Cree, Inc.
Annual Report 2011

Plain-text annual report

2011 ANNUAL REPORT “THEY SAID IT COULDN’T BE DONE. WE DIDN’T LISTEN.” TODAY CREE IS TAKING THE LED LIGHTING REVOLUTION TO PLACES NO ONE EVER THOUGHT POSSIBLE. C R E E 2 0 1 1 A N N U A L R E P O R T 60994_Cover.pdf 1 8/24/11 3:35 PM www.cree.com Our latest revolutionary idea, the Cree 21st century concept lamp shatters lighting efficiency standards. Again.THE LED LIGHTING DECLARATION We declare this as our universal goal: to make energy-wasting, traditional lighting technologies obsolete through the use of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly LED Lighting. We endeavor to:• Reduce the damaging effects of energy inefficiency on our economies and environments• Realize energy-efficient lighting products in every country, city and home• Revitalize the lighting industry and release it from its century-old habits “We are the innovators, the pioneers, the dreamers. The ones who see a bright and possible future for humanity. We are the doers, the influencers, the teachers. We are bold and persuasive in communicating the potential and the promise. We are the rebels, the nonconformists, the free spirits. We do not accept the status quo. We are LED Lighting Revolutionaries. “We proclaim this universal declaration of LED Lighting:• All human beings are born into light. Created light is a fundamental and integral part of our productivity, security and artistic expression as human beings. • Creating light consumes energy. The least expensive, most secure and cleanest energy is the energy that is not used.• Proper quantity and quality of light are essential to human perception, performance, and enrichment of life. These should not be sacrificed in the name of energy savings.• Poisoning our ground water, lakes, oceans and fellow humans with toxic mercury is not an acceptable price for energy-efficient lighting. • Innovation and creativity can make efficient LED lighting affordable and available to all.The LED Lighting Revolution will not come to life on its own; people, corporations and institutions are the LED Lighting Revolutionaries. Acting alone, working together, and leading others, we accept the mantle of stewardship of the LED Lighting Revolution. Join usThe LED Lighting Revolutionaries 60994_IFC.pdf 1 8/30/11 10:52 AM 2011 L E T T E R T O T H E S H A R E H O L D E R S Dear Shareholders, Fiscal 2011 was a year of achievement, innovation and challenges for Cree and our Our strategy is not to wait for these new markets to develop at their own pace, but to industry as we further enhanced our position as a leader of the LED lighting revolution. make them happen. Along these lines, we recently announced the acquisition of Ruud We continued to have success growing our LED lighting business, while at the same time Lighting and its industry-leading BetaLED® product line. This combination creates a managing through a tough business cycle for our LED component and LED chip product market leader in LED lighting for both indoor and outdoor lighting and enables Cree to lines. For the year, revenue increased 14% to $988 million on growth in the LED and the accelerate adoption, which expands the market for our LED components. Power and RF businesses. We remain in a strong position to invest in our business, find new ways to lead the market and continue to drive change in the industry and accelerate adoption of LED lighting. We made very good progress on the key company objectives for 2011: • We grew our LED lighting business and delivered a range of revolutionary new market-leading products, including the CR6™ downlight, high-output PAR lamps As we look to the fiscal year ahead, we are focused on three key areas to grow our business: • Continue to lead the market and drive adoption of LED lighting • Accelerate cost reductions and drive operational improvements to increase the profitability of our business and the CR Series troffers – each setting a new standard for high performance, • Grow the Power and RF product line and expand beyond niche applications outstanding color quality, low cost and fast payback. The CR Series troffers utilize Cree TrueWhite® Technology and are the first commercial lighting products designed to effectively compete against comparable fluorescent fixtures by delivering a superior ROI and payback. It has been said that the cleanest, least expensive and most secure energy is that which is not used. We recently announced the achievement of a prototype LED light source that exceeds the US Department of Energy’s L PrizeSM 21st century lamp targets of 150 lumens per watt and 1200 lumens, before the complete specification had even been • We continued the relentless pursuit of ever greater LED brightness and efficiency, defined. This revolutionary concept LED system delivers 20% more light than a making Cree the first to achieve 230 lumens/watt in a concept white LED. standard 75 watt incandescent light bulb, but consumes only 8.7 watts of electricity. • We grew the LED component business year-over-year, despite a very tough business cycle, by continuing to enable the market with innovative, application-optimized new While others were still discussing and debating the appropriateness of the target specification, Cree went ahead and shattered it. XLamp® product platforms including our XM, ML-E, MT-G, CXA arrays and If LED lights with this level of performance are fully deployed, this ultra-efficient lighting LMR modules. • In manufacturing, the 150mm wafer development is on schedule. We have qualified the first products, and the initial production ramp has started in Q1 fiscal 2012. could reduce our nation’s total annual electrical energy consumption by 16.5%, which would take us back to annual consumption levels last seen in 1987, which coincidently is the year Cree was founded. This incredible achievement could be accomplished by simply replacing our existing lighting with new LED-based lighting systems like the one • We made progress in growing the Power and RF product line, and we launched the we demonstrated. This large-scale potential reduction in energy consumption is the world’s first silicon carbide power MOSFET to attain record efficiencies and objective of the LED lighting revolution, and we are focused on continuing to lead. On behalf of the board of directors, our management and our employees, we thank you for your continued support. Chuck Swoboda Chairman and CEO reliability improvements over legacy silicon devices. Many thought it couldn’t be done. Cree proved otherwise. It is important to keep in mind that although we have had a lot of success over the last years getting the LED lighting revolution started, overall adoption is still quite low and there remains a tremendous market opportunity in front of us. This success has reinforced the value of having a lighting systems product line to complement our components business and gives us the ability to drive the market and LED lighting adoption, as well as to provide hands-on experience supporting the development of application-optimized components. However, we need to continue to innovate and drive the technology to increase performance at both the LED component and systems level. We must deliver even shorter paybacks for our system level lighting products and enable the lowest total system costs for our component customers, making it possible for them to provide lighting systems with short payback periods to their customers. The LED lighting revolution positions Cree to help redefine the lighting industry and release it from its century-old routines. This is a unique opportunity to leverage the disruptive innovation power of LED lighting technology to grow the industry by capturing future energy and maintenance costs today. The result is higher revenues for the industry and lower total costs for lighting customers. 60994_10K.p1.pdf 1 8/25/11 12:47 PM F O R M 1 0 - K Our latest revolutionary idea, the Cree 21st century concept lamp shatters lighting efficiency standards. Again. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 (Mark One) È ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FORM 10-K For the fiscal year ended June 26, 2011 or ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 0-21154 CREE, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) North Carolina (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 4600 Silicon Drive Durham, North Carolina (Address of principal executive offices) 56-1572719 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 27703 (Zip Code) (919) 407-5300 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $0.00125 par value Name of each exchange on which registered The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ‘ No È Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer È ‘ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company ‘ Non-accelerated filer ‘ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ‘ No È The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 23, 2010, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $7,365,889,590 (based on the closing sale price of $67.96 per share). The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.00125 par value per share, outstanding as of August 10, 2011 was 109,628,373. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2011 are incorporated by reference into Part III. CREE, INC. FORM 10-K For the Fiscal Year Ended June 26, 2011 INDEX Part I Item 1. Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 1A. Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 2. Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 3. Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 4. (Removed and Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 6. Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . . . Item 9A. Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 9B. Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 11. Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SIGNATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 3 10 24 24 24 24 25 27 28 44 45 83 83 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 91 2 Forward-Looking Information Information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). All information contained in this report relative to future markets for our products and trends in and anticipated levels of revenue, gross margins and expenses, as well as other statements containing words such as “believe,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “target,” “plan,” “estimate,” “expect” and “intend” and other similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to business, economic and other risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, and actual results may differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements we make are as of the date made and we have no duty to update them if our views later change. These forward- looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this Annual Report. Examples of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical performance and any forward- looking statements include, but are not limited to, those described in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report. Item 1. Business Overview PART I Cree, Inc. (Cree, we, our, or us) is a leading innovator of lighting-class light emitting diodes (LEDs), LED lighting and semiconductor solutions for wireless and power applications. Our products are driving improvements in applications such as general illumination, video displays, automotive, electronic signs and signals, variable-speed motors and wireless systems. We develop and manufacture semiconductor materials and devices primarily based on silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN) and related compounds. The physical and electronic properties of SiC and GaN offer technical advantages over traditional silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), sapphire and other materials used for certain electronic applications. Our LED products consist of LED components, LED chips, LED lighting products and SiC wafers. As we develop and improve our LED technology, and the market continues to focus on energy efficiency, we believe the potential market for LED lighting will continue to expand. Our success in selling LED products depends upon our ability to drive adoption and offer innovative products and solutions that enable our customers to succeed in the market. By driving adoption we believe we can influence the direction of the market and open more opportunities for LEDs. In addition, we develop, manufacture and sell power and radio frequency (RF) products, such as power rectifiers and RF devices. Power rectifiers are made from SiC and provide faster switching speeds than comparable silicon-based power devices. RF devices are made from SiC or GaN and produce higher power densities as compared to silicon or gallium arsenide. The majority of our products are manufactured at our production facilities located in North Carolina and China. We also use contract manufacturers for certain aspects of product fabrication and packaging. We operate research and development facilities in North Carolina, California, and China. Cree, Inc. is a North Carolina corporation established in 1987. We currently operate our business as one reportable segment. For further information about our revenues and earnings, please see our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income in Item 8 of this Annual Report. 3 Products We produce LED products, and power and RF products. LED Products LED product revenue represented 90%, 91% and 92% of revenue for the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively. LED Chips. Our LED chip products include blue and green LED chips based on GaN and related materials. LED chips or die are solid state electronic components used in a number of applications and are currently available in a variety of brightness levels, wavelengths (color) and sizes. We use our LED chips in the manufacturing of our LED components. Some of our customers use our blue and green LED chips in a variety of applications including video screens, gaming displays such as pachinko, function indicator lights and automotive backlighting. Other customers combine our blue LED chips with phosphors to create white LEDs, which are used in various applications for indoor and outdoor illumination and backlighting, full-color display screens, liquid crystal display (LCD) backlighting, white keypads and the camera flash function. LED Components. Our LED components include a range of packaged LED products from our XLamp® LED components and LED modules for lighting applications to our high-brightness LED components. Our XLamp LED components are lighting class packaged LED products designed to meet a broad range of market needs for lighting applications including general illumination (both indoor and outdoor applications), portable, architectural, signal and transportation lighting. We also use our XLamp LED components in our LED lighting products. Our high brightness LED components consist of surface mount (SMD) and through-hole packaged LED products. Our SMD LED component products are available in a full range of colors designed to meet a broad range of market needs, including video, signage, general illumination, automotive, gaming and specialty lighting. Our through-hole packaged LED component products are available in a full range of colors primarily designed for the signage market and provide users with a color and brightness consistency across a wide viewing area. LED Lighting. Our LED lighting products include LED downlights, LED troffers, and LED lamps or bulbs. These lighting products are targeted for new construction, retrofit and renovation projects in commercial, governmental and residential applications. SiC Wafers. Our SiC wafers are targeted for customers who use the wafers to manufacture products for optoelectronics, microwave, power switching and other applications. Corporate, government and university customers also buy SiC materials for research and development directed at optoelectronics, microwave, and high power devices. We sell our wafers as a bare wafer or with epitaxial films of SiC or GaN materials. Power and RF Products Revenue from our power and RF products represented 10%, 9%, and 8% of our revenues for the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively. Power Devices. Our SiC-based power products include 600, 1,200 and 1,700-volt Schottky diodes as well as 1200-volt SiC metal semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches. Our customers purchase our power products for use in power factor correction circuits for power supplies in computer servers and other applications such as solar inverters. We are developing additional SiC-based power devices that could have a number of potential uses in applications for power conditioning, solar inverters, power supplies and motor controls. 4 RF Devices. Our RF products include a variety of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), which are optimized for either military or commercial applications. We also offer 10 watt and 60 watt SiC transistors, or metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) products for military and instrumentation applications. We also provide foundry services for wide bandgap MMICs. The MMIC foundry service allows a customer to design its own custom RF circuit to be fabricated in our MMIC foundry, or have us provide custom MMIC design for the customer and fabricate the chips. Financial Information about Geographic Areas of Customers and Assets We derive our revenue primarily from product sales to international customers. For information concerning geographical areas of our customers and geographic information concerning our long-lived assets, please see Note 17, “Geographic Information,” in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. International operations expose us to risks that are different from operating in the United States, including foreign currency translation and transaction risk, risk of changes in tax laws, application of import/ export laws and regulations and other risks described further in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report. Government Contract Funding We derive a small portion of our revenue from funding that we receive pursuant to research contracts or subcontracts funded by various agencies of the U.S. Government, approximately 2% of our revenues in both fiscal 2011 and 2010, and 3% for fiscal 2009. Our LED revenue includes revenues derived from government agencies to support the development of LED lighting and our power and RF revenue includes revenues derived from government agencies to support the development of SiC and GaN based power and RF technology. The revenue that we recognize pursuant to these contracts represents reimbursement by various U.S. Government entities that aid in the development of new technology. The applicable contracts generally provide that we may elect to retain ownership of inventions made in performing the work subject to a non-exclusive license retained by the U.S. Government to use the inventions for government purposes. Our government contracts typically cover work performed during time periods ranging from several months up to five years and require us to conduct the research effort described in the statement of work section of the contract. These contracts may be modified or terminated at the discretion of the government and typically are subject to appropriation and allocation of the required funding on an annual basis. Research and Development We invest significant resources in research and development. Our research and development activity includes efforts to: • • • • • increase the quality, performance and diameter of our substrate and epitaxial materials; continually improve our manufacturing processes; develop brighter, more efficient LED chip and component products; create new, and improve existing, LED components and LED lighting products; and develop higher power diodes/switches and higher power/higher linearity RF devices. When our customers participate in funding our research and development programs, we record the amount funded as a reduction of research and development expenses to the extent that our customers’ funding does not exceed our respective research and development costs. For further information about these programs, see Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. For further information about our research and development, see “Research and Development” in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” 5 Sales and Marketing We continue to make significant investments to expand our global sales, marketing, technical applications support, and distribution capabilities to further enable new and existing customers to implement LED and power technology into their products. We also continue to make investments to build market awareness of the Cree brand. Our direct sales and marketing team is headquartered in North Carolina. We have a growing international sales, marketing and technical applications team, including personnel in the following locations: Austria Australia Canada China France Germany Italy Japan Malaysia Singapore South Korea Sweden Taiwan Turkey United Kingdom United States This year, we have started to implement our Thermal, Electrical, Mechanical, Photometric, and Optical (TEMPO) performance testing program to assist our customers in developing high quality LED based products. Customers We have historically had a few key customers who represented more than 10% of our consolidated revenues. In fiscal 2011, revenues from two of our distribution customers, Arrow Electronics, Inc. (Arrow) and World Peace Industrial Co., Ltd. (World Peace), exceeded 10% of our total consolidated revenues. Sales to Arrow and World Peace represented 20% and 10% of our total consolidated revenues in fiscal 2011, respectively. For further discussion regarding customer concentration, please see Note 14, “Concentrations of Risk,” in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. The loss of any large customer could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Distribution A substantial portion of our products are sold to distributors. Distributors stock inventory and sell our products to their own customer base, which may include: value added resellers; manufacturers who incorporate our products into their own manufactured goods; or ultimate end users of our products. We also utilize third- party sales representatives who generally do not maintain a product inventory; instead, their customers place orders directly with us or through distributors. Seasonality Sales of our products are generally not subject to seasonality. Our sales do vary based on other factors such as customer demand and government regulation. If anticipated sales or shipments do not occur when expected, our results of operations for that quarter, and potentially for future quarters, may be adversely affected. Backlog Our backlog at June 26, 2011, the last day of our 2011 fiscal year, was approximately $172.1 million, compared with a backlog of approximately $304.0 million at June 27, 2010, the last day of our 2010 fiscal year. Because of the generally short cycle between order and shipment and occasional customer changes in delivery schedules or cancellation of orders (which at times may be made without significant penalty), we do not believe is necessarily indicative of actual net sales for any future that our backlog, as of any particular date, period. Additionally, our June 26, 2011 backlog figure contains $55.4 million of research contracts signed with 6 the U.S. Government, for which approximately $37.3 million were not appropriated as of the last day of fiscal 2011. Our June 27, 2010 backlog figure contains $33.7 million of research contracts signed with the U.S. Government, for which approximately $30.8 million were not appropriated as of the last day of fiscal 2010. Our backlog could be adversely affected if the U.S. Government exercises its rights to terminate our government contracts or does not appropriate and allocate all of the funding contemplated by the contracts. Sources of Raw Materials We depend on a number of suppliers for certain raw materials, components and equipment used in our products, including certain key materials and equipment used in our crystal growth, wafering, polishing, epitaxial deposition, device fabrication, component and lighting assembly processes. We generally purchase these limited source items pursuant to purchase orders and have limited guaranteed supply arrangements with our suppliers. Our suppliers, located around the world, can be subject to many constraints limiting supply that are beyond our control. We believe our current supply of essential materials is sufficient to meet our needs. However, shortages have occurred from time to time and could occur again. Competition Our success depends on our ability to keep pace with the evolving technology standards of the industries we serve. These industries are characterized by rapid technological change, frequent introduction of new products, short product life cycles, changes in end user and customer requirements, and a competitive pricing environment. The evolving nature of these industries may render our existing or future products obsolete, noncompetitive or unmarketable. Any of these developments could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. LED Products LED Chips. The primary competition for our LED chip products comes from companies that manufacture and/or sell nitride-based LED chips. We consider Nichia Corporation (Nichia) to be a competitor because it sells LED chips to a select number of LED packaging companies and it sells packaged LEDs that most often compete directly with our chip customers. We believe, based on industry information, that Nichia currently has the largest market share for nitride-based LEDs. There are many other LED chip producers who sell blue, green and white LED chip products, including OSRAM Semiconductor GmbH (OSRAM), Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd, and Epistar Corporation. These competitors make products for a variety of applications in a range of performance levels that compete directly with our LED chip products. Overall, we believe that performance, price and strength of intellectual property are the most significant factors to compete successfully in the nitride LED market. We believe our products are well positioned to meet the market performance requirements; however, there is significant pricing pressure from a number of competitors. We continually strive to improve our competitive position by developing brighter and higher performing LED chips while focusing on lowering costs. LED Components. The market for lighting class LED components is concentrated primarily in indoor and outdoor commercial lighting; specialty lighting, including torch lamps (flashlights); color changing architectural lighting; signs and signals; and emergency vehicle lighting (for example, fire and rescue vehicles). Nichia, OSRAM and Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, LLC are the main competitors in this market. These companies sell LED components that compete indirectly with our target customers for LED chips and compete directly with our XLamp LED components. Several other companies have products designed to compete with our XLamp LED components, including Avago Technologies Limited, Edison Opto Corporation, Kingbright Corporation, Samsung LED Company (Samsung), and Seoul Semiconductor Co., Ltd. We are positioning our XLamp LED components to compete in this market based on performance, price and usability. 7 Our high brightness LED components compete with a larger number of competitors around the world in a variety of applications including signage, video, automotive, gaming and specialty lighting. We are positioning our high brightness LED components to compete in this market based on performance, price, availability and usability. LED Lighting. Our LED lighting products currently face competition from traditional lighting fixture companies, lamp manufacturers and from non-traditional companies focused on LED lighting systems including fixtures and bulbs. Our LED lighting products compete against traditional lighting products using incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, ceramic metal halide or other lighting technology. Our LED lighting products compete against traditional lighting products based upon superior energy savings, extended life, improved lighting quality and lower total cost of ownership. Also, our LED lighting products have a reduced impact on the environment as compared to fluorescent and compact fluorescent technologies that contain mercury. We also compete with LED-based products from traditional and non-traditional lamp and fixture companies, some of whom are customers for our LED chips and LED components. Our products compete on the basis of color quality and consistency, superior light output, reduced energy consumption, brand and lower total cost of ownership. SiC Wafers. We have continued to maintain our well-established quality and volume leadership position in the sale of SiC wafer and SiC and GaN epitaxy products. We are seeing increased competition in this market. Power and RF Products Power Devices. Our SiC-based power devices compete with similar devices offered by Infineon Technologies AG, STMicroelectronics, and Rohm Co., Ltd. There are also a number of other companies developing SiC-based power devices. In addition, our products compete with existing silicon-based power devices offered by a variety of manufacturers. RF Devices. Currently, Sumitomo Electric Device Innovations, Inc. is the main company offering products that compete directly with our SiC MESFET and GaN HEMT products, although several other companies such as RF Micro Devices Inc., Nitronex Corporation and Triquint Corporation have products that compete with us as well. Our products also face competition from existing silicon and GaAs-based products. Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights We believe it is important to protect our investment in technology by obtaining and enforcing intellectual property rights, including rights under patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright laws. We seek to protect inventions we consider significant by applying for patents in the United States and other countries when appropriate. We have also acquired, through license grants and assignments, rights to patents on inventions originally developed by others. As of June 26, 2011, we owned or held exclusive rights under 721 issued U.S. patents and approximately 1,228 foreign patents with various expiration dates extending up to 2036. We do not consider our business to be materially dependent upon any one patent, and we believe our business will not be materially adversely affected by the expiration of any one patent. For proprietary technology that is not patented, we generally seek to protect the technology and related know-how and information as trade secrets by keeping confidential the information that we believe provides us with a competitive advantage. We attempt to create strong brands for our products and promote our products through trademarks that distinguish them in the market. We may license our customers to use our trademarks in connection with the sale of our products, and we monitor for the proper and authorized use of our marks. 8 Licensing activities and lawsuits to enforce intellectual property rights, particularly patent rights, are a common feature of the semiconductor and LED industries, and we attempt to ensure respect for our intellectual property rights through appropriate actions. The breadth of our intellectual property rights and the extent to which they can be successfully enforced vary across jurisdictions. We both make and receive inquiries regarding possible patent infringements and possible violations of other intellectual property rights in the normal course of business. Depending on the circumstances, we may seek to negotiate a license or other acceptable resolution. If we are unable to achieve a resolution by agreement, we may seek to enforce our rights or defend our position through litigation. Patent litigation in particular is expensive and the outcome is often uncertain. We believe that the strength of our portfolio of patent rights is important in helping us resolve or avoid such disputes with other companies in our industry. Environmental Regulation We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment. These include statutory and regulatory provisions under which we are responsible for the management of hazardous materials we use and the disposition of hazardous wastes resulting from our manufacturing processes. Failure to comply with such provisions could result in fines and other liabilities to the government or third parties, injunctions requiring us to suspend or curtail operations or other remedies, and could have a material adverse effect on our business. Working Capital For a discussion of our working capital practices, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Annual Report. Employees As of June 26, 2011, we employed approximately 4,753 regular full and part-time employees. We also employ individuals on a temporary full-time basis and use the services of contractors as necessary. Certain of our employees in various countries outside of the United States are subject to laws providing representation rights to these employees. We consider relations with our employees to be good. Available Information Our website address is www.cree.com. We make available free of charge through our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, including Interactive Data Files, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These reports may be accessed from our website by following the links under “Investor Relations,” then “SEC Filings.” The information found on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC. We assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in this Annual Report or in other reports filed with the SEC, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless we are required to do so by law. A copy of this Annual Report and our other reports is available without charge upon written request to Investor Relations, Cree, Inc., 4600 Silicon Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27703. 9 Item 1A. Risk Factors Described below are various risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. If any of the risks described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. We face significant challenges managing our growth as the market adopts LEDs for general lighting. Our potential for growth depends significantly on the adoption of LEDs within the general lighting market and our ability to affect this rate of adoption. Although LED lighting has grown rapidly in recent years, adoption of LEDs for general lighting is relatively new, still limited and faces significant challenges before widespread adoption. In order to manage our growth and business strategy effectively in light of uncertainty related to the pace of adoption, we must continue to: • • • • • • maintain, expand and purchase adequate manufacturing facilities and equipment to meet customer demand; maintain a sufficient supply of raw materials to support our growth; expand research and development, sales and marketing, technical support, distribution capabilities and administrative functions; expand the skills and capabilities of our current management team; add experienced senior level managers; and attract and retain qualified employees. While we intend to focus on managing our costs and expenses, over the long term we expect to invest substantially to support our growth and may have additional unexpected costs. For example, we purchased a 565,000-square-foot facility in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China to support LED chip and LED component production in 2009, and we are targeting to expand LED wafer production at our facility in North Carolina. However, such investments take time to become fully operational, and we may not be able to expand quickly enough to exploit targeted market opportunities. There are also inherent execution risks in starting up a new factory or expanding production capacity that could increase costs and reduce our operating results, including design and construction cost overruns, poor production process yields and reduced quality control during the start-up phase. We are also increasingly dependent on information technology to enable us to improve the effectiveness of our operations and to maintain financial accuracy and efficiency. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build, implement and sustain the proper technology infrastructure, we could be subject to transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, loss of customers, business disruptions or loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breach. In connection with our efforts to cost-effectively manage our growth, we have increasingly relied on contractors for production capacity, logistics support and certain administrative functions including hosting of certain information technology software applications. If these service providers do not perform effectively, we may not be able to achieve the expected cost savings and may incur additional costs to correct errors or fulfill customer demand. Depending on the function involved, such errors may also lead to business disruption, processing inefficiencies or the loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breach, or impact employee morale. Our operations may also be negatively impacted if any of these service providers do not have the financial capability to meet our growing needs. 10 If we are unable to effectively develop, manage and expand our distribution channels for our products, our operating results may suffer. We have expanded into business channels that are different from those in which we have historically operated as we grow our business and sell LED lighting products and more LED components versus LED chips. If we are unable to effectively penetrate these channels or develop alternate channels to ensure our products are reaching the appropriate customer base, our financial results may be adversely impacted. In addition, if we successfully penetrate or develop these channels, we cannot guarantee that customers will accept our products or that we will be able to manufacture and deliver them in the timeline established by our customers. We sell a substantial portion of our products to distributors. We rely on distributors to develop and expand their customer base as well as anticipate demand from their customers. If they are not successful, our growth and profitability may be adversely impacted. Distributors must balance the need to have enough products in stock in order to meet their customers’ needs against their internal target inventory levels and the risk of potential inventory obsolescence. The risks of inventory obsolescence are especially true with technological products. The distributors’ internal target inventory levels vary depending on market cycles and a number of factors within each distributor over which we have very little, if any control. Also, the recent earthquake and tsunami in Japan has disrupted demand and may contribute to uncertainty for our distributors that sell to customers within this region. We typically recognize revenue on product sold to distributors when the item is shipped and title passes to the distributor (sell-in method). Certain distributors have limited rights to return inventory under stock rotation programs and have limited price protection rights for which we make estimates. We evaluate inventory levels in the distribution channel, current economic trends and other related factors in order to account for these factors in our judgments and estimates. As inventory levels and product return trends change, we revise our estimates and our operating results could be impacted. The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and have evolving technical requirements. The markets for our products are highly competitive. In the LED market, we compete with companies that manufacture or sell LED chips and LED components as well as those that sell LED lighting products. Competitors continue to offer new LED products with aggressive pricing and improved performance. Competitive pricing pressures may change and could accelerate the rate of decline of our average sales prices. With the growth potential for LEDs, we may face increased competition in the future. For example, Samsung and many other companies have entered the LED market. If the investment in new capacity exceeds the growth in demand, the LED market is likely to become more competitive with additional pricing pressures. Additionally, new technologies could emerge or improvements could be made in existing technologies that may also reduce the demand for LEDs in certain markets. As competition increases, in order to continue to grow our business, we need to continue to develop new products that meet or exceed the needs of our customers. Additionally, we anticipate that increased competition will result in pressure to lower the selling prices of our products. Therefore, our ability to continually produce more efficient, higher brightness LEDs that meet the evolving needs of our customers at lower costs will be critical to our success. Competitors may also try to align with some of our strategic customers. This could mean lower prices for our products, reduced demand for our products and a corresponding reduction in our ability to recover development, engineering and manufacturing costs. Any of these developments could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. 11 We depend on a limited number of customers, including distributors, for a substantial portion of our revenues, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in purchases by, one or more of these customers could adversely affect our operating results. We receive a significant amount of our revenues from a limited number of customers, including distributors. Most of our customer orders are made on a purchase order basis, which does not generally require any long-term customer commitments. Therefore, these customers may alter their past purchasing behavior with little or no notice to us for various reasons, including: developing, or, in the case of our distributors, their customers developing, incorrectly their own product solutions; choosing to purchase product from our competitors; forecasting end market demand for their products; or experiencing a reduction in their market share in the markets for which they purchase our products. If our customers alter their past (or expected) purchasing behavior, or if we encounter any problems collecting amounts due from them, our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted. We operate in an industry that is subject to significant fluctuation in supply and demand that affects our LED revenue and profitability. The LED lighting industry is in the early stages of adoption and is characterized by constant and rapid technological change, rapid product obsolescence and price erosion, evolving standards, short product life-cycles and fluctuations in product supply and demand. The industry has experienced significant fluctuations, often in connection with, or in anticipation of product cycles and declines in general economic conditions. These fluctuations have been characterized by lower product demand, production overcapacity, higher inventory levels and increased pricing pressure. We have experienced these conditions in our business in the past, are currently experiencing these conditions, and may experience such conditions in the future, which could have a material negative impact on our business and results of operations. Our results of operations, financial condition and business could be harmed if we are unable to balance customer demand and capacity. As customer demand for our products changes, we must be able to ramp up or adjust our production capacity to meet demand. We are continually taking steps to address our manufacturing capacity needs for our products. For example, we purchased a 565,000-square-foot facility in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China to support LED chip and LED component production in 2009 and continue to expand LED wafer production at our facility in North Carolina. If we are not able to increase our production capacity at our targeted rate, or if there are unforeseen costs associated with adjusting our capacity levels, we may not be able to achieve our financial targets. Conversely, due to the proportionately high fixed cost nature of our business (such as facility expansion costs), if demand does not increase at the rate forecasted, we may not be able to manage manufacturing expenses or overhead costs at the same rate as demand. This could result in lower margins and adversely impact our business and results of operations. Additionally, if product demand decreases or we fail to forecast demand accurately, we may be required to record impairments on our long-lived assets or record excess inventory write off charges. We have in the past and may in the future be required to record excess capacity charges, which would have a negative impact on our results of operations. In addition, our efforts to improve quoted delivery lead-time performance may result in corresponding reductions in order backlog. A decline in backlog levels could result in more variability and less predictability in our quarter-to-quarter net sales and operating results. If we fail to evaluate and execute strategic opportunities successfully, our business may suffer. From time to time, we evaluate strategic opportunities available to us for product, technology or business transactions, such as business acquisitions or divestitures. For example, in March 2007 we acquired COTCO 12 Luminant Device Limited, a Hong Kong company (now “Cree Hong Kong Limited”) (COTCO), and in February 2008 we acquired LED Lighting Fixtures, Inc. (LLF). If we choose to enter into such transactions, we face certain risks, such as the failure of an acquired business to meet our performance expectations, diversion of management attention, retention of existing customers of our current and acquired businesses due to concerns that new product lines may be in competition with the customers of existing product lines or otherwise, and difficulty integrating an acquired business’s operations, personnel and financial and operating systems into our current business. We may not be able to adequately address these risks or any other problems that arise from our recent or future acquisitions or divestitures. Any failure to successfully evaluate strategic opportunities and address risks or other problems that arise related to any such business transaction could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. As a result of our continued expansion into new markets existing customers may reduce orders. Through acquisitions and organic growth, we continue to expand into new markets. In these new markets, some of our current customers may now perceive us as a competitor. In response, our customers may reduce their orders for our products. This reduction in orders could occur faster than our sales growth in these new markets, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. Our LED revenues are highly dependent on our customers’ ability to produce, market and sell more integrated products using our LED products. Because our customers generally integrate our LED products into the products that they produce, market and sell, our LED revenues depend on getting our LED products designed into a larger number of our customers’ products and in turn, our customers’ ability to produce, market and sell their LED products. For example, we have current and prospective customers that create, or plan to create, lighting systems using our LED components. However, the traditional lighting industry is still developing technical expertise with LED related designs, which may limit the success of our customers’ products. Even if our customers are able to develop and produce LED lighting products, there can be no assurance that our customers will be successful in marketing and selling these products in the marketplace. We also have current and prospective customers that create white LED components using our blue LEDs, in combination with phosphors. Sales of blue LED chips are highly dependent upon our customers’ ability to procure efficient phosphors, develop high quality and highly efficient white LED components and gain access to the necessary intellectual property rights. Even if our customers are able to develop competitive white LED components using our blue LED chips, there can be no assurance that our customers will be successful in the marketplace. The adoption of or changes in government and/or industry policies, standards or regulations relating to the efficiency, performance or other aspects of LED lighting or changes in government and/or industry policies, standards or regulations that discourage the use of certain traditional lighting technologies, could impact the demand for our LED products. The adoption of or changes in government and/or industry policies, standards or regulations relating to the efficiency, performance or other aspects of LED lighting may impact the demand for our LED products. For example, in the second half of calendar year 2010 the Chinese government delayed purchases of LED street and tunnel lighting while developing new standards for the required performance for such lighting products in China. The process resulted in reduced demand for those lighting applications and continues to limit our ability to forecast demand for those applications in the short term. 13 Demand for our LED products may also be impacted by changes in government and/or industry policies, standards or regulations that discourage the use of certain traditional lighting technologies. For example, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 in the United States imposes constraints on the sale of incandescent lights beginning in 2012. These constraints may be eliminated or delayed by legislative action, which could have a negative impact on demand for our products. If governments or their agencies discontinue or curtail their funding, or reduce their demand for our products, our business may suffer. Changes in governmental budget priorities could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Historically, U.S. government agencies have funded a portion of our research and development activities. In addition, U.S. and foreign government agencies have purchased products directly from us and products from our customers for which we supply components. When the government changes budget priorities, such as in times of war or financial crisis, our research and development funding and our product sales are at risk. For example, the U.S. government’s credit rating was recently downgraded to AA+ by one of the leading rating agencies. Further, demand and payment for our products and our customers’ products may be affected by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations. Funding reductions or delays could negatively impact demand for our products. In particular, if U.S. government funding is discontinued or significantly reduced, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. Variations in our production yields could impact our ability to reduce costs and could cause our margins to decline and our operating results to suffer. All of our products are manufactured using technologies that are highly complex. The number of usable items, or yield, from our production processes may fluctuate as a result of many factors, including but not limited to the following: • • • • • • • variability in our process repeatability and control; contamination of the manufacturing environment; equipment failure, power outages, system failures or variations in the manufacturing process; lack of consistency and adequate quality and quantity of piece parts and other raw materials, and other bill of materials items; production yield loss, inventory shrinkage or human errors; defects in production processes (including system assembly) either within our facilities or at our contractors; and any transitions or changes in our production process, planned or unplanned. In the past, we have experienced difficulties in achieving acceptable yields on certain products, which has adversely affected our operating results. We may experience similar problems in the future, and we cannot predict when they may occur or their severity. In addition, our ability to convert volume manufacturing to larger diameter substrates can be an important factor in allowing for a more cost effective manufacturing process. If we are unable to make this transition in a timely or cost effective manner, our results could be negatively impacted. In some instances, we may offer products for future delivery at prices based on planned yield improvements or increased cost efficiencies from other production advances. Failure to achieve these planned improvements or advances could significantly affect our margins and operating results. 14 Catastrophic events may disrupt our business. A disruption or failure of our systems or operations in the event of a natural disaster, health pandemic, such as an influenza outbreak within our workforce, or man-made catastrophic event could cause delays in completing sales, continuing production or performing other critical functions of our business, especially in the case of our single site for SiC wafer and LED fabrication. A catastrophic event, such as the Japan earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 may result in disruption to our direct sales or those of our distributors, our supply chain, or to any of our critical business or information technology systems. This could severely affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and, as a result, our operating results could be adversely affected. There may also be secondary impacts that are unforeseeable as well, such as impacts to our customers and their supply chain, which could cause delays in new orders, delays in completing sales or even order cancellations. For instance, the recent earthquakes and tsunami in Japan have disrupted demand within the market and could negatively impact our backlog. Our operating results are substantially dependent on the development and acceptance of new products. Our future success may depend on our ability to develop new and lower cost solutions for existing and new markets and for customers to accept those solutions. We must introduce new products in a timely and cost- effective manner, and we must secure production orders for those products from our customers. The development of new products is a highly complex process, and we historically have experienced delays in completing the development and introduction of new products. Our research and development efforts are aimed at solving increasingly complex problems, and we do not expect that all of our projects will be successful. The successful development and introduction of these new products depends on a number of factors, including the following: • • • • • • • • • • • • achievement of technology breakthroughs required to make commercially viable devices; the accuracy of our predictions for market requirements beyond near term visibility; our ability to predict, influence, and/or react to evolving standards; acceptance of our new product designs; acceptance of new technology in certain markets; the availability of qualified research and development personnel; our timely completion of product designs and development; our ability to expand direct customer sales and influence key distribution customers to adopt our products; our ability to develop repeatable processes to manufacture new products in sufficient quantities, with the desired specifications and at competitive costs for commercial sales; our ability to effectively transfer products and technology developed in one country to our manufacturing facilities in other countries; our customers’ ability to develop competitive products incorporating our products; and acceptance of our customers’ products by the market. If any of these or other factors becomes problematic, we may not be able to develop and introduce these new products in a timely or cost-effective manner. If our products fail to perform or fail to meet customer requirements or expectations, we could incur significant additional costs, including costs associated with the recall of those items. The manufacture of our products involves highly complex processes. Our customers specify quality, performance and reliability standards that we must meet. If our products do not meet these standards, we may be 15 required to replace or rework the products. In some cases, our products may contain undetected defects or flaws that only become evident after shipment. Even if our products meet standard specifications, our customers may attempt to use our products in applications they were not designed for or in products that were not designed or manufactured properly, resulting in product failures and creating customer satisfaction issues. We have experienced product quality, performance or reliability problems from time to time and defects or failures may occur in the future. If failures or defects occur, we may need to recall our products. These recalls could result in significant losses due to: • • • • • • • costs associated with the removal, collection and destruction of the product recalled; payments made to replace recalled product; a rise in warranty expense and costs associated with customer support; the write down or destruction of existing inventory subject to the recall; lost sales due to the unavailability of product for a period of time; delays, cancellations or rescheduling of orders for our products; or increased product returns. We also may be the target of product liability lawsuits, and could suffer losses from a significant product liability judgment against us if the use of our products at issue is determined to have caused injury. A significant product recall or product liability case could also result in adverse publicity, damage to our reputation, and a loss of customer confidence in our products. Our operations in foreign countries, including China and other Asian countries, expose us to certain risks inherent in doing business internationally, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. As a result of acquisitions and organic growth, we have operations, manufacturing facilities and contract manufacturing arrangements in foreign countries that expose us to certain risks. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may affect our revenues, expenses and results of operations as well as the value of our assets and liabilities as reflected in our financial statements. We are also subject to other types of risks, including the following: • • • • • • • • • protection of intellectual property and trade secrets; tariffs, customs and other barriers to importing/exporting materials and products in a cost effective and timely manner; timing and availability of export licenses; rising labor costs; disruptions in or inadequate infrastructure of the foreign countries where we operate; difficulties in accounts receivable collections; difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; the burden of complying with foreign and international laws and treaties; and the burden of complying with and changes in international taxation policies. In some instances, we have been provided and may continue to receive competing incentives from foreign governments to encourage our investment in certain countries, regions, or areas outside of the United States. In particular, we have received and may continue to receive such incentives in connection with our operations in 16 Asia, as Asian national and local governments seek to encourage the development of the technology industry. Government incentives may include tax rebates, reduced tax rates, favorable lending policies and other measures, some or all of which may be available to us due to our foreign operations. Any of these incentives could be reduced or eliminated by governmental authorities at any time. Any reduction or elimination of incentives currently provided to our operations could adversely affect our business and results of operations. These same governments also may provide increased incentives to or require production processes that favor local companies, which could further negatively impact our business and results of operations. Abrupt political change, terrorist activity and armed conflict pose a risk of general economic disruption in affected countries, which could also result in an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Litigation could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. We are often involved in patent infringement litigation as described in Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. Defending against existing and potential litigation will likely require significant attention and resources and, regardless of the outcome, result in significant legal expenses, which could adversely affect our results unless covered by insurance or recovered from third parties. If our defenses are ultimately unsuccessful, or if we are unable to achieve a favorable resolution, we could be liable for damage awards that could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition. Where necessary, we may initiate litigation to enforce our patent or other intellectual property rights. Any such litigation may require us to spend a substantial amount of time and money and could distract management from our day-to-day operations. Moreover, there is no assurance that we will be successful in any such litigation. Our business may be impaired by claims that we, or our customers, infringe the intellectual property rights of others. Vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights characterize our industry. These traits have resulted in significant and often protracted and expensive litigation. Litigation to determine the validity of patents or claims by third parties of infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights could result in significant legal expense and divert the efforts of our technical personnel and management, even if the litigation results in a determination favorable to us. In the event of an adverse result in such litigation, we could be required to: • • • • • • • pay substantial damages; indemnify our customers; stop the manufacture, use and sale of products found to be infringing; incur asset impairment charges; discontinue the use of processes found to be infringing; expend significant resources to develop non-infringing products or processes; or obtain a license to use third party technology. There can be no assurance that third parties will not attempt to assert infringement claims against us, or our customers, with respect to our products. In addition, our customers may face infringement claims directed to the customer’s products that incorporate our products, and an adverse result could impair the customer’s demand for our products. We have also promised certain of our customers that we will indemnify them in the event they are sued by our competitors for infringement claims directed to the products we supply. Under these indemnification obligations, we may be responsible for future payments to resolve infringement claims against them. 17 From time to time, we receive correspondence asserting that our products or processes are or may be infringing patents or other intellectual property rights of others. If we believe the assertions may have merit or in other appropriate circumstances, we take steps to seek to obtain a license or to avoid the infringement. However, we cannot predict whether a license will be available; that we would find the terms of any license offered acceptable; or that we would be able to develop an alternative solution. Failure to obtain a necessary license or develop an alternative solution could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and costs and to suspend the manufacture of affected products. There are limitations on our ability to protect our intellectual property. Our intellectual property position is based in part on patents owned by us and patents licensed to us. We intend to continue to file patent applications in the future, where appropriate, and to pursue such applications with U.S. and foreign patent authorities. However, our existing patents are subject to expiration and we cannot be sure that additional patents will be issued on any new applications around the covered technology or that our existing or future patents will not be successfully contested by third parties. Also, since issuance of a valid patent does not prevent other companies from using alternative, non-infringing technology, we cannot be sure that any of our patents, or patents issued to others and licensed to us, will provide significant commercial protection, especially as new competitors enter the market. We periodically discover products that are counterfeit reproductions of our products or that otherwise infringe on our intellectual property rights. The actions we take to establish and protect trademarks, patents, and other intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent imitation of our products by others, and therefore, may adversely affect our sales and our brand and result in the shift of customer preference away from our products. Further, the actions we take to establish and protect trademarks, patents and other intellectual property rights could result in significant legal expense and divert the efforts of our technical personnel and management, even if the litigation or other action results in a determination favorable to us. We also rely on trade secrets and other non-patented proprietary information relating to our product development and manufacturing activities. We try to protect this information through appropriate efforts to maintain its secrecy, including requiring employees and third parties to sign confidentiality agreements. We cannot be sure that these efforts will be successful or that the confidentiality agreements will not be breached. We also cannot be sure that we would have adequate remedies for any breach of such agreements or other misappropriation of our trade secrets, or that our trade secrets and proprietary know-how will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by others. We may be subject to intellectual property theft or misuse, which could harm our business and results of operations. We may face attempts by others to gain unauthorized access to our intellectual property. These attempts might be the result of industrial or other espionage, or actions by hackers seeking to harm us. We actively seek to prevent, detect and investigate any security incidents, but in some cases we might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. The theft and/or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information as a result of such an incident could adversely affect our competitive position and the value of our investment in research and development, product development, and marketing could be reduced. Our business could be subject to significant disruption, and we could suffer monetary or other losses. Our business may be adversely affected by uncertainties in the global financial markets and our, or our customers’ or suppliers’ ability to access the capital markets. Global financial markets continue to reflect uncertainty about a sustained global economic recovery. Given these uncertainties, there could be future disruptions in the global economy, financial markets and consumer 18 confidence. If economic conditions deteriorate unexpectedly, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. For example, our customers, including our distributors and their customers, may continue to experience difficulty obtaining the financing necessary to support historical or projected purchasing patterns, which could negatively affect our results of operations. Although we believe we have adequate liquidity and capital resources to fund our operations internally, our inability to access the capital markets on favorable terms in the future, or at all, may adversely affect our financial performance. The inability to obtain adequate financing from debt or capital sources in the future could force us to self-fund strategic initiatives or even forego certain opportunities, which in turn could potentially harm our performance. We are subject to risks related to international sales and purchases. We expect that revenue from international sales will continue to represent the majority of our total revenue. In fiscal 2011, approximately 76% of our revenue was derived from sales to non-U.S. customers, with approximately 36% of revenue from sales to customers in China. As such, a significant slowdown in these foreign economies or lower investments in new infrastructure could have a negative impact on our sales. We also purchase a portion of the materials included in our products from overseas sources. Our international sales and purchases are subject to numerous U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including, without limitation, tariffs, trade barriers, regulations relating to import-export control, technology transfer restrictions, the International Traffic in Arms Regulation promulgated under the Arms Export Control Act, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the anti-boycott provisions of the U.S. Export Administration Act. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could be liable for administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, and in the extreme case, we could be suspended or debarred from government contracts or have our export privileges suspended, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. International sales and purchases are also subject to a variety of other risks, including risks arising from currency fluctuations, collection issues and taxes. Our international sales are subject to variability as our selling prices become less competitive in countries with currencies that are declining in value against the U.S. Dollar and more competitive in countries with currencies that are increasing in value against the U.S. Dollar. In addition, our international purchases can become more expensive if the U.S. Dollar weakens against the foreign currencies in which we are billed. We have not entered into any foreign currency derivative financial instruments; however, we may choose to do so in the future in an effort to manage or hedge our foreign exchange rate risk. We rely on a number of key sole source and limited source suppliers, and are subject to high price volatility on certain commodity inputs, variations in parts quality, and raw material consistency and availability. We depend on a number of sole source and limited source suppliers for certain raw materials, including rare earth elements, components, services and equipment used in manufacturing our products, including key materials and equipment used in critical stages of our manufacturing processes. Although alternative sources generally exist for these items, qualification of many of these alternative sources could take up to six months or longer. Where possible, we attempt to identify and qualify alternative sources for our sole and limited source suppliers. We generally purchase these sole or limited source items with purchase orders, and we have limited guaranteed supply arrangements with such suppliers. Some of our sources can have variations in attributes and availability which can affect our ability to produce products in sufficient volume or quality. We do not control the time and resources that these suppliers devote to our business, and we cannot be sure that these suppliers will perform their obligations to us. Additionally, general shortages in the marketplace of certain raw materials or key 19 components, such as passive electrical components used in LED lighting applications, may adversely impact our business. In the past, we have experienced decreases in our production yields when suppliers have varied from previously agreed upon specifications that have impacted our cost of sales. Additionally, the inability of our suppliers to access capital efficiently could cause disruptions in their businesses, thereby negatively impacting ours. This risk may increase if an economic downturn negatively affects key suppliers or a significant number of our other suppliers. Any delay in product delivery or other interruption or variation in supply from these suppliers could prevent us from meeting commercial demand for our products. If we were to lose key suppliers, our key suppliers were unable to support our demand for any reason, or we were unable to identify and qualify alternative suppliers, our manufacturing operations could be interrupted or hampered significantly. We rely on arrangements with independent shipping companies for the delivery of our products from vendors and to customers in both the United States and abroad. The failure or inability of these shipping companies to deliver products, or the unavailability of their shipping services, even temporarily, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We may also be adversely affected by an increase in freight surcharges due to rising fuel costs and added security. In our fabrication process we consume a number of precious metals and other commodities, which are subject to high price volatility. Our operating margins could be significantly affected if we are not able to pass along price increases to our customers. In addition, production could be disrupted by the unavailability of the resources used in production such as water, silicon, electricity and gases. Future environmental regulations could restrict supply or increase the cost of certain of those materials. Changes in our effective tax rate may have an adverse effect on our results. Our future effective tax rates may be adversely affected by a number of factors including: • • • • • • • • • • • the jurisdiction in which profits are determined to be earned and taxed; changes in government administrations, such as the Presidency and Congress of the U.S. as well as in the states and countries in which we operate; changes in tax laws or interpretation of such tax laws and changes in generally accepted accounting principles; the resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various authorities; changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns; increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including write-offs of acquired in-process research and development and impairment of goodwill in connection with acquisitions; changes in available tax credits; the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions; the lack of sufficient excess tax benefits (credits) in our additional paid in capital (APIC) pool in situations where our realized tax deductions for certain stock-based compensation awards (such as non-qualified stock options and restricted stock) are less than those originally anticipated; and the repatriation of non-U.S. earnings for which we have not previously provided for U.S. taxes, or any changes in legislation that may result in these earnings being taxed within the U.S., regardless of our decision regarding repatriation of funds. 20 For example, proposals have been made by various U.S. governmental bodies to change the U.S. tax laws that include, among other things, limiting U.S. tax deductions for expenses related to un-repatriated foreign- source income and modifying the U.S. foreign tax credit rules. Although the scope of the proposed changes is unclear, it is possible that these or other changes in U.S. tax laws could increase our U.S. income tax liability and adversely affect our profitability. At this time, we cannot determine the timing that the proposed changes, if enacted, would become effective. Any significant increase in our future effective tax rates could adversely impact net income for future periods. In addition, the determination of our income tax provision requires complex estimations, significant judgments and significant knowledge and experience concerning the applicable tax laws. To the extent our income tax liability materially differs from our income tax provisions and accruals due to factors, including the above, which were not anticipated at the time we estimated our tax provision, our net income or cash flows could be adversely affected. Our stock price may be volatile. Historically, our common stock has experienced substantial price volatility, particularly as a result of significant fluctuations in our revenue, earnings and margins over the past few years and variations between our actual financial results and the published expectations of analysts. For example, the closing price per share of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market ranged from a low of $33.15 in fiscal 2011 to a high of $75.63 in the same fiscal year. If our future operating results or margins are below the expectations of stock market analysts or our investors, our stock price will likely decline. Speculation in the press or investment community about our strategic position, financial condition, results of operations, or significant transactions can also cause changes in our stock price. In particular, speculation around our market opportunities for energy efficient lighting may have a dramatic effect on our stock price, especially as various government agencies announce their planned investments in energy efficient technology, including lighting. In order to compete, we must attract, motivate and retain key employees, and our failure to do so could harm our results of operations. Hiring and retaining qualified executives, scientists, engineers, technical staff and sales personnel is critical to our business, and competition for experienced employees in our industry can be intense. As a global company, this issue is not limited to the United States, but includes our other locations such as Europe and China. For example, there is substantial competition in China for qualified and capable personnel, particularly experienced engineers and technical personnel, which may make it difficult for us to recruit and retain qualified employees. Also, within Huizhou, China, there are other large companies building manufacturing plants that will likely attract qualified employees. If we are unable to staff sufficient and adequate personnel at our China facilities, we may experience lower revenues or increased manufacturing costs, which would adversely affect our results of operations. To help attract, motivate and retain key employees, we use benefits such as stock-based compensation awards, which include non-qualified stock options and restricted stock. If the value of such stock awards does not appreciate, as measured by the performance of the price of our common stock, or if our share-based compensation otherwise ceases to be viewed as a valuable benefit, our ability to attract, retain and motivate employees could be weakened, which could harm our business and results of operations. 21 Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations worldwide could harm our business and results of operations. The manufacturing, assembling and testing of our products require the use of hazardous materials that are subject to a broad array of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with any of these applicable laws or regulations could result in: • • • • regulatory penalties, fines, legal liabilities, and the forfeiture of certain tax benefits; suspension of production; alteration of our fabrication, assembly and test processes; and curtailment of our operations or sales. In addition, our failure to manage the use, transportation, emission, discharge, storage, recycling or disposal of hazardous materials could subject us to increased costs or future liabilities. Existing and future environmental laws and regulations could also require us to acquire pollution abatement or remediation equipment, modify our product designs or incur other expenses, such as permit costs, associated with such laws and regulations. Many new materials that we are evaluating for use in our operations may be subject to regulation under existing or future environmental laws and regulations that may restrict our use of one or more of such materials in our manufacturing, assembly and test processes or products. Any of these restrictions could harm our business and results of operations by increasing our expenses or requiring us to alter our manufacturing processes. For example, under the recently adopted greenhouse gas regulations in the U.S., most of our manufacturing facilities in the U.S. may be considered “major sources” under the Clean Air Act in 2011. This change could likely result in increased costs for our U.S. operations, such as increased control and remediation requirements, additional monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting costs. Our results could vary as a result of the methods, estimates and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies, including changes in the accounting regulations to be applied. The methods, estimates and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on our results (see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7 of this Annual Report). Such methods, estimates and judgments are, by their nature, subject to substantial risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and factors may arise over time that lead us to change our methods, estimates and judgments. Changes in those methods, estimates and judgments could significantly affect our results. Likewise, our results may be impacted due to changes in the accounting rules to be applied, such as the increased use of fair value measurement rules, proposed changes in revenue recognition requirements, and the potential requirement that U.S. registrants prepare financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets become impaired. We are required under generally accepted accounting principles to review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets or goodwill may not be recoverable include a decline in stock price and market capitalization and slower growth rates in our industry. We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our amortizable intangible assets or goodwill is determined to exist. This could adversely impact our results of operations. 22 We are exposed to fluctuations in the market value of our investment portfolio and in interest rates, and therefore, impairment of our investments or lower investment income could harm our earnings. We are exposed to market value and inherent interest rate risk related to our investment portfolio. We have historically invested portions of our available cash in fixed interest rate securities such as high-grade corporate debt, commercial paper, government securities and other fixed interest rate investments. The primary objective of our investment policy is preservation of principal. However, our investments are generally not FDIC insured and may lose value and/or become illiquid regardless of their rating. 23 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Not applicable. Item 2. Properties The table below sets forth information with respect to our significant owned and leased facilities as of June 26, 2011. The sizes of the locations represent the approximate gross square footage of each site’s buildings. Location Total Production Facility Services and Warehousing Administrative Function Housing / Other Size (approximate square footage) Owned Facilities Durham, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Research Triangle Park, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . Huizhou, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749,000 147,500 564,900 500,720 57,000 356,600 106,000 56,000 40,000 142,280 34,500 40,200 — — 128,100 Total Owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461,400 914,320 202,000 216,980 128,100 Leased Facilities Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Huizhou, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shanghai, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morrisville, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goleta, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Misc. sales and support offices . . . . . . . . . . 27,515 392,710 28,976 27,050 25,623 30,885 — 238,539 — — — — — — — — 1,882 — 17,380 — 28,976 27,050 23,741 29,744 10,135 154,171 — — — 1,141 Leased Land Huizhou, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414,952 261,944 Total Leased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947,711 500,483 29,382 31,264 29,529 94,097 156,420 259,544 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,409,111 1,414,803 233,264 373,400 387,644 In the United States, our corporate headquarters as well as our primary research and development and manufacturing operations are located at the Durham, North Carolina facilities that we own. Our facilities sit on approximately 55 acres of developed land that we own. We also own approximately 80 acres of additional land near our site. Currently, we are developing 30 acres of this land for manufacturing space, leaving 50 undeveloped acres. Our power and RF products are primarily produced at our owned manufacturing facility located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. This facility sits on approximately 55 acres of land that we own. We also own a 565,000-square-foot facility in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China. This building sits on land which is leased from the Chinese government through two leases. One lease for 327,440 square feet expires in November 2057. The other lease for 87,512 square feet expires in November 2060. At the end of the lease terms, the land leases will need to be renegotiated. We maintain sales and support offices, through our subsidiaries, in leased office premises in Shenzhen and Shanghai, China; Hong Kong; Tokyo, Japan; Penang, Malaysia; Taipei, Taiwan; and Munich, Germany. In addition, we lease a facility in Goleta, California that is used for research and development and administrative functions. Item 3. Legal Proceedings The information required by this item is set forth under Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report, and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 4. (Removed and Reserved) 24 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Common Stock Market Information Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and is quoted under the symbol CREE. There were 502 holders of record of our common stock as of August 10, 2011. The following table sets forth, for the quarters indicated, the high and low closing sales prices as reported by NASDAQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First Quarter Second Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75.63 72.05 69.20 46.72 $48.72 48.74 42.90 33.15 $38.97 55.26 72.40 83.38 $26.39 34.38 52.66 59.02 Fiscal 2011 Fiscal 2010 High Low High Low We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate that we will do so in the foreseeable future. There are no contractual restrictions in place that currently materially limit, or are likely in the future to materially limit us from paying dividends on our common stock, but applicable state law may limit the payment of dividends. Our present policy is to retain earnings, if any, to provide funds for the operation and expansion of our business. 