the third amendment to the December 2001 agreement provides for the regularization of the monthly flow of benefits. While we are liable for the monthly flow of benefits to the former employees of the state-owned companies that merged to form our Company, the State shall reimburse us based on criteria identical to those applied when determining the Undisputed Reimbursement Amount. Should there be no preventive court decision, the State will assume the flow of monthly payment of benefits portion deemed as undisputed. Finally, the third amendment to the December 2001 agreement established that the Public Attorney’s Office of the State of São Paulo, or the Public Attorney’s Office, would issue a revised interpretation of the calculation and eligibility criteria applicable to the Disputed Reimbursement Amount. At that time, we believed that the Public Attorney’s Office would issue a revised interpretation which would have helped us bring the negotiations with the State to a conclusion. However, contrary to our expectations, the Public Attorney’s Office interpretation of the calculation and eligibility criteria applicable to the Disputed Reimbursement Amount refuted the reimbursement of the largest portion of this amount. As of December 31, 2015, we had made a provision of R$2,166.9 million in our pension obligations accounts in respect of the pension benefit obligation of Plan G0. 119 Even though the negotiations with the State are still progressing, we cannot assure you that we will recover the receivables related to the Disputed Reimbursement Amount (amount not recorded in our financial statements since it is a contingent asset). We will not waive the receivables from the State to which we consider ourselves to be legally entitled. Accordingly, we will take all possible actions to resolve the issue at all administrative and court levels. Should this conflict persist, we will take all the necessary actions to protect our interests. On March 24, 2010, we sent to the controlling shareholder the official letter approved by our executive committee, proposing that the matter be discussed at the BM&FBOVESPA Arbitration Chamber. In June 2010, we sent a settlement proposal to the Secretary of Treasury, which was denied, and on November 9, 2010, we filed a civil lawsuit against the State of São Paulo seeking full reimbursement of the amounts paid as benefits granted by Law No. 4,819/1958. Regardless of the civil lawsuit, we will continue to actively seek a settlement with the State government. Agreement with the State and the city of São Paulo On June 23, 2010 the State and the city of São Paulo executed an agreement in the form of a convênio, to which we and ARSESP consented, under which they agreed to manage the planning and investment for the basic sanitation system of the city of São Paulo on a joint basis. The principal terms of this convênio were as follows: the State and the city of São Paulo would execute a separate agreement with us, granting us exclusive rights to provide water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo; ARSESP would regulate and oversee our activities regarding water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo, including tariffs; a management committee (Comitê Gestor), consisting of six members appointed for two-year terms, with the State and the city of São Paulo given the right to appoint three members each, would be responsible for planning water and sewage services for the city and for reviewing our investment plans; and we may participate in management committee meetings but may not vote. In application of the convênio, we executed a separate contract with the State and the city of São Paulo, also dated June 23, 2010, to regulate the provision of these services for the following 30 years. The principal terms of this contract are as follows: The total investment stated in the contract must be equal to 13% of gross revenues from the provision of services to the city of São Paulo, net of the taxes on revenues. We must transfer 7.5% of the gross revenues obtained from providing sanitation services in the municipality of São Paulo and subtract (i) COFINS and PASEP taxes, and (ii) unpaid bills of publicly owned properties in the city of São Paulo, to the Municipal Fund for Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure (Fundo Municipal de Saneamento Ambiental e Infraestrutura), established by Municipal Law No. 14,934/2009. In April 2013, ARSESP postponed the application of such municipal charges based on a request from the São Paulo State Government to analyze, among other things, methods to reduce the impact on consumers. In May 2014 ARSESP maintained the suspension of Resolution 407/2013 until the results are obtained in the revision of the contract signed between us, the city and the State of São Paulo, thereby delaying the authorization to pass the charge through to consumers on the service bill. Our investment plan must be compatible with the sanitation plans of the State, the city of São Paulo and, if necessary, the Metropolitan region. 120 ARSESP will ensure that the tariffs will adequately compensate us for the services we provide and that tariffs may be adjusted in order to restore the original balance between each party’s obligations and economic gain (equilíbrio econômico financeiro). We currently have an investment plan in place that reflects our obligations under the convênio and addresses their compatibility with the sanitation plans of the State, the city of São Paulo and, if necessary, the São Paulo metropolitan region. The investment plan is not irrevocable and is reviewed every four years by our management committee. We draft a detailed work plan every two years, particularly with respect to the investments to be executed in the subsequent period. Dividends We regularly pay dividends to our shareholders, including the State of São Paulo. In the past, we have withheld part of the dividends to which the State was entitled in order to offset it against our pending receivables from the State. In accordance with our agreements with the State, we do not anticipate that we will withhold dividends to which the State was entitled in order to offset it against our pending receivables from the State in the near future. Government Guarantees of Financing In some situations, the federal government, the State or government agencies guarantee our performance under debt- and project-related agreements. Furthermore, the federal government has guaranteed, and the State has provided a counter-guarantee, in respect of the financial agreements we entered into with the IADB (i) in 1992 and 2000 for the total original aggregate amount of US$650.0 million related to the financing of the first and second phases of the Tietê River recovery project to reduce pollution; and (ii) in 2010 for the aggregate amount of US$600 million related to the financing of the third phase of the Tiête River project. The federal government has also guaranteed and the State of São Paulo has provided a counter-guarantee, in respect of the financial agreement we entered with the IBRD in the amount of US$100 million for the Water Source Program (Programa Mananciais). We also entered into credit agreements with JICA, which were guaranteed by the federal government, with counter-guarantee from the State of São Paulo, for the financing of (i) the Clean Wave Program for the Baixada Santista metropolitan region, on August 6, 2004, for an aggregate principal amount of ¥21,320 million; (ii) the second phase of the Clean Wave Program, in February 2011, for an aggregate principal amount of ¥19,169 million; (iii) the environmental improvement program in the basin of the Billings dam, in October 2010, for an aggregate principal amount of ¥6,208 million; and (iv) the Corporate Program for Water Loss Reduction, in February 2012, for an aggregate principal amount of ¥33,584 million. For more information on the aforementioned loans, see “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Sources—Indebtedness Financing”. Use of Reservoirs We currently use the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs, which are also used by another company controlled by the São Paulo State Government, based on a grant issued by the DAEE. We do not pay any fees with respect to the use of these reservoirs. We are, however, responsible for maintaining them and funding their operating costs. The State incurs no operating costs on our behalf. If these facilities were not available for our use, we would have to obtain water from more distant sources, which would be more costly. Agreements with Lower Tariffs We have entered into agreements with public entities, including State entities and municipalities, which manage approximately 7,014 properties. Under these agreements, these public entities pay a different tariff which is approximately 25.0% lower than the tariff that applies for the public entities that have not entered into these agreements, provided such entities implement our Program for Rational Use of Water (Programa de Uso Racional da Água – PURA), which has a fixed target for reduction or maintenance of water consumption, according to technical evaluations carried out by us. These agreements are valid for a 12-month term with automatic renewal for equal periods. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, if these entities fail to make any payment on a timely basis to us, we have the right to cancel the agreement, thereby revoking the 25.0% tariff reduction. 121 Personnel Assignment Agreement among Entities Related to the State Government We have personnel assignment agreements with entities related to the State Government, under which the expenses are fully passed on and monetarily reimbursed. The expenses related to personnel assigned by us to other state government entities in 2015, 2014 and 2013 amounted to R$10.5 million, R$9.7 million and R$12.9 million, respectively. The expenses related to personnel assigned by other entities to us totaled R$0.3 million in 2015, R$0.5 million in 2014, and R$1.0 million in 2013. Services Obtained from State Government Entities As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had an outstanding amount payable of R$2.2 million and R$1.6 million, respectively, for services rendered by São Paulo State government entities, including the supply of electric power by the Energy Company of São Paulo (Companhia Energética de São Paulo –CESP). Non-operating Assets We lend land, free of charge, to DAEE. Such non-operating assets totaled R$1.0 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. Transactions with SABESPREV Pension Fund SABESPREV is a pension fund we established to provide our employees with retirement and pension benefits. The assets of SABESPREV are independently held, but we nominate 50.0% of SABESPREV’s board of directors, including the chairman of the board, who has the deciding vote pursuant to the applicable legislation. Both we and our employees make contributions to SABESPREV pension plans. We contributed R$9.5 million, R$8.9 million and R$8.4 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, in the defined contribution plans and R$23.7 million, R$23.0 million and R$18.3 million, respectively, in the defined benefit plans. On May 29, 2001, a federal law was enacted which, among other provisions, limits the amount mixed capital companies, like us, may contribute to their pension plans. Specifically, the ordinary contributions made by us to our pension plans may not exceed the contributions made by the beneficiaries of these plans. Our original pension plan (the Defined Benefit Plan) has an actuarial deficit. We have commenced studies to manage this deficit and have also created a new, defined contribution plan, SABESPREV Mais. Our new plan was approved by Previc in June 2010, after which our old plan stopped accepting new members. Contributions to the new plan are also shared between plan members and Sabesp, and benefits are established based on the balance of the individual member’s account when payment on his or her benefit begins. This balance consists of contributions and profitability obtained when applying resources. We intended to have members of the old plan migrate their reserves to the new plan. This migration was interrupted by a judicial order as a result of proceedings brought by representative entities for our employees and ex-employees. In October 2010, the judge presiding over the case pronounced in an interim decision that people and reserves were not allowed to migrate between the plans until a further decision was made. This decision also prevents the plan from charging contributions to account for the deficit for those who remained covered by the original plan. In September 2012, the judge presiding over the case ordered a financial expert inspection and in early 2013 a financial expert was appointed to the case. The results of this inspection were unfavorable to the representative entities for our employees and ex-employees and in 2015 the proceeding was dismissed, revoking the interim decision made in October 2010. Compensation of Management The compensation paid by us to the members of our board of directors, board of executive officers and fiscal committee amounted to R$4.1 million, R$3.8 million and R$3.4 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and it refers to salaries and other short-term benefits management. An additional R$0.5 million, R$0.5 million and R$0.6 million related to the bonus program was accrued to executive officers in 2015, 2014 and 2013. 122 For further information on management compensation, see “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management—Compensation”. Loan agreement through credit facility We hold interests in some companies. Although we do not hold the majority of shares in any of the companies in which we hold interests, we are party to shareholders’ agreements which provide for the power of veto with regard to certain management proposals and decisions. Due our significant influence on these companies by way of shareholders’ agreements, for accounting purposes, these companies are accounted for by applying the equity method of accounting. We entered into a loan agreement through credit facility with the special purpose enterprises, or “SPEs”, Águas de Andradina S.A., Águas de Castilho S.A., Aquapolo Ambiental S.A. and Attend Ambiental S.A. to finance the operations of these companies, until the loans and financing required to banks are cleared. The contracts signed with SPEs Águas de Andradina S.A. and Águas de Castilho S.A. were settled. Other agreements signed with Aquapolo Ambiental S.A. on March 30, 2012 and Attend Ambiental on May 9, 2014, remain with the same features, according to the table below: Companies Attend Ambiental Aquapolo Ambiental Aquapolo Ambiental Total Credit limit Principal disbursed Interest balance Total 5,400 5,629 19,000 30,029 5,400 5,629 19,000 30,029 1,757 4,710 8,793 15,260 7,157 10,339 27,793 45,289 Interest rate SELIC + 3.5% p.a. CDI + 1.2% p.a. CDI + 1.2% p.a. Maturity (i) 04/30/2016 (ii) 10/30/2015 (ii) Loan for use agreement with Attend Ambiental has a mature date of 180 days, counted from the date of availability of the amount in the account of the borrower, renewable for the same period. The credit facility is overdue as of May 11, 2015 and is subject to contractual default charges, which include a monetary update considering the variation in the Market General Price Index (Índice Geral de Preços do Mercado, or IGP-M), 2% penalty fee and interest on arrears of 1% per month. This contract is currently being renegotiated among the parties. The loan agreement maturing on April 30, 2015, has been amended, extending its maturity to October 30, 2015. We are currently renegotiating with Aquapolo Ambiental S.A. the payment and maturity terms of both loan agreements. As a result of renegotiations, the amounts of R$30.0 million for principal and R$15.3 million for interest, which were recognized in current assets as “Other receivables”, were reclassified to noncurrent assets as “Other receivables”, until new payment terms are agreed upon. As of December 31, 2015, the balance of principal and interest of these contracts is R$45.3 million. In 2015, financial income was impacted by R$10.1 million. Pró-Conexão In 2012, the State of São Paulo approved a project to subsidize connections to the sewage system for low-income families. Initially intended to last 8 years, the project involves capital expenditures of up to R$349.5 million of which 80% will be provided by the State government and 20% by us. In this period we expect that this program will create 192 thousand new sewage connections benefiting approximately 800 thousand people. As of December 2015 we completed approximately 23 thousand sewage connections, of which 1,107 were completed in 2015, with total investments worth R$2.3 million. We believe that this program will increase the efficiency of our other sewage collection programs and help improve water quality in the region’s rivers and basins as well as improve quality of life for low-income families. C. Interests of Experts and Counsel 123 Not applicable. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information See “Item 3.A. Selected Financial Data” and “Item 18. Financial Statements”. Legal Proceedings We are currently subject to numerous legal proceedings relating to civil, tax, labor, corporate and environmental issues arising in the normal course of our business. Several individual disputes account for a significant part of the total amount of claims against us. Our audited financial statements only include provisions for probable and reasonably estimable losses and expenses we may incur in connection with pending proceedings. Our material legal proceedings are described in Note 19 to our audited financial statements included in this annual report, and that description is incorporated by reference under this Item. Civil Public Actions Related to Environmental Matters We are subject to administrative and judicial proceedings, including proceedings initiated by the Companhia Ambiental do Estado de Sao Paulo (CETESB), the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the State of São Paulo and non-governmental organizations. These proceedings result from alleged environmental damage and relief sought against us includes: (i) cessation of the release of raw sewage into certain local bodies of water; (ii) remedies, in some cases, for environmental damages that have not yet been specified and evaluated by the court’s technical experts; (iii) requirements to install and operate sewage treatment facilities in locations referred to in the civil public actions; and (iv) imposition of a limit on water extracted from the water springs most affected by the current water crisis. In certain cases, we are subject to daily fines for non-compliance. In our response to these lawsuits, we note that the installation and operation of sewage treatment facilities in locations referred to in the civil public actions is included in our investment plan. There have already been unfavorable judicial decisions against us and their effects may include: (i) investment in works or services not considered by our long-term investment plan; (ii) early execution of works or services that were considered for execution in future years in our long-term investment plan; (iii) payments related to environmental indemnification; and (iv) a negative impact on our image in national and international markets and in public bodies. Although we are not able to predict the final outcome of these lawsuits, we believe that the outcome, if unfavorable to us, may have a material adverse effect on us. We classify certain of these proceedings as probable loss and possible loss. As of December 31, 2015 we have provisioned R$82.6 million for the matters classified as probable losses. Other Legal Proceedings The Civil Entity Coordination Committee of Piracicaba on December 30, 2003 filed a civil public action against us, the National Water Agency and the State of São Paulo Treasury Department seeking, among other claims for relief: (i) the termination of use of 31 m3/s of water from one of the municipality’s reservoirs; (ii) the creation of a schedule to regulate water use and withdrawal from the Piracicaba river basin by the Cantareira system to eliminate possible damage to populations downstream; and (iii) the development of an environmental impact study on the Cantareira system evaluating the impact of water use and withdrawal on the various basins that constitute the system. In August 2012, this civil public action was decided favorably for us in two lower courts, and the plaintiff’s appeal to a higher court seeking special and extraordinary recourse was denied based on inadmissibility. We are currently awaiting a court decision on the action brought by the plaintiff against the decisions of inadmissibility cited. The amount involved in this proceeding as of December 31, 2015 is R$22.7 billion. We have assessed the risk of loss as remote, and accordingly have not made any provisions. The Public Prosecutor’s Office of the State of São Paulo on November 30, 2012 filed a civil public action against us seeking: (i) the nullification of the contract we entered with the Municipality of São Paulo on June 23, 2010 regarding the service of water supply and sewage services; (ii) our exclusion from BM&FBovespa’s Corporate Sustainability Index; and (iii) sewage treatment coverage of the entire Municipality of São Paulo by 2018. The plaintiff’s request for an injunction was denied, and the courts maintained this decision after we presented our defense. On November 18, 2014, the case was dismissed in the first instance, and the plaintiff then appealed this dismissal. We are currently waiting the court’s ruling on the appeal. The amount involved in these proceedings is R$14.5 billion as of December 31, 2015. We have assessed the risk of loss as remote, and accordingly have not made any provisions. 124 Dividends and Dividend Policy Amounts Available for Distribution At each annual shareholders’ meeting, the board of directors is required to recommend the allocation of net profits for the preceding fiscal year. For purposes of Brazilian Corporate Law, net profits are defined as net income after income tax and social contribution tax for such fiscal year, net of any accumulated losses from prior fiscal years and any amounts allocated to employees’ and management’s participation in our profits. In accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law, the amounts available for dividend distribution are the amounts equal to half of the net profit as increased or reduced by: the amount intended to form the legal reserve; and the amount intended to form the reserves for contingencies and any written-off amounts of the same reserves formed in previous fiscal years. We are required to maintain a legal reserve, to which we must allocate 5.0% of net profits for each fiscal year until the amount for such reserve equals 20.0% of our paid-in capital. However, we are not required to make any allocations to our legal reserve in respect of any fiscal year in which the aggregate amount of the legal reserve plus our other established capital reserves exceeds 30.0% of our capital. Net losses, if any, may be offset against the legal reserve. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 the balance of our legal reserve was R$785.0 million, R$758.1 million and R$713.0 million, respectively, which was equal to 7.8%, 12.2% and 11.5%, respectively, of our capital. Brazilian Corporate Law also provides for two discretionary allocations of net profits that are subject to approval by the shareholders at each annual shareholders’ meeting. First, a percentage of net profits may be allocated to a contingency reserve for anticipated losses that are deemed probable in future years. Any amount so allocated in a prior year must be either reversed in the fiscal year in which the loss was anticipated if such loss does not in fact occur, or written off in the event that the anticipated loss occurs. Second, if the mandatory distributable amount exceeds the sum of realized net profits in any given year, such excess may be allocated to an unrealized revenue reserve. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, realized net profits is defined as the amount of net profits that exceeds the net positive result of equity adjustments and profits or revenues from operations with financial results after the end of the next succeeding fiscal year. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, any company may authorize in its bylaws the creation of a discretionary reserve. Bylaws which authorize the allocation of a percentage of a company’s net income to the discretionary reserve must also indicate the purpose, criteria for allocation and maximum amount of the reserve. We may also allocate a portion of our net profits for discretionary allocations for plan expansion and other capital investment projects, the amount of which would be based on a capital budget previously presented by management and approved by our shareholders. Under Law No. 10,303/2001 of October 31, 2001, as amended, capital budgets for more than one year must be revised at each annual shareholders’ meeting. After completion of the relevant capital projects, we may retain the allocation until the shareholders vote to transfer all or a portion of the reserve to capital or retained earnings. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 we had an investment reserve of R$3,273.6 million, R$2,914.0 million and R$5,980.5 million, respectively. The amounts available for distribution may be further increased by a reversion of the contingency reserve for anticipated losses constituted in prior years but not realized. The amounts available for distribution are determined on the basis of our financial statements prepared in accordance with Brazilian GAAP. 125 The legal reserve is subject to approval by the shareholder vote at our annual shareholders’ meeting and may be transferred to capital but is not available for the payment of dividends in subsequent years. Mandatory Distribution Brazilian Corporate Law generally requires that the bylaws of each Brazilian corporation specify a minimum percentage of the amounts available for distribution by such corporation for each fiscal year that must be distributed to shareholders as dividends, also known as the mandatory distributable amount. Under our bylaws, the mandatory distributable amount has been fixed at an amount equal to not less than 25.0% of the amounts available for distribution, to the extent amounts are available for distribution at the end of each given fiscal year. The mandatory distribution is based on a percentage of adjusted net income, not lower than 25.0%, rather than a fixed monetary amount per share. Brazilian Corporate Law, however, permits a publicly held company, such as us, to suspend the mandatory distribution if the board of directors and the fiscal committee report to the shareholders’ meeting that the distribution would be inadvisable in view of the company’s financial condition. The suspension is subject to the approval of holders of common shares. In this case, the board of directors must file a justification for such suspension with the CVM. Profits not distributed by virtue of the suspension mentioned above shall be attributed to a special reserve and, if not absorbed by subsequent losses, must be paid as dividends as soon as the financial condition of such company permits such payments. Payment of Dividends We are required by Brazilian Corporate Law and by our bylaws to hold an annual shareholders’ meeting by the fourth month after the end of each fiscal year at which, among other things, the shareholders have to decide on the payment of an annual dividend when profits were accrued. The decision to distribute annual dividends is based on the financial statements prepared for the relevant fiscal year. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, dividends generally are required to be paid within 60 days following the date the dividend was declared, unless a shareholders’ resolution sets forth another date for payment, which, in either case, must occur prior to the end of the fiscal year in which the dividend was declared. A shareholder has a three year period from the dividend payment date to claim dividends (or interest payments on shareholders’ equity as described under “—Record of Dividend Payments and Interest on Shareholders’ Equity”) distributed on his or her shares, after which the amount of the unclaimed dividends reverts to us. The depositary will set the currency exchange date to be used for payments to ADS holders as soon as practicable upon receipt of those payments from us. Our bylaws allow us to pay interim dividends from preexisting and accumulated profits related to the current or preceding fiscal year. In general, shareholders who are not residents of Brazil must register with the Central Bank to have dividends, sales proceeds or other amounts with respect to their shares eligible to be remitted outside of Brazil. The common shares underlying our ADSs are held in Brazil by Banco Itaú Unibanco S.A., as the custodian and agent for the depositary, which is the registered owner of the common shares underlying the ADSs. Our current registrar is Banco Itaú Unibanco S.A. The depositary electronically registers the common shares underlying the ADSs with the Central Bank and, therefore, is able to have dividends, sales proceeds or other amounts with respect to these shares eligible to be remitted outside Brazil. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls”. Payments of cash dividends and distributions, if any, will be made in Brazilian reais to the custodian on behalf of the depositary, which will then convert such proceeds into U.S. dollars and will cause such U.S. dollars to be delivered to the depositary for distribution to holders of ADSs. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls”. Under current Brazilian law, dividends generally paid to shareholders who are not Brazilian residents, including holders of ADSs, will not be subject to Brazilian withholding income tax, except for dividends declared based on profits generated prior to December 31, 1995. See “Item 10.E. Taxation”. Record of Dividend Payments and Interest on Shareholders’ Equity Brazilian corporations are permitted to distribute dividends in the form of a tax-deductible notional interest expense on shareholders’ equity in accordance with Law No. 9,249/1995 of December 26, 1995, as amended. The amount of tax-deductible interest that may be paid is calculated by applying the daily pro rata variation of the government’s long-term interest rate (TJLP) on the shareholders’ equity during the relevant period and cannot exceed the greater of: 126 50.0% of net income (before taking into account such distribution and any deductions for income taxes and after taking into account any deductions for social contributions on net profits) for the period in respect of which the payment is made; or 50.0% of earnings reserves and retained earnings. Any payment of interest on shareholders’ equity to holders of ADSs or common shares, whether or not they are Brazilian residents, is subject to Brazilian withholding income tax at the rate of 15.0% or 25.0% if the beneficiary is resident in a low tax jurisdiction (tax haven). See “Item 10.E. Taxation”. The amount paid to shareholders as interest on shareholders’ equity, net of any withholding tax, may be included as part of the mandatory dividends distributable amount as prescribed in Brazilian Corporate Law. Dividends and interest on shareholders’ equity over the minimum established in a company’s bylaws are recognized when approved by the shareholders in the general meeting. Consequently, the amounts recognized as of December 31, 2015 correspond to the minimum established by law of 25.0% of the net income and the difference of R$149.9 million will be recorded in 2016 after the annual shareholders’ meeting. Distributions of dividends The following table sets forth the distributions of dividends that we made to our shareholders in respect of our 2015, 2014 and 2013 earnings. All these amounts distributed or to be distributed were or will be in the form of interest on shareholders’ equity. Aggregate amount distributed (in millions of reais) Payment Dates Payment per share 149.9 252.3 537.5 * June 29, 2015 June 27, 2014 0.22 0.37 0.79 Payment per ADS (in reais) 0.22 0.37 0.79 Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 We recorded dividends in the amount of R$127.4 million, which pursuant to our bylaws is our minimum dividend amount. The dividends will be paid until 60 days after the annual general meeting, which was held on April 29, 2016. Dividend Policy We intend to declare and pay dividends and/or interest on shareholders’ equity, as required by Brazilian Corporate Law and our bylaws. Our board of directors may approve the distribution of interest on shareholders’ equity, calculated based on our semiannual or quarterly financial statements. The declaration of dividends is annual, including dividends in excess of the mandatory distribution, and requires approval by the vote of the majority of the holders of our common shares. The amount of any distributions will depend on many factors, such as our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors and shareholders. Within the context of our tax planning, we may in the future continue to determine that it is in our best interest to distribute interest on shareholders’ equity. B. Significant Changes Other than as disclosed in this annual report, no significant change has occurred since the date of the audited financial statements included in this annual report. ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING 127 A. Offer and Listing Details Market Price of Common Shares Our common shares have been listed on the BM&FBOVESPA under the symbol “SBSP3” since June 4, 1997 and, starting on April 24, 2002, have been included in the Novo Mercado segment of that exchange. As of December 31, 2015, we had 4,185 registered holders of common shares. On April 30, 2007, our shareholders approved a reverse stock split of 125 common shares into one common share. Following a ratio change effected on January 24, 2013, each ADS currently represents one of our common shares. On April 22, 2013 our shareholders approved a stock split, following which each common share represented three new common shares. IFRS requires the retrospective application of earnings-per-share computations for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse splits. The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low closing sale prices in reais for common shares on the BM&FBOVESPA. The table also sets forth prices per ADS assuming that ADSs had been outstanding on all such dates and translated into U.S. dollars at the commercial market rate for the sale of U.S. dollars for each of the respective dates of such quotations. In addition, the table sets forth the average daily trading volume for our common shares. 2016 January February March April 2015 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2014 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2013 First quarter Second quarter(2) Third quarter Fourth quarter 2012 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2011 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Reais per common share U.S. dollar equivalent per ADS (1) Low High Low High Average daily trading volume 16.62 20.70 22.36 22.77 13.25 13.25 15.74 14.50 16.00 15.98 19.61 19.60 19.30 15.98 19.55 85.00 20.40 19.55 21.40 50.42 50.42 68.50 75.67 80.54 39.00 40.10 45.00 39.00 43.03 21.32 23.12 24.20 26.51 20.29 19.40 19.65 18.99 20.29 25.96 25.96 24.35 23.97 20.50 32.13 96.40 31.38 23.96 26.55 92.48 69.66 77.32 92.48 90.50 52.78 47.00 49.50 48.03 52.78 4.11 5.19 6.02 6.20 5.10 5.10 5.07 4.09 4.02 5.83 8.37 8.81 8.47 5.83 8.15 41.90 9.06 8.15 9.70 53.97 53.97 74.85 74.51 76.98 48.75 47.91 56.39 48.75 45.75 5.27 5.84 6.70 7.58 5.45 6.10 6.46 5.92 5.45 10.83 10.83 10.81 10.78 8.07 15.95 47.87 15.66 10.76 11.28 91.52 76.46 74.48 91.52 89.40 56.80 57.71 60.75 61.43 56.80 1,551,121 1,884,174 2,696,605 3,208,250 1,341,147 1,474,031 1,314,025 1,273,028 1,306,283 1,432,670 1,605,502 1,386,168 1,398,368 1,343,589 1,373,958 557,193 1,755,594 1,719,845 1,401,226 409,457 372,200 321,627 417,208 534,115 258,827 282,548 267,042 245,275 241,197 (1) Following a ratio change effected on January 24, 2013, each ADS represents one common shares. (2) After April 22, 2013 our common shares are traded considering the stock split. Market Price of ADSs 128 Our ADSs, each of which represents one of our common shares, as of the date of this annual report, are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “SBS”. Prior to June 8, 2007, each ADS represented 250 of our common shares. From that date through January 23, 2013, each ADS represented two of our common shares. Following a ratio change effected on January 24, 2013, each ADS currently represents one of our common shares. On April 22, 2013 our shareholders approved a stock split, following which each common share represented three new common shares. Our ADSs began trading on the NYSE on May 10, 2002 in connection with the initial offering of our equity securities in the United States. The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low closing prices for our ADSs on the NYSE. Price in U.S. dollars per ADS Low High Average daily trading volume 2016 January February March April 2015 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2014 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2013 First quarter(1) Second quarter(2) Third quarter Fourth quarter 2012 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2011 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 4.07 5.11 5.72 6.12 3.57 4.86 5.00 3.57 3.88 5.86 8.39 8.86 8.11 5.86 41.60 9.33 8.38 9.76 41.60 56.62 56.62 68.90 74.49 78.16 46.35 48.60 56.91 46.35 46.74 5.31 5.81 6.64 7.64 6.56 6.39 6.56 5.93 5.38 10.93 10.83 10.93 10.86 8.56 48.63 15.88 10.82 11.45 48.63 91.48 76.86 80.18 91.48 88.35 62.63 58.74 62.63 62.07 56.66 1,763,648 1,899,861 2,514,464 4,177,490 2,300,672 2,987,516 2,212,398 2,299,456 1,734,132 2,554,714 2,781,129 2,281,039 2,197,585 2,965,438 490,280 1,649,436 2,055,875 1,725,844 490,280 311,242 325,938 328,410 316,824 321,333 263,370 297,927 284,122 263,200 215,152 (1) After January 23, 2013 our common shares have traded considering the ratio change. On April 22, 2013 our shareholders approved a stock split, following which each common share represented three new common shares. (2) After April 29, 2013 our ADSs are traded considering the stock split. B. Plan of Distribution Not applicable. C. Markets 129 Trading on the Brazilian Stock Exchange The preferred shares and common shares are traded on the BM&FBovespa, the only Brazilian stock exchange that trades shares. Trading on the BM&FBovespa is limited to brokerage firms and a limited number of authorized entities. The CVM and BM&FBovespa have discretionary authority to suspend trading in shares of a particular issuer under certain circumstances. Trading on the BM&FBOVESPA is conducted between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. or from 11:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (during daylight savings time in Brazil). The BM&FBOVESPA also permits trading from 5:30 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. or from 6:30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. (during daylight savings time in Brazil) during a different trading period called the “after market”. Trading during aftermarket is subject to regulatory limits on price volatility and on the volume of shares transacted through internet brokers. In order to maintain better quality control over the fluctuation of its index, BM&FBOVESPA has adopted a “circuit breaker” system pursuant to which trading sessions are suspended (i) for a period of 30 minutes whenever the index of this stock exchange falls more than 10% from the index registered for the previous day; (ii) for one hour if the index of this stock exchange falls 15% or more from the index registered for the previous day, after the reopening of trading; and (iii) for a certain period of time to be defined by the BM&FBovespa, if the index of this stock exchange falls 20% or more from the index registered for the previous day, after the reopening of trading. The minimum and maximum price is based on a reference price for each asset, which will be the previous session’s closing quote, when considering the asset at the beginning of the day before the first trade, or the price of the day’s first trade. The asset’s reference price will be altered during the session if there is an auction sparked by the intraday limit being breached. In this case the reference price will become whatever results from the auction. BM&FBOVESPA settles the sale of shares three business days after they have taken place, without monetary adjustment of the purchase price. The shares are paid for and delivered through a settlement agent affiliated with the BM&FBOVESPA. The BM&FBOVESPA performs multilateral compensation for both the financial obligations and the delivery of shares. According to the BM&FBOVESPA’s regulations, financial settlement is carried out by the Central Bank’s reserve transfer system. The securities are transferred by the BM&FBOVESPA’s custody system. Both delivery and payment are final and irrevocable. Trading on the BM&FBOVESPA is significantly less liquid than trading on the NYSE or other major exchanges in the world. Although any of the outstanding shares of a listed company may trade on the BM&FBOVESPA, in most cases fewer than half of the listed shares are actually available for trading by the public, the remainder being held by a controlling group or by government entities. Trading on the BM&FBOVESPA by a holder not deemed to be domiciled in Brazil for Brazilian tax and regulatory purposes, or a “non-Brazilian holder,” is subject to certain limitations under Brazilian foreign investment regulations. With limited exceptions, non-Brazilian holders may trade on Brazilian stock exchanges in accordance with the requirements of CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014, which requires that securities held by non-Brazilian holders be maintained in the custody of financial institutions authorized by the Central Bank and by the CVM or in deposit accounts with financial institutions. In addition, Resolution No. 4,373/2014 requires non-Brazilian holders to restrict their securities trading to transactions on the BM&FBOVESPA or qualified over-the-counter markets. With limited exceptions, non-Brazilian holders may not transfer the ownership of investments made under Resolution No. 4,373/2014 to other non-Brazilian holders through a private transaction. See “Item 10.E. Taxation—Brazilian Tax Considerations—Taxation of Gains” for a description of certain tax benefits extended to non-Brazilian holders who qualify under Resolution No. 4,373/2014. The Novo Mercado Segment Since April 24, 2002, our common shares have been listed on the Novo Mercado segment of the BM&FBOVESPA. The Novo Mercado is a listing segment designed for the trading of shares issued by companies that voluntarily undertake to abide by some additional corporate governance practices and disclosure requirements in addition to those already required under Brazilian law. A company in the Novo Mercado must follow good practices of corporate governance. These rules generally increase shareholders’ rights and enhance the quality of information provided to shareholders. On April 18, 2002, June 19, 2006, and April 23, 2012, our shareholders approved changes to our bylaws to comply with the Novo Mercado requirements. In addition, the Novo Mercado provides for the creation of a Market Arbitration Chamber for conflict resolution between investors and companies listed in the Novo Mercado. 130 In addition to the obligations imposed by current Brazilian law, a company listed on the Novo Mercado is obligated to: maintain only voting shares; hold public offerings of shares in a manner favoring diversification of the company’s shareholder base and broader access to retail investors; maintain a minimum free float of at least 25.0% of the outstanding capital stock of the company; grant tag along rights for all shareholders in connection with a transfer of control of the company; limit the term of all members of the board of directors to two years; ensure that at least 20.0% of the members of the board of directors are independent, as defined under the Novo Mercado regulation; prepare annual financial statements, including cash flow statements, in compliance with U.S. GAAP or IFRS or reconciled from Brazilian GAAP to U.S. GAAP or IFRS; disclose information on a quarterly basis, including share ownership of certain of our employees and directors and amount of free float of shares; hold a tender offer by the company’s controlling shareholder (the minimum price of the shares to be offered will be determined by an appraisal process) if it elects to delist from the Novo Mercado; and make greater disclosure of related party transactions. On May 10, 2011, the Novo Mercado rules were revised and currently establish the following additional obligations: the chairman of the board of directors is prohibited from simultaneously holding the position of chief executive officer; the board of directors must disclose its opinion on takeover proposals within 15 days from the presentation of the proposal; and the company must have a securities purchase policy and a code of ethics. Regulation of Brazilian Securities Markets The Brazilian securities markets are principally governed by Law No. 6,385/1976 of December 7, 1976, and Brazilian Corporate Law, each as amended and supplemented, and by regulations issued by the CVM, which has regulatory authority over the stock exchanges and securities markets generally, by the CMN, and by the Central Bank, which has licensing authority over brokerage firms and regulates foreign investment and foreign exchange transactions. These laws and regulations, among others, provide for disclosure requirements applicable to issuers of traded securities, protection of minority shareholders and criminal penalties for insider trading and price manipulation. They also provide for licensing and oversight of brokerage firms and governance of the Brazilian stock exchanges. Nevertheless, the Brazilian securities markets are not as highly regulated and supervised as the U.S. securities markets. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, a company is either public (companhia aberta), such as we are, or closely held (companhia fechada). All public companies, including us, are registered with the CVM and are subject to reporting requirements. A company registered with the CVM may have its securities traded on the Brazilian stock exchanges or in the Brazilian over-the-counter market. Our common shares are listed and traded on the BM&FBOVESPA and may be traded privately subject to some limitations. 