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Users may be asked to allow Java to run to view this document. c o r t l a n d b a n c o r p a n n u a l r e p o r t 2 0 0 9 CONTENTS President’s Letter to Shareholders 2 Brief Description of the Business 4 Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 5 Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms 6 Consolidated Balance Sheets 7 Consolidated Statements of Income 8 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity 9 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 10 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 11 Selected Financial Data 43 Five Year Summary Average Balance Sheet, Yields and Rates 44 Management’s Discussion and Analysis 46 Information as to Stock Prices and Dividends of Cortland Bancorp 81 Cortland Bancorp Directors and Officers 82 Cortland Savings & Banking Directors and Officers 83 Offices and Locations 84 PRESIDENT’S LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS To Our Shareholders: accounting became more 2009 was a year of challenge and change for our Company. The most notable challenges to our operations and to the quality of earnings arose from external factors. External fac- tors relate primarily to the environment in which our business operates, and pertain to conditions that are substantially beyond our control. First, the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor- poration (FDIC) dramatically raised assessment charges that banks must pay to fund the FDIC, which has been hard hit by the more than 160 bank failures throughout the country in 2008 and 2009. The additional assessments resulted in a charge to our Company’s expense of $962 thousand, an increase of more than $900 thousand from FDIC assessment expense totals recorded in each of the previous two years. Developments in the credit markets also had a material impact on earnings for 2009. Specifically, as the credit crisis devel- oped which began with deteriorating performance of securities exposed to subprime residential mortgages, investors became less willing to buy a range of structured credit products. The result was a massive spread-widening across a range of credit instruments including the Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) issues held by Cortland Banks. As the market for CDO’s effectively disappeared, valuation of the credit instru- ments in accordance with “Fair Value Measurement and Dis- closures” challenging. The Company, which previously relied on quoted prices available in the open market, had to change valuation techniques for these CDO instruments and had to estimate fair value based on a discounted cash flow methodology using appropriately adjusted discount rates reflecting nonperforming and liquidity risks. As a result, the Company recorded quarterly impairment charges for each of the first three quarterly periods and by year end had recorded pre-tax impairment losses of $14.5 million on these CDO issues for the year. Soon after reporting the first quarter results of operation, which included the initial impairment charge on the CDO issues, we revised our annual earnings forecast, based on our assessment that additional impairment would most likely be recognized on the CDO issues over the remainder of the year and to provide for additional special assessment expenses (as were being considered by the FDIC at the time). As we reviewed the revised earnings forecast, we took note of the projected earnings erosion and the estimated impact to capital and to the capital adequacy ratios. Fueled by a regulatory directive to take actions necessary to manage capital within well capitalized regulatory guidelines, we began to initiate important measures as part of an overall plan of corrective action. By mid-year, we had completed a focused review of banking operations and had completed the initial draft of a three year Strategic Plan, the mission of which is simply stated to be, “to restore the Company to a position of strength and profit- ability”. In addition to specific initiatives aimed at improving efficiencies and generating additional profits, a detailed Investment Plan was prepared to improve the risk exposures within the Company’s investment portfolio as was a Capital Plan outlining initiatives to maintain a satisfactory capital position. With the newly adopted Strategic Plan, Investment Plan and Capital Plan ( the “plans” ) in place, plan initiatives were transforming into plan results. Earnings forecast updates and 2 regulatory capital calculations were starting to reflect mod- erate improvement and with each passing day, we became increasingly optimistic that, perhaps the worst was behind us. Our optimism was briefly suppressed when then President and Chief Executive Officer Lawrence Fantauzzi announced that, effective October 2, 2009 he was retiring as an Officer and Director of the Company and The Bank. The Board of Direc- tors acted quickly to fill the vacancy left by Mr. Fantauzzi, appointing retired President Rodger Platt as interim president, while elevating the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer into expanded leadership positions with emphasis on carrying out additional organization restruc- turing plans and providing oversight to the recently enacted Strategic Plan, Investment Plan and Capital Plan. The Board of Directors serving as a search committee, soon undertook steps to hire a new President and Chief Executive Officer. Search efforts were completed by the end of October and on November 2, 2009, the Company’s new leadership was named. With the announcement of a new President and a new Exec- utive Vice President, Rodger Platt completed his term as interim President. Sadly, only a few months removed from his most recent term as interim President, Rodger unexpect- edly passed away. Rodger left us, sooner than anyone expected — but in his final days leading the Company he was optimistic that this “old girl”, as he often referred to the bank, was poised to return to profitability, again emerging as a safe and sound community financial institution. As the new Company President, I too am optimistic about our Company’s future, and in this, my initial address to the Shareholders, I share with you some insight on the financial stability of our Company and on our leadership team which I am excited to be a part of. ASSET QUALITY — LOANS Regionally, the housing market continues to be negatively impacted by high levels of bankruptcy filings and home foreclosures, while unemployment levels remain in the double digits. Despite the market conditions, to date, the Company’s loan portfolio has not experienced any notable deterioration in credit quality. The balance of impaired loans was $1.3 million at December 31, 2009 as compared to $1.0 million at December 31, 2008, and are primarily comprised of collat- eral-dependent commercial loans. The ratio of non-accrual loans to total loans, which was 0.35% and 0.50% at year end 2008 and 2009 respectively are substantially lower than the 1.83% and 2.91% for banks within our peer group for the same year end periods. Loan charge offs, net of recoveries, decreased from $936,000 in 2008 to $460,000 for 2009. The ratio of net charge offs to loans, over the annual period, improved from 0.38% during 2008 to 0.19% during 2009. For the year ended December 31, 2009, provisions for loan loss were $427,000 as compared to loan loss provisions of $1,785,000 for 2008. The allowance for loan loss to total loan ratio was 0.98% at year end 2009 and 1.0% at year end 2008, remaining relatively unchanged. During this same period, the allowance for loan loss to total loan ratio for banks within our peer group increased from 1.43% to 1.82%. We attribute our strong loan quality to fundamentally sound risk management practices, comprehensive credit underwrit- ing practices and a philosophy of lending on the basis of quality versus quantity. As we continue to look for opportu- nities to grow our loan portfolio and to lend to consumers and businesses in our community, we will do so with a continued focus on credit quality. CAPITAL As a result of the decline in the quality of the trust preferred CDO securities, the Company is required to maintain higher levels of regulatory risk based capital for these securities due to the greater perceived risk of default by the underlying bank and insurance company issuers. Specifically, regulatory guid- ance requires the Company to apply a higher “risk weighting formula” for these securities to calculate its regulatory capital ratios. Despite these stringent capital rules and the impairment expense recognized through year end, the Company remains well capitalized under all regulatory risk based capital measures. At December 31, 2009, the Company’s Tier 1 leverage ratio was 9.09%, while the Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and total risk based capital ratios were 12.54% and 13.22% respec- tively. The “well capitalized” regulatory thresholds are 5.0% (leverage capital), 6.0% (Tier 1 capital) and 10.0% (total risk- based capital). In monetary measures, the Company’s total risk-based capital exceeds the required threshold by more than $11.0 million. As regulatory bodies stress to us and to banks across the country the need to strengthen capital in order to raise their resilience to current economic and financial stress, our Com- pany looks to improve the level of core earnings and bolster capital. Until that time, cash and stock dividends will remain suspended. The Board, however, remains firmly committed to the principle that dividends are an essential means of returning value to shareholders, and as such will be poised to reinstitute dividends as soon as reasonably practical. EFFICIENCY The efficiency ratio, a ratio that is typically applied to banks, is defined as expenses as a percentage of revenue. At Decem- ber 31, 2009 the efficiency ratio for the Company’s operating subsidiary measured 75.10% while the five year average efficiency ratio measures approximately 66.4%. Based on peer performance analysis, an efficiency ratio below 70% is characteristic of a moderate to strong performing institution. FDIC premium assessments, which as noted, increased by more than $900,000 from the previous year end, resulted in higher expenses and a slightly higher efficiency ratio than in previous years. The efficiency ratio however remains in line with the average efficiency ratio of banks within the defined peer group reported in our uniform bank performance report, measuring 70.90% at December 31, 2009 and an average of 63.90% over the five year period 2005-2009. Although FDIC premiums are expected to increase to as much as $1.1 million for 2010, the Company expects that this increase will be offset by anticipated expense reductions in other areas resulting in an efficiency ratio comparable to that recorded in 2009, thus maintaining an efficiency ratio char- acteristic for a moderate to strong performing institution. CORE EARNINGS Core earnings, which exclude the other-than-temporary impairment charges and other non-recurring items such as the FDIC special assessment paid in 2009, were $3.463 million as compared to $3.179 million in 2008. Core earnings, in fact, have exceeded $3.0 million in each of the last five years representing a return on average assets of 0.8% over this period of time. Specific initiatives involving repayment of borrowed funds, improved staff efficiencies, and restructuring of the management leadership team are being carried out under the Strategic Plan to reduce interest expenses, provide additional net interest margin, improve operational efficiencies and generate additional core profits. Since there is a continued risk that future valuations of the individual trust preferred securities could result in recognition of additional impairment charges, our efforts to improve core earnings will help to ensure that the Company can overcome additional impairment recognition charges if necessary, while providing sufficient returns from core operations to build capital reserves and maintain appropriate “well capitalized” risk based capital ratios. As we start the 2010 calendar year, our Board realizes upcom- ing challenges are great. None-the-less, we see a Company that is fundamentally sound and which has great opportunity to return to profitability. A transformation of our management team, which began with the announcement of a new President and new Executive Vice President, was completed recently with the appointment of a new Chief Financial Officer and new Chief Lending Officer. The newest additions to the management team bring considerable financial, lending and risk management experience. In addition, the Company has hired a new risk officer who will oversee key aspects of the risk management function. I can assure you that this management team with guidance from an active, engaged and committed board is poised to lead our company through one of the more challenging periods in the Company’s history and return Cortland Banks to prosperity and profitability. I conclude this address to the shareholders, by asking you to join our Board of Directors, management and employees in recognizing the contributions of our outgoing director and board chairman, K. Ray Mahan. Ray has served as a director of our Company for 34 years and has been instrumental in providing direction and leadership to all of us at the Company. His commitment to maintaining Cortland Banks as an inde- pendent community bank is greatly appreciated. Ray, we thank you. Finally, I want to express my appreciation to you, our Shareholders, for the support you have provided to us as we managed through one of the more difficult times in our 118 year history, and ask for your continued support and loyalty in 2010. Jim Gasior President and Chief Executive Officer 3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS CORTLAND BANCORP Cortland Bancorp (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio in 1984, as a one bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. The principal activity of the Company is to own, manage and supervise the Cortland Savings and Banking Company (“Cortland Banks” or the “Bank”). The Company owns all of the outstanding shares of the Bank. The Company is subject to supervision and regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”). As of December 31, 2009, the Company’s bank subsidiary was rated “satisfactory” for CRA purposes, and remained well capitalized and, in management’s opinion, well managed. Cortland Bancorp owns no property. Operations are conducted at 194 West Main Street, Cortland, Ohio. The Company has been, until recently, entitled to engage in the expanded range of activities in which a financial hold- ing company, as defined in Federal Reserve Board rules, may engage. However, the Company had not taken advan- tage of that expanded authority and has elected to rescind its financial holding company status. The Company is now entitled to engage in the activities deemed permissible to a bank holding company, as defined by Federal Reserve Board rules and the applicable laws of the United States. The business of the Company and the Bank is not seasonal to any significant extent and is not dependent on any single customer or group of customers. The Company operates as a single line of business. in Mahoning County, Ohio and one in Middlefield which is in Geauga County, Ohio. Cortland Bank’s main office (as described in its charter) is located at 194 West Main Street, Cortland, Ohio. Admin- istrative offices are located at the main office. The Hub- bard, Niles Park Plaza, Victor Hills and Middlefield offices are leased, while all of the other offices are owned by Cortland Banks. The Bank, as a state chartered banking organization and member of the Federal Reserve System, is subject to periodic examination and regulation by both the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and the State of Ohio Division of Financial Institutions. These examinations, which include such areas as capital, liquidity, asset quality, management practices and other aspects of the Bank’s operations, are primarily for the protection of the Bank’s depositors. In addition to these regular examinations, the Bank must furnish periodic reports to regulatory authorities containing a full and accurate state- ment of its affairs. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The Bank along with the Company elected to participate in the FDIC’s Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLG Program). The TLG Program consists of two components: a temporary guarantee of newly issued senior unsecured debt (the Debt Guarantee Program) and a temporary unlimited guarantee of funds in non-interest bearing transaction accounts (the Trans- action Guarantee Program). The TLG Program, announced by the FDIC on October 14, 2008, is intended to strengthen confidence and facilitate liquidity in the banking system. The Debt Guarantee Program expired on October 31, 2009. NEW RESOURCES LEASING COMPANY COMPETITION New Resources Leasing Company was formed in Decem- ber 1988 as a separate entity to handle the function of commercial and consumer leasing. The wholly owned subsidiary has been inactive since incorporation. THE CORTLAND SAVINGS AND BANKING COMPANY The Cortland Savings and Banking Company is a full ser- vice state chartered bank engaged in commercial and retail banking. The Bank’s services include checking accounts, savings accounts, time deposit accounts, commercial, mort- gage and installment loans, night depository, automated teller services, safe deposit boxes and other miscellaneous services normally offered by commercial banks. Cortland Banks also offers a variety of Internet Banking products. Business is conducted at a total of fourteen offices, eight of which are located in Trumbull County, Ohio. Two offices are located in the communities of Windham and Mantua, in Portage County, Ohio. One office is located in the com- munity of Williamsfield, Ashtabula County, Ohio; two are located in the communities of Boardman and North Lima Cortland Banks actively competes with state and national banks located in Northeast Ohio and Western Pennsylva- nia. It also competes for deposits, loans and other service business with a large number of other financial institutions, such as savings and loan associations, credit unions, insur- ance companies, consumer finance companies and com- mercial finance companies. Also, money market mutual funds, brokerage houses and similar institutions provide in a relatively unregulated environment many of the financial services offered by banks. In the opinion of management, the principal methods of competition are the rates of interest charged on loans, the rates of interest paid on deposit funds, the fees charged for services, and the con- venience, availability, timeliness and quality of the cus- tomer services offered. EMPLOYEES As of December 31, 2009, the Company through Cortland Banks, employed 137 full-time and 25 part-time employ- ees. The Company provides its employees with a full range of benefit plans, and considers its relations with its employ- ees to be satisfactory. 4 MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING as over defined financial reporting Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal con- in trol Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external pur- poses in accordance with generally accepted account- ing principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compli- ance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. A material weakness is a significant deficiency (as defined in Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard No. 2), or a combination of significant deficiencies, that results in there being more than a remote likelihood that a material mis- statement of the annual or interim financial state- ments will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by management or employees in the normal course of performing their assigned functions. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Com- pany’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009. In making this assessment, man- agement used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Com- mission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2009, the Compa- ny’s internal control over financial reporting was effective. This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial report- ing. Management’s report was not subject to attesta- tion by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report. James M. Gasior President and Chief Executive Officer Cortland, Ohio March 29, 2010 David J. Lucido Chief Financial Officer 5 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM REPORT OF PACKER THOMAS INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Shareholders Cortland Bancorp The Shareholders and Board of Directors Cortland Bancorp We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007. These consolidated financial state- ment are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consol- idated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audit in accordance with the auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and to obtain reasonable assurance about perform the audit whether the financial statements are free of material misstate- ment. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial state- ments. An audit also includes assessing the accounting prin- ciples used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects of their oper- ations for the year ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. PACKER THOMAS Youngstown, Ohio February 29, 2008 We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Cortland Bancorp (the “Company”) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consol- idated statements of income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s man- agement. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. The financial statements of Cortland Bancorp and subsidiar- ies for the year ended December 31, 2007, were audited by other auditors whose report, dated February 29, 2008, expressed an unqualified opinion on those statements. We conducted our audits in accordance with the stan- dards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of mate- rial misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Cortland Bancorp and subsid- iaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial the Company statements, effective January 1, 2008, adopted Emerging Issues Task Force No. 06-4, Account- ing for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Ben- efit Aspects of Endorsement Split Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements. This guidance was subsequently codified into Financial Accounting Standards Board ASC Topic 715-60, Compensation — Retirement Benefits. We were not engaged to examine management’s asser- tion about the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion thereon. S.R. Snodgrass A.C. Wexford, Pennsylvania March 29, 2010 6 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS As of December 31, 2009 and 2008 (Amounts in thousands except per share data) 2009 2008 ASSETS Cash and due from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Interest-bearing deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total cash and cash equivalents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,212 36,611 44,823 Investment securities available for sale (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,273 Investment securities held to maturity (estimated fair value of $31,490 in 2009 and $71,210 in 2008) (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,651 Total loans (Note 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,248 (2,437) Less allowance for loan losses (Note 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245,811 7,127 13,211 14,403 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $497,299 Premises and equipment (Note 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bank owned life insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIABILITIES Noninterest-bearing deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 60,173 Interest-bearing deposits (Note 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327,322 Total deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387,495 56,500 6,866 5,155 4,375 Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460,391 Federal Home Loan Bank advances (Note 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subordinated debt (Note 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 9 and 17) $ 8,394 18,449 26,843 121,348 70,406 246,017 (2,470) 243,547 7,571 12,748 10,902 $493,365 $ 58,635 321,318 379,953 62,500 5,648 5,155 4,081 457,337 SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common stock - $5.00 stated value - authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued 4,728,267 shares in 2009 and 2008; outstanding shares, 4,525,551 in 2009 and 4,497,467 in 2008 (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional paid-in capital (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasury stock, at cost, 202,716 shares in 2009 and 230,800 shares in 2008 23,641 20,850 142 (4,131) 23,641 21,078 6,480 (11,078) (Note 18) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total shareholders’ equity (Note 16) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3,594) 36,908 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $497,299 (4,093) 36,028 $493,365 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 7 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 (Amounts in thousands except per share data) Interest income Interest and fees on loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 15,147 Interest and dividends on investment securities: $15,481 $15,784 2009 2008 2007 Taxable interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nontaxable interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other short-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FHLB advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subordinated debt Total interest expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for loan losses (Note 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net interest income after provision for loan losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income Fees for customer services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment securities gains - net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment losses on investment securities: Impairment losses on investment securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non credit-related losses on securities and not expected to be sold recognized in other comprehensive income before tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net impairment losses on investment securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain on sale of loans - net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other real estate gains (losses) - net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Earnings on bank owned life insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other non-interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other expenses 7,434 Salaries and employee benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,849 Net occupancy and equipment expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 State and local taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962 FDIC expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Office supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Bank exam and audit expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Marketing expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,978 Other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,648 Total other expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10,490) Income (loss) before federal income tax (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4,155) Federal income tax expense (benefit) (Note 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (6,335) 6,789 1,356 176 155 23,623 6,294 9 2,804 127 9,234 14,389 427 13,962 2,298 432 10,154 1,530 194 200 27,559 8,816 105 3,012 244 12,177 15,382 1,785 13,597 2,314 139 10,796 1,811 235 366 28,992 10,456 272 3,103 154 13,985 15,007 40 14,967 2,307 77 (18,904) (1,251) — 4,402 (14,502) 265 15 553 135 (10,804) — (1,251) 30 43 537 47 1,859 7,156 1,957 552 51 368 460 345 1,926 12,815 2,641 288 $ 2,353 — — 88 (1) 521 97 3,089 7,199 1,871 580 42 396 443 256 1,808 12,595 5,461 1,111 $ 4,350 Earnings (loss) per share, both basic and diluted (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (1.40) $ 0.52 $ 0.95 Cash dividends declared per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ 0.86 $ 0.85 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 8 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 (Amounts in thousands except per share data) Balance at December 31, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comprehensive Income: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive income, net of tax: Unrealized gains on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common Stock Transactions: Treasury shares reissued - 53,670 shares . . . . . . . . . Treasury shares purchased - 205,986 shares. . . . . . . Cash dividends declared ($0.85 per share) . . . . . . . 1% stock dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cumulative effect of adjustment from adoption of ASC Topic 715-60, Compensation-retirement benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance after cumulative effect of adjustment . . . . . Comprehensive loss: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive losses, net of tax (benefit) Unrealized losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive loss related to securities for which other than temporary impairment has been recognized in earnings net of tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common Stock Transactions: Treasury shares reissued - 71,562 shares . . . . . . . . . Treasury shares purchased - 51,817 shares . . . . . . . Cash dividends declared ($0.86 per share) . . . . . . . Stock dividends - Note 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comprehensive income: Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive income, net of tax: Unrealized losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive loss related to securities for which other than temporary impairment has been recognized in earnings net of tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common Stock Transactions: Treasury shares reissued - 28,172 shares . . . . . . . . . Treasury shares purchased - 88 shares . . . . . . . . . . Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Treasury Stock Total Share- holders Equity $22,972 $20,835 $ 9,553 $ (455) $(2,313) $ 50,592 4,350 (3,895) (618) (4) 9,386 (539) 8,847 2,353 (3,874) (843) (3) 6,480 (6,335) (249) 228 390 23,200 20,976 23,200 20,976 (300) 441 402 23,641 21,078 361 1,195 (3,526) (94) (4,644) (94) (4,644) 4,350 361 4,711 946 (3,526) (3,895) (4) 48,824 (539) 48,285 2,353 (11,810) (11,810) 826 1,298 (747) (11,078) (4,093) (2,624) 9,571 826 (8,631) 998 (747) (3,874) (3) 36,028 (6,335) (2,624) 9,571 612 (228) $23,641 $20,850 $ (3) 142 $ (4,131) 500 (1) 272 (1) (3) $(3,594) $ 36,908 COMPONENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) 2009 2008 2007 Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities arising during the period, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(2,339) (285) Reclassification adjustment for net gains realized in net income, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reclassification adjustment for other than temporary impairment losses on debt securities, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,571 826 $(11,718) (92) $412 (51) Net unrealized gains (losses) on available- for-sale securities, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6,947 $(10,984) $361 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 9 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 (Amounts in thousands) 2009 2008 2007 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (6,335) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: $ 2,353 $ 4,350 Depreciation, amortization and accretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for loan loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment securities gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gains on sales of loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on the sale or disposal of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other real estate (gains) losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans originated for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of loans originated for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Earnings on bank owned life insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in: Interest and fees receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid FDIC assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets and liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash flows from operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of securities available for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of securities held to maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from call, maturity and principal payments on securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net increase in loans made to customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from disposition of other real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of premises and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 427 (5,016) (432) 14,502 (265) (15) (15,054) 15,555 (553) 525 (246) (2,915) 834 1,820 (49,422) (2,040) 3,734 63,872 (3,277) 487 (222) Net cash flows from investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,132 Cash flows from financing activities Net increase in deposit accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pay down of Federal Home Loan Bank advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net increase (decrease) in other short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from subordinated debt issuance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of treasury stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasury shares reissued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,542 (6,000) 1,218 (3) (1) 272 Net cash flows from financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,028 Net change in cash and cash equivalents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,980 Cash and cash equivalents 758 1,785 (507) (139) 1,251 (30) 68 (43) (2,277) 2,071 (537) 461 (313) 396 5,297 (30,518) (11,908) 71,463 (24,615) 523 (2,114) 2,831 15,165 10,000 (11,500) (765) (3,877) (747) 998 9,274 17,402 775 40 189 (77) (88) 4 1 (6,199) 6,396 (521) (59) 174 24 5,009 (13,502) (36,283) 44,692 (18,922) 34 (2,006) (25,987) 8,970 29,500 (20,500) (602) 5,155 (3,899) (3,526) 946 16,044 (4,934) Beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,843 9,441 14,375 End of year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 44,823 $ 26,843 $ 9,441 Supplemental disclosures: Cash paid during the period for: Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 810 Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $9,475 Transfer of loans to OREO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 350 $ 910 $12,490 $ 1,007 $ 950 $13,810 282 $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 10 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The accounting and reporting policies of Cortland Bancorp, and its bank subsidiary, Cortland Savings and Banking Company, reflect banking industry practices and conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. A summary of the significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements is set forth below. The Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 105 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles became effective on July 1, 2009. At that date, the ASC became FASB’s officially recognized source of authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) applicable to all public and non-public non-governmental entities, superseding existing FASB, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) and related literature. Rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the authority of federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. All other accounting literature is considered non-authoritative. The conversion to the ASC affects the way companies refer to U.S. GAAP in financial statements and accounting policies. Citing particular content in the ASC involves specifying the unique numeric path to the content through the Topic, Subtopic, Section and Paragraph structure. Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cortland Bancorp (the Company) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Cortland Savings and Banking Company (the Bank) and New Resources Leasing Co. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Industry Segment Information: The Company and its subsidiaries operate in the domestic banking industry which accounts for substantially all of the Company’s assets, revenues and operating income. The Company, through its subsidiary bank, grants residential, consumer, and commercial loans and offers a variety of saving plans to customers located primarily in the Northeastern Ohio and Western Pennsylvania area. ASC Topic 280 Segment Reporting requires that an enterprise report selected information about operating segments in its financial reports issued to its shareholders. Based on the analysis performed by the Company, management has determined that the Company only has one operating segment, which is commercial banking. The chief operating decision-makers use consolidated results to make operating and strategic decisions, and therefore, are not required to disclose any additional segment information. Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash Flow: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are sold and purchased for one-day periods. The Company reports net cash flows for customer loan transactions, deposit transactions and deposits made with other financial institutions. Investment Securities: Investments in debt and equity securities are classified as held to maturity, trading or available for sale. Securities classified as held to maturity are those that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Securities classified as available for sale are those that could be sold for liquidity, investment management, or similar reasons, even though management has no present intentions to do so. Securities held to maturity are stated at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, with such amortization or accretion included in interest income. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of tax (Continued) 11 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) effects. Realized gains or losses on dispositions are based on net proceeds and the adjusted carrying amount of securities sold, using the specific identification method. Interest on securities is accrued and credited to operations based on the principal balance outstanding, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Unrealized losses on investments have not been recognized into income. Management has considered whether the present value of cash flow expected to be collected are less than the security’s amortized cost basis (the difference defined as the credit loss), the magnitude and duration of the decline, the reasons underlying the decline and the Company’s intent to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in market value, to determine whether the loss in value is other-than-temporary. Other-than-Temporary Investment Security Impairment (OTTI): Securities are evaluated periodically to deter- mine whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary. Management utilizes criteria such as the magnitude and duration of the decline, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other-than-temporary. The term “other-than-temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospect for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, the credit related OTTI is recognized in earnings while the non-credit related OTTI on securities not expected to be sold is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Loans: Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding net of the unamortized balance of deferred loan origination fees and costs. Deferred loan origination fees and costs are amortized as an adjustment to the related loan yield over the contractual life using the level yield method. Interest income on loans is accrued over the term of the loans based on the amount of principal outstanding. The accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan when management determines that the collection of interest is doubtful. Generally a loan is placed on nonaccrual status once the borrower is 90 days past due on payments, or whenever sufficient information is received to question the collectability of the loan or any time legal proceedings are initiated involving a loan. Interest income accrued up to the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual is reversed through interest income. Cash payments received while a loan is classified as nonaccrual are recorded as a reduction to principal or reported as interest income according to management’s judgment as to the collectibility of principal. A loan is returned to accrual status when either all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are, in manage- ment’s judgment, collectable, or when it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is charged-off, any interest accrued but not collected on the loan is charged against earnings. Loans Held for Sale: The Company originates certain residential mortgage loans for sale in the secondary mortgage loan market. For the majority of loan sales, the Company concurrently sells the rights to service the related loans. In addition, the Company may periodically identify other loans which may be sold. These loans are classified as loans held for sale, and carried, in the aggregate, at the lower of cost or estimated fair value based on secondary market prices. To mitigate interest rate risk, the Company may obtain fixed commitments to sell such loans at the time loans are originated or identified as being held for sale. Such a commitment would be referred to as a derivative loan commitment if the loan that will result from exercise of the commitment will be held for sale upon funding. There were no loans held for sale at December 31, 2009 and $236,000 held for sale at December 31, 2008. (Continued) 12 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Allowance for Loan Losses (ALLL) and Allowance for Losses on Lending Related Commitments: Because some loans may not be repaid in full, an allowance for loan losses is recorded. Increases to the allowance consist of provisions for loan losses charged to expense and recoveries of previously charged-off loans. Reductions to the allowance result from the charge-off of loans deemed uncollectable by management. After a loan is charged-off, collection efforts continue and future recoveries may occur. A loan is considered impaired when it appears probable that all principal and interest amounts will not be collected according to the loan contract. Impaired loans are generally classified as nonaccrual loans and therefore follow the income recognition policy for non-accrual loans. Allowances for loan losses on impaired loans are determined using the estimated future cash flows of the loan, discounted to their present value using the loan’s effective interest rate. Allowances for loan losses for impaired loans that are collateral dependent are generally determined based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral. Smaller balance homogeneous loans are evaluated for impairment in the aggregate. Such loans include one-to-four family residential, home equity and consumer loans. Commercial loans and commercial mortgage loans are evaluated individually for impair- ment if they are over $50,000 or in litigation. Estimating the risk of loss and the amount of loss on any loan is necessarily subjective. Accordingly, the allowance is maintained by management at a level considered adequate to cover possible losses that are currently anticipated. Estimates of credit losses should reflect consideration of all significant factors that affect collect- ability of the portfolio. While historical loss experience provides a reasonable starting point, historical losses, or even recent trends in losses are not, by themselves, a sufficient basis to determine the appropriate level for the ALLL. Management will also consider any factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the Bank’s current portfolio to differ from historical loss experience. These factors include but are not limited to changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-offs, and recovery practices; changes in economic trends; changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio; changes in the experience and ability of lending management and the depth of staff; changes in the trend, volume and severity of past-due and classified loans, and trends in the volume of non- accrual loans; the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations; levels and trends in classification; declining trends in performance; structure and lack of performance measures and migration between risk classifications. Key risk factors and assumptions are dynamically updated to reflect actual experience and changing circum- stances. While management may periodically allocate portions of the allowance for specific problem loans, the entire allowance is available for any charge-offs that occur. Certain collateral dependent loans are evaluated individually for impairment, based on management’s best estimate of discounted cash repayments and the anticipated proceeds from liquidating collateral. The actual timing and amount of repayments and the ultimate realizable value of the collateral may differ from management’s estimates. The expected loss for certain other commercial credits utilizes internal risk ratings. These loss estimates are sensitive to changes in the customer’s risk profile, the realizable value of collateral, other risk factors and the related loss experience of other credits of similar risk. Consumer credits generally employ statistical loss factors, adjusted for other risk indicators, applied to pools of similar loans stratified by asset type. These loss estimates are sensitive to changes in delinquency status and shifts in the aggregate risk profile. (Continued) 13 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) The Company maintains an allowance for losses on unfunded commercial lending commitments to provide for the risk of loss inherent in these arrangements. The allowance is computed using a methodology similar to that used to determine the allowance for loan losses. This allowance is reported as a liability on the balance sheet within accrued expenses and other liabilities, while the corresponding provision for these losses is recorded as a component of other expense. Premises and Equipment: Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreci- ation is computed generally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives (5 to 40 years) of the various assets. Maintenance and repairs are expensed and major improvements are capitalized. Other Real Estate: Real estate acquired through foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is included in other assets. Such real estate is carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Any reduction from the carrying value of the related loan to fair value at the time of acquisition is accounted for as a loan loss. Any subsequent reduction in fair market value is reflected as a valuation allowance through a charge to income. Costs of significant property improvements are capitalized, whereas costs relating to holding and maintaining the property are charged to expense. Intangible Asset: A core deposit intangible asset resulting from a branch acquisition is being amortized over a 15 year period. The intangible asset, net of accumulated amortization, was $24,000 and $61,000 at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and is included in other assets. The annual expense was $37,000 at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for the next year is $24,000. Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance: Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) represents life insurance on the lives of certain Company employees, officers and directors who have provided positive consent allowing the Company to be the co-beneficiary of such policies. Since the Company is the owner of the insurance policies, increases in the cash value of the policies, as well as its share of insurance proceeds received, are recorded in other noninterest income, and are not subject to income taxes. The cash value of the policies is included in other assets. The Company reviews the financial strength of the insurance carriers prior to the purchase of BOLI and quarterly thereafter. The amount of BOLI with any individual carrier is limited to 15% of Tier I Capital. The Company has purchased BOLI to provide a long-term asset to offset long-term benefit liabilities, while generating competitive investment yields. Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangement: On January 1, 2008, the Company changed its account- ing policy and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings totaling $539,000 related to accounting for certain endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements. The liability is recognized for the death benefit promised under a split-dollar life insurance arrangement. Transfers of Financial Assets: Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. Advertising: The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. (Continued) 14 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Income Taxes: A deferred tax liability or asset is determined at each balance sheet date. It is measured by applying currently enacted tax laws to future amounts that result from differences in the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Other Comprehensive Income: Accumulated other comprehensive income for the Company is comprised solely of unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of tax. Per Share Amounts: The Board of Directors declared a 1% common stock dividends payable as of January 1, 2009 and 2008. The board also declared a 1% stock dividend on March 9, 2009. The common stock dividend declared on March 9, 2009 resulted in the issuance of 44,508 shares and the common stock dividend issued on January 1, 2009 resulted in the issuance of 43,786 shares of common stock, which have been included in the 4,728,267 shares reported as issued at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Basic and diluted earnings per common share are based on weighted average shares outstanding. Average shares outstanding and per share amounts have been restated to give retroactive effect to the 1% common stock dividend of January 1, 2009 and 2008 and March 9, 2009. Average shares outstanding and per share amounts similarly reflect the impact of the Company’s stock repurchase program. The following table sets forth the computation of basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share: Years Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2009 Net income (loss) ($000 omitted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted average common shares outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic earnings (loss) per common share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted earnings (loss) per common share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (6,335) $ 2,353 $ 4,350 4,525,516 (1.40) (1.40) $ $ 4,492,237 0.52 $ 0.52 $ 4,583,921 0.95 $ 0.95 $ Off Balance Sheet Financial Instruments: Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. Reclassifications: Certain items in the financial statements for 2007 and 2008 have been reclassified to conform to the 2009 presentation. Authoritative Accounting Guidance In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2009-01, Topic 105 — Generally Accepted Accounting Principles — FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The Codification is the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Codifi- cation does not change current GAAP, but is intended to simplify user access to all authoritative GAAP by providing all the authoritative literature related to a particular topic in one place. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. The Company adopted this standard in 2009. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position. (Continued) 15 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) In September 2006, the FASB issued an accounting standard related to fair value measurements, which was effective for the Company on January 1, 2008. This standard defined fair value, established a framework for measuring fair value, and expanded disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted this accounting standard related to fair value measurements for the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities. The Company deferred adoption of this accounting standard related to fair value measurements for the Company’s nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for those items recognized or disclosed at fair value on an annual or more frequently recurring basis, until January 1, 2009. The adoption of this accounting standard related to fair value measurements for the Company’s nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities did not have a material impact on the Company’s statements of income and condition. This accounting standard was subsequently codified into ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. In April 2009, the FASB issued new guidance impacting ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. This ASC provides additional guidance in determining fair values when there is no active market or where the price inputs being used represent distressed sales. It reaffirms the need to use judgment to ascertain if a formerly active market has become inactive and in determining fair values when markets have become inactive. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position. In April 2009, the FASB issued new guidance impacting ASC 320-10, Investments — Debt and Equity Securities, which provides additional guidance designed to create greater clarity and consistency in accounting for and presenting impairment losses on securities. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company has presented the necessary disclosures in Note (2) herein. In August 2009, the FASB issued ASU No. 2009-05, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820) — Measuring Liabilities at Fair Value. This ASU provides amendments for fair value measurements of liabilities. It provides clarification that in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for the identical liability is not available, a reporting entity is required to measure fair value using one or more techniques. ASU 2009-05 also clarifies that when estimating a fair value of a liability, a reporting entity is not required to include a separate input or adjustment to other inputs relating to the existence of a restriction that prevents the transfer of the liability. ASU 2009-05 is effective for the first reporting period (including interim periods) beginning after issuance or fourth quarter 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operation or financial position. In April 2009, the FASB issued new guidance impacting ASC 825-10-50, Financial Instruments, which relates to fair value disclosures for any financial instruments that are not currently reflected on the balance sheet of companies at fair value. This guidance amended existing GAAP to require disclosures about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies as well as in annual financial statements. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company has presented the necessary disclosures in Note (12) herein. NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES Securities classified as held to maturity are those that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Securities held to maturity are stated at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, with such amortization or accretion included in interest income. (Continued) 16 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES (Continued) Securities classified as available for sale are those that could be sold for liquidity, investment management, or similar reasons even though management has no present intentions to do so. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value. Changes in the unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities are recorded net of tax effect as a component of comprehensive income (loss). The following is a summary of investment securities: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 Investment securities available for sale U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage-backed and related securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trust preferred pools/collateralized debt obligations . . . . . . . . . Corporate securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulatory stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortized Cost $ 20,465 12,351 89,613 21,068 287 143,784 3,749 Total available for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $147,533 Investment securities held to maturity U.S. Treasury securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage-backed and related securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 130 5,990 16,097 8,434 Total held to maturity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 30,651 December 31, 2008 Investment securities available for sale U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage-backed and related securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trust preferred pools/collateralized debt obligations . . . . . . . . . Corporate securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulatory stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 11,314 7,293 80,073 34,600 1,102 134,382 3,749 Total available for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $138,131 Investment securities held to maturity U.S. Treasury securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage-backed and related securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 134 32,894 22,626 14,752 Total held to maturity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 70,406 Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value $ 315 230 2,729 3,274 $3,274 $ 11 134 631 326 $1,102 $ 561 289 2,067 6 2,923 $2,923 $ 18 407 726 265 $1,416 $ 227 83 280 8,944 9,534 $9,534 $ 15 248 $ 263 $ 84 162 19,460 19,706 $19,706 $ $ 50 49 513 612 $ 20,553 12,498 92,062 12,124 287 137,524 3,749 $141,273 $ 141 6,124 16,713 8,512 $ 31,490 $ 11,875 7,498 81,978 15,146 1,102 117,599 3,749 $121,348 $ 152 33,251 23,303 14,504 $ 71,210 At December 31, 2009 and 2008 regulatory stock consisted of $3,523,000 in Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock and $226,000 in Federal Reserve Bank (FED) stock. Each investment is carried at cost, and the Company is required to hold such investments as a condition of membership in order to transact business with the FHLB and the FED. The FHLB of Cincinnati’s financial condition remained strong despite the economic recession and the FHLB of Cincinnati continued to fulfill its role as an important provider of reliable and attractively priced wholesale funding, with a competitive dividend paid to the Bank in each of the four quarters of 2009. (Continued) 17 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES (Continued) The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at December 31, 2009, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Investment securities available for sale Due in one year or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due after one year through five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due after five years through ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due after ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment securities held to maturity Due in one year or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due after one year through five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due after five years through ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due after ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,399 527 16,062 34,183 54,171 89,613 $143,784 $ 2,309 722 6,703 12,483 22,217 8,434 $ 30,651 $ 3,442 548 15,987 25,485 45,462 92,062 $137,524 $ 2,353 763 6,863 12,999 22,978 8,512 $ 31,490 The following table sets forth the proceeds, gains and losses realized on securities sold or called for each of the years ended December 31: (Amounts in thousands) 2009 Proceeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31,518 432 Gross realized gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Gross realized losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2008 $42,325 139 — 2007 $9,991 77 — Securities available for sale, carried at fair value, totaled $141,273,000 at December 31, 2009 and $121,348,000 at December 31, 2008 representing 82.2% and 63.3%, respectively, of all investment securities. These levels provide an adequate level of liquidity in management’s opinion. Investment securities with a carrying value of approximately $87,678,000 at December 31, 2009 and $104,162,000 at December 31, 2008 were pledged to secure deposits and for other purposes. (Continued) 18 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES (Continued) The following is a summary of the fair value of securities with unrealized losses and an aging of those unrealized losses at December 31, 2009: (Amounts in thousands) Less than 12 Months Unrealized Losses Fair Value 12 Months or More Fair Unrealized Losses Value Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . . . . . $11,111 $227 $ $ $11,111 $ 227 Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . Mortgage-backed and related securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trust preferred pools/ collateralized debt obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,019 32,696 69 272 1,705 2,130 29 256 5,724 34,826 98 528 $47,826 $568 11,932 $15,767 8,944 $9,229 11,932 $63,593 8,944 $9,797 The above table represents 66 investment securities where the fair value is less than the related amortized cost. The following is a summary of the fair value of securities with unrealized losses and an aging of those unrealized losses at December 31, 2008: (Amounts in thousands) Less than 12 Months Unrealized Losses Fair Value 12 Months or More Fair Value Unrealized Losses Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . . . . . $ 3,947 $ 50 $ $ $ 3,947 $ 50 Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . Mortgage-backed and related securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trust preferred pools/ collateralized debt obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,906 7,046 105 526 370 12,098 28 149 3,276 19,144 133 675 2,737 $16,636 1,944 $2,625 12,199 $24,667 17,516 $17,693 14,936 $41,303 19,460 $20,318 The above table represents 135 investment securities where the current value is less than the related amortized cost. The unrealized loss on Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO’S) represents pools of trust preferred debt primarily issued by bank holding companies and insurance companies. The unrealized loss on these securities at December 31, 2009 was $8,944,000 as compared to a $19,460,000 loss at December 31, 2008. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in U.S. Government agencies and corporations, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and mortgage-backed and related securities were caused by changes in market rates and related spreads, as well as reflecting current distressed conditions in the credit markets and the (Continued) 19 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES (Continued) market’s on-going reassessment of appropriate liquidity and risk premiums. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the Company’s investment because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and relative spreads and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell those investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current period credit loss. The Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2009. During September 2008, the U.S. government placed mortgage finance companies Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), under conservatorship, giving management control to their regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or FHFA, and providing both companies with access to credit from the U.S. Treasury. Debt obligations now provide an explicit guarantee of the full faith and credit of the United States government to existing and future debt holders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac limited to the period under which they are under conservatorship. The Company’s investment in FNMA and FHLMC is $2,013,000 and $5,992,000 respectively. In response to the takeover, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation tentatively approved a rule, proposed by all four federal bank regulators, that eases capital requirements for federally insured depository institutions that hold FNMA and FHLMC corporate debt, subordinated debt, mortgage guarantees and derivatives. Securities Deemed to be Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired The Company reviews investment debt securities on an ongoing basis for the presence of other-than- temporary impairment (OTTI) with formal reviews performed quarterly. OTTI losses on individual investment securities were recognized during 2009 in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 320, Investments — Debt and Equity Securities. The purpose of this ASC was to provide greater clarity to investors about the credit and noncredit component of an other-than-temporary impairment event and to communicate more effectively when an other- than-temporary impairment event has occurred. This ASC amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance in GAAP for debt securities and improves the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairment on investment securities and changes the calculation of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings in the financial statements. This ASC does not amend existing recognition and measurement guidance related to other-than-temporary impairment of equity securities. For debt securities, ASC Topic 320 requires an entity to assess whether (a) it has the intent to sell the debt security, or (b) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions is met, an other-than-temporary impairment on the security must be recognized. In instances in which a determination is made that a credit loss (defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis) exists but the entity does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the debt security before the anticipated recovery of its remaining amortized cost basis (i.e., the amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss), ASC Topic 320 changes the presentation and amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in the income statement. In these instances, the impairment is separated into (a) the amount of the total impairment related to the credit loss, and (b) the amount of the total impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than- temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total impairment (Continued) 20 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES (Continued) related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). The total other-than-temporary impairment is presented in the income statement with an offset for the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment that is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Previously, in all cases, if an impairment was determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment loss was recognized in earnings in an amount equal to the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment was made. The new presentation provides additional information about the amounts that the Company does not expect to collect related to a debt security. Through the impairment assessment process, the Company determined that the investments discussed below were other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2009. The Company recorded impairment credit losses in earnings on available-for-sale securities of $14,502,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009. The $4,402,000 non-credit portion of impairment recognized during the year ended December 31, 2009 was recorded in Other Comprehensive Income (loss). At December 31, 2008 the Company recorded impairment credit losses of $1,251,000. TWELVE MONTHS ENDED December 31, 2009 2008 Impaired Losses Recognized in Income on Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Securities Collateralized debt obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Motors Corporate Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $13,687 815 $14,502 $ 1,251 $1,251 At December 31, 2009, the Company recognized $815,000 of other-than-temporary losses attributable to its General Motors Corporation Corporate Securities with a cost basis of $2,353,000. Previously, at December 31, 2008, $1,251,000 of other-than-temporary losses attributable to General Motors Corporate Securities was recognized. The impairment charges were recognized due to the fact that General Motors filed for government- assisted Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on June 1, 2009. Pursuant to the reorganization, secured creditors of the newly emerged company were granted priority in the liability settlement process. Unsecured creditors, such as the Company’s position in these corporate bonds, are subject to much more restrictive settlement options still to be determined. Under this scenario, the market has priced these securities well below the par values. The Company does not expect the value to recover from this pricing level, thus has recognized other- than-temporary impairment. For the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company recognized OTTI of $13,687,000 attributable to eighteen CDO’s with a cost basis of $21,860,000. The impairment charges were recognized after determining the likely future cash flows of these securities had been adversely impacted. (Continued) 21 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 3 - LOANS RECEIVABLE The following is a summary of loans: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 2008 1-4 family residential mortgage loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 60,904 1-4 family residential mortgage loans held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial mortgage loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial loans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Home equity loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,507 7,770 38,498 14,569 Total loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $248,248 $ 68,985 236 128,705 8,162 27,750 12,179 $246,017 NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The following is an analysis of changes in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended: (Amounts in thousands) Balance at beginning of year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loan charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net loan charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision charged to operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 31, 2008 $ 1,621 (1,100) 164 (936) 1,785 $ 2,470 2009 $2,470 (620) 160 (460) 427 $2,437 2007 $2,211 (728) 98 (630) 40 $1,621 Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary. Impaired loans are generally included in non-accrual loans. Management does not individually evaluate certain smaller balance loans for impairment as such loans are evaluated on an aggregate basis. These loans include 1-4 family, consumer and home equity loans. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Impaired loans were as follows: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 December 31, 2008 Balance of impaired loans with no allocated allowance . . . . . . . . . Balance of impaired loans with an allocated allowance . . . . . . . . . Total recorded investment in impaired loans . . . . . . . . . . Amount of the allowance allocated to impaired loans . . . . . . . . . . Average balance of impaired loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 855 401 $1,256 $ 156 $1,078 $ 483 441 $ 924 $ 262 $1,489 (Continued) 22 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Continued) The impaired loans included in the table on the previous page were primarily comprised of collateral dependent commercial loans. Interest income recognized on these loans subsequent to their classification as impaired was $52,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009 and $37,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued because circumstances indicate that collection is questionable amounted to $1,230,000, $858,000 and $2,285,000 at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Interest income on these loans, if accrued, would have increased pretax income by approximately $66,000, $79,000 and $188,000 for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. There were no loans outstanding at past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest for 2009, 2008 and 2007. There were $920,000 in renegotiated loans at December 31, 2009, $550,000 at December 31, 2008 and $546,000 at December 31, 2007. The total interest recognized on these loans was $64,000 at December 31, 2009, $21,000 at December 31, 2008 and $12,000 at December 31, 2007. There were no renegotiated loans for which interest has been reduced at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. At December 31, 2009, interest, if it had not been renegotiated, would have increased pretax income by $26,000. As of December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, there were $16,354,000, $13,962,000 and $14,691,000 in loans that were neither classified as nonaccrual nor considered impaired, but which can be considered potential problem loans. Any loans classified for regulatory purposes as loss, doubtful, substandard or special mention that have not been disclosed above do not (i) represent or result from trends or uncertainties which management reasonably expects will materially impact future operating results, liquidity or capital resources, or (ii) represent material credits about which management is aware of any information which causes management to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the loan repayment terms. NOTE 5 - PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT The following is a summary of premises and equipment: (Amounts in thousands) Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 31, 2009 2008 $ 1,387 8,043 7,288 261 16,979 9,852 $ 1,387 7,974 7,142 254 16,757 9,186 Net book value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,127 $ 7,571 Depreciation expense was $666,000 in 2009, $681,000 in 2008 and $576,000 in 2007. (Continued) 23 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 6 - DEPOSITS The following is a summary of interest-bearing deposits: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 2008 Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 25,639 50,098 Money Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,794 Savings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time: In denominations under $100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In denominations of $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,072 62,719 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $327,322 $ 25,033 40,106 79,908 110,645 65,626 $321,318 December 31, 2009 stated maturities of time deposits were as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 2009 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 98,352 22,836 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,318 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,007 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,649 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,629 2015 and beyond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $164,791 The following is a summary of time deposits of $100,000 or more by remaining maturities: (Amounts in thousands) 2009 Certificates of Deposit Other Time Deposits $ 2,434 331 December 31, 2008 Certificates of Deposit Other Time Deposits $ 8,464 10,507 22,092 $ 964 492 Total $11,617 11,306 19,491 Total $ 9,428 10,999 22,092 6,269 1,092 18,509 1,796 15,094 1,051 6,132 830 21,226 1,881 Three months or less . . Three to six months . . . Six to twelve months . . One through five years . . . . . . . . . . . Over five years . . . . . . $ 9,183 10,975 19,491 12,240 704 Total . . . . . . $52,593 $10,126 $62,719 $57,208 $8,418 $65,626 (Continued) 24 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 7 - FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES AND OTHER BORROWINGS The following is a summary of total Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings: (Amounts in thousands) Federal Home Loan Bank advances Fixed rate payable and convertible fixed rate Federal Home Loan Bank advances, with monthly interest payments: Due in 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due in 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due in 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due in 2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due in 2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due in 2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due in 2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due in 2016. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due in 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Federal Home Loan Bank advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other short term borrowings Securities sold under repurchase agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Treasury interest-bearing demand note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted Average Interest Rate December 31, 2009 2008 5.3033% $ 5.6635% 4.4641% 4.4500% 2.9140% 4.1585% 2.9300% 4.0700% 4.1216% 4.4695% 15,500 8,500 1,500 2,500 6,500 4,000 2,000 16,000 56,500 0.1027% 0.0000% 0.0993% 6,638 228 6,866 $ 6,000 15,500 8,500 1,500 2,500 6,500 4,000 2,000 16,000 62,500 4,743 905 5,648 3.9960% $63,366 $68,148 Securities sold under repurchase agreements represent arrangements that the Bank has entered into with certain deposit customers within its local market areas. These borrowings are collateralized with securities. There is $11,760,000 in securities, allocated for this purpose, owned by the Bank and held in safekeeping accounts at independent correspondent banks. Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances are collateralized by the FHLB stock owned by the Bank, which had a carrying value of $3,523,000 at December 31, 2009, and a blanket lien against the Bank’s qualified mortgage loan portfolio of $44,775,000 at December 31, 2009, $2,667,000 in collateralized mortgage obligations, $1,932,000 in Federal Agency Securities and $20,397,000 in mortgage-backed securities. Maximum borrowing capacity from the FHLB totaled $59,487,000 at December 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, $18,500,000 and $23,500,000 of the FHLB fixed rate advances are convertible to quarterly LIBOR floating rate advances on or after certain specified dates at the option of the FHLB. Should the FHLB elect to convert, the Company acquires the right to prepay any or all of the borrowing at the time of conversion and on any interest payment due date, thereafter, without penalty. As of both December 31, 2009 and 2008, $32,500,000 of the FHLB fixed rate advances are putable on or after certain specified dates at the option of the FHLB. Should the FHLB elect to exercise the put, the Company is required to pay the advance off on that date without penalty. (Continued) 25 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 8 - SUBORDINATED DEBT In July 2007 a trust formed by the Company issued $5,000,000 of floating rate trust preferred securities as part of a pooled offering of such securities due December 2037. The Bancorp owns all $155,000 of the common securities issued by the trust. The securities bear interest at the 3-month LIBOR rate plus 1.45%. The rate at December 31, 2009 was 1.70%. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for the proceeds of the trust preferred offering. The debentures represent the sole assets of this trust. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures, in whole or in part, at a premium declining ratably to par in September 2012. In accordance with FASB ASC, Topic 942, Financial Services — Depository and Lending the trust is not consolidated with the Company’s financial statements. Accordingly, the Company does not report the securities issued by the trust as liabilities, but instead reports as liabilities the subordinated debentures issued by the Company and held by the trust. The subordinated debentures qualify as Tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes in determining and evaluating the Company’s capital adequacy. NOTE 9 - COMMITMENTS The Bank occupies office facilities under operating leases extending to 2018. Most of these leases contain an option to renew at the then fair rental value for periods of five and ten years. These options enable the Bank to retain use of facilities in desirable operating areas. In most cases, management expects that in the normal course of business, leases will be renewed or replaced by other leases. In 2008 two of the leased facilities were replaced by Bank owned facilities and one new leased facility was opened. Rental and lease expense was $187,000 for 2009, $242,000 for 2008 and $265,000 for 2007. The following is a summary of remaining future minimum lease payments under current non-cancelable operating leases for office facilities: (Amounts in thousands) Years ending: December 31, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $141 100 December 31, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 December 31, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 December 31, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 December 21, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Later years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $610 At December 31, 2009, the Bank was required to maintain aggregate cash reserves amounting to $4,237,000 in order to satisfy federal regulatory requirements. These amounts earn interest. The Bank grants commercial and industrial loans, commercial and residential mortgages, and consumer loans to customers in Northeast Ohio and Western Pennsylvania. Although the Bank has a diversified portfolio, exposure to credit loss can be adversely impacted by downturns in local economic and employment conditions. Approximately 1.56% of total loans are unsecured at December 31, 2009, compared to 2.02% at December 31, 2008. The Company currently does not enter into derivative financial instruments including futures, forwards, interest rate risk swaps, option contracts, or other financial instruments with similar characteristics. The Company also does not participate in any partnerships or other special purpose entities that might give rise to off-balance sheet liabilities. (Continued) 26 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 9 - COMMITMENTS (Continued) The Company, through its subsidiary bank, is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees. Such instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the balance sheet. The contract or notional amounts or those instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments. In the event of nonperformance by the other party, the Company’s exposure to credit loss on these financial instruments is represented by the contract or notional amount of the instrument. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for instruments recorded on the balance sheet. The amount and nature of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management’s credit evaluation. The following is a summary of such contractual commitments: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 2008 Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk: Commitments to extend credit Fixed rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Variable rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standby letters of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 33,959 703 $ 1,301 35,699 850 Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Generally these financial arrangements have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment and income-producing commercial properties. The Company’s subsidiary bank also offers limited overdraft protection as a non-contractual courtesy which is available to businesses as well as individually/jointly owned accounts in good standing for personal or household use. The Company reserves the right to discontinue this service without prior notice. The available amount of overdraft protection on depositors’ accounts at December 31, 2009, totaled $10,553,000. The total average daily balance of overdrafts used in 2009 was $139,000, or less than 2% of the total aggregate overdraft protection available to depositors. The balance at December 31, 2009 of all deposit overdrafts included in total loans was $129,000, and the balance at December 31, 2008 was $170,000. NOTE 10 - BENEFIT PLANS The Bank has a contributory defined contribution retirement plan (a 401(k) plan) which covers substantially all employees. Total expense under the plan was $226,000 for 2009, $237,000 for 2008 and $244,000 for 2007. The Bank matches participants’ voluntary contributions up to 5% of gross pay. Participants may make voluntary (Continued) 27 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 10 - BENEFIT PLANS (Continued) contributions to the plan up to a maximum of $16,500 with an additional $5,500 catch-up deferral for plan participants over the age of 50. The Bank makes monthly contributions to this plan equal to amounts accrued for plan expense. The Company provides supplemental retirement benefit plans for the benefit of certain officers and non officer directors. The plan for officers is designed to provide post-retirement benefits to supplement other sources of retirement income such as social security and 401(k) benefits. The benefits will be paid for a period of 15 years after retirement. Director Retirement Agreements provide for a benefit of $10,000 annually on or after the director reaches normal retirement age, which is based on a combination of age and years of service. Director retirement benefits are paid over a period of 10 years following retirement. The Company accrues the cost of these post-retirement benefits during the working careers of the officers and directors. At December 31, 2009, the accumulated liability for these benefits totaled $2,127,000, with $1,754,000 accrued for the officers’ plan and $373,000 for the directors’ plan. The following table reconciles the accumulated liability for the benefit obligation of these agreements: (Amounts in thousands) Years Ended December 31, 2009 2008 Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,900 297 Benefit expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (70) Benefit payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,127 $1,689 281 (70) $1,900 Supplemental executive retirement agreements are unfunded plans and have no plan assets. The benefit obligation represents the vested net present value of future payments to individuals under the agreements. The benefit expense, as specified in the agreements for the entire year 2010, is expected to be under $300,000. The benefits expected to be paid in the next year are $132,000. The Bank has purchased insurance contracts on the lives of the participants in the supplemental retirement benefit plan and has named the Bank as the beneficiary. Similarly, the Bancorp has purchased insurance contracts on the lives of the directors with the Bancorp as beneficiary. While no direct linkage exists between the supplemental retirement benefit plan and the life insurance contracts, it is management’s current intent that the revenue from the insurance contracts be used as a funding source for the plan. At December 31, 2009, the cumulative income accrued on these contracts totaled $3,459,000 on a tax equivalent basis, with $2,364,000 accrued on the officers’ contracts and $1,095,000 on the directors’ contracts. The Company accrues for the monthly benefit expense of postretirement cost of insurance for split-dollar life insurance coverage. At January 1, 2008, the Company recorded the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle for recognizing a liability for the death benefit promised under a split-dollar life insurance arrangement. The total liability was $539,000 with the offset to retained earnings. Total net amount expensed for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $42,000 and at December 31, 2008 was $46,000. The accumulated liability at December 31, 2009 is $627,000. The accrual for the year ended December 31, 2010 is expected to be under $50,000. (Continued) 28 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 11 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES The composition of income tax expense (benefit) is as follows: (Amounts in thousands) Years Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2007 Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861 (5,016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(4,155) Total $ 795 (507) $ 288 $ 922 189 $1,111 The following is a summary of net deferred taxes included in other assets: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2008 2009 Gross deferred tax assets: Provision for loan and other real estate losses . . . . . . . . . . Loan origination cost - net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impairment loss on securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized loss on available for sale securities . . . . . . . . . Other items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total gross deferred tax assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total net deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total net deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net deferred tax asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 505 140 5,438 2,128 837 9,048 (106) 8,942 (464) (585) (1,049) $ 7,893 $ 516 148 425 5,707 748 7,544 (63) 7,481 (431) (594) (1,025) $ 6,456 2007 $ 227 141 49 776 1,193 1,193 (330) (572) (902) $ 291 At December 31, 2009, the Company assessed its earnings history and trend over the prior two years, its estimate of future earnings, and the expiration dates of its net operating loss carry-forwards. Based on this assessment, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized before their expiration. The Company has determined that the realization of the deferred tax assets continue to be more likely than not and no additional valuation allowance is recorded. The following is a reconciliation between tax (benefit) expense using the statutory tax rate of 34% and the income tax provision: (Amounts in thousands) Years Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2007 Statutory tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(3,567) (655) Tax effect of non-taxable income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Tax effect of non-deductible expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total income tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . $(4,155) $ 898 (695) 85 $ 288 $1,857 (846) 100 $1,111 The related income tax expense on investment securities gains and losses amounted to $147,000 for 2009, $47,000 for 2008 and $26,000 for 2007, and is included in the total federal income tax provision. The Company adopted the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, which prescribe a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained (Continued) 29 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 11 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES (Continued) upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. The provision also provides guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties. There was no significant unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2009 and the Company does not expect any significant increase in unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months. No interest or penalties were incurred for income taxes which would have been recorded as a component of income tax expense. NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE Measurements Accounting guidance under ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, affirms that the objective of fair value when the market for an asset is not active is the price that would be received to sell the asset in an orderly transaction, and clarifies and includes additional factors for determining whether there has been a significant decrease in market activity for an asset when the market for that asset is not active. ASC Topic 820 requires an entity to base its conclusion about whether a transaction was not orderly on the weight of the evidence. The Company groups assets and liabilities recorded at fair value into three levels based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement (with level 1 considered highest and level 3 considered lowest). A brief description of each level follows: Level 1: Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date. Level 2: Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities include items for which quoted prices are available but which trade less frequently, and items that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed. Level 3: Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. (Continued) 30 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE (Continued) The following table presents the assets reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value as of December 31 2009 and December 31, 2008 by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. (Amounts in thousands) Description U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . Mortgage-backed and related securities . . . . . . . . . Trust preferred pools/collateralized debt obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Amounts in thousands) Description U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . Mortgage-backed and related securities . . . . . . . . . Trust preferred pools/collateralized debt obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair Value Measurements at 12/31/09 Using Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ $ 20,553 12,498 92,062 287 $125,400 $ 12,124 $12,124 Fair Value Measurements at 12/31/08 Using Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ $ 11,875 7,498 81,978 $101,351 $ 15,146 1,102 $16,248 12/31/09 $ 20,553 12,498 92,062 12,124 287 $137,524 12/31/08 $ 11,875 7,498 81,978 15,146 1,102 $117,599 The following tables present the changes in the Level 3 fair value category for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008. The Company classifies financial instruments in Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy when there is reliance on at least one significant unobservable input to the valuation model. In addition to these unobservable inputs, the valuation models for Level 3 financial instruments typically also rely on a number of inputs that are readily observable either directly or indirectly. (Amounts in thousands) Net unrealized Net realized/ Unrealized gains/ (losses) included in Other Comprehensive Income Noninterest Income January 1, 2009 Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 Purchases issuances and settlements December 31, 2009 Trust preferred pools/CDO’s . . . . . . . . $15,146 $(13,687) (815) Corporate securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,102 $10,510 $ $155 $12,124 (287) (Amounts in thousands) Net realized/ Unrealized gains/ (losses) included in Other Comprehensive Income Noninterest Income January 1, 2008 Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 Purchases issuances and settlements December 31, 2008 Losses included in net income for the period relating to assets held at December 31, 2009 $(13,687) (815) Net unrealized Losses included in net income for the period relating to assets held at December 31, 2008 Trust preferred pools/CDO’s . . . . . . . . Corporate Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ $(12,710) (1,251) $27,856 2,353 $ $15,146 1,102 $ (1,251) (Continued) 31 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE (Continued) On September 30, 2008, the Company changed its valuation technique for pooled trust preferred holdings available-for-sale. Previously, the Company relied on prices compiled by third party vendors using observable market data (Level 2) to determine the values of these securities. Based on financial market conditions at September 30, 2008, the Company concluded that the fair values obtained from third party vendors reflected forced liquidation or distressed sales for these trust preferred securities. Therefore, the Company estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow methodology using appropriately adjusted discount rates reflecting nonperformance and liquidity risks. The change in the valuation technique for these trust preferred securities resulted in a transfer of these securities into Level 3 financial assets. The Company conducts other-than-temporary impairment analysis on a quarterly basis. The initial indication of other-than-temporary impairment for both debt and equity securities is a decline in the market value below the amount recorded for an investment. A decline in value that is considered to be other-than-temporary is recorded as a loss within non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income. In determining whether an impairment is other than temporary, the Company considers a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than cost, recent events specific to the issuer, including investment downgrades by rating agencies and economic conditions of its industry, and a determination that the Company does not intend to sell those investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current period credit loss. Among the factors that are considered in determining the Company’s intent and ability is a review of its capital adequacy, interest rate risk position and liquidity. The Company also considers the issuer’s financial condition, capital strength and near-term prospects. In addition, for debt securities the Company considers the cause of the price decline (general level of interest rates and industry- and issuer-specific factors), current ability to make future payments in a timely manner and the issuer’s ability to service debt, the assessment of a security’s ability to recover any decline in market value, the ability of the issuer to meet contractual obligations and the Company’s intent and ability to retain the security require considerable judgment. Collateralized debt obligations are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic 325 Investments Other. The Company evaluates current available information in estimating the future cash flows of securities and determines whether there have been favorable or adverse changes in estimated cash flows from the cash flows previously projected. The Company considers the structure and term of the pool and the financial condition of the underlying issuers. Specifically, the evaluation incorporates factors such as interest rates and appropriate risk premiums, the timing and amount of interest and principal payments and the allocation of payments to the various note classes. Current estimates of cash flows are based on the most recent trustee reports, announcements of deferrals or defaults, expected future default rates and other relevant market information. The Company owns 32 collateralized debt obligation securities (CDO) totaling $35,143,000 (par value) that are backed by trust preferred securities issued by banks, thrifts, insurance companies and real estate investment trusts. These securities were all rated investment grade at inception. During the second half of 2008 and through 2009, factors outside the Company’s control impacted the fair value of these securities and will likely continue to do so for the foreseeable future. These factors include, but are not limited to: guidance on fair value accounting, issuer credit deterioration, issuer deferral and default rates, potential failure or government seizure of underlying financial institutions or insurance companies, ratings agency actions, or regulatory actions. As a result of changes in these and various other factors during 2009, Moody’s Investors Service, Fitch Ratings and Standards and Poors downgraded multiple CDO securities, including securities held by the Company. Thirty-one of the CDO (Continued) 32 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE (Continued) securities held by the Company are now considered to be below investment grade, with one security still rated investment grade. The deteriorating economic, credit and financial conditions experienced in 2008 and 2009 have resulted in illiquid and inactive financial markets and severely depressed prices for these securities. The Company analyzed the cash flow characteristics of these securities. The Company determined that for fourteen of these securities, it does not intend to sell the securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before recovery of its amortized cost basis. It was determined that there was no adverse change in the cash flows for these fourteen securities. The Company does not consider the investment in these assets to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2009. However, there is a risk that subsequent evaluations could result in recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges in the future. Upon completion of the December 31, 2009 analysis, our model indicated other-than-temporary impairment on the remaining eighteen securities, all of which experienced additional defaults or deferrals during the period. These eighteen securities had impairment losses of $18.1 million, of which $13.7 million was recorded as expense and $4.4 million was recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). These eighteen securities remained classified as available for sale at December 31, 2009, and together, the 32 securities subjected to FASB ASC Topic 320 accounted for the entire $8.9 million of gross unrealized losses in the trust preferred pools/collateralized debt obligations category at December 31, 2009. The following table details the eighteen debt securities with other-than-temporary impairment, their credit ratings at December 31, 2009 and the related losses recognized in earnings: (Amounts in thousands) Amount of other-than-temporary impairment related to credit loss at January 1, 2009 PreTSL II Mezzanine Moody’s Rated Ca . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL VIII B-3 Moody’s Rated C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XVI D Fitch Rated C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XVI D Fitch Rated C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alesco Preferred Funding VIII Class E Notes 1 Moody’s Rated Ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tropic CDO V Class B-1L Moody’s Rated C . . . . . . . . MM Community Funding III Class B Moody’s Rated Baa3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL IX Class B-2 Moody’s Rated Ca. . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XVII Class D Fitch Rated C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XXV Class D Fitch Rated C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XXVI Class D Fitch Rated C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XVIII Class D Fitch Rated C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trapeza CDO II Class C-1 Moody’s Rated Ca. . . . . . . . PreTSL XVII Class C Moody’s Rated Ca . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XV Class B-3 Moody’s Rated Ca . . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XXIII Class C-FP Moody’s Rated C . . . . . . . . . PreTSL I Mezzanine Moody’s Rated Caa1 . . . . . . . . . . PreTSL XV Class B-2 Moody’s Rated Ca . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $— (Continued) Addition $ 816 1,390 518 991 1,500 4,425 6 247 930 1,001 464 513 317 94 84 204 103 84 $13,687 Amount of other-than-temporary impairment related to credit loss at December 31, 2009 $ 816 1,390 518 991 1,500 4,425 6 247 930 1,001 464 513 317 94 84 204 103 84 $13,687 33 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE (Continued) The following table provides additional information related to our entire pooled trust preferred collateralized debt obligations as of December 31, 2009 used to evaluate other-than-temporary impairments. Pooled Trust Preferred Security Detail (dollars in thousands) Deal Class Book Value Fair Value PreTSL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mezzanine PreTSL II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mezzanine PreTSL IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mezzanine PreTSL V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mezzanine PreTSL VIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3 PreTSL IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 PreTSL XV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 PreTSL XV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3 PreTSL XVI . . . . . . . . . . . . . D PreTSL XVI . . . . . . . . . . . . . D PreTSL XVII . . . . . . . . . . . . . C PreTSL XVII . . . . . . . . . . . . . D PreTSL XVIII . . . . . . . . . . . . D PreTSL XXIII . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2 PreTSL XXIII . . . . . . . . . . . . C-FP PreTSL XXV. . . . . . . . . . . . . D PreTSL XXVI . . . . . . . . . . . . D I-PreTSL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 I-PreTSL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 I-PreTSL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3 I-PreTSL II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3 I-PreTSL III . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 I-PreTSL III . . . . . . . . . . . . . C I-PreTSL IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 I-PreTSL IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 I-PreTSL IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . C Alesco VIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E MM Community Funding III . . B MM Community Funding II . . B Tropic V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1L Trapeza II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Trapeza IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 $ 842 1,299 183 276 610 753 417 419 0 0 884 0 0 1,011 1,550 0 0 984 1,000 1,000 2,990 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 0 462 192 0 696 1,000 $ 697 818 138 187 208 326 119 120 0 0 126 0 0 242 475 0 0 738 710 708 2,388 692 537 677 677 225 0 391 192 0 248 485 Unrealized Gain Loss Moody’s Fitch Rating Caal/C Ca/C $ (145) (481) (45) Ca/CCC Ba3/C (89) C/C (402) Ca/C (427) Ca/C (298) Ca/C (299) NR/C 0 NR/C 0 Ca/C (758) NR/C 0 NR/C 0 C/C (769) C/C (1,075) NR/C 0 NR/C 0 (246) NR/BB (290) NR/BB (292) NR/BB (602) NR/BB B2/BB (308) NR/B (463) Ba2/B (323) (323) Ba2/B (275) Caa1/CCC Ca/C Baa3/B Baa2/BB C/C Ca/C 0 (71) 0 0 (448) (515) Caa3/CCC Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21,068 $12,124 $(8,944) Number of Issuers Currently Performing Deferrals and Defaults as % of Current Collateral Excess Subordination as a % of Current Performing Collateral 26 22 4 2 23 36 58 58 42 42 45 45 62 105 105 53 55 16 16 16 29 24 24 31 31 31 59 8 6 60 25 42 19.46% 31.10 27.07 43.12 43.67 28.11 23.58 23.58 31.67 31.67 19.91 19.91 19.91 19.49 19.49 30.96 24.99 9.04 9.04 9.04 0.00 5.81 5.81 5.81 4.16 4.16 51.22 29.35 36.96 52.87 52.21 12.25 0.00% 0.00 19.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.78 7.78 7.78 14.33 9.05 1.49 8.30 8.30 4.15 0.00 9.99 14.21 0.00 0.00 12.18 (Continued) 34 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE (Continued) The market for these securities at December 31, 2009 is not active and markets for similar securities are also not active. The inactivity was evidenced first by a significant widening of the bid-ask spread in the brokered markets in which CDOs trade and then by a significant decrease in the volume of trades relative to historical levels. The new issue market is also inactive as no new pooled trust preferred CDOs have been issued since 2007. There are currently very few market participants who are willing and or able to transact for these securities. The pooled market value for these securities remains very depressed relative to historical levels. Although there has been marked improvement in the credit spread premium in the corporate bond space, no such improvement has been noted in the market for trust preferred CDO’s. Given conditions in the debt markets today and the absence of observable transactions in the secondary and the new issue markets, we determined: (cid:129) The few observable transactions and market quotations that are available are not reliable for purposes of determining fair value at December 31, 2009; (cid:129) An income valuation approach technique (present value technique) that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs will be equally or more representative of fair value than the market approach valuation technique used at prior measurement dates; and (cid:129) The CDOs will be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the Company determined that significant adjustments are required to determine fair value at the measurement date. The Company enlisted the aid of an independent third party to perform the TRUP CDO valuations. The approach to determining fair value involved the following process: 1. Estimate the credit quality of the collateral using average probability of default values for each issuer (adjusted for rating levels). 2. Consider the potential for correlation among issuers within the same industry for default probabilities (e.g. banks with other banks). 3. Forecast the cash flows for the underlying collateral and apply to each CDO tranche to determine the resulting distribution among the securities. 4. Discount the expected cash flows to calculate the present value of the security. 5. The effective discount rates on an overall basis generally range from 9.84% to 63.91% and are highly dependent upon the credit quality of the collateral, the relative position of the tranche in the capital structure of the CDO and the prepayment assumptions. (Continued) 35 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE (Continued) The following table presents the assets measured on a nonrecurring basis on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, by level within the fair value hierarchy. Impaired loans that are collateral dependent are written down to fair value through the establishment of specific reserves. Techniques used to value the collateral that secure the impaired loans include: quoted market prices for identical assets classified as Level 1 inputs; observable inputs, employed by certified appraisers, for similar assets classified as Level 2 inputs. In cases where valuation techniques include inputs that are unobservable and are based on estimates and assumptions developed by management based on the best information available under each circumstance, the asset valuation is classified as Level 3 inputs. (Amounts in thousands) Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis: Impaired Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Real Estate Owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Level 1 December 31, 2009 Level 2 Level 3 $1,100 687 $ Total $1,100 687 (Amounts in thousands) Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis: Impaired Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Real Estate Owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Level 1 December 31, 2008 Level 2 Level 3 Total $ $ 662 809 $ $ 662 809 Impaired Loans: A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are measured, as a practical expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair market value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. At December 31, 2009, the recorded investment in impaired loans was $1,256,000 with a related reserve of $156,000 resulting in a net balance of $1,100,000. At December 31, 2008, the recorded investment in impaired loans was $924,000 with a related reserve of $262,000 resulting in a net balance of $662,000. Other Real Estate Owned (OREO): Real Estate acquired through foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is included in other assets. Such real estate is carried at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Any reduction from the carrying value of the related loan to fair value at the time of acquisition is accounted for as a loan loss. Any subsequent reduction in fair market value is reflected as a valuation allowance through a charge to income. Costs of significant property improvements are capitalized, whereas costs, relating to holding and maintaining the property, are charged to expense. At December 31 2009 the recorded investment in OREO was $697,000 with a valuation allowance of $10,000 resulting in a net balance of $687,000. At December 31, 2008, the recorded investment in OREO was $819,000 with a valuation allowance of $10,000 resulting in a net balance of $809,000. Financial Instruments The FASB ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate the value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other estimation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. (Continued) 36 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE (Continued) Such techniques and assumptions, as they apply to individual categories of the financial instruments, are as follows: Cash and cash equivalents — The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents are a reasonable estimate of those assets’ fair value. Investment securities — Fair values of securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable securities. Prices on trust preferred securities were calculated using a discounted cash-flow technique. Cash flows were estimated based on credit and prepayment assumptions. The present value of the projected cash flows was calculated using a discount rate equal to the current yield used to accrete the beneficial interest. Loans, net of allowance for loan loss — Market quotations are generally not available for loan portfolios. The fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows using current market inputs at which loans with similar terms and qualities would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality. Accrued interest receivable — The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of these assets fair value. Demand and savings deposits — Demand, savings, and money market deposit accounts are valued at the amount payable on demand. Time deposits — The fair value of certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates are estimated using market rates currently offered for similar instruments with similar remaining maturities. FHLB advances — The fair value for fixed rate advances is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates at which advances would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. The fair value for the fixed rate advances that are convertible to quarterly LIBOR floating rate advances on or after certain specified dates at the option of the FHLB and the FHLB fixed rate advances that are putable on or after certain specified dates at the option of the FHLB are priced using the FHLB of Cincinnati’s model. Other short term borrowings — Other short term borrowings generally have an original term to maturity of one year or less. Consequently, their carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value. Subordinated debt — The carrying amount for the subordinated debt is a reasonable estimate of the debts’ fair value due to the fact the debt floats based on LIBOR and resets quarterly. Accrued interest payable — The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of these liabilities fair value. The fair value of unrecorded commitments at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 is not material. In addition, other assets and liabilities of the Company that are not defined as financial instruments are not included in the disclosures, such as property and equipment. Also, non-financial instruments typically not recognized in financial statements nevertheless may have value but are not included in the above disclosures. These include, among other items, the estimated earning power of core deposit accounts, the trained work force, customer goodwill and similar items. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company. (Continued) 37 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE (Continued) The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows: (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 December 31, 2008 Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment securities available for sale . . . . . . . . . Investment securities held to maturity . . . . . . . . . Loans, net of allowance for loan losses . . . . . . . . Accrued interest receivable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIABILITIES Demand and savings deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FHLB advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other short term borrowings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued interest payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 44,823 141,273 30,651 245,811 2,112 $122,704 164,791 56,500 6,866 5,155 725 NOTE 13 - REGULATORY MATTERS $ 44,823 141,273 31,490 250,913 2,112 $122,704 168,947 59,805 6,866 5,155 725 $ 26,843 121,348 70,406 243,547 2,637 $203,682 176,271 62,500 5,648 5,155 967 $ 26,843 121,348 71,210 248,267 2,637 $203,682 180,431 67,889 5,648 5,155 967 The Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain: (1) a minimum ratio of 4% both for total Tier I risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets and for Tier I risk-based capital to average assets, and (2) a minimum ratio of 8% for total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets. (Continued) 38 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 13 - REGULATORY MATTERS (Continued) Under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company is categorized as well capitalized, which requires minimum capital ratios of 10% for total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets, 6% for Tier I risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets and 5% for Tier I risk-based capital to average assets (also known as the leverage ratio). There are no conditions or events since the most recent communication from regulators that management believes would change the Company’s capital classification. (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 December 31, 2008 Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Total Risk-Based Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ratio to Risk-Weighted Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ratio to Risk-Weighted Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ratio to Average Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tier I Risk-Based Capital $48,526 $46,015 $54,521 $52,045 13.22% 12.54% 9.09% 17.15% 16.37% 10.58% Tier I risk-based capital is shareholders’ equity, noncumulative and cumulative perpetual preferred stock, qualifying trust preferred securities and non-controlling interests less intangibles and the unrealized market value adjustment of investment securities available for sale. Total risk-based capital is Tier I risk-based capital plus the qualifying portion of the allowance for loan losses. Assets and certain off balance sheet items adjusted in accordance with risk classification comprise risk-weighted assets of $367,083,000 and $317,861,000 as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Assets less intangibles and the net unrealized market value adjustment of investment securities available for sale averaged $506,376,000 and $492,033,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. NOTE 14 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Certain directors, executive officers and companies with whom they are affiliated were loan customers during 2009. The following is an analysis of such loans: (Amounts in thousands) Total related-party loans at December 31, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,648 742 New related-party loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (549) Repayments or other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total related-party loans at December 31, 2009. . . . . . $2,841 Deposits from executive officers, directors, and their affiliates at year-end 2009 and 2008 were $3.393 million and $3.402 million respectively. The banking relationships were made in the ordinary course of business with the Bank. (Continued) 39 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 15 - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - PARENT COMPANY Below is condensed financial information of Cortland Bancorp (parent company only). In this information, the parent’s investment in subsidiaries is stated at cost, including equity in the undistributed earnings of the subsidiaries since inception, adjusted for any unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities. BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands) December 31, 2009 2008 Assets: Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Investment securities available for sale . . . . . . . . . Investment in bank subsidiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment in non-bank subsidiary . . . . . . . . . . . . Subordinated note from subsidiary bank . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 42 32,754 15 6,000 3,059 $42,660 $ 631 166 31,934 15 6,000 2,977 $ 41,723 Liabilities: Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Subordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 5,155 $ 540 5,155 Shareholders’ equity: Common stock (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional paid-in capital (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive loss . . . . . . . . . Treasury stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,641 20,850 142 (4,131) (3,594) 36,908 $42,660 23,641 21,078 6,480 (11,078) (4,093) 36,028 $ 41,723 STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Amounts in thousands) Years ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 Dividends from bank subsidiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest and dividend income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment securities losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest on subordinated debt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 148 (124) 120 (127) (314) $1,750 319 (188) 117 (244) (272) Income (loss) before income tax and equity in undistributed earnings (loss) of subsidiaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equity in undistributed earnings (loss) of subsidiaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (297) 89 (6,127) 1,482 56 815 $ 7,000 51 110 (154) (257) 6,750 120 (2,520) Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(6,335) $2,353 $ 4,350 (Continued) 40 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 15 - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - PARENT COMPANY (Continued) STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Amounts in thousands) Years ended December 31, 2008 2009 2007 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(6,335) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from $ 2,353 $ 4,350 operating activities: Equity in undistributed net (income) loss of subsidiaries . . . . . . . . . Accretion on securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment securities losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change in other assets and liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash flows from operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,127 (12) 124 (13) (109) Cash flows from investing activities Proceeds from call, maturity and principal payments on securities . . . . Purchase of subordinated note from subsidiary bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash flows from investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from subordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividends paid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of treasury stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasury shares reissued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash flows from financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net change in cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash Beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (3) (1) 272 268 159 631 790 (815) 1 (12) 188 (101) 1,614 350 350 (3,877) (747) 998 (3,626) (1,662) 2,520 2 (12) (192) 6,668 (6,000) (6,000) 5,155 (3,899) (3,526) 946 (1,324) (656) 2,293 631 $ 2,949 $ 2,293 NOTE 16 - DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS The Bank is subject to regulations of the Ohio Division of Financial Institutions which restrict dividends to retained earnings (as defined by statute) of the current and prior two years. Under this restriction, at December 31, 2009, there would be no funds available for the payment of dividends by the Bank without seeking prior regulatory approval. In addition, regulations specify that dividend payments may not reduce capital levels below minimum regulatory guidelines. Under the Memorandum of Understanding (discussed in Note 19), the Bank must obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve prior to paying any dividends. NOTE 17 - LITIGATION The Bank is involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the outcomes from these other matters, either individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have any material effect on the Company. (Continued) 41 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 NOTE 18 - STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM On February 27, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a Stock Repurchase Program which permitted the Company to repurchase up to 100,000 shares of its outstanding common shares in the over-the- counter market or in privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Based on the value of the Company’s stock on February 27, 2007, the commitment to repurchase the stock over the program was approximately $1,715,000. On August 14, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 100,000 shares of its outstanding common shares in over-the-counter market or in privately negotiated transactions. Based on the value of the Company’s stock on August 14, 2007, the commitment to repurchase these additional shares over the program was approximately $1,635,000. On November 27, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors increased to 300,000 shares the size of its current stock buyback program by authorizing the repurchase of up to an additional 100,000 shares of its outstanding common shares in the over-the-counter market or in privately negotiated transactions. Based on the value of the Company’s stock on November 27, 2007, the commitment to repurchase these additional shares over the program was approximately $1,375,000. The repurchase program terminated on February 28, 2009. Repurchased shares are designated as treasury shares, available for general corporate purposes, including possible use in connection with the Company’s dividend reinvestment program, employee benefit plans, acquisitions or other distributions. Under the program the Company repurchased 205,986 shares in 2007, 51,817 shares in 2008 and none in 2009. The Company reissued 28,084 shares to existing shareholders through its dividend reinvestment program during 2009, net of repur- chased fractional shares. NOTE 19 - MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING As disclosed under Item 5 of the Form 10Q filing for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, Cortland Bancorp and the Cortland Savings and Banking Company, in May 2009, were presented with an informal memorandum of understanding. On May 26, 2009, the Board of Directors of Cortland Bancorp and Cortland Banks, adopted resolutions authorizing its President and Chief Executive Officer to enter into the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Federal Reserve. The MOU, was executed June 1, 2009. The Division of Financial Institutions, State of Ohio, became a party to the MOU in December 2009, when the agreement was revised. The revised MOU was executed December 31, 2009. The MOU requires the Company and Cortland Banks to obtain the Federal Reserve’s approval prior to: (i) incurring any debt; (ii) repurchasing any of its stock; or (iii) paying any dividends. The MOU also required Cortland Banks, within specified timeframes, to submit the following plans to the Federal Reserve for its approval: (i) a plan to strengthen and improve management of the overall risk exposure of the investment portfolio; (ii) a plan to maintain an adequate capital position; (iii) a plan to strengthen board oversight of the management and operations of the Bank and (iv) a plan for 2010 to improve the Bank’s earnings and overall condition. The provisions of the MOU shall remain effective and enforceable until stayed, modified, terminated or suspended by the Federal Reserve. The Company is substantially in compliance with the provisions of the MOU as of December 31, 2009. 42 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (In thousands of dollars, except for ratios and per share amounts) 2009 SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS Total Interest Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 23,623 9,234 Total Interest Expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,389 NET INTEREST INCOME (NII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (427) Provision for Loan Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,962 NII After Loss Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (14,070) Security Gains (Losses) including impairment losses . . . 