25 Stock Performance Graph The following information in this Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C under the Exchange Act or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing. The following graph compares the cumulative total return on our common stock with the cumulative total returns of The NASDAQ Composite Index and The NASDAQ Electronic Components Index for the five-year period commencing June 25, 2006. The stock price performance shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total Return* Among Cree, Inc., The NASDAQ Composite Index And The NASDAQ Electronic Components Index $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 6/25/06 6/24/07 6/29/08 6/28/09 6/27/10 6/26/11 Cree, Inc. NASDAQ Composite Index NASDAQ Electronic Components Index * Assumes (1) $100 invested on June 25, 2006 in Cree, Inc. Common Stock, The NASDAQ Composite Index and The NASDAQ Electronic Components Index and (2) the immediate reinvestment of all dividends. Cree, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NASDAQ Composite Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NASDAQ Electronic Components Index . . . . . $100.00 100.00 100.00 $116.69 122.93 125.49 $100.81 110.88 112.73 $127.37 88.94 85.58 $276.97 108.59 105.46 $144.57 130.91 104.70 6/25/2006 6/24/2007 6/29/2008 6/28/2009 6/27/2010 6/26/2011 Sale of Unregistered Securities There were no sales of unregistered securities during fiscal 2011. 26 Stock Repurchase Program There were no repurchases during fiscal 2011 of any of our securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act by or on behalf of us or any affiliated purchaser. As of June 26, 2011, pursuant to an extension of our stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors, we are authorized to repurchase shares of our common stock having an aggregate purchase price not exceeding $200 million for all purchases from June 2011 through the expiration of the program in June 2012. The repurchase program can be implemented through open market or privately negotiated transactions at the discretion of our management. Item 6. Selected Financial Data The consolidated statement of income data set forth below with respect to the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010, and June 28, 2009 and the consolidated balance sheet data at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, the audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report and should be read in conjunction with those financial statements and notes thereto. The consolidated statement of income data for the fiscal years ended June 29, 2008 and June 24, 2007 and the consolidated balance sheet data at June 28, 2009, June 29, 2008, and June 24, 2007 are derived from included herein. All consolidated statement of income data audited consolidated financial statements not excludes Cree Microwave as it has been accounted for as a discontinued operation. Certain fiscal 2010, fiscal 2009, fiscal 2008, and fiscal 2007 amounts have been reclassified to conform to fiscal 2011 classifications. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported income from operations or shareholders’ equity. Selected Consolidated Financial Data (Thousands, except per share data) Statement of Income Data: Revenue, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income from continuing operations . . . . Net income from continuing operations per share, basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income from continuing operations per share, diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted Average Shares Outstanding: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 June 29, 2008 June 24, 2007 Years Ended $ 987,615 $ 168,706 $ 146,500 $ 867,287 $ 197,778 $ 152,290 $ 567,255 30,590 $ 30,650 $ $ 493,296 12,041 $ 31,812 $ $ 394,121 16,656 $ 50,193 $ $ $ 1.35 1.33 $ $ 1.49 1.45 $ $ 0.35 0.34 $ $ 0.37 0.36 $ $ 0.64 0.63 108,522 110,035 102,371 104,698 88,263 89,081 86,366 88,077 78,560 79,496 June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 As of June 28, 2009 June 29, 2008 June 24, 2007 Balance Sheet Data: Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Working capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long term obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,085,797 1,316,579 2,446,722 44,842 2,261,564 $1,066,405 1,235,072 2,199,176 51,037 2,028,048 $ 447,210 500,755 1,404,567 51,138 1,224,748 $ 371,032 408,293 1,313,407 42,992 1,145,740 $ 311,018 379,683 1,116,230 45,782 1,015,999 27 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Executive Summary The following discussion is designed to provide a better understanding of our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, including a brief discussion of our business and products, key factors that impacted our performance, and a summary of our operating results. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. Historical results and percentage relationships among any amounts in the financial statements are not necessarily indicative of trends in operating results for any future periods. Overview We are a leading innovator of lighting-class LEDs, LED lighting and semiconductor products for wireless and power applications. Our products are driving improvements in applications such as general illumination, video displays, automotive, electronic signs and signals, variable-speed motors and wireless systems. We develop and manufacture semiconductor materials and devices primarily based on SiC, GaN and related compounds. The physical and electronic properties of SiC and GaN offer technical advantages over traditional silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), sapphire and other materials used for certain electronic applications. We derive the largest portion of our revenue from sales of our LED products. These products consist of LED chips, LED components, LED lighting products and SiC wafers. Also included in LED product revenues are revenues derived from government agencies to support the development of LED lighting, and license fees from intellectual property rights. As we develop and improve our LED technology and the market continues to focus on energy efficiency, we believe the potential market for LED lighting will continue to expand. Our success in selling LED products depends upon our ability to drive adoption and offer innovative products and solutions that enable our customers to succeed in the market. By driving adoption we believe we can influence the market and open more opportunities for LEDs. In addition, we generate revenue from sales of power and RF products. Also included are revenues derived from government agencies to support the development of SiC- and GaN-based power and RF technology. The majority of our products are manufactured at our production facilities located in North Carolina and China. We also use contract manufacturers for certain aspects of product fabrication and packaging. We operate research and development facilities in North Carolina, California, and China. Operating Segments We currently operate our business as one reportable segment. Industry Dynamics and Trends There are a number of industry factors that affect our business which include, among others: • Overall Demand for Products and Applications using LEDs. Our potential for growth depends significantly on the adoption of LEDs within the general lighting market and our ability to affect this rate of adoption. Although LED lighting has grown in recent years, adoption of LEDs for general lighting is relatively new, still limited, and faces significant challenges before widespread adoption. Demand also fluctuates based on various market cycles, a continuously evolving LED industry supply chain, and demand dynamics in the market. These uncertainties make demand difficult to forecast for us and our customers. 28 • • • • Intense and Constantly Evolving Competitive Environment. Competition in the industry is intense and new companies have entered and are entering the LED market, with many companies making significant investments in LED production equipment. Product pricing pressures exist as market participants often undertake pricing strategies to gain or protect market share and to increase the utilization of their production capacity. To remain competitive, market participants must continuously increase product performance and reduce costs to offset lower average sales prices. To address this pricing pressure, we have invested in the development of 150mm wafer production, which is intended to reduce our costs of producing LED chips. Certain of our competitors also have announced the intention to produce, or have begun producing, LED chips using 150mm wafers. Technological Innovation and Advancement. Innovations and advancements in LED technology continue to expand the potential commercial application of LEDs particularly in the general illumination market. However, new technologies or standards could emerge, or improvements could be made in existing technologies, that reduce or limit the demand for LEDs in certain markets. Regulatory Actions Concerning Energy Efficiency. Many countries have already instituted or have announced plans to institute government regulations and programs designed to encourage or mandate increased energy efficiency, even in some cases banning forms of incandescent lighting, which are advancing the adoption of more energy efficient lighting solutions such as LEDs. While this trend is generally positive, there have been some political efforts in the United States to change or limit the effectiveness of these new regulations. Intellectual Property Issues. Market participants rely on patented and non-patented proprietary information relating to product development, manufacturing capabilities and other core competencies of their business. Protection of intellectual property is critical. Therefore, steps such as additional patent applications, confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements, as well as other security measures are generally taken. To enforce or protect intellectual property rights, litigation or threatened litigation commonly occurs. Fiscal 2011 Overview The following is a summary of our financial results for the year ended June 26, 2011: • Our year over year revenues increased 14% to $987.6 million. • While gross margin percentage declined from 47% in fiscal 2010 to 44% in fiscal 2011, gross profit increased by $24.7 million. • We achieved operating income of $168.7 million in fiscal 2011 compared to $197.8 million in fiscal 2010. Net income per diluted share was $1.33 compared to $1.45 for fiscal 2010. • • Combined cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments increased to $1,085.8 million at June 26, 2011 compared to $1,066.4 million at June 27, 2010. Inventory increased to $176.5 million at June 26, 2011 compared to $112.2 million at June 27, 2010. • We spent $237.1 million on capital expenditures in fiscal 2011 compared to $168.6 million in fiscal 2010 as we continue to expand our manufacturing capacity. Business Outlook We project that the markets for our products will remain highly competitive during fiscal 2012. We anticipate focusing on the following key areas, among others, in response to this competitive environment: • Build on our market leadership and drive adoption of LED lighting. We are focused on developing innovative new LED lighting systems to drive adoption, and new LED components that enable our customers to deliver a more competitive payback versus traditional lighting. We recognize that our 29 leadership in lighting systems can sometimes raise questions with our component customers, but we believe this product line has helped the Company set new standards in the market and disrupt the status quo in the lighting industry. We plan to continue to invest lines to increase performance, enable lower lighting system costs with shorter paybacks (like our CR series downlights and troffers), and find new ways to drive the market and obsolete old, energy-wasting lighting technology. in these product • • Accelerate cost reductions and drive operational improvements to increase the profitability of our business. We target lower LED costs from the conversion to 150mm wafers, higher factory utilization, as well as yield and productivity improvements. We plan to lower LED lighting system costs with new product designs that are under development and we target improved operating leverage from higher revenues across our LED lighting systems and component product lines. Expand the power and RF product line beyond niche applications. SiC power devices can deliver better performance and increased payback against silicon (Si) based power devices in applications where efficiency is an important criteria. We target continued investment in R&D for new diode and switch products focused on more mainstream and higher volume power switching applications. We are managing the product line through a slowdown in solar inverter demand, which we believe is a temporary market correction. We target the combination of new products, improved market demand and expanded sales coverage to drive growth in the product line. Subsequent Event On August 17, 2011, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with all of the shareholders of Ruud Lighting, Inc. (Ruud). Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the Stock Purchase Agreement, we acquired all of the outstanding share capital of Ruud in exchange for consideration consisting of 6,074,833 shares of our common stock and $372.2 million cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. In connection with the stock purchase transaction with Ruud, we paid off Ruud’s outstanding debt in the aggregate amount of approximately $85 million. 30 Results of Operations The following table sets forth certain consolidated statement of income data for the periods indicated: (in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) Dollars % of Revenue Dollars % of Revenue Dollars % of Revenue Revenue, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $987,615 551,842 Cost of revenue, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100% $867,287 56% 456,180 100% $567,255 53% 355,349 100% 63% 2011 2010 2009 Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435,773 44% 411,107 47% 211,906 Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of acquisition related intangibles . . . . . Loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived 115,035 139,304 10,776 12% 81,407 14% 115,601 1% 12,180 9% 71,363 13% 86,929 1% 16,248 assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,952 0% 4,141 1% 6,776 Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other non-operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income, net 168,706 993 8,528 17% 197,778 294 0% 7,400 1% 23% 30,590 281 0% 8,796 1% Income from continuing operations before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax . . . . . . 178,227 31,727 146,500 — 18% 205,472 3% 53,182 15% 152,290 — 0% 24% 39,667 9,017 6% 18% 30,650 325 0% Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $146,500 15% $152,290 18% $ 30,325 Diluted earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.33 $ 1.45 $ 0.34 37% 13% 15% 3% 1% 5% 0% 2% 7% 2% 5% 0% 5% Revenues Revenues for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 were comprised of the following (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 LED products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power and RF products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $889,991 $789,947 $524,318 $100,044 13% $265,629 51% 90% 91% 92% 97,624 77,340 42,937 20,284 26% 34,403 80% 10% 9% 8% Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $987,615 $867,287 $567,255 $120,328 14% $300,032 53% LED Products. We derive the largest portion of our revenue from the sale of our LED products which comprised approximately 90%, 91%, and 92% of our total revenues for fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Revenues from our LED products were $890.0, $789.9, and $524.3 million for fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Revenue from LED products increased approximately 13% to $890.0 million in fiscal 2011 from $789.9 million in fiscal 2010. This increase was driven by increased sales of LED components and LED lighting systems, partially offset by lower demand for LED chips and a more aggressive pricing environment. While individual LED product average selling prices (ASPs) declined year over year due to a more competitive pricing 31 environment, the blended ASP for our LED products increased by 58% in fiscal 2011 compared to fiscal 2010. This increase was due to a shift in product mix to a higher proportion of revenues generated from sales of our LED components and LED lighting products versus our LED chips. Revenue from our LED products increased $265.6 million or 51% to $789.9 million in fiscal 2010 as compared to $524.3 million in fiscal 2009. We experienced year over year sales growth across all of our LED products with sales of LED components driving the majority of the overall increase. The blended ASP for our LED products increased approximately 13% in fiscal 2010 as compared to fiscal 2009. This increase was due to a shift in product mix to a higher proportion of revenues generated from sales of our LED components and LED lighting products. Power and RF Products. Revenues from our power and RF products comprised approximately 10%, 9%, and 8% of our total revenues for fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Revenues from our power and RF products were $97.6, $77.3, and $42.9 million for fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Revenue from power and RF increased approximately 26% to $97.6 million in fiscal 2011 from $77.3 million in fiscal 2010. The increase in our power and RF products revenue was primarily due to increased orders for SiC Schottky diodes and GaN MMICs. Revenue from our power and RF products increased $34.4 million or 80% in fiscal 2010 as compared to fiscal 2009. The increase in our power and RF business was primarily due to an increase in orders for SiC Schottky diodes and GaN MMICs. Gross Profit Cost of revenue includes materials, labor and overhead costs incurred internally or paid to contract manufacturers to produce our products. Gross profit in dollars and gross margin were as follows (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 Total gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total gross margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $435,773 $411,107 $211,906 $24,666 6% $199,201 94% 44% 47% 37% Total gross margin was 44%, 47%, and 37% for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively and gross profit totaled $435.8 million, $411.1 million and $211.9 million for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Gross profit increased approximately 6% to $435.8 million in fiscal 2011 from $411.1 million in fiscal 2010. The increase in gross profit is primarily due to our higher revenue in fiscal 2011. For fiscal 2011 our gross margin decreased to 44% from 47% in fiscal 2010. Factors contributing to the decrease in gross margin were a more aggressive pricing environment and lower factory utilization. Gross profit increased $199.2 million or 94% in fiscal 2010 as compared to fiscal 2009 and our gross margin increased to 47% from 37% over the same period. Factors contributing to the increase in gross margin were increased demand and better factory utilization, higher product yields, favorable pricing environment and the successful introduction of a number of new products. 32 Research and Development Research and development expenses include costs associated with the development of new products, enhancements of existing products and general technology research. These costs consist primarily of employee salaries and related compensation costs, occupancy costs, consulting costs and the cost of development equipment and supplies. The following sets forth our research and development expenses in dollars and as a percentage of revenues (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $115,035 $81,407 $71,363 $33,628 41% $10,044 14% 12% 9% 13% Research and development expenses in fiscal 2011 increased 41% to $115.0 million from $81.4 million in fiscal 2010. The increase was primarily due to increased spending to support the transition to 150mm wafer capabilities as well as continued research and development activities focused on new LED chips, LED components, LED lighting products, and power products. Our research and development expenses vary significantly from year to year based on a number of factors, including: the timing of new product introductions, timing of expenditures and the number and nature of our ongoing research and development activities. However, we anticipate that in general our research and development expenses will continue to increase over time to support future growth. Research and development expenses increased 14% in fiscal 2010 to $81.4 million compared to $71.4 million in fiscal 2009. This increase was primarily due to our continued research and development activities focusing on brighter LED chips, new and improved LED components, new LED lighting products and larger wafer development. Sales, General and Administrative Sales, general and administrative expenses are composed primarily of costs associated with our sales and marketing personnel and our executive and administrative personnel (for example, legal, finance, information technology and human resources personnel) and consist of 1) salaries and related compensation costs, 2) consulting and other professional services (such as litigation and other outside legal counsel fees, audit and other compliance costs), 3) facilities and insurance costs, and 4) travel and other costs. The following table sets forth our sales, general and administrative expenses in dollars and as a percentage of revenues (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 Sales, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $139,304 $115,601 $86,929 $23,703 21% $28,672 33% 14% 13% 15% Sales, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2011 increased 21% to $139.3 million from $115.6 million in fiscal 2010. The increase in fiscal 2011 is primarily due to an increase in spending on sales and marketing as we expand our direct sales resources and channels and invest in building the Cree brand. Additionally, costs increased due to higher patent litigation expenses. Sales, general and administrative expenses increased 33% in fiscal 2010 to $115.6 million compared to $86.9 million in fiscal 2009. The increase in costs in fiscal 2010 is primarily due to increased spending on sales 33 and marketing as we expanded our sales channels and invested in building the Cree brand as well as one-time costs related to the settlement of the Neumark litigation. Additionally, costs increased due to the general expansion of our business and increased employee compensation costs. Amortization of Acquisition Related Intangibles As a result of our acquisitions, we have recorded various intangible assets, including customer relationships and developed technologies. During fiscal 2007, we acquired INTRINSIC Semiconductor Corporation and COTCO, resulting in $63.7 million of amortizable intangible assets principally composed of customer relationships and developed technology. In fiscal 2008, we acquired LLF, resulting in an additional $41.2 million of amortizable intangible assets. These intangible assets are principally composed of developed technology that specifically relates to technologies underlying the development of LED lighting products for the general illumination market. Amortization of intangible assets related to our acquisitions is as follows (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 INTRINSIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COTCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LLF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 745 6,932 3,099 $ 745 8,290 3,145 $ 745 12,358 3,145 $ — (1,358) (46) 0% $ — -16% (4,068) -1% — 0% -33% 0% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,776 $12,180 $16,248 $(1,404) -12% $(4,068) -25% Loss on Disposal or Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We operate a capital intensive business. As such, we dispose of a certain level of our equipment in the normal course of business as our production processes change due to production improvement initiatives or product mix changes. Due to the risk of technological obsolescence or changes in our production process, we regularly review our equipment for possible impairments in value. The following table sets forth our loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 Loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,952 $4,141 $6,776 $(2,189) -53% $(2,635) -39% 0% 1% 1% We recorded a net loss of $2.0 million on the disposal of long-lived assets in fiscal 2011 compared to a net loss of $4.1 million in fiscal 2010. The causes of the fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 net losses include the disposal of equipment due to manufacturing process changes and the impairment of certain capitalized patent costs. We recorded a loss of $4.1 million on the disposal of long-lived assets in fiscal 2010 compared to a loss of $6.8 million in fiscal 2009. The fiscal 2009 loss is composed of losses due to the impairment of certain equipment due to manufacturing process changes, the impairment of capitalized patent costs and losses on the disposal of equipment. 34 Non-Operating Income The following table sets forth our non-operating income (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 Other non-operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 993 8,528 $ 294 7,400 $ 281 8,796 $ 699 238% $ 1,128 13 15% (1,396) 5% -16% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $9,521 $7,694 $9,077 $1,827 24% $(1,383) -15% We have no debt or lines of credit and we are in a net interest income position. We have historically invested portions of our available cash in fixed interest rate securities such as high-grade corporate debt, commercial paper, government securities, municipal bonds, and other fixed interest rate investments. The primary objective of our investment policy is preservation of principal. For fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, we did not have any significant gains or losses realized from the sale of our investments. Net interest income was $8.5 million in fiscal 2011 compared to $7.4 million and $8.8 million in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively. Year over year changes in interest income are due to a combination of fluctuations in interest rates on our cash and investments and differences between the periods in our average cash and investment balances. Other non-operating income, net, is comprised primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses. Income Tax Expense The following table sets forth our income tax expense in dollars and our effective tax rate from continuing operations (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective tax rate on continuing operations . . . $31,727 $53,182 $9,017 $(21,455) -40% $44,165 490% 18% 26% 23% We recorded income tax expense of $31.7 million from continuing operations in fiscal 2011 as compared to income tax expense of $53.2 million in fiscal 2010. The decrease in the effective tax rate from 26% in fiscal 2010 to 18% in fiscal 2011 is primarily due to a change in the mix of pre-tax income from various tax jurisdictions, primarily mainland China and Hong Kong, and the new tax holiday in Malaysia with respect to our subcontract manufacturing and distribution operations. The increase in the effective tax rate from 23% in fiscal 2009 to 26% in fiscal 2010 was primarily due to the mix of pre-tax income from various tax jurisdictions. For further discussion of changes in our effective tax rate, please refer to Note 12, “Income Taxes,” in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. The variation between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 35% is primarily due to the consolidation of our foreign operations, which are generally subject to income taxes at lower statutory rates. A change in the mix of pretax income from these various tax jurisdictions can have a significant impact on our periodic effective tax rate. In addition, our effective tax rate may be negatively impacted by the lack of sufficient excess tax benefits (credits) that accumulate in our equity as additional paid-in-capital (APIC) and referred to as the “APIC pool” of credits. In situations where our realized tax deductions for certain stock based compensation 35 awards, such as non-qualified stock options and restricted stock, are less than those originally anticipated, which accumulate in the APIC pool, U.S. GAAP requires that we record the difference as an increase to income tax expense. Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview We require cash to fund our operating expenses and working capital requirements, including outlays for research and development, capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions and investments. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand, marketable investments and cash generated from operations. Our ability to generate cash from operations has been one of our fundamental strengths and has provided us with substantial flexibility in meeting our operating, financing and investing needs. We have no debt or lines of credit and have minimal lease commitments. Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe our cash and cash equivalents, investments, cash generated from operations and our ability to access capital markets will satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures, investment requirements, stock repurchases, contractual obligations, commitments and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations through at least the next 12 months. From time to time, we evaluate strategic opportunities, including potential acquisitions, divestitures or investments in complementary businesses and we anticipate continuing to make such evaluations. We may also access capital markets through the issuance of new debt or additional shares of common stock in connection with the acquisition of complementary businesses or other significant assets or for other strategic opportunities. Contractual Obligations At June 26, 2011, payments to be made pursuant to significant contractual obligations are as follows (in thousands): Contractual Obligations Payments due by period Total Less than One Year One to Three Years Three to Five Years More Than Five Years Long-term debt obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — — 2,664 167,236 2,718 — 7,910 181,633 4,296 $ — — 3,455 8,736 1,578 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $193,839 $172,618 $13,769 $ — — 1,791 4,128 — $5,919 $ — — — 1,533 — $1,533 Operating leases include rental amounts due on leases of certain office and manufacturing space under the terms of non-cancelable operating leases. These leases expire at various times through November 2015. All of the lease agreements provide for rental adjustments for increases in base rent, property taxes and general property maintenance that would be recorded as rent expense, if applicable. Purchase obligations generally relate to the purchase of goods and services in the ordinary course of business such as raw materials, supplies and capital equipment. Our purchase obligations represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. Other long-term liabilities represents liabilities related to uncertain tax positions. 36 Financial Condition The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents and investments (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 390,598 695,199 $ 397,431 668,974 $ (6,833) 26,225 Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . $1,085,797 $1,066,405 $19,392 June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 Change Our liquidity and capital resources depend on our cash flows from operations and our working capital. Our working capital increased to $1,316.6 million as of June 26, 2011 from $1,235.1 million at June 27, 2010, primarily due to an increase in inventory. The following table presents the components of our cash conversion cycle: Days of sales outstanding (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of supply in inventory (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in accounts payable (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash conversion cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 Change 44 106 (46) 104 40 76 (43) 73 4 30 (3) 31 a) Days of sales outstanding (DSO) calculates the average collection period of our receivables. DSO is based on the ending net trade receivables and the revenue for the quarter then ended. DSO is calculated by adding ending accounts receivable, net of applicable allowances and reserves, and dividing that sum by the average net revenue per day for the respective quarter. b) Days of supply in inventory (DSI) measures the average number of days from procurement to sale of our product. DSI is based on ending inventory and cost of goods sold for the quarter then ended. DSI is calculated by dividing inventory by average cost of goods sold per day for the respective quarter. c) Days in accounts payable (DPO) calculates the average number of days our payables remain outstanding before payment. DPO is based on ending accounts payable and cost of goods sold for the quarter then ended. DPO is calculated by dividing accounts payable by the average cost of goods sold per day for the respective quarter. Overall our cash conversion cycle, or days to cash, increased primarily due to an increase in inventory on hand. The increase in inventory is primarily related to our building product in response to a higher demand forecast than our actual results. As of June 26, 2011, substantially all of our investments had investment grade ratings, and any such investments that were in an unrealized loss position at June 26, 2011 were in such position due to interest rate changes, sector credit rating changes or company-specific rating changes. As we intend and believe that we have the ability to hold such investments for a period of time that will be sufficient for anticipated recovery in market value, we currently expect to receive the full principal or recover our cost basis in these securities. When evaluating our investments for possible impairment, we review factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below our cost basis, the financial condition of the entity in which the investment is made, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time that may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in market value. The declines in value of the securities in our portfolio are considered to be temporary in nature and, accordingly, we do not believe these securities are impaired as of June 26, 2011. We believe our current working capital and anticipated cash flows from operations will be adequate to meet our cash needs for our daily operations and capital expenditures for fiscal 2012. We have and may continue to use a portion of our available cash and cash equivalents, or funds underlying our marketable securities, to 37 repurchase shares of our common stock. With our strong working capital position, we believe that we have the ability to continue to invest in further development of our products and, when necessary or appropriate, make selective acquisitions or other strategic investments to strengthen our product portfolio, secure key intellectual properties, or expand our production capacity. Cash Flows In summary, our cash flows were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended Year-Over-Year Change June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 2010 to 2011 2009 to 2010 Cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . Cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . . Effect of foreign exchange changes . . . . . . . . . . . $ 251,380 (303,234) 44,546 475 $ 250,569 (763,387) 619,799 296 $ 177,919 (174,843) 24,651 794 $ 811 460,153 (575,253) 179 $ 72,650 (588,544) 595,148 (498) Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (6,833) $ 107,277 $ 28,521 $(114,110) $ 78,756 The following is a discussion of our primary sources and uses of cash in our operating, investing and financing activities. Cash Flows from Operating Activities Cash provided by operating activities was relatively unchanged year over year, from $250.6 million in fiscal 2010 to $251.4 million in fiscal 2011. Cash provided by operating activities increased to $250.6 million in fiscal 2010 from $177.9 million in fiscal 2009. The increase is primarily due to higher year over year net income, offset in part due to larger receivable and inventory balances to support higher sales volumes. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Our investing activities primarily relate to transactions within our investments, strategic acquisitions, purchase of property, plant and equipment and purchase of patent and license rights. Net cash used in investing activities was $303.2 million for fiscal 2011 compared to $763.4 million for fiscal 2010. This year over year decrease was primarily the result of an overall net decrease in short term investment purchase activity and payment of contingent consideration related to our COTCO acquisition. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in our current year capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment to expand our global production capacity and proceeds from maturities of investments. Net cash used in investing activities was $763.4 million for fiscal 2010 compared to $174.8 million for fiscal 2009. This year over year increase was primarily due to an increase in cash available for investments as a result of the issuance and sale of 12.65 million shares of common stock, with net proceeds of approximately $434 million and a year over year increase in the amount of cash received from employee stock option exercises. In addition, we increased capital expenditures to expand our manufacturing capacity to meet the needs of our anticipated growth. We will continue to closely monitor our capital expenditures, while making strategic investments to develop our existing products, pursue strategic initiatives where appropriate and invest in our manufacturing and information technology infrastructure to meet the needs of our business. We target committing capital of approximately $160 million in fiscal 2012 for capital expenditures. 38 Cash Flows from Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities was $44.5 million for fiscal 2011 compared to $619.8 million for fiscal 2010. This year over year decrease was primarily related to our sale of 12.65 million shares of our common stock in a follow-on public offering during fiscal 2010, with net proceeds of approximately $434 million. Net cash provided by financing activities was $619.8 million for fiscal 2010 compared to $24.7 million for fiscal 2009. This year over year increase was primarily due to the issuance and sale of 12.65 million shares of common stock, with net proceeds of approximately $434 million and a year over year increase in the amount of cash received from employee stock option exercises. As of June 26, 2011, up to $200 million of our common stock remained approved for repurchase under the repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. Since the inception of our stock repurchase program, the discretion of our we have repurchased approximately 9.8 million shares of our common stock. At management, the repurchase program can be implemented through open market or privately negotiated transactions. We will determine the time and extent of repurchases based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors. Fair Value Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP), fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., “the exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are obtained from independent sources and can be validated by a third party, whereas, unobservable inputs reflect assumptions regarding what a third party would use in pricing an asset or liability. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows: • • • Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that we are able to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment. Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for instruments that are similar, or quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar instruments, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The financial assets for which we perform recurring fair value remeasurements are cash equivalents and short-term investments. The financial assets for which we may be required to perform non-recurring fair value remeasurements (e.g., an impairment of assets) are any investments in privately-held companies. As of June 26, 2011, financial assets utilizing Level 1 inputs included money market funds. Financial assets utilizing Level 2 inputs included corporate bonds, municipal bonds, certificates of deposit, variable rate demand notes, non-U.S. government securities, commercial paper, and U.S. agency securities. Level 2 assets are valued using a third- party pricing services consensus price which is a weighted average price based on multiple sources. These sources determine prices utilizing market income models which factor in, where applicable, transactions of similar assets in active markets, transactions of identical assets in infrequent markets, interest rates, bond or credit default swap spreads and volatility. We do not have any significant financial assets requiring the use of Level 3 inputs. Please refer to Note 6, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for further information. 39 Financial and Market Risks We are exposed to financial and market risks, including changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates and commodities risk. We currently do not use derivative financial instruments to mitigate any of these risks; however, we may choose to do so in the future. All of the potential changes noted below are based on sensitivity analyses performed on our financial positions at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010. Actual results may differ materially. Interest Rates We maintain an investment portfolio principally composed of high-grade corporate debt, commercial paper, government securities, and other investments at fixed interest rates that vary by security. In order to minimize risk, our cash management policy permits us to acquire investments rated “AA” grade or better. The potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% decrease in quoted market price of our investments was approximately $69.5 million at June 26, 2011 and $66.9 million at June 27, 2010. Currency Exchange Rates As we operate internationally and have transactions denominated in foreign currencies, we are exposed to currency exchange rate risks. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect our expenses and results of operations as well as the value of our assets and liabilities. Our primary exposures relate to the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the Chinese Renminbi (CNY). The potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% increase in the value of the U.S. Dollar compared to the Chinese Renminbi was approximately $2.6 million at June 26, 2011 and $1.7 million at June 27, 2010. Commodities We utilize significant amounts of precious metals, gasses and other commodities in our manufacturing processes. General economic conditions, market specific changes or other factors outside of our control may affect the pricing of these commodities. We do not use financial instruments to hedge commodity prices. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not use off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities or related parties, nor do we use other forms of off-balance sheet arrangements. Accordingly, our liquidity and capital resources are not subject to off-balance sheet risks from unconsolidated entities. As of June 26, 2011, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K. We have entered into operating leases primarily for certain of our U.S. and international facilities in the normal course of business. These arrangements are often referred to as a form of off-balance-sheet financing. Future minimum lease payments under our operating leases as of June 26, 2011 are detailed above in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the section entitled “Contractual Obligations.” Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the application of U.S. GAAP we are required to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. Changes in the accounting estimates from period to period are reasonably likely to occur. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by management. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation of our financial condition or results of operations may be affected. 40 On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, valuation of stock based compensation, valuation of long-lived assets, tax related contingencies, valuation of inventories, contingencies and litigation, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions, including expected trends, that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. In addition to making critical accounting estimates, we must ensure that our financial statements are properly stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by U.S. GAAP and does not require a high degree of management judgment in its application, while in other cases, management’s judgment is required in selecting among available alternative accounting standards that allow different accounting treatment for similar transactions. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. We believe that the following are our most critical accounting policies and estimates, each of which is critical to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and requires our most difficult, subjective and complex judgments. Our management has reviewed our critical accounting policies and the related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Revenue Recognition We recognize product revenue when the earnings process is complete, as evidenced by persuasive evidence of an arrangement, typically in the form of a purchase order, when the sales price is fixed or determinable, collection of revenue is reasonably assured, and title and risk of loss have passed to the customer. For the year ended June 26, 2011, 44% of our product sales were made to distributors. Distributors stock inventory and sell our products to their own customer base, which may include: value added resellers; manufacturers who incorporate our products into their own manufactured goods; or ultimate end users of our products. We recognize revenue upon shipment of our products to our distributors. This arrangement is often referred to as a “sell-in” or “point-of-purchase” model as opposed to a “sell-through” or “point-of-sale” model, where revenue is deferred and not recognized until the distributor sells the product through to their customer. Our distributors may be provided limited rights that allow them to return a portion of inventory (Product Exchange Rights or Stock Rotation Rights) and receive credits for changes in selling prices (Price Protection Rights) or other targeted sales incentives. When determining our net revenue, we make significant judgments and estimates corresponding with product shipments. We record a reserve for estimated future returns, changes in selling prices, and other targeted sales incentives when product ships. We also record an asset for the estimated value of product returns that we believe will be returned to inventory in the future and resold, and these estimates are based upon historical data, current economic trends, distributor inventory levels and other related factors. Our financial condition and operating results are dependent upon our ability to make reliable estimates. Actual results may vary and could have a significant impact on our operating results. Inventories We write-down our inventory for estimated obsolescence equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated market value based upon an aging analysis of the inventory on hand, specifically known inventory-related risks (such as technological obsolescence), and assumptions about future demand. We also analyze sales levels by product type, including historical and estimated future customer demand for those products to determine if any additional reserves are appropriate. For example, we adjust for items that are considered obsolete based upon changes in customer demand, manufacturing process changes or new product introductions that may eliminate demand for the product. Any adjustment to our inventory as a result of an 41 estimated obsolescence or net realizable condition is reflected as a component of our cost of sales. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and any subsequent improvements in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. In order to determine what costs can be included in the valuation of inventory, we determine normal capacity for our manufacturing facilities based on historical patterns. If our estimates regarding customer demand are inaccurate, or market conditions or technology change in ways that are less favorable than those projected by management, we may be required to take excess capacity charges in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which could have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial results. Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowances In assessing the adequacy of a recorded valuation allowance, we consider all positive and negative evidence and a variety of factors including historical and projected future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. When we establish or increase a valuation allowance, our income tax expense increases in the period such determination is made. If we decrease a valuation allowance, our income tax expense decreases in the period such a determination is made. Tax Contingencies We are subject to periodic audits of our income tax returns by federal, state and local agencies. The audits include questions regarding our tax filing positions, including the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (ASC 740), we evaluate the exposures associated with our various tax filing positions. ASC 740 states that a tax benefit should not be recognized for financial statement purposes for an uncertain tax filing position where it is not more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50%) for being sustained by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, we have recorded unrecognized tax benefits (as a reduction to the deferred tax asset or as an increase to other liabilities) to remove some or all of the tax benefit of any of our tax positions at the time we determine that the positions become uncertain based upon one of the following: (1) the tax position is not “more likely than not” to be sustained, (2) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained, but for a lesser amount, (3) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained, but not in the financial period in which the tax position was originally taken. For purposes of evaluating whether or not a tax position is uncertain, (1) we presume the tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, (2) the technical merits of a tax position are derived from authorities such as legislation and statutes, legislative intent, regulations, rulings and case law and their applicability to the facts and circumstances of the tax position, and (3) each tax position is evaluated without considerations of the possibility of offset or aggregation with other tax positions taken. We adjust these unrecognized tax benefits, including any impact on the related interest and penalties, in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit. A number of years may elapse before a particular matter for which we have established an unrecognized tax benefit is audited and fully resolved. To the extent we prevail in matters for which we have recorded an unrecognized benefit or are required to pay amounts in excess of what we have recorded our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement might require use of our cash and/or result in an increase in our effective tax rate in the year of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would be recognized as a reduction in our effective tax rate in the year of resolution. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation We account for awards of stock-based compensation under our employee stock-based compensation plans using the fair value method. Accordingly, we estimate the grant date fair value of our stock-based awards and 42 amortize this fair value to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. To estimate the fair value of our stock option awards we currently use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our then current stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Due to the inherent limitations of option-valuation models available today, including future events that are unpredictable and the estimation process utilized in determining the valuation of the stock-based awards, the ultimate value realized by award holders may vary significantly from the amounts expensed in our financial statements. For restricted stock awards, grant date fair value is based upon the market price of our common stock on the date of the grant. This fair value is then amortized to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. We estimate expected forfeitures at the time of grant and revise this estimate, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates. Our determination of an estimated forfeiture rate is primarily based upon a review of historical experience but may also include consideration of other facts and circumstances we believe are indicative of future activity. The assessment of an estimated forfeiture rate will not alter the total compensation expense to be recognized, only the timing of this recognition as compensation expense is adjusted to reflect instruments that actually vest. If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating key assumptions, we may be required to adjust compensation expense, which could be material to our results of operations. Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets Our assessment of the recoverability of long-lived assets involves significant judgment and estimation. These assessments reflect our assumptions, which, we believe, are consistent with the assumptions hypothetical marketplace participants use. Factors that we must estimate when performing recoverability and impairment tests include, among others, the economic life of the asset, sales volumes, prices, cost of capital, tax rates, and capital spending. These factors are often interdependent and therefore do not change in isolation. We evaluate long-lived assets such as property, equipment and definite lived intangible assets, such as patents, for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets recorded in our financial statements may not be recoverable. Factors that we consider include whether there has been a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, a significant change in the way an asset is being used, or a significant change, delay or departure in our strategy for that asset. If impairment is indicated we first determine if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amounts of the asset or assets. If so, an impairment loss is measured and recorded. After an impairment loss is recognized, a new, lower cost basis for that long-lived asset is established. in the reversal of a previously recognized Subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result impairment loss. Our impairment loss calculations require that we apply judgment in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, including estimating useful lives of the assets. To make these judgments, we may use internal discounted cash flow estimates, quoted market prices when available and independent appraisals as appropriate to determine fair value. If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, we may be required to record additional impairment losses that could be material to our results of operations. 43 Goodwill We test goodwill for impairment at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events that may indicate potential impairment. We evaluate goodwill for impairment at a reporting unit level using a two-step process. The first step compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no impairment is recorded. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the impairment analysis is performed. The second step is used to measure the amount of the impairment loss and compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the carrying amount exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess. However, it should be noted that the loss recognized shall not be in excess of the carrying amount. Once a goodwill impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying value shall be its new accounting basis. Contingent Liabilities We provide for contingent liabilities in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, a loss contingency is charged to income when (1) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements, and (2) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Periodically, we review the status of each significant matter to assess the potential financial exposure. If a potential loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we reflect the estimated loss in our results of operations. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability that a liability has been incurred or an asset impaired and whether such loss is reasonably estimable. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based on the best information available at the time. Further, estimates of this nature are highly subjective, and the final outcome of these matters could vary significantly from the amounts that have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In determining the probability of an unfavorable outcome of a particular contingent liability and whether such liability is reasonably estimable, we consider the individual facts and circumstances related to the liability, opinions of legal counsel and recent legal rulings by the appropriate regulatory bodies, among other factors. As additional information becomes available, we reassesses the potential liability related to our pending claims and litigation and may revise our estimates accordingly. Such revisions in the estimates of the potential liabilities could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position. See also a discussion of specific contingencies in Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report. Recent Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report for a description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our consolidated financial statements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk See the section entitled “Financial and Market Risks” included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of this Annual Report. 44 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 45 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Cree, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cree, Inc. as of June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 26, 2011. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Cree, Inc. at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 26, 2011, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Cree, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 26, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated August 17, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Raleigh, North Carolina August 17, 2011 46 CREE, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 (Thousands, except par value) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 390,598 695,199 $ 397,431 668,974 Total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085,797 118,469 6,796 176,482 17,857 51,494 1,456,895 555,929 102,860 326,178 4,860 1,066,405 117,535 — 112,241 18,823 40,159 1,355,163 419,726 106,109 313,019 5,159 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,446,722 $2,199,176 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable, trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued salaries and wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 76,593 18,491 15,493 29,739 $ 63,826 26,247 14,375 15,643 Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,316 120,091 Long-term liabilities: Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,902 22,940 44,842 39,398 11,639 51,037 Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) Shareholders’ equity: Preferred stock, par value $0.01; 3,000 shares authorized at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010; none issued and outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — Common stock, par value $0.00125; 200,000 shares authorized at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010; 109,607 and 108,002 shares issued and outstanding at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010, respectively . . . . . . . . . . Additional paid-in-capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 1,593,530 13,091 654,807 Total shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,261,564 135 1,507,435 12,171 508,307 2,028,048 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,446,722 $2,199,176 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 47 CREE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 (Thousands, except per share data) $867,287 456,180 $567,255 355,349 $987,615 551,842 435,773 411,107 211,906 115,035 139,304 10,776 1,952 267,067 168,706 81,407 115,601 12,180 4,141 213,329 197,778 71,363 86,929 16,248 6,776 181,316 30,590 281 8,796 39,667 9,017 Revenue, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of revenue, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating expenses: Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of acquisition related intangibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-operating income: Other non-operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income, net 993 8,528 294 7,400 Income from continuing operations before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178,227 31,727 205,472 53,182 Income from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $146,500 — $152,290 — $ 30,650 325 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $146,500 $152,290 $ 30,325 Earnings (loss) per share: Basic: Income from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.35 $ 1.49 $ 0.35 Loss from discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ .01 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.35 Diluted: Income from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.33 $ $ 1.49 $ 0.34 1.45 $ 0.34 Loss from discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ — Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.33 $ 1.45 $ 0.34 Shares used in per share calculation: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,522 102,371 88,263 Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,035 104,698 89,081 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 48 CREE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 (In thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating $ 146,500 $ 152,290 $ 30,325 activities Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excess tax benefit from share-based payment arrangements . . . . . Loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of premium/discount on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable, trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued salaries and wages and other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,605 38,240 (10,141) 1,952 15,696 (16,308) (963) (63,450) (17,090) 18,442 29,897 90,424 24,067 (21,722) 4,141 9,502 (11,046) (14,555) (33,129) (18,084) 15,717 52,964 96,564 21,112 (714) 6,776 1,825 (10,762) 7,257 820 14,585 1,348 8,783 Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,380 250,569 177,919 Cash flows from investing activities: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of property and equipment Payment of COTCO contingent consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payment of LLF contingent consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from maturities of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investments . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of patent and licensing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (237,085) — (13,159) (382,520) 252,603 205 89,474 (12,752) (168,624) (57,050) (8,773) (660,823) 121,808 228 19,120 (9,273) (55,283) (60,000) (4,386) (217,059) 134,561 169 35,815 (8,660) Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (303,234) (763,387) (174,843) Cash flows from financing activities: Net proceeds from issuance of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excess tax benefit from share-based payment arrangements . . . . . Repurchases of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of foreign exchange changes on cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . 34,405 10,141 — 44,546 475 598,077 21,722 — 619,799 296 26,681 714 (2,744) 24,651 794 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6,833) 107,277 28,521 Cash and cash equivalents: Beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397,431 290,154 261,633 End of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 390,598 $ 397,431 $ 290,154 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 31,201 $ 33,441 $ 13,496 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 49 CREE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common Stock Number of Shares Par Value Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Total Shareholders’ Equity Balance at June 29, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Currency translation gain . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain on available-for-sale 88,088 — — $110 — — $ 811,015 — — (In thousands) $325,692 30,325 — securities, net of tax of $1,268 . . . . . — — — Comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax benefits from stock option exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . Exercise of stock options and issuance of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchase of common stock . . . . . . . . Balance at June 28, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain on available-for-sale — — — — 1,701 2 (130) — 2,381 20,580 26,151 (2,744) $ 8,923 — 607 1,706 — — — — $1,145,740 30,325 607 1,706 32,638 2,381 20,580 26,153 (2,744) — — — — — 89,659 — $112 — $ 857,383 — $356,017 152,290 $11,236 — $1,224,748 152,290 securities, net of tax of $591 . . . . . . . — — — Comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax benefits from stock option exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . Exercise of stock options and issuance — — of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,343 Balance at June 27, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain on available-for-sale 108,002 — — — 23 $135 — — — — — 935 — — — 28,810 24,271 596,971 $1,507,435 — $508,307 146,500 $12,171 — securities, net of tax of $558 . . . . . . . — — — Comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax benefits from stock option exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . Exercise of stock options and issuance — — — — 7,865 39,061 of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,605 1 39,169 — — — — 920 — — — 935 153,225 28,810 24,271 596,994 $2,028,048 146,500 920 147,420 7,865 39,061 39,170 Balance at June 26, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,607 $136 $1,593,530 $654,807 $13,091 $2,261,564 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 50 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 1—Business Cree, Inc. (the “Company”) is a leading innovator of lighting-class light emitting diodes (LEDs), LED lighting and semiconductor solutions for wireless and power applications. The Company’s solutions are driving improvements in applications such as general illumination, video displays, automotive, electronic signs and signals, variable-speed motors and wireless systems. The Company develops and manufactures semiconductor materials and devices primarily based on silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN) and related compounds. The physical and electronic properties of SiC and GaN offer technical advantages over traditional silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), sapphire and other materials used for certain electronic applications. The Company’s LED products consist of LED chips, LED components, LED lighting products and SiC wafers. As the Company develops and improves its LED technology and the market continues to focus on energy efficiency, the Company believes the potential market for LED lighting will continue to expand. The Company’s success in selling LED products depends upon its ability to drive adoption and offer innovative products and solutions that enable its customers to succeed in the market. By driving adoption the Company believes it can influence the direction of the market and open more opportunities for LEDs. In addition, the Company develops, manufactures and sells power and radio frequency (RF) products, such as power rectifiers and RF devices. Power rectifiers are made from SiC and provide faster switching speeds than comparable silicon-based power devices. RF devices are made from SiC or GaN and produce higher power densities as compared to silicon or gallium arsenide. The majority of the Company’s products are manufactured at production facilities located in North Carolina and China. The Company also uses contract manufacturers for certain aspects of product fabrication and packaging. The Company operates research and development facilities in North Carolina, California and China. Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year is a 52 or 53-week period ending on the last Sunday in the month of June. The Company’s 2011 fiscal year extended from June 28, 2010 to June 26, 2011 and was a 52-week fiscal year. The Company’s 2010 fiscal year extended from June 29, 2009 to June 27, 2010 and was a 52-week fiscal year. The Company’s 2009 fiscal year extended from June 30, 2008 to June 28, 2009 and was a 52-week fiscal year. The Company’s 2012 fiscal year will extend from June 27, 2011 to June 24, 2012 and will be a 52-week fiscal year. Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income or shareholders’ equity. 51 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, provision for doubtful accounts, sales returns, sales price discounts and incentives, provision for inventory obsolescence, fair value of investments, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful income taxes, product warranty obligations, employee stock options, and contingencies and litigation, among others. The Company generally bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates. lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, Segment Information The Company follows U.S. GAAP with respect to disclosures regarding reportable segments. U.S. GAAP requires segmentation based on an entity’s internal organization and reporting of revenue and operating income based upon internal accounting methods commonly referred to as the “management approach.” Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined that it currently operates as one reportable segment. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of unrestricted cash accounts and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at several major financial institutions, which often exceed insurance limits set by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Company has not historically experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk. Investments Investments in certain securities may be classified into three categories: • • • Held-to-Maturity—Debt securities that the entity has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at amortized cost. Trading Securities—Debt and equity securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling in the near term are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. Available-for-Sale—Debt and equity securities not classified as either securities held-to-maturity or trading securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. The Company reassesses the appropriateness of the classification (i.e. held-to-maturity, trading securities, or available-for-sale) of its investments at the end of each reporting period. 52 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) When the fair value of an investment declines below its original cost, the Company considers all available evidence to evaluate whether the decline is other-than-temporary. Among other things, the Company considers the duration and extent of the decline and economic factors influencing the markets. To date, the Company has had no such other-than-temporary declines below cost basis. The Company utilizes specific identification in computing realized gains and losses on the sale of investments. Realized gains and losses on investments are reported in other income and expense. Investments in marketable securities with maturities beyond one year may be classified as short term based on their highly liquid nature and because such marketable securities represent the investment of cash that is available for current operations. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value, with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method or the average cost method. The Company writes down its inventory balances for estimates of excess and obsolete amounts. These write-downs are recorded as a component of cost of sales. At the point of the write-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and any subsequent improvements in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. The Company recorded charges for write-downs in inventory of $14.6 million, $16.2 million and $11.7 million, for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the asset life or the life of the related lease. In general, the useful lives are as follows: Manufacturing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buildings and building improvements . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 to 5 years 5 to 40 years 3 to 5 years Shorter of estimated useful life or lease term Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. The costs for major renewals and improvements are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of the assets are removed from the accounts upon disposition and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenues and are recognized as a period expense during the period in which they are incurred. Intangible Assets and Goodwill The Company records the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations at their respective fair values at the date of acquisition, with any excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. Valuation of intangible assets and in-process research and development entails significant estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, determining the timing and expected costs to complete development projects, estimating future cash flows from product sales, developing appropriate discount rates, estimating probability rates for the successful completion of development projects, continuation of customer relationships and renewal of customer contracts, and approximating the useful lives of the intangible assets acquired. 53 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Patent rights reflect costs incurred by the Company in applying for and maintaining patents owned by the Company and in purchasing patents and related rights from third parties. License rights reflect costs incurred by the Company in acquiring licenses under patents owned by others. The Company amortizes both on a straight- line basis over the expected useful life of the associated patent rights, which is generally the lesser of 20 years from the date of the patent application or the license period. Royalties payable under licenses for patents owned by others are expensed as incurred. U.S. GAAP requires that intangible assets other than goodwill with an indefinite life should not be amortized until their life is determined to be finite, and all other intangible assets must be amortized over their useful lives. The Company is currently amortizing its acquired intangible assets with definite lives over periods ranging from one to fourteen years. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and potentially more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on the first business day of each fiscal April using a two-step process. First, the Company determines if the carrying amount of any of its reporting units exceeds its fair value (determined using discounted cash flows or market multiples based on revenues), which would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill associated with that reporting unit. If the Company determines that a potential impairment of goodwill exists, it then compares the implied fair value of the goodwill associated with the respective reporting unit, to its carrying amount to determine if there is an impairment loss. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets such as property, equipment, definite lived intangible assets and patents for impairment based on changes in circumstances that indicate their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. In making these determinations, the Company uses certain assumptions, including but not limited to: (1) estimations of the fair market value of the assets, and (2) estimations of future cash flows expected to be generated by these assets, which are based on additional assumptions such as asset utilization, length of service the asset will be used in the Company’s operations and estimated salvage values. The Company also reviews its capitalized patent portfolio and records impairment charges when circumstances warrant, such as when patents have been abandoned or are no longer being pursued. Contingent Liabilities The Company provides for contingent liabilities when (1) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (2) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Disclosure in the notes to the financial statements is required for loss contingencies that do not meet both these conditions if there is a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred. See Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for a discussion of loss contingencies in connection with pending and threatened litigation. The Company expenses as incurred the costs of defending legal claims against the Company. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes product revenue when the earnings process is complete, as evidenced by persuasive evidence of an arrangement, typically in the form of a purchase order, when the sales price is fixed or determinable, collection of revenue is reasonably assured, and title and risk of loss have passed to the customer. 54 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The Company provides its customers with limited rights of return for non-conforming shipments and product warranty claims. The Company estimates an allowance for anticipated sales returns based upon an analysis of historical sales returns and other relevant data. The Company records an allowance at the time of sale, which is recorded as a reduction of product revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income and as a reduction to accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A substantial portion of the Company’s products are sold through distributors. Distributors stock inventory and sell the Company’s products to their own customer base, which may include: value added resellers; manufacturers who incorporate the Company’s products into their own manufactured goods; or ultimate end users of the Company’s products. The Company recognizes revenue under the same terms as described. Certain of the Company’s distributors are provided limited rights that allow them to return a portion of inventory (Product Exchange Rights or Stock Rotation Rights) and receive credits for changes in selling prices (Price Protection Rights) and targeted customer pricing arrangements under our “ship and debit” program. These estimates are calculated based upon historical experience, product shipment analysis, current economic conditions, on-hand inventory at the distributor, and customer contractual arrangements. The Company believes that it can reasonably and reliably estimate the allowance for distributor credits at the time of sale. Accordingly, estimates for these rights are recorded at the time of sale as a reduction of product revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income and as a reduction to accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. On occasion, the Company will issue a new price book for its product, at which time the Company will provide a credit to certain distributors for inventory quantities on hand if required by the Company’s agreement with the distributor. This practice is known as price protection. These credits are applied against the reserve that the Company establishes upon initial shipment of product to the distributor. Under the ship and debit program, products are sold to distributors at published prices which are contained in price books provided to various distributors. Distributors are required to pay for product within the Company’s standard commercial terms. Subsequent to the initial product purchase, a distributor may request a price allowance for a particular part number(s) for certain target customers, prior to the distributor reselling the particular part. Once the Company has approved an allowance, the distributor resells the product to the target customer, and the Company credits the distributor according to the allowance approved. These credits are applied against a reserve the Company establishes upon initial shipment of product to the distributor. In addition, the Company periodically runs sales incentive programs with certain of its distributors and resellers, such as product rebates and cooperative advertising campaigns. The Company recognizes these incentives at the time they are offered for consideration given to customers, and records a credit to the customer’s account and offsetting expense as either a reduction to revenue, increase to cost of sales, or marketing expense depending on the type of sales incentive. From time to time, the Company may enter into licensing arrangements related to its intellectual property. Revenue from licensing arrangements is recognized when earned and estimable. The timing of revenue recognition is dependent on the terms of each license agreement. Generally, the Company will recognize non-refundable upfront license fees related to patent licenses immediately upon receipt of the funds if the Company has no significant future obligations to perform under the arrangement. However, the Company will defer recognition for licensing fees where the Company has significant future performance requirements, the fee is not fixed (such as royalties earned as a percentage of future sales), or the fees are otherwise contingent. Accounts Receivable For product sales, the Company typically invoices its customers at shipment for the sales order value of products shipped. For contract revenue, invoicing occurs based upon the terms of the specific research contract, 55 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) typically one month in arrears for services rendered and any other allowable direct costs. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to any of its customers. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In cases where the Company becomes aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations subsequent to the original sale, the Company will record an allowance against amounts due, and thereby reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount the Company reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the length of time the receivables are past due and consideration of other factors such as industry conditions, the current business environment and its historical experience. Advertising The Company expenses the costs of producing advertisements at the time production occurs and expenses the cost of communicating the advertising in the period in which the advertising is used. Advertising costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and amounted to approximately $5.7 million, $4.2 million and $3.1 million for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively. Research and Development Research and development activities are expensed as incurred. For contracts under which the Company anticipates that direct costs will exceed amounts to be funded over the life of the contract, costs are reported as research and development expenses and related funding as an offset of those expenses. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is determined in the same manner as basic earnings per share except that the number of shares is increased to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options, unvested restricted stock and contingently issuable shares using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increases would be anti-dilutive. Under the treasury stock method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible are assumed to be used to repurchase shares. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense in its consolidated financial statements for all share-based payments granted based on the fair value on the date of grant. Compensation expense is then recognized over the award’s vesting period. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale securities, accounts and interest receivable, accounts payable and other liabilities approximate fair values at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010 due to the short-term nature of these instruments. 56 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, along with net operating loss carryforwards and credit carryforwards, if it is more likely than not that the tax benefits will be realized. To the extent a deferred tax asset cannot be recognized under the preceding criteria, allowances are established. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Taxes payable which are not based on income are accrued ratably over the period to which they apply. For example, payroll taxes are accrued each period end based upon the amount of payroll taxes that are owed as of that date; whereas taxes such as property taxes and franchise taxes are accrued over the fiscal year to which they apply if paid at the end of a period, or they are amortized ratably over the fiscal year if they are paid in advance. Foreign Currency Translation Prior to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, certain of the Company’s international subsidiaries had a non-U.S. Dollar functional currency. However, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, due to a further refinement of the Company’s global supply chain, the Company determined that its international subsidiaries had the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency. However, because the Company and its subsidiaries still transact business in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, the Company will continue to experience a certain amount of foreign currency exchange gains and losses. In addition, historical foreign currency translation gains and losses will continue to exist in the Company’s balance of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income until such subsidiaries are sold or substantially liquidated. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Transfers of Financial Assets In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued new guidance concerning the transfer of financial assets. This guidance amends the criteria for a transfer of a financial asset to be accounted for as a sale, creates more stringent conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale, changes the initial measurement of a transferor’s interest in transferred financial assets, eliminates the qualifying special-purpose entity concept and provides for new disclosures. This guidance became effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2011. The Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. Determining the Primary Beneficiary of a Variable Interest Entity In June 2009, the FASB issued new guidance concerning the determination of the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). This new guidance amends current U.S. GAAP by: requiring ongoing reassessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a VIE; amending the quantitative approach previously required for determining the primary beneficiary of the VIE; modifying the guidance used to determine whether an entity is a VIE; adding an additional reconsideration event (e.g., troubled debt restructurings) for determining whether an entity is a VIE; and requiring enhanced disclosures regarding an entity’s involvement with a VIE. This guidance became effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2011. The Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. 57 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Revenue Recognition with Multiple Deliverables In October 2009, the FASB issued new standards for revenue recognition with multiple deliverables. These new standards impact the determination of when the individual deliverables included in a multiple-element arrangement may be treated as separate units of accounting. Additionally, these new standards modify the manner in which the transaction consideration is allocated across the separately identified deliverables by no longer permitting the residual method of allocating arrangement consideration. This guidance became effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2011. The Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Presentation of Comprehensive Income In June 2010, the FASB issued new guidance concerning the presentation of total comprehensive income and its components. Under this guidance an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. This guidance will become effective for the Company beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2012. The Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. Fair Value Disclosures In January 2010, the FASB issued amended standards requiring additional fair value disclosures. The amended standards require disclosures of transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as well as requiring gross basis disclosures for purchases, sales, issuances and settlements within the Level 3 reconciliation. Additionally, the update clarifies the requirement to determine the level of disaggregation for fair value measurement disclosures and to disclose valuation techniques and inputs used for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements in either Level 2 or Level 3. The Company adopted the new guidance in the third quarter of fiscal 2010, except for the disclosures related to purchases, sales, issuance and settlements, which will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2012. Because these new standards are related primarily to disclosures, their adoption has not had, and is not expected to have, a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Note 3—Acquisitions Acquisition of LED Lighting Fixtures, Inc. In February 2008, the Company acquired LED Lighting Fixtures, Inc. (LLF) through a wholly owned subsidiary that merged into Cree, Inc. June 27, 2010. Through this acquisition the Company acquired a research and development center, a commercialized LED lighting portfolio, sales channels and manufacturing subcontractor relationships to accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient LED lighting for the general illumination market. The Company acquired all of the outstanding share capital of LLF in exchange for total upfront consideration of $80.8 million, consisting of (1) $16.5 million in cash, (2) approximately 1.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $58.8 million, (3) the assumption of fully vested LLF employee stock options valued at $4.5 million, and (4) transaction costs of $1.0 million consisting primarily of professional fees incurred relating to attorneys, accountants and valuation advisors. Under the acquisition terms, additional consideration of up to $26.4 million would become payable to the former shareholders of LLF if defined product development targets and key employee retention measures were achieved over the three calendar years following the acquisition. 58 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The initial purchase price for this acquisition was as follows (in thousands): Cash consideration paid to LLF stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair value of common stock issued by the Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair value of vested LLF stock options assumed by the Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct transaction fees and expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,450 58,830 4,486 1,042 Total purchase price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80,808 The purchase price for this acquisition has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as follows (in thousands): Tangible assets: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,312 982 1,603 2,573 596 1,093 Total tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17,159 Intangible assets: Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-compete agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,300 440 39,500 39,450 Total intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80,690 Liabilities assumed: Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,525 770 14,746 Total liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17,041 Net assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80,808 The identifiable assets acquired as a result of the acquisition are being amortized over their respective estimated useful lives as follows (in thousands, except for years): Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-compete agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asset Amount $ 1,300 440 39,500 Estimated Life in Years 8 3 14 Total identifiable assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $41,240 The goodwill associated with the acquisition of LLF is not deductible for tax purposes. 59 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The assets, liabilities, and operating results of LLF have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Pro forma information giving effect to this acquisition has not been presented because the pro forma information would not differ materially from the Company’s historical results. LLF met the conditions necessary for the earn-out payment for the calendar years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 and as a result, the Company made a cash payment in the amount of $4.4 million to the former shareholders of LLF in the third quarter of fiscal 2009, a cash payment in the amount of $8.8 million to the former shareholders of LLF in the third quarter of fiscal 2010 and a cash payment in the amount of $13.2 million to the former shareholders of LLF in the third quarter of fiscal 2011, thus increasing goodwill in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Acquisition of COTCO Luminant Device Limited In March 2007, the Company acquired COTCO Luminant Device Limited, a Hong Kong company (now “Cree Hong Kong Limited”) (COTCO), from COTCO Holdings Limited, a Hong Kong company (now United Luminous International (Holdings) Limited) (“Holdings”). Cree Hong Kong Limited is headquartered in Hong Kong and has production facilities in China. This acquisition provided us expanded packaging, research and development capabilities, a broader LED component portfolio, a lower cost manufacturing facility and expanded our sales channels in China. The Company acquired all of the outstanding share capital of COTCO in exchange for consideration consisting of approximately 7.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock and $77.3 million cash. Under the acquisition terms, additional consideration of up to $125.0 million would become payable to Holdings or its designees in the event COTCO achieved specific EBITDA targets over the Company’s two full fiscal years following the acquisition. Any such additional consideration would be treated as an incremental purchase price of COTCO, and thus result in an increase to goodwill in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period earned. The initial purchase price for this acquisition was as follows (in thousands): Cash consideration paid to COTCO shareholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair value of common stock issued by the Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct transaction fees and expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 77,334 126,943 3,065 Total purchase price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $207,342 60 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The purchase price for this acquisition has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as follows (in thousands): Tangible assets: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,110 20,376 22,916 54 24,066 Total tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 68,522 Intangible assets: Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade names and license agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-process research and development charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 51,000 150 7,220 950 108,249 Total intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $167,569 Liabilities assumed: Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10,870 5,576 12,303 Total liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 28,749 Net assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $207,342 The identifiable assets acquired as a result of the acquisition are being amortized over their respective estimated useful lives as follows (in thousands, except for years): Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade names and license agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asset Amount $51,000 150 7,220 Estimated Life in Years 8 1 7 Total identifiable assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $58,370 The estimated fair value of in-process research and development was recorded immediately as an expense in fiscal 2007 and was reflected in research and development expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income. This represented the estimated fair value of certain acquired technologies under development that had not yet reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use. The goodwill associated with the acquisition of COTCO is not deductible for tax purposes. Under the acquisition terms, additional consideration would become payable to Holdings or its designees in the event COTCO achieved specific EBITDA targets over the Company’s two full fiscal years following the acquisition. For fiscal 2008 results, the Company made a cash payment in the amount of $60.0 million in fiscal 2009. For fiscal 2009 results, the Company made a cash payment in the amount of $57.1 million in fiscal 2010. These incremental payments were treated as additional purchase price and resulted in an increase to goodwill in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 61 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Note 4—Financial Statement Details Accounts Receivable, net The following is a summary of the components of accounts receivable, net (in thousands): Billed trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unbilled contract receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $137,799 1,038 $138,642 1,391 Allowance for sales returns, discounts and other incentives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowance for bad debts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,837 (19,615) (753) 140,033 (20,551) (1,947) Total accounts receivable, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $118,469 $117,535 June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s allowance for sales returns and other incentives (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 Balance at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current period claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for sales returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 20,551 (47,448) 46,512 $ 9,644 (23,036) 33,943 $ 5,944 (10,981) 14,681 Balance at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19,615 $ 20,551 $ 9,644 The following table is a roll forward of the Company’s allowance for bad debts (in thousands): Balance at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current year provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Write-offs net of recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,947 (956) (238) $ 2,531 738 (1,322) $1,719 1,048 (236) Balance at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 753 $ 1,947 $2,531 Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 Inventories The following is a summary of the components of inventories (in thousands): Raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Work-in-progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 38,781 74,816 62,885 $ 24,858 57,180 30,203 Total inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $176,482 $112,241 June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 62 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Property and Equipment, net The following table reflects the components of property and equipment (in thousands): Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land and buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer hardware/software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leasehold improvements and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 $ 10,439 254,190 800,007 26,954 18,305 95,974 $ 8,273 211,391 649,558 20,518 17,894 73,439 1,205,869 (649,940) 981,073 (561,347) Property and Equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 555,929 $ 419,726 Depreciation of property and equipment used in continuing operations totaled $93.1 million, $74.1 million and $76.7 million for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively. During the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, the Company recorded approximately $1.5 million, $3.9 million and $6.3 million, respectively, as losses on disposals or impairments of property and equipment. These charges are reflected in Loss or Impairment on Disposal of Property and Equipment in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Revenues, net Revenues for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 were comprised of the following product groups (in thousands, except percentages): Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 LED products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power and RF products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $889,991 $789,947 $524,318 90% 91% 92% 97,624 77,340 42,937 10% 9% 8% Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $987,615 $867,287 $567,255 Note 5—Investments Short-term and long-term investments consist of high-grade corporate bonds and other debt securities. All marketable investments are classified as available-for-sale as of June 26, 2011. 63 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The following table provides a summary of marketable investments as of June 26, 2011 (in thousands): Municipal bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Municipal variable rate demand notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2011 Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value $3,943 2,312 — 807 12 — 19 $ (10) (115) — (2) — — — 395,398 209,438 295 68,049 10,015 4,999 7,005 Amortized Cost $391,465 207,241 295 67,244 10,003 4,999 6,986 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $688,233 $7,093 $(127) $695,199 The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s investment securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of June 26, 2011 (in thousands): June 26, 2011 Less than 12 Months Greater than 12 Months Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Municipal bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Municipal variable rate demand notes . . . . U.S. agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . $14,348 20,484 — 6,518 — — — $ (10) (115) — (2) — — — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $41,350 $(127) $— — — — — — — $— Number of securities with an unrealized loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 $— — — — — — — $— — $14,348 20,484 — 6,518 — — — $ (10) (115) — (2) — — — $41,350 $(127) 20 The following table provides a summary of marketable investments as of June 27, 2010 (in thousands): Municipal bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Municipal variable rate demand notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 27, 2010 Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses $3,502 1,478 — 615 76 — $(117) (20) (1) (32) — (11) Estimated Fair Value $445,038 122,449 15,684 73,114 7,609 5,080 Amortized Cost $441,653 120,991 15,685 72,531 7,533 5,091 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $663,484 $5,671 $(181) $668,974 64 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s investment securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of June 27, 2010 (in thousands): June 27, 2010 Less than 12 Months Greater than 12 Months Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Municipal bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Municipal variable rate demand notes . . . . U.S. agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . $117,470 11,126 5,006 5,120 — 5,095 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $143,817 Number of securities with an unrealized loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $— — — — — — $— $(117) (20) (1) (32) — (11) $(181) 42 $— — — — — — $— — $117,470 11,126 5,006 5,120 — 5,095 $143,817 $(117) (20) (1) (32) — (11) $(181) 42 Each of the securities in the above tables generally has an investment grade rating and is an unrealized loss position solely due to interest rate changes, sector credit rating changes or company-specific rating changes. The Company evaluates its investments for possible impairment or a decline in fair value below cost basis that is deemed to be “other than temporary” on a periodic basis. It considers such factors as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the investee, and its ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time that may be sufficient for an anticipated recovery in market value. The Company considers the declines in the above securities to be temporary in nature, and, accordingly, does not consider these securities to be impaired as of June 26, 2011. The contractual maturities of marketable investments at June 26, 2011 were as follows (in thousands): After One, Within Five Years After Five, Within Ten Years After Ten Years Municipal bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Municipal variable rate demand notes . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Within One Year $149,533 79,127 — 9,262 5,011 4,999 5,000 $245,865 130,311 — 58,787 5,004 — 2,005 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $252,932 $441,972 $— — — — — — — $— $— — 295 — — — — $295 Total $395,398 209,438 295 68,049 10,015 4,999 7,005 $695,199 Note 6—Fair Value of Financial Instruments Under U.S. GAAP, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., “the exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches, including quoted market prices and market income models. U.S. GAAP also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most 65 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are obtained from independent sources and can be validated by a third party, whereas, unobservable inputs reflect assumptions regarding what a third party would use in pricing an asset or liability. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows: • • • Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that the Company is able to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment. Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for instruments that are similar, or quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar instruments, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The financial assets for which the Company performs recurring fair value remeasurements are cash equivalents and short-term investments. As of June 26, 2011, financial assets utilizing Level 1 inputs included money market funds and investments traded on active securities exchanges. Financial assets utilizing Level 2 inputs included corporate bonds, municipal bonds and variable rate demand notes, and U.S. agency securities. Level 2 assets are valued using a third-party pricing services consensus price which is a weighted average price based on multiple sources. These sources determine prices utilizing market income models which factor in, where applicable, transactions of similar assets in active markets, transactions of identical assets in infrequent markets, interest rates, bond or credit default swap spreads and volatility. The Company does not have any significant financial assets requiring the use of Level 3 inputs. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended June 26, 2011. The following table sets forth financial instruments carried at fair value within the U.S. GAAP hierarchy and using the lowest level of input (in thousands): Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value as of June 26, 2011 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,386 7,386 Short-term investments Municipal bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Municipal variable rate demand notes . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — — — — — — — $ — $ — $ 7,386 — 395,398 209,438 295 68,049 10,015 4,999 7,005 695,199 — — — — — — — — — 7,386 $395,398 209,438 295 68,049 10,015 4,999 7,005 695,199 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,386 $695,199 $ — $702,585 66 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The Company utilizes specific identification in computing realized gains and losses on the sale of investments. Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments are included in “Gain on sale of investments, net” and unrealized gains and losses are included as a separate component of equity, net of tax, unless the loss is determined to be “other-than-temporary.” Note 7—Intangible Assets and Goodwill Intangible Assets The following table reflects the components of intangible assets (in thousands): Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patent and license rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 52,620 51,860 83,884 $ 52,620 51,860 71,762 Accumulated amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $188,364 (85,504) $176,242 (70,133) Intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $102,860 $106,109 June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 The Company invested $12.8 million, $9.3 million and $8.7 million for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively for patent and license rights. Total amortization of intangible assets used in continuing operations totaled $15.5 million, $16.3 million and $19.9 million for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively. For the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, the Company recorded $0.5 million, $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in impairment charges related to its patent portfolio. Future amortization expense of intangible assets is estimated to be as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ending June 24, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 29, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 28, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 14,026 13,084 10,931 7,868 7,686 49,265 $102,860 Goodwill Goodwill increased from approximately $313.0 million at June 27, 2010 to approximately $326.2 million at June 26, 2011 due to the contingent consideration payment related to the acquisition of LLF. There were no impairments of goodwill recorded for the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009. Note 8—Discontinued Operations During fiscal 2006, the Company discontinued the operations of its silicon-based RF and microwave located in Sunnyvale, California. semiconductor business conducted by its Cree Microwave subsidiary, 67 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Accordingly, the Company reported the operating results for the Cree Microwave silicon-based RF and microwave business for the years ended June 29, 2008, June 24, 2007 and June 25, 2006, and the related assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 29, 2008 and June 24, 2007 as a discontinued operation. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 the Company negotiated the termination of its operating lease associated with the Sunnyvale facility. The Company had remained liable for the operating lease expenses of the Sunnyvale facility through November 2011. The termination resulted in a one-time net after-tax loss, which is included in the net loss from discontinued operations in the accompanying fiscal 2009 financial statements. Note 9—Shareholders’ Equity In September 2009, the Company issued and sold 12.65 million shares of its common stock, with net proceeds of approximately $434.0 million. As of June 26, 2011, the Company is authorized to repurchase shares of its common stock having an aggregate purchase price not exceeding $200 million for all purchases from June 16, 2011 through the expiration of the program, as authorized by the Board of Directors and extended through June 24, 2012. During the fiscal year ended June 26, 2011 no shares were repurchased under the program. During the fiscal year ended June 28, 2009, the Company repurchased approximately 0.1 million shares at an average price of $21.18 per share with an aggregate value of approximately $2.7 million. Since the inception of the predecessor stock repurchase program in January 2001, the Company has repurchased 9.8 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $19.74 per share with an aggregate value of $193.5 million. The Company expects to use available cash to finance any purchases under the current program. The repurchase program can be implemented through open market or privately negotiated transactions at the discretion of the Company’s management. The Company will continue to determine the time and extent of any repurchases based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors. On May 29, 2002, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a shareholders’ rights plan, pursuant to which stock purchase rights were distributed to shareholders at a rate of one right with respect to each share of common stock held of record as of June 10, 2002. Subsequently issued shares of common stock also carry stock purchase rights under the plan. The rights plan is designed to enhance the Board’s ability to prevent an acquirer from depriving shareholders of the long-term value of their investment and to protect shareholders against attempts to acquire the Company by means of unfair or abusive takeover tactics. Unless terminated by the Board, the rights become exercisable based upon certain limited conditions related to acquisitions of stock, tender offers and certain business combinations involving the Company. The shareholders’ rights plan includes a review mechanism requiring the independent members of the Company’s Board of Directors to review and evaluate the plan at least every three years to consider whether the maintenance of the plan continues to be in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders and to communicate their conclusion to the Board. The Board of Directors has delegated this responsibility to the Governance and Nominations Committee, which is composed of all the Governance and Nominations Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that plan not be modified and the Board accepted the recommendation. independent directors of In April 2011, the Board. 