131 To be listed on a Brazilian stock exchange a company must apply for registration with the CVM and the stock exchange where the head office of the company is located. We have the option to ask that trading in our securities on the BM&FBOVESPA be suspended in anticipation of a material announcement. Trading may also be suspended on the initiative of the BM&FBOVESPA or the CVM, among other reasons, based on or due to a belief that a company has provided inadequate information regarding a material event or has provided inadequate responses to the inquiries by the CVM or the São Paulo Stock Exchange. The Brazilian over-the-counter market consists of direct trades between individuals in which a financial institution registered with the CVM serves as intermediary. No special application, other than registration with the CVM, is necessary for securities of a public company to be traded in this market. The CVM requires that it be given notice of all trades carried out in the Brazilian over-the-counter market by the respective intermediaries. Trading on the BM&FBOVESPA by non-residents of Brazil is subject to limitations under Brazilian foreign investment and tax legislation. The Brazilian custodian for our common shares underlying the ADSs must, on behalf of the depositary for our ADSs, obtain registration from the Central Bank to remit U.S. dollars abroad for payments of dividends, any other cash distributions, or upon the disposition of the shares and sales proceeds thereto. In the event that a holder of ADSs exchanges ADSs for common shares, the holder will be entitled to continue to rely on the custodian’s registration for five business days after the exchange. Thereafter, the holder may not be able to obtain and remit U.S. dollars abroad upon the disposition of our common shares, or distributions relating to our common shares, unless the holder obtains a new registration. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls”. D. Selling Shareholders Not applicable. E. Dilution Not applicable. F. Expenses of the Issue Not applicable. ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION A. Share Capital Not applicable. B. Memorandum and Articles of Association The following is a summary of the material terms of our common shares, including related provisions of our bylaws and Brazilian Corporate Law. This description is qualified by reference to our bylaws and to Brazilian law. Corporate Purposes We are a mixed capital company (sociedade de economia mista) of unlimited duration, incorporated on September 6, 1973, with limited liability, duly organized and operating under Brazilian Corporate Law. As set forth in Article 2 of our bylaws, our corporate purpose is to render basic sanitation services, aimed at the universalization of basic sanitation in the state of São Paulo without harming our long-term financial sustainability. Our activities comprise water supply, sanitary sewage services, urban rainwater management and drainage services, urban cleaning services, solid waste management services and related activities, including the planning, operation, maintenance and commercialization of energy, and the commercialization of services, products, benefits and rights that directly or indirectly arise from our assets, operations and activities. We are allowed to act, in a subsidiary form, in other Brazilian locations and abroad. 132 Directors’ Powers Although our bylaws contain no specific provisions regarding a director or executive officer’s power to vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract in which that director has a material interest, under Brazilian Corporate Law, a director or an executive officer is prohibited from voting in any meeting or with respect to any transaction in which that director or executive officer has a conflict of interest with the company and must disclose the nature and extent of the conflicting interest to be recorded in the minutes of the meeting. In any case, a director or an executive officer may not transact any business with the company, including any borrowing, except on reasonable or fair terms and conditions that are identical to the terms and conditions prevailing in the market or offered by third parties. Under our bylaws, our shareholders are responsible for establishing the compensation we pay to the members of our board of directors, members of the fiscal committee and the executive officers. Pursuant to Brazilian Corporate Law, each member of our board of executive officers must be a resident in Brazil. Our bylaws do not establish any mandatory retirement age limit. See also “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management”. Description of Common Shares General Each common share entitles the holder thereof to one vote at our annual or special shareholders’ meetings. Brazilian Corporate Law requires that all our shareholders’ meetings be called by publication of a notice in the Diário Oficial do Estado de São Paulo, the official government publication of the State of São Paulo, and in a newspaper of general circulation in our principal place of business, currently the city of São Paulo, at least fifteen days prior to the meeting. In addition, the CVM may also require the first call for a shareholders’ meeting to be up to 30 days before such shareholders’ meeting. The quorum to hold shareholders’ meetings on first call requires the attendance of shareholders, either in person or by proxy, representing at least 25.0% of the shares entitled to vote and, on second call, the meetings can be held with the attendance of shareholders, also either in person or by proxy, representing any number of shares entitled to vote. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, our common shares are entitled to dividends or other distributions made in respect of our common shares in proportion to their share of the amount available for the dividend or distribution. See “Item 8A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends and Dividend Policy” for a more complete description of payment of dividends and other distributions on our common shares. In addition, upon any liquidation of our Company, our common shares are entitled to our remaining capital after paying our creditors in proportion to their ownership interest in us. In principle, a change in shareholder rights, such as the reduction of the compulsory minimum dividend, is subject to a favorable vote of the shareholders representing at least one half of our voting shares. Under some circumstances that may result in a change in the shareholder rights, such as the creation of preferred shares, Brazilian Corporate Law requires the approval of a majority of the shareholders who would be adversely affected by the change attending a special meeting called for such reason. It should be emphasized, however, that our by-laws expressly prevents us from issuing preferred shares. Brazilian Corporate Law specifies other circumstances where a dissenting shareholder may also have appraisal rights. According to Brazilian Corporate Law, neither a company’s bylaws nor actions taken at a general meeting of shareholders may deprive a shareholder of certain rights, such as: the right to participate in the distribution of profits; the right to participate equally and ratably in any remaining residual assets in the event of liquidation of the company; 133 the right to supervise the management of the corporate business as specified in Brazilian Corporate Law; the right to preemptive rights in the event of a subscription of shares, debentures convertible into shares or subscription bonuses (except in some specific circumstances under Brazilian law); and the right to withdraw from the company in the cases specified in Brazilian Corporate Law. Pursuant to Brazilian Corporate Law and our bylaws, each of our common shares carries the right to one vote at our shareholders’ meetings. We may not restrain or deny that right without the consent of the holders of a majority of the shares affected. Neither Brazilian Corporate Law nor our bylaws expressly addresses: staggered terms for directors; cumulative voting, except as described below; or measures that could prevent a takeover attempt. However, under the laws of the State of São Paulo, the State is required to own at least a majority of our outstanding common shares. According to Brazilian Corporate Law and its regulations, shareholders representing at least 10 percent of our capital, may request that a multiple voting procedure be adopted to entitle each share to as many votes as there are board members and to give each shareholder the right to vote cumulatively for only one candidate or to distribute their votes among several candidates. Pursuant to Brazilian Corporate Law, shareholder action must be taken at a shareholders meeting, duly called for and not by written consent. In addition, shareholders owning at least 15.0% of the capital may request the right to elect, separately a member of the Board of Directors. Preemptive Rights Each of our shareholders has a general preemptive right to subscribe for shares or securities convertible into shares in any capital increase, in proportion to his or her ownership interest in us, except in the event of the grant and exercise of any option to acquire shares of our capital stock. The preemptive rights are valid for a 30-day period from the publication of the announcement of the capital increase. Shareholders are also entitled to sell this preemptive right to third parties. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, we may amend our bylaws to eliminate preemptive rights or to reduce the exercise period in connection with a public offering of shares or an exchange offer made to acquire another company. In the event of a capital increase by means of the issuance of new shares, holders of ADSs, or of common shares, would, except under circumstances described above, have preemptive rights to subscribe for any class of our newly issued shares. However, an ADS holder may not be able to exercise the preemptive rights relating to the common shares underlying his or her ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to those rights or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Common Shares and ADSs—A holder of our common shares and ADSs might be unable to exercise preemptive rights and tag-along rights with respect to the common shares”. Redemption and Rights of Withdrawal Brazilian Corporate Law provides that, under limited circumstances, a shareholder has the right to withdraw his or her equity interest from the company and to receive payment for the portion of shareholder’s equity attributable to his or her equity interest. This right of withdrawal may be exercised by dissenting our shareholders in the event that at least half of all voting shares outstanding authorize us: to reduce the mandatory distribution of dividends; 134 to merge into another company or to consolidate with another company, subject to the conditions set forth in Brazilian Corporate Law; to participate in a centralized group of companies, as defined under Brazilian Corporate Law and subject to the conditions set forth therein; to change our corporate purpose; to split up, subject to the conditions set forth in Brazilian Corporate Law; creating preferred shares or increasing an existing class of preferred shares without maintaining the existing ratio with the remaining class of preferred shares, unless when already set forth in or authorized by the bylaws; to transform into another type of company; to transfer all of our shares to another company or to receive shares of another company in order to make the company whose shares are transferred a wholly owned subsidiary of such company, known as incorporação de ações; or to acquire control of another company at a price which exceeds the limits set forth in Brazilian Corporate Law. The right of withdrawal lapses 30 days after publication of the minutes of the shareholders’ meeting that approved a corporate action described above. We would be entitled to reconsider any action giving rise to withdrawal rights within 10 days following the expiration of such rights if the withdrawal of shares of dissenting shareholders would jeopardize our financial condition. Brazilian Corporate Law allows companies to redeem their shares at their economic value, subject to the provisions of their bylaws and certain other requirements. Our bylaws currently do not provide that our capital stock will be redeemable at its economic value and, consequently, any redemption pursuant to Brazilian Corporate Law would be made based on the book value per share, determined on the basis of the last balance sheet approved by the shareholders. However, if a shareholders’ meeting giving rise to redemption rights occurred more than 60 days after the date of the last approved balance sheet, a shareholder would be entitled to demand that his or her shares be valued on the basis of a new balance sheet dated within 60 days of such shareholders’ meeting. In addition, the rights of withdrawal in the third, fourth and eighth bullet points above may not be exercised by holders of shares if such shares (i) are liquid, defined as being part of the BM&FBOVESPA index or other stock exchange index (as defined by the CVM), and (ii) are widely held, such that the controlling shareholder or companies it controls have less than 50.0% of our shares. Our common shares are included on the BM&FBOVESPA index. This right of withdrawal may also be exercised in the event that the entity resulting from a stock merger as described above, consolidation or spin-off of a listed company fails to become a listed company within 120 days of the shareholders’ meeting at which such transaction was approved. We may cancel the right of withdrawal if the payment amount has a material adverse effect on our finances. Conversion Right Not applicable because our capital stock is only comprised of common shares. Special and General Meetings Unlike the laws governing corporations incorporated under the laws of the United States’ state of Delaware, the Brazilian corporate law does not allow shareholders to approve matters by written consent obtained as a response to a consent solicitation procedure. All matters subject to approval by the shareholders must be approved in a general meeting, duly convened pursuant to the provisions of Brazilian corporate law. Shareholders may be represented at a shareholders’ meeting by attorneys-in-fact who are (i) shareholders of the corporation, (ii) a Brazilian attorney, (iii) a member of management or (iv) a financial institution. 135 General shareholders’ meetings shall be called, convened and deliberated under Brazilian Corporate Law to address all matters of interest to the company. General shareholders’ meetings may be called by publication of a notice in the Diário Oficial do Estado de São Paulo and in a newspaper of general circulation in our principal place of business, and the first call should be made at least 15 days prior to the meeting. In our case, the first call is made 30 days in advance due the issuance of ADRs, as recommended by the CVM. The second call should be made at least 8 days in advance, if quorum is not reached, pursuant to the Brazilian Corporate Law”. At duly called and convened meetings, our shareholders are empowered to take any action regarding our business. Shareholders have the exclusive right, during our annual shareholders’ meetings required to be hold within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year, to approve our financial statements and to determine the allocation of our net income and the distribution of dividends related to the fiscal year immediately preceding the meeting. The members of our board of directors are generally elected at annual shareholders’ meetings. However, according to Brazilian corporate law, they can also be elected at extraordinary shareholders’ meetings. At the request of shareholders holding a sufficient number of shares, a fiscal committee can be established and its members elected at any shareholders’ meeting. A special shareholders’ meeting may be held concurrently with the annual shareholders’ meeting and at other times during the year. Our shareholders may take the following actions, among others, exclusively at shareholders’ meetings: election and dismissal of the members of our board of directors and our fiscal committee, if the shareholders have requested the setup of the latter; approval of the aggregate compensation of the members of our board of directors and board of executive officers, as well as the compensation of the members of the fiscal committee, if one has been established; amendment of our bylaws; approval of our merger, consolidation or spin-off; approval of our dissolution or liquidation, as well as the election and dismissal of liquidators and the approval of their accounts; granting stock awards and approval of stock splits or reverse stock splits; approval of stock option plans for our management and employees, as well as for the management and employees of other companies directly or indirectly controlled by us; approval, in accordance with the proposal submitted by our board of directors, of the distribution of our net income and payment of dividends; authorization to delist from the Novo Mercado and to become a private company, except if the cancellation is due to a breach of the Novo Mercado regulations by management, and to retain a specialized firm to prepare a valuation report with respect to the value of our shares, in any such events; approval of our management accounts and our financial statements; approval of any primary public offering of our shares or securities convertible into our shares; and deliberate upon any matter submitted by the board of directors. 136 Limitations on Rights to Own Securities There are no limitations under Brazilian law and our bylaws on the rights of non-residents or foreign shareholders to own securities, including the rights of such non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights. Equal Treatment Provisions Pursuant to article 40 of our bylaws and the Novo Mercado regulations, any party that acquires our control must extend a tender offer for the shares held by non-controlling shareholders at the same conditions and purchase price paid to the controlling shareholder. In addition, State Law No. 119/1973, which created our Company, requires the State to hold the majority of our shares at all times. Reserves General The Brazilian Corporate Law provides that all discretionary allocations of “adjusted income” are subject to shareholder approval and may be added to capital or distributed as dividends in subsequent years. In the case of our capital reserve and the legal reserve, they are also subject to shareholder approval; however, the use of their respective balances is restricted to being added to capital or absorbed by losses. They cannot be used as a source for income distribution to shareholders. Capital Reserve Our capital reserve is comprised of tax incentives and donations from government agencies and private entities received through December 31, 2007. The amount of R$124.3 million referring to the balance of December 2013 was fully capitalized in 2014. Investment Reserve Our investment reserve is comprised specifically of internal funds for expansion of water and sewage service systems. As of December 31, 2015, we had an investment reserve of R$3,273.6 million. Legal Reserve Under Brazilian Corporate Law, we are required to record a legal reserve to which we must allocate 5% of the adjusted net income each year until the amount of the reserve equals 20.0% of paid-in capital. Any accumulated deficit may be charged against the legal reserve. As of December 31, 2015, the balance of our legal reserve was R$785.0 million. Arbitration In connection with our listing with the Novo Mercado segment of the BM&FBOVESPA, we, our shareholders, directors and officers have undertaken to refer to arbitration any and all disputes or controversies arising out of the Novo Mercado rules or any other corporate matters. See “Item 9.C. Markets”. Under our bylaws, any dispute among us, our shareholders and our management with respect to the application of Novo Mercado rules, Brazilian Corporate Law, the application of the rules and regulations regarding Brazilian capital markets, will be resolved by arbitration conducted pursuant to the BM&FBOVESPA Arbitration Rules in the Market Arbitration Chamber. Any dispute among shareholders, including holders of ADSs, and any dispute between us and shareholders, including holders of ADSs, will also be submitted to arbitration. Options There are currently no outstanding options to purchase any of our common shares. C. Material Contracts 137 For a description of the material contracts entered into by the State and us, see “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions—Transactions with the State of São Paulo—Agreements with the State”. D. Exchange Controls The right to convert dividend or interest payments and proceeds from the sale of shares into foreign currency and to remit such amounts outside Brazil is subject to restrictions under foreign investment legislation which generally requires, among other things, that the relevant investments have been registered with the Central Bank and the CVM. Such restrictions on the remittance of foreign capital abroad may hinder or prevent the custodian for our common shares represented by our ADSs or the holders of our common shares from converting dividends, distributions or the proceeds from any sale of these shares into U.S. dollars and remitting the U.S. dollars abroad. Holders of our ADSs could be adversely affected by delays in, or refusal to grant any, required government approval to convert Brazilian currency payments on the common shares underlying our ADS and to remit the proceeds abroad. Accordingly, the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by ADR holders outside Brazil are not subject to Brazilian foreign investment controls, and holders of the ADSs are entitled to favorable tax treatment under certain circumstances. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Common Shares and ADSs—Investors who exchange ADSs for common shares may lose their ability to remit foreign currency abroad and to obtain Brazilian tax advantages” and “Item 10.E. Taxation—Brazilian Tax Considerations”. Since March 30, 2015, CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014, of September 29, 2014, has been in full effect, providing for the issuance of depositary receipts in foreign markets in respect to shares of Brazilian issuers. The CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014, among other acts, revoked CMN Resolution No. 1,927/1992, of May 18, 1992, CMN Resolution No. 1,289/1987, of March 20, 1987, and CMN Resolution No. 2,689/2000, of January 26, 2000. Under Brazilian law relating to foreign investment in the Brazilian capital markets, foreign investors registered with the CVM and acting through authorized custodial accounts managed by local agents may buy and sell shares on Brazilian stock exchanges without obtaining separate certificates of registration for each transaction. Foreign investors may register their investment under Law No. 4,131/1962, of September 3, 1962, as amended, or under CMN Resolution No. 4,373, of September 20, 2014. The Law No. 4,131/1962 is the main legislation concerning investment of direct foreign capital and foreign direct equity in companies based in Brazil. It is applicable to any amount of capital that enters Brazil in the form of foreign currency, goods or services. Foreign investment portfolios are regulated by CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014, CVM Instruction No. 559/2015, of March 27, 2015, which regulates the approval of ADR programs by the CVM, and CVM Instruction No. 560/2015, of March 27, 2015, which regulates the filing of transactions and disclosure of information by foreign investors, all reflecting the provisions of CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014. As of January 1, 2016, foreign investors that intend to be registered with the CVM shall fulfill the requirements under CVM Instruction No. 560/2015. In accordance with CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014 the definition of a foreign investor includes individuals, legal entities, mutual funds and other collective investment entities, domiciled or headquartered abroad. In order to become a 4,373 Holder, a foreign investor must: appoint at least one representative in Brazil, with powers to perform actions relating to its investment; appoint an authorized custodian in Brazil for its investments, which must be a financial institution or entity duly authorized by the Central Bank or CVM; appoint a tax representative in Brazil; through its representative in Brazil, register itself as a foreign investor with the CVM; through its representative in Brazil, register its foreign investment with the Central Bank; and be registered with the Federal Tax Authority (Secretaria da Receita Federal), or the “RFB”, pursuant to RFB Normative Instruction No. 1,470/2014, of May 30, 2014, and RFB Normative Instruction No. 1,548/2015, of February 13, 2015. 138 E. Taxation This summary contains a description of certain Brazilian and U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of common shares or ADSs by a holder. The summary is based upon the tax laws of Brazil and the federal income tax laws of the United States as in effect on the date of this annual report, which laws are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, regarding the U.S. federal income tax, and to differing interpretations. Holders of common shares or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors as to the Brazilian, U.S. or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of common shares or ADSs, including, in particular, the effect of any non-Brazilian, non-U.S., state or local tax laws. Although there presently is no income tax treaty between Brazil and the United States, the tax authorities of the two countries have had discussions in the past regarding such a treaty. No assurance can be given, however, as to if or when a treaty will enter into force or how it will affect the U.S. holders of common shares or ADSs. Brazilian Tax Considerations The following discussion summarizes the principal Brazilian tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares or ADSs by a holder that is not domiciled in Brazil for purposes of Brazilian taxation (a “non-Brazilian holder”). It is based on Brazilian laws and regulations as currently in effect, and, therefore, any change in such law may change the consequences described below. Each non-Brazilian holder should consult his or her own tax adviser concerning the Brazilian tax consequences of an investment in common shares or ADSs. A non-Brazilian holder of ADSs may withdraw them in exchange for common shares in Brazil. Pursuant to Brazilian law, the non-Brazilian holder may invest in the common shares under CMN Resolution 4,373/2014, as a 4,373 Holder. Taxation of Dividends As a result of the tax legislation adopted on December 26, 1995, dividends based on profits generated after January 1, 1996, including dividends paid in kind, payable by us in respect of common shares or ADSs, are exempt from withholding income tax. Dividends relating to profits generated prior to January 1, 1996 may be subject to Brazilian withholding income tax at varying rates, depending on the year the profits were generated. Beginning in 2008, the Brazilian accounting rules were significantly modified in order to align them with IFRS. After the issuance of such new rules, a transitory tax regime (regime tributário de transição), or RTT, was created mainly to ensure neutrality of the new accounting rules in connection with the calculation and payment of corporate taxes on income. Thus, according to the RTT, Brazilian companies had, only for purposes of calculation of their taxable profit, to use the accounting rules and criteria that existed until December 2007. As a result of the application of the RTT, the accounting profit of a Brazilian company might be significantly higher (or lower) than its taxable profit. Although this specific matter has not been expressly regulated by law, the Brazilian tax authorities issued a normative instruction stating that the amount of dividends paid in excess of the profit of a company determined as per the accounting rules and criteria that existed until December 2007 should be subject to taxation. On April 14, 2014, Law No. 12,973 was issued to, among other, terminate the Transitory Regime (RTT) and regulate how corporate taxable income should be assessed taking as a starting point the accounting profit calculated according to the new accounting rules introduced as from 2008. Such Law states that dividends related to all accounting profits generated between January 2008 and 31 December 2013 in excess of the established methods and criteria in force in 31 December, 2007, are not subject to withholding tax, and does not integrate the calculation of income tax and social contribution. With reference to 2014, the law is not clear, but tax authorities state that dividends paid in excess of the profit of a company determined as per the accounting rules and criteria that existed until December 2007 should be subject to withholding income tax at the rate of 15%, or 25% if the non-Brazilian holder is domiciled in a country or location that does not impose income tax or where the maximum income tax rate is lower than 20% (“Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction”). As of 2015, in view of the termination of the RTT, there would be no differences between the accounting and the taxable profit, so that dividends generated since 2015 should be fully paid with no Brazilian withholding tax implications. 139 Taxation of Gains Gains realized on disposition of common shares are subject to income tax in Brazil, regardless of whether the sale or the disposition is made by a non-Brazilian holder to a resident or person domiciled in Brazil. This is due to the fact that the common shares can be considered assets located in Brazil for purposes of Law No. 10,833/2003. Thus, gains, for purposes of taxation of gains earned in a sale or disposition of common shares carried out on a Brazilian stock exchange (which includes transactions carried out on the organized over-the-counter market): are exempt from income tax when assessed on a non-Brazilian holder that (1) has registered its investment in Brazil with the Central Bank under the rules of CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014, and (2) is not a resident of or domiciled in a Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction; or in all other cases, including gains realized by a Non-Resident Holder that is not a 4,373 Holder and/or is a resident of or domiciled in a Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction, subject to income tax at a 15.0% rate. In these cases, a withholding income tax at a rate of 0.005% will be applied and can later be offset with the eventual income tax due on the capital gain. Any other gains assessed on the disposition of the common shares that are not carried out on the Brazilian stock exchange are subject to income tax at a rate of 15%, except for Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction, which, in this case, would be subject to income tax at a rate of 25%. Law No. 13.259 of March 17, 2016 increased the income tax rates applicable to gains derived by Brazilian individuals up to 22.5% and, such increase, applicable as of January 2017, may also affect non-Brazilian Holders. Non- Brazilian Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the consequences of Law 13.259/2016. In case these gains are related to transactions conducted on the Brazilian non-organized over-the-counter market with intermediation, the withholding income tax of 0.005% shall also be applicable and can be offset with the eventual income tax due on the capital gain. For Brazilian purposes, as of January 2009, a Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction is considered a regime: (i) which does not impose income tax or does so at a rate of 20% or lower, or (ii) where applicable local legislation imposes restrictions on the disclosure of the shareholding composition or the ownership of investments, or on the ultimate beneficiary of the income derived from transactions carried out and attributable to a non-Brazilian holder. See “—Discussion on Low or Nil Taxation Jurisdictions”. In the case of redemption of securities or capital reduction by a Brazilian corporation, such as ourselves, the positive difference between the amount effectively received by the non-Brazilian holder and the corresponding acquisition cost is treated, for tax purposes, as capital gain derived from disposition of common shares not carried out on a Brazilian stock exchange market, and is therefore subject to income tax at the rate of 15% or 25%, as the case may be. Any exercise of preemptive rights relating to the common shares will not be subject to Brazilian income tax. Any gain on the sale or assignment of preemptive rights relating to the common shares by a non-Brazilian holder of common shares or ADSs will be subject to Brazilian taxation at the same rate applicable to the sale or disposition of common shares. There is no assurance that the current preferential treatment for holders of ADSs and non-Brazilian holders of common shares under CMN Resolution No. 4,373/2014 will continue in the future or that it will not be changed in the future. Reductions in the rate of tax provided for by Brazil’s tax treaties do not apply to the tax on gains realized on sales or exchange of common shares. Sale of ADSs by non-Brazilian holder to another non-Brazilian holder Gains realized outside Brazil by a non-Brazilian holder on the disposition of ADSs to another non-Brazilian holder are not currently subject to Brazilian tax. As mentioned above, according to Law No. 10,833/2003 of December 2003, or Law No. 10,833, the disposition of assets located in Brazil by a non-Brazilian holder, whether to other non-Brazilian holder or Brazilian holders, may become subject to taxation in Brazil. Although we believe that the ADSs do not fall within the definition of assets located in Brazil for the purposes of Law no. 10,833, considering the general and unclear scope of it and the lack of definitive judicial court ruling to act as the leading case in respect thereto, we are unable to predict whether such understanding will ultimately prevail in the courts of Brazil. 140 In case the ADSs are considered assets located in Brazil, gains on disposition of ADSs by a non-Brazilian holder to a resident in Brazil or even to a non-Brazilian resident may be subject to income tax in Brazil according to the rules described below for ADSs or the tax rules applicable to common shares, as applicable. Exchange of ADSs for common shares Although there is no clear regulatory guidance, the withdrawal of ADSs in exchange for common shares is not subject to Brazilian income tax to the extent that, as described above, ADSs do not fall within the definition of assets located in Brazil for the purposes of Law No. 10,833. Upon receipt of the underlying common shares in exchange for ADSs, non-Brazilian holders may also elect to register with the Central Bank the U.S. dollar amount of such preferred shares or common shares as a foreign portfolio investment under Resolution No. 4,373/2014 or as a foreign direct investment under Law No. 4,131/1962. Exchange of common shares for ADSs With reference to the deposit of common shares in exchange for ADSs, the difference between the acquisition cost of the common shares and the market price of the common shares may be subject to Brazilian income tax at the rate of 15% or 25%, in case the non-Brazilian holder is located in a Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction. In some circumstances, there may be arguments to claim that this taxation is not applicable in the case of a non-Brazilian holder that is a 4,373 Holder and is not a resident in a Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction. Discussion on Low or Nil Taxation Jurisdictions On June 24, 2008, Law No. 11,727/2008 was enacted defining the concept of a “privileged tax regime” in connection with transactions subject to transfer pricing and thin capitalization rules. In this conception, privileged tax regimes are more comprehensive than tax havens. A “privileged tax regime” is considered to be a jurisdiction which: (i) does not tax income or taxes income at a maximum rate lower than 20.0%; (ii) grants tax advantages to a non-resident entity or individual (a) without requiring substantial economic activity in the jurisdiction of such non-resident entity or individual or (b) to the extent such non-resident entity or individual does not conduct substantial economic activity in the jurisdiction of such non-resident entity or individual; (iii) does not tax income generated abroad, or imposes tax on income generated abroad at a maximum rate lower than 20.0%; or (iv) restricts the ownership disclosure of assets and ownership rights or restricts disclosure about economic transactions. Notwithstanding the fact that the “privileged tax regime” concept was enacted in connection with Brazilian transfer pricing and thin capitalization rules, there is no assurance that Brazilian tax authorities will not attempt to apply the concept of privileged tax regimes to other types of transactions, such as investments in the Brazilian financial and capital markets. We recommend that prospective investors consult their own tax advisors from time to time to verify any possible tax consequences of Law No. 11,727/2008. Interest Attributed to Shareholders’ Equity According to Brazilian laws and our bylaws, we may opt to distribute income as interest attributed to shareholders’ equity as an alternative to the payment of dividends. Distribution of an interest on equity charge attributed to shareholders’ equity with respect to common shares or ADSs as an alternative form of payment to shareholders, including non-Brazilian holders of common shares or ADSs, is subject to Brazilian withholding income tax at the rate of 15% or 25%, in case of a Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction holder. In September 2015, the Brazilian government enacted Provisional Measure 694 which aims at increasing the rate of the Brazilian withholding tax to 18%. Thus, if such Provisional Measure is approved by the Brazilian Congress in 2016, as of 2017 payments made of interest attributed to shareholders’ equity with respect to common shares or ADSs will be subject to Brazilian withholding income tax at rates of 18% or 25%, in case of a Nil or Low Taxation Jurisdiction holder. 141 Such payments, subject to certain limitations and requirements, are deductible for Brazilian income tax purposes. This interest is limited to the daily pro rata variation of the Federal Government’s long-term interest rate, as determined by the Central Bank from time to time, and cannot exceed the greater of: (a) 50% of net income (after the social contribution on net profits and before the provision for corporate income tax, and the amounts attributable to shareholders as interest on net equity) for the period with respect to which the payment is made; or (b) 50% of the sum of retained earnings and earnings reserves as of the date of the beginning of the period with respect to which the payment is made. Provisional Measure 694 also changed the limit applicable to the calculation of the interest attributed to shareholders’ equity. According to the new law, interest rates are limited to the lowest of the daily pro rata variation of the Federal Government’s long-term interest rate or the rate of 5% per year. Other Brazilian Taxes There are no Brazilian inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of common shares or ADSs by a non-Brazilian holder, except for gift and inheritance taxes, which are levied by some states of Brazil on gifts made or inheritances bestowed by a non-Brazilian holder to individuals or entities resident or domiciled within such states in Brazil. There is no Brazilian stamp, issue, registration, or similar taxes or duties payable by a non-Brazilian holder of common shares or ADSs. Tax on foreign exchange transactions (“IOF/Exchange”) Pursuant to Decree No. 6,306/2007, dated December 14, 2007, as amended, or Decree No. 6,306/2007, the conversion of Brazilian currency into foreign currency (e.g., for purposes of paying dividends and interest) and the conversion of foreign currency into Brazilian currency may be subject to the Tax on Foreign Exchange Transactions or IOF/Exchange. Currently, for most exchange transactions, the rate of IOF/Exchange is 0.38%. However, exchange transactions carried out for the inflow of funds in Brazil for investments in the Brazilian financial and capital market made by a foreign investor (including a Non-Resident Holder, as applicable) are subject to IOF/Exchange at a 0%. The IOF/Exchange rate will also be 0% for the outflow of funds from Brazil related to these types of investments, including payments of dividends and interest on shareholders’ equity and the repatriation of funds invested in the Brazilian market. The Brazilian government may increase the rate of the IOF/Exchange to a maximum of 25.0% of the amount of the foreign exchange transaction at any time, but such an increase would not apply retroactively. Tax on transactions involving bonds and securities (“IOF/Bonds Tax”) The IOF may also be imposed on any transactions involving bonds and securities, including those carried out on Brazilian futures and commodities stock exchanges. As a general rule, the rate of this tax for transactions involving common shares or ADSs is currently zero. The executive branch, also by a Presidential Decree, may increase the IOF rate by up to 1.5% per day, but only with respect to future transactions. U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares or ADSs as of the date hereof. This discussion applies only to a beneficial owner of common shares or ADSs that is a “U.S. holder”. As used herein, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of a common share or ADS that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is: an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; 142 a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or a trust if it (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Department regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds common shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A U.S. holder that is a partner of a partnership holding common shares or ADSs should consult its tax advisors. Except where noted, this discussion deals only with common shares or ADSs held as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, and does not deal with U.S. holders that may be subject to special U.S. federal income tax rules, such as dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, banks or other financial institutions, tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies, persons holding common shares or ADSs as part of a hedging, integrated, conversion or constructive sale transaction or a straddle, persons liable for alternative minimum tax, pass-through entities and investors in a pass-through entity, persons owning 10% or more of our voting stock, or persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar. This discussion is based upon the provisions of the Code, and existing and proposed U.S. Treasury Department regulations, administrative pronouncements of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and judicial decisions as of the date hereof. Such authorities may be repealed, revoked or modified so as to result in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, this discussion is based, in part, upon representations made by the Depositary to us and assumes that the deposit agreement, and all other related agreements, will be performed in accordance with their terms. Except as specifically described below, this discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please see the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” below. Further, this discussion does not address the U.S. federal estate and gift, alternative minimum tax, Medicare tax on net investment income, state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences of acquiring, holding or disposing of common shares or ADSs. ADSs In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. holders of ADSs will be treated as the owners of the underlying common shares that are represented by such ADSs. Deposits or withdrawals of common shares by U.S. holders for ADSs will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. However, the U.S. Treasury Department has expressed concerns that parties involved in transactions wherein depositary shares are pre-released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by the holders of ADSs. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Brazilian income taxes described herein could be affected by future actions that may be taken by the U.S. Treasury Department. Taxation of Dividends The gross amount of distributions paid to a U.S. holder (including Brazilian taxes that are withheld, if any, and any payments of interest on shareholders’ equity, as described above under “—Brazilian Tax Considerations”) will be treated as dividend income to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Such income generally will be includable in a U.S. holder’s gross income as ordinary income when actually or constructively received by the U.S. holder, in the case of common shares, or when actually or constructively received by the Depositary, in the case of ADSs. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code. To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, the distribution will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares or ADS, causing a reduction in such adjusted tax basis (and thereby increasing the amount of gain, or decreasing the amount of loss, to be recognized on a subsequent disposition of our common shares or ADSs), and thereafter as capital gain recognized on a sale or exchange. Because we do not expect to maintain calculations of earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, U.S. holders should expect that a distribution will generally be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Distributions of additional common shares or ADSs to U.S. holders that are part of a pro rata distribution to all of our shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. 143 The amount of any dividend paid in reais will equal the U.S. dollar value of the reais received calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the dividend is received by the U.S. holder, in the case of common shares, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADSs, regardless of whether the reais are converted into U.S. dollars. If the reais received as a dividend are not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, the U.S. holder will have a tax basis in the reais equal to their U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any gain or loss realized on a subsequent conversion or other disposition of the reais will be foreign currency gain or loss that is treated as U.S. source ordinary income or loss. If dividends paid in reais are converted into U.S. dollars on the day they are received by the U.S. holder or the Depositary, as the case may be, U.S. holders generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of any foreign currency gain or loss if any reais received by the U.S. holder or the Depositary or its agent are not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. Certain dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders may be eligible for preferential tax rates so long as (1) specified holding period requirements are met, (2) the U.S. holder is not under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) the company paying the dividend is a “qualified foreign corporation” and (4) the company is not a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the year of distribution or the prior year. We do not believe that we were classified as a PFIC for our prior taxable year nor do we expect to be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year. We generally will be treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to our ADSs so long as the ADSs remain listed on the NYSE. Based on existing guidance, however, it is not entirely clear whether dividends received with respect to the common shares (to the extent not represented by ADSs) will be eligible for this treatment, because the common shares are not themselves listed on a U.S. exchange. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors about the application of this preferential tax rate to dividends paid directly on common shares. Subject to certain complex limitations and conditions (including a minimum holding period requirement), Brazilian income taxes withheld on dividends, if any, may be treated as foreign income taxes eligible for credit against a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Alternatively, if a U.S. holder does not elect to claim a foreign income tax credit for any foreign taxes paid during the taxable year, all foreign income taxes paid may instead be deducted in computing such U.S. holder’s taxable income. For purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit, dividends paid on our common shares will be treated as income from sources outside the United States. For the purposes of the U.S. foreign tax credit limitations, the dividends paid by us should generally constitute “passive category income” for most U.S. holders. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances. Taxation of Capital Gains For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. holder generally will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of a common share or ADS in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized for the common share or ADS and the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common share or ADS, determined in U.S. dollars. Such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. The capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if at the time of sale, exchange or other taxable disposition the U.S. holder has held our common shares or ADSs for more than one year. Capital gains of individuals derived with respect to capital assets held for more than one year are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. holder will generally be treated as U.S. source gain or loss. Consequently, a U.S. holder may not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from Brazilian income tax imposed, if any, on the disposition of a common share or ADS unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. federal income tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources. 144 Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules Based upon our current and projected income, assets, activities and business plans, we do not expect the common shares or ADSs to be considered shares of a PFIC for our current fiscal year (although the determination cannot be made until the end of such fiscal year), and we intend to continue our operations in such a manner that we do not expect to be classified as a PFIC in the foreseeable future. However, because the determination of whether the common shares or ADSs constitute shares of a PFIC will be based upon the composition of our income, assets and the nature of our business, as well as the income, assets and business of entities in which we hold at least a 25% interest, from time to time, and because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules, there can be no assurance that the common shares or ADSs will not be considered shares of a PFIC for any fiscal year. If the common shares or ADSs were shares of a PFIC for any fiscal year, U.S. holders (including certain indirect U.S. holders) may be subject to adverse tax consequences, including the possible imposition of an interest charge on gains or “excess distributions” allocable to prior years in the U.S. holder’s holding period during which we were determined to be a PFIC. If we are deemed to be a PFIC for a taxable year, dividends on our ADSs would not be qualified dividend income eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income taxation. In addition, a U.S. holder that owns common shares or ADSs during any taxable year that we are treated as a PFIC would generally be required to file IRS form 8621, including in order to comply with additional annual filing requirements imposed under legislation enacted in 2010. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules (including any information reporting requirements in connection therewith) to the common shares or ADSs. Information Reporting and Backup Withholding In general, information reporting requirements will apply to dividends in respect of our common shares or ADSs or the proceeds received on the sale, exchange, or redemption of our ADSs, in each case to the extent treated as being paid within the United States (and in certain cases, outside of the United States) to a U.S. holder unless a U.S. holder establishes its status as an exempt recipient, and backup withholding (currently at a rate of 28 percent) may apply to such amounts if the U.S. holder does not establish its status as an exempt recipient or fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number and certify that such U.S. holder is not subject to backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. holder will be allowed as a refund or credit against such U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the U.S. holder timely furnishes the required information to the IRS. In addition, U.S. holders should be aware that additional reporting requirements apply with respect to the holding of certain foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers which is not held in an account maintained by a financial institution, if the aggregate value of all of such assets exceeds US$50,000. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to our common shares and ADSs and the application of these additional reporting requirements for foreign financial assets to their particular situation. F. Dividends and Payments Agents Not applicable. G. Statements by Experts Not applicable. H. Documents on Display We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and supplemented, or the Exchange Act. Accordingly, we are required to file reports and other information with the SEC. You may inspect and copy reports and other information filed by us at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.W., Washington D.C. 20549. Our filings will also be available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Reports and other information may also be inspected and copied at the offices of the NYSE at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. 145 Our website is located at http://www.sabesp.com.br and our investor relations website is located at http://www.sabesp.com.br/investors. (These URLs are intended to be an inactive textual reference only. They are not intended to be an active hyperlink to our website. The information on our website, which might be accessible through a hyperlink resulting from this URL is not, and shall not be deemed to be, incorporated into this annual report.) We also furnish to the depositary annual reports in English including audited annual financial statements and reviewed quarterly financial statements in English for each of the first three quarters of the fiscal year. We also furnish to the depositary English translations or summaries of all notices of shareholders’ meetings and other reports and communications that are made generally available to holders of common shares. I. Subsidiary Information Not applicable. ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Market Risk We are exposed to various market risks, in particular, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. We are exposed to foreign currency risk because a substantial portion of our financial indebtedness is denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar, while we generate all of our net operating revenues in reais. Similarly, we are subject to interest rate risk based upon changes in interest rates, which affect our net financial expenses. For further information on our market risks, see Note 5 to our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 included elsewhere in this annual report. Exchange Rate Risk As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, R$6,617.8 million and R$4,346.3 million, or 50.4% and 40.3%, respectively, of our debt obligations were denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we are exposed to exchange rate risks that may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as our ability to meet debt service obligations. Exchange Rate Sensitivity We estimate that the potential loss to us in connection with U.S. dollar and yen-denominated debt that would have resulted as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 from each hypothetical instantaneous and unfavorable 1% change in the U.S. dollar and yen against the real would have been approximately R$66.2 million, R$43.5 million and R$37.0 million, respectively. Consistent with these estimates, a hypothetical instantaneous and unfavorable 10% change in this exchange rate would have resulted in losses of approximately R$661.8 million, R$434.6 million and R$369.9 million as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The fluctuation of the real in relation to the U.S. dollar and yen for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were as follows: Depreciation (appreciation) of the real in relation to the U.S. dollar Depreciation (appreciation) of the real in relation to the yen 146 2015 Year ended December 31, 2014 (in percentages) 47.0 46.0 13.4 (0.4) 2013 14.6 (5.9) We have not contracted derivative financial instruments in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. For further information regarding foreign currency risk, see Note 5.1(a) of our 2015 financial statements. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we had no short-term indebtedness outstanding, other than the current portion of long-term debt. Interest Rate Risk As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, R$1,504.8 million, or 11.5%, and R$1,585.2 million, or 14.7%, respectively, of our total debt outstanding balance denominated in reais was based on variable rates of interest based on the UPR, which is equivalent to the TR. In addition, as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, R$1,651.1 million, or 12.6%, and R$1,752.3 million, or 16.2%, respectively, of our total debt denominated in reais was subject to interest rates based on the CDI. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, R$2,938.6 million and R$1,967.1 million, respectively, of our foreign-currency denominated debt was based on the IADB and the IBRD variable rates of interest, which are determined based on the cost of funding of these multilateral organizations in each period. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we did not have any derivative contracts outstanding which limited exposure to changes in the UPR or the CDI or in the IADB or IBRD variable rates. However, we are obliged by law to invest our excess cash with financial institutions controlled by the Brazilian government. We invest these excess funds, which totaled R$1,562.0 million and R$1,604.8 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, mainly in short-term instruments. As a result, our exposure to Brazilian interest rate risk is partially limited by our real-denominated floating interest time deposits investments, which generally earn interest based on the CDI. In addition to our exposure with respect to existing indebtedness, we may become exposed to interest rate volatility with respect to indebtedness incurred in the future. We estimate that we would have suffered a loss over periods of one year, respectively, of up to R$131.2 million, R$107.9 million and R$94.5 million if a hypothetical instantaneous and unfavorable change of 100 basis points in the interest rates applicable to financial liabilities as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, had occurred. Consistent with these estimates, a hypothetical instantaneous and unfavorable 1000 basis points change in these interest rates would have resulted in losses of approximately R$1,312.2 million, R$1,078.6 million and R$945.0 million as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. This sensitivity analysis is based on the assumption of an unfavorable 100 basis point movement of the interest rates applicable to each homogeneous category of financial liabilities and sustained over a period of one year, as applicable, and that such movement may or may not affect interest rates applicable to any other homogenous category of financial liabilities. A homogeneous category is defined according to the currency in which financial liabilities are denominated and assumes the same interest rate movement within each homogeneous category (i.e., U.S. dollars). As a result, our interest rate risk sensitivity model may overstate the effect of interest rate fluctuation on these financial instruments, as consistently unfavorable movements of all interest rates are unlikely. The tables below provide information about our interest rate-sensitive instruments. For variable interest rate debt, the rate presented is the weighted average rate calculated as of December 31, 2015. For the foreign currency denominated obligations, these amounts have been converted at the selling rates as of December 31, 2015 and do not represent amounts which may actually be payable with respect to such obligations on the dates indicated. Assets Cash equivalents denominated in reais Liabilities Long-term debt (current and noncurrent portion) Floating rate, denominated in reais indexed by TR or UPR Floating rate, denominated in reais indexed by TJLP Floating rate, denominated in reais indexed by IPCA Floating rate, denominated in reais indexed by CDI Fixed rate, denominated in reais Floating rate, denominated in U.S. dollars Fixed rate, denominated in Yen Fixed rate, denominated in U.S. dollars Total long-term debt As of December 31, 2015 Expected maturity date 2016 2017 2018 2019 and after Total (in millions, except percentages) Average annual interest rate 1,562.0 - - - 1,562.0 103.0 130.1 103.2 276.8 12.0 248.3 82.4 570.5 100.5 146.6 42.1 736.1 22.5 314.9 72.3 - 103.9 146.6 358.3 393.8 23.6 215.9 73.7 - 1,526.3 1,435.0 1,315.8 1,197.4 695.5 1,190.6 244.5 476.7 2,148.7 1,528.5 1,362.6 8,844.5 1,504.8 1,118.8 1,694.2 1,651.2 534.8 2,927.8 1,756.9 1,933.1 13,121.6 9.8% 8.9% 17.1% 16.2% 2.3% 1.6% 3.4% 7.8% 147 UPR stands for Standard Reference Unit (Unidade Padrão Referência) and is equal to TR, which was 0.2250% per month as of December 31, 2015; CDI stands for Interbank Deposit Rate (Certificado de Depósitos Interbancários), which was 14.14% per annum as of December 31, 2015; IGP-M was 10.54% per annum as of December 31, 2015; TJLP stands for Long-term Interest Rate (Taxa de Juros a Longo Prazo), published quarterly by the Central Bank, which was 7.0% per annum as of December 31, 2015. The percentage of our indebtedness subject to fixed and floating interest rate is as follows: 2015 22.3% 45.5% 4.1% 13.4% 14.7% 100.0% As of December 31, 2014 18.1% 55.2% 4.5% 10.0% 12.2% 100.0% 2013 16.0% 56.8% 4.0% 9.9% 13.3% 100.0% Floating rate debt: Denominated in U.S. dollars Denominated in reais Fixed rate debt: Denominated in reais Denominated in Yen Denominated in U.S. dollars Total ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES A. Debt Securities Not applicable. B. Warrants and Rights Not applicable. C. Other Securities Not applicable. D. American Depositary Shares In the United States, our common shares trade in the form of ADS. Following a ratio change effected on January 24, 2013, each ADS represents one common share of our company. Following a stock split which took place on April 25, 2013, we issued two new ADSs for each ADS currently trading and distributed them to our holders on April 29, 2013. The ADSs are issued by The Bank of New York Mellon, as Depositary pursuant to a Deposit Agreement. The ADSs commenced trading on the NYSE on May 10, 2002. Fees and Expenses The following table summarizes the fees and expenses payable by holders of ADRs: Persons depositing common shares or ADR holders must pay: For: US$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of common shares or rights or other property Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates US$0.05 (or less) per ADS or portion thereof (to the extent not prohibited by the rules of any stock exchange on which the ADSs are listed for trading) A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been common shares and the common shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs US$0.05 (or less) per ADS or portion thereof per calendar year (in addition to the cash distribution fee of $0.02 per ADS that the depositary has collected during the year) Registration or transfer fees Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions expenses (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement) Expenses of the depositary in converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars Expenses of the depositary Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADR or common share underlying an ADR, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities Any cash distribution to you Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADR holders Depositary services Transfer and registration of common shares on our common share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw common shares As necessary No charges of this type are currently made in the Brazilian market 148 Payment of Taxes The depositary may deduct the amount of any taxes owed from any payments to you. It may also sell deposited securities, by public or private sale, to pay any taxes owed. You will remain liable if the proceeds of the sale are not sufficient to pay the taxes. If the depositary sells deposited securities, it will, if appropriate, reduce the number of ADSs to reflect the sale and pay to you any proceeds, or send to you any property, remaining after it has paid the taxes. Reimbursement of Fees The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, has agreed to reimburse us for expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance expenses of the ADS program. The depositary has agreed to reimburse us for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees. The depositary has also agreed to pay the standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADRs, which consist of the expenses of postage and envelopes for mailing annual and interim financial reports, printing and distributing dividend checks, electronic filing of United States federal tax information, mailing required tax forms, stationery, postage, facsimile, and telephone calls. It has also agreed to reimburse us annually for certain investor relationship programs or special investor relations promotional activities. In certain instances, the depositary has agreed to provide additional payments to us based on any applicable performance indicators relating to the ADR facility. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not necessarily tied to the amount of fees the depositary collects from investors. 149 The depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid. Reimbursement of Fees Incurred in 2015 From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015, we received reimbursements in the amount of US$1.5 million for standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADRs, any applicable performance indicators relating to the ADR facility, marketing fees and legal fees. 150 ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES Not applicable. PART II ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS Not applicable. ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES A. Disclosure Controls and Procedures We carried out an evaluation under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial and Investor Relations Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, including those defined in the United States Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), as of the year ended December 31, 2015. As a result of this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were both designed and effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2015, that the information required to be disclosed in our filings and submissions under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms, and that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial and Investor Relations Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. B. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, our management conducted an assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 based on the criteria established in “Internal Control —Integrated Framework” issued by COSO in 2013. 151 As a result of the assessment described above, our management concluded that as of December 31, 2015, we did maintain effective internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by COSO in 2013. Our external auditors identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting related to our control over the interpretation and application of the accounting treatment for the acquisition of a 30-year concession awarded to Sabesp by the Municipality of Santos in 2015. Our external auditors proposed an adjustment during the performance of their 2015 interim procedures to correct the accounting treatment. This adjustment was recorded in our annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. The transaction and related accounting involved certain unpaid court judgments owed by Santos to us, which were the subject of a settlement agreement between Santos and us at the time of the award of the concession. The debt owed to us by the Municipality of Santos had previously been accounted for as an impaired accounts receivable. This transaction was unusual, both in terms of the economic settlement with Santos and due to specific regulations that apply to Sabesp. Indeed, because Santos is the anchor concession city for the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista, the economic characteristics of this case are so unique that our Management does not foresee that the same methodology would be applied in the future. Our Management believes that alternative interpretations are possible regarding the accounting treatment. On the basis of the amount involved, our Management did not consider the related adjustment to be material. Furthermore, this transaction was subject to our regular approval and control process. Consequently, our Management does not believe there is a control deficiency or a material weakness in the design or operation of our internal control over financial reporting related to this transaction. Our Management’s conclusion was later confirmed by the opinion of a renowned accountancy advisory firm in Brazil that we retained in early 2016 to provide an opinion on this matter. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes, has issued an adverse audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. That report is included below. C. Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING To the Shareholders, Board of Directors and Management of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo – SABESP São Paulo – SP We have audited Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo – SABESP’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on internal control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 152 A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We have identified the following material weakness that has not been identified as a material weakness in management´s assessment: the control related to the interpretation and application of accounting practices did not operate effectively for one significant unusual transaction, which resulted in a material weakness. The control activity is the review and approval of the technical accounting memo prepared by the Company´s IFRS accounting specialist. Such control activity did not identify an error in the interpretation and application of accounting practices related to the methodology adopted for the fair value measurement of impaired accounts receivables that had been given as part of the consideration paid to acquire the rights to operate a concession. The error, which resulted in the overstatement of intangible assets and financial revenue and understatement of selling expenses, was corrected by management in the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015. Accordingly, there was a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual financial statements could have occurred or occur in the future which would not have been prevented or detected by the Company’s controls on a timely basis. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 of the Company and this report does not affect our report on such financial statements. Because of the omission of the material weakness described above from management’s assessment, management’s assessment that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 is not fairly stated. In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness described above on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on management’s statements regarding its reasons for not identifying the material weakness in management’s assessment. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 of the Company and our report dated May 11, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. /s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes May 11, 2016 São Paulo, Brazil D. Changes in internal control over financial reporting There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 16. A. Audit Committee Financial Expert At our board meeting held on June 26, 2006, we established an audit committee, as defined under section 3(a)(58) of the Exchange Act. Our board of directors has determined that Jerônimo Antunes qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined for the purposes of this Item 16A in Item 16 of Form 20-F. Jerônimo Antunes is an “independent director” within the meaning of the SEC rules. B. Code of Ethics We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act. Our code of business conduct and ethics, called Code of Ethics and Conduct, applies to all of our employees, including our directors, chief executive officer, chief financial and investor relations officer and head of accounting, as well as our suppliers and third-party contractors. To ensure compliance with the Code of Ethics and Conduct, we have an Ethics Committee and an internal Whistle-blowing Channel, as well as a Corporate Accountability Procedure and an Ombudsman Office as well as a Customer Service that receive external complaints. The internal channel can receive anonymous whistle blowing. The results of the investigations are forwarded to the Audit Committee. Cases of recurrence are reported to the Ethics Committee, which urges the related departments to develop preventive actions. In 2015, 108 whistle blowings were recorded, 58.33% of which were verified and 41.67% are under investigation. Out of the total, 13% refer to misconduct, such as moral harassment, discrimination, persecution and unfair treatment. During 2015, 20 of our employees or outsourced employees received penalties (3 warnings, 4 suspensions and 13 dismissals). Our Ethics Committee is also responsible for addressing relevant inquiries and interpreting the norms of the Code of Ethics for all of our employees. Our Code of Ethics and Conduct is available on our web site at http://www.sabesp.com.br at the following location: Investors Relations – Corporate Governance. If we amend the provisions of our Code of Ethics and Conduct, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose the amendment or waiver on our web site at the same address. You can obtain copies of our Code of Ethics and Conduct, without charge, upon request to sabesp.ri@sabesp.com.br. C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes served as our independent registered public accounting firm for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes’s activity began with the review of the Quarterly Information (“ITRs”) reporting for the third quarter of 2012. 153 The following table presents the aggregate fees for professional services and other services rendered to us by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes in 2015 and 2014: Audit Fees(1) Audit-Related Fees Tax Fees All Other Fees Total Year ended December 31, 2015 1.7 - - - 1.7 (in millions of reais) 2014 1.2 - - - 1.2 (1) Audit Fees are the fees billed by our independent auditors for the audit of our annual financial statements, reviews of interim financial statements and attestation services that are provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. Pre-approval policies and procedures Pursuant to Brazilian law, our board of directors is responsible, among other matters, for the selection, dismissal and oversight of our independent registered public accounting firm. Our management is required to obtain the board of directors’ approval before engaging an independent registered public accounting firm to provide any audit or permitted non-audit services to us. The Brazilian Federal and State Public Bidding Laws also apply to us with respect to obtaining services from third parties for our business, including the services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. As part of the bidding process, the independent registered public accounting firm is required to submit proposals, and are then selected by us based on certain criteria including technical expertise and cost. During 2014 and 2015, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes did not provide non-audit services to us. D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees None E. Purchases of Equity Securities by Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers Not applicable. F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant Not applicable. G. Corporate Governance Significant Differences between our Corporate Governance Practices and NYSE Corporate Governance Standards We are subject to the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. As a foreign private issuer, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to U.S. listed companies. Under the NYSE rules, we are required only to: (a) have an audit committee or audit board, pursuant to an applicable exemption available to foreign private issuers, that meets certain requirements, as discussed below, (b) provide prompt certification by our chief executive officer of any material non-compliance with any corporate governance rules, and (c) provide a brief description of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE corporate governance practice required to be followed by U.S. listed companies. The discussion of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those required of U.S. listed companies follows below. 154 Majority of Independent Directors The NYSE rules require that a majority of the board must consist of independent directors. Independence is defined by various criteria, including the absence of a material relationship between the director and the listed company. Brazilian law does not have a similar requirement. Under Brazilian law, neither our board of directors nor our management is required to test the independence of directors before their election to the board. However, both the Brazilian Corporate Law and the CVM have established rules that require directors to meet certain qualification requirements and that address the compensation and duties and responsibilities of, as well as the restrictions applicable to, a company’s executive officers and directors. Our board of directors must have a minimum of five members and 20% of the board (even if the board consists of greater than five members) must be independent as defined under Novo Mercado Regulations. Currently, four of our 10 directors are independent, pursuant to the Novo Mercado Listing Regulations. We believe these rules provide adequate assurances that our directors are independent; however, they do not require that we have a majority of independent directors, as required under the NYSE rules. Executive Sessions NYSE rules require that the non-management directors must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management present. The Brazilian Corporate Law does not have a similar provision. According to the Brazilian Corporate Law, up to one-third of the members of the board of directors can be elected from management. There is no requirement that non-management directors meet regularly without management. Our chairperson and Chief Executive Officer is a member of our board of directors. All other members of our board of directors meet the NYSE’s definition of “non-management” directors. The non-management directors on our board do not typically meet in executive session. Our board of directors consists of nine non-management directors. Fiscal Committee Under the Brazilian Corporate Law, the Conselho Fiscal, or fiscal committee, is a corporate body independent of management and a company’s external auditors. The fiscal committee may be either permanent or non-permanent, in which case it is appointed by the shareholders to act during a specific fiscal year. A fiscal committee is not equivalent to, or comparable with, a U.S. audit committee. The primary responsibility of the fiscal committee is to review management’s activities and a company’s financial statements, and to report its findings to the company’s shareholders. The Brazilian Corporate Law requires fiscal committee members to receive as remuneration at least 10% of the average annual amount paid to a company’s executive officers. The Brazilian Corporate Law requires a fiscal committee to be composed of a minimum of three and a maximum of five members and their respective alternates. Under the Brazilian Corporate Law, the fiscal committee may not contain members that (i) are on our board of directors, (ii) are on the board of executive officers, (iii) are employed by us or a controlled company, or (iv) are spouses or relatives of any member of our management, up to the third degree. Our fiscal committee consists of five members and five alternates and the members meet once a month. Audit Committee NYSE rules require that listed companies have an audit committee that (i) is composed of a minimum of three independent directors who are all financially literate, (ii) meets the SEC rules regarding audit committees for listed companies, (iii) has at least one member who has accounting or financial management expertise and (iv) is governed by a written charter addressing the committee’s required purpose and detailing its required responsibilities. However, as a foreign private issuer, we need only to comply with the requirement that the audit committee meet the SEC rules regarding audit committees for listed companies to the extent compatible with Brazilian Corporate Law. Our audit committee, which is not equivalent to, or comparable with, a U.S. audit committee, provides assistance to our board of directors on matters involving accounting, internal controls, financial reporting and compliance. The audit committee recommends the appointment of our independent auditors to our board of directors and reviews the compensation of our independent auditors and helps coordinate their activities. It also evaluates the effectiveness of our internal financial and legal compliance controls. The audit committee comprises three members elected by the board of directors for a two-year term with the right to re-election, all three of which are independent. The current members of our audit committee are Jerônimo Antunes, Reinaldo Guerreiro and Francisco Vidal Luna. All members meet the independent membership requirements of the SEC and NYSE as well as other NYSE requirements. Jerônimo Antunes is the committee’s “financial expert” within the scope of the SEC rules covering the disclosure of financial experts on audit committees in periodic filings pursuant to the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 155 Corporate Risks Management Committee In 2009, our board of executive officers created the Corporate Risks Management Committee with responsibilities to: i) evaluate the maximum amounts of risk that Management should incur in its operations in order to obtain planned results; ii) evaluate the identification, measurement, treatment and processing of risks in action plans; iii) forward its statements, proposals and evaluations to the audit committee and to the board of executive officers for review, as well as submit such statements, proposals and evaluations to the board of directors for approval. The Corporate Risks Management Committee has a coordinator and consists of representatives from the following management divisions: CEO's Office; Corporate Management; Technology, Enterprises and Environment; Metropolitan; Economics and Finance and Investor Relations; and Regional Systems. Nomination/Corporate Governance and Compensation Committees NYSE rules require that listed companies have a nominating/corporate governance committee and a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and governed by a written charter addressing the committee’s required purpose and detailing its required responsibilities. Required responsibilities for the nominating/corporate governance committee include, among other things, identifying and selecting qualified board member nominees and developing a set of corporate governance principles applicable to the company. Required responsibilities for the compensation committee include, among other things, reviewing corporate goals relevant to the chief executive officer’s compensation, evaluating the chief executive officer’s performance, approving the chief executive officer’s compensation levels and recommending to the board non-chief executive officer compensation, incentive-compensation and equity-based plans. We are not required under applicable Brazilian law to have a nomination/corporate governance committee or compensation committee. Under the Brazilian Corporate Law, the total amount available for compensation of our directors and executive officers and for profit-sharing payments to our executive officers is established by our shareholders at the annual general meeting. The board of directors is then responsible for determining the individual compensation and profit-sharing of each executive officer, as well as the compensation of our board and committee members. In making such determinations, the board reviews the performance of the executive officers, including the performance of our chief executive officer, who typically excuses himself from discussions regarding his performance and compensation. Shareholder Approval of Equity Compensation Plans NYSE rules require that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with limited exceptions. We do not currently have any equity compensation plan. If such a plan were to be implemented, there is no requirement under Brazilian Corporate Law for the plan to be approved by our shareholders. However, if the issuance of new shares in connection with any equity compensation plan exceeded the authorized capital under our bylaws, the increase in capital would require shareholder approval. Corporate Governance Guidelines NYSE rules require that listed companies adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. We are in compliance with the adoption of corporate governance provisions and guidelines required under the Novo Mercado Regulations. Additionally, under the CVM’s guidelines, we have established (i) the Policy of Publicizing Acts or Relevant Facts and the Preservation of Confidentiality which requires us to publicly disclose all relevant information and (ii) the Securities Negotiation Policy which requires management to inform the CVM and the BM&FBOVESPA of any purchases or sales of our securities. We believe the corporate governance guidelines applicable to us under the Novo Mercado Regulations, as well as the CVM, do not conflict with the guidelines established by the NYSE. Our corporate governance guidelines and practices are available in our website at www.sabesp.com.br and in our annual management report. 156 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics NYSE rules require that listed companies adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. Applicable Brazilian law does not have a similar requirement. We have decided to adopt and disclose a code of ethics and conduct applicable to all our officers, directors and employees. The adoption and disclosure of a formal code is not required under the Brazilian Corporate Law. We believe our formal code addresses the matters required to be addressed by the applicable NYSE and SEC rules. Internal Audit Function NYSE rules require that listed companies maintain an internal audit function to provide management and the audit committee with ongoing assessments of the company’s risk management processes and system of internal control. Our internal audit department is under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our audit committee and is responsible for our compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the U.S. Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 regarding internal control over financial reporting. Our internal audit department reports to our chief executive officer and the audit committee. Anticorruption Compliance Law No. 12,846, of August 1, 2013 (the “Anticorruption Law”), as further regulated by Decree No. 8,420/2015, introduced the concept of strict liability for legal entities involved in harmful acts against the public administration, as defined in the Anticorruption Law, subjecting the violator to penalties both in administrative and civil law. Similar to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of the United States, to which we are also subject, the Anticorruption Law considers that an effective implementation of Compliance Programs may be used to mitigate the administrative penalties to be applied as a consequence of a harmful act against the public administration. In 2015, we analyzed our current compliance practices and defined action plans based on the analysis of 2014 corporate corruption and fraud risks. As a mixed capital company, our Compliance Program encompasses two distinct situations – active corruption and passive corruption – and follows the recommendations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes, and the World Bank. Our program incorporates and focuses on high management, structural functioning, the provision of complaint hotlines, monitoring of third-party relationships, governance and internal controls, risk management, training and communication. Citizens’ Access to Information at Sabesp Federal Law No. 12,527/2011 (LAI), regulated by State Decree No. 58.052/2012 and State Decree No. 61.559/2015 determines that government entities must create Citizen Information Services – SIC units which receive and manage information requests from the public, and make available to citizens information requested or otherwise provided the reasons for denial of such information requests. In order to comply with LAI, we implemented the Citizen Information Service - SIC, structuring the internal flow of information to serve citizen within the terms provided for by laws and is drafting the Table of documents, data and information, defining restrictive information, protecting business strategic information and pursuing the transparent management. We also made available at our website basic information required by laws and the software to citizens to request information, according to the standards of the São Paulo State Government. These duties are linked to the Risk Management area whose main assumption is the transparency, quality of information and compliance with strategic rules of a listed company. H. Mine Safety Disclosure Not applicable. 157 PART III ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this Item. ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The following financial statements, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms, are filed as part of this annual report. See “Index to Financial Statements”. ITEM 19. EXHIBITS Item Description 1.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 11.1 12.1 12.2 13.1 13.2 By-laws of the Registrant (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on May 03, 2016). Agreement between the Registrant and the State Department of Water and Energy (Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica—DAEE), dated April 24, 1997 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on April 8, 2002 (the “April 8, 2002 Form F-1”). Protocol of Understanding between the Registrant and the State of São Paulo, dated September 30, 1997 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the April 8, 2002 Form F-1). Agreement between the Registrant and the State of São Paulo, through the Secretariat of Finance, dated September 10, 2001 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the April 8, 2002 Form F-1). Agreement between the Registrant and the State of São Paulo, through the Secretariat of the Treasury, dated December 11, 2001 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the April 8, 2002 Form F-1). Amendment to the Agreement, dated April 24, 1997, between the Registrant and the DAEE, dated March 16, 2000 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the April 8, 2002 Form F-1). Amendment to the Agreement, dated April 24, 1997, between the Registrant and the DAEE, dated November 21, 2001 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the April 8, 2002 Form F-1). First Amendment to the Agreement, dated December 11, 2001, between the Registrant and the State of São Paulo, dated March 22, 2004. (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Form 20-F filed on June 28, 2004). Second Amendment to the Agreement, dated December 11, 2001, between the Registrant and the State of São Paulo, dated December 28, 2007. (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on February 25, 2008). Third Amendment to the Agreement, dated December 11, 2001, between the Registrant and the State of São Paulo, dated November 17, 2008. (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on December 23, 2008). Commitment Agreement, between the Registrant and the State of São Paulo, dated March 26, 2008. (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on April 28, 2008). Agreement Executed between the Registrant and the São Paulo City Government, dated November 14, 2007 (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on March 12, 2008). Amendment to the Agreement Executed between the Registrant and the São Paulo City government, dated February 10, 2008 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on May 12, 2008). The Audit Committee Charter dated April 19, 2016 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on April 21, 2016). Convention between the State and the city of São Paulo, dated June 23, 2010, with the intermediation and consent of the Registrant and of ARSESP (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on July 13, 2010). Contract to provide public water supply and sewage services, among the Registrant, the State and the city of São Paulo, dated June 23, 2010 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on July 13, 2010). Term of Agreement between the Registrant, the State of São Paulo and the DAEE, dated March 18, 2015 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on April 15, 2015). Code of Ethics and Conduct dated June 1, 2014 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed on July 24, 2014). Certification of Jerson Kelman, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso, Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Jerson Kelman, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso, Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. 