265 Gain on Sale of Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,001 Total Other Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,158 INCOME BEFORE EXPENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,648 Total Other Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10,490) INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4,155) Federal Income Tax Expense (Benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME (LOSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (6,335) BALANCE SHEET DATA Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 497,299 171,924 Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,248 Total Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,437 Allowance for Loan Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387,495 Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,366 Borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,155 Subordinated Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,908 Shareholders’ Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AVERAGE BALANCES Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 498,250 176,524 Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,803 Net Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383,858 Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,155 Subordinated Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,307 Borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,073 Shareholders’ Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Years Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2006 2005 $ 27,559 12,177 15,382 (1,785) 13,597 (1,112) 30 2,941 15,456 12,815 2,641 288 2,353 $ $493,365 191,754 246,017 2,470 379,953 68,148 5,155 36,028 $488,371 223,077 226,907 361,922 5,155 70,961 45,119 $ 28,992 13,985 15,007 (40) 14,967 77 88 2,924 18,056 12,595 5,461 1,111 4,350 $ $492,694 238,622 223,109 1,621 364,788 70,413 5,155 48,824 $489,047 238,904 213,568 366,834 2,175 66,175 50,088 $ 26,497 11,582 14,915 (225) 14,690 18 106 2,711 17,525 12,021 5,504 928 4,576 $ $471,751 233,103 205,208 2,211 355,818 62,015 — 50,592 $460,359 234,969 193,648 348,581 — 59,251 49,313 $ 23,586 8,665 14,921 (545) 14,376 308 89 2,718 17,491 12,200 5,291 957 4,334 $ $459,701 234,652 188,202 2,168 350,375 58,111 — 48,325 $444,487 221,844 190,329 341,575 — 49,932 49,665 PER COMMON SHARE DATA (1) Net Income (loss), both Basic and Diluted . . . . . . . . . . $ Cash Dividends Declared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Book Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASSET QUALITY RATIOS Loans 30 days or more beyond their contractual due date as a percent of total loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonperforming Assets as a Percentage of: Total Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equity plus Allowance for Loan Losses . . . . . . . . Tier I Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FINANCIAL RATIOS Return on Average Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Return on Average Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective Tax Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Equity to Average Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equity to Asset Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tangible Equity to Tangible Asset Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . Cash Dividend Payout Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net Interest Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1.40) — 8.16 $ 0.52 0.86 8.01 $ 0.95 0.85 10.90 $ 0.99 0.84 10.92 $ 0.95 1.02 10.57 0.80% 0.57% 1.32% 2.26% 2.95% 0.98 12.39 10.59 (17.56)% (1.27) (39.61) 7.24 7.42 7.42 — 3.19 0.43 5.45 4.03 5.22% 0.48 10.90 9.24 7.30 7.29 165.38 3.49 0.63 6.17 6.38 8.68% 0.89 20.34 10.24 9.91 9.89 89.69 3.45 0.84 7.50 7.78 9.28% 0.99 16.86 10.71 10.72 10.70 84.31 3.67 0.83 7.58 7.81 8.73% 0.98 18.09 11.17 10.51 10.48 107.00 3.83 (1) Basic and diluted earnings per common share are based on weighted average shares outstanding adjusted retroactively for stock dividends. Cash dividends per common share are based on actual cash dividends declared, adjusted retroactively for the stock dividends. Book value per common share is based on shares outstanding at each period, adjusted retroactively for the stock dividends. 43 FIVE YEAR SUMMARY AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET, YIELDS AND RATES The following schedules show average balances of interest-earning and non interest-earning assets and liabilities, and Shareholders’ equity for the years indicated. Also shown are the related amounts of interest earned or paid and the related average yields or interest rates paid for the years indicated. The averages are based on daily balances. (Fully taxable equivalent basis in thousands of dollars) Interest-earning assets: Federal funds sold and other earning assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment securities: U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies and 2009 2008 Average Balance Outstanding Interest Earned or Paid Yield or Rate Average Balance Outstanding Interest Earned or Paid Yield or Rate $ 59,923 $ 155 0.3% $ 11,462 $ 200 1.8% corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,069 1,410 5.4% 55,048 3,102 5.6% U.S. Government mortgage-backed pass through certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . States of the U.S. and political subdivisions (Note 1, 2, 3) . . Other securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL INVESTMENT SECURITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans (Note 2, 3, 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,715 28,569 32,171 176,524 238,290 474,737 4,407 2,000 1,148 8,965 15,229 $24,349 4.9% 7.0% 3.6% 5.1% 6.4% 5.1% 95,737 31,827 40,465 223,077 228,440 462,979 4,852 2,235 2,394 12,583 15,557 $28,340 5.1% 7.0% 5.9% 5.6% 6.8% 6.1% Non interest-earning assets: Cash and due from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Premises and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,661 7,392 9,460 $498,250 Interest-bearing liabilities: Deposits: Interest-bearing demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Borrowings: Federal funds purchased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities sold under agreement to repurchase . . . . . . . . . . . . Subordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings under one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings over one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL BORROWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 65,266 84,933 175,153 325,352 6,218 5,155 11,285 50,804 73,462 398,814 $ 436 516 5,342 6,294 9 127 620 2,184 2,940 $ 9,234 0.7% 0.6% 3.1% 1.9% 0.1% 2.5% 5.5% 4.3% 4.0% 2.3% Non interest-bearing liabilities: Demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shareholders equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY . . . 58,506 4,857 36,073 $498,250 6,791 7,055 11,546 $488,371 $ 49,653 77,401 178,372 305,426 154 4,759 5,155 4,946 61,102 76,116 381,542 56,496 5,214 45,119 $488,371 $ 706 851 7,259 8,816 7 92 244 228 2,790 3,361 $12,177 1.4% 1.1% 4.1% 2.9% 4.5% 1.9% 4.7% 4.6% 4.6% 4.4% 3.2% Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15,115 $16,163 Net interest rate spread (Note 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net interest margin (Note 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8% 3.2% 2.9% 3.5% Note 1 – Includes both taxable and tax exempt securities. Note 2 – The amounts are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the statutory tax rate of 34%, and have been adjusted to reflect the effect of disallowed interest expense related to carrying tax exempt assets. Tax-free income from states of the U.S. and political subdivisions, and loans amounted to $166 and $1,356 for 2009, $1,530 and $166 for 2008, $1,811 and $155 for 2007, $2,045 and $192 for 2006 and $2,156 and $209 for 2005 respectively. Note 3 – Average balance outstanding includes the average amount outstanding of all nonaccrual investment securities and loans. States and political subdivisions consist of average total principal adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount less average allowance for estimated losses, and include both taxable and tax exempt securities. Loans consist of average total loans less average unearned income. 44 (Fully taxable equivalent basis in thousands of dollars) 2007 2006 2005 Average Balance Outstanding Interest Earned or Paid Yield or Rate Average Balance Outstanding Interest Earned or Paid Yield or Rate Average Balance Outstanding Interest Earned or Paid Yield or Rate $ 6,950 $ 366 5.3% $ 4,228 $ 215 5.1% $ 3,619 $ 119 3.3% 87,867 4,772 5.4% 83,615 4,257 5.1% 67,402 3,259 4.8% 4,008 2,633 2,251 13,664 15,856 $29,886 5.0% 7.0% 6.9% 5.7% 7.4% 6.5% $ 888 799 8,769 10,456 29 243 154 715 2,388 3,529 $13,985 1.9% 1.0% 4.8% 3.4% 4.8% 4.2% 7.1% 5.1% 5.2% 5.2% 3.7% 80,689 37,488 32,860 238,904 215,496 461,350 8,220 5,374 14,103 $489,047 $ 46,508 78,072 184,586 309,166 605 5,764 2,175 13,963 45,843 68,350 377,516 57,668 3,775 50,088 $489,047 3,795 2,995 1,888 12,935 14,381 $27,531 4.8% 7.1% 6.4% 5.5% 7.4% 6.3% 79,317 42,409 29,628 234,969 195,838 435,035 8,733 4,226 12,365 $460,359 84,928 44,756 24,758 221,844 192,873 418,336 9,417 4,316 12,418 $444,487 3,810 3,184 1,294 11,547 13,040 $24,706 4.5% 7.1% 5.2% 5.2% 6.8% 5.9% $ 47,415 82,845 161,050 291,310 $ 752 850 6,907 8,509 1.6% 1.0% 4.3% 2.9% $ 49,355 89,107 144,793 283,255 $ 389 647 5,123 6,159 0.8% 0.7% 3.5% 2.2% 25 158 5.3% 4.0% 365 2,525 3,073 $11,582 4.6% 5.4% 5.2% 3.3% 478 3,991 7,924 46,858 59,251 350,561 57,271 3,214 49,313 $460,359 428 2,540 599 46,365 49,932 333,187 58,320 3,315 49,665 $444,487 15 59 3.5% 2.3% 21 2,411 2,506 $ 8,665 3.5% 5.2% 5.0% 2.6% $15,901 $15,949 $16,041 2.8% 3.5% 3.0% 3.7% 3.3% 3.8% Note 4 – Interest earned on loans includes net loan fees of $245 in 2009, $263 in 2008, $219 in 2007, $291 in 2006 and $242 in 2005. Note 5 – Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Note 6 – Net interest margin is calculated by dividing the difference between total interest earned and total interest expensed by total interest-earning assets. 45 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) FINANCIAL REVIEW The following is management’s discussion and anal- ysis of the financial condition and results of opera- tions of Cortland Bancorp (the “Company”). The discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes and summary financial information included else- where in this annual report. NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking state- ments. In addition to historical information, certain information included in this discussion and other material filed or to be filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (as well as information included in oral statements or other writ- ten statements made or to be made by the Company) may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “con- templates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” or similar terminology identify forward-looking state- ments. These statements reflect management’s beliefs and assumptions, and are based on informa- tion currently available to management. Economic circumstances, the Company’s operations and actual results could differ significantly from those discussed in any forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause or contribute to such differences are changes in the economy and interest rates either nationally or in the Company’s market area, including the impact of the impairment of securities; changes in customer preferences and consumer behavior; increased competitive pressures or changes in either the nature or composition of competitors; changes in the legal and regulatory environment; changes in factors influencing liquidity such as expectations regarding the rate of inflation or deflation, currency exchange rates, and other factors influencing market volatility; unforeseen risks asso- ciated with other global economic, political and financial factors. 46 While actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements, the Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statement for any rea- son, even if new information becomes available. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operation are based upon our Consol- idated Financial Statements, which have been pre- pared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated financial state- ments requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under differ- ent assumptions or conditions. Certain accounting policies involve significant judg- ments and assumptions by management which has a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities; management considers such account- ing policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management believes the following are critical accounting policies that require the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. Accounting for the Allowance for Loan Losses The determination of the allowance for loan losses and the resulting amount of the provision for loan losses charged to operations reflects management’s current judgment about the credit quality of the loan portfolio and takes into consideration changes in lending policies and procedures, changes in eco- nomic and business conditions, changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans, changes in the experience, ability and depth of CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) lending management, changes in the volume and severity of past due nonaccrual and adversely clas- sified or graded loans, changes in the quality of the loan review system, changes in the value of under- lying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and the effect of competition, legal and regulatory requirements and other external factors. The nature of the process by which we determine the appropriate allowance for loan losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ulti- mate adequacy of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond our control, including the performance of the loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regula- tory authorities toward loan classifications. The allowance is increased by the provision for loan losses and decreased by charge-offs when manage- ment believes the uncollectibility of a loan is con- firmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any are credited to the allowance. A weakening of the economy or other factors that adversely affect asset quality could result in an increase in the number of delinquencies, bank- ruptcies or defaults and a higher level of non-per- forming assets, net charge offs, and provision for loan losses in future periods. The Company’s allowance for loan losses method- ology consists of three elements (i) specific valuation allowances based on probable losses on specific loans; (ii) valuation allowances based on historical loan loss experience for similar loans with similar characteristics and trends; and (iii) general valuation allowances based on general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. These elements support the basis for determining allocations between the various loan categories and the overall adequacy of our allowance to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. These elements are further supported by additional analysis of relevant factors such as the historical losses in the portfolio, trends in the non-performing/non-accrual loans, loan delin- quencies, the volume of the portfolio, peer group comparisons and federal regulatory policy for loan and lease losses. Other significant factors of portfolio in lending policies/ analysis changes include underwriting standards, trends in volume and terms, portfolio composition and concentrations of credit, and trends in the national and local economy. With these methodologies, a general allowance is established for each loan type based on historical losses for each loan type in the portfolio. Addition- ally, management allocates a specific allowance for “Impaired Credits”, which based on current informa- tion and events, it is probable the Company will not collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. The level of the general allowance is established to provide coverage for management’s estimate of the credit risk in the loan portfolio by various loan segments not covered by the specific allowance. The allowance for credit losses is discussed in more detail in Note 4 Allowance for Loan Losses and in Management Discussion and Analysis “Allowance for Loan Losses.” Investment Securities and Impairment The classification and accounting for investment securities are discussed in detail in Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented else- where herein. Investment securities must be classi- fied as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. The appropriate classification is based par- tially on our ability to hold the securities to maturity and largely on management’s intentions, if any, with respect to either holding or selling the securities. The classification of investment securities is significant since it directly impacts the accounting for unrealized gains and losses on securities. Unrealized gains and losses on trading securities, if any, flow directly through earnings during the periods in which they are available-for-sale arise, whereas recorded as a separate component of shareholder’s equity (accumulated other comprehensive income or loss) and do not affect earnings until realized. The fair values of our investment securities are generally determined by reference to quoted market prices and reliable independent sources. At each reporting date, we assess whether there is an “other-than-tem- to our investment securities. porary” impairment Such impairment must be recognized in current securities 47 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) earnings rather than in other comprehensive income (loss). The Company reviews investment debt securities on an ongoing basis for the presence of other-than-tem- porary impairment (OTTI) with formal reviews per- losses on individual formed quarterly. OTTI investment securities were recognized during 2009 in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 320, Invest- ments — Debt and Equity Securities. The purpose of this ASC was to provide greater clarity to investors about the credit and noncredit component of an other- than-temporary impairment event and to communi- cate more effectively when an other-than-temporary impairment event has occurred. This ASC amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance in GAAP for debt securities and improves the presen- tation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impair- ment on investment securities and changes the calculation of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings in the financial statements. This ASC does not amend existing recognition and measurement guidance related to other-than-tempo- rary impairment of equity securities. For debt securities, ASC Topic 320 requires an entity to assess whether (a) it has the intent to sell the debt security, or (b) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions is met, an other- than-temporary impairment on the security must be recognized. In instances in which a determination is made that a credit loss (defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be col- lected and the amortized cost basis) exists but the entity does not intend to sell the debt security and it is the entity will be not more likely than not that required to sell the debt security before the antici- pated recovery of its remaining amortized cost basis (i.e., the amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss), ASC Topic 320 changes the presentation and amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in the income statement. In these instances, the impairment is separated into (a) the amount of the total impairment related to the credit loss, and (b) the amount of the total impairment 48 related to all other factors. The amount of the total related to the other-than-temporary impairment credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). The total other-than-temporary impairment is pre- sented in the income statement with an offset for the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment that is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Previously, in all cases, if an impairment was determined to be other-than-temporary, an impair- ment loss was recognized in earnings in an amount equal to the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment was made. The new presentation provides additional information about the amounts that the Company does not expect to collect related to a debt security. Investment securities are discussed in more detail in Note 2 and Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and in Management Discussion and Anal- ysis on “Investment Securities” presented elsewhere herein. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is based on income reported for financial statement purposes and differs from the amount of taxes currently payable, since certain income and expense items are reported for financial statement purposes in different periods than those for tax reporting purposes. Taxes are discussed in more detail in Note 11 to the Consolidated Finan- cial Statements presented elsewhere herein. Accrued taxes represent the net estimated amount due or to be In estimating received from taxing authorities. accrued taxes, we assess the relative merits and risks of the appropriate tax treatment of transactions taking into account statutory, judicial and regulatory guid- ance in the context of our tax position. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, the objective of which is to estab- lish deferred tax assets and liabilities for the tempo- rary differences between the financial reporting basis and tax basis of our assets and liabilities at enacted CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. CERTAIN NON GAAP MEASURES Certain financial information has been determined by methods other than Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Specifically, certain financial measures are based on core earnings rather than net income. Core earnings exclude income, expense, gains and losses that either are not reflective of ongoing operations or that are not expected to reoccur with any regularity or reoccur with a high degree of uncertainty and volatility. Such information may be useful to both investors and management, and can aid them in understanding the Company’s current per- formance trends and financial condition. Core earn- ings are a supplemental tool for analysis and not a substitute for GAAP net income. Reconciliation from GAAP net income to the non-GAAP measure of core earnings is shown as part of management’s discussion and analysis of quarterly and year-to-date financial results of operations. CORPORATE PROFILE Cortland Bancorp (the “Company”) is a bank holding company headquartered in Cortland, Ohio whose principle activity is to manage, supervise and other- wise serve as a source of strength to its banking subsidiary, the Cortland Savings and Banking Com- pany (“Cortland Banks” or the “Bank”). Cortland Banks with total assets of just under $500 million at December 31, 2009, is a state char- tered bank engaged in commercial and retail banking services. The Bank offers a full range of financial services to our local communities with an ongoing strategic focus on commercial banking relationships. The Bank’s results of operations depend primarily on net interest income, which in part, is a direct result of the market interest rate environment. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income earned on interest bearing assets, and the interest paid on interest bearing liabilities. Net interest income is affected by the shape of the market yield curve, the re-pricing of interest earning assets and interest bear- ing liabilities and the pre-payment rate of mortgage related assets. Our results of operation may be affected significantly by general and local economic conditions, particularly those with respect to changes in market interest rates, credit quality, governmental policies and actions of regulatory authority. 2009 OVERVIEW Net loss for 2009 was $6,335 or $(1.40) per share, representing a decrease of $1.92 from the $0.52 per share earned in 2008. The Company’s financial results for 2009 were affected by these notable specific factors: of recognized. The (cid:129) At December 31, 2009, the Company recognized $815 impairment other-than-temporary (“OTTI”) attributable to its General Motors Cor- poration Corporate Securities with a cost basis of $2,353. Previously, at December 31, 2008, $1,251 of OTTI attributable to General Motors Corporate Securities was impairment charges were recognized due to the fact that Gen- eral Motors filed for government-assisted Chap- ter 11 bankruptcy protection on June 1, 2009. Pursuant to the reorganization, secured creditors of the newly emerged company were granted pri- ority in the liability settlement process. Unsecured creditors, such as the Company’s position in these corporate bonds, are subject to much more restric- to be determined. tive settlement options still Under this scenario, the market has priced these securities well below the par values. The Company does not expect the value to recover from this pricing level, thus it has recognized other- than- temporary impairment. (cid:129) For the twelve month period ended December 31, 2009, the Company recognized OTTI of $13,687 attributable to eighteen Collateralized Debt Obli- gations (CDO’s) with a cost basis of $21,068. The impairment charges were recognized after deter- mining the likely future cash flows of these secu- rities had been adversely impacted from previous periods. (cid:129) Insurance premiums paid to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) increased by $911. The increase is primarily due to the increase in the 49 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) rates banks pay for deposit insurance. Deposits are insured by the FDIC up to a maximum amount, which is generally $250 (in effect until Decem- ber 31, 2013) per depositor subject to aggregation rules. As an FDIC insured institution, the Bank is required to pay deposit insurance premium assess- ments to the FDIC. The FDIC adopted a Restora- tion Plan to restore the reserve ratio of the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) to 1.15%. Effective April 1, 2009, the Restoration plan provided base assess- ment In addition, under an interim rule, the FDIC imposed a five basis point emergency special assessment on insured deposi- tory institutions on June 30, 2009. The special assessment of $224 was paid in September 2009. rate adjustments. (cid:129) Loan loss reserves were bolstered at year end 2008 to account for charge-offs against the allowance and to give recognition to the economy’s steep slide into a serious and likely long lasting recession, with expectations for deterioration on credit quality arising from faltering economic and financial con- ditions. During 2009, we recorded an additional provision expense of $447. Loans considered as potential problem loans increased from $13,962 at December 31, 2008 to $16,354 at December 31, 2009. Non accrual loans however, increased from $858 at December 31, 2008 to $1,230 at Decem- ber 31, 2009. As a percent of total loans, the allowance was 0.98% at December 31, 2009 and 1.0% at December 31, 2008. Net charge-offs decreased from $936 at December 31, 2008 to $460 at December 31, 2009. Net charge-offs were 0.19% of average loans at December 31, 2009 compared to 0.41% year-over-year. Core earnings, which exclude the other-than-tempo- rary impairment charge, FDIC special assessment and certain other non recurring items, were $3,463 in 2009, compared to the $3,179 earned in 2008. Core earnings per share were $0.77 in 2009, $0.71 in 2008 and $0.95 in 2007. The following is a reconciliation between core earn- ings and earnings (loss) under generally accepted 50 accounting principles in the United States (GAAP earnings): Years Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2006 2005 2009 GAAP (loss) earnings . . $ (6,335) $2,353 $4,350 $4,576 $4,334 Impairment losses on investment securities . . . . . . . . FDIC special assessment . . . . . . . Other non-recurring items* . . . . . . . . . . Tax effect of 14,502 1,251 224 120 (142) 243 adjustments . . . . . . . (5,048) (425) 48 (83) Core earnings . . . . . . . $ 3,463 $3,179 $4,350 $4,482 $4,494 Core earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0.77 $ 0.71 $ 0.95 $ 0.99 $ 1.02 * Includes a one-time accrual for severance for former president & CEO in 2009, a one time change in tax accrual estimate made in the first quarter of 2006, and a one-time cash bonus in the third quarter of 2005 paid to the retiring CEO. Net interest margin for 2009 was 3.2% compared to 3.5% for year ended 2008. The margin decreased in 2009 compared to the same period a year ago as the yields on earning assets decreased. Trends in the mix of earning assets have resulted in a shift to a more asset sensitive balance sheet, or a balance sheet in which assets re-price more quickly than funding costs. Financial results also reflect an increase in expenses associated with the Company’s strategic growth plans. These expenses include costs for professional consulting, information system software licensing and maintenance, personnel and educational training program for the Company’s employees. Total shareholder’s equity at December 31, 2009 was $36,908 representing a ratio of equity capital to total assets of 7.4%. On a comparable basis, total share- holders equity was $36,028 at December 31, 2008 representing a ratio of equity capital to total assets of 7.3%. A component of shareholders equity is accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, which includes the net after-tax impact of unrealized gains or losses on investment securities classified as available for sale. Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) investment securities were $4,131 at December 31, 2009 as compared with net unrealized losses of $11,078 at December 31, 2008. Such unrealized losses represent the difference, net of applicable income tax effect, between the estimated fair value and amortized cost of investment securities classified as available for sale. The decrease in net unrealized losses resulted primarily from recognizing pre-tax net other-than-temporary losses of $14.5 million on col- lateralized debt obligations and corporate securities at December 31, 2009. Investment Securities are discussed in more detail in Note 2 and Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and in the Management Discussion and Analysis relative to Investment Securities presented elsewhere herein. No cash dividends were paid in 2009 on the Compa- ny’s common stock compared with $3,877 in 2008. Dividends per common share totaled $0.86 in 2008 and $0.85 in 2007. Total risk-based capital measured 13.22% at Decem- ber 31, 2009 compared to 17.15% at December 31, 2008. All capital ratios continue to register well in excess of required regulatory minimums. Return on average equity was (17.6%) in 2009 com- pared to 5.2% in 2008, while the year-over-year return on average assets measured (1.27)% compared to 0.48% in 2008. Book value per share increased by $0.15 to $8.16 from December 31, 2008 to Decem- ber 31, 2009. The price of the Company’s common stock traded in a range between a low of $3.00 and a high of $12.38, closing the year at $4.25 per share. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS growth. Financial institutions continue to be affected by sharp declines in the real estate market and con- strained financial markets. While we are taking steps to decrease and limit our exposure to problem loans, we nonetheless retain direct exposure to the residen- tial and commercial real estate markets, and we are affected by these events. BALANCE SHEET COMPOSITION The following table illustrates, during the years pre- sented, the mix of the Company’s funding sources and the assets in which those funds are invested as a percentage of the Company’s average total assets for the period indicated. Average assets totaled $498,250 in 2009 compared to $488,371 in 2008 and $489,047 in 2007. 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Sources of Funds: Deposits: Non-interest-bearing Interest-bearing Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements Long-term debt and other borrowings Subordinated debt Other non-interest-bearing liabilities Equity capital Total Uses of Funds: Loans Securities Federal funds sold, and other earning assets Bank owned life insurance Other non-interest-earning assets Total 11.8% 11.6% 11.8% 12.4% 13.1% 65.3 63.2 63.7 62.5 63.3 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.7 13.7 1.0 1.0 7.2 13.5 1.1 1.1 9.2 12.2 0.5 0.8 10.2 11.9 10.6 0.7 10.7 0.7 11.2 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 47.8% 46.8% 44.1% 42.6% 43.4% 35.4 48.9 49.9 45.7 51.0 12.0 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.6 1.4 2.4 3.2 0.9 2.5 3.0 0.8 2.5 3.4 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The Current Economic Environment. We are operating in a challenging and uncertain economic environment, including generally uncertain national conditions and local conditions in our markets. The capital and credit markets have been experiencing volatility and disruption for more than 24 months. The risks associated with our business become more acute in periods of a slowing economy or slow Deposits continue to be the Company’s primary source of funding. During 2009, the relative mix of deposits has remained steady with interest-bearing being the main source. Average non-interest bearing deposits totaled 15.2% of total average deposits in 2009 compared to 15.6% in 2008 and 15.7% in 2007. (Also see section captioned “Deposits” included else- where in the Management Discussion and Analysis.) 51 Additionally, as part of the Company’s loan review process, management routinely evaluates risks which could potentially affect the ability to collect loan balances in their entirety. Reviews of individual cred- its, aggregate account relationships or any concen- tration of credits in particular industries are subject to a detailed loan review. In addition to nonperforming loans, nonperforming assets include nonperforming investment securities, restructured loans and real estate acquired in satis- faction of debts previously contracted. Gross income that would have been recorded in 2009 on these nonperforming loans, had they been in compliance with their original terms, was $207. Interest income that actually was included in income on these loans amounted to $115. Gross income that would have been recorded in 2009 on nonperforming invest- ments, had they been in compliance with their orig- inal terms was $1,528. Income that actually was included in income on these investments amounted to $967. The following table depicts the trend in these potentially problematic asset categories. 