158 The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf. COMPANHIA DE SANEAMENTO BÁSICO DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - SABESP SIGNATURES Date: May 11, 2016. By: /s/ Jerson Kelman Name: Jerson Kelman Title: Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso Name: Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso Title: Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer 159 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Financial Statements as at December 31, 2015 and 2014 And for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS To the Shareholders, Board of Directors and Management of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP São Paulo - SP We have audited the accompanying statement of financial position of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated May 11, 2016 expressed an adverse opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes São Paulo, Brazil May 11, 2016 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Trade receivables Accounts receivable from related parties Inventories Restricted cash Recoverable taxes Otherreceivables Total current assets Noncurrent assets Tradereceivables Accounts receivable from related parties Escrowdeposits Deferred income tax and social contribution Water National Agency – ANA Otherreceivables Investments Investment properties Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Total noncurrent assets Total assets The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-3 Note 7 9 (a) 10 (a) 8 17 (a) 9 (a) 10 (a) 18 11 12 13 14 15 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 1,639,214 1,326,972 156,155 64,066 29,156 77,828 156,942 1,722,991 1,034,820 121,965 66,487 19,750 148,768 100,664 3,450,333 3,215,445 182,616 715,952 76,663 128,242 88,368 140,676 189,458 102,018 69,488 209,478 122,634 87,286 28,105 56,957 28,513,626 325,076 21,223 54,039 25,979,526 304,845 30,256,281 33,706,614 27,139,995 30,355,440 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais Liabilities and equity Current liabilities Trade payables and contractors Current portion of long-term borrowings and financing Accrued payroll and related taxes Taxes and contributions Interest on capital Provisions Services payable Public-Private Partnership – PPP Program Contract Commitments Otherliabilities Total current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Borrowings and financing Deferred Cofins and PASEP Provisions Pension obligations Public-Private Partnership – PPP Program Contract Commitments Otherliabilities Total noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities Equity Capital stock Earnings reserves Other comprehensive income Total equity Total equity and liabilities The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-4 Note December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 16 17 (b) 22 (c) 19 (a) 21 14 (h) 14 (d) (iv) 16 19 (a) 20 (b) 14 (h) 14 (d) (iv) 22 248,158 1,526,262 347,976 107,295 127,441 631,890 387,279 33,255 228,659 102,101 323,513 1,207,126 387,971 74,138 214,523 625,092 318,973 38,047 189,551 101,642 3,740,316 3,480,576 11,595,338 132,921 450,324 2,832,216 1,001,778 92,055 145,060 9,578,641 129,351 595,255 2,729,598 330,236 18,208 189,172 16,249,692 13,570,461 19,990,008 17,051,037 10,000,000 10,000,000 4,069,988 (353,382) 13,716,606 33,706,614 3,694,151 (389,748) 13,304,403 30,355,440 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Statement of income for the Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Net operating income Operating cost Gross profit Sellingexpenses Administrative income (expenses) Other operating income (expenses), net Equity results Profit from operations before finance income (expenses) Financial expenses Financialrevenues Exchangeresult, net Financial expenses, net Note 2015 2014 2013 25 (b) 26 11,711,569 (8,260,763) 11,213,216 (7,635,599) 11,315,567 (6,816,263) 26 26 28 12 27 27 27 3,450,806 3,577,617 4,499,304 (598,125) 44,958 143,755 2,597 (736,608) (924,359) (3,488) (2,453) (637,103) (729,117) 3,296 2,465 3,043,991 1,910,709 3,138,845 (859,732) 395,234 (1,991,964) (712,293) 422,732 (346,305) (602,910) 386,110 (266,446) (2,456,462) (635,866) (483,246) Profit before income tax and social contribution 587,529 1,274,843 2,655,599 Income tax and social contribution Current Deferred Profit for the year Earnings per share - basic and diluted (in reais) 18 (d) 18 (d) 23 (1,226) (50,024) (51,250) 536,279 0,78 (437,417) 65,557 (371,860) 902,983 1,32 (742,578) 10,538 (732,040) 1,923,559 2,81 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-5 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Statement of Comprehensive Income for the Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Amounts in thousands of reais Profit for the year Othercomprehensiveincome Note 2015 536,279 2014 902,983 2013 1,923,559 36,366 (256,217) 325,284 Items which will not be subsequently reclassified to the income statement: Actuarial gains and (losses) on defined benefit plans 20 (b) 36,366 (256,217) 325,284 Total comprehensive income for the year The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-6 572,645 646,766 2,248,843 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Statement of Changes in Equity for the Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Balances as of December 31, 2012 6,203,688 124,255 616,814 4,690,619 80,201 - (458,815) 11,256,762 Note Capital stock Capital reserve Legal reserve Investment reserve Additional dividends proposed Retained earnings Other Comprehensive income Total Earnings reserve Net income for the year Actuarial gains (losses) Total comprehensive income for the year Legal reserve Interest on capital (R$0.6684 per share) 2012 additional proposed dividend, approved (R$1.99 per share) Additional proposed dividends Withholding income tax on interest on capital attributable as minimum mandatory dividends Transfer to investments reserve Balances as of December 31, 2013 Net income for the year Actuarial gains (losses) Total comprehensive income for the year Legal reserve Interest on capital (R$0.3138 per share) 2013 additional proposed dividend, approved (R$0.1180 per share) Additional proposed dividends Withholding income tax on interest on capital attributable as minimum mandatory dividends Capitalization of reserves Transfer to investments reserve Balances as of December 31, 2014 Net income for the year Actuarial gains (losses) Total comprehensive income for the year Legal reserve Interest on capital (R$0.1863 per share) 2014 additional proposed dividend, approved (R$0.0554 per share) Additional proposed dividends Withholding income tax on interest on capital attributable as minimum mandatory dividends Transfer to investments reserve Balances as of December 31, 2015 20 (b) 22 (e) 22 (c) 22 (c) 20 (b) 22 (e) 22 (c) 22 (c) 20 (b) 22 (e) 22 (c) 22 (c) 1,923,559 - 1,923,559 - 325,284 325,284 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 96,178 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,923,559 (96,178) (456,845) (80,201) - 80,620 (80,620) (37,758) - 1,289,916 - (1,289,916) 325,284 2,248,843 - - - - - - - (456,845) (80,201) - (37,758) - 6,203,688 124,255 712,992 5,980,535 42,862 - (133,531) 12,930,801 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,796,312 (124,255) - 10,000,000 - - - - - - - - - 10,000,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45,149 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (3,672,057) 605,530 - - - - - (42,862) 37,846 (15,844) - - 902,983 - 902,983 - (256,217) (256,217) 902,983 (45,149) (214,458) - (37,846) - - (605,530) (256,217) 646,766 - - - - - - - - (214,458) (42,862) - (15,844) - - 758,141 2,914,008 22,002 - (389,748) 13,304,403 - - - 26,814 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (22,002) 22,527 536,279 - 536,279 (26,814) (127,366) - (22,527) (11,074) - 359,572 - (359,572) - 36,366 36,366 - - - - - - 536,279 36,366 572,645 - (127,366) (22,002) - (11,074) - 784,955 3,273,580 11,453 - (353,382) 13,716,606 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-7 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Statement of Cash Flows for the Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Amounts in thousands of reais Cash flow from operating activities Profit before income tax and social contribution Adjustments for: Depreciation and amortization Residual value of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets written off Allowance for doubtful accounts Provisions and inflation adjustment Interest calculated on borrowings and financing payable Inflation adjustment and exchange gains (losses) on borrowings and financing Interest and inflation adjustment on liabilities Interest and inflation adjustment on assets Finance charges from customers Margin of fair value on intangible assets arising from concession Provision for Consent Decree (TAC) Equity results Provision from São Paulo agreement Provision for pension plan – SABESPREV MAIS Pension obligations Other adjustments GESP agreement Changes in assets Trade receivables Accounts receivable from related parties Inventories Recoverabletaxes Escrow deposits Other receivables Changes inliabilities Trade payables and contractors Services received Accrued payroll and related taxes Taxes and contributions payable Deferred Cofins/Pasep Provisions Pension obligations Other liabilities Cash generated from operations Interest paid Income tax and social contribution paid Net cash generated from operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Acquisition ofintangibles Restrictedcash Investment increase Purchases of property, plant and equipment Dividends received Net cash used in investing activities The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-8 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 587,529 1,274,843 2,655,599 1,074,032 52,040 2,420 (4,706) 474,056 2,163,754 27,168 (130,762) (125,966) (72,908) (15,601) (2,597) 11,252 8,349 352,710 (6,103) (696,283) 1,004,471 48,248 139,589 236,122 379,489 443,414 17,900 (36,227) (195,948) (62,520) 52,008 2,453 (23,306) 8,395 289,294 43,543 - 3,698,384 3,621,768 (111,738) (2,818) (550) 70,940 35,083 (9,785) (18,314) 57,054 (24,394) 35,947 3,570 (133,427) (182,514) (47,607) 3,369,831 (710,688) (17,743) 2,641,400 (2,397,352) (9,406) (2,540) (54,794) 4,612 (2,459,480) 363,343 42,670 (8,699) (148,578) 4,528 (47,590) (85) 19,071 21,037 28,383 (498) (196,157) (172,820) (6,946) 3,519,427 (603,563) (435,612) 2,480,252 (2,658,857) (9,417) (16) (89,451) - (2,757,741) 871,073 28,498 103,864 202,730 390,039 340,492 18,401 (7,671) (234,138) (50,248) 22,518 (2,465) 3,168 9,167 260,003 (33,576) - 4,577,454 (11,515) 5,586 (6,133) 31,016 (1,669) (13,868) (15,454) (65,883) 47,594 (146,664) 6,118 (211,502) (158,442) (59,211) 3,977,427 (533,362) (666,883) 2,777,182 (2,305,031) 54,644 (369) (30,743) - (2,281,499) Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Statement of Cash Flows for the Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Amounts in thousands of reais (continued) Cash flows from financing activities Borrowings and financing Proceeds from loans Payments of loans Payment of interest on capital Public-Private Partnership – PPP Program Contract Commitments Net cash generated by (used in) financing activities December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 1,303,296 (1,292,322) (202,115) (23,799) (50,757) (265,697) 1,258,101 (529,535) (467,469) (4,189) (38,429) 218,479 1,779,529 (1,780,673) (498.669) (13,809) (116,034) (629,656) Decrease in cash and cash equivalents (83,777) (59,010) (133,973) Represented by: Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year Decrease in cash and cash equivalents 1,722,991 1,639,214 (83,777) 1,782,001 1,722,991 (59,010) 1,915,974 1,782,001 (133,973) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-9 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 1 Operations Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo ("SABESP" or the "Company") is a mixed-capital company headquartered in São Paulo, at Rua Costa Carvalho, 300, CEP 05429-900, controlled by the São Paulo State Government. The Company is engaged in the provision of basic and environmental sanitation services in the State of São Paulo, as well as it supplies treated water and sewage services on a wholesale basis. In addition to providing basic sanitation services in the State of São Paulo, SABESP may perform these activities in other states and countries, and can operate in drainage, urban cleaning, solid waste handling and energy markets. The objective set in the new vision of SABESP is to be recognized as the company that ensured universal access to water and sewage services in its marketplace, in a sustainable and competitive manner, with excellence in customer service. As of December 31, 2015, the Company operated water and sewage services in 364 municipalities of the State of São Paulo. Most of these municipalities operations are based on 30-year concession, program and services contracts. On August 5, 2015, the Company signed an agreement with the municipality of Santa Isabel, stipulating the beginning of operations for January 2016; thus Santa Isabel is not included in the aforementioned 364 municipalities. The Company has two contracts with the municipality of Mogi das Cruzes to attend two neighborhoods, however, since most of municipality is serviced by wholesale, it was not included in the 364 municipalities. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had 367 contracts. SABESP is not temporarily operating in some municipalities due to judicial orders. The lawsuits in progress refer to Cajobi, Iperó and Macatuba, and the carrying amount of these municipalities' intangible assets was R$9,574 as of December 31, 2015 (R$9,578 as of December 31, 2014). Disclosures on the respective processes are detailed in Note 19 (c) (vii). As of December 31, 2015, 53 concession agreements had expired and are being negotiated. From 2016 to 2030, 36 concession agreements will expire. Management believes that concession agreements expired and not yet renewed will result in new contracts, disregarding the risk of discontinuity in the provision of municipal water supply and sewage services. By December 31, 2015, 278 program and services contracts were signed (274 contracts as of December 31, 2014). As of December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of the underlying assets used in the 53 concessions of the municipalities under negotiation totaled R$6,177,433, accounting for 21.66% of total, and the related revenue for the year then ended totaled R$1,589,226 as of December 31, 2015, accounting for 12.94% of total. The Company's operations are concentrated in the municipality of São Paulo, which represents 51.79% of the gross revenues as of December 31, 2015 (49.42% in December 2014) and 43.37% of intangible assets (42.29% in December 2014). The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-10 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated On June 23, 2010, the State of São Paulo, the Municipality of São Paulo, the Company and the regulatory agency “Sanitation and Energy Regulatory Agency – ARSESP” signed an agreement to share the responsibility for water supply and sewage services to the Municipality of São Paulo based on a 30-year concession agreement. This agreement is extendable for another 30 years, pursuant to the law. This agreement sets forth SABESP as the exclusive service provider and designates ARSESP as regulator, establishing prices, controlling and monitoring services. Also, on June 23, 2010, the State of São Paulo, the Municipality of São Paulo and SABESP signed the “Public service provision agreement of water supply and sewage services”, a 30-year concession agreement which is extendable for another 30 years. This agreement involves the following activities: i. protection of the sources of water in collaboration with other agencies of the State and the City; ii. capture, transport and treat of water; iii. collect, transport, treatment and final dispose of sanitary sewage; and iv. adoption of other actions of basic and environmental sanitation. The Company operates under an authorization by public deed in municipalities in that region and in the Ribeira valley, where the Company started to operate after the merger of the companies that formed it. In September 2015, the Company entered into a water supply and sewage public utility services agreement with the municipality of Santos, where it operated under a public deed of authorization. As of December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of the municipality of Santos’ intangible assets was R$310,693 (R$205,261 in December 2014) and gross revenue in the year ended December 31, 2015 was R$269,530 (R$231,493 in December 2014). Article 58 of Law 11,445/07 determines that precarious and overdue concessions, as well as those effective for an undetermined period of time, including those that do not have an instrument formalizing them, will be valid until December 31, 2010, however, Article 2 of Law 12,693 of July 24, 2012, which amended Article 7°-A of Law 11,578, of November 26, 2007, allows program agreements to be executed until December 31, 2016. The Company’s Management understands that the concession agreements not yet renewed are valid and will be governed by Laws 8,987/95 and 11,445/07, including those municipalities served without an agreement. Public deeds are valid and governed by the Brazilian Civil Code. F-11 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The Company's shares have been listed in the Novo Mercado (New Market) segment of BM&FBovespa under the ticker symbol SBSP3 since April 2002 and on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) Level III, under the SBS code, since May 2002. Since 2008, the Company has been setting up partnerships with other companies, which resulted in the following companies: Sesamm, Águas de Andradina, Saneaqua Mairinque, Aquapolo Ambiental, Águas de Castilho, Attend Ambiental and Paulista Geradora de Energia. Although SABESP has no majority interest in the capital stock of these companies, the shareholders’ agreements provide for the power of veto and casting vote in certain issues jointly with associates, indicating the shared control in the management of investees. Water shortage in 2014-2015 – the Company’s operations have been influenced by the lowest rainfall and inflow never seen in 85 years, especially at the reservoirs composing the Cantareira System which, under usual conditions, is liable for the direct supply of approximately 8.8 million people. During the rainy seasons from October 2013 to March 2014, and October 2014 to March 2015, rainfall was well below average. This situation continued throughout 2014 and in most of the months in 2015. In order to deal with this situation and maintain the non-stop supply in 2014 and 2015, the Company has adopted several measures since February 2014, such as: • Using pumps to remove water below the catchment level of the Cantareira System, the so-called “technical reserve”; • Offering financial incentives to reduce consumption through bonus granted to consumers, whose volume consumed is below the average stipulated; • Using treated water from other producing systems to serve consumers previously supplied by the Cantareira System; • Intensifying the advertising campaigns towards the rational use of water; • Reducing pressure in the distribution network, in order to prevent water losses; • Adjusting the treated water volume sold to municipalities which operate their own distribution networks, due to lower availability; • Anticipating investments to expand water safety in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo - RMSP • Performing short-term emergency works to increase water availability in the reservoirs, improving and optimizing supply systems in the RMSP, thereby lessening the impacts arising from the drought; • Installing ultrafiltration membranes which enabled rapid increase in the Guarapiranga and Rio Grande Systems’ water production; and • Implementing the contingency tariff for consumers whose volume consumed is above the average stipulated. At the end of September, the 2015 main work was concluded and delivered to contribute to the water supply in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. This interconnection will enable the transfer of up to 4m³/s of the Rio Grande Reservoir (Billings) to the Alto Tietê System, bringing more water safety so that this system expand to regions previously served only by the Cantareira System. F-12 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The water reservation volume relies on several factors, such as levels of rain, temperature and atmospheric humidity, as well as the type and humidity of soil in water resources regions. This scenario of water shortage also had adverse effects for the Company. As a result, since 2014 up to date, the Company has taken several decisions to minimize these effects, such as: Rearrangement of investments; • Expense budget reduction, • Negotiation of overdue receivables (until December 31, 2015, the Company included in the State CADIN a total of 33 municipalities with unpaid water bills, including those municipalities served by wholesale); • Contracting guarantee insurance for escrow deposits; and • Application of the extraordinary tariff revision outcome since June 2015. The Company’s Management expects that these measures and its impacts in the generation of operating cash and the lines of credit available for investments, will be sufficient to meet its short-term liabilities and not compromise the actions necessary to overcome the water shortage, preserving consumers’ supply. See other disclosures about this matter in the Note 25 – operating revenue. The financial statements were approved by the Management on May 11, 2016. 2 Basisofpreparationandpresentationofthefinancialstatements The financial statements of the Company have been prepared pursuant to the International Financial Reporting Standards – IFRS, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board – IASB. All material information related to the financial statements, and this information alone, is being disclosed and corresponds to the information used by the Company’s Management in its administration. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost except for certain financial instruments, which were measured at fair value according to IFRS. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree to judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements are described in Note 6. 3 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The main accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are defined below. These policies have been applied consistently in all years presented. F-13 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 3.1 Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, bank deposits, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities less than three months as of the investment date, with an insignificant risk of changing value, as well as current account overdrafts. 3.2 Financial assets and liabilities Financial Assets - Classification The Company classifies its financial assets according to the following categories: measured at fair value through profit or loss, borrowings and receivables, held-to-maturity and available for sale. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of the financial assets at inception. As of December 31, 2015 the Company held CTEEP shares only, classified as held-for-trading financial assets, which were measured at fair value through profit or loss. As of December 31, 2014, the Company did not have financial assets classified under the fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity and available-for-sale financial instruments category. Borrowings and receivables These comprise receivables, which are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments, not quoted in an active market. Borrowings and receivables are presented in current assets, except for those with maturity of more than 12 months after the statement of financial position date (these are classified as noncurrent assets). The Company's borrowings and receivables include cash and cash equivalents, restrict cash, balances of trade receivables, accounts receivable from related parties, other receivables, receivables from the Water National Agency – ANA. Borrowings and receivables are recorded at fair value and subsequently at amortized cost, under the effective interest rate method. Financial Liabilities - Classification The Company classifies its financial liabilities into the following categories: measured at fair value through profit or loss and other liabilities. Classification depends on the purpose to which the financial liabilities were assumed. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have liabilities classified into the “fair value through profit or loss” category. Other liabilities This category comprises balances payable to contractors and suppliers, borrowings and financing, services payable, balances payable from public-private partnership (PPP), and program contract commitments. The effective interest rate method is adopted to calculate the amortized cost of a financial liability and allocate its interest expense under the respective period. The effective interest rate exactly deducts the estimated future cash flows (including fees, transaction costs and other issue costs) throughout the financial liability’s estimated life or, when appropriate, during a shorter period, for initial recognition of the net carrying amount. F-14 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 3.3 Operating income (a) Revenue from water and sewage services Revenue from water supply and sewage collection are recognized as the water is consumed and services are provided. Revenues, including the revenues unbilled, are recognized at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of those services. Revenue is shown net of value-added tax, rebates and discounts. Revenues from unbilled represent incurred revenues in which the services were provided, but not yet billed until the end of the each period. Water supply and sewage services are recorded as trade receivables based on monthly estimates of the completed services. Concerning revenues of wholesale municipal governments, which do not pay the full invoice, the Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts upon invoicing in revenue reduction account. The Company recognizes revenue when: i) products are delivered or services are rendered; ii) the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, iii) it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company and iv) it is probable that the amounts will be collected. The amount of revenue is not considered to be reliably measurable until all conditions relating to the sale have been satisfied. Amounts in dispute are recognized as revenue when collected. (b) Construction revenue Revenue from concession construction contracts is recognized in accordance with IAS 11 (Construction Contracts), using the percentage-of-completion method, provided that the applicable conditions for application are fulfilled. The percentage of completion is calculated from the ratio of the actual costs incurred on the balance sheet date to the planned total costs (cost-to-cost method). Revenue from cost plus contracts is recognized by reference to the construction costs incurred during the period plus a fee earned. The fee represents the additional margin related to the work performed by the Company in relation to such construction contracts and it is added to the construction costs incurred and the total is recognized as construction revenue. 3.4 Trade receivables and allowance for doubtful accounts Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for services performed in the ordinary course of business. These are classified as current assets, except when maturity exceeds 12 months after the end of the reporting period. In these cases, they are presented as noncurrent assets. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts for receivable balances in an amount that is deemed by Management to be sufficient to cover probable losses in accounts receivable, based on the analysis of the history of receipts and current guarantees and it does not expect to incur in additional significant losses. 3.5 Inventories F-15 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Inventories of supplies for consumption and maintenance of the water and sewage systems are stated at the lower of average cost of acquisition or realizable value, and are classified in current assets. 3.6 Investment Properties The investment properties are recorded at the acquisition or construction cost, less accumulated depreciation, except for the land group, calculated by the straight-line method at rates that consider the estimated useful life of assets. Expenditures related to repairs and maintenance are recorded in the income statement when incurred. The Company also maintains few assets for indeterminate use in the future, i.e., it is not defined if the Company will use the property in the operation or sell the property in the short term during the ordinary course of business. 3.7 Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment comprise mainly administrative facilities not composing the assets, subject-matter of the concession agreements. Those assets are stated at historical acquisition or construction cost less depreciation, net of impairment charge, when necessary. Interest, other finance charges and inflationary effects deriving from financing effectively applied to construction in progress are recorded as cost of respective property, plant and equipment. Subsequent costs included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they were incurred. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost and is described in Note 15(c). Lands are not depreciated. Residual values and the useful life of assets are revised and adjusted, where applicable, at the end of each year. Gain and losses on disposals are determined by the difference between the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognized within other operating income (expenses) in the income statement. 3.8 Intangible assets Intangibles are stated at acquisition cost and/or construction of the underlying assets, including construction margin, interest and other finance charges capitalized during the construction period, in this case, for the qualifying assets. Qualifying assets are assets that, necessarily, take a substantial period to get ready for its intended use or sale. The Company considers that substantial period means a period greater than 12 months. This period was established by considering the completion period of the majority of its constructions, which is greater than 12 months, which corresponds to one fiscal year of SABESP. F-16 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The intangible has its amortization initiated when the intangible assets are available for use in location and the necessary condition when this asset becomes operational. The amortization of intangible assets reflects the period over the expected future economic benefits generated by the intangible asset are consumed by the Company and can be the period of the contract or the useful life of the asset. The amortization of the intangible assets is discontinued when the asset is totally consumed or it is disposed of, whatever occurs first. Donations in assets to the concession grantor received from third parties and governmental entities to allow the Company to render water and sewage supply services are not recorded in the Company’s financial statements, since these assets are controlled by the concession grantor. Financial resources received as donations for the construction of infrastructure are recorded under “Other operating income”. (a) Concession arrangements/programs The Company operates concession agreements including the rendering of basic sanitation, environmental, water supply and sewage collection services signed with the concession grantor. The infrastructure used by SABESP subject to service concession arrangements is considered to be controlled by the concession grantor when: (i) The grantor controls or regulates what services the operator must provide with the infrastructure, to whom it must provide them, and at what price; and (ii) The grantor controls the infrastructure, i.e., retains the right to take back the infrastructure at the end of the concession. SABESP's rights over infrastructure operated under concession arrangements is accounted for as an intangible asset as SABESP has the right to charge for use of the infrastructure assets, and users (consumers) have the primary responsibility to pay SABESP for the services. The fair value of construction and other work on the infrastructure is recognized as revenue, as its fair value, when the infrastructure is built, provided that this work is expected to generate future economic benefits. The accounting policy to recognize construction revenue is described in Note 3.3 “Operating income”. Intangible assets related to Concession agreements and Program contracts, when there is no right to receive the residual value of the assets at the end of the contract, are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of the contract, or the useful life of the underlying asset, whichever occurs first. Investments made and not recovered through rendering of services, within the agreement term, must be indemnified by the concession grantor, (1) with cash or cash equivalents or also, in general (2) with the contract extension. These investments are amortized by the useful life of asset. F-17 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Law 11,445/07 indicates, whenever possible, that basic sanitation public utilities will have the economic and financial sustainability ensured through the remuneration due to service collection, preferably as tariffs and other public prices, which may be established for each service or both jointly. Therefore, investments made and not recovered through services rendered, within original term of the contract, are recorded as intangible assets and amortized by the useful life of the asset, taking into consideration a solid track record of concession renewal and, therefore, the continuity of services. (b) Software licenses Software licensing is capitalized based on the acquisition costs and other implementation costs. Amortizations are recorded according to the useful lives and the expenses associated with maintaining these are recognized as expenses when incurred. 3.9 Impairment of non-financial assets Property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other noncurrent assets with definite useful lives, are yearly reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company does not record assets with indefinite useful life and assessed that there are no indications of impairment losses, mainly supported by Law 11,445/07, which ensures that basic sanitation public utilities will have assured its economic and financial sustainability through tariffs or via indemnity. 3.10 Trade accounts payable and contractors Accounts payable to contractors and suppliers are obligations to pay for goods or services purchased from suppliers in the ordinary course of business and are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due in the period up to one year. Otherwise, the accounts payable are presented as noncurrent liabilities and are initially measured at fair value, which generally correspond to the bill and subsequently at amortized cost. 3.11 Borrowings and financing Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, upon receipt of funds, net of transaction costs. Subsequently, borrowings are stated at amortized cost, as presented in Note 16. Borrowings and financing are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period. Nonconvertible debentures issued by the Company are recognized in a similar manner to borrowings. 3.12 Borrowing costs Borrowing costs attributable to acquisition, construction or production of an asset, which, necessarily, requires a substantial time period to be ready for use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of these assets. Other borrowing costs are recognized as expenses in the period they are incurred. Borrowing costs are interest rates and other charges incurred by the Company related to loans, including exchange variation, as described below. F-18 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The capitalization occurs during the period in which the asset has been built, considering the weighted average rate of loans effective on the capitalization date. For foreign currency-denominated loans or financing, the Company analyzes them as if they were contracted in local currency, restricting the capitalization of interest and/or exchange variation by the amount that would be capitalized if these were contracted in the domestic market in similar lines of credit and loans. 3.13 Payroll and related charges Salaries include an accrual for vacations and the 13th salary and additional payments negotiated in collective labor agreements plus related charges and are recorded on the accrual basis. 3.14 Profit sharing The Company's profit sharing plan for its employees is based on operational and financial targets of the Company as a whole. The Company recognizes a provision when it is contractually required or when there is a practice in the past that created a constructive obligation. The accrual for profit sharing is recorded on the accrual basis period as operating expenses and operating cost. 3.15 Provisions, legal liabilities, escrow deposits and contingent assets Provisions related to claims are recognized when: i) the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; ii) it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and iii) the amount can be reliably estimated. Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. Provisions are measured at the present value of the disbursements expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognized as interest expense. For financial statement presentation purposes, the provision is stated net of the related escrow deposits based on the legal right to offset. The bases and the nature of the provisions for civil, tax, labor and environmental risks are described in Note 19. Escrow deposits not linked to related liabilities are recorded in noncurrent assets. Escrow deposits are restated for inflation. Contingent assets are not recognized in the books. 3.16 Environmental costs F-19 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Costs related to ongoing environmental programs are expensed in the income statement, when there is any indication of an event. Ongoing programs are designed to minimize the environmental impact of the operations and to manage the environmental risks inherent to the Company's activities. 3.17 Income taxes – current and deferred Income taxes expenses comprise current and deferred income tax and social contributions. Current tax The provision for income tax and social contribution is based on the taxable income for the year. The income tax was accrued at rate 15%, plus 10% surtax on taxable income exceeding R$ 240. The social contribution was accrued at rate 9% over adjusted net income. Taxable income differs from net income (profit presented in the income statement), because it excludes income and expenses taxable or deductible in other years, and excludes items not permanently taxable or not deductible. Income tax and social contribution are accrued based on legislation in place in the end of the year. Management periodically evaluates and measures the positions taken in the income tax return with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Deferred tax Deferred income tax is recognized, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements, according to IAS 12. However, the deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit nor loss, except for business combinations. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) effective at the end of the reporting period and expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred income tax and social contribution assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available for which temporary differences can be utilized and tax losses can be carryforward. Deferred taxes assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right of offsetting current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when deferred income tax assets and liabilities are related to income taxes levied by same tax authority over the tax entity. 3.18 Taxes on revenues Revenues from water and sewage services are recognized on accrual basis for PASEP and Cofins, calculated at the rates of 1.65% and 7.60%, respectively. Taxes levied on billed amounts to public entities are due when bills are received. F-20 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated As these taxes are calculated by the non-cumulativeness regime and presented net of tax credits, as deductions from gross revenues. Debts measured on “other operating income” are presented as deductions from the respective operating income or expense. 3.19 Pension obligations (a) Defined benefit The Company makes contributions to defined benefit plans on a contractual basis and sponsored thereby, managed by Fundação Sabesp de Seguridade Social (“Sabesprev”), a supplementary private pension closely-held entity. The regular contributions comprise the net administrative expenses and are recognized in the income statement for the period. Liabilities from defined benefit pension plan obligations correspond to the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period, less the fair value of the plan’s assets. The defined benefit obligation (G1) and (G0) are calculated on an annual basis by independent actuaries, using the projected unit credit method. The estimated future cash outflows is discounted to its present value, using the interest rates of Government bonds with maturities that approximate the maturity of the related liability. Referring to actuarial gains and losses deriving from adjustments based on the experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are directly recorded under equity, as other comprehensive income (OCI), so that the plan's net assets or liabilities are recognized in the statement of financial position in order to reflect the full amount of plan’s deficit or surplus. The expenses related to pension plan are recognized in profit and loss of the year as operating cost, selling expenses or administrative expenses, according to employee’s allocation. In an event where a curtailment relates to only some of the employees covered by a plan, or where only part of an obligation is settled, the gain or loss includes a proportionate share of the past service cost and actuarial gains and losses. The proportionate share is determined on the basis of the present value of the obligations before and after the curtailment or settlement. (b) Defined contribution The Company makes contributions to defined contribution plans (Sabesprev Mais) on a contractual basis and sponsored thereby, managed by Sabesprev, a supplementary private pension closely-held entity that provides post-employment benefits to its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan according to which the Company makes fixed contributions to a separate entity. The Company has no obligation of making contributions if the fund has no sufficient funds to pay to all employees the benefits related to employee’s services in current and previous period. 3.20 Financial revenues and expenses F-21 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Financial revenue is primarily comprised of interest, inflation adjustments and exchange rate changes resulting from financial investments, escrow deposits and negotiations with customer to pay by installments, using the effective interest rate method. Financial expenses are primarily comprised of interest, inflation adjustments and exchange rate changes on borrowings and financing, provisions, public- private partnership, program contract commitments and provisions. These financial income and expenses are calculated using the effective interest rate method. Inflation adjustments and exchange gains and losses derive from the collection or payment to third parties, as contractually required by law or court decision, and recognized on an accrual basis pro rata temporis. Inflation adjustments included in the agreements are not considered embedded derivatives, since they are deemed as inflation adjustment rates for the Company’s economic scenario. 3.21 Leases Lease agreements are classified as finance lease when property, risks and rewards inherent to the ownership of asset to the lessee are transferred. Other leases are classified as operational lease, recognized as expenses in the income statement on a straight-line basis during the lease term. Finance lease agreements are measured based on the lower amount between the present value of minimum mandatory payments of the agreement or the fair value of asset on the start date the lease agreement. The amounts payable deriving from considerations of finance lease agreements are recognized and allocated between financial expenses and amortization of finance lease payables so that to obtain a constant interest rate. The corresponding lessor’s liability is recorded as current and noncurrent debt. 3.22 Other current and noncurrent assets and liabilities Other assets are stated at cost of acquisition, net of any impairment loss, where applicable. The amounts recognized as other liabilities are stated at known or estimated amounts, including, where applicable, related charges and inflation adjustments. 3.23 Dividends and Interest on capital The Company uses the tax benefits of distributing dividends as interest on capital, as permitted by Brazilian Law. This distribution of dividend is accounted for in accordance with Brazilian Law 9249/95 for tax deductibility purposes, limited to the daily pro rata fluctuation of the Long-term Interest Rate (TJLP). The benefit attributed to the shareholders is recognized in the current liability against Equity, based on its by-laws. Dividends and interest on capital over the minimum established in the by-laws are recognized when approved by the shareholders in the shareholders’ meeting. The tax effects of the interest on capital are recognized in the income statement of the year, under the same recognition basis. F-22 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 3.24 Present value adjustment Current and noncurrent financial assets and liabilities are adjusted to present value based on discount rate at current market rate as of the transaction date, when the effects are relevant. 3.25 Segment information Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the Management internal reporting to make strategic decisions, allocate resources and evaluate the operating segment performance. Based on how the Company treats its business and how decision-making of resources allocation is made, two operating segments (water and sewage) were stated for financial reporting purposes, detailed in Note 24. 3.26 Translation into foreign currency (a) Functional and reporting currency Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the company operates ("the functional currency"). The financial statements are presented in Brazilian reais (R$), which is also the Company's functional currency. All financial information has been stated in reais and rounded to the next thousand, except where otherwise indicated. (b) Foreign currency translation Foreign currency-denominated transactions are translated into Brazilian reais using the exchange rates prevailing at the transaction dates. Balance sheet accounts are translated by the exchange rate prevailing at balance sheet date. Exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of these transactions and the translation of foreign currency-denominated cash assets and liabilities are recognized in the income statement, except for borrowings and financing referring to property, plant and equipment or intangible assets in progress, where exchange losses are recognized as corresponding entry to the asset while construction is in progress, as described in Note 3.12. 4 Changes in accounting practices anddisclosures 4.1 New standards, amendments and interpretations effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015 New standards and revisions Standard Key requirements Effectiveness date Amendments to IAS 19 – Defined Benefit Plans: Employee Contributions The amendments to IAS 19 clarify the accounting treatment to be given to employee or third-party contributions in a defined benefit plan. In accordance with the amendments, arbitrary contributions by employees or third parties reduce the cost of service by paying these contributions to the plan. When the formal terms of the plan specify employee or third-party contributions, their recognition depends on whether the contributions are associated with the service. January 1, 2015 F-23 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Analysis of the impact of the new rules, amendments or interpretations of the rules to the Company: Amendments to IAS 19 – Defined Benefit Plan: Employee Contribution The application of this interpretation did not materially impact reporting or the amounts recognized in the annual financial statements. 4.2 New standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that are not yet effective The Company did not early adopt the new and revised IFRSs below: IFRS 9 IFRS 15 Financial Instruments2 Revenue from Contracts with Customers2 Amendments to IFRS 11 Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in Joint Operations 1 IAS 1 Disclosure Initiative1 Amendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38 Clarification on Acceptable Depreciation and Amortization Methods1 Amendments to IAS 27 Equity Valuation Method in Separate Financial Statements1 1 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016. 2 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. F-24 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 5 Risk Management 5.1 Financial Risk Management Financial risk factors The Company's activities are affected by Brazilian economic scenario, making it exposed to market risk (exchange rate and interest rate), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s financial risk management is focused on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company’s financial performance. The Company has not utilized derivative instruments in any of the reported periods. (a) Market risk Foreign currency risk SABESP’s foreign exchange exposure implies market risks associated with currency fluctuations since the Company has foreign currency-denominated liabilities, mainly US dollar and yen-denominated short and long-term loans. The management of SABESP’s foreign currency exposure considers several current and projected economic factors, besides market conditions. This risk arises from the possibility that the Company may incur in losses due to exchange rate fluctuations that would impact liability balances of foreign currency-denominated borrowings and financing raised in the market and related financial expenses. The Company does not maintain hedge or swap contracts or any derivative financial instrument to hedge against this risk. A significant amount of the Company’s financial debt is indexed to the U.S. dollar and Yen, in the total amount of R$6,640,256 as of December 31, 2015 (R$4,363,898 in December 2014). Below, the Company’s exposure to exchange risk: F-25 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Borrowings and financing – US$ Borrowings and financing – Yen Interest and charges from borrowings s and financing – US$ Interest and charges from borrowings and financing – Yen Total exposure Borrowing cost– US$ Borrowing cost – Yen Total foreign currency-denominated loans (Note 16) December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Foreign currency R$ Foreign currency R$ 1,242,273 53,906,927 1,231,188 48,066,910 4,850,827 1,748,202 29,813 11,414 6,640,256 (19,786) (2,646) 6,617,824 3,270,282 1,068,527 17,703 7,386 4,363,898 (15,519) (2,087) 4,346,292 The 52% increase in foreign currency-denominated debt between December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2015 was mainly due to the following: 1) 2) Exchange rate changes, due to the 47% increase in the US dollar, from R$2.6562 on December 31, 2014 to R$3.9048 as of December 31, 2015. The US dollar-denominated debt account for 73.5% of foreign-currency denominated debts; and A 12% increase in the Yen-denominated debt and 45.9% increase in the Yen, from R$0.02223 as of December 31, 2014 to R$0.03243 as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, if the Brazilian real had depreciated or appreciated by 10%, in addition to the impacts mentioned above, against the US dollar and Yen with all other variables held constant, effects on results before taxes on the year would have been R$664,026 (R$436,390 in December 2014), lower or higher, mainly as a result of exchange losses or gains on the translation of foreign currency-denominated loans. Interest rate risk This risk arises from the possibility that the Company could incur losses due to fluctuations in interest rates, increasing the financial expenses related to borrowings and financing. The Company has not entered into any derivative contract to hedge against this risk; however continually monitors market interest rates, in order to evaluate the possible need to replace its debt. The table below provides the Company's borrowings and financing subject to variable interest rate: F-26 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated TR(i) CDI(ii) TJLP(iii) IPCA(iv) LIBOR(v) Interest and charges Total December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 1,498,085 1,617,191 1,114,977 1,623,201 2,926,628 144,546 8,924,628 1,578,250 1,712,010 1,059,074 1,492,320 1,953,989 133,776 7,929,419 (i) TR – Interest Benchmark Rate (ii) CDI (Certificado de Depósito Interbancário), an interbank deposit certificate (iii) TJLP (Taxa de Juros a Longo Prazo), a long-term interest rate index (iv) IPCA (Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo), a consumer price index (v) LIBOR - London Interbank Offered Rate Another risk to which the Company is exposed, is the mismatch of the monetary restatement indices of its debts with those of its service revenues. Water supply and sewage services tariff adjustments do not necessarily follow the increases in the inflation indexes to adjust loans, financing and interest rates affecting the Company's indebtedness. As of December 31, 2015, if interest rates on borrowings and financing had been 1% higher or lower with all other variables held constant, the effects on profit for the year before taxes would have been R$89,246 (R$79,294 in December 2014) lower or higher, mainly as a result of a lower or higher interest expense on floating rate borrowings and financing. (b) Credit risk Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, deposits in banks and financial institutions, as well as credit exposures to wholesale basis and retail customers, including outstanding accounts receivable, restricted cash and accounts receivable from related parties. Credit risk exposure to customers is mitigated by sales to a dispersed base. The maximum exposures to credit risk as of December 31, 2015 are the carrying amounts of instruments classified as cash equivalents, deposits in banks and financial institutions, restricted cash, trade receivables and accounts receivable from related parties in the balance sheet date. See additional information in Notes 7, 8, 9 and 10. Regarding the financial assets held with financial institutions, the credit quality that is not past due or subject to provision for impairment can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates. The credit quality of counterparties which are banks, such as deposits and financial investments, the Company considers the lower rating of the counterparty published by three main international rating agencies (Fitch, Moody's and S&P), according to internal policy of market risk management: F-27 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Cash at bank and short-term bank deposits AAA (bra) Outros (*) December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 1,638,589 625 1,639,214 1,722,347 644 1,722,991 (*) This category includes current accounts and investment funds in banks which have no credit rating information available. The available credit rating information of the banks, as at December 31, 2015, in which the Company made deposit transactions and financial investments in domestic currency (R$ - domestic rating) during the year is as follows: Banks Banco do Brasil S/A Banco Santander Brasil S/A Brazilian Federal Savings Bank Banco Bradesco S/A Itaú Unibanco Holding S/A (c) Liquidity risk Fitch AAA(bra) AAA(bra) AAA(bra) AAA(bra) AAA(bra) Moody's Standard Poor's Aaa.br Aaa.br Aaa.br Aaa.br Aaa.br - brAA+ brAAA brAA+ brAA+ The Company's liquidity is primarily reliant upon cash provided by operating activities, loans from Brazilian Federal and State governmental financial institutions, and financing in the domestic and international capital markets. The liquidity risk management considers the assessment of its liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet its operating and capital expenditures needs, as well as the payment of debts. The funds held by the Company are invested in interest-bearing current accounts, time deposits and securities, selecting instruments with appropriate maturity or liquidity sufficient to provide margin as determined by projections mentioned above. The table below shows the financial liabilities of the Company and São Lourenço PPP’s commitments, into relevant maturities, including the installment of principal and future interest to be paid according to the agreement. F-28 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 onwards Total As of December 31, 2015 Liabilities Borrowings and financing 2,030,336 2,016,107 1,809,898 1,870,480 2,605,815 6,308,623 16,641,259 Accounts payable to suppliers and contractors Services payable Public-private partnership -PPP (*) Program contract commitments 248,158 387,279 46,038 238,883 - - 46,038 37,979 - - 332,930 27,520 - - 332,930 27,730 - - - - 248,158 387,279 332,930 5,385,395 6,476,261 834 16,828 349,774 (*) The Company also considered future commitments (construction not yet performed) still not recognized in the financial statements related to São Lourenço PPP, due to the relevance of future cash flows, the impacts on its operations and the fact the Company already has formalized this commitment through an agreement signed by the parties. Future interest Future interest was calculated based on the contractual clauses for all agreements. For agreements with floating interest rate, the interest rates used correspond to the base dates above. Cross default The Company has loan and financing agreements including cross default clauses, i.e., the early maturity of any debt may imply the early maturity of these agreements. The indicators are continuously monitored in order to avoid the execution of this clause. (d) Other price risks The Company is exposed to the price risk of investment in equity instruments of Companhia de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica Paulista – CTEEP, solely held for trading purposes in the short term. These shares were received in March 2015 as payment for the 24 initial installments of the GESP Agreement (Note 10 (a) (vii)). The balance totaled R$101,500 as of December 31, 2015 and is recorded under “other receivables” in current assets. Sensitivity analysis of equity instruments price The sensitivity analysis was determined based on the exposure to the equity instruments price at the end of the reporting period. F-29 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated As of December 31, 2015, if the equity instrument had appreciated or depreciated by 10%, compared to its market value, with all other variables held constant, the effect on results before taxes on the year would R$10,150, higher or lower. 5.2 Capital management The Company's objectives when managing capital are ensure its ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. The Company monitors capital based on the leverage ratio. This ratio corresponds to net debt divided by total capital. Net debt corresponds to total borrowings and financing less cash and cash equivalents. Total capital is calculated as total equity as shown in the statement of financial position plus net debt. Total borrowings and financing(Note 16) (-)Cash and cash equivalents(Note 7) Net debt Total equity Total capital Leverage ratio December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 13,121,600 (1,639,214) 11,482,386 13,716,606 10,785,767 (1,722,991) 9,062,776 13,304,403 25,198,992 22,367,179 46% 41% As of December 31, 2015, the leverage ratio increased to 46% from the 41% as of December 31, 2014, due to the increased balance of foreign currency- denominated loan and financing as a result of 47% and 45.9% appreciations of the US dollar and the Yen, respectively, in 2015. 5.3 Fair valueestimates It is assumed that balances from trade receivables (current) and accounts payable to suppliers by carrying amount, less impairment approximate their fair values, considering the short maturity. Long-term trade receivables also approximate their fair values, as they will be adjusted by inflation and/or will bear contractual interest rates over time. F-30 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 5.4 Financial instruments The Company has CTEEP’s shares, which are classified as financial asset held for trading and are recognized at fair value through profit or loss. This is the only financial instrument item in this category as of December 31, 2015. The Company’s financial instruments included in the borrowings and receivables category comprise cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, balances with related parties, other receivables, and balances receivable from the Water National Agency – ANA. The financial instruments under the “other liabilities” category comprise accounts payable to contractors and suppliers, borrowings and financing, balances payable deriving from the Public Private Partnership-PPP and program contract commitments, which are non-derivative financial assets and liabilities with fixed or determinable payments, not quoted in an active market. As of December 31, 2015, the Company did not have financial liabilities classified as fair value through profit or loss. The estimated fair values of financial instruments are as follows: Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Tradereceivables Water National Agency – ANA Financial assets held for trading (*) Other receivables December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Carrying amount Fair value Carrying amount Fair value 1,639,214 1,639,214 29,156 29,156 1,509,588 1,509,588 88,368 101,500 196,118 88,368 101,500 196,118 1,722,991 19,750 1,224,278 122,634 - 1,722,991 19,750 1,224,278 122,634 - 187,950 187,950 (*) Amount recorded in “Other receivables” in the current assets. Additionally, SABESP has financial instrument assets receivables from related parties, in the amount of R$872,107 as of December 31, 2015 (R$223,983 as of December 31, 2014), which were calculated in accordance with the conditions negotiated between related parties. The conditions and additional information referring to these financial instruments are disclosed in Note 10 to the financial statements. Part of this balance, in the amount of R$786,501 (R$155,493 as of December 31, 2014), refers to reimbursement of additional retirement and pension plan - G0 and is indexed by IPCA plus simple interest of 0.5% p.m. This interest rate approximates that one practiced by federal government bonds (NTN-b) with terms similar to those of related-party transactions. For financial assets held for trading, the balance of which is measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recorded in the financial statements, SABESP measured such fair value at level 1 inputs, as required by the international financial reporting standards and the accounting practices adopted in Brazil, considering share price through quotation at the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) as of December 31, 2015. F-31 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Financial liabilities Borrowings and financing Trade payables and contractors Services payable Program contract commitments Public-private partnership - PPP December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Carrying amount Fair value Carrying amount Fair value 13,121,600 12,625,454 10,785,767 10,641,611 248,158 387,279 320,714 248,158 387,279 320,714 1,035,033 1,035,033 323,513 318,973 207,759 368,283 323,513 318,973 207,759 368,283 To obtain fair value of borrowings and financing, the following criteria have been adopted: (i) Agreements with Banco do Brasil and CEF (Federal Savings Bank) were projected until final maturity, at contractual rates (projected TR + spread) and discounted at present value by TR x DI, both rates were obtained from BM&FBovespa. (ii) Debentures were projected up to the final maturity date according to contractual rates (IPCA, DI, TJLP or TR), and discounted to present value considering the future interest rate published by ANBIMA in the secondary market, or by market equivalent rates, or the Company’s share traded in the Brazilian market. (iii) BNDES loans are financial instruments valued at carrying amount plus contractual interest rate until the maturity date, and are indexed by long term interest rate – TJLP. These financing have specific characteristics and the conditions defined in the financing agreements with BNDES between independent parties, and reflect the conditions for those types of loan. In Brazil, a consolidated market of long-term debts does not exist with the same characteristics of BNDES financing, the offering of credit to the entities in general, with this long-term characteristic, usually is restricted to BNDES. (iv) Other financing in local currency are considered by carrying amount plus contractual interest rate till mature date, discounted to present value considering a future interest rate published by BM&FBovespa. (v) Agreements with BID and IBRD, were projected until final maturity in origin currency, applying interest rates contracted, discounted at present value at Libor futures rate, obtained from Bloomberg. Eurobonds were priced at market value through quotes published by Bloomberg. All the amounts obtained were translated into Brazilian reais at the exchange rate of December 31, 2015. F-32 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated (vi) Agreements with JICA, were projected until final maturity in origin currency, using interest rates contracted and discounted at present value, at Tibor futures rate obtained from Bloomberg. The amounts obtained were translated into Brazilian reais at the exchange rate of December 31, 2015. (vii) Leases are financial instruments considered by face value restated until maturity date, whose characteristic is the indexation by fixed contractual rate, which is a specific type, not compared to any other market rate. Thus, the Company discloses as market capitalization, the amount recorded as of December 31, 2015. Considering the nature of other financial instruments, assets and liabilities of the Company, the balances recognized in the statement of financial position approximate the fair values, taking into account the maturities close to the end of the reporting period, comparison of contractual interest rates with market rates in similar operations at the end of the reporting periods, their nature and maturity terms. 6 Key accounting estimates andjudgments Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and on other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates, by definition, may differ from actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are addressed below: (a) Allowance for doubtful accounts The Company records allowance for doubtful accounts in an amount that Management considers sufficient to cover probable losses, based on an analysis of trade receivables, in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 3.4. The methodology for determining the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable requires significant estimates, considering a number of factors including historical receipt experience, current economic trends, estimates of forecast write-offs, the aging of the accounts receivable portfolio. While the Company believes that the estimates used are reasonable, actual results could differ from those estimates. (b) Intangible assets arising from concession and program contracts The Company recognizes as intangible assets arising from concession agreements. The Company estimates the fair value of construction and other work on the infrastructure to recognize the cost of the intangible asset, which is recognized when the infrastructure is built and provided that it will generate future economic benefits. The great majority of the Company's contracts for service concession arrangements entered with each grantor is under service concession agreements in which the Company has the right to receive, at the end of the contract, a payment equivalent to the unamortized asset balance of the concession intangible asset, which in this case, are amortized over the useful life of the underlying physical assets, thus at the end of the contract, the remaining value of the intangible would be equal to the residual value of the related fixed asset. F-33 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Concession intangible assets under Concession agreements and Program contracts, in which, at the end of the contract, the Company has no right to receive a payment equivalent to the unamortized asset balance of the concession intangible, are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of asset or contract period, which occurs first. Additional information on the accounting for intangible assets arising from concession agreements is described in Note 3.8. The recognition of fair value for the intangible assets arising on concession agreements is subject to assumptions and estimates, and the use of different assumptions could affect the balances recorded. Different assumptions and estimates and changes in the useful lives of the intangible assets may have relevant impacts on the results of operations. (c) Provisions The Company is party to a number of legal proceedings involving significant claims. These legal proceedings include, but are not limited to, tax, labor, civil, environmental, disputes with customers and suppliers. The Company accrues for lawsuits to which it is probable that an outflow will be necessary to settle the liability and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. Judgments regarding future events may differ significantly from actual estimates and could exceed the amounts provisioned. Provisions are revised and adjusted to take into consideration changes in circumstances involved. Additional information of these legal proceedings is disclosed in Note 19. (d) Pension benefits The Company sponsors the defined benefit plan and the defined contribution plan, as described in Note 20. The liability recognized in the balance sheet in relation to defined benefit pension plans is the present value of defined benefit obligation on the balance sheet date, less the fair value of plan assets. The benefit obligation is calculated yearly by independent actuaries, applying the projected credit unit method. The present value of defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows, using interest rates compatible with the market, which are denominated in currency in which benefits will be paid and with maturity terms close to those of corresponding pension plan obligation. (e) Deferred income tax and social contribution The Company recognizes and settles taxes on income based on the results of operations verified according to the Brazilian Corporation Law, taking into consideration the provisions of the tax laws. Pursuant to IAS 12, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the accounting balances and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. F-34 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The Company regularly reviews the recoverability of deferred tax assets and recognizes a provision for impairment if it is probable that these assets will not be realized, based on the historic taxable income, in the projection of future taxable income and the estimated period of reversing temporary differences. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions. The use of different estimates and assumptions could result in provision for impairment of all or a significant amount of deferred tax assets. 7 Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and banks Cash equivalents December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 77,233 1,561,981 1,639,214 118,226 1,604,765 1,722,991 Cash and cash equivalents include cash, bank deposits and high-liquidity short-term financial investments, mainly represented by repurchase agreements (accruing CDI interest rates), deposited at Banco do Brasil, whose original maturities are lower than three months, which are convertible into a cash amount and subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. The average yield of financial investments corresponds to 99.24% of CDI in December 2015 (99.68% in December 2014). 8 Restricted cash Current Agreement with the São Paulo municipal government (i) Funds raised with the BNDES (ii) Brazilian Federal Savings – escrow deposit (iii) Other December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 13,005 7,109 1,433 7,609 29,156 9,176 6,433 2,236 1,905 19,750 (i) Agreement with the municipal government of São Paulo where the Company transfers 7.5% of the Municipal revenue to the Municipal Fund; F-35 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated (ii) Refers to funds raised with the Brazilian Development Bank – BNDES, awaiting the authorization for use restrictions; (iii) Refers to savings account for receiving escrow deposits regarding lawsuits with final and unappealable decisions in favor of the Company, which are blocked as per contractual clause 9 Trade receivables (a) Financial position balances Private sector: General and special customers (i) (ii) Agreements (iii) Government entities: Municipal Federal Agreements (iii) Wholesale customers – Municipal governments: (iv) Guarulhos Mauá Mogi das Cruzes Santo André São Caetano do Sul Diadema Total wholesale customers – Municipal governments Unbilled supply Subtotal Allowance for doubtfulaccounts Total Current Noncurrent December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 1,044,692 317,871 852,815 291,367 1,362,563 1,144,182 503,309 5,738 207,066 533,984 4,671 192,253 716,113 730,908 810,285 416,749 2,158 857,424 2,057 222,671 776,674 366,515 2,092 787,305 1,779 224,433 2,311,344 2,158,798 427,361 354,678 4,817,381 (3,307,793) 4,388,566 (3,164,288) 1,509,588 1,224,278 1,326,972 182,616 1,034,820 189,458 1,509,588 1,224,278 F-36 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated (i) General customers - residential and small and mid-sized companies (ii) Special customers - large consumers, commercial, industries, condominiums and special billing consumers (industrial waste, wells, etc.). (iii) Agreements - installment payments of past-due receivables, plus monetary restatement and interest, when provided for in the agreements. (iv) Wholesale basis customers - municipal governments - This balance refers to the sale of treated water to municipalities, which are responsible for distributing to, billing and charging final customers. Some of these municipalities are questioning in court the tariffs charged by SABESP, which have full allowance for doubtful accounts. Additionally, the overdue amounts are included in the allowance for doubtful accounts. Changes in accounts receivable on a wholesale basis are as follows: Balance at beginning of year Services provided Receivables Balance at the end of the year F-37 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 2,158,798 341,047 (188,501) 1,917,859 375,294 (134,355) 2,311,344 2,158,798 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated (b) The aging of trade receivables is as follows Current Past-due: Up to 30 days From 31 to 60 days From 61 to 90 days From 91 to 120 days From 121 to 180 days From 181 to 360 days Over 360days Total past-due Total December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 1,195,098 992,800 182,025 123,765 78,089 84,654 80,447 158,182 2,915,121 136,666 93,534 62,276 54,725 96,079 202,024 2,750,462 3,622,283 3,395,766 4,817,381 4,388,566 The increase in the balance overdue is mainly due to accounts receivable at wholesale where municipalities served are challenging in court the tariffs charged by SABESP. These amounts are fully covered by the allowance for doubtful accounts. (c) Allowance for doubtful accounts Balance at the beginning of the year Private sector /government entities Recoveries Wholesale customers Net additions for the year December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 3,164,288 103,231 (177,993) 283,113 2,856,684 130,398 (59,341) 236,679 2,723,408 93,272 (51,654) 218,687 208,351 307,736 260,305 Write-offs in the year referring to accounts receivable (64,846) (132) (127,029) Balance at the end of the year 3,307,793 3,164,288 2,856,684 F-38 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Reconciliation of provision for losses of income December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 Losses (write-off) Provision for state entities (related parties) Provision for private sector /government entities Provision for wholesale customers Recoveries 63,076 3,999 103,231 10,107 (177,993) 52,900 (1,341) 130,398 16,973 (59,341) 63,102 (856) 93,272 - (51,654) Amount recorded as selling expenses 2,420 139,589 103,864 Wholesale sales losses, amounting to R$273,006, R$219,706 and R$218,687 in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, were also recorded as revenue reduction. The Company does not have customers representing 10% or more of its revenues. (d) Agreement with the municipality of Santos On September 29, 2015, the State of São Paulo, the municipality of Santos and SABESP entered into a “Water Supply and Sewage Public Utility Services Agreement” in the municipality of Santos. Under this contract, the State of São Paulo and the municipality of Santos, granted SABESP exclusive rights to render services for a 30-year term. On this same date, judicial settlements were signed related to lawsuits filed by SABESP against the municipality of Santos, as well as an out-of-court settlement, both aimed to settle debts owed by the municipality which were overdue up to August 31, 2015. In December 2015, the fair value of these debits was calculated and resulted in accounts receivable of R$2,281, later transferred to intangible assets due to the settlement carried out to contract the concession for a 30-year term. The Company will transfer amounts to the Municipality to be invested in related services and environmental sanitation in the municipality. The Company will transfer R$130,000, in five installments, the first totaling R$25,000, paid in October 2015, and the remaining four installments, of R$26,250 each, adjusted by the IPCA, to be paid annually after July 5, 2016. Additionally, every quarter, the Company will transfer 0.53% of the revenue obtained from the services rendered in the Municipality, less PIS-PASEP and COFINS taxes. Semi-annually, the Municipality must provide a report describing the initiatives carried out and the actual amounts related to the transfers made. F-39 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 10 Related-Party Balances andTransactions The Company is a party to transactions with its controlling shareholder, the State Government, and companies related to it. (a) Accounts receivable, interest on capital payable, revenue and expenses with the São Paulo State Government Accounts receivable Current: Water and sewage services (i) Allowance for losses (i) Reimbursement for retirement and pension benefits paid - - monthly flow (payments) (ii) and (vi) - GESP agreement (ii) and (vi) “Se Liga na Rede” program (l) Total current Noncurrent: Reimbursement from retirement and pension benefits paid (G0): - GESP agreement – 2008 (ii) e (vi) - GESP agreement – 2015 (vii) Total noncurrent Total receivables from shareholders Assets: Water and sewage services Reimbursement of additional retirement and pension benefits (G0) “Se Liga na Rede” program (l) Total Liabilities: Interest on capital payable to related parties Other (h) F-40 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 115,633 (49,332) 20,564 49,985 19,305 156,155 66,646 649,306 715,952 872,107 66,301 786,501 19,305 96,162 (45,333) 9,753 43,722 17,661 121,965 102,018 - 102,018 223,983 50,829 155,493 17,661 872,107 223,983 64,013 2,210 107,784 1,569 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Revenue from water and sewage services Watersupply Sewageservices Payments received from related parties 2015 2014 2013 195,478 162,034 (338,471) 216,816 195,218 (431,607) 239,513 209,585 (453,612) Receipt of GESP reimbursement referring to Law 4819/58 (121,709) (112,534) (110,912) (i) Water and sewage services The Company provides water supply and sewage collection services to the São Paulo State Government and other companies related to it in accordance with usual market terms and conditions, as considered by management, except for the settlement of credits which can be made according to items (iii), (iv) and (v). An allowance for losses of amounts past due for more than 360 days has been recorded due to the uncertainty involving these receipts (R$49,332 in 2015 and R$45,333 in 2014). (ii) Reimbursement for pension benefits paid Refers to amounts of supplementary retirement and pension benefits provided for in State Law 4819/58 ("Benefits") paid by the Company to former employees and pensioners, referred to as Go. Under the Agreement referred on item (iii) with the São Paulo State Government ("GESP" or the "State"), GESP recognizes its liability from charges arising from the Benefits, provided that the payment criteria set forth by the State Department of Personnel (DDPE), based on legal guidance of the Legal Consultancy of the Department of Finance and of the State Attorney General's Office (PGE). F-41 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated As discussed on item (vi), during the assessment of the debt due from GESP to the Company there were certain divergences in the calculation and eligibility criteria of the benefits paid by the Company on behalf of GESP. See additional information about the Go plan in Note 20 (b) (iii). In January 2004, the payments of supplement retirement and pension benefits were transferred to the Department of Finance and would be made in accordance with the calculation criteria determined by the PGE. As a result of a court decision, the responsibility for making the payments returned to SABESP, as originally established. (iii) GESP Agreement On December 11, 2001, the Company, the São Paulo State Government (through the State Department of Finance Affairs, currently Department of Finance) and the Water and Electricity Department (DAEE), with the intermediation of the State Department of Sanitation and Energy (former Department of Water Resources, Sanitation and Construction Works), entered into the Obligations, Payment Commitment and Other Covenants Acknowledgement and Consolidation Agreement ("GESP Agreement") for the settlement of outstanding debts between GESP and the Company related to the provision of water supply and sewage services and to the retirement benefits. In view of the strategic importance of the Taiaçupeba, Jundiaí, Biritiba, Paraitinga and Ponte Nova reservoirs for ensuring and maintaining the Alto Tietê water volume, the Company agreed to receive them as partial repayment of the reimbursement related to the Benefits. The DAEE would transfer the reservoirs to the Company, replacing the amount owed by GESP. However, the São Paulo State Public Prosecution Office challenges the legal validity of this agreement, and its main argument is the lack of bidding and the absence of a specific legislative authorization for disposal of DAEE's assets. There is an unfavorable decision to SABESP not yet unappealable. The Company's legal advisors assess the risk of loss in this lawsuit as probable. See additional information in items (vi) and (vii) below. (iv) First Amendment to the GESP Agreement On March 22, 2004, the Company and the São Paulo State Government amended the terms of the original GESP Agreement, (1) consolidating and recognizing the amounts due by the São Paulo State Government for water supply and sewage collection services provided, monetarily adjusted through February 2004; (2) formally authorizing the offset of amounts due by the São Paulo State Government with interest on capital declared by the Company and any other debt owed to the São Paulo State Government as of December 31, 2003, monetarily adjusted through February 2004; and (3) defining the payment conditions of the remaining liabilities of the São Paulo State Government for the receipt of the water supply and sewage services. (v) Second Amendment to the GESP Agreement On December 28, 2007, the Company and the São Paulo State Government, represented by the Department of Finance, signed the second amendment to the terms of the original GESP Agreement, agreeing upon the payment in installments of the remaining balance of the First Amendment, amounting to R$133,709 at November 30, 2007, to be paid in 60 monthly and consecutive installments of the same amount, beginning on January 2, 2008. In December 2012 the last installment was paid. F-42 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The State and SABESP agreed on immediately resuming their compliance with their mutual obligations under new assumptions: (a) implementation of an electronic bill management system to facilitate and speed up the monitoring of payment processes and budget management procedures; (b) structuring of the Rational Water Use Program (PURA) to rationalize the consumption of water and the amount of the water and sewage bills under the responsibility of the State; (c) establishment, by the State, of criteria for budgeting so as to avoid the reallocation of amounts to a specific water and sewage accounts as from 2008; (d) possibility of registering state bodies and entities in a delinquency system or reference file; (e) possibility of interrupting water supply to state bodies and entities in case of nonpayment of water and sewage bills. (vi) Third Amendment to the GESP Agreement On November 17, 2008, GESP, SABESP and DAEE signed the third amendment to the GESP Agreement, through which GESP recognized a debt balance payable to SABESP totaling R$915,251, monetarily adjusted up to September 2008 in accordance with the fluctuation of the IPCA-IBGE, corresponding to the Undisputed Reimbursement, determined by FIPECAFI. SABESP accepted on a provisional basis the reservoirs (see information on item (iii) of this note) as part of the payment of the Undisputed Reimbursement and offered to GESP a provisional settlement, recognizing a credit totaling R$696,283, corresponding to the value of the reservoirs in the Alto Tietê system. The Company did not recognize the reimbursement receivable of R$696,283 related to the reservoirs, as it is not virtually certain that will be transferred by the State. In March 2015, Sabesp and GESP entered into an agreement to pay the amounts receivable, totaling R$696,283 (more information in item (vii) of this note). The remaining balance totaling R$218,967 has been paid in 114 monthly, consecutive installments, totaling R$1,920 each, including the annual IPCA-IBGE fluctuation, plus interest of 0.5% p.m., the first of which fell due on November 25, 2008. In addition, the third amendment provides for the regularization of the monthly flow of benefits. While SABESP is liable for the flow of monthly payment of benefits, the State shall reimburse SABESP based on the criteria identical to those applied when determining the Undisputed Reimbursement. Should there be no preventive court decision, the State will assume the flow of monthly payment of benefits portion deemed as undisputed. (vii) Agreement with the São Paulo State Government entered into in 2015 On March 18, 2015, the Company, the State of São Paulo and the Department of Water and Electricity (DAEE), and the Sanitation and Water Resources Department as the intervening party, entered into a Term of Agreement in the amount of R$1,012,310, of which R$696,283 refer to the principal of the Undisputed Amount mentioned in item (iii) and R$316,027 corresponding to the inflation adjustment of the principal until February 2015. The Principal Amount will be paid in 180 installments, as follows: The first 24 installments were settled by immediately transferring 2,221,000 preferred shares issued by Companhia de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica Paulista - CTEEP, totaling R$87,174, based on the share closing on March 17, 2015; and F-43 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The amount of R$609,109 is adjusted by IPCA (Extended Consumer Price Index) until the date when payments start and paid in cash, by means of other 156 monthly installments, beginning on April 5, 2017. When payment starts, installments will be adjusted by IPCA plus simple interest of 0.5% per month. Considering the lawsuit which objects the possibility of transferring the reservoirs is pending final and unappealable court decision, the agreement also provides for the following situations: If transfer is possible and the Reservoirs are effectively transferred to Sabesp and registered at the notary’s office, Sabesp will reimburse to the State the amounts paid in replacement of Reservoirs (Principal Amount) in 60 monthly installments adjusted by IPCA until the date of payment of each installment; and If the transfer of Reservoirs is not possible, the State will pay to Sabesp, in addition to the Principal Amount, the inflation adjustment credit of R$316,027 in 60 installments, starting these payments at the end of Principal Amount installment payment. The amount will be adjusted by IPCA to the start date of payments and, as of this date, IPCA will be incurred plus 0.5% simple interest rates/month over the amount of each installment. The accounting impacts of the agreement generated a debit of R$696,283 in accounts receivable from related parties and a credit in the same amount in administrative expenses on the transaction date. Due to such transaction, as of December 31, 2015, the Company recorded receivables from GESP in the amount of R$649,306, in non-current assets, and CTEEP shares in the amount of R$101,500, under “other receivables” in current assets. (viii) Disputed Amount of Benefits As mentioned before, on November 17, 2008 the Company and the State signed the third amendment to the GESP Agreement, when the reimbursements called disputed and undisputed were quantified. The amendment established the efforts to calculate the so-called Disputed Reimbursement of the Benefits. Under the fourth clause of the amendment, the Disputed Reimbursement represents the difference between the Undisputable Reimbursement and the amount actually paid by the Company as pension benefits and pensioners set out in Law 4,819/58, for which, the Company understands, the State of São Paulo is originally liable, but paid by SABESP under a court order. By entering into the third amendment, the State's Legal Representative (PGE) agreed to reassess the differences that gave rise to the Disputed Amount of benefits set out in Law 4,819/58. At the time, the expectation was based on the willingness of the PGE to reanalyze the issue and the implied right of the Company to the reimbursement, including based on opinions from outside legal advisors. However, new opinions issued by the PGE and received on September 4 and 22, 2009 and January 4, 2010, refute the reimbursement of previously defined as Disputed Amount. Even though the negotiations with the State are still in progress, it is not possible to assure that the Company will recover the disputed receivables without dispute. F-44 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated As part of the actions intended to recover the receivables that management considers due by the State, related to discrepancies in the reimbursement of the pension benefits paid by the Company, SABESP: (i) on March 24, 2010, reported to the controlling shareholder the official letter approved by the executive committee, proposing that the matter be discussed at the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa) Arbitration Chamber; (ii) in June 2010, presented to Department of Finance a proposal to solve the outstanding items, such proposal was not accepted; (iii) on November 9, 2010, filed a judicial action against the State of São Paulo pleading the entire reimbursement related to employee benefits set out in Law 4,819/58 to finalize the discussion between the Company and GESP. Despite the legal action, the expectation of which is a possible gain, the Company will persist to obtain an agreement with GESP since the management believes that it is the better to the Company and to its shareholders than wait until the end of the judicial action. The Company's Management decided to not recognize the reimbursements which were not considered virtually certain that will be reimbursed by the State. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the amounts not recorded by the Company, related to the pension benefits paid on behalf of the State by the Company, totaled R$855,054 and R$1,479,705, respectively, as disclosed in item 10 (b) below. As a result, the Company also recognized the obligation related to the pension benefit obligations maintained with the beneficiaries, retirees and pensioners of Plan G0. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the pension benefit obligations of Plan G0 totaled R$2,166,942 and R$2.053.527, respectively. For detailed information on the pension benefit obligations refer to Note 20 (b) (iii). (b) Contingent assets - GESP (not recorded) As mentioned above, as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, SABESP had contingent assets with GESP, not recorded in assets referring to the additional retirement and pension paid (Law 4,819/58), as follows: Disputed amounts receivable Undisputed amount referring to the transfer to SABESP of reservoirs at Alto Tietê system (original value)(*) Total (*) See Note 10 (a) (vii). (c) Use of reservoirs– EMAE December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 855,054 - 855,054 783,422 696,283 1,479,705 Empresa Metropolitana de Águas e Energia S.A. - EMAE plans to receive for the credit and to obtain financial compensation for the use of water from the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs, which SABESP uses in its operations, as well as the reimbursement of damages related to the failure to pay appropriately. The Company understands that no amounts are due for the use of these reservoirs given the grants already made. Should these reservoirs not be available for use to the Company, there could be the need to collect water in more distant places. There is a risk of not properly rendering services in the region, besides increasing water supply cost. F-45 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Several lawsuits were filed by EMAE. Currently, an arbitration proceeding is in progress related to the Guarapiranga reservoir and a lawsuit related to the Billings reservoir, both pleading for financial compensation due to SABESP’s water collect for public supply, alleging that this conduct has been causing permanent and growing loss in the capacity of generating electricity of Henry Borden hydroelectric power plant with financial losses. SABESP understands that the expectation for all cases is of possible losses, and for the time being, it is not feasible to estimate the amounts involved, since they were not determined. On April 10, 2014, we issued a Notice to the Market including the information we have been discussing with EMAE about an eventual future agreement. However, no adjustment was confirmed and no agreement was executed by either party up to date. On April 11, 2016 we were named in legal proceedings commenced by minority shareholders of EMAE against the State of São Paulo. The plaintiffs in these proceedings are seeking an order to require the State to stop us from drawing water from the reservoirs without paying compensation to EMAE, and to allow EMAE to pump water from the reservoirs for its hydroelectric facility. The plaintiffs in these proceedings allege that the State, in its capacity as controlling shareholder of EMAE, has acted unduly to EMAE’s detriment and in favor of our company. (d) Agreements with reduced tariffs with State and Municipal Government Entities that joined the Rational Water Use Program (PURA). The Company has signed agreements with government entities related to the State Government and municipalities where it operates that benefit from a reduction of 25% in the tariff of water supply and sewage services when they are not in default. These agreements provide for the implementation of the rational water use program, which takes into consideration the reduction in water consumption. (e) Guarantees The State Government provides guarantees for some borrowings and financing of the Company and does not charge any fee with respect to such guarantees. (f) Personnel assignment agreement among entities related to the State Government The Company has personnel assignment agreements with entities related to the State Government, whose expenses are fully passed on and monetarily reimbursed. In 2015, the expenses related to personnel assigned by SABESP to other state government entities amounted to R$10,481 (R$9,651 in December 2014 and R$12,879 in December 2103). As of December 31, 2015, expenses related to personnel assigned by other entities to SABESP totaled R$342 (R$403 in December 2014 and R$695 in December 2013). (g) Services obtained from state government entities As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, SABESP had an outstanding amounts payable of R$2,210 and R$1,569, respectively, for services rendered by São Paulo State Government entities. F-46 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated (h) Non-operating assets As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had an amount of R$969 related to free land lent to DAEE (Water and Electricity Department). (i) Sabesprev The Company sponsors a private defined benefit pension plan, which is operated and administered by Sabesprev. The net actuarial liability recognized as of December 31, 2015 amounted to R$665,274 (R$676,071 in December 2014), according to Note 20 (b). (j) Compensation of Management Key Personnel - Compensation: SABESP's compensation policy for the Management and officers is set out according to guidelines of the São Paulo State Government, the CODEC (State Capital protection Board), and are based on performance, market competitiveness, or other indicators related to the Company's business, and is subject to approval by shareholders at an Annual Shareholders' Meeting. Officers' compensation is limited to the compensation of the State Governor, the Board of Directors' and the Fiscal Council’s compensation is equivalent to 30 percent and 20 percent, respectively, of the executive committee' overall compensation, contingent on attendance of at least one monthly meeting. The objective of the compensation policy is to set a private sector management paradigm to retain its staff and recruit competent, experienced and motivated professionals, considering the level of management efficiency currently required by the Company. In addition to monthly fee, the members of the Board of Directors, Fiscal Council and the Board of Executive Officers receive annual reward equivalent to a monthly fee, calculated on a prorated basis in December of each year. The purpose of this reward is to correspond to the thirteenth salary paid to the Company’s employees, as officers and directors' relationship with the Company is governed by its bylaws and not the labor code. Benefits paid only to statutory officers - meal ticket, basket of food staples, medical care, annual paid rest typified as a paid leave of 30 calendar days, and payment of a premium equivalent to one third of the monthly fee and bonuses. SABESP pays bonuses for the purposes of compensating directors, in accordance with the guidelines of the São Paulo State government, as an incentive policy, as long as the Company records quarterly, semiannual, and yearly profits, and distributes mandatory dividends to shareholders, even if in the form of interest on capital. Annual bonuses cannot exceed six times the monthly compensation of the officers/directors or 10 percent of the interest on capital paid by the Company, prevailing the shortest amount. F-47 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Expenses related to the compensation to the members of its Board of Directors, Fiscal Council and Board of Executive Officers amounted to R$4,078, R$3,749 and R$3,386 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. An additional amount of R$521, related to the bonus program, was recorded in 2015 (R$504 in December 2014 and R$566 in December 2013). (k) Loan agreement through credit facility The Company entered into a loan agreement through credit facility with the SPEs Águas de Andradina S.A., Águas de Castilho S.A., Aquapolo Ambiental S.A. and Attend Ambiental S.A. to finance the operations of these companies, until the borrowings and financing requested with financial institutions is cleared. The contracts signed with SPEs Águas de Andradina S.A. and Águas de Castilho S.A. were settled. Other agreements signed with Aquapolo Ambiental S.A., on March 30, 2012, and Attend Ambiental S.A., on May 9, 2014, remain with the same characteristics, according to the table below: SPE Principal disbursed amount Interest balance Total Interest rate Maturity Attend Ambiental Aquapolo Ambiental Aquapolo Ambiental Total 5,400 5,629 19,000 30,029 1,757 4,710 8,793 15,260 7,157 SELIC + 3.5 % p.a. (i) CDI + 1.2% p.a. 04/30/2016 (ii) CDI + 1.2% p.a. 10/30/2015 (ii) 10,339 27,793 45,289 (i) The loan agreement with SPE Attend Ambiental S/A matures within 180 days, from the date when the respective amount is available in the borrower’s account, renewable for the same period. The credit has been overdue since May 11, 2015 and is subject to contractual default charges (inflation adjustment considering the IGP-M variation, 2% fine and default interest of 1% p.m.). The agreement has been renegotiated between the parties. (ii) The agreement expired on April 30, 2015 was amended, and its maturity was extended to October 30, 2015. The Company and Aquapolo Ambiental S/A are renegotiating the payment terms and the maturity of both agreements. As a result of the renegotiations, the principal, in the amount of R$30,029, and interest, in the amount of R$15,260, that used to be recognized in current assets, under “other receivables”, were reclassified to the same group of noncurrent assets until new payment conditions are agreed upon. As of December 31, 2015, the balance of principal and interest rates of these agreements was R$45,289 (R$40,366 as of December 31, 2014). In 2015, a financial income recognized was R$10,123 (R$5,222 in 2014 and R$3,977 in 2013). (l) “Se Liga na Rede” (Connect to the Network Program) F-48 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The State Government enacted the State Law nº 14,687/12, creating the pro-connection program, destined to financially subsidize the execution of household branches necessary to connect to the sewage collecting networks, in low income households which agreed to adhere to the program. The program expenditures, except for indirect costs, construction margin and borrowing costs are financed with 80% of funds deriving from the State Government and the remaining 20% invested by SABESP, which is also liable for the execution of works. As of December 31, 2015, the program total amount was R$78,447 (R$67,576 as of December 31, 2014), R$19,305 (R$17,661 as of December 31, 2014) recorded in balances receivable from related parties, the amount of R$34,089 (R$24,862 as of December 31, 2014) recorded in the group of intangible assets and R$25,053 (R$25,053 as of December 31, 2014) reimbursed by GESP. 11 Water National Agency- ANA The Company has agreements executed within the scope of the Hydrographic Basin Depollution Program (PRODES), also known as "Treated Sewage Purchase Program.” This program does not finance works or equipment, remunerates by results achieved, i.e., by effectively treated sewage. In this program, the Water National Agency (ANA) makes available funds, which are restricted to a specific current account and applied in investment funds at the Caixa Econômica Federal - Federal Savings Banks (CEF), until the fulfillment of treated sewage volume is evidenced, as well as, the reduction of polluting cargoes of each agreement. When resources are made available, liabilities are recorded until funds are released by ANA. After the evidence of targets stipulated in each contract, the revenue deriving from these funds is recognized, but if these targets are not met, funds will return to the National Treasury with the appropriate funds earnings. As of December 31, 2015, the balances of assets and liabilities were R$88,368 (R$122,634 as of December 31, 2014), and the liabilities are recorded under "Other liabilities" of noncurrent liabilities. 12 Investments The Company holds interest in certain Special Purpose Entities (SPE). Although SABESP has no majority shares of its investees, the shareholders’ agreement provides for the power of veto in certain management issues, with no ability to use such power of veto in a way to affect returns over investments, indicating participating shared control (joint venture – IFRS 11). The Company holds interest valued by the equity accounting in the following investees: Sesamm On August 15, 2008, the Company, together with the companies OHL Médio Ambiente, Inima S.A.U. Unipersonal ("Inima"), Técnicas y Gestión Medioambiental S.A.U. ("TGM") and Estudos Técnicos e Projetos ETEP Ltda. ("ETEP") incorporated the company Serviços de Saneamento de Mogi Mirim S.A. - SESAMM for a period of 30 years from the date the concession agreement with the municipality of Mogi Mirim for the purpose of providing complementary services to the sewage diversion system and implementing and operating sewage treatment system in the municipality of Mogi Mirim, including the disposal of solid waste. F-49 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Sesamm's capital as of December 31, 2015, totaled R$19,532, and was represented by 19,532,409 registered common shares without a par value. SABESP holds 36% of its equity interest and Inima holds another 46% of its equity interest. The operations started in June 2012. Águas de Andradina On September 15, 2010, the Company, together with the company Companhia de Águas do Brasil – Cab Ambiental incorporated the company Águas de Andradina S.A., with indefinite term, for the purpose of providing water supply and sewage services to the municipality of Andradina. The Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on December 4, 2015, unanimously approved the capital increase in the amount of R$8,466. As of December 31, 2015, the capital of Águas de Andradina totaled R$11,551, divided into 11,551,089 registered common shares without a par value. SABESP holds 30% of its equity interest. The amount of R$12 is recorded under investee’s equity, as advance for future capital increase. The operations started in October 2010. Águas de Castilho On October 29, 2010, the Company, together with the company Águas do Brasil – Cab Ambiental, incorporated the company Águas de Castilho, for the purpose of providing water supply and sewage services to the municipality of Castilho. As of December 31, 2015, the company’s capital was R$1,620, and was represented by 1,620,000 registered share without par value. SABESP holds 30% equity interest. The operations started in January 2011. Saneaqua Mairinque On June 14, 2010, the Company, together with the company Odebrecht Utilities S/A, former Foz do Brasil S.A., with indefinite term, for the purpose of exploring the water supply and sewage public utilities of the municipality of Mairinque. As of December 31, 2015, the capital of Saneaqua Mairinque totaled R$2,000, and was represented by 2,000,000 registered common shares without a par value. SABESP holds 30% equity interest. The operations started in October 2010. F-50 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Attend Ambiental On August 23, 2010, Sabesp, jointly with Companhia Estre Ambiental S.A, merged the company Attend Ambiental S.A, for constructing and operating a pretreatment of non-domestic effluent station, sludge transportation and related services in the city of São Paulo as well as implement similar structures in other areas in Brazil and abroad. As of December 31, 2015 the capital totaled R$13,400, and was represented by 13,400,000 registered common shares without par value. SABESP holds 45% equity interest. The total of R$11,400, which was recorded under the investee’s shareholders’ equity as advance for future capital increase, was fully paid on March 1, 2013. The operations initiated in December 2014. Aquapolo Ambiental S/A. On October 8, 2009, the Company, together with the company Odebrecht Utilities S/A, formerly Foz do Brasil S.A., incorporated the company Aquapolo Ambiental S.A., for the purpose of producing, providing and trading reused water for Quattor Química S.A., Quattor Petroquímica S.A., Quattor Participações S.A. and other companies comprising the Petrochemical Complex. As of December 31, 2015, the capital of Aquapolo totaled R$36,412, and was represented by 42,419,045 registered common shares without a par value. SABESP holds 49%of its equity interest. The operations initiated in October 2012. Paulista Geradora de Energia On April 13, 2015, the Company acquired shares from Empresa Paulista Geradora de Energia S/A - PGE, jointly with with Servtec Investimentos e Participações Ltda ("Servtec) and Tecniplan Engenharia e Comércio Ltda ("Tecniplan"), which operational purpose is implementation and commercial exploration of water potential in small hydroelectric power plants (PCHs), located at the Guaraú and Vertedouro Cascata Water Treatment Stations. As of December 31, 2015, the capital stock of Paulista Geradora de Energia was R$8,679, and was represented by 8,679,040 registered common shares without a par value, in which SABESP holds a 25% interest. As of December 31, 2015, operations had not started yet. Below is a summary of the investees’ financial statements and SABESP’s equity interest: Company Equity Provisioned dividends Profit (loss) for the year 2015 2014 2013 2015 2015 2014 2013 Sesamm Águas de Andradina (i) Águas de Castilho Saneaqua Mairinque Attend Ambiental Aquapolo Ambiental Paulista Geradora de Energia 32,313 15,191 3,449 3,560 3,084 11,651 8,509 26,788 4,582 2,866 2,697 (111) 16,220 - 22,884 3,622 2,064 3,102 6,016 19,400 - F-51 (557) (228) (190) (282) - - - 6,082 2,371 773 1,145 3,195 (4,569) (114) 3,904 960 802 (405) (6,127) (3,180) - 6,885 1,119 484 695 (3,715) 1,976 - Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Company Investments distributed Equity in the earnings of subsidiaries Interest percentage 2015 2014 2015 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 Dividends Sesamm Águas de Andradina (i) Águas de Castilho Saneaqua Mairinque Attend Ambiental Aquapolo Ambiental Paulista Geradora de Energia Total Other investments Overall total 11,633 4,558 1,035 1,068 1,388 5,709 2,127 27,518 587 28,105 9,644 1,375 860 809 - 7,948 - 20,636 587 21,223 (201) (68) (57) (85) - - - (411) 2,190 711 232 344 1,388 (2,239) (29) 2,597 1,405 288 241 (122) (2,707) (1,558) - (2,453) 2,479 336 145 209 (1,672) 968 - 2,465 36% 30% 30% 30% 45% 49% 25% 36% 30% 30% 30% 45% 49% - 36% 30% 30% 30% 45% 49% - (i) The Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of December 4, 2015 approved a capital increase in the amount of R$8,466. SABESP contributed R$2,540, which corresponds to its percentage interest in the investee. 13 Investmentproperties As of December 31, 2015, the balance of “Investment properties” is R$56,957 (December 31, 2014 – R$54,039). As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the market value of these properties is approximately R$392,000 and R$350,000, respectively. December 31, 2014 Transfers Write-offs and disposals Depreciation December 31, 2015 Investment property Total 54,039 54,039 9,182 9,182 (5,859) (5,859) (405) (405) 56,957 56,957 F-52 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated There were no changes in 2014. 14 Intangible Assets (a) Balance sheet balances Intangible right arising from: Agreements – equity value Agreements – economic value Program contracts Program contracts – commitments Services contracts – São Paulo Software license Total (b) Changes December 31, 2015 Accumulated December 31, 2014 Accumulated Cost amortization Net Cost amortization Net 8,862,581 (1,574,951) 7,287,630 8,983,492 (1,614,221) 1,819,219 (466,199) 8,660,552 (2,371,977) 986,086 (135,556) 1,353,020 6,288,575 850,530 1,679,042 (397,782) 7,338,985 (1,959,832) 808,662 (105,753) 7,369,271 1,281,260 5,379,153 702,909 14,767,591 (2,400,574) 12,367,017 12,916,939 (1,930,553) 10,986,386 474,294 (107,440) 366,854 326,045 (65,498) 260,547 35,570,323 (7,056,697) 28,513,626 32,053,165 (6,073,639) 25,979,526 December 31, Reversal of provision for December 31, 2014 Additions Contract renewal losses Transfers Write-offs and disposals Amortization 2015 Intangible assets arising from: Agreements – equity value 7,369,271 574,421 (463,362) Agreements – economic value 1,281,260 140,732 - Program contracts 5,379,153 663,399 463,362 Program contracts – commitments 702,909 177,424 Services contracts – São Paulo 10,986,386 1,900,218 Software license Total 260,547 148,248 25,979,526 3,604,442 - - - - F-53 747 - 4,459 - (324) (17) (752) - (4,303) (188,820) 7,287,630 (139) (68,816) 1,353,020 (11,045) (210,001) 6,288,575 - (29,803) 850,530 18,879 (4,997) (30,321) (503,148) 12,367,017 - - - (41,941) 366,854 24,085 (6,090) (45,808) (1,042,529) 28,513,626 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated December 31, Contract Provision for Write-offs and December 31, 2013 Additions renewal losses Transfers disposals Amortization 2014 Intangible assets arising from: Agreements – equity value 7,079,790 693,960 (165,093) (1,598) (34,011) (14,542) (189,235) 7,369,271 Agreements – economic value 1,186,146 150,647 - - (57) (496) (54,980) 1,281,260 Program contracts 4,668,567 878,947 165,093 (2,919) (122,940) (9,726) (197,869) 5,379,153 Program contracts – commitments 613,320 115,632 Services contracts – São Paulo 10,124,603 1,264,861 Software license Total 173,805 132,734 23,846,231 3,236,781 - - - - - - - (26,043) 702,909 (30,352) 112,507 (23,162) (462,071) 10,986,386 - - - (45,992) 260,547 (34,869) (44,501) (47,926) (976,190) 25,979,526 Intangible assets arising from: Agreements – equity value Agreements – economic value Program contracts Program contracts – commitments Services contracts – São Paulo Software license Total December 31, Contract Write-offs and December 31, 2012 Additions renewal Transfers disposals Amortization 2013 6,896,194 647,318 (310,844) (6,690) (3,458) (142,730) 7,079,790 1.109,936 126,853 - 82 (86) (50,639) 1,186,146 3,819,172 733,796 310,844 4,789 (2,390) (197,644) 4,668,567 571,091 65,040 9,568,487 975,913 2,646 201,399 21,967,526 2,750,319 - - - - - 177 5,155 3,513 - (22,811) 613,320 (21,939) (398,035) 10,124,603 - (35,395) 173,805 (27,873) (847,254) 23,846,231 F-54 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated In 2015, the Company formalized program contracts with the municipalities of Barueri, Mairiporã and Santos, and signed a program contract with the municipality of Santa Isabel, all of them for a 30-year term. In the municipality of Santa Isabel, the operations started in January 2016. (c) Construction services Construction revenue Construction cost incurred Margin Construction revenue Construction cost incurred Margin Construction revenue Construction cost incurred Margin Water supply Sewage services 2015 2,090,012 2,044,606 45,406 Water 1,204,380 1,181,596 22,784 Water 1,011,412 988,281 23,131 1,246,704 1,219,202 27,502 2014 Sewage 1,713,656 1,673,920 39,736 2013 Sewage 1,433,323 1,406,206 27,117 Total 3,336,716 3,263,808 72,908 Total 2,918,036 2,855,516 62,520 Total 2,444,735 2,394,487 50,248 (d) Intangible arising from concession agreements The Company operates concession agreements covering the provision of basic and environmental sanitation services, water supply and sewage services. These concession arrangements set out rights and obligations relative to the exploration of assets related to the public service (See Note 3.8 (a)). A general obligation also exists to return the concession infrastructure to the concession grantor in good working condition at the end of the concession. As of December 31, 2015, the Company operated in 364 municipalities in the State of São Paulo (364 as of December 31, 2014). In most of these contracts operations are based on 30-year concession period. F-55 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The services provided by the Company are billed at a price regulated and controlled by São Paulo State Sanitation and Energy Regulatory Agency (ARSESP). Intangible rights arising on concession agreements include: (i) Service concession agreements – equity value These refer to municipalities assumed until 2006, except for the municipalities assumed by economic value through assets valuation report prepared by independent experts. The amortization of assets is calculated according to the straight-line method, which considers the assets useful life. (ii) Concession agreements – economic value From 1999 through 2006, the negotiations for new concessions were conducted on the basis of the economic and financial result of the transaction, determined in a valuation report issued by independent appraisers. The amount determined in the related contract, after the transaction is closed with the municipal authorities, realized through the subscription of the Company's shares or in cash, is recorded as "concession agreements" and amortized over the period of the related concession (usually 30 years). As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 there were no amounts pending related to these payments to the municipalities. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the period of the concession agreements or for the useful lives of the underlying assets, whichever is shorter. (iii) Program contracts These refer to the renewal of contracts previously referred to as concession agreements whose purpose is to provide sanitation services. The amortization of the assets acquired until the dates of signatures of the program contracts is calculated according to the straight-line method, which considers the assets’ useful lives. Assets acquired or built after the signature dates of program contracts are amortized during the contracted period (30 years) or during the useful lives of underlying assets, whichever is shorter. (iv) Program contracts - Commitments After the enactment of the regulatory framework in 2007, renewals of concessions started to be made through of program contracts. In some of these program contracts, the Company undertook the commitment to financially participate in social and environmental actions. The assets built and financial commitments assumed within the program contracts are recorded as intangible assets and are amortized by the straight-line method in accordance with the duration of the program contract (mostly, 30 years). In 2015, amortization expenses related to the commitments of the program contract were R$29,803 (R$26,043 in 2014 and R$22,811 in December 2013). F-56 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated The amounts not yet disbursed related to commitments under the program contracts are recorded in “Program Contracts – Commitments” in current liabilities (in the amount of R$228,659 and R$189,551 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively) and noncurrent liabilities (in the amount of R$92,055 and R$18,208 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively). In 2015, the annual rate of 8.06% was applied (WACC) to calculate the present value adjustment of these contracts. (v) Services agreement with the Municipality of São Paulo On June 23, 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with the State of São Paulo and the Municipality of São Paulo to regulate the provision of water and sewage services in the city of São Paulo for a 30-year period, which is extendable for an another 30-year period. Also on June 23, 2010, an agreement was signed between the state and municipal government, and SABESP and the Sanitation and Energy Regulatory Agency of the State of São Paulo (“ARSESP”) are the consenting and intervening parties, whose main aspects are the following: 1. The State and the Municipality of São Paulo grant to Sabesp the right to explore the sanitation service in the capital of the State of São Paulo, which consists of the obligation to provide such service and charge the respective tariff for this service; 2. The State and the Municipality sets forth ARSESP as the agency responsible for regulating the tariff, controlling and monitoring the services; 3. The evaluation model of the contract was the discounted cash flow, which considered the financial and economic sustainability of SABESP’s operations in the metropolitan region of São Paulo; 4. All operating costs, taxes, investments and the opportunity cost of investors and the creditors of Sabesp’s were considered in the cash flow analysis; 5. The agreement provides for investments established in the agreement comply with the minimum of 13% of the gross revenue from the municipality of São Paulo, net of the taxes on revenues. Investment plans referring to Sabesp’s execution shall be compatible with the activities and programs foreseen in the state, municipal sanitation plans, and where applicable, the metropolitan plan. The investment plan is not definite and will be revised by Managing Committee every four years, especially as to investments to be made in the following period; 6. The payment related to the Municipal Fund of Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure to be applied in the sanitation service within the municipality must be recovered through the tariffs charges. Such payment represents 7.5% of the total revenue from the municipality of São Paulo, net of the taxes on revenue and delinquency in the period, recognized in profit or loss, as operating cost; 7. The opportunity cost of the investors and the creditors was established by the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) methodology. The WACC was the interest rate used to discount the cash flow of the operation; and F-57 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated 8. The agreement considers the recovery of net assets in operation, preferably evaluated through equity valuation or carrying amount monetarily restated, as defined by ARSESP. In addition, the agreement provides for the remuneration of investments to be made by SABESP, so that there is no residual value at the end of the agreement. Referring to the recovery through tariff, mentioned in item 6 above, of transfer to the Municipal Fund of Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure, ARSESP issued in April 2013, the Resolution no. 413, postponing the application of Resolution no. 407 until the conclusion of the tariff revision process, the transfer to the bill of services of amounts referring to the municipal charges which were stipulated in Resolution no. 407. The postponement to apply Resolution no. 407 was due to a request by the São Paulo State Government to analyze, among other things, methods to reduce the impact on consumers. On April 18, 2014, ARSESP Resolution no. 484 was published with the final results of SABESP’s Tariff Revision, however, both the São Paulo Municipal Government, through Official Letter no. 1,309/14-SGM/GAB and the São Paulo State Government through a petition filed by the São Paulo State Office, through the Official Letter ATG/Official Letter no. 092/14-CC, requested a postponement of the effects of ARSESP Resolution no. 413, published in the São Paulo State Official Gazette on March 20, 2013, until the conclusion of the revision of the Agreement entered into between the São Paulo Municipal Government, the São Paulo Statement Government and SABESP. By means of Resolution 488 of May 7, 2014, ARSESP maintained the suspension of the effectiveness of ARSESP Resolution 407, published on March 22, 2013, until the results obtained in the revision of the Agreement entered into by the São Paulo Municipal Government, the São Paulo State Government and SABESP postponing authorization for the transfer to the bill of the services related to the legally established municipal fees that, by force of the Program Agreements and Water Supply and Sewage Services Agreements, should be included in the Tariff Revision. The agreement represents 51.77% of the total revenue of the Company as of December 31, 2015, and ensures the judicial and assets security, adequate return to shareholders and quality services to its customers. The municipality of São Paulo and the Company did not conclude an agreement to equalize financial pending issues existing until the signature date of the Agreement related to the rendering of water supply and sewage collection services to the real properties of the municipality, reason that, the Company filed a suit to collect these accounts, which are accrued for losses. (e) Capitalization of interest and other finance charges In 2015, the Company capitalized interest and inflation adjustment, including related foreign currency exchange effects in concession intangible assets, within the limits established by the accounting rules, totaling R$466,544 (R$278,265 in 2014 and R$205,012 in 2013), during the period in which assets were recorded as works in progress. F-58 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated (f) Construction margin The Company acts as a primary responsible to construct and install the infrastructure related to the concession, using own efforts or hiring outsourcing services, receiving the risks and benefits. As a consequence, the Company recognizes revenue from construction service corresponding to the cost of construction increased by margin. Generally, the constructions related to the concessions are performed by third parties, in such case, the margin of the Company is lower, normally, to cover eventual administration costs, and the responsibility of the primary risk. In 2015 and 2014 the margin was 2.3%. Construction margin for 2015, 2014 and 2013 were R$72,908, R$62,520 and R$50,248, respectively. (g) Expropriations As a result of the construction of priority projects related to water and sewage systems, the Company was required to expropriate third-parties' properties, and the owners of these properties will be compensated either amicably or through courts. The costs of these expropriations are recorded as concession intangible assets after the transaction is completed. In 2015, the total amount related to expropriations was R$66,801 (R$13,200 in 2014 and R$61,102 in 2013). (h) Public-Private Partnership- PPP SABESP carries out operations related to the PPPs mentioned below. These operations and their respective obligations and guarantees are supported by agreements executed according to Law 11,079/04. Alto Tietê Production System The Company and the special purpose entity CAB-Sistema Produtor Alto Tietê S/A, formed by Galvão Engenharia S.A. and Companhia Águas do Brasil – Cab Ambiental, signed in June 2008 the contract of public-private- partnership of Alto Tietê production system. The contract last 15 years which purpose is to expand the capacity of treated water of Taiaçupeba from 10 thousand to 15 thousand of liters per second, whose operation began in October 2011. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the amounts recognized as intangible asset related to PPP were R$393,275 and R$404,447, respectively. In 2015, a discount rate of 8.20% p.a. was used to calculate the adjustment to present value of the agreement. The obligations assumed by the Company as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, are shown in the table below. F-59 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated On a monthly basis, SABESP assigns funds from tariffs to the SPE CAB Sistema Produtor Alto Tietê S/A, in the amount of R$9,164, corresponding to the monthly remuneration. This amount is annually adjusted by the IPC – FIPE and is recorded in a restricted account, pursuant to the contractual operating proceeding. Should SABESP comply with its monthly obligations with the SPE, the funds from the restricted account will be released. The guarantee is effective since the beginning of the operation and will be valid until the conclusion, termination, intervention, annulment or caducity of the Administrative Concession, or other extinction events provided for in the Concession Agreement or in the law applicable to administrative concessions, including in the event of bankruptcy or extinction of the SPE. São Lourenço Production System SABESP and the special purpose entity Sistema Produtor São Lourenço S/A, composed of Construções e Comércio Camargo Corrêa S/A and Construtora Andrade Gutierrez S/A, in August 2013 signed the public-private partnership agreements of the São Lourenço Production System. The objective of the contract is: a) the construction of a water producing system, mainly consisting of a water pipeline connecting Ibiúna to Barueri, a water collection station in Ibiúna, a water treatment station in Vargem Grande Paulista and water reservoirs; and b) the provision of services for a 25-year term, aiming at rendering services to operate the dehydration system, drying and final disposal of sludge, maintenance and works of the São Lourenço Production System. Works started in April 2014. Pursuant to the agreement, the works should end in April 2018. However, since these are essential works to guarantee water security, the Company has been making efforts to finish them by the end of 2017. The estimated amount monetarily restated through December 31, 2015 is approximately R$7.5 billion. This amount was calculated considering the early startup mentioned above. After the beginning of the operations, every month SABESP will transfer to the SPE Sistema Produtor São Lourenço S/A funds from tariffs arising from the services provided, in the amount of R$24.4 million, equivalent to the monthly remuneration plus interest and charges. The amount above will be annually restated by the IPC - FIPE and should be monthly recorded in a restricted account, in accordance with the operating procedures of the agreements. Should SABESP perform its monthly obligations with the SPE, the funds from the restricted account will be released. The guarantee will become effective as of the beginning of the system’s appropriate operation, duly accepted by SABESP, valid until the occurrence of any of the following events, whichiever occurs first: (i) the original payment date of the last installment of interest / amortization of the principal taken out by the SPE to execute the works; (ii) the end, termination, intervention, annulment, caducity of the Administrative Concession, or other extinction events provided for in the Concession Agreement or in the law applicable to administrative concessions, including bankruptcy or extinction of the SPE. F-60 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the carrying amount recorded in the Company’s intangible assets, related to this PPP, amounted to R$699.335 and R$22,756, respectively. Intangible assets are accounted for based on the physical evolution of the works which, as of December 31, 2015, was approximately 25%, with a counter-entry in the Private Public Partnership (PPP) liabilities account. In 2015, a discount rate of 7.80% p.a. was used to calculate the adjustment to present value of the agreement. The obligations assumed by the Company as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are shown in the table below, and the increase in liabilities and intangible assets was due to the progress of the works in 2015. Current liabilities December 31, 2015 Noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities Current liabilities December 31, 2014 Noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities Alto Tietê São Lourenço 33,255 - 319,076 682,702 352,331 682,702 38,047 - 307,991 22,245 346,038 22,245 Total 33,255 1,001,778 1,035,033 38,047 330,236 368,283 (i) Works in progress The amount of R$6,596 million is recorded under intangible assets as works in progress as of December 31, 2015 (R$5,180 million as of December 31, 2014), and, in 2015, the major projects are located in the municipalities of São Paulo, Praia Grande and Franca, totaling R$3,449 million (including R$699 million from PPP São Lourenço), R$272 million and R$199 million, respectively. (j) Amortization of intangible assets The amortization average rate totaled 3.9% as of December 31, 2015, 3.8% as of December 31, 2014 and 3.9% in December 31, 2013. (k) Software license of use The software license of use is capitalized based on the costs incurred to acquire software and make them ready for use. In the first quarter of 2013, the Company started to implement an integrated business management solution (ERP system), which includes the implementation of administrative/financial module is and the commercial module. The project is in progress. F-61 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Property, Plant and Equipment (a) Balance sheet balances December 31, 2015 Accumulated December 31, 2014 Accumulated Cost depreciation Net Cost depreciation 102,708 79,257 326,598 12,169 18,664 435 539,831 - (33,366) (164,380) (6,477) (10,246) (286) (214,755) 102,708 45,891 162,218 5,692 8,418 149 100,533 74,235 299,921 14,051 16,556 688 - (31,720) (152,999) (6,438) (9,432) (550) 325,076 505,984 (201,139) 304,845 Net 100,533 42,515 146,922 7,613 7,124 138 December 31, 2014 Additions Transfer Write-offs and disposals Depreciation December 31, 2015 100,533 42,515 146,922 7,613 7,124 138 1,032 1,383 51,610 135 634 - 304,845 54,794 1,143 3,347 (8,123) (1,109) 1,629 21 (3,092) - - (340) (10) (23) - (373) - (1,354) (27,851) (937) (946) (10) 102,708 45,891 162,218 5,692 8,418 149 (31,098) 325,076 F-62 Land Buildings Equipment Transportation equipment Furniture and fixtures Other Total (b) Changes Land Buildings Equipment Transportation equipment Furniture and fixtures Other Total Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated December 31, 2013 Additions Transfer Write-offs and disposals Depreciation Depreciation 31, 2014 88,332 23,954 71,833 7,895 6,821 661 199,496 - 28,407 58,002 1,481 1,187 374 89,451 12,201 (8,561) 42,481 (707) (29) (884) 44,501 - - (280) - (39) (3) (322) - (1,285) (25,114) (1,056) (816) (10) 100,533 42,515 146,922 7,613 7,124 138 (28,281) 304,845 December 31, 2012 Additions Transfer Write-offs and disposals Depreciation Depreciation 31, 2013 88,328 25,561 69,633 6,615 6,187 386 196,710 - - 24,678 4,096 1,458 511 30,743 4 (133) (1,358) (1,795) (5) (226) (3,513) - (216) (350) - (59) - (625) - (1,258) (20,770) (1,021) (760) (10) 88,332 23,954 71,833 7,895 6,821 661 (23,819) 199,496 Land Buildings Equipment Transportation equipment Furniture and fixtures Other Total Land Buildings Equipment Transportation equipment Furniture and fixtures Other Total (c) Depreciation The Company annually revises the depreciation rates of: buildings - 2%; equipment- 10%; transportation equipment - 10% and furniture, fixture and equipment - 6.7%. Lands are not depreciated. The depreciation average rate was 11.5% in 2015 and 11.4% in 2014 and 2013. F-63 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Borrowings and financing Borrowings and financing outstanding balance December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Financial institution Local currency 10th issue debentures th 12 issue debentures th 14 issue debentures th 15 issue debentures th 16 issue debentures th 17 issuedebentures th 18 issue debentures th 19 issue debentures 20th issue debentures Brazilian Federal Savings Bank Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES BAIXADA SANTISTA Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES PAC Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES PAC II 9751 Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES PAC II 9752 Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES ONDA LIMPA Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES TIETÊ III Leases Other Interest and charges Total in local currency Current Noncurrent Total Current Noncurrent Total 39,619 45,450 38,519 94,819 - 155,815 385,667 210,961 728,529 - 195,434 431,117 249,480 823,348 38,027 45,450 37,038 94,819 - 498,731 140,144 997,259 1,137,403 3,167 247,683 250,850 - - 49,491 16,368 10,329 4,264 2,308 22,347 17,725 11,955 649 127,862 498,587 494,500 498,587 494,500 1,014,850 1,064,341 49,104 66,984 31,206 23,660 184,082 265,663 522,940 1,270 - 65,472 77,313 35,470 25,968 206,429 283,388 534,895 1,919 127,862 - - - - 67,085 16,309 10,287 4,068 1,725 20,183 - 8,997 716 125,011 187,352 431,174 239,192 761,497 - 225,379 476,624 276,230 856,316 498,731 1,067,760 1,067,760 202,145 202,145 497,793 497,793 - - 1,031,438 1,098,523 65,237 76,975 35,318 25,875 186,374 187,420 473,593 1,886 - 81,546 87,262 39,386 27,600 206,557 187,420 482,590 2,602 125,011 625,016 5,878,760 6,503,776 968,446 5,471,029 6,439,475 Borrowings and financing outstanding balance December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Financial institution Foreign currency Inter-American Development Bank - BID 713 – US$50,195 thousand (US$75,293 thousand in December 2014) Inter-American Development Bank - BID 896 – US$2,778 thousand (US$5,555 thousand in December 2014) Inter-American Development Bank - BID 1212 – US$102,781 thousand (US$113,059 thousand in December 2014) Inter-American Development Bank - BID 2202 – US$405,072 thousand (US$347,190 thousand in December 2014) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - BIRD – US$61,158 thousand (US$45,860 thousand in December 2014) JICA 15 – ¥16.134,020 thousand (¥17,286,450 thousand in December 2014) JICA 18 – ¥14.506.240 thousand (¥15,542,400 thousand in December 2014) JICA 17 – ¥1.565.564 thousand (¥1,029,992 thousand in December 2014) JICA 19 – ¥21.701.103 thousand (¥14,208,068 thousand in December 2014) BID 1983AB – US$130,289 thousand (US$154,231 thousand in December 2014) Interest and charges Total in foreign currency Current Noncurrent Total Current Noncurrent Total 98,001 98,001 196,002 66,664 133,329 199,993 10,848 - 10,848 7,377 7,378 14,755 40,134 361,204 401,338 27,301 273,007 300,308 - - 1,572,181 1,572,181 238,464 238,464 37,373 33,603 - - 93,490 41,227 485,853 436,548 50,201 523,226 470,151 50,201 701,978 701,978 409,578 503,068 - 41,227 - - - - 914,189 914,189 121,447 371,655 924,741 121,447 371,655 924,741 25,619 23,034 358,659 384,278 322,166 345,200 - - 63,596 25,089 22,437 314,526 344,078 - 22,437 314,526 407,674 25,089 901,246 5,716,578 6,617,824 238,680 4,107,612 4,346,292 Eurobonds – US$140,000 thousand (US$140,000 thousand in December 2014) 546,570 - 546,570 Eurobonds – US$350,000 thousand (US$350,000 thousand in December 2014) - 1,362,570 1,362,570 Total borrowings and financing 1,526,262 11,595,338 13,121,600 1,207,126 9,578,641 10,785,767 Exchange rate as of December 31, 2015 US$3.9048; ¥0.03243 (US$2.6562; ¥0,02223 as of December 31, 2014) As of December 31, 2015, the Company did not record balances of borrowings and financing raised during the year to mature within 12 months. F-64 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Local currency Guarantees Maturity Annual interest rates Inflation adjustment 10th issue debentures 12th issue debentures 14th issue debentures 15th issue debentures 17th issue debentures 18th issue debentures 19th issue debentures 20th issue debentures Brazilian Federal Savings Bank Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES BAIXADA SANTISTA Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES PAC Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES PAC II 9751 Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES PAC II 9752 Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES ONDA LIMPA Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES TIETÊ III Leases Other Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds Own funds 2020 2025 2022 TJLP +1.92% (Series 1 and 3) and 9.53% (Series 2) IPCA (Series 2) TR + 9.5% TJLP +1.92% (Series 1 and 3) and 9.19% (Series 2) IPCA (Series 2) 2019 CDI + 0.99% (Series 1) and 6.2% (Series 2) IPCA (Series 2) 2023 2024 2017 2019 CDI +0.75 (Series 1) and 4.5% (Series 2) and+4.75% (Series 3) IPCA (Series 2 and 3) TJLP + 1,92 % (Series 1 and 3) and 8.25% (Series 2) IPCA (Series 2) CDI + 0.80% to 1.08% CDI + 3.80% 2015/2037 5% to 9.5% TR 2019 2023 2027 2027 2025 2028 2035 2.5% + TJLP 2.15% + TJLP 1.72%+TJLP 1.72%+TJLP 1.92% + TJLP 1.66% + TJLP 7.73% to 10.12% Own funds 2015/2018 TJLP + 2% (Fehidro) and 12% (Presidente Prudente) F-65 IPC TR Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated Foreign currency Guarantees Maturity Annual interest rates Inflation adjustment Inter-American Development Bank - BID 713 – US$50,195 thousand Inter-American Development Bank - BID 896 - US$2,778 thousand Inter-American Development Bank - BID 1212 - US$102,781 thousand Inter-American Development Bank - BID 2202 - US$405,072 thousand International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - BIRD US$61,158 thousand Eurobonds – US$140,000 thousand Eurobonds – US$350,000 thousand JICA 15 – ¥16,134,020 thousand JICA 18– ¥14,506,240 thousand JICA 17– ¥1,565,564 thousand JICA 19– ¥21,701,103 thousand BID 1983AB – US$130,289 thousand Government Government Government Government Government - - Government Government Government Government - (*) Rates comprising LIBOR + contractually defined spread. 