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Nonaccrual loans: 1-4 residential mortgages Commercial mortgages Commercial loans Consumer loans Home equity loans Total Nonaccrual Loans Investment securities Other real estate owned Restructured loans $ 718 $ 237 $ 499 $ 887 $ 719 2,497 2,472 1,572 210 146 41 17 304 51 350 116 46 469 140 12 188 129 222 1,230 2,154 687 804 858 2,285 3,923 3,746 809 432 282 546 35 82 Nonperforming Assets $4,875 $2,099 $3,113 $3,958 $3,828 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The Company primarily invests funds in loans and securities. Securities had been the largest component of the Company’s mix of invested assets but in 2008 loans became the largest component and continued to be an even larger component in 2009. During 2009 average securities decreased by $46,553 or 20.9%, while average loans increased by $9,850 or 4.3%. Federal Funds sold and other earning assets compo- nents of the Company’s mix of assets increased in 2009 from 2.3% to 12.0%. The average balance increased from $11,462 to $59,923. Bank manage- ment has elected to employ a higher level of deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank which are now interest bearing to achieve a higher level of short term liquid- ity needed to support loan demand and compensate for poorly functioning credit markets. As interest rates normalize and the economy and markets stabi- lize, the Company plans to re-employ the liquidity into investments and loans. ASSET QUALITY The Company’s management regularly monitors and evaluates trends in asset quality. Loan review prac- tices and procedures require detailed monthly anal- ysis of delinquencies, nonperforming assets and other sensitive credits. Mortgage, commercial and con- sumer loans are moved to nonaccrual status once they reach 90 days past due or when analysis of a borrower’s creditworthiness indicates the collection of interest and principal is in doubt. 52 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The table below provides a number of asset quality ratios based on this data. Problem loans accounted for on a non accrual basis, which had been $2.285 million at December 31, 2007, decreased to $858 at Decem- ber 31, 2008 and then increased to $1,230 at Decem- ber 31, 2009. The ratio of non accrual loans to total loans, which was 1.02% at year end 2007, improved to 0.35% at year end 2008 and then declined to 0.50% at December 31, 2009. The total of all loans past due more than 30 days, which were in excess of $2.943 million or 1.32% of loan balances at Decem- ber 31, 2007, declined to $1.393 million or 0.57% at December 31, 2008 and increased to $1,976 or 0.80% at December 31, 2009. While non-accrual loans and past due loans increased during 2009, loans charged off, net of recoveries decreased from $630 in 2007 as compared to $936 in 2008 and $460 at December 31, 2009. The increase in net charge-offs was mostly related to commercial real estate loans. Despite improving trends in certain asset quality areas, the Company recognizes that an extraordinary amount of uncertainty currently exists regarding credit quality as a result of the rapid deterioration of the U.S. economy beginning in the final quarter of 2008. Regionally, the housing market continues to be negatively impacted by a high level of bankruptcy filings and home foreclosures, while unemployment levels continue to rise and business failures are now being reported on a more routine basis. Accordingly, loan loss reserves were bolstered in both 2009 and 2008 to account for charge-offs against the allowance and to give recognition to the economy’s steep slide into a serious and likely long lasting recession, with expectations for deterioration on credit quality aris- ing from faltering economic and financial conditions. (See additional information regarding the Company’s loans in the sections captioned “Results of Opera- tion” and “Allowance for Loan Losses”). At December 31, 2009, there were $2,154 of invest- ment securities considered to be in non-accrual sta- tus. This included the remaining book value of the Company’s investment in General Motors Corporate Securities of $287 and $1,867 of the Company’s holdings in Trust Preferred Securities. As of Decem- ber 31, 2009, the Bancorp’s management was notified that the quarterly interest payments for 19 of its thirty two investments in trust preferred securities have been placed in “payment in kind” status. Payment in kind status results in a temporary delay in the payment of interest. As a result of a delay in the collection of the interest payments, management placed these securities in non-accrual status. Current estimates indicate that the interest payment delays may exceed ten years. All the other trust preferred securities remain in accrual status. Because of this, the total of nonperforming assets more than doubled resulting in higher ratios involving nonperforming assets. Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total loans 0.50% 0.35% 1.02% 1.91% 1.99% 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets Nonperforming assets as a percentage of equity capital plus allowance for loan losses 0.98% 0.43% 0.63% 0.84% 0.83% 12.39% 5.45% 6.17% 7.50% 7.58% 53 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Analysis of Net Interest Income — Years Ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS Federal funds sold and other earning assets Investment securities(1)(2) Loans(1)(2)(3) Total interest-earning assets INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES Interest-bearing demand and money market deposits Savings Time Total interest-bearing deposits Federal funds purchased Other borrowings Subordinated debt Total interest-bearing liabilities Net interest income Net interest rate spread(4) Net interest margin(5) NET INTEREST MARGIN FOR YEAR ENDED December 31, 2009 December 31, 2008 Average Balance(1) Interest Average Rate Average Balance(1) Interest Average Rate $ 59,923 176,524 238,290 $ 155 8,965 15,229 $474,737 $24,349 $ 65,266 84,933 175,153 325,352 68,307 5,155 $ 436 516 5,342 6,294 2,813 127 $398,814 $ 9,234 $15,115 0.3% 5.1% 6.4% 5.1% 0.7% 0.6% 3.1% 1.9% 4.1% 2.5% 2.3% 2.8% 3.2% $ 11,462 223,077 228,440 $ 200 12,583 15,557 $462,979 $28,340 $ 49,653 77,401 178,372 305,426 154 70,807 5,155 $ 706 851 7,259 8,816 7 3,110 244 $381,542 $12,177 $16,163 1.8% 5.6% 6.8% 6.1% 1.4% 1.1% 4.1% 2.9% 4.5% 4.4% 4.7% 3.2% 2.9% 3.5% (1) Includes both taxable and tax exempt loans or securities. (2) Tax exempt interest is shown on a tax equivalent basis for proper comparison using a statutory federal income tax rate of 34%. (3) Includes loan origination and commitment fees. (4) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on earning assets and the rate paid on interest bearing liabilities. (5) Interest margin is calculated by dividing the difference between total interest earned and total interest expensed by total interest-earning assets. interest income, Net the principal source of the Company’s earnings, is the amount by which interest and fees generated by interest-earning assets, prima- rily loans and investment securities, exceed the inter- est cost of deposits and borrowed funds. Net interest income measured $15,115 in the year ended 2009 and $16,163 in the year ended 2008. During the recent reporting periods the net interest margin registered 3.19% in 2009 and 3.49% in 2008. The decrease in interest income, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, of $3,991 was the product of a 2.5% year-over-year increase in average earning assets and a 99 basis point decrease in interest rates earned. The decrease in interest expense was a product of a 4.5% increase in interest-bearing liabilities and an 88 basis point decrease in rates paid. The net result was a 6.5% income on a fully tax decrease in net interest 54 equivalent basis and a 30 basis point decrease in the Company’s net interest margin. Interest and dividend income on securities registered a decrease of $3,557, or 29.9%, during the year ended December 31, 2009 when compared to 2008. On a fully tax equivalent basis income on investment secu- rities decreased by $3,618, or 28.8%. The average invested balances decreased by $46,553 from the levels of a year ago. The decrease in the average balance of investment securities was accompanied by a 56 basis point decrease in the tax equivalent yield of the portfolio. The decrease in the average balance of investment securities resulted from a management decision to not reinvest all of the proceeds from called securities that were realized in 2008 and the first half of 2009. At that time management decided to start investing a portion of the liquid funds into short term investment grade securities. During the CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) year ended December 31, 2009, $51,462 in invest- ment securities were purchased while $63,872 were called by the issuer or matured and during the year ended December 31, 2008, $42,426 in investment securities were purchased while $71,463 were called by the issuer or matured. There were $3,734 in securities sold in 2009 and none in 2008. (See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Note 2, and Management Discussion and Analysis on INVEST- MENT SECURITIES). Interest and fees on loans decreased by $328 on a fully tax equivalent basis, or 2.1%, for the twelve months of 2009 compared to 2008. A $9,850 increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio, or 4.3%, was offset slightly by a 42 basis point decrease in the portfolio’s tax equivalent yield. This increase in the average loan portfolio balance is a direct result of efforts to increase market share. The Company has benefited from new loan referrals from existing cus- tomers as well as from a customer testimonial adver- tising and marketing campaign which has generated interest in the Company’s line of products and ser- vices in 2008 and into 2009. (See Notes to the Con- solidated Financial Statements, Note 3 and the section captioned “Loan Portfolio” included else- where in the Management Discussion and Analysis). Other interest income decreased by $45 from the same period a year ago. The average balance of federal funds sold and other earning assets increased by $48,461, or 422.8%. The yield decreased by 148 basis points during 2009 compared to 2008. Average interest-bearing demand deposits and money market accounts increased by $15,613, and savings increased by $7,532. The average rate paid on these products decreased by 59 basis points in the aggre- gate. The average balance of time deposit products decreased by $3,219, as the average rate paid decreased by 102 basis points, from 4.1% to 3.1%. Total interest paid on these products was $5,342, a $1,917 decrease from a year ago. (See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Note 6, Deposits and the section captioned “Deposits” included else- where in the Management Discussion and Analysis). Average borrowings, federal funds purchased and subordinated debt decreased by $2,654 while the average rate paid on borrowings decreased by 42 basis points. $6,000 in Federal Home Loan Bank borrow- ings were paid off at their due dates in the last two months of 2009. Management plans to pay down individual borrowings at their respective due dates in the future using current liquidity. (See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes 7 and 8 for information regarding borrowings and subordinated debt). 55 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) Analysis of Net Interest Income — Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS Federal funds sold and other earning assets Investment securities(1)(2) Loans(1)(2)(3) Total interest-earning assets INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES Interest-bearing demand deposits Savings Time Total interest-bearing deposits Federal funds purchased Other borrowings Subordinated debt Total interest-bearing liabilities Net interest income Net interest rate spread(4) Net interest margin(5) NET INTEREST MARGIN FOR YEAR ENDED December 31, 2008 December 31, 2007 Average Balance(1) Interest Average Rate Average Balance(1) Interest Average Rate $ 11,462 223,077 228,440 $ 200 12,583 15,557 $462,979 $28,340 $ 49,653 77,401 178,372 305,426 154 70,807 5,155 $ 706 851 7,259 8,816 7 3,110 244 $381,542 $12,177 $16,163 1.8% 5.6% 6.8% 6.1% 1.4% 1.1% 4.1% 2.9% 4.5% 4.4% 4.7% 3.2% 2.9% 3.5% $ 6,950 238,904 215,496 $ 366 13,664 15,856 $461,350 $29,886 $ 46,508 78,072 184,586 $ 888 799 8,769 309,166 605 65,570 2,175 10,456 29 3,346 154 $377,516 $13,985 $15,901 5.3% 5.7% 7.4% 6.5% 1.9% 1.0% 4.8% 3.4% 4.8% 5.1% 7.1% 3.7% 2.8% 3.5% (1) Includes both taxable and tax exempt loans or securities. (2) Tax exempt interest is shown on a tax equivalent basis for proper comparison using a statutory federal income tax rate of 34%. (3) Includes loan origination and commitment fees. (4) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on earning assets and the rate paid on interest bearing liabilities. (5) Interest margin is calculated by dividing the difference between total interest earned and total interest expensed by total interest-earning assets. interest income, Net the principal source of the Company’s earnings, is the amount by which interest and fees generated by interest-earning assets, prima- rily loans and investment securities, exceed the inter- est cost of deposits and borrowed funds. During the recent reporting period the net interest margin reg- istered 3.49% in 2008, 3.45% in 2007 and 3.67% in 2006. The increase in the net interest margin from the previous year can be attributed in part, to the decrease in cost of funds exceeding the decrease in loan yield during the year. The decrease in fully tax equivalent interest income of $1,546 was the product of a 0.4% year-over-year increase in average earning assets and a 36 basis point decrease in interest rates earned, while the decrease in interest expense was a product of a 1.1% increase in interest-bearing liabilities and a 51 basis point decrease in rates paid. The net result was a 1.6% 56 increase in net interest income on a fully tax equiv- alent basis and a 4 basis point increase in the Com- pany’s net interest margin. Interest and dividend income on securities registered a decrease of $964, or 7.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2008 when compared to 2007. On a fully tax equivalent basis, income on investment securities decreased by $1,081, or 7.9%. The average invested balances decreased by $15,827 from the levels of a year ago. The decrease in the average balance of investment securities was accompanied by an 8 basis point decrease in the tax equivalent yield of the portfolio. The decrease in the average balance of investment securities resulted from a management decision to not reinvest all of the proceeds from called securities that were realized in 2008. (See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Note 2, and Management Discussion and Analysis on INVESTMENT SECURITIES). CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) Interest and fees on loans decreased by $299 on a fully tax equivalent basis, or 1.9%, for the twelve months of 2008 compared to 2007. A $12,944 increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio, or 6.0%, was offset slightly by a 55 basis point decrease in the portfolio’s tax equivalent yield. This increase in the average loan portfolio balance is a direct result of an aggressive call program designed to increase market share. The Company has also ben- efited from new loan referrals from existing custom- ers as well as from a customer testimonial advertising and marketing campaign which has generated inter- est in the Company’s line of products and services. (See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 3 and the section captioned “Loan Portfolio” included elsewhere in the Management Discussion and Analysis). Other interest income decreased by $166 from the same period a year ago. The average balance of federal funds sold and other earning assets increased by $4,512, or 64.9%. The yield decreased by 351 basis points during 2009 compared to 2008. Average interest-bearing demand deposits and money market accounts increased by $3,145, and savings decreased by $671. The average rate paid on these products decreased by 13 basis points in the aggre- gate. The average balance on time deposit products decreased by $6,214, as the average rate paid decreased by 68 basis points, from 4.8% to 4.1%. (See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Note 6, Deposits and the section captioned “Depos- its” included elsewhere in the Management Discus- sion and Analysis). Average borrowings, federal funds purchased and subordinated debt increased by $7,766 while the average rate paid on borrowings decreased by 75 basis points. (See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes 7 and 8 for information regarding borrowings and subordinated debt). 57 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The following table provides a detailed analysis of changes in net interest income, identifying that portion of the change that is due to a change in the volume of average assets and liabilities outstanding versus that portion which is due to a change in the average yields on earning assets and average rates on interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in interest due to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each. Analysis of Net Interest Income Changes (Tax Equivalent Basis) 2009 Compared to 2008 Total Volume Rate 2008 Compared to 2007 Total Rate volume Increase (Decrease) in Interest Income: Federal funds sold and other money markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 246 $ (291) $ (45) $ 159 $ (325) $ (166) Investment Securities U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Government mortgage-backed pass- through certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . States of the U.S. and political (1,572) (120) (1,692) (1,843) 173 (1,670) (299) (146) (445) 761 83 844 subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (228) (407) 654 (7) (839) (982) (235) (1,246) (328) (398) 476 921 (333) (1,220) (398) 143 (299) Total Interest Income Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,606) (2,385) (3,991) 76 (1,622) (1,546) Increase (Decrease) in Interest Expense: Interest-bearing demand deposits. . . . . . . . . Savings deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal funds purchased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities sold under agreements to repurchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings under one year . . . . . . . . Other borrowings over one year . . . . . . . . . Subordinated debt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 76 (129) (3) 22 341 (450) 0 (448) (411) (1,788) (4) (270) (335) (1,917) (7) (105) 51 (156) (117) (83) 392 (606) (117) 57 (7) (287) (21) (36) (422) 723 155 (239) 59 (1,223) (1) (182) 52 (1,510) (22) (115) (65) (321) (65) (151) (487) 402 90 Total Interest Expense Change . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 (2,978) (2,943) 162 (1,970) (1,808) Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Income on a Taxable Equivalent Basis . . . . . . . . . $(1,641) $ 593 $(1,048) $ (86) $ 348 $ 262 58 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) Analysis of Other Income, Other Expense and Federal Income Tax decline in mortgage interest rates during the fourth quarter of 2008 and 2009. Other Income 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 $ 2,298 $ 2,314 30 265 $2,307 88 $2,239 106 $2,254 89 15 43 (1) (47) (3) 553 135 537 47 521 97 433 86 341 126 3,266 2,971 3,012 2,817 2,807 432 139 77 18 308 (14,502) (1,251) Fees for other customer services Gain on sale of loans Other real estate gains (losses) Earnings on bank owned life insurance Other operating income Other income excluding investment (losses) gains Investment securities net gains (losses) Impairment losses on investment securities Total other income (loss) $(10,804) $ 1,859 $3,089 $2,835 $3,115 Total other income, excluding investment gains or losses increased by $295 or 9.9% for 2009 compared to a decrease of $41 for 2008. After impairment losses and gains on investment securities, other income decreased by $12,663 in 2009 compared to a decrease of $1,230 in 2008. Fees for customer services decreased by $16, or 0.7%, compared to an increase of $7 or 0.3% in the prior year. In November 2009, the Federal Reserve Board issued a final rule that, effective July 1, 2010, prohibits financial institutions from charging consumers fees for paying overdrafts on automated teller machine and one-time debit card transactions, unless a consumer consents, or opts in, to the overdraft service for those types of transactions. Consumers must be provided a notice that explains the financial institution’s overdraft services, including the fees associated with the service, and the consumer’s choices. Because the Banks’ customers must provide advance consent to the overdraft service for automated teller machine and one-time debit card transactions, the Company cannot provide any assur- ance as to the ultimate impact of this rule on the amount of overdraft/insufficient funds charges reported in future periods. Loans originated for sale in the secondary market showed gains of $265 in 2009, compared to $30 and $88 in 2008 and 2007, respectively. This increase in loan sales activity for the year ended 2009 as compared to 2008 is attributable to the significant Gains on securities called and net gains on the sale of available for sale investment securities increased by $293 from year ago levels compared to an increase of $62 in 2008. With rates falling, the U.S. Government agencies and corporations elected to call an increasing number of issues. Gains in 2009 were offset by a $14,502 impairment loss attributable to Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO’s), representing pools of trust preferred debt primarily issued by bank holding com- panies, and insurance companies and General Motors bonds. (See Note 2 — Investment Securities). Non-Interest Expense 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 $ 7,434 $ 7,156 $ 7,199 $ 6,776 $ 7,052 1,849 415 962 357 1,957 552 51 368 1,871 580 42 396 1,811 552 43 367 1,870 548 46 338 458 460 443 486 427 2,173 2,271 2,064 1,986 1,919 Salaries and benefits Net occupancy and equipment expense State and local taxes FDIC expense Office supplies Bank exam and audit Other operating expense Total other expenses $13,648 $12,815 $12,595 $12,021 $12,200 Total other expenses increased by $833 or 6.5% in 2009. This compares to an increase of $220 or 1.7% in 2008. During 2009, expenditures for salaries and employee benefits increased by $278 or 3.9%. This increase is a combination of regular staff salary and benefit increases and a one time accrual of $120 for cash severance to the former President and Chief Executive Officer. Full-time equivalent employment averaged 160 in 2009 compared to 161 in 2008. In 2008 these expenditures decreased by $43 or 0.6%. This was also due to salary and benefit increases and a decrease in full-time equivalent employees from 164 in 2007 to 161 in 2008. Insurance premiums paid to the FDIC increased by $911. The increase is primarily due to the increase in the rates banks pay for deposit insurance. Deposits are insured by the FDIC up to a maximum amount, which is generally $250 (in effect until December 31, 2013) per depositor subject to aggregation rules. As an FDIC-insured institution, the Bank is required to 59 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) pay deposit insurance premium assessments to the FDIC. The FDIC adopted a Restoration Plan to restore the reserve ratio of the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) to 1.15%. Effective April 1, 2009, the Restoration Plan provides base assessment rate adjustments. In addition, under an interim rule, the FDIC imposed a five basis point emergency special assessment on insured depository institutions on June 30, 2009. The special assessment of $224 was payable on September 30, 2009. The Company anticipates its FDIC insurance expense will continue to adversely impact operating expenses in future years. Salaries and employee benefits represented 54.5% of all non-interest expenses in 2009, 55.8% in 2008 and 57.2% in 2007. Salaries and employee benefits increased by $423 in 2007 followed by a decrease of $43 in 2008 and an increase of $278 in 2009. The following details components of these increases or decreases: Analysis of Changes in Salaries & Benefits Salaries Benefits Deferred Loan Origination Fees Amounts 2007 $252 145 397 26 2008 $(148) 115 (33) (10) 2009 $135 109 244 34 2006 2005 2009 2008 Percent 2007 2006 2005 $(176) (77) $317 (29) 2.5% (2.7)% 4.7% (3.2)% 6.1% 5.8 (1.7) (4.6) 9.0 6.5 (253) (23) 288 42 3.3 23.4 (0.4) (7.4) 5.7 16.1 (3.5) (16.7) 4.2 23.3 $278 $ (43) $423 $(276) $330 3.9% (0.6)% 6.2% (3.9)% 4.9% Wage and salary expense per employee averaged $34,762 in 2009 $33,708 in 2008 and $33,994 in 2007. Full-time equivalent employment averaged 160 employees in 2009, 161 employees in 2008 and 164 employees in 2007. Average earning assets per employee measured $2,967 in 2009, $2,876 in 2008 and $2,813 in 2007. Income (loss) before income tax expense amounted to $(10,490) for the year ended 2009 compared to $2,641 and $5,461 for the similar periods of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The effective tax rate was (39.6%) in 2009, 10.9% in 2008 and 20.3% in 2007, resulting in income tax expense (benefit) of $(4,155), $288 and $1,111, respectively. The variation in the effective tax rate occurs as a result of the declining income without any substantial change in non-taxable income. 2009 2008 December 31, 2007 2006 2005 Provision at statutory rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(3,567) Add (Deduct): Tax effect of non-taxable income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax effect of non-deductible expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax effect of change in estimate* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (655) 67 $ 898 $1,857 $1,871 $1,798 (695) 85 (846) 100 (909) 111 (145) (921) 80 Federal income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(4,155) $ 288 $1,111 $ 928 $ 957 * One time adjustment to tax accrual estimate Net (loss) income registered $(6,335) in 2009, $2,353 in 2008 and $4,350 in 2007 representing per share amounts of $(1.40) in 2009, $0.52 in 2008 and $0.95 in 2007. Dividends declared per share were $0.86 in 2008, $0.85 in 2007 and none paid in 2009. Per share amounts have been restated to give retroactive effect to the 1% common stock dividend of January 1, 2009, and the 1% stock dividend declared on March 9, 2009. 60 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The following table shows financial results by quarter for the years ending December 31, 2009 and 2008: FINANCIAL RESULTS BY QUARTER (Unaudited) Interest Income Interest Expense Net Interest Income Loan Loss Provision Net Security Gains Impairment losses Net Gain on Loans Other real estate (losses) gains Other Income Other Expenses Income (loss) Before Tax Federal Income Tax expense (benefit) Net Income (loss) Dec. 31 $ 5,681 1,973 3,708 (90) 255 (512) 32 771 (3,428) 736 93 643 $ $ 0.14 Net Income (loss) Per Share Net Interest Income (fully taxable equivalent basis) $ 3,895 3.1% Net Interest Rate Spread 3.3% Net Interest Margin ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES 2009 For the Quarter Ended Sept. 30 June 30 March 31 $ 5,701 2,248 $ 5,821 2,432 $ 6,420 2,581 3,453 (121) 8 (2,471) 43 752 (3,383) (1,719) (736) $ (983) $ (0.22) $ 3,628 2.8% 3.1% 3,389 (65) 82 (7,852) 119 29 707 (3,557) (7,148) (2,550) $(4,598) $ (1.01) $ 3,566 2.7% 3.0% 3,839 (151) 87 (3,667) 71 (14) 756 (3,280) (2,359) (962) $(1,397) $ (0.31) $ 4,026 3.0% 3.4% 2008 For the Quarter Ended Sept. 30 June 30 $ 6,849 2,921 $ 6,844 3,051 3,928 (105) 34 4 (2) 762 (3,258) 1,363 285 $ 1,078 $ 0.24 $ 4,123 3.1% 3.6% 3,793 (315) 9 11 — 728 (3,257) 969 164 805 $ $ 0.18 $ 3,990 2.9% 3.4% March 31 $ 7,066 3,389 3,677 (75) 73 10 51 737 (3,157) 1,316 282 $ 1,034 $ 0.23 $ 3,874 2.7% 3.3% Dec. 31 $ 6,800 2,816 3,984 (1,290) 23 (1,251) 5 (6) 671 (3,143) (1,007) (443) $ (564) $ (0.13) $ 4,176 3.1% 3.6% The allowance for loan losses is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses that have been incurred within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses on risks inherent in the loan portfolio. Accordingly, the methodology is based on historical loss experience by type of credit and internal risk grade, specific homogeneous risk pools, and specific loss allocations, with adjustments for current events and conditions. The Company’s process for determining the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses is designed to account for credit deterioration as it occurs. The Company’s allowance for loan loss methodology consists of three elements: (i) specific valuation allowances on probable losses on specific loans; (ii) historical valuation allowances based on historical loan loss experience for similar loans with similar characteristics and trends; and (iii) general valuation allowances based on general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. The allowances established for probable losses on specific loans are based on a recurring analyses and evaluations of classified loans. Loans are categorized into risk grade classifications based on an internal credit risk grading process that evaluates, among other things: (i) the obligor’s ability to repay; (ii) the underlying collateral, if any; and (iii) the economic environment and industry in which the borrower operates. The Bank currently breaks the loan and lease portfolio into the following major categories. 1) Pooled Loans with similar risk characteristics; 2) Substandard Loans defined as being inadequately protected by current sound net worth, paying capacity of the borrower, or pledged collateral; 3) Special Mention defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credit or the Bank’s credit position; 4) Loss or doubtful loans have all the weaknesses of a classified loan, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable; 5) Impaired Loans which generally include non-accrual loans. Once 61 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) a loan is assigned a risk grade of classified, the loan review officer assesses whether the loan is to be evaluated for impairment based on the Company policy. A portion of the allowance for loan loss is specifically allocated to those loans which are evaluated for impairment and determined to be impaired. Specific valuation allowances are determined by analyzing the borrower’s ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower’s industry, among other things. If after review, the loan is not considered to be impaired, the loan is included with a pool of similar loans that is assigned a valuation allowance calculated based on the historical loss experience of the pool type. The valuation allowance is calculated based on the historical loss experience of specific types of classified loans. The Company calculates historical loss ratios for pools of loans with similar characteristics based on the proportion of actual charge-offs experienced to the total population of loans in the pool. The historical loss ratios are periodically updated based on actual charge-off experience. A general valuation allowance is established for pools of homogeneous loans based upon the product of the historical loss ratio adjusted for qualitative factors and the total dollar amount of the loans in the pool. Specific qualitative factors considered by management include trends in volume or terms, changes in lending policy levels and trends in charge-offs, classification and non-accrual loans, concentrations of credit and local and national economic factors. The Company’s pools of similar loans include similarly risk-graded groups of commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and 1-4 family residential mortgages. Additional factors are used on pools of loans considered special mention; specifically, levels and trends in classification, declining trends in financial performance, structure and lack of performance measures and migration from special mention to substandard. For loans graded as substandard, a separate historical loss is calculated as a percent of charge-offs net of recoveries to the balance of substandard loans, which results in a significantly higher historical loss factor. This is also adjusted for the qualitative factors discussed previously. Loans identified as losses by management, internal loan review and/or bank examiners are charged-off. Furthermore, consumer loan accounts are charged-off in accordance with regulatory requirements. The Company maintains an allowance for losses on unfunded commercial lending commitments to provide for the risk of loss inherent in these arrangements. The allowance is computed using a methodology similar to that used to determine the allowance for loan losses. This allowance is reported as a liability on the balance sheet within accrued expenses and other liabilities, while the corresponding provision for these losses is recorded as a component of other expense. At December 31, 2009 the allowance was set at $74. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate adequacy of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications. Although we believe we use the best information available to make loan loss allowance determinations, future adjustments could be necessary if circumstances or economic conditions differ substantially from the assump- tions used in making our initial determinations. Continued levels of job loss and high unemployment, home foreclosures and business failures could result in increased levels of nonperforming assets and charge-offs, increased loan loss provisions and reductions in income. Additionally, as an integral part of their examination process, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance for loan losses. The banking agencies could require the recognition of additions to the loan loss allowance based on their judgment of information available to them at the time of their examination. 62 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loan losses: 1-4 family residential mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer and other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Home equity loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recoveries on previous loan losses: 1-4 family residential mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer and other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 $ 2,470 $ 1,621 $ 2,211 $ 2,168 $ 2,629 (87) (233) (198) (5) (97) (620) 1 55 100 4 160 (184) (624) (255) (20) (17) (1,100) 3 126 35 164 (92) (395) (232) (1) (8) (728) 5 92 1 98 (29) (20) (199) (40) (87) (734) (203) (89) (6) (288) (1,119) 99 7 106 100 13 113 Net loan losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision charged to operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (460) 427 (936) 1,785 (630) (182) (1,006) 40 225 545 Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,437 $ 2,470 $ 1,621 $ 2,211 $ 2,168 Ratio of net loan losses to average net loans outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20% 0.42% 0.29% 0.09% 0.53% Ratio of loan loss allowance to total loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.98% 1.00% 0.73% 1.08% 1.15% The spike in charge-offs during 2005 and 2008 primarily reflected certain impaired commercial loan credits for which specific loss reserves had been established. The following is an allocation of the year end allowance for loan losses. The allowance has been allocated according to the amount deemed to be reasonably necessary to provide for the possibility of losses being incurred within the following categories of loans as of December 31, for the years indicated: 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Types of Loans 1-4 family residential mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 215 1,659 Commercial mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Consumer and other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Commercial loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Home equity loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,437 $ 287 1,663 226 257 37 $2,470 $ 258 954 214 194 1 $1,621 $ 209 1,441 183 376 2 $2,211 $ 243 1,397 160 364 4 $2,168 The allocation of allowance for loan was fairly consistent from 2008 to 2009. During 2008, the reserve allocated to all categories of loans increased compared to 2007, particularly on commercial mortgages and commercial loans primarily due in part to an increase in net charge-offs in 2008 and an increase in provision expense on non impaired loan balances to give recognition to management’s assessment of the increased credit risk in the commercial real estate and commercial loan portfolios and a rapidly deteriorating economic environment. The allocations of the allowance as shown in the table above should not be interpreted as an indication that future loan losses will occur in the same proportions or that the allocations indicate future loan loss trends. Furthermore, the portion allocated to each loan category is not the total amount available for future losses that might occur within such categories since the total allowance is applicable to the entire portfolio, and allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude availability to absorb losses in other categories. 63 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) LOAN PORTFOLIO The following table represents the composition of the loan portfolio as of December 31, for the years indicated: 2009 2007 Balance % Balance % Balance % Balance % Balance % 2005 2006 2008 Types of Loans 1-4 family residential mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 60,904 24.5 51.0 Commercial mortgages . . . . . 126,507 7,770 3.1 Consumer loans . . . . . . . . . . 38,498 15.5 Commercial loans . . . . . . . . 5.9 14,569 Home equity loans . . . . . . . . 1-4 family residential loans held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . $ 68,985 28.0 52.3 128,705 8,162 3.3 27,750 11.3 5.0 12,179 $ 68,135 120,950 8,484 14,981 10,559 30.5 $ 62,882 30.6 106,160 51.7 54.3 3.8 3.8 8.5 6.7 5.3 4.7 7,745 17,505 10,807 $ 59,910 31.8 90,983 48.3 3.6 6,714 19,767 10.5 5.8 10,828 236 0.1 109 0.1 Total loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . $248,248 $246,017 $223,109 $205,208 $188,202 The following schedule sets forth maturities based on remaining scheduled repayments of principal or next repricing opportunity for loans (excluding 1-4 family and consumer loans) as of December 31, 2009: 1 Year or Less 1 to 5 Years Over 5 Years Total Types of Loans Commercial loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24,136 21,345 Commercial mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,569 Home equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total loans (excluding 1-4 family mortgage $10,356 77,838 $ 4,006 27,324 $ 38,498 126,507 14,569 and consumer loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60,050 $88,194 $31,330 $179,574 64 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The following schedule sets forth loans as of December 31, 2009 based on next re-pricing opportunity for floating and adjustable interest rate products, and by remaining scheduled principal payments for loan products with fixed rates of interest. 1-4 family and consumer loans have again been excluded. 1 Year or Less Types of Loans Floating or adjustable rates of interest . . . . . . . . $46,391 13,659 Fixed rates of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total loans (excluding 1-4 family mortgage Over 1 Year $ 95,820 23,704 Total $142,211 37,363 and consumer loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60,050 $119,524 $179,574 The Company recorded an increase of $2,231 in the loan portfolio from the level of $246,017 recorded at December 31, 2008. Gross loans as a percentage of earning assets stood at 54.3% as of December 31, 2009 and 53.9% at December 31, 2008. The loan to deposit ratio at the end of 2009 was 64.1% as com- pared to 64.7% for the same period a year ago. The increase in loans has primarily resulted from efforts designed to increase market share. The Company has benefited from new loan referrals from existing cus- tomers as well as from a customer testimonial adver- tising and marketing campaign which has generated interest in the Company’s line of products and ser- vices. At December 31, 2009 the loan loss allowance of $2,437 represented approximately 1.0% of out- standing loans, and at December 31, 2008, the loan loss allowance of $2,470 also represented approxi- mately 1.0% of outstanding loans. Between 2008 and 2009, the balance of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans declined from 28.0% to 24.5% of the loan portfolio. The portion of the loan portfolio represented by commercial loans (including commercial real estate) increased from 63.6% in 2008 to 66.5% in 2009. Consumer loans (including home equity loans) increased from 8.3% in 2008 to 9.0% in 2009. loans and commercial loans comprised a combined 91.0% of the portfolio, compared to 90.9% five years ago. Home equity loans at 5.9% and consumer installment at 3.1% comprise the remainder of the portfolio in 2009. LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION (In Percentages) Consumer 3.1 Home Equity 5.9 Home Equity 5.9 1-4 Family Mortgages 31.9 Consumer 3.2 1-4 Family Mortgages 24.5 Commercial 66.5 2009 Commercial 59.0 2004 For fiscal year ended 2009, approximately $19,300 in new mortgage loans were originated by the Company, an increase of approximately $11,100 from 2008 originations. The following shows the disposition of mortgage loans originated during 2005 to 2009 (in millions): 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Retained in Portfolio . . . . . . . $ 4.2 $6.2 $10.1 $8.3 $7.6 Commercial real estate and 1-4 residential loans continue to comprise the largest share of the Com- pany’s loan portfolio. At the end of 2009, residential Loans Sold to Investors with Servicing Rights Released . . . . . . . $15.1 $2.0 $ 6.2 $6.9 $6.6 65 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The Company’s product offerings continue to include a service released sales program, which extends the Company the ability to offer competitive long-term fixed interest rates without incurring additional credit or interest rate risk. During 2009, the Company sold more residential mortgage loans under the service release sales pro- gram and retained fewer portfolio loans in compar- ison to 2008 totals. This increase in loan sales activity in 2009 is attributable to a significant decline in mortgage interest rates. Mortgage loan originations are typically qualified for sale to investors in the secondary market, but are occasionally retained in the portfolio when requested by a customer or to enhance account relationships for certain customers. The mix of portfolio retained to those sold to investors will vary from year to year. The Bank continues to be active in home equity financing. Home Equity term loans and credit lines (HELOC’s) remain popular with consumers wishing to finance home improvement costs, education expenses, vacations and consumer goods purchased at favorable interest rates. In order to improve customer retention and provide better overall balance, management will continue to evaluate and reposition the Company’s portfolio product offerings during 2010. The balance of the commercial loan portfolio, which includes commercial mortgages, as of December 31, 2009 was $165,005, an increase of $8,550 from the balance of $156,455 recorded at December 31, 2008. Short term, asset based commercial loans including lines of credit increased during the year. This was a direct result of commercial customers utilizing their commercial lines of credit more during 2009 and as a result of a single 90 day term commercial loan that was closed in December 2008 for $7,755 that was fully secured by a segregated deposit account with the Bank and two short term 60 day commercial loans closed in December 2009 totaling $12,500 that were also fully secured by segregated deposit accounts with the Bank. The increase also resulted from a program designed to increase market share. The Company has also benefited from new loan referrals 66 from existing customers as well as from a customer testimonial advertising and marketing campaign which has generated interest in the Company’s line of products and services. Loan personnel will continue to aggressively pursue both commercial and small business opportunities supported by product incentives and marketing efforts. When necessary, management will continue to offer competitive fixed rate commercial real estate to products to qualifying customers in an effort establish new business relationships, retain existing relationships, and capture additional market share. The Bank’s lending function continues to provide business services to a wide array of medium and small businesses, including but not limited to com- mercial and residential real estate builders, health care facilities, grocery stores, manufacturers, truck- ing companies, physicians and medical groups, ser- vice contractors, restaurants, hospitality industry companies, retailers, wholesalers, as well as educa- tional institutions and other political subdivisions. Commercial and small business loans are originated by loan personnel assigned to the Community Bank- ing offices and various geographical regions. These loans are all processed in accordance with established business loan underwriting standards and practices. The following table provides an overview of com- mercial loans by various business sectors reflecting the areas of largest concentration. It should be noted that these are open balances and do not reflect exist- ing commitments that may be currently outstanding but unfunded. Commercial Loan Concentrations Sector 2009 2008 Balances % of Portfolio Balances % of Portfolio Hotels/Motels . . . . . . $20,805 Eating 12.61% $19,130 12.26% Establishments . . . . 14,519 8.80% 13,825 8.86% Non Residential Bldg/Apt Bldg . . . . 14,594 8.84% 11,371 7.29% Steel Related Industries . . . . . . . 11,726 7.11% 12,276 7.87% The single largest customer relationship had an aggregate balance at year end of $12,191 compared CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) to $11,124 in 2008. This balance represented approx- imately 7.4% of the total commercial portfolio com- pared to 7.1% in 2008. It is important to note that within this relationship, there is a short term 90 day note for $7,500 in 2008 and a short term 60 day note for $8,650 in 2009, that are fully secured by segre- gated deposit accounts with the Bank. In the consumer lending area, the Company provides financing for a variety of consumer purchases; fixed rate amortizing mortgage products that consumers utilize for home improvements; the purchase of con- sumer goods of all types; education, travel and other personal expenditures. The consolidation of credit card balances and other existing debt into term pay- outs continue to remain a popular financing option among consumers. Additional information regarding the loan portfolio can be found in the Notes to the Consolidated Finan- cial Statements (NOTES 1, 3, 9, 12 and 14). INVESTMENT SECURITIES Investment securities are segregated into three sepa- rate portfolios: held to maturity, available for sale and trading. Each portfolio type has its own method of accounting. The Company currently does not main- tain a trading portfolio. Held to maturity securities are recorded at historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Securities designated by the Company as held to maturity tend to be higher yield- ing but less liquid either due to maturity, size or other characteristics of the issue. The Company must have both the intent and the ability to hold such securities to maturity. Securities classified as available for sale are those that could be sold for liquidity, investment manage- ment, or similar reasons even though management has no present intentions to do so. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value using the specific identification method. Changes in the unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities are recorded net of tax effect as a component of com- prehensive income. Securities the Company has designated as available for sale may be sold prior to maturity in order to fund loan demand, to adjust for interest rate sensitivity, to reallocate bank resources, or to reposition the port- folio to reflect changing economic conditions and shifts in the relative values of market sectors. Avail- able for sale securities tend to be more liquid invest- ments and generally exhibit less price volatility as interest rates fluctuate. Securities are evaluated periodically to determine whether a decline in their value is other-than-tempo- rary. Management utilizes criteria such as the mag- nitude and duration of the decline, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other-than-temporary. The “other- than-temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospect for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be an other-than-temporary impair- ment (OTTI), the credit related OTTI is recognized in earnings while the non-credit related OTTI on securities not expected to be sold is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). 67 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The following table shows the book value of investment securities by type of obligation at the dates indicated: 2009 2008 December 31, 2007 2006 2005 U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 26,673 $ 44,903 $ 83,995 $ 86,682 $ 80,053 U.S. Government mortgage-backed pass- through certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,496 96,730 83,654 73,921 82,992 States of the U.S. and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,595 30,124 32,762 40,807 44,714 Trust preferred pool/collateralized debt obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulatory stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,124 287 3,749 15,146 1,102 3,749 32,598 2,032 3,581 25,897 2,215 3,581 21,953 1,547 3,393 $171,924 $191,754 $238,622 $233,103 $234,652 Impairment Analysis of Investment Securities Note 2 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contains the accounting and disclosures for securities impairment pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 320, Investments — Debt and Equity Securities. Fair Value The Company owns 32 collateralized debt obligation securities totaling $35,143 (par value) that are backed by trust preferred securities issued by banks, thrifts, insurance companies and real estate investment trusts, (TRUP CDOs). The market for these securities at December 31, 2009 is not active and markets for similar securities are also not active. Given conditions in the debt markets today and the absence of observable transactions in the secondary and new issue markets, the Company determined the few observable transactions and market quotations that are available are not reliable for purposes of determining fair value at December 31, 2009. It was decided that an income valuation approach technique (present value technique) that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs would be more representative of fair value than the market approach valuation technique used at prior measurement dates. The Company enlisted the aid of an independent third party to perform the TRUP CDO valuations. The approach to determining fair value involved the following process: 1. Estimate the credit quality of the collateral using average probability of default values for each issuer (adjusted for rating levels). 2. Consider the potential for correlation among issuers within the same industry for default probabilities (e.g. banks with other banks). 3. Forecast the cash flows for the underlying collateral and apply to each CDO tranche to determine the resulting distribution among the securities. 4. Discount the expected cash flows to calculate the present value of the security. 68 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) 5. The effective discount rates on an overall basis generally range from 9.84% to 63.91% and are highly dependent upon the credit quality of the collateral, the relative position of the tranche in the capital structure of the CDO and the prepayment assumptions. Based upon the results of the analysis, the Company currently believes that a weighted average price of approximately $0.34 per $1.00 of par value is representative of the fair value of the 32 trust preferred securities. The Company considered all information available as of December 31, 2009 to estimate the impairment and resulting fair value of the CDO’S. The CDO’S are supported by a number of banks and insurance companies located throughout the country. The FDIC has recently indicated that there are many institutions still considered troubled banks even after the numerous failures in 2009. If the conditions of the underlying banks in the CDO’S worsen, there may be additional impairment to recognize in 2010 or later. 69 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) A summary of securities held at December 31, 2009, classified according to the earlier of next re-pricing or the maturity date and the weighted average yield for each range of maturities, is set forth below. Fixed rate mortgage- backed securities are classified by their estimated contractual cash flow, adjusted for current prepayment assumptions. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Type and Maturity or Re-pricing Grouping December 31, 2009 Book Value Weighted Average Yield(1) U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies and corporations: Maturing or repricing within one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5,096 — Maturing or repricing after one year but within five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,306 Maturing or repricing after five years but within ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,271 Maturing or repricing after ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies and corporations . . . . $ 26,673 U.S. Government mortgage-backed pass-through certificates, REMICS & CMO’s: Maturing or repricing within one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 32,710 51,302 Maturing or repricing after one year but within five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,757 Maturing or repricing after five years but within ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,727 Maturing or repricing after ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total U.S. Government mortgage-backed pass-through certificates, REMICS & CMO’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,496 States of the U.S. and political subdivisions: Maturing or repricing within one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Maturing or repricing after one year but within five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maturing or repricing after five years but within ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maturing or repricing after ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 1,024 10,343 16,573 Total States of the U.S. and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 28,595 Other securities: Maturing or repricing within one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10,367 487 Maturing or repricing after one year but within five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Maturing or repricing after five years but within ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,264 Maturing or repricing after ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 16,160 4.505% — 4.584 5.791 4.988% 4.397% 4.552 4.446 4.380 4.482% 8.097% 6.673 7.005 7.117 7.083% 2.002% 0.000 0.000 3.269 2.349% (1) The weighted average yield has been computed by dividing the total interest income adjusted for amortization of premium or accretion of discount over the life of the security by the amortized cost of the securities outstanding. The weighted average yield of tax-exempt obligations of states of the U.S. and political subdivisions has been calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis. The amounts of adjustments to interest which are based on the statutory tax rate of 34% were $18, $21, $222 and $354 for the four ranges of maturities, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, there were $6,015 in callable U.S. Government Agencies, and $13,023 in callable obligations of states and political subdi- visions that given current and expected interest rate environments are likely to be called within the one year time horizon. These securities are categorized according to their contractual maturities, with $370 classified as maturing after one year but within five years, $8,226 classified as maturing after five years but within ten years and $10,442 classified as matur- ing after 10 years. Additionally, as of December 31, 2009, there were $13,324 in callable U.S. Government Agencies, $9,412 in callable obligations of states and political subdivisions that given current and expected interest 70 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) rate environments having the possibility of being called within the time frame defined as after one year but within five years. These securities are cat- egorized according to their contractual maturities, with $12,944 maturing after five years but within ten years and $9,692 maturing after 10 years. As of December 31, 2009, the carrying value of all investment securities, both available for sale and held to maturity, totaled $171,924, a decrease of $19,830 or 10.3% from the prior year. The Bank’s manage- ment elected not to reinvest all of the proceeds from called securities that were realized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2009. Instead, a portion was used to lower the level of public fund jumbo certificates of deposit, pay off FHLB of Cincinnati advances, increase Federal Reserve Bank balances and fund commercial loans. The investment portfolio represented 44.4% of each deposit dollar, down from 50.5% of year end levels. The allocation between single maturity investment securities and mortgage- backed securities shifted to a 40/60 split versus the 49/51 division of the previous year, as mortgage- backed securities increased by $3,766 or 3.9%. Holdings of obligations of states and political sub- divisions showed a decrease of 1,529 or 5.1%, as numerous bonds were called during the year. agencies Amortization of purchase premium resulted in the decrease of holdings of U.S. Treasury securities by approximately $4, or 3.0%. Investments in U.S. gov- and sponsored corporations ernment decreased by approximately $18,226 or 40.7%. Hold- ings of Corporate securities decreased by $815 com- prised entirely of other-than-temporary losses on General Motors Corporation Corporate securities with a cost basis of $1,102. Holdings of Trust preferred pool/collateralized debt obligations decreased by $3,022. The Company rec- ognized $13,687 of other-than-temporary losses on its trust preferred pool/collateralized debt obligations that flowed through non-interest income. The change in losses recorded in other comprehensive income decreased by $10,510. Holdings of other securities remained flat during the year. The mix of mortgage-backed securities remained weighted in favor of fixed rate securities in 2009. The portion of the mortgage-backed portfolio allo- cated to fixed rate securities rose to 87% in 2009 versus 83% in 2008. Floating rate and adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities provide some degree of protection against rising interest rates, while fixed rate securities perform better in periods of stable to slightly declining interest rates. Included in the mort- gage-backed securities portfolio are investments in collateralized mortgage obligations which totaled $5,976 and $11,855 at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. No collateralized mortgage obli- gations were sold in 2009. At December 31, 2009, a net unrealized loss of $4,131, net of tax, was included in shareholders’ equity as a component of Other Comprehensive Income, as compared to a net unrealized loss of $11,078, net of tax, as of December 31, 2008. This $6,947 reflects the increased market value of the collateralized debt obligation resulting from the $13,687 other-than-temporary impairment charges. Lower interest rates generally translate into more favorable market prices for debt securities, con- versely rising interest rates generally result in a depreciation in the market value of debt securities. The Company had $3,482 in investments considered to be structured notes as of December 31, 2009, a decrease of $569, or 14.0%. The Company had no investments in inverse floating rate securities or other derivative products. Additional information regarding investments can be found in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (NOTES 1 and 2). DEPOSITS The Company’s deposits are derived from the indi- viduals and businesses located in its primary market area. Total deposits at year-end exhibited an increase of 2.0% to $387,495 at December 31, 2009, as com- pared to $379,953 at December 31, 2008. 71 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The Company’s deposit base consists of demand deposits, savings, money market and time deposit accounts. Average deposits increased 3.6% during 2009, while average inter- est-bearing deposits increased by 6.5%. noninterest-bearing During 2009, noninterest-bearing deposits averaged $58,506 or 15.2% of total average deposits as com- pared to $56,496 or 15.6% of total deposits in 2008. Core deposits averaged $319,068 for the year ended December 31, 2009, an increase of $19,670 from the average level of 2008. During 2008, core deposits had averaged $299,398 a decrease of $1,929 from the preceding year. Historically, the deposit base of the Company has been characterized by a significant aggregate amount of core deposits. Core deposits represented 83.1% of average total deposits in 2009 compared to 82.7% in 2008 and 82.2% in 2007. Non core deposits are represented by Jumbo CD’s, certificates of deposit in the amount of $100 or more. The Company’s portfolio of Jumbo CD’s are sourced primarily from customers in the subsidiary bank’s immediate market area, and does not include any brokered deposits. Over the past five years, the Company has decreased the share of deposits represented by noninterest-bear- ing and interest bearing checking accounts. These products now comprise 21.8% of total deposits com- pared to 24.9% five years ago. The following depicts how the deposit mix has shifted during this five-year time frame. AVERAGE DEPOSIT MIX (In Percentages) Checking 15.2 Other CD's 28.8 Checking 16.5 Other CD's 33.4 NOW 6.6 Money Market 10.4 Jumbo CD's 16.9 Savings 22.1 2009 Jumbo CD's 9.5 Savings 26.4 2004 NOW 8.4 Money Market 5.8 72 Additional information regarding interest-bearing deposits is presented in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (NOTE 6). OTHER ASSETS AND LIABILITIES Our earning assets are comprised of investment secu- rities, loans and loans held for sale, deposits at finan- cial institutions, mainly the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Funds. Earning assets were $456,783 at December 31, 2009, an increase of 0.1% from December 31, 2008. See discussion on LOANS and INVESTMENT SECURITIES and NOTES 2 AND 3. Cash and cash equivalents increased to $44,823 at December 31, 2009 from $26,843 at December 31, 2008. The increase in 2009 is due to an increase in funds held at the Federal Reserve Bank which are now interest-bearing. The balance of funds at the Federal Reserve Bank was $35,545 and $18,402 at 2009 and 2008, respectively. The Bank’s manage- ment has elected to employ a higher level in this account to meet short-term liquidity needs and to support loan demands. Premises and equipment stood at $7,127 at year end 2009, a decrease of $444 from $7,571 at Decem- ber 31, 2008. The increase in 2008 is mainly due to the following: (1) renovation at a new branch in Middlefield, Ohio which opened in May 2008; (2) purchase of property and construction of a new banking office in Brookfield, Ohio. This branch opened June of 2008, and replaced an existing leased banking location; and (3) purchase and renovation of property for a new banking office in North Lima, Ohio. This branch opened in November 2008, and also replaced an existing leased banking branch office. Other assets increased to $27,614 at December 31, 2009 from $23,650 at December 31, 2008. Other real estate decreased to $687 at year end 2009 compared to $809 at December 31, 2008 resulting from increased foreclosure activity in 2008 and 2009. Net deferred tax assets measured $7,893 at Decem- ber 31, 2009 compared to $6,456 at December 31, 2008 primarily reflecting an increase in deferred tax CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) benefits arising from unrealized losses on available- for-sale investment securities, the increase in provi- sion for loan loss, and an other-than-temporary impairment loss on corporate securities. Included in other assets is bank owned life insurance with a cash surrender value of $13,211 at December 31, 2009 and $12,748 at December 31, 2008. Also included in other assets at December 31, 2009, is $2,915 which is a prepaid assessment paid to the FDIC in December of 2009. This prepayment is the estimate, based on projected assessment rates and assessment base, made by the FDIC of premiums due until December 31, 2012. On a quarterly basis this time prepayment will be reduced, and at expensed, until the prepayment is depleted. that Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances , other term borrowing and subordinated debt short decreased $4,782 from the December 31, 2008 bal- ance of $73,303. The decrease occurred as a result of not replacing $6,000 in FHLB Borrowings maturing in the last two months of 2009. Management expects to continue this practice in 2010. Other liabilities remained fairly consistent measuring $4,375 at December 31, 2009 and $4,081 at Decem- ber 31, 2008. The major components are accrued interest on deposits and borrowings which measured $721 and $967 in 2009 and 2008. The other item is accrued expenses which measured $2,854 and $2,489 in 2009 and 2008 respectively. The increase in accrued expenses in 2008 is due to $585 accrued in 2008 for the expense of post retirement cost of insurance for split-dollar life insurance coverage. The largest accrued expense item is accrued expense for post retirement benefits. ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT The Company’s executive management and Board of Directors routinely review the Company’s balance sheet structure for stability, liquidity and capital ade- quacy. The Company has defined a set of key control parameters which provide various measures of the Company’s exposure to changes in interest rates. The is to Company’s asset-liability management goal produce a net interest margin that is relatively stable despite interest rate volatility while maintaining an acceptable level of earnings. Net interest income is the difference between total interest earned on a fully taxable equivalent basis and total interest expensed. The net interest margin ratio expresses this difference as a percentage of average earning assets. In the past five years, the net interest margin has averaged 3.54% ranging between 3.19% and 3.83%. Included among the various measurement techniques used by the Company to identify and manage expo- sure to changing interest rates is the use of computer based simulation models. Computerized simulation techniques enable the Company to explore and mea- sure net interest income volatility under alternative asset deployment strategies, different interest rate environments, various product offerings and chang- ing growth patterns. During 2009, the effective maturities of earning assets tended to shorten as rates in the credit markets fell sharply. Federal Reserve policy makers kept the short-term rates in the range of 0.00% to 0.25% during all of 2009 in an attempt to ease strains in the financial market, soften the effects of the housing correction and to help avoid a recession. With rates low during the year, prepayments on loans and mort- gage-backed securities similarly remained high caus- ing the effective maturities of existing earning assets to shorten. Management, in the first half of the year, allowed proceeds to build up in interest-bearing deposit accounts. In the second half of the year, management invested a portion of the excess overnight funds (federal funds sold balances), with an allocation towards U.S. Government agencies, municipal bonds and mortgage-backed securities. The computerized simulation techniques utilized by management provide a more sophisticated measure of the degree to which the Company’s interest sen- sitive assets and liabilities may be impacted by changes in the general level of interest rates. These analyses show the Company’s net interest income remaining relatively neutral within the economic and interest rate scenarios anticipated by management. interest As previously noted, the Company’s net 73 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) margin has remained in the range of 3.24% to 3.83% over the past five years, a period characterized by significant shifts in the mix of earning assets and the direction and level of interest rates. The targeted federal funds rate during that period ranged from a low of 0.00% to 5.25%, as Federal Reserve monetary policy turned from guarding against deflation to warding off inflationary threats and now back to attempting to avoid a recession and softening the effects of the housing correction. NET INTEREST MARGIN RATIO (In Percentages) 3.19 3.49 3.45 3.67 3.83 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 LIQUIDITY The central role of the Company’s liquidity manage- ment is to (1) ensure sufficient liquid funds to meet the normal transaction requirements of its customers, (2) take advantage of market opportunities requiring flexibility and speed, and (3) provide a cushion against unforeseen liquidity needs. Liquidity risk arises from the possibility that we may not be able to satisfy current or future financial commitments, or may become unduly reliant on alternative funding sources. The objective of liquidity management is to ensure we have the ability to fund balance sheet growth and meet deposit and debt obligations in a timely and cost-effective manner. Management monitors liquidity through a regular review of asset and liability maturities, funding sources, and loan and deposit forecasts. We maintain strategic and contingency liquidity plans to ensure sufficient available funding to satisfy requirements for balance sheet growth, properly manage capital markets’ funding sources and to address unexpected liquidity requirements. 74 liquidity for Principal sources of the Company include assets considered relatively liquid, such as interest-bearing deposits in other banks, federal funds sold, cash and due from banks, as well as cash flows from maturities and repayments of loans, investment securities and mortgage-backed securities. Anticipated principal repayments on mortgage- backed securities along with investment securities maturing, re-pricing, or expected to be called in one year or less amounted to $67,866 at December 31, 2009, representing 39.5% of the total combined port- folio, as compared to $91,644 or 47.8% of the port- folio a year ago. Concerns over deposit fluctuations with respect to the overall banking industry were addressed by the FDIC in September and October 2008. The FDIC tempo- rarily increased the individual account deposit insur- ance from $100 per account to $250 per account through December 31, 2009, which has subsequently been extended through December 31, 2013. The FDIC also implemented a Temporary Liquidity Guar- antee Program (TLGP), which provides for full FDIC coverage for transaction accounts, regardless of dol- lar amounts. The Company elected to opt-in to this program, thus, our customers receive full coverage for transaction accounts under the program. The TLGP was originally set to expire December 31, the FDIC has extended the program 2009, but through June 30, 2010. The Company elected to continue participation in this program. Concerns regarding the overall banking industry or the Com- pany could have an adverse effect on future deposit levels. In order to address the concern of FDIC insurance of larger depositors, the Bank became a member of the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS») program late in 2009. Through CDARS», the Bank’s customers can increase their FDIC insur- ance by up to $50 million through reciprocal certif- icate of deposit accounts. This is accomplished by the Bank entering into reciprocal depository relation- ships with other member banks. The individual cus- tomer’s large deposit is broken into amounts below the $100 amount (or $250 if the time deposit matures CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) prior to December 31, 2013) and placed with other banks that are members of the network. The recip- rocal member bank issues certificate of deposits in amounts that ensure that the entire deposit is eligible for FDIC insurance. At December 31, 2009, the Bank did not have any deposits in the CDARS» program. For regulatory purposes, CDARS» is considered a brokered deposit even though reciprocal deposits are generally from customers in the local market. Along with its liquid assets, the Company has other sources of liquidity available to it which help to ensure that adequate funds are available as needed. These other sources include, but are not limited to, the ability to obtain deposits through the adjustment of interest rates, the purchasing of federal funds, and access to the Federal Reserve Discount Window. The Company is also a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati, which provides yet another source of liquidity. At December 31, 2009, the Bank had approximately $3.0 million available of collat- eral based borrowing capacity at FHLB of Cincinnati, $24.9 million in cash management lines of credit with FHLB of Cincinnati and $369 of availability with the Federal Reserve Discount window. Additionally, at December 31, 2009, agreements were in place that gave the Company access to approximately 10% of total assets in brokered certificates of deposit that could be used as an additional source of liquidity. At that date there was no outstanding balance in bro- kered certificates of deposit. Cash and cash equivalents increased from $26,843 in 2008 and $9,441 in 2007, to $44,823 in 2009. The increase in 2009 is due to a $17,143 increase in the balance at the Federal Reserve Bank. These deposits became interest-bearing late in the third quarter of 2008. The bank management has elected to employ a higher level in this account to achieve a higher level of short-term liquidity needed to support increased loan demand, and compensate for poorly functioning credit markets. The following table details the cash flows from operating activities for years ended 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 and 2005. Unpledged securities of $68,086 are also available for borrowing under repurchase agreements or as additional collateral for FHLB lines of credit. 2009 2008 2006 2005 December 31, 2007 Net income Adjustments to $ (6,335) $2,353 $4,350 $4,576 $ 4,334 reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities: Depreciation, amortization and accretion Provision for loan loss Investment securities gains Impairment losses Other real estate (gains) losses Impact of loans held for sale Changes in: Securities to settle and securities sold to settle Purchase of insurance contracts Deferred tax 808 758 775 991 1,469 427 1,785 40 225 545 (432) 14,502 (139) 1,251 (77) (18) (308) (15) (43) 1 47 3 236 (236) 109 (109) (1,270) (128) (benefit) expense (5,016) (507) 189 (205) 50 Prepaid FDIC Assessment Other assets and liabilities Net cash flows from operating activities (2,915) 560 75 (378) (297) (548) $ 1,820 $5,297 $5,009 $5,082 $ 4,275 Key differences stem from: 1) Impairment losses of $14,502 were recognized in 2009 compared to $1,251 in 2008 and none in other years. This also accounts for the increase of deferred tax benefit to $(5,016) at December 31, 2009 from $(507) for 2008 and $189 for 2007; 2) Provisions for loan loss was $427 at December 31, 2009 compared to $1,785 at Decem- ber 31, 2008 and $40 at December 31, 2007; 3) A prepaid assessment of $2,915 was paid to the FDIC in December 2009; and 4) The increase in liabilities in 2008 from 2007 is due to $585 accrual for post retirement cost of insurance for split-dollar life insur- ance as coverage. Refer to the Consolidated State- ments of Cash Flows for a summary of the sources and uses of cash for 2009, 2008 and 2007. 75 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS The Corporation has various obligations, including contractual obligations and commitments that may require future cash payments. Contractual Obligations: The following table pre- sents, as of December 31, 2009, significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations to third parties by payment date. Further discussion of the nature of each obligation is included in the referenced note to the consolidated financial statements. See Note Non-interest bearing deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest bearing deposits(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Rate(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of deposit(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Rate(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal funds purchased and security repurchase agreements(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Rate(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Treasury interest-bearing demand note(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Rate(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal Home Loan Bank advances(a) . . . . . Average Rate(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subordinated debt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Rate(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 Contractual Obligations as of December 31, 2009 Payments Due in Three to Five Years One to Three Years Over Five Years $ $ $ One Year or Less $ 60,173 162,531 0.41% Total $ 60,173 162,531 0.41% 98,352 41,154 17,656 7,629 164,791 1.74% 3.38% 4.29% 4.07% 2.55% 6,638 0.10% 228 0.0% 6,638 0.10% 228 0.0% 15,500 10,000 9,000 22,000 56,500 5.66% 4.46% 3.81% 3.90% 141 156 112 5,155 1.71% 201 4.47% 5,155 1.71% 610 (a) Excludes present and future accrued interest. (b) Variable rate obligations reflect interest rates in effect at December 31, 2009. Commitments: The following table details the amounts and expected maturities of significant com- mitments as of December 31, 2009. (Further discus- sion of these commitments is included in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.) The Corporation’s operating lease obligations repre- sent short and long-term lease and rental payments for the subsidiary bank’s branch facilities. The Corporation also has obligations under its sup- plemental retirement plans as described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements. The postretire- ment benefit payments represent actuarially deter- mined future benefit payments to eligible plan participants. The Corporation does not have any commitments or obligations to the defined contribu- tion retirement plan (401(k) plan) at December 31, 2009 due to the funded status of the plan. (See further discussion in Note 10.) 76 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) Expected Maturities of Commitments as of December 31, 2009 One Year or Less One to Three Years Three to Five Years Over Five Years Total Commitments to extend credit: Commercial including commercial mortgages $ 8,490 $ 41 $37 $14,426 $22,994 Revolving home equity Overdraft protection Other Standby letters of credit 11,348 10,553 550 503 200 11,348 10,553 550 703 Commitments to extend credit, including loan com- mitments, standby letters of credit, and commercial letters of credit do not necessarily represent future cash requirements, in that these commitments often expire without being drawn upon. CAPITAL RESOURCES Regulatory standards for measuring capital adequacy require banks and bank holding companies to main- tain capital based on “risk-adjusted” assets so that categories of assets of potentially higher credit risk require more capital backing than assets with lower risk. In addition, banks and bank holding companies are required to maintain capital to support, on a risk- adjusted basis, certain off-balance sheet activities such as standby letters of credit and interest rate swaps. The risk-based standards classify capital into two tiers. Tier 1 capital consists of common shareholders’ equity, noncumulative and cumulative perpetual pre- ferred stock, qualifying trust preferred securities and minority interests less intangibles and the unrealized market value adjustment of investment securities available for sale. Tier 2 capital consists of a limited amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses, perpetual preferred stock (not included in Tier 1), hybrid capital instruments, term subordinated debt, and intermediate-term preferred stock. In April 2009, the FFIEC issued additional instruc- tions for reporting of direct credit substitutions that have been downgraded below investment grade. Included in the definition of a direct credit substitute are mezzanine and subordinated tranches of collat- eralized debt obligations and non agency Collateral- ized Mortgage Obligations. Adopting these instructions for the 2009 period results in an increase risk weighted assets with an attendant in total decrease in the risk-based capital and Tier 1 risk based capital ratios. As a result of the decline in value of our trust pre- ferred CDO securities the regulatory capital levels of the Bank have come under significant pressure. As a result of investment downgrades by the rating agen- cies during 2009, 31 of the 32 trust preferred CDO and the General Motors corporate securities were rated as “highly speculative grade” debt securities. As a consequence, the Bank is required to maintain higher levels of regulatory risk-based capital for these securities due to the greater perceived risk of default by the underlying bank and insurance company issu- ers. Specifically, regulatory guidance requires the Bank to apply a higher “risk weighting formula” for these securities to calculate its regulatory capital ratios. The result of that calculation increased the Bank’s risk-weighted assets for these securities to $98.5 million, well above the $37.3 million in amor- tized cost of these securities as of December 31, 2009, thereby significantly diluting the regulatory capital ratios In management’s opinion, as supported by the data in the following table, the Company met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008. As of those dates, the Company was “well capitalized” under regulatory prompt corrective action provisions. Actual Regulatory Capital Ratios as of: Regulatory Capital Ratio requirements to be: Dec. 31, 2009 Dec. 31, 2008 Well Capitalized Adequately Capitalized Total risk-based capital to risk- weighted assets Tier I capital to risk- weighted assets Tier I capital to average assets 13.22% 17.15% 10.00% 8.00% 12.54% 16.37% 6.00% 4.00% 9.09% 10.58% 5.00% 4.00% 77 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) Risk based capital standards require a minimum ratio of 8% of qualifying total capital to risk-adjusted total assets with at least 4% constituting Tier 1 capital. Capital qualifying as Tier 2 capital is limited to 100% of Tier 1 capital. All banks and bank holding com- panies are also required to maintain a minimum leverage capital ratio (Tier 1 capital to total average assets) in the range of 3% to 4%, subject to regulatory guidelines. Capital ratios remained within regulatory financial minimums institutions. capitalized” “well for The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improve- ment Act of 1991 (FDICIA) required banking regu- latory agencies to revise risk-based capital standards to ensure that they adequately account for the fol- lowing additional risks: interest rate, concentration of credit, and non traditional activities. Accordingly, regulators will subjectively consider an institution’s exposure to declines in the economic value of its capital due to changes in interest rates in evaluating capital adequacy. The table below illustrates the Company’s risk weighted capital ratios at Decem- ber 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Risk-Based Capital December 31, 2009 December 31, 2008 $ 46,015 2,511 $ 52,045 2,476 $ 48,526 $ 54,521 $367,083 $317,861 12.54% 13.22% 9.09% 16.37% 17.15% 10.58% Tier 1 Capital Tier 2 Capital QUALIFYING CAPITAL Risk-Adjusted Total Assets(*) Tier 1 Risk- Based Capital Ratio Total Risk- Based Capital Ratio Total Leverage Capital Ratio (*) Includes off-balance sheet exposures Average total assets for leverage capital purposes is calculated as average assets, less intangibles and the net unrealized market value adjustment of year end December 31, 2009 investment securities available 78 for sale, which averaged $506,376 and $492,033 for the year ended December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. The Company’s Board of Directors declared a quar- terly stock dividend of 1% payable on April 1, 2009 to shareholders of record as of March 9, 2009. The Board also eliminated the quarterly cash dividend which most recently had been paid at the rate of $0.22 per share. Regulations require that Investments designated as available for sale are marked-to-market with corre- sponding entries to the deferred tax account and shareholders’ equity. Regulatory agencies, however, exclude these adjustments in computing risk-based capital, as their inclusion would tend to increase the volatility of this important measure of capital ade- quacy. Additional information regarding regulatory matters can be found in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (NOTE 13.) REGULATORY MATTERS On May 26, 2009, the Board of Directors of Cortland Bancorp and Cortland Bank adopted a resolution authorizing its President and Chief Executive Officer to enter into the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Federal Reserve Bank. The MOU, requires the Company and Cortland Banks to obtain the Federal Reserve’s approval prior to paying any dividends, incurring any debt and repurchasing any of its stock. (See NOTE 19) INTEREST RATE RISK Interest rate risk is measured as the impact of interest rate changes on the Company’s net interest income. Components of interest rate risk comprise re-pricing risk, basis risk and yield curve risk. Re-pricing risk arises due to timing differences in the re-pricing of assets and liabilities as interest rate changes occur. Basis risk occurs when re-pricing assets and liabil- ities reference different key rates. Yield curve risk arises when a shift occurs in the relationship among key rates across the maturity spectrum. CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) The effective management of interest rate risk seeks to limit the adverse impact of interest rate changes on the Company’s net interest margin, providing the Company with the best opportunity for maintaining consistent earnings growth. Toward this end, man- the agement uses computer simulation to model Company’s financial performance under varying interest rate scenarios. These scenarios may reflect changes in the level of interest rates, changes in the shape of the yield curve, and changes in interest rate relationships. The simulation model allows management to test and evaluate alternative responses to a changing interest rate environment. Typically when confronted with a heightened risk of rising interest rates, the Company will evaluate strategies that shorten investment and loan re-pricing intervals and maturities, emphasize the acquisition of floating rate over fixed rate assets, and lengthen the maturities of liability funding sources. When the risk of falling rates is perceived, management will consider strategies that shorten the maturities of funding sources, lengthen the re-pricing intervals and maturities of investments and loans, and emphasize the acquisition of fixed rate assets over floating rate assets. Run off rate assumptions for loans are based on the consensus speeds for the various loan types. Invest- ment speeds are based on the characteristics of each individual investment. Re-pricing characteristics are based upon actual information obtained from the Bank’s information system data and other related programs. Actual results may differ from simulated results not only due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, but also due to changes in general economic conditions, changes in customer preferences and behavior, and changes in strategies by both existing and potential competitors. The following table shows the Company’s current estimate of interest rate sensitivity based on the composition of its balance sheet at December 31, 2009. For purposes of this analysis, short term inter- est rates as measured by the federal funds rate and the prime lending rate are assumed to increase (decrease) gradually over the next twelve months reaching a level 300 basis points higher (lower) than the rates in effect at December 31, 2009. Under both the rising rate scenario and the falling rate scenario, the yield curve is assumed to exhibit a parallel shift. During 2009, the Federal Reserve kept its target rate for overnight federal funds constant. At year end December 31, 2009, the difference between the yield on the ten-year Treasury and the three-month Trea- sury had increased to a positive 379 from the positive 214 basis points that existed at December 31, 2008, indicating that the yield curve had become more steeply upward sloping. At December 31, 2009, rates peaked at the 30-year point on the Treasury yield curve. The yield curve remains positively sloping as interest rates continue to increase with a lengthening of maturities, with rates peaking at the long-end of the Treasury yield curve. The base case against which interest rate sensitivity is measured assumes no change in short term rates. The base case also assumes no growth in assets and liabilities and no change in asset or liability mix. Under these simulated conditions, the base case projects net interest income of $16,795 for the year ending December 31, 2010. Simulated Net Interest Income Sensitivity For the Twelve Months Ending December 31, 2010 Change in Interest Rates Graduated increase of Net Interest Income $ Change % Change +300 basis points . . . . . . . $18,093 $ 1,298 7.7% Short term rates unchanged (base case) . . . . . . . . . . . 16,795 Graduated decrease of -300 basis points . . . . . . . 15,040 (1,755) (10.4%) The level of interest rate risk indicated is within limits that management considers acceptable. However, given that interest rate movements can be sudden and unanticipated, and are increasingly influenced by global events and circumstances beyond the purview of the Federal Reserve, no assurances can be made that interest rate movements will not impact key assumptions and parameters in a manner not pres- ently embodied by the model. 79 CORTLAND BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts) It is management’s opinion that hedging instruments currently available are not a cost effective means of controlling interest the Company. Accordingly, the Company does not currently use financial derivatives, such as interest rate options, swaps, caps, floors or other similar instruments. rate risk for IMPACT OF INFLATION Consolidated financial information included herein has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, which require the Company to measure financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars. Changes in the relative value of money due to inflation are generally not considered. Neither the price, timing nor the magnitude of changes directly coincides with changes in interest rates. 80 INFORMATION AS TO STOCK PRICES AND DIVIDENDS OF CORTLAND BANCORP OTHER INFORMATION The Company files quarterly reports, (Forms 10-Q), an annual report (Form 10-K), current reports on Form 8-K and proxy statements, as well as any amendments to those reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to sec- tion 13(a) or (15)d of the Exchange Act. In 2010, the quarterly reports will be filed within 45 days of the end of each quarter, while the annual report is filed within 90 days of the end of the year. Any individual requesting copies of such reports may obtain these free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC by visiting our web site at www.cortland- banks.com or by writing to: Deborah L. Eazor Cortland Bancorp 194 West Main Street Cortland, Ohio 44410 The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The Company’s stock trades on the NASDAQ OTC market under the symbol CLDB. The following bro- kerage firms are known to be relatively active in trading the Company’s stock: Community Banc Investments, Inc. 26 East Main Street New Concord, Ohio 43762 Telephone: 1-800-224-1013 Boenning & Scattergood 9916 Brewster Lane Powell, OH 43065 Telephone: 866-326-3113 Morgan Stanley Citigroup, Inc. 5048 Belmont Ave. Youngstown, Ohio 44505 Telephone: 330-759-6725 The following table shows the prices at which the common stock of the Company has actually been purchased and sold in market transactions during the periods indicated. The range of market price is com- piled from data available through Yahoo Finance, Historical Prices. Also shown in the table are the dividends per share on the outstanding common stock. All figures shown have been adjusted to give retroactive effect to the 1% stock dividend paid as of April 1, 2009, January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2008. The Company approximately currently 1,618 shareholders of record. has HIGH OR LOW TRADING PRICE PER QUARTER Price Per Share High Low Cash Dividends Per Share 2009 Fourth Quarter. . . . . . Third Quarter . . . . . . Second Quarter . . . . . First Quarter . . . . . . . 2008 Fourth Quarter . . . . . . . Third Quarter . . . . . . . Second Quarter . . . . . . First Quarter . . . . . . . . 2007 Fourth Quarter . . . . . . . Third Quarter . . . . . . . Second Quarter . . . . . . First Quarter . . . . . . . . $ 4.70 $ 4.00 $ — 5.90 6.95 12.38 3.60 4.10 3.00 — — — $12.73 $ 8.56 $0.22 13.97 15.93 13.24 $16.01 17.42 18.69 18.44 11.77 12.11 10.78 $10.98 14.66 17.04 16.50 0.21 0.22 0.21 $0.22 0.21 0.21 0.21 For the convenience of shareholders, the Company has established a plan whereby shareholders may have their dividends automatically reinvested in the common stock of Cortland Bancorp. Participation in the plan is completely voluntary and shareholders may withdraw at any time. For current stock prices you may access our home page at www.cortland-banks.com. For more information on the dividend reinvestment plan, you may contact Deborah L. Eazor at the fol- lowing telephone number: (330) 637-8040 Ext. 118 or E-mail address DLEAZOR@cortland-banks.com. 81 CORTLAND BANCORP BOARD OF DIRECTORS K. RAY MAHAN Chairman JERRY A. CARLETON TIMOTHY CARNEY DAVID C. COLE JAMES M. GASIOR GEORGE E. GESSNER JAMES E. HOFFMAN III NEIL J. KABACK RICHARD B. THOMPSON TIMOTHY K. WOOFTER WILLIAM A. HAGOOD Director Emeritus OFFICERS JAMES M. GASIOR President and Chief Executive Officer TIMOTHY CARNEY Executive Vice President Chief Operating Officer and Secretary DAVID J. LUCIDO Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer STANLEY P. FERET Senior Vice President and Chief Lending Officer 82 THE CORTLAND SAVINGS AND BANKING COMPANY BOARD OF DIRECTORS JERRY A. CARLETON President, Carleton Enterprises Inc. TIMOTHY CARNEY Executive Vice President, Chief Operations Officer and And Corporate Secretary DAVID C. COLE Partner and President Cole Valley Pontiac-Cadillac JAMES M. GASIOR President and Chief Executive Officer GEORGE E. GESSNER Attorney JAMES E. HOFFMAN III Attorney NEIL J. KABACK Partner, Cohen & Company K. RAY MAHAN President, Mahan Packing Co. and Chairman of the Board RICHARD B. THOMPSON Executive, Therm-O-Link, Inc. TIMOTHY K. WOOFTER President, Stan-Wade Metal Products * * * * * WILLIAM A. HAGOOD Director Emeritus * * * * * OFFICERS JAMES M. GASIOR President and Chief Executive Officer TIMOTHY CARNEY Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Corporate Secretary DAVID J. LUCIDO Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer STANLEY P. FERET Senior Vice President and Chief Lending Officer CRAIG M. PHYTHYON Vice President CHARLES J. COMMONS Vice President MARLENE LENIO Vice President JUDY RUSSELL Vice President KEITH MROZEK Vice President DEBORAH L. EAZOR Vice President GREG YURCO Vice President JOAN M. FRANGIAMORE Vice President BARBARA R. SANDROCK Vice President WILLIAM J. HOLLAND Vice President DEAN S. EVANS Vice President MARCEL P. ARNAL Assistant Vice President GRACE J. BACOT Assistant Vice President DARLENE MACK Assistant Vice President and Trust Officer JANET K. HOUSER Assistant Vice President RUSSELL E. TAYLOR Assistant Vice President BARBARA McKENZIE Assistant Vice President JAMES HUGHES Assistant Vice President SHIRLEY A. WADE Assistant Vice President MICHELE LEE Assistant Vice President PEGGY BAILEY Assistant Vice President NICOLE WHITSEL Assistant Vice President JOHN HEWITT Assistant Vice President HEATHER J. BOWSER Assistant Vice President KAREN MILLER Assistant Secretary 83 CORTLAND BANKS OFFICES AND LOCATIONS Fourteen Offices Serving Five Counties BOARDMAN Victor Hills Plaza 6538 South Avenue Boardman, Ohio 44512 330-629-9151 BRISTOL 6090 State Route 45 Bristolville, Ohio 44402 330-889-3062 MANTUA 11661 State Route 44 Mantua, Ohio 44255 330-274-3111 VIENNA 4434 Warren-Sharon Road Vienna, Ohio 44473 330-394-1438 MIDDLEFIELD 15561 West High Street Middlefield, OH 44062 440-632-0099 WARREN 2935 Elm Road Warren, Ohio 44483 330-372-1520 BROOKFIELD 7202 Warren-Sharon Road Brookfield, Ohio 44403 330-448-6814 NILES PARK PLAZA 815 Youngstown-Warren Road Suite 1 Niles, Ohio 44446 330-652-8700 WILLIAMSFIELD 5917 U.S. Route 322 Williamsfield, Ohio 44093 440-293-7502 CORTLAND 194 West Main Street Cortland, Ohio 44410 330-637-8040 NORTH BLOOMFIELD 8837 State Route 45 North Bloomfield, Ohio 44450 440-685-4731 WINDHAM 8950 Maple Grove Road Windham, Ohio 44288 330-326-2340 HUBBARD 890 West Liberty Street Hubbard, Ohio 44425 330-534-2265 NORTH LIMA 9001 Market Street North Lima, Ohio 44452 330-758-5884 Member Federal Reserve System and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Please visit us online at: www.cortland-banks.com or please e-mail us at: cbinfo@cortland-banks.com 84 a n n u a l r e p o r t 2 0 0 9 w w w. c o r t l a n d - b a n k s . c o m