2017 2016 2025 2035 2034 2016 2020 2029 2029 2035 2037 2023 3.35% (*) 3.00% 2.58% (*) 1.52% (*) 0.69% (*) 7.50% 6.25% 1.8% and 2.5% 1.8% and 2.5% 1.2% and 0.01% 1.7% and 0.01% Libor + 1.88% to 2.38% (*) US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ Yen Yen Yen Yen US$ F-66 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Notes to the Financial Statements Years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Amounts in thousands of reais, unless otherwise indicated (i) Payment schedule – accounting balances as of December 31, 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 to 2038 TOTAL DOMESTIC CURRENCY Debentures 361,717 890,999 864,874 959,914 396,951 Brazilian Federal Savings Bank BNDES Leasing Other Interest and other charges TOTAL IN DOMESTIC CURRENCY FOREIGN CURRENCY 49,491 73,342 11,955 649 127,862 625,016 54,313 79,251 22,461 732 - 57,932 79,251 23,642 538 - 59,602 79,251 24,924 - - 61,571 61,572 26,319 - - 189,131 64,661 61,135 28,274 - - 417,133 716,771 260,238 397,320 - - 4,080,719 1,064,341 694,040 534,895 1,919 127,862 1,047,756 1,026,237 1,123,691 546,413 343,201 1,791,462 6,503,776 BID BIRD Eurobonds JICA BID 1983AB Interest and other charges TOTAL IN FOREIGN CURRENCY Overall total 148,983 221,384 123,383 - 546,570 70,976 93,490 41,227 - - 72,348 93,490 - - - 73,720 92,502 - 123,383 7,960 123,383 15,921 - 1,362,570 111,762 69,085 - 111,762 66,853 - 123,383 1,316,470 2,180,369 15,921 198,662 238,464 - 111,762 30,037 - - 1,909,140 1,193,226 1,745,556 57,611 - 503,068 41,227 901,246 387,222 289,605 312,190 1,680,489 281,103 2,765,969 6,617,824 1,526,262 1,434,978 1,315,842 1,435,881 2,226,902 624,304 4,557,431 13,121,600 F-67 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (a) Debentures Balance as of December 31, 2015 is stated net of borrowings costs in the amount of R$11,514 (R$8,770 as of December 31, 2014), which will be amortized during the same maturity period of each contract. (i) Main events Debentures (20th issue) On December 28, 2015, the Company conducted the 20th issue of unsecured non-convertible debentures, in a single series, for tender offer, in the total amount of R$500,000, amount of 50,000 debentures, unit value of R$10, the characteristics of which are the following: Number Adjustment Interest rates Payment of interest Amortization Maturity Single series 50,000 - CDI + 3.8% p.a. Semiannual (June and December) Annual December/2018and December/2019 Funds deriving from funding by means of the 20th Issue of Debentures will be allocated to recover the Company’s cash and refinance the financial commitments coming due in the first quarter of 2016. Debentures (16th issue) On June 24, 2015, the total early redemption of the 16th issue occurred totaling R$507,674. Contractual maturity was scheduled for November 12, 2015. (ii) Covenants For the outstanding contracts, the Company has the following restrictive clauses “covenants”: Applicable to the 10th issue, 14th issue and 18th issue: Financial covenants applicable to the financing agreements entered into with the BNDES, except for agreement no. 08.2.0169.1 (Onda Limpa): The financing agreements entered into with the BNDES specify two ranges in which the Company needs to maintain its Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses, Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA, and Other Onerous Debt / Adjusted EBITDA ratios. F-68 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP These agreements also specify a guarantee mechanism in which the Company needs to ensure that a portion of the monthly receivables amount is daily recorded in a fiduciary account linked to the BNDES. In this process, every day, after the BNDES notifies the depositary bank that the Company is not in default, this portion of the monthly receivables amount is transfered to a Company curent account. If the Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses index is equal to or higher than 3.50, the Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA ratio is equal to or lower than 3.00 and the Other Onerous Debt / Adjusted EBITDA ratio is equal to or lower than 1.00, the amount to be recorded in the fiduciary account linked to the BNDES is R$170.2 million per month. If one or more ratios mentioned above are not achieved in at least two quarters, consecutive or not, within twelve months, but remain in the following range: Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted Financial Expenses lower than 3.50 and equal to or higher than 2.80, Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 3.80 and higher than 3.00 and Other Onerous Debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 1.30 and higher than 1.00, the portion of the monthly receivables that needs to be recorded in the fiduciary account linked to the BNDES is automatically increased by 20%, to R$204.3 million per month. The covenants clauses are: A. Maintenance of the following ratios, quarterly calculated and related to accrued amounts over the last 12 months, upon the disclosure of reviewed interim financial statements or audited annual financial statements: Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted financial expenses equal to or higher than 3.50; Adjusted net debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 3.00; Other onerous debt (*) / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 1.00 (*) “Other Onerous Debts” correspond to the sum of social security liabilities, health care plan, installment payment of tax debts and installment payment of debts with the Electricity supplier. B. In case of failure to comply with one or more ratios specified in item A, in two or more quarters, consecutive or not, within twelve months, the Company will be failing to comply with the first range of ratios and the portion of the monthly receivables to be recorded in a fiduciary account linked to the BNDES will be automatically increased by 20%, to R$204.3 million per month, if the ratios are maintained in the following range: Adjusted EBITDA / Adjusted financial expenses lower than 3.50 and equal to or higher than 2.80; Adjusted net debt / adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 3.80 and higher than 3.00; Other onerous debt / Adjusted EBITDA equal to or lower than 1.30 and higher than 1.00. C. The failure to achieve one or more than one ratio stipulated in item B, and/or the Company does not comply with the automatic reinforcement of guarantee under the terms of item B, the Company will be failing to comply with the covenant terms and the BNDES may, at its sole discretion: F-69 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP require the creation of additional guarantees, within term to be defined by it through notice; suspend the release of funds; and/or declare the early maturity of the Financing Agreements and/or the Commitment Agreements for the Subscription of Debentures in Private Issues and Other Covenants. As of December 31, 2015, the amount of R$204.3 million was guaranteed for the agreements above (excluding the guarantee of agreement 08.2.0169.1). Financial covenants applicable to financing agreement no. 08.2.0169.1 entered into with the BNDES: Adjusted EBITDA / adjusted net operating revenue: equal to or higher than 38%; Adjusted EBITDA /adjusted financial expenses: equal to or higher than 2.35; Adjusted net debt / adjusted EBITDA: equal to or lower than 3.20. The BNDES will annually verify if the ratios have been complied with by analyzing the annual audited financial statements, which must be presented to the BNDES or published by April 30 of the subsequent year referring to the financial statements. If the Company complies, cumulatively, with the ratios above, the BNDES will reduce the interest stipulated in the agreement from 2.15% p.a. to 1.82% p.a., from June 16 of the year when the analysis is carried out to June 15 of the subsequent year. The agreements also have a cross default clause, i.e., the early maturity of any of the Company’s debts, the amount of which may anyhow compromise the settlement of its obligations provided for in the Indenture deed shall imply the early maturity of such agreement. Applicable to the 12th issue: Calculated every quarter upon the disclosure of interim or annual financial statements: - Adjusted current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities, excluding from current liabilities the current portion of noncurrent debts incurred by the Company that are recorded in current liabilities) higher than 1.0; - EBITDA to paid financial expenses ratio equal to or higher than 1.5; - Disposal of operating assets, extinguishment of license, loss of concession or loss of Issuer’s capacity to execute and operate the basic sanitation public utilities in areas of the State of São Paulo territory, which considered individually or jointly during the deed’s effectiveness, result in a reduction of net sales revenue and/or services revenue of the Issuer exceeding twenty-five percent (25%). The limit established above will be calculated quarterly, taking into account the Issuer’s operating income for the twelve (12) months preceding the end of each quarter and applying the financial information disclosed by the Issuer; and F-70 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Noncompliance with these obligations only will be characterized when verified in its interim financial statements, during at least, two consecutive quarters, or also two nonconsecutive quarters within a twelve-month period. In case of noncompliance with the covenants, the trustee should call an extraordinary debenture holders' meeting within 48 hours from the acknowledgement of the noncompliance to resolve on the declaration of early maturity of the debentures. The agreements have a cross default clause, i.e. the early maturity of any of the Company’s debts, equal to or exceeding R$50 million, adjusted by IPCA variation as of the issue date, due to contractual default, the amount of which may anyhow compromise the settlement of the Company’s monetary obligations arising from the Issue, shall imply the early maturity of this agreement. Applicable to the 15th issue, 17th issue, 19th issue and 20th issue: Calculated every quarter upon the disclosure of interim or annual financial statements: - Adjusted total Debt/Ebitda: lower than or equal to 3.65; - Ebitda/Paid financial expenses: equal to or higher than 1.5; - Disposal of operating assets, extinguishment of license, loss of concession or loss of Issuer’s capacity to execute and operate the basic sanitation public utilities in areas of the State of São Paulo territory, which considered individually or jointly during the deed’s effectiveness, result in a reduction of net sales revenue and/or services revenue of the Issuer exceeding twenty-five percent (25%). The limit established above will be calculated quarterly, taking into account the Issuer’s operating income for the twelve (12) months preceding the end of each quarter and applying the financial information disclosed by the Issuer; and Non-compliance with the covenant clauses, during, at least, two consecutive quarters, or also two nonconsecutive quarters within a twelve-month period shall result in the early maturity of the agreement. The agreements have a cross default clause, i.e., the early maturity of any of the Company’s debts, equal to or exceeding R$90 million (for the 19th issue, amount equal to or exceeding R$120 million), adjusted by IPCA variation as of the issue date, due to contractual default, the amount of which may compromise the settlement of the Company’s monetary obligations arising from the Issue, will result in the early maturity of these agreements. F-71 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (b) Brazilian Federal Savings Bank - CEF (i) Main events Funding totaled R$199,602 in 2015, mainly related to the agreements in progress of the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC). In September 2015, advance amortization totaled R$191,081, related to Pró-Saneamento Program. The guarantee for financing agreements entered into with the Brazilian Federal Savings Bank is the recognition of a portion of tariffs in an account for this purpose with the Brazilian Federal Savings Bank, which should maintain a flow equal to or at least three times the amount of the monthly charges, during the grace period, based on interest, the management fee and the credit risk rate and, during the amortization phase, based on the principal, interest, the management fee and the credit risk rate. Additionally, the Company maintains a reserve account, linked to financing agreements, in the Brazilian Federal Savings Bank, which is maintained during the entire term the agreements, where an amount is accrued equivalent to a monthly charge, composed of, during the grace period, interest, the management fee and the credit risk rate and, during the amortization phase, of the principal, interest, the management fee and the credit risk rate. (ii) Covenants The agreements have a cross default clause, i.e., the early maturity of any of the Company’s debts, due to contractual default, the occurrence of which may anyhow compromise the settlement of its monetary obligations deriving from these contracts shall imply the early maturity. For the outstanding contracts, formalized between May 28, 2007 and March 13, 2013, the Company has the following restrictive clauses “covenants”: AMD – Performance Improvement Agreement (*) The agreements in effect, entered into with the Brazilian Federal Savings Bank and the BNDES (Baixada Santista, PAC, Onda Limpa, PAC II 9751 and PAC II 9752), whose proceeds were obtained through a selection process of the Ministry of Cities, contracted between May 28, 2007 and March 13, 2013, are subject to the financial commitments established in the AMD, calculated upon disclosure of the annual financial statements, as follows: According to the Normative Ruling no. 05 of January 22, 2008, the agreements which are purpose of investment funds, having as source of fund, the Government Severance Indemnity Fund for Employees (“FGTS”) or Worker Support Fund (“FAT”), which go through a selection process of the Ministry of Cities, shall maintain a valid Performance Improvement Agreement (“AMD”) with financial and operational ratios targets, yearly projected for the following 5 years, based on the average of the last two years. The Performance Improvement Agreement, dated May 28, 2007 and amended in August 2012, was signed between SABESP and the federal government and Federal Savings Banks and BNDES as intervening parties. According to this agreement, the Company shall comply with, at least, four of eight operational and financial ratios, stipulated for the period between 2012 and 2016. If the Company fail to comply with five of these ratios, the Federal Savings Bank and BNDES may suspend the disbursements and the Company would be prevented from executing any other credit facility agreement with these institutions, until new targets are negotiated. The possibility of renegotiating the targets, if necessary, is foreseen. F-72 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP On March 14, 2013, through the Normative Ruling no. 06, the Ministry of Cities revoked the Normative Instruction no. 05 of January 22, 2008, which regulates the Performance Improvement Agreement. Pursuant to Article 2 of the Normative Instruction no. 06, the AMDs signed until March 13, 2013 shall remain valid until the expiration date of their related effectiveness period, not being necessary to execute or renegotiate the AMD in new contracts. (c) BNDES Balance as of December 31, 2015 is stated net of borrowings costs in the amount of R$920 (R$1,011 on December 31, 2014), which will be amortized during the same maturity period of each contract. (i) Relevant funding In 2015, funding totaled R$95,000, referring to 12.2.1381.1 agreement (BNDES Tietê III), signed in February 2013; and R$20,000, referring to 09.2.1535.1 agreement (BNDES Onda Limpa), signed in March 2010. Loans are collateralized by part of revenues from the provision of water and sewage services, up to the total amount of the outstanding balance. (ii) Covenants The agreements entered into with the BNDES have standardized financial covenants, as described in item (a), (ii), covenants applicable to the 10th issue, 14th issue and 18th issue, of this Note. Operating covenants applicable to Baixada Santista, PAC, Onda Limpa and PAC II 9751, PAC II 9752: AMD – Performance Improvement Agreement (*) (*) See item (b), (ii) of this note. (d) Leasing The Company has lease agreements signed as Assets Lease. During the construction period, works are capitalized to intangible assets in progress and the lease amount is recorded at the same proportion. Works are estimated to be concluded in 2016. After startup, the lease payment period starts (240 monthly installments), whose amount is periodically restated by contracted price index. F-73 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP On January 15, 2015, the Sewage Treatment Station of São José dos Campos started its operations and the corresponding amounts as of December 31, 2015 totaled R$96,108. (e) Eurobonds Balance as of December 31, 2015 is net of borrowing costs in the amount of R$4,212 (R$5,142 as of December 31, 2014), which will be amortized during the same maturity period of the contract. (i) Covenants For the outstanding contracts, the Company has the following restrictive clauses “covenants”: Calculated every quarter upon the disclosure of interim or annual financial statements: Restrict the funding of new debts so that: - adjusted total debt to EBITDA does not exceed 3.65; - the Company's debt service coverage ratio, determined on the date this debt was incurred, shall not be lower than 2.35. Noncompliance with covenants will accelerate the maturity of the agreement. The agreement has a cross default clause, i.e., the early maturity of any indebtedness in view of the Company’s loans or any of its Subsidiaries (*) with a total principal amount of US$ 25,000,000.00 or more (or its corresponding amount in other currencies) shall imply this agreement’s early maturity. (*) As per agreement, subsidiary is: “the company, partnership or another entity from which over 50% of its voting shares are directly or indirectly owned or controlled by any Person or one or other Person’s Subsidiaries, or their combination”. (f) Inter-American Development Bank (BID) Balance as of December 31, 2015 is net of borrowing costs amounting to R$9,544 (R$8,017 as of December 31, 2014), which will be amortized during the same maturity period of each agreement. (i) Relevant funding In 2015, funding totaled R$181,998, referring to 2202 agreement (BID 2202). Loans obtained from multilateral agencies and from Government Agencies, such as the BID, BIRD and JICA, are guaranteed by the Federal Government, with a counter-guarantee of the São Paulo State government. (ii) Covenants F-74 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP For the outstanding contracts, the Company has the following restrictive clauses “covenants”: Calculated every quarter upon the disclosure of interim or annual financial statements: - Loan agreements 713, 896 and 1212 - Tariffs must: (a) produce revenues sufficient to cover the system's operating expenses, including administrative, operating, maintenance, and depreciation expenses; (b) provide a return on property, plant, and equipment no less than 7%; and (c) during project execution, the balances of current loans must not exceed 8.5% of total equity. Noncompliance with covenants will accelerate the maturity of the contract. The agreement has a cross default clause among BID agreements (same financial bank), i.e., the early maturity will occur in the event of failure to comply with any obligation therewith or any other agreement signed with BID related to project finance. (g) Japan International Cooperation Agency - JICA (i) Relevant funding Balance as of December 31, 2015 is stated net of borrowing costs amounting to R$2,646 (R$2,086 as of December 31, 2014), which will be amortized during the same maturity period of each contract. In 2015, funding totaled R$215,119, referring to BZ-P19 agreement (JICA 19); and R$13,800, referring to BZ-P17 agreement (JICA 17). For guarantees assigned, see item f (i) of this Note. (h) AB Loan (IADB 1983AB) The balance stated as of December 31, 2015 is net of borrowing costs amounting to R$5,684 (R$1,994 as of December 31, 2014), which will be amortized during the same maturity period of each contract. (i) Covenants The Company has the following restrictive clauses “covenants”: Calculated every quarter upon the disclosure of interim or annual financial statements: - The Company’s ratio of debt service coverage, determined on a consolidated basis, must be higher than or equal to 2.35; and - Total adjusted debt over Adjusted EBITDA, determined on a consolidated basis, must be lower than 3.65. F-75 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP The agreement has a cross default clause, i.e., if a Default Event occurs and continues (whether voluntarily or involuntarily, whether resulting from the effect of any applicable laws or according to with due to any act or omission to act by any Authority or another one), the BID through notification to the Borrower may order the early maturity of loan or part of it as specified in the notice (including accrued interest rates) and all other obligations are overdue and shall be promptly payable. On September 30, 2015, the Company and the IDB entered into a Letter Agreement related to the 1983AB Loan Agreement, in which the IDB irrevocably agreed not to exercise its right to accelerate the debt, in the period between September 30, 2015 and October 1, 2016, in the case of non-compliance, in a single quarter, with the “Adjusted net debt / EBITDA” ratio, which should be lower than 3.65. The IDB may exercise its right to accelerate repayment in the case of non-compliance with the ratio for more than one quarter. (i) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development -IBRD Balance as of December 31, 2015 is stated net of borrowing costs amounting to R$346 (R$366 as of December 31, 2014), which will be amortized during the same maturity period of each agreement. In 2015, funding totaled R$52,488. For the guarantees assigned, see item f (i) of this Note. (j) Covenants As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had met the requirements set forth by its loan and financing agreement. (k) Borrowings and financing – Credit Limited Agent Brazilian Federal Savings Bank Brazilian Development Bank - BNDES Inter-American Development Bank – BID Japan International Cooperation Agency – JICA International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – IBRD Others TOTAL (*) Exchange rate as of 12/31/2015. (US$1.00 = R$3.9048; ¥1.00 = R$0.03243). SABESP in order to comply with its Capex plan relies on a fund-raising plan. F-76 December 31, 2015 (in millions of reais (*)) 2,087 2,104 761 536 152 51 5,691 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Financing resources contracted have specific purposes, which have been released for the execution of their respective investments, according to the progress of the works. 17 Taxespayable (a) Current assets Recoverable taxes Cofins and Pasep Income tax and social contribution Withholding income tax (IRRF) on financial investments Other federal taxes Other municipal taxes Total December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 - 68,978 4,914 3,661 275 77,828 10,121 132,447 3,718 2,313 169 148,768 The reduction in recoverable taxes is mainly due to decrease in “income tax and social contribution” item, which was offset by Pasep and Cofins payable in the year. (b) Current liabilities Taxes and contributions payable Cofins and Pasep INSS (Social Security contribution) IRRF (withholding income tax) Other Total December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 40,505 33,836 11,126 21,828 107,295 - 33,324 17,377 23,437 74,138 F-77 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP 18 DeferredTaxesandContributions (a) Balance sheet balances Deferred income tax assets Provisions Pension obligations – G0 Pension obligations – G1 Donations of underlying assets on concession agreements Allowance for loan losses Tax losses Other Total deferred tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities Temporary difference on concession intangible assets Capitalization of borrowing costs Profit on supply to governmental entities Actuarial gain/loss –G1 Plan Construction margin Borrowing costs Total deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets, net F-78 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 480,378 - 256,808 53,206 213,171 58,829 121,550 1,183,942 (524,495) (309,648) (81,055) (33,726) (94,921) (11,855) 524,728 85,271 229,266 45,742 222,587 - 112,566 1,220,160 (559,411) (253,581) (87,092) (2,514) (98,772) (9,312) (1,055,700) (1,010,682) 128,242 209,478 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (b) Realization Deferred income tax assets to be realized within 12 months to be realized after one year Total deferred tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities to be realized within 12 months to be realized after one year Total deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets (c) Changes Deferred income tax assets December 31, 2014 Provisions Pension obligations – G0 Pension obligations - G1 Donations of underlying assets on concession agreements Credit losses Tax losses Other Total Deferred income tax liabilities Temporary differences on concession intangible asset Capitalization of borrowing costs Profit on supply to governmental entities Actuarial gain/losses – G1 Construction margin Borrowing costs Total Deferred tax asset, net 524,728 85,271 229,266 45,742 222,587 - 112,566 1,220,160 (559,411) (253,581) (87,092) (2,514) (98,772) (9,312) (1,010,682) December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 277,573 906,369 1,183,942 (42,820) (1,012,880) (1,055,700) 128,242 Net change (44,350) (85,271) 27,542 7,464 (9,416) 58,829 8,984 (36,218) 34,916 (56,067) 6,037 (31,212) 3,851 (2,543) (45,018) 216,063 1,004,097 1,220,160 (39,836) (970,846) (1,010,682) 209,478 December 31, 2015 480,378 - 256,808 53,206 213,171 58,829 121,550 1,183,942 (524,495) (309,648) (81,055) (33,726) (94,921) (11,855) (1,055,700) 209,478 (81,236) 128,242 F-79 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Deferred income tax assets December 31, 2013 Net variation December 31, 2014 Provisions Pension obligations – G0 Pension obligations - G1 Donations of underlying assets on concession agreements Credit losses Other Total Deferred income tax liabilities Temporary difference on concession intangible asset Capitalization of borrowing costs Profit on supply to governmental entities Actuarial gain /loss – G1 Other Total Deferred tax asset, net Opening balance Net change in the year: - corresponding entry to the income statement - corresponding entry to valuation adjustments to equity (Note 20 (b)) Total net change Closing balance 506,568 85,271 215,187 43,901 172,482 87,266 1,110,675 (595,285) (200,343) (81,711) (32,405) (86,901) (996,645) 18,160 - 14,079 1,841 50,105 25,300 109,485 35,874 (53,238) (5,381) 29,891 (21,183) (14,037) 524,728 85,271 229,266 45,742 222,587 112,566 1,220,160 (559,411) (253,581) (87,092) (2,514) (108,084) (1,010,682) 114,030 95,448 209,478 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013 209,478 114,030 145,302 (50,024) (31,212) (81,236) 128,242 F-80 65,557 29,891 95,448 10,538 (41,810) (31,272) 209,478 114,030 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (d) Reconciliation of the effective tax rate The amounts recorded as income and social contribution tax expenses in the financial statements are reconciled to the statutory rates, as shown below: Profit before income taxes Statutory rate Estimated expense at statutory rate Tax benefit of interest on equity Permanent differences Provision Law 4,819/58 (i) Donations GESP agreement (Note 10 (vii)) Other differences Income tax and social contribution Current income tax and social contribution Deferred income tax and social contribution Effective rate 2015 587,529 34% (199,760) 56,172 (54,679) (3,153) 151,465 (1,295) (51,250) (1,226) (50,024) 9% 2014 2013 1,274,843 34% (433,447) 100,327 (48,380) (7,080) - 16,720 2,655,599 34% (902,904) 182,596 (33,279) (12,218) - 33,765 (371,860) (732,040) (437,417) 65,557 29% (742,578) 10,538 28% (i) Permanent difference related to the provision for actuarial liability (Note 20 (iii)). F-81 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (e) Law 12,973/2014 On May 13, 2014, the Provisional Presidential Decree 627 of November 11, 2013 was converted into Law 12,973, which amend the federal tax laws related to the Corporate Income Tax - IRPJ, Social Contribution on Net Income - CSLL, Contribution to PIS/Pasep and Contribution to Social Security Financing– Cofins and revokes the Tax Transition System- RTT, enacted by Law No.11,941 of May 27, 2009. As of January 1, 2015, the Company adopts the criteria set forth in Law 12,973/2014. There were no relevant impacts arising from these changes. 19 Provisions (a) Lawsuits with probable likelihood of loss (I) Financial position balances The Company is party to a number of claims and legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including civil, tax, labor and environmental matters. Management, recognized provisions at an amount considered sufficient to cover probable losses. These provisions, net of escrow deposits are as follows: Provisions Escrow deposits December 31, 2015 Provisions Escrow deposits Customer claims (i) Supplier claims (ii) Other civil claims (iii) Tax claims (iv) Labor claims (v) Environmental claims (vi) Total Current Noncurrent 561,061 296,660 124,833 62,812 283,991 83,520 (97,711) (217,625) (10,681) (677) (3,073) (896) 1,412,877 (330,663) 631,890 780,987 - (330,663) 463,350 79,035 114,152 62,135 280,918 82,624 1,082,214 631,890 450,324 F-82 638,637 260,854 126,403 55,554 235,466 226,404 (114,463) (195,478) (9,990) - (2,233) (807) December 31, 2014 524,174 65,376 116,413 55,554 233,233 225,597 1,543,318 (322,971) 1,220,347 625,092 918,226 - (322,971) 625,092 595,255 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (II) Changes Customer claims (i) Supplier claims (ii) Other civil claims (iii) Tax claims (iv) Labor claims (v) Environmental claims (vi) Subtotal Escrow deposits Total Customer claims Supplier claims Other civil claims Tax claims Labor claims Environmental claims Subtotal Escrow deposits Total Customer claims Supplier claims Other civil claims Tax claims Labor claims Environmental claims Subtotal Escrow deposits Total December 31, 2014 Additional provisions Interest and inflation adjustment Use of the accrual Amounts not used (reversal) December 31, 2015 638,637 260,854 126,403 55,554 235,466 226,404 1,543,318 (322,971) 1,220,347 34,868 7,062 13,022 1,501 114,499 17,072 188,024 (16,892) 171,132 96,735 39,143 20,643 8,557 27,231 16,247 208,556 (21,791) 186,765 (92,203) (5,837) (12,778) (266) (23,431) (8,081) (142,596) 26,061 (116,535) (116,976) (4,562) (22,457) (2,534) (69,774) (168,122) (384,425) 4,930 (379,495) 561,061 296,660 124,833 62,812 283,991 83,520 1,412,877 (330,663) 1,082,214 December 31, 2013 Additional provisions Interest and inflation adjustment Use of the accrual Amounts not used (reversal) December 31, 2014 621,999 340,100 129,400 59,659 156,060 182,689 1,489,907 (309,525) 1,180,382 66,895 1,917 31,224 983 123,631 53,829 278,479 (24,999) 253,480 87,987 18,922 37,607 6,818 22,205 21,257 194,796 (21,613) 173,183 (74,308) (66,608) (14,507) (2,313) (42,107) (13) (199,856) 28,698 (171,158) (63,936) (33,477) (57,321) (9,593) (24,323) (31,358) (220,008) 4,468 (215,540) 638,637 260,854 126,403 55,554 235,466 226,404 1,543,318 (322,971) 1,220,347 December 31, 2012 Additional provisions Interest and inflation adjustment Use of the accrual Amounts not used (reversal) December 31, 2013 652,663 290,593 169,513 71,141 173,227 149,061 1,506,198 (317,044) 1,189,154 109,920 106,094 (101,710) (144,968) 45,328 26,517 7,981 22,284 10,360 218,564 (17,391) 201,173 (2,968) (9,175) (6,320) (80,670) (660) (201,503) 24,319 (177,184) (9,979) (88,477) (15,649) (34,623) (20,591) (314,287) 34,909 (279,378) 17,126 31,022 2,506 75,842 44,519 280,935 (34,318) 246,617 F-83 621,999 340,100 129,400 59,659 156,060 182,689 1,489,907 (309,525) 1,180,382 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (b) Lawsuits with possible likelihood of loss The Company is party to lawsuits and administrative proceedings, which are assessed by Management whose chances of loss are possible and are not recorded. Liability contingencies classified as possible loss, are represented as follows: Customer claims (i) Supplier claims (ii) Other civil claims (iii) Tax claims (iv) Labor claims (v) Environmental claims (vi) Total December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 414,700 1,606,100 683,000 945,400 483,700 1,277,600 461,900 1,346,400 447,900 632,100 304,000 586,800 5,410,500 3,779,100 (c) Explanation on the nature of main classes oflawsuits (i) Customer claims Approximately 1,155 lawsuits were filed by commercial customers, which claim that their tariffs should correspond to other consumer categories, and 720 lawsuits which claim a reduction in the sewage tariff due to losses in the system, consequently requesting the refund of amounts charged by the Company and 55 lawsuits where customers plead the reduction in tariff under the category as “Social Welfare Entity”. The Company was granted both favorable and unfavorable final decisions at several court levels and recognized provisions when the chances of losses are probable. The decrease of R$60,824 in the lawsuits classified as probable loss (net of escrow deposits) is mainly related to payments made in the period and revisions of expectations caused by favorable decisions during 2015. The R$47,200 decrease in lawsuits with chances of possible losses is mainly related to revisions of expectations. (ii) Supplier claims F-84 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Suppliers’ claims include lawsuits filed by some suppliers alleging underpayment of monetary restatements, withholding of amounts related to the understated inflation rates deriving from Real economic plan, and the economic and financial imbalance of the agreements. These lawsuits are in progress at different courts and a provision is recognized when the chances of losses are probable. The R$259,700 increase in lawsuits whose chances of losses is considered possible is mainly related to interest rates, fees and update of lawsuits in progress. (iii) Other civil claims These mainly refer to indemnities for property damage, pain and suffering, and loss of profits allegedly caused to third parties, filed at different court levels, dully accrued when classified as probable losses. The R$235,100 increase in the lawsuits with expectation of possible losses is related to new lawsuits filed in 2015, and interest rates, fees and update of lawsuits in progress. (iv) Tax claims Tax claims refers mainly to issues related to tax collections challenged due to differences in the interpretation of legislation by the Company's management, accrued when classified as probable loss. The R$313,300 increase in lawsuits with chances of possible losses is related to an increase in the number of lawsuits filed in 2015 and interest rates, fees and update of lawsuits in progress. (a) In 2006, the Federal Revenue Service, by means of a tax execution, verified the Company’s compliance with the tax obligations related to income tax and social contribution for calendar year 2001, and issued a tax assessment adjusted through December 31, 2015 in the amount of R$455,934 (R$431,853 as of December 31, 2014). The Company appealed this recognition and was granted a partial relief in the first administrative instance. In December 2015, it filed a Voluntary Appeal against the part of the decision that was unfavorable to it. Management considers that the chances of losses of this administrative proceeding is approximately 90% considered remote and 10% possible. (b) The municipality of São Paulo through law revoked the services tax exemption which until them the company withheld and thereafter issued tax deficiency notices related to the sewage service and ancillary activities, in the updated amount of R$430,268 (R$357,528 as of December 31, 2014), which currently are subject-matter of Tax Foreclosures, classified by the Management as possible losses. SABESP filed a writ of mandamus against this revocation, which was rejected, and currently is under phase of appealability of Special and Extraordinary Appeals filed. Writs of prevention and actions for annulment were also filed, aiming the suspension of enforceability of credits and the annulment of tax deficiency notices, as it understands that notwithstanding the exemption revocation, the sewage activities and ancillary activities are not included in the list of activities subject to taxation by municipality. There is no final court decision on the merits and the Company’s Management assessed the risk as possible losses. (c) The Federal Revenue Service rejected some offset requests made by the Company for the extinction of IRPJ/CSLL payable, using favorable amounts, arising from undue payments of IRPJ/CSLL, which were paid based on monthly estimates. The amount involved was adjusted through December 31, 2015 and is R$57,612 (R$53,486 as of December 31, 2014). Management assessed it as a possible loss. F-85 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (d) The Company’s request for an authorization to offset taxes was rejected, overdue in the periods of July, August and September 2002 against the amount of IRPJ paid in excess in 1997 and 1998, due to inflation adjustment over the financial statements (Law 8,200/91), which was anticipated in 1996 due to an injunction, after excluded due discontinuance of proceeding and application of Provisional Measure 38/02. The Administrative Council of Tax Appeals rejected the credit from 1997. The amount involved was adjusted through December 31, 2015 and is estimated at R$47,470 (R$45,401 as of December 31, 2014). The Company’s Management assessed this claim as a possible loss. (e) On June 23, 2010, the Company and the municipality of São Paulo signed an agreement to provide water supply and sewage services. The negotiation of this agreement led to the extinction of some judicial lawsuits, but others were not part of the referred agreement, and lawsuit proceeds as usual. The remaining judicial lawsuits considered as possible and probable loss are mainly related to taxes and fines. As of December 31, 2015 the amounts of such judicial lawsuits were R$17,772 (R$15,746 as of December 31, 2014) and R$87,650 (R$71,677 as of December 31, 2014), respectively. (f) In 2005, the Federal Revenue Service partially rejected the Company´s request of offsetting tax credits related to the Corporate Income Tax (IRPJ) and the Social Contribution on Net Income (CSLL) in the amount of approximately R$56,118, and R$8,659, respectively, which relate to the period from January to April 2003, for which the Company offset prior year IRPJ and CSLL negative balances. The amounts not ratified by the authority of IRPJ and CSLL are R$11,164 and R$698, totaling R$11,862 million. As the company was granted a partial relief in this matter, the Company's legal counsels believe the chances of losses amount to R$7,636 as of December 31, 2015 (R$7,288 as of December 31, 2014) R$1,302 (R$1,243 as of December 31, 2014), and these are possible and probable, respectively. (g) SABESP filed two writs of mandamus pleading the declaration of unconstitutional municipal laws that levy the collection of taxes deriving from the use of public areas in the water and sewage network installation for the rendering of basic sanitation public utilities. The first writ of mandamus was judged groundless at the lower court and the Court of Justice of São Paulo, in the appeal's records, partially granted relief to recognize the impossibility of charging the monthly contribution, due to unconstitutionality, deeming as valid the need of security and other requirements to issue the Statement of Use Permit– TPU, however, this decision had no effect since the rules, subject-matter of the first writ of mandamus were revoked. The second writ of mandamus was granted partial relief to prohibit the enforceability of public price and the security for the use of public areas deriving from the municipal laws. The municipality’s appeal was rejected and is pending judgment at the higher court. The Management assessed the risk as possible loss, but it was not possible to estimate the amount involved, as it would be necessary to know the extension of water and sewage networks and other equipment installed in the municipality’s urban soil (public areas), as well as define the amount of related property based on the length applied. (v) Labor claims The Company is a party to labor lawsuits, involving issues such as overtime, shift schedule, health hazard premium and hazardous duty premium, prior notice, change of function, salary equalization, service outsourcing and other. Part of the amount involved is in provisional or final execution at various court levels, and thus is classified as of probable, and accordingly, accrued. The R$47,685 increase in lawsuits with probable chances of losses (net of escrow deposits) was mainly due to the revision of expectations caused by unfavorable decisions. The R$179,700 increase in the lawsuits with possible chances of losses is mainly due to higher lawsuits filed, revision of expectations and interest rates, fees and updates on lawsuits in progress in 2015. F-86 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (vi) Environmental claims Environmental claims refer to several administrative proceedings and lawsuits filed by government entities, including Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental – Cetesb, Public Prosecution Office of the State of São Paulo and others, that aim affirmative and negative covenants and penalty is estimated due to failure to comply in addition to the imposition of indemnity due to environmental damages allegedly caused by the Company. The amounts accrued represent the best estimate of the Company at this moment, however, may differ from the amount to be disbursed as indemnity to alleged damages, in view of the current stage of referred proceedings. The R$142,973 decrease in lawsuits with expectation of probable losses (net of escrow deposits) is mainly related to settlements in 2015 and revisions of expectations caused by favorable decisions. The R$690,800 increase in lawsuits with expectation of possible loss was due to the increase in the number of lawsuits filed in 2015 and the complementary estimates of lawsuits in progress. Among the main lawsuits the Company is involved, there are six public civil actions the subject-matters of which are: a) sentence SABESP to restrain itself from discharging or releasing sewage without due treatment; b) invest in the water and sewage treatment system of the municipality, under the penalty of paying a fine; c) payment of indemnity due to environmental damages, amongst others. Management classified part of lawsuits as probable chances of losses, in the amount of R$63,095 (R$87,056 as of December 31, 2014) and another eleven lawsuits as possible losses in the amount of R$1,233,857 (R$558,980 as of December 31, 2014). (vii) Other concession-related legal proceedings The Company is party in concessions-related proceedings, cases in which it can lose the right of operating water supply and sewage collection services in few municipalities, such as follows: (a) The municipality of Cajobi filed an action to recover possession against SABESP, which was granted relief to maintain the municipality in the possession of water and sewage assets. It is currently awaiting the decision on the internal Interlocutory Appeal filed against the decision that denied the Special Appeal. Meanwhile, SABESP has filed a Motion for Expedited Discovery in order to calculate the amount payable to each municipality, which is in the forensic accounting stage, and subsequently file an action for damages, with a possible likelihood of loss. (b) The Company filed a repossession action against the municipality of Álvares Florence, which was deemed groundless in an unappealable judgement on June 3, 2015, and the operation is not maintained; F-87 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (c) The municipality of Macatuba filed an action to recover possession against SABESP, which was granted relief. SABESP does not operate in the municipality and the likelihood of loss is probable. Meanwhile, SABESP has filed an action requesting the payment of indemnity for the portions of the investments related to non-amortized or depreciated reversible assets. The action is in the forensic accounting stage, with a possible likelihood of loss. In this same action, the municipality of Macatuba filed an appeal because it believes that SABESP earned, through the collection of tariffs, more than the amount invested in the water and sewage system, requesting that the Company be sentenced to pay an indemnity to be calculated by forensic experts, with a possible likelihood of loss; (d) The Company filed an action to maintain possession against the municipality of Iperó, which was deemed groundless and is currently awaiting the acceptance of appeals, however, the lawsuit is suspended for eventual settlement between the parties. The chances are of probable loss. Meanwhile, SABESP filed a Motion for Expedited Discovery, which was granted only for the listing of the assets that integrate the service. The lawsuit is currently suspended for the possible execution of a program agreement; (e) The municipality of Embaúba filed a repossession action against SABESP, which was granted relief to maintain the municipality in the possession of water and sewage assets and was issued a final and unappealable judgment on May 29, 2015. The indemnity action was judged groundless in first instance. The Company is currently awaiting the sentence on the appeal. The likelihood of loss is possible; (f) The municipality of Araçoiaba da Serra filed a repossession action against SABESP, which was granted relief to maintain the municipality in the possession of water and sewage assets and was issued a final and unappealable judgment. SABESP filed an indemnity action against the municipality, which is in progress, in the forensic expert stage, with a possible likelihood of loss; (g) The municipality of Itapira filed a repossession action against SABESP, which was granted relief to maintain the municipality in the possession of water and sewage assets. SABESP filed an indemnity action against the municipality, which is in progress, with a possible likelihood of loss. (h) The municipality of Tuiuti, through a declaratory judgment action, obtained the right to remain in charge of water and sewage services. However, in a counter-claim, the municipality was sentenced to pay an indemnity, to be restated as of March 1996, as a final decision that became an execution object by SABESP. SABESP no longer operates in the municipality. The likelihood of loss in the counter-claim is remote. The amount of the intangible assets related to the municipalities mentioned in the lawsuits mentioned above is R$33.502 as of December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014 – R$33,510). If any of these municipalities is awarded a final and unappealable favorable sentence, allowing it to repossess sanitation service assets and operations, the Brazilian legislation provides for the indemnity of the Company’s investments. See information about EMAE lawsuits in Note 10 (c). F-88 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (d) Lawsuits with settlements made in 2015 During 2015, the Company settled several judicial and administrative proceedings, totaling R$228,643. Out of this amount, R$212,713 refer to works and R$15,929 refer to environmental compensations, the later, recorded as “other liabilities”. The accumulated balance as of December 31, 2015, referring to these environmental liabilities amounted R$32,146 (R$18,497 as of December 31, 2014). (e) Guarantee insurance for escrow deposit During the second quarter of 2015, the Company contracted guarantee insurance for escrow deposit totaling R$500 million. Such insurance will be used in legal claims where instead of making immediate cash disbursement by the Company, such insurance is used until the conclusion of these proceedings or up to three-year effectiveness term of the agreement. In 2015, the Company used R$238,540 of the total contracted amount. 20 Employees Benefits (a) Health benefit plan The health benefit plan is managed by Sabesprev and consists of optional, free choice, health plans sponsored by contributions of SABESP and the active participants, as follows: . Company: 7.4% (December 31, 2014 – 7.2%) on average, of gross payroll; . Participating employees: 3.21% of base salary and premiums, equivalent to 2.3% of payroll, on average. (b) Pensionplanbenefits Funded plan – G1 (i) Present value of defined benefit obligations Fair value of the plan assets Net liabilities recognized for defined benefit obligations Unfunded plan – G0 (iii) Present value of defined benefit obligations Net liabilities recognized for defined benefit obligations Liability as per statement of financial position – pension obligations (*) F-89 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 2,252,204 (1,586,930) 2,249,794 (1,573,723) 665,274 676,071 2,166,942 2,053,527 2,166,942 2,053,527 2,832,216 2,729,598 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP The increase of liabilities in 2015 is mainly due to the impact of real increase of salaries and benefits, in spite of the increase in the discount rate to the G1 and G0 plans to 7.23% and 7.25% in 2015, versus 6.11% and 6.09% in 2014. Pursuant to IAS19, the Company recognizes (gains)/losses, due to changes in assumptions under equity, as valuation adjustments to equity, as shown below: As at December 31, 2015 Actuarial gain /(loss) on obligations Gains/(losses) on financial assets Total gains/(losses) Deferred income tax and social contribution– G1 Plan Valuation adjustments to equity As at December 31, 2014 Actuarial gain /(loss) on obligations Gains /(losses) on financial assets Other Total gains /(losses) Deferred income tax and social contribution – G1 Plan Valuation adjustments to equity As at December 31, 2013 Actuarial gain /(loss) on obligations Gains /(losses) on financial assets Other Total gains /(losses) Deferred income tax and social contribution – G1 Plan Valuation adjustments to equity G1 Plan G0 Plan Total 228,191 (136,389) 91,802 (31,212) 60,590 (24,224) - (24,224) - (24,224) 203,967 (136,389) 67,578 (31,212) 36,366 G1 Plan G0 Plan Total (113,727) 28,208 (2,397) (87,916) 29,891 (58,025) (198,192) - - (198,192) - (198,192) (311,919) 28,208 (2,397) (286,108) 29,891 (256,217) G1 Plan G0 Plan Total 432,426 (312,857) 3,404 122,973 (41,810) 81,163 244,121 - - 244,121 - 244,121 676,547 (312,857) 3,404 367,094 (41,810) 325,284 F-90 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (i) G1 Plan The Company sponsors a defined benefit pension plan for its employees ("Plan G1"), which is managed by Sabesprev, receives similar contributions established in a plan of subsidy of actuarial study of SABESPREV, as follows: 1.19% of the portion of the salary of participation up to 20 salaries; and 10.13% of the surplus, if any, of the portion of the salary of participation over 20 salaries. As of December 31, 2015, SABESP had a net actuarial liability of R$665,274 (R$676,071 as of December 31, 2014) representing the difference between the present value of the Company's defined benefit obligations to the participating employees, retired employees, and pensioners; the fair value of the plan’s assets. Defined benefit obligation, beginning of the year Current service cost Interest cost Actuarial (gains)/losses recorded as other comprehensive income Benefits paid 2015 2,249,794 46,355 286,735 (228,191) (102,489) 2014 1,988,912 30,736 199,528 113,727 (83,109) Defined benefit obligation, end of the year 2,252,204 2,249,794 Below, the change of fair value of plan assets during the year: Fair value of plan’s assets, beginning of year Expected return on the plan assets Expected Company's contributions Expected participants’ contributions Benefits paid Financial gain (loss) recorded as other comprehensive income Fair value of plan’s assets, end of the year (Deficit)/Surplus F-91 2015 1,573,723 205,981 23,052 23,052 (102,489) (136,389) 1,586,930 (665,274) 2014 1,442,164 144,678 21,223 20,559 (83,109) 28,208 1,573,723 (676,071) Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP The amounts recognized in the income statement are as follows: Current service cost Interest cost rate Expected return on plan assets Total expenses 2015 23,303 287,334 (205,981) 104,656 2014 9,513 199,528 (144,678) 64,363 2013 27,947 206,429 (151,139) 83,237 In 2015, the expenses related to defined pension plan amounting to R$68,412, R$8,838 and R$22,902, were recorded in operating costs, selling and administrative expenses. The amount of R$4,504 was capitalized in assets. Estimated expenses Current service cost Interest cost rates Participants contribution Net profitability on financial assets Total additional expenses to be recognized Actuarial assumptions: Discount rate – actual rate (NTN-B) Inflation rate Expected rate of return on assets Future salary increase Mortality table 2016 37,725 295,421 (23,143) (207,650) 102,353 2015 2014 2013 7.23% p.a. 6.49% p.a. 14.19% p.a. 8.62% p.a. AT-2000 6.11% p.a. 6.49% p.a. 13.00% p.a. 8.62% p.a. AT-2000 6.36% p.a. 5.80% p.a. 12.53% p.a. 7.92% p.a. AT-2000 The number of active participants as of December 31, 2015 was 8,130 (8,670 as of December 31, 2014), and of inactive participants was 6,956 (6,675 as of December 31, 2014). The benefit to be paid of G1 pension plan, expected for 2015 is R$170,193. The contributions of the Company and participants of Plan G1 in 2015 were R$23,651 (R$22,956 in 2014) and R$24,216 (R$23,621 in 2014), respectively. F-92 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP The Company and Sabesprev are in process of negotiation to resolve the actuarial deficit. Migrations are suspended due to the lack of a final court decision on this matter. By continuing the process of migrating participants from the Defined Benefit Plan to Sabesprev Mais Plan, Management expects to reduce the actuarial deficit due to the change by the optionee, to the referred plan. Sensitivity analysis of the defined benefit pension plan as of December 31, 2015 regarding the changes in the main assumptions are: Funded plan - G1 Discount rate Wage increase rate Life expectation Plan’s assets Change in assumption Increase of 1.0% Decrease of 1.0% Increase of 1.0% Decrease of 1.0% Increase of 1 year Decrease of 1 year Impact on present value of the defined benefit obligations Decrease of R$208,158 Increase of R$227,435 Increase of R$76,545 Decrease of R$67,687 Increase of R$43,690 Decrease of R$42,665 The plan investment policies and strategies are aim at getting consistent returns and reduce the risks associated to the utilization of financial assets available on the Capital Markets through diversification, considering factors, such as the liquidity needs and the long-term nature of the plan liability, types and availability of financial instruments in the local and international markets, general economic conditions and forecasts as well as requirements under the law. The plan's asset allocation management strategies are determined with the support of reports and analysis prepared by Sabesprev and independent financial advisors: Fixed income - NTNB’s - NTNC’s - NTNF’s - LTN’s Government bonds in own portfolio Fixed income fund quotas Private credit investment fund quotas Debentures Total fixedincome Equities Stocks investment fund quotas Shares Totalequities Structured investments Equity investment fund quotas Real estate investment fund quotas Multimarket investment fund quotas Total structured investments Investments abroad Other Fair value of planassets December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 834,535 141,104 6,201 23,537 1,005,377 99,664 129,317 4,330 790,779 139,200 6,206 - 936,185 120,413 103,736 - 1,238,688 1,160,334 174,794 2,121 176,915 89,165 25,885 4,313 119,363 20,511 31,453 223,167 - 223,167 83,204 30,672 28,206 142,082 19,079 29,061 1,586,930 1,573,723 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) F-93 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (a) Fixed income: it is composed of government bonds issued by the National Treasury, between 2017 and 2050. These instruments are indexed by NTN-b indexed by IPCA (Extended Consumer Price Index), NTN-c indexed by IGPM (General Market Price Index), NTN-f which has a fixed index, and LTN-s, which has a fixed index. (b) Fixed Income Fund Quotas: investment funds that seek return on fixed income assets and shall have at least, 80% of the portfolio in directly related assets, summed up via derivatives to the risk factor. (c) Private Credit Investment Fund Quotas: funds that seek return by means of the acquisition of operations representing corporate debts or disseminated receivables portfolios (rights or bonds), originated and sold by several assignors who anticipate funds and have receivables from several business activities as guarantee. (d) Equities: equity fund composed of Brazilian companies’ stocks listed at BM&FBovespa. (e) Equity Investment Fund Quotas: it is composed of a closed-ended investment fund. The assets under its management are destined to the acquisition of stocks, debentures, warrants or other securities convertible or swappable into shares issued by publicly- or closely-heldcompanies. F-94 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (f) Real Estate Investment Fund Quotas: Funds investing in real estate projects (commercial buildings, shopping centers, hospitals, etc.). The return on capital invested occurs by sharing the Fund’s proceeds or sale of its quotas in the Fund. (g) Multimarket Investment Fund Quotas: they can be classified as Multimercados Referenciados DI or Multimercado Long & Short, they seek a basic return of CDI or share arbitration, respectively. (h) Foreign investment: investment fund quotas in global companies’ stocks, mostly, US companies. (i) Other: basically composed of borrowings and real estates. Restrictions with respect to asset portfolio investments, in the case of federal government securities: i) papers securitized by the National Treasury will not bepermitted; ii) derivative instruments must be used for hedge. Restrictions with respect to asset portfolio investments, in the case of variable-income securities for internal management, are as follows: i) day-trade operations will not be permitted; ii) sale of uncovered share is prohibited; iii) swap operations without guarantee are prohibited; iv) leverage will not be permitted, i.e., operations with derivatives representing leverage of asset or selling short, such operations cannot result in losses higher than investedamounts. At the end of 2015, Sabesprev had in its investment portfolio debentures issued by the Company in the amount of R$4,330 (R$1,893 as of December 31, 2014). The real estate held in the portfolio is not used by the Company. The Brazilian capital markets were affected in 2015 by the negative perception about how the macroeconomic policy has been conducted, inflation remaining at high levels and low economic growth, however, despite this scenario, the plan’s assets improved by 12.82% in 2015 and 9.92% in 2014, and this positive variation was substantially impacted by government bonds (NTNB’s, NTNC’s and NTNF’s). Concerning the Fixed Income, investments in fixed income and private credit recorded positive returns impacted by the mark-to-market effect of federal government bonds, which had a relevant value appreciation in 2015 over 2014. F-95 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Concerning Equities, stocks of Brazilian companies listed at the BMF&Bovespa had their prices reduced. The return of main Brazilian stock index, the Ibovespa, recorded -13.31% in 2015 against -2.91% in 2014. Concerning the Structured Investments portfolio, the main factor hindering return was the investment in Real Estate Investment Fund, which had a negative return in the period. (ii) Private pension plan benefits – Defined contribution As of December 31, 2015, Sabesprev Mais plan, based on defined contribution, had 5,213 active and assisted participants (5,188 as of December 31, 2014). With respect to the Sabesprev Mais plan, the contributions from the sponsor represent 100% over the total basic contribution from the participants. In 2015, expenses related to the obligation of defined contribution, totaling R$4,028, R$562 and R$1,331, were allocated to operating costs, selling expenses and administrative expenses. The amount of R$633 was capitalized in assets. Regarding the Sabesprev Mais plan, the commitment to all participants who migrated up to December 31, 2015 amounted to R$7,907 (R$9,214 as of December 31, 2014) referred to active participants. The Company has made contributions in the amount of R$9,472 in 2015 (R$8,936 as of December 31, 2014). (iii) Plan G0 Pursuant to Law 4,819/58, employees who started providing services prior to May 1974 and were retired as an employee of the Company acquired a legal right to receive supplemental pension payments, which rights are referred as "Plan G0". The Company pays these supplemental benefits on behalf of the State Government and makes claims for reimbursements from the State Government, which are recorded as accounts receivable from related parties, limited to the amounts considered virtually certain that will be reimbursed by the State Government. As of December 31, 2015, the Company recorded a defined benefit obligation for Plan G0 of R$2,166,942 (R$2,053,527 as of December 31, 2014). Defined benefit obligation, beginning of year Current interest expense and service costs Actuarial gains/(losses) recorded as other comprehensive income Benefits paid 2015 2,053,527 248,054 24,224 (158,863) 2014 1,780,268 224,931 198,192 (149,864) Defined benefit obligation, end of the year 2,166,942 2,053,527 The amounts recognized in the income statement are as follows: F-96 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Interest expense and service costs Amount received from GESP (undisputed amount) Total expenses In 2015, the expense related to the defined benefit obligation under Plan G0 was recorded in administrative expenses. Estimated expenses Interest cost rates Total additional expenses to be recognized The main actuarial assumptions used: Discount rate – actual rate (NTN-B) Inflationrate Futuresalaryincrease Mortality table 2015 248,054 (87,232) 160,822 2016 282,118 282,118 2015 2014 2013 7.25% p.a. 6.49% p.a. 8.62% p.a. AT-2000 6.09% p.a. 6.49% p.a. 8.62% p.a. AT-2000 6.46% p.a. 5.80% p.a. 7.92% p.a. AT-2000 The number of active participants of Plan - Go as of December 31, 2054 was 15 (22 as of December 31, 2014). The number of beneficiaries, retirees and survivors as of December 31, 2015 was 2,186 (2,375 as of December 31, 2014). The benefit payable from the Go pension plan expected for 2016 is R$178,691. The sensitivity analysis of defined benefit pension plan as of December 31, 2015 to the changes in the main assumptions is: Plan – G0 Discount rate Wages growth rate Life expectation Changes in assumption Impact on presente value of the defined benefit obligations Increase of 1.0% Decrease of 1.0% Increase of 1.0% Decrease of 1.0% Increase of 1 year Decrease of 1year F-97 Decrease of R$200,278 Increase of R$218,825 Increase of R$225,333 Decrease of R$198,756 Increase of R$86,386 Decrease of R$82,234 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (c) Profit sharing The Company has a profit sharing program in accordance with an agreement with labor union and Sabesp. The period covered represents the Company fiscal year, commence in January to December. The limit of the profit sharing is one month salary for each employee, depending on performance goals reached. As of December 31, 2015, the Program’s balance payable was recorded under “salaries, payroll charges and social contributions” in the amount of R$76,634 (R$72,946 as at December 31, 2014). 21 Servicespayable The services account records the balances payable, mainly from services received from third parties, such as supply of electric power, reading of hydrometers and delivery of water and sewage bills, cleaning, surveillance and security services, collection, legal counsel services, audit, marketing and advertising and consulting services, among others. This account also records the amounts payable from the percentage in the revenues of São Paulo local government (Note 14 (d) (v)). The balances as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 were R$387,279 and R$318,973, respectively. 22 Equity (a) Authorized Capital The Company is authorized to increase capital by up to R$15,000,000 (R$15,000,000 as of December 31, 2014), based on a Board of Directors' resolution, after submission to the Fiscal Council. In the event of capital increase, issue of convertible debentures and/or warrants by means of private subscription, shareholders will have preemptive right in the proportion of number of shares held, pursuant to Article 171 of Law 6,404/76. (b) Subscribed and paid-in capital Subscribed and paid-in capital is represented by 683,509,869 registered, book-entry common shares without par value as of December 31, 2015 (683,509,869 in December 31, 2014), held as follows: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Number of shares % Number of shares State Department of Finance Companhia Brasileira de Liquidação e Custódia The Bank Of New York ADR Department (equivalent in shares) (*) Other 343,524,285 199,719,739 139,637,913 627,932 50,26% 29,22% 20,43% 0,09% 343,524,285 169,000,272 170,351,902 633,410 % 50.26% 24.73% 24.92% 0.09% 683,509,869 100,00% 683,509,869 100.00% F-98 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (*) Each ADR corresponds to 1 share. (c) Distribution of earnings Shareholders are entitled to a minimum mandatory dividend of 25% of the adjusted net income under Brazilian GAAP, calculated according to the Brazilian corporate law. The dividends do not bear interest and the amounts not claimed within three years from the date of the Shareholders' Meeting that approved them mature in favor of the Company. Profit for the year (-) Legal reserve - 5% 2015 536,279 (26,814) 2014 902,983 (45,149) 2013 1,923,559 (96,178) 509,465 857,834 1,827,381 Minimum mandatory dividend – 25% (R$0.1863, R$0.3138 and R$0.6684 as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively per share and per ADS) 127,366 214,458 456,845 On April 30, 2015, the Shareholders’ General Meeting approved the distribution of dividends as interest on capital amounting to R$252,304, for the 2014 fiscal year. Therefore, the amount of R$37,846 related to the surplus minimum mandatory dividends of 25%, set forth in the Bylaws, recorded in the 2014 equity under “Additional proposed dividends” was transferred to current liabilities. These amounts started being paid in June 2015. The Company proposed dividends as interest on capital in the amount of R$127,366, corresponding to R$0.1863 per common share, net of withholding income tax of R$11,074, to be resolved on the Shareholders’ Meeting to be held on April 29, 2016. The Company declared dividends payable as interest on capital in the amount of R$127,366, which considers the minimum dividend amount set forth in the Bylaws. The amount exceeding the minimum mandatory dividend due in the year of R$22,527 was reclassified into equity to the “Additional proposed dividends” account, this amount includes the withholding income tax of R$11,074. F-99 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Pursuant to CVM Resolution nº 207/1996, the Company imputed interest on capital to the minimum dividend by its net value of withholding income tax. The amount of R$11,074 referring to the withholding income tax was recognized in current liabilities, in order to comply with tax liabilities related to the credit of interest on capital. The interest on capital balance payable as of December 31, 2015, totaling R$127,441, refers to the amount of R$127,366 declared in 2015, net of withholding income tax and R$75 declared in previous years. (d) Capital reserve The capital reserve includes tax incentives and donations received by the company and was fully capitalized in 2014. (e) Legal reserve Earnings reserve - legal reserve is a requirement for all Brazilian corporations and represents accrual of 5% of annual net income determined based on Brazilian law, up to 20% of capital. However, we are not required to make any allocations to our legal reserve in a year in which the legal reserve, when added to our other established capital and earnings reserves, exceeds 30% of our capital stock. The amounts allocated to such reserve may only be used to increase our capital stock or to offset losses and are not available for the payment of dividends. (f) Investments reserve Earnings reserve - investments reserve is specifically formed by the portion corresponding to own funds assigned to the expansion of the water supply and sewage treatment systems, based on capital budget approved by the Management. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the balance of investment reserve totaled R$3,273,580 and R$2,914,008, respectively. Pursuant to Paragraph four of Article 28 of the by-laws, the Board of Directors may propose to the Shareholders’ Meeting that the remaining balance of profit for the year, after deducting the legal reserve and minimum mandatory dividends, be allocated to an investment reserve that will comply with the following criteria: I- its balance, jointly with the balance of the other earnings reserves, except for reserves for contingencies and realizable profits, may not exceed the capitalstock; II- the reserve is intended to guarantee the investment plan and its balance may be used: a) to absorb losses, whenever necessary; b) to distribute dividends, at any moment; F-100 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP c) in share redemption, reimbursement or purchase transactions authorized by law; d) in incorporation to the capital stock. (g) Allocation of profit for the year Profit (+) (-) (-) (-) Profit for the year Legal reserve – 5% Minimum mandatory dividends Additional proposed dividends Investmentreserverecordedin 2015 2015 2014 2013 536,279 26,814 127,366 22,527 359.572 902,983 45,149 214,458 37,846 605,530 1,923,559 96,178 456,845 80,620 1,289,916 The Management will send for approval at the Shareholders’ Meeting, a proposal to transfer the retained earnings balance, in the amount of R$359,572 to the Investment Reserve account, in order to meet the investment needs foreseen in the Capital Budget. (h) Retained earnings Retained earnings (accumulated losses): the statutory balance of this account is zero as all retained earnings must be distributed or allocated to an earnings reserve. (i) Other comprehensive income Gains and losses arising from changes in the actuarial assumptions are accounted for as equity valuation adjustments, net of income tax and social contribution effects. See Note 20 (b), the breakdown of amounts recorded in 2015 and 2014. Balance as of December 31, 2014 Actuarial gains (losses) for the year (Note 20 (b)) Balance as of December 31, 2015 23 Earnings perShare Basic and diluted F-101 G1 G0 Total 4,880 60,590 65,470 (394,628) (24,224) (418,852) (389,748) 36,366 (353,382) Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the equity attributable to Company’s owners by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the year. The Company does not have potentially dilutive common shares outstanding or debts convertible into common shares. Accordingly, basic and diluted earnings per share are equal. 2015 2014 2013 Equity attributable to Company’s owners Weighted average number of common shares issued 536,279 683,509,869 902,983 683,509,869 1,923,559 683,509,869 Basic and diluted earnings per share (reais per share) 0.78 1.32 2.81 24 Business segmentinformation Management, comprised by the Board of Directors and the Board of Executive Officers, has determined the operating segments used to make strategic decisions, as water supply and sewage services. (i) Result Gross operating income Gross sales deductions Net operating income 2015 Water Sewage financial statements financial statements Reconciliation to the Balance as per 5,045,541 3,901,284 3,336,716 12,283,541 (322,562) (249,410) - (571,972) 4,722,979 3,651,874 3,336,716 11,711,569 Costs, selling and administrative expenses (3,462,057) (2,088,065) (3,263,808) (8,813,930) Income from operations before other operating expenses, net and equity accounting 1,260,922 1,563,809 72,908 2,897,639 Other operating income / (expenses), net Equity results Financial result, net Income from operations before taxes 143,755 2,597 (2,456,462) 587,529 Depreciation and amortization 589,066 484,966 - 1,074,032 F-102 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Gross operating income Gross sales deductions Net operating income 2014 Water Sewage financial statements financial statements Reconciliation to the Balance as per 4,896,657 4,008,678 2,918,036 11,823,371 (335,498) (274,657) - (610,155) 4,561,159 3,734,021 2,918,036 11,213,216 Costs, selling and administrative expenses (3,929,755) (2,511,295) (2,855,516) (9,296,566) Income from operations before other operating expenses, net and equity accounting 631,404 1,222,726 62,520 1,916,650 Other operating income / (expenses), net Equity results Financial result, net Income from operations before taxes (3,488) (2,453) (635,866) 1,274,843 Depreciation and amortization 526,876 477,595 - 1,004,471 Gross operating income Gross sales deductions Net operating income 2013 Water Sewage Reconciliation to the financial statements Balance as per financial statements 5,276,056 4,263,965 2,444,735 11,984,756 (370,091) (299,098) - (669,189) 4,905,965 3,964,867 2,444,735 11,315,567 Costs, selling and administrative expenses (3,512,559) (2,275,437) (2,394,487) (8,182,483) Income from operations before other operating expenses, net and equity accounting 1,393,406 1,689,430 50,248 3,133,084 Other operating income (expenses), net Equity results Financial result, net Income from operations before taxes 3,296 2,465 (483,246) 2,655,599 Depreciation and amortization 461,426 409,647 - 871,073 F-103 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Explanation on the reconciliation items for the Financial Statements: the impacts on gross operating income and in costs are as follows: 2015 2014 2013 Gross revenue from construction recognized under IFRIC 12 (a) Construction costs recognized under IFRIC 12 (a) 3,336,716 (3,263,808) 2,918,036 (2,855,516) 2,444,735 (2,394,487) Construction margin 72,908 62,520 50,248 (a) Revenue from concession construction contracts is recognized in accordance with IAS 11, Construction Contracts, using the percentage-of-completion method. See Note 14 (c) and (f). (ii) Intangible F-104 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP Reportable segment’s intangible assets are reconciled to total assets as follows: Intangible asset: Water supply Sewage services Segmentassetsfor reportablesegments Otherintangibleassets Total intangible assets There are no liabilities allocated to the reportable segments. 25 OperatingRevenue (a) Revenue from water and sewage services: Metropolitan region of São Paulo Regional Systems (i) Total (ii) December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 11,811,976 14,253,815 10,289,735 13,492,613 26,065,791 23,782,348 2,447,835 2,197,178 28,513,626 25,979,526 2015 2014 2013 6,021,949 2,924,876 8,946,825 6,235,276 2,670,059 8,905,335 6,984,364 2,555,657 9,540,021 (i) Including the municipalities operated in countryside and at the coast of the State of São Paulo. (ii) The gross operating revenue from water and sewage, totaling R$8,946,825, not including construction revenue, increased by R$41,490, or 0.5%, when compared to the R$8,905,335 recorded in 2014. The main factors responsible for the increase were the 6.5% repositioning tariff index since December 2014, 15.2% tariff adjustment (7.8% ordinary tariff adjustment and 6.9% extraordinary tariff revision) since June 2015 and the application of Contingency Tariff, with a R$499,730 impact in 2015. The increase in gross operating revenue was mitigated by higher bonus granted within the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program, with a R$926,057 impact in 2015, (R$376,414 in 2014) and the decrease of 6.8% in the Company’s total billed volume. F-105 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP In 2014, revenue from water and sewage services decreased by 6.7% as of December 31, 2014 over 2013, due to the Incentive Program for Reduction of Water Consumption (Bonus) and the 2.2% decrease in the Company’s total billed volume. • SABESP’s Incentive Program for Reduction of Water Consumption (Bonus) On October 22, 2014, ARSESP published the Resolution nº 514 which approves the bonus by consumption reduction levels for SABESP’s Incentive Program to Reduce Water Consumption. The bonus by consumption reduction levels during the effectiveness period of the Incentive Program for Reduction of Water Consumption was as follows: (a) Thirty percent (30%) bonus for users whose monthly consumption decreased by at, least, twenty percent (20%) in relation to the average consumption of the period between February 2013 and January 2014. (b) Twenty percent (20%) bonus for users whose monthly consumption exceeds or is equal to fifteen percent (15%) and lower than twenty percent (20%) in relation to the average consumption in the period between February 2013 and January 2014. (c) Ten percent (10%) bonus for users whose monthly consumption exceeds or is equal to ten percent (10%) and lower than fifteen percent (15%) in relation to the average consumption of the period between February 2013 and January 2014. The bonus by consumption reduction levels has been applied to all the municipalities that currently already receive such bonus over the water and sewage collected amounts. Such measure included residential, commercial, industrial and public until December 2015. The bonus for 2015 was R$926,057 (R$376,414 in 2014). In December 2015, Resolution no. 615 was published, authorizing the extension of the validity of SABESP’s Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program to December 31, 2016. The update of the reference consumption to obtain the bonus was also approved. For bills with consumption metered after February 1, 2016, the update of the reference consumption for the calculation of the bonus was authorized applying a factor of zero point seven eight (0.78) to average consumption between February 2013 to January 2014. The other rules and conditions of the Program not amended by this Resolution were maintained, including regarding the scaling of the 10%, 20% and 30% bonus ranges, according to the savings made considering the updated reference consumption. The extension applies to all municipalities currently receiving the bonus, as a result of the abovementioned Program. • Adoption of contingency tariff F-106 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP On January 7, 2015, ARSESP published the Resolution nº 545, through which it authorizes the contingency tariff to the users whose monthly consumption exceeds the average seen in the period between February 2013 and January 2014, as follows: (i) 40% addition over the tariff amount, applicable to the water consumption to exceed until 20% of average; or (ii) 100% addition over the tariff amount, applicable to the water consumption to exceed more than 20% of average. All the users are subject to the contingency tariff, including those with firm demand contracts, except for the following cases: (i) (ii) those with water monthly consumption lower than or equal to 10 m³; and hospitals, first-aid clinics, nursing homes, police stations, prisons, detention facilities and centers of Fundação CASA (social and educational treatment center for adolescents). The contingency tariff was valid for consumption measured as of the publication of Resolution until December 31, 2015, totaling R$499,730 in 2015. In December 2015, ARSESP published Resolution no. 614, which provides for the extension of the validity of ARSESP Resolution no. 545, as well as the criteria, rules and conditions established therein for SABESP to charge the contingency tariff, aiming reducing water consumption due to the severe scarcity of water resources. (b) Reconciliation between gross operating income and net operating income: Revenue from water and sewage services Construction revenue (Note 14 (c)) Sales tax Net revenues Operating Costs and Expenses Operatingcosts Salaries and payroll charges Pension obligations Construction costs (Note 14 (c)) General supplies Treatment supplies Outside services Electricity General expenses Depreciation and amortization Selling expenses Salaries and payroll charges Pension obligations General supplies Outside services Electricity General expenses Depreciationandamortization Allowance for doubtful accounts, net of recoveries (Note 9 (c)) Administrative revenue (expenses) Salaries and payroll charges Pension plan GESP reimbursement – benefits paid (Note 10 (a) (vii)) General supplies Outside services Electricity General expenses Depreciationandamortization 2015 2014 2013 8,946,825 3,336,716 (571,972) 11,711,569 8,905,335 2,918,036 (610,155) 11,213,216 9,540,021 2,444,735 (669,189) 11,315,567 2015 2014 2013 1,503,383 75,247 3,263,808 172,561 269,294 791,156 815,164 369,213 1,000,937 8,260,763 237,848 9,761 3,692 247,687 770 86,064 9,883 2,420 598,125 182,215 185,206 (696,283) 2,340 123,802 1,596 11,467 63,212 1,494,147 47,855 2,855,516 191,723 261,205 856,960 597,454 404,367 926,372 1,348,933 59,237 2,394,487 179,771 240,730 786,515 551,630 444,663 810,297 7,635,599 6,816,263 236,109 6,225 4,549 252,628 579 86,590 10,339 139,589 736,608 180,845 158,114 - 5,861 205,341 1,032 228,737 67,760 215,083 8,470 6,995 208,943 557 82,470 10,721 103,864 637,103 176,845 118,600 - 6,700 116,735 694 183,874 50,055 Taxexpenses Operating costs and expenses Salaries and payroll charges Pension plan GESP reimbursement – benefits paid (Note 10 (a) (vii)) Construction costs (Note 14 (c)) General supplies Treatment supplies Outside services Electricity General expenses Depreciationandamortization Taxexpenses Allowance for doubtful accounts, net of recoveries (Note 9 (c)) 81,487 (44,958) 1,923,446 270,214 (696,283) 3,263,808 178,593 269,294 1,162,645 817,530 466,744 1,074,032 81,487 2,420 8,813,930 76,669 924,359 1,911,101 212,194 - 2,855,516 202,133 261,205 1,314,929 599,065 719,694 1,004,471 76,669 139,589 9,296,566 75,614 729,117 1,740,861 186,307 - 2,394,487 193,466 240,730 1,112,193 552,881 711,007 871,073 75,614 103,864 8,182,483 F-107 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP 27 FinancialIncome (Expenses) Financial expenses Interest and charges on borrowings and financing – local currency (i) Interest and charges on borrowings and financing – foreign currency (ii) Other financial expenses (iii) Income tax over international remittance Inflation adjustment on borrowings and financing (iv) Inflation adjustment on Sabesprev Mais deficit Other inflation adjustments (v) Interest and inflation adjustments on provisions (vi) Total financial expenses Financial income Inflation adjustment gains (vii) Income on short-term investments (viii) Interest income (ix) Cofins and Pasep Other (x) Total financial income 2015 2014 2013 (326,315) (127,352) (149,902) (20,389) (171,735) (1,529) (20,594) (41,916) (859,732) 166,887 170,551 44,358 (7,947) 21,385 395,234 (272,975) (92,180) (104,060) (14,334) (98,309) (1,169) (10,597) (118,669) (712,293) 91,930 202,898 125,757 - 2,147 422,732 (294,729) (84,648) (62,882) (10,662) (72,657) (1,334) (5,731) (70,267) (602,910) 85,245 151,106 149,759 - - 386,110 Financial income (expenses), net before exchange rate changes (464,498) (289,561) (216,800) Net exchange gains (losses) Exchange rate changes on borrowings and financing (xi) Other exchange rate changes Exchange gains Exchange rate changes, net (1,992,019) (345,105) (267,835) (720) 775 (625) (575) (6) 1,395 (1,991,964) (346,305) (266,446) Financial income (expenses), net (2,456,462) (635,866) (483,246) F-108 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (i) Expenses related to local currency-denominated borrowings and financing interest increased in 2015 mainly due to the variation of the floating interest rates that remunerate these contracts. The main variations were in the average CDI rate and in the long-term interest rate (TJLP), of 13.2% and 7.0%, respectively, in 2015 (10.8% and 5.0% in 2014 and 8.0% and 5.0%, respectively, in 2013). The debt balance also increased due to the 19th Debenture Issue in June 2014. (ii) The increase in expenses related to foreign currency-denominated borrowings and financing interest mainly reflect the increased balance of debt due to the appreciation of the US dollar and the yen, of 47.0% and 45.9%, respectively, in 2015 (13.4% appreciation of the US dollar and 0.4% depreciation of the yen, in 2014 and 14.6% appreciation of the US dollar and 5.9% depreciation of the yen, in 2013). (iii) Other financial expenses increased in 2015, especially due to the adjustment of the PPP agreement of Sistema Produtor Alto Tietê – CAB, in the amount of R$13.6 million, present value adjustment of court-ordered debt payments, in the amount of R$10.7 million and the startup of SPE Sanevap São José dos Campos in January 2015, in the amount of R$8.6 million. After the start-up, pursuant to IAS 23, the interest rates appropriated to the payment to SPEs are recognized as financial expense (iv) The inflation adjustments derives from increase in the indexes defined in the loan agreements, such as TR and IPCA, corresponding to 1.8% and 10.7%, respectively, in 2015 (0.9% and 6.4% in 2014 and 0.2% and 5.9% in 2013, respectively). (v) Other inflation adjustments expenses are mainly adjustments to liabilities referring to investment commitments required by private-public partnerships, program contracts which are indexed by IPC/FIPE and IPCA/IBGE of 11.1% and 10.7%, respectively, in 2015 (5.2% and 6.4% in 2014 and 3.9% and 5.9% in 2013, respectively). F-109 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (vi) In 2015, the variation mainly derives from the lower monetary restatement in 2015 due to the revision of the estimate of likelihood of loss of the provisions for risks. In 2014, the variation mainly derives from the update of customers and environmental lawsuits which are adjusted for inflation by the court of justice’s table, considering the consumer price index INPC/IBGE variation which stood at 6.3% in 2014 and 5.6% in 2013. (vii) The variation mainly derives from the monetary restatement of the agreement with the government of the state of São Paulo, entered into in 2015 (Note 10 (a) (vii)), the monetary restatement of the escrow deposits by the INPC/IBGE, which varied 10.9% in 2015, versus 6.3% in 2014 and 5.6% in 2013 and the monetary restatement of agreements paid in installments. (viii) In 2015, the decrease was due to the reduced average balance of financial investments versus 2014. In 2014, the increase in financial investments was due to the Company that kept the amounts invested within a longer term than in 2013, and the market’s higher interest rates which positively impacted the income earned in 2014. (ix) In 2015, the decrease is mainly due to lower recognition of interest on agreements and installment payments. In 2014, the variation is mainly due to interest rates on agreements and installment payments. (x) R$19 million increase in other revenue, R$14 million of which from the appreciation of the 2,221,000 CTEEP shares transferred to SABESP as part of the payment agreed with the state government; and R$5 million from the receipt of dividends related to these shares. (xi) Higher expenses mainly reflect the increase in the debt balance due to the US dollar and the Yen appreciation, of 47.0% and 45.9%, respectively, in 2015 (13.4% of US dollar and 0.4% depreciation of the Yen in 2014 and 14.6% of US dollar and 5.9% depreciation of the Yen in 2013). OtherOperatingIncome(expenses),net Other operating income, net (i) Other operating expenses (ii) Other operating income (expenses) 2015 2014 2013 190,840 (47,085) 109,329 (112,817) 57,382 (54,086) 143,755 (3,488) 3,296 Other operating income is comprised by sale of property, plant and equipment, sale of contracts awarded in public bids, right to sell electricity, indemnities and reimbursement of expenses, fines and collaterals, property leases, reuse water, PURA projects and services. F-110 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP (i) Other operating income increased by R$81.5 million in 2015, mainly due to sale of properties, in the amount of R$48 million and higher amounts received from the Hydrographic Basin Depollution Program, in the amount of R$41 million. Other operating expenses consist mainly of derecognition of concessions due to obsolescence, discontinued construction works, unproductive wells, projects considered economically unfeasible, losses on property,plantandequipment and exceeding cost of electricity sold. (ii) Other operating expenses decreased by R$65.7 million in 2015, mainly due to higher provision for the write-off of works, projects and obsolete assets in 2014, totaling R$58.8 million. 29 Commitments The Company has agreements to manage and maintain its activities, as well as agreements to build new projects aiming at achieving the objectives proposed in its target plan. Below, the main committed amounts as of December 31, 2015 are as follows: 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years Total Contractual obligations - Expenses Contractual obligations - Investments Total 1,337,822 1,955,717 3,293,539 921,402 2,208,859 3,130,261 238,360 1,130,238 1,368,598 1,345,403 6,295,689 7,641,092 3,842,987 11,590,503 15,433,490 The main commitment refers to São Lourenço PPP. See Note 14 (h). 30 Supplemental cashflow information Total additions to intangible assets as (Note 14 (b)) 3,604,442 3,236,781 2,750,319 Items not affecting cash (see breakdown below) (1,207,090) (577,924) (445,288) Total additions to intangible assets as per statement of cash flows 2,397,352 2,658,857 2,305,031 2015 2014 2013 Investments and financing operations affecting intangible assets but not cash: Interest capitalized in the year (Note 14 (e)) Contractors payable Program contract commitments Public Private Partnership – São Lourenço PPP (Note 14 (h)) Leases Construction margin (Notes 14 (f) and 24) Other Total F-111 466,544 (57,041) 136,543 548,978 36,877 72,908 2,281 1,207,090 278,265 48,547 62,250 22,245 104,097 62,520 - 577,924 205,012 (4,887) 28,197 - 166,718 50,248 - 445,288 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP 31 Events after the reportingperiod • Santa Isabel Since January 4, 2016, SABESP has become responsible for providing sanitation services in Santa Isabel, a municipality with more than 50,000 inhabitants. The agreement, signed on August 5, 2015, is valid for 30 years. • Authorization to increase the water outflow limit in the Cantareira System The Water National Agency– ANA and DAEE, authorized, since February 2016, the increase in the water outflow in the Cantareira System, from 13.5 m³/s in October 2015 to 23 m³/s. • Memorandum of understanding with the municipalities of Guarulhos and Mauá In January 2016, the Company entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the municipalities of Guarulhos and Mauá, in order to prepare studies and evaluations to govern commercial relations and debts between the municipalities and the Company. • Extraordinary partial amortization of the 19th Debenture Issue On March 30, 2016, the Company will partially amortize the outstanding debentures of the 19th Issue upon payment of 60% of the Nominal Unit Value of the Debentures, totaling R$300,000, plus remuneration, pro rata temporis, from the last date of payment of remuneration and other charges due and unpaid, to March 30, 2016, without any increase received as premium. The payment of the extraordinary partial amortization will include all outstanding debentures, proportionally, using the procedures adopted by CETIP S.A. - Mercados Organizados ("CETIP"), for debentures electronically deposited at the CETIP, or the procedures to be indicated by Itaú Unibanco S.A., as bookkeeper, for the debentures not deposited electronically at the CETIP. F-112 Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - SABESP • Request to cancel the Bonus and the Contingency Tariff On March 24, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to request with ARSESP the cancellation, based on consumption metered after May 1, 2016, of the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program by means of a Bonus in Water and Sewage Bills – Bonus, as well as the Contingency Tariff levied on water bills. On the same date, the Company filed this request with ARSESP. • Authorization to cancel the Bonus and the Contingency Tariff On March 31, 2016, ARSESP published the following Resolutions: Resolution nº 640 authorizing the cancellation, starting from consumption readings beginning on May 1, 2016 of the Contingency Tariff, applied to the water bill; and Resolution nº 641 authorizing the cancellation, starting from consumption readings beginning on May 1, 2016, of the Water Consumption Reduction Incentive Program, which granted a discount bonus to the water and sewage bill – Bonus. • Tariff adjustment On April 11, 2016 the São Paulo State Energy and Sanitation Regulatory Agency (ARSESP) published ARSESP Resolution 643, authorizing SABESP to apply an 8.4478% tariff adjustment index in relation to current tariffs, as of May 12, 2016. • CTEEP On April 20, 2016 the Company sold the 2,221,000 preferred shares issued by the São Paulo Company of Electric Power Transmission (Companhia de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica Paulista – CTEEP), totaling R$111.1 million, based on the share closing price on that date. • General Shareholders Meeting On April 29, 2016 it was held the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. F-113 CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 12.1 I, Jerson Kelman, certify that: 1. 2. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - Sabesp; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have: a) b) c) d) designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on evaluation; and disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting. 5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and to the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): a) b) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: May 11, 2016 By: /s/ Jerson Kelman Name: Jerson Kelman Title: Chief Executive Officer EXHIBIT 12.2 I, Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso, certify that: CERTIFICATION 1. 2. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo - Sabesp; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have: a) b) c) d) designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on evaluation; and disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting. 5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and to the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): a) b) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: May 11, 2016 By: /s/ Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso Name: Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso Title: Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE U.S. SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 EXHIBIT 13.1 In connection with the Annual Report of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo – Sabesp (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jerson Kelman, Chief Executive Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the U.S. Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge: (i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: May 11, 2016 By: /s/Jerson Kelman Name: Jerson Kelman Title: Chief Executive Officer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE U.S. SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 EXHIBIT 13.2 In connection with the Annual Report of Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo – Sabesp (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso, Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the U.S. Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge: (i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: May 11, 2016 By: /s/ Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso Name: Rui de Britto Álvares Affonso Title: Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer
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