68 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) At June 26, 2011, the Company had reserved a total of approximately 12.9 million shares of its common stock and 0.1 million shares of its Series A preferred stock for future issuance as follows (in thousands): For exercise of outstanding common stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For vesting of outstanding stock units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For future equity awards under 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan . . . . . . . . . For future issuance under the Non-Employee Director Stock Compensation and Deferral Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For future issuance to employees under the 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan . . . . . . . . Number of Shares 6,467 24 5,830 100 496 Total common shares reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,917 Series A preferred stock reserved for exercise of rights issued under shareholders’ rights plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Note 10—Earnings Per Share The following presents the computation of basic earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts): Basic: Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $146,500 $152,290 $30,325 Weighted average common shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,522 102,371 88,263 Basic earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.35 $ 1.49 $ 0.34 The following computation reconciles the differences between the basic and diluted earnings per share presentations (in thousands, except per share data): Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 Diluted: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $146,500 $152,290 $30,325 Weighted average common shares—basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dilutive effect of stock options, unvested shares and ESPP 108,522 102,371 88,263 purchase rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,513 2,327 818 Weighted average common shares—diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,035 104,698 89,081 Diluted earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.33 $ 1.45 $ 0.34 Potential common shares that have the effect of increasing diluted earnings per share are considered to be antidilutive and as such, these shares are not included in calculating diluted earnings per share. As of June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, there were 2.0 million, 0.4 million and 7.0 million, respectively, not included in calculating diluted earnings per share because their effect was antidilutive. 69 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Note 11—Stock-Based Compensation Overview of Employee Stock-Based Compensation Plans The Company currently has one equity-based compensation plan from which stock-based compensation awards can be granted to employees and directors. In addition, the Company has one plan that has been terminated as to future grants, but under which options are currently outstanding. The Company also assumed options that were initially granted pursuant to plans adopted by companies acquired by the Company. The Company’s plans are as follows: 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan - This plan provides for awards in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock units and performance units. Currently, this is the only plan under which awards can be granted. As approved by the Company’s shareholders on November 4, 2004, the plan authorized issuance of up to 1,200,000 shares of common stock plus the number of shares then authorized for issuance under the Company’s Equity Compensation Plan and not thereafter used for awards. The Company’s shareholders have approved amendments increasing the shares authorized for issuance under the plan as follows: Date of Amendment Additional Shares Authorized November 3, 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 30, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 29, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 26, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 Awards issued under the plan to date include non-qualified stock options, restricted stock and performance units. Equity Compensation Plan - This plan provided for grants in both the form of incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options to eligible employees and directors. The plan was terminated as to future grants in November 2004. The Company also has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2005 ESPP”) that provides employees with the opportunity to purchase common stock through payroll deductions. The Company established its original ESPP in 1999 and terminated it on October 31, 2005. As approved by the Company’s shareholders on November 3, 2005, the 2005 ESPP authorized issuance of up to 600,000 shares of common stock. On October 30, 2008, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the 2005 ESPP, increasing the shares authorized for issuance under the plan by an additional 900,000 shares. Under the 2005 ESPP, the purchase price is reduced by 15% of the fair market value of common stock on the purchase date. The 2005 ESPP also limits employee contributions to 15% of each employee’s compensation (as defined in the plan). Participation periods have a six month duration beginning in May and November of each year. 70 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Stock Option Awards The following table summarizes option activity as of June 26, 2011 and changes during the fiscal year then ended (total and shares in thousands): Outstanding at June 27, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited or expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outstanding at June 26, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested and expected to vest at June 26, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercisable at June 26, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted- Average Exercise price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Total Intrinsic Value $31.23 55.23 27.64 56.39 $39.56 $39.34 $28.52 4.88 4.86 3.50 $21,341 $21,318 $14,637 Number of Shares 5,638 2,374 (1,244) (301) 6,467 6,348 2,093 The total intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value, which is the total difference between the closing price of the Company’s common stock on June 24, 2011 (the last trading day of fiscal 2011) of $33.96 and the exercise price for in-the-money options that would have been received by the holders if all instruments had been exercised on June 26, 2011. As of June 26, 2011, there was $53.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.63 years. The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at June 26, 2011 (shares in thousands): Range of Exercise Price Number $ 0.01 to $25.47 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.53 to 35.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.89 to 35.89 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.57 to 55.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.30 to 75.55 . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,388 904 1,674 2,227 274 6,467 Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Wgtd. Avg. Remaining Contractual Life (Years) 3.55 3.02 5.15 6.15 5.86 4.88 Wgtd. Avg. Exercise Price $21.52 29.46 35.89 54.29 66.99 $39.56 Number 848 696 447 48 54 2,093 Wgtd. Avg. Exercise Price $20.82 28.95 35.89 46.29 67.10 $28.52 Other information pertaining to stock-based awards of options is as follows (in thousands, except per share data): Weighted average grant date fair value per share of options . . . . . . Total intrinsic value of options exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 $ 22.83 $40,042 June 27, 2010 $ 14.58 $118,162 June 28, 2009 $ 9.29 $11,906 71 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Restricted Stock Awards A summary of non-vested shares of restricted stock and stock unit awards (“RSAs” and “RSUs”) outstanding under the Company’s 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan as of June 26, 2011 and changes during the year then ended is as follows (in thousands, except per share data): Number of Shares/Units Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Nonvested at June 27, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonvested at June 26, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 255 (150) (14) 509 $28.68 54.18 28.38 52.55 $40.87 As of June 26, 2011, there was $15.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years. Stock-Based Compensation Valuation and Expense The Company accounts for its employee stock-based compensation plan using the fair value method. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the grant date fair value of its stock-based awards and amortize this fair value to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. To estimate the fair value of the Company’s stock option awards the Company currently uses the Black- Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Due to the inherent limitations of option-valuation models, future events that are unpredictable and the estimation process utilized in determining the valuation of the stock-based awards, the ultimate value realized by award holders may vary significantly from the amounts expensed in the Company’s financial statements. For restricted stock and stock unit awards, grant date fair value is based upon the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. This fair value is then amortized to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures such that expense is recorded only for those stock-based awards that are expected to vest. A forfeiture rate is estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates. 72 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Total stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands): Income Statement Classification Fiscal Years Ended June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 June 26, 2011 Cost of goods sold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales, general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5,454 8,388 24,398 $ 3,091 5,040 15,936 $ 4,250 5,267 11,595 Total operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,786 20,976 16,862 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $38,240 $24,067 $21,112 The weighted average assumptions used to value stock option grants were as follows: Fiscal Years Ended June 27, 2010 June 26, 2011 June 28, 2009 Stock Option Grants: Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected life, in years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividend Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95% 3.5 56.7% — 1.76% 3.7 48.4% — 2.68% 4.0 49.7% — The following describes each of these assumptions and the Company’s methodology for determining each assumption: Risk-Free Interest Rate The Company estimates the risk-free interest rate using the U.S. Treasury bill rate with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the award. Expected Life The expected life represents the period that the stock option awards are expected to be outstanding. For grants prior to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, the expected term was derived using the “simplified” method as allowed under the provisions of the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 as the Company did not believe it had sufficient historical data to support a more detailed assessment of the estimate. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company determined that it had amassed adequate historical data and as such transitioned to a more detailed assessment. In determining the appropriate expected life of its stock options, the Company now segregates its grantees into categories principally based upon employee levels that are expected to be indicative of similar option-related behavior. The expected useful lives for each of these categories are then estimated giving consideration to (1) the weighted average vesting periods, (2) the contractual lives of the stock options, (3) the relationship between the exercise price and the fair market value of the Company’s common stock, (4) expected employee turnover, (5) the expected future volatility of the Company’s common stock, and (6) past and expected exercise behavior, among other factors. Expected Volatility The Company estimates expected volatility giving consideration to the expected life of the respective award, the Company’s current expected growth rate, implied volatility in traded options for its common stock, and the historical volatility of its common stock. 73 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Expected Dividend Yield The Company estimates the expected dividend yield by giving consideration to its current dividend policies as well as those anticipated in the future considering the Company’s current plans and projections. The Company does not currently calculate a discount for any post-vesting restrictions to which its awards may be subject. Note 12—Income Taxes The following are the components of income from continuing operations before income taxes (in thousands): Domestic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $110,959 67,268 $153,848 51,624 $ 811 38,856 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $178,227 $205,472 $39,667 The following are the components of income tax expense from continuing operations (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 Current: Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 31,503 13,796 2,736 $ 45,005 12,963 6,260 $ 12,363 6,605 811 Total Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,035 64,228 19,779 Deferred: Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5,008) (10,825) (475) (8,180) (2,837) (29) (6,831) (3,209) (722) Total Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16,308) (11,046) (10,762) Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 31,727 $ 53,182 $ 9,017 74 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Actual income tax expense from continuing operations differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal tax rate of 35% to pre-tax earnings from continuing operations as a result of the following (in thousands, except percentages): Federal income tax provision at statutory rate . . . . . . Increase (decrease) in income tax expense resulting from: Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 % of Income June 27, 2010 % of Income June 28, 2009 % of Income $ 62,378 35% $ 71,916 35% $13,883 35% State tax provision, net of federal benefit . . . . . . Tax exempt interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exam settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48C investment tax credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increase (decrease) in tax reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . Research and development credits . . . . . . . . . . . Qualified production activities deduction . . . . . . Statutory rate differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of tax rate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,169 (1,646) — (4,023) (2,175) (3,619) (2,714) (16,117) (2,998) 472 4,135 1% (1,089) -1% 1,645 0% (1,401) -2% (3,462) -1% (1,092) -2% -1% (3,945) -9% (14,939) -2% (707) 2,121 0% 88 2% (669) -1% 494 1% — -1% 4,720 -2% (580) -1% -2% (560) -7% (8,249) (202) 0% 92 1% Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 31,727 18% $ 53,182 26% $ 9,017 0% -2% 1% 0% 12% -1% -1% -21% -1% 0% 23% The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows (in thousands): June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 Deferred tax assets: Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales return reserve and allowance for bad debts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48C investment tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,494 10,132 4,160 1,010 3,688 11,176 970 16,731 2,071 — $ 5,067 3,204 8,151 532 480 — 976 10,109 — 1,921 Total gross deferred assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,432 (1,620) 30,440 (1,437) Deferred tax assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,812 29,003 Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Available-for-sale securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid taxes and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19,590) (29,952) (2,629) (890) (17,643) (28,810) (2,072) (1,053) Total gross deferred liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (53,061) (49,578) Deferred tax liability, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (3,249) $(20,575) 75 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The components giving rise to the net deferred tax assets (liabilities) have been included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows (in thousands): U.S. federal income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hong Kong and other income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As of June 26, 2011 Asset Liabilities Current Noncurrent Current Noncurrent $10,072 7,785 $17,857 $— 796* $796 $— — $— $(21,902) — $(21,902) * This amount is included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. U.S. federal income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hong Kong and other income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As of June 27, 2010 Asset Liabilities Current Noncurrent Current Noncurrent $18,258 565 $18,823 $— — $— $— — $— $(38,058) (1,340) $(39,398) As of June 26, 2011 the Company has approximately $10.7 million of state net operating loss carryovers against which a full valuation allowance has been recorded. Furthermore, the Company has approximately $0.8 million of alternative minimum tax credits carryforwards that relate to excess stock option benefits which, if and when realized, will credit additional paid in capital. Additionally, the Company has $5.7 million of state income tax credit carryforwards. The state net operating loss carryovers will begin to expire in fiscal 2015 and the state income tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2016. During fiscal 2010, the Company was notified by the Internal Revenue Service that it had been allocated $39 million of federal tax credits as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Internal Revenue Section 48C). This $39 million allocation was based upon the Company projecting that it would put into service approximately $130 million of qualified equipment into its United States manufacturing locations over the next three years. During fiscal 2010 and 2011 the Company has generated $10.8 and $23.7 million of 48C credit, respectively. The tax benefit (net of related basis adjustments) will be amortized into income over the useful life (5 years) of the underlying equipment that was placed in service to generate these credits. As of June 26, 2011, the Company has recognized an income tax benefit of $4.0 million related to the credits generated to date. Effective with the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (ASC 740). ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is cumulatively more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. During fiscal 2011, the Company recognized a net decrease in total unrecognized tax benefits of $0.6 million comprised of a decrease of $1.4 million related to Hong Kong statute expirations, offset with an increase of $0.8 million related to prior year tax positions. As a result, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of 76 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) June 26, 2011 is $7.0 million. Of the $7.0 million total unrecognized tax benefits, $7.0 million represents tax positions that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Although timing of the resolution and/or closure on audits is highly uncertain, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that approximately $2.6 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next 12 months as a result of pending audit settlements or statute expirations. The following is a tabular reconciliation of the Company’s change in uncertain tax positions under ASC 740 (in thousands): Beginning Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increases related to current year tax positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increases related to prior year tax positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decreases related to prior year tax positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expiration of statute of limitations for assessment of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Settlement of tax positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 $ 7,602 — 741 — (1,356) — $10,878 — 72 — (427) (2,921) Ending Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6,987 $ 7,602 The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of June 26, 2011, the Company accrued $137 thousand for the payment of interest related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company files U.S. federal, U.S. state and foreign tax returns. For U.S. federal purposes, the Company is generally no longer subject to examinations for fiscal years ended June 29, 2008 and prior. For foreign purposes, the Company is no longer subject to examination for tax periods 2000 and prior. Certain carryforward tax attributes generated in prior years remain subject to examination and adjustment. For U.S. state tax returns the Company is generally no longer subject to tax examinations for fiscal years prior to 2008. The Company is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for fiscal 2009. The Company is also currently under inquiry by the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department for fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2009. The Company previously established a valuation allowance for state income tax losses and foreign tax losses, as well as unrealized losses on certain securities, as the Company believed that it was more likely than not that the tax benefits of the items would not be realized. During fiscal 2011, the valuation allowance increased by $0.2 million. This increase was comprised of a $0.2 million increase for state income tax credits and state net operating losses generated in certain tax jurisdictions. Based on all available evidence, the Company believes it will not realize the benefits attributable to the state income tax credits and net operating losses prior to their expiration. This $0.2 million increase was offset by a corresponding increase in the deferred tax asset. The Company provides for U.S. income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries’ earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. As of June 26, 2011, U.S. income taxes were not provided for on a cumulative total of approximately $186.0 million of undistributed earnings for certain non-U.S. subsidiaries, as the Company currently intends to reinvest these earnings in these foreign operations indefinitely. Determination of the amount of any deferred tax liability on these undistributed earnings is not practicable. During fiscal 2011, it was determined that the Company was no longer eligible for the previously disclosed China tax holiday with respect to its new chip manufacturing operations. As such, the deferred tax asset has been revalued at the 25% China statutory rate, resulting in an income tax benefit in the amount $0.7 million. 77 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Effective the third quarter of fiscal 2011, the Company no longer qualifies for a 15% tax rate with respect to its historic manufacturing facility in China. As such, the deferred tax asset has been revalued at the 25% China statutory rate, resulting in an income tax benefit in the amount of $2.3 million. During fiscal 2011, the Company was awarded a tax holiday in Malaysia with respect to its manufacturing and distribution operations. As a result of this arrangement, which allows for 0% tax for 10 years starting in fiscal 2011, our net income increased by $1.8 million ($0.02 per basic and diluted share). Note 13—Commitments and Contingencies Warranties The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s product warranty liabilities (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 Balance at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,308 $ 662 $138 Costs accrued for new warranty contracts and changes in estimates for pre-existing warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,448 (521) 893 (247) Balance at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,235 $1,308 564 (40) $662 Product warranties are provided for at the time the Company recognizes revenue. The warranty periods range from ninety (90) days to seven years. The Company estimates these warranty liabilities as a percentage of revenue, based on historical knowledge of warranty costs and expected future warranty costs. If actual product failure rates materially differ from these estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The Company evaluates its warranty reserve on a quarterly basis. Lease Commitments The Company leases certain office and manufacturing space under the terms of non-cancelable operating leases. These leases expire at various times through November 2015. All of the lease agreements provide for rental adjustments for increases in base rent over the term of the lease. The Company records net rent expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. Rent expense associated with these operating leases totaled approximately $3.0 million, $2.7 million and $2.3 million for each of the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively. Sublease income was approximately $0.0, $0.0 million and $0.7 million for the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively. Also, the agreements may require that the Company pay property taxes and general property maintenance in addition to the minimum rental payments. Future minimum rental payments as of June 26, 2011 (under leases currently in effect) are as follows, (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ending Minimum Rental Amount June 24, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 29, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 28, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,664 1,879 1,576 1,456 335 — $7,910 78 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Litigation The Company is currently a party to various legal proceedings, including certain of the proceedings noted in this section. While management presently believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm the Company’s financial position, cash flows, or overall trends in results of operations, legal proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings could occur. An unfavorable ruling could include money damages or, in matters for which injunctive relief or other conduct remedies are sought, an injunction prohibiting us from selling one or more products at all or in particular ways. Were unfavorable final outcomes to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, results of operation, financial position, and overall trends. Except as may be otherwise indicated, the outcomes in these matters are not reasonably estimable. Cree, Inc. v. SemiLEDs Corporation and Helios Crew Corp. The Company is the plaintiff in an action against defendants SemiLEDs Corporation and its subsidiary, Helios Crew Corp., pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The action was commenced by the filing of a complaint on October 8, 2010. The complaint alleges the defendants are infringing three U.S. patents owned by the Company. The three patents are No. 7,737,459 entitled “High Output Group III Nitride Light Emitting Diodes,” No. 7,211,833 entitled “Light Emitting Diodes Including Barrier Layers/Sublayers” and No. 7,611,915, entitled “Methods for Manufacturing Light Emitting Diodes Including Barrier Layers/Sublayers.” The suit seeks monetary damages and an injunction against future infringements. The defendants filed an answer and counterclaims in which they deny any infringement and assert, among other defenses, that the patents are invalid. The counterclaims seek a declaratory judgment that the defendants have not infringed the patents and that the patents are invalid. On March 16, 2011, the court allowed the Company to add claims for infringement of three additional U.S. patents owned by the Company: No. 6,657,236 entitled “Enhanced Light Extraction in LEDS Through the Use of Internal and External Optical Elements”; No. 7,795,623 entitled “Light Emitting Devices Having Current Reducing Structures and Methods of Forming Light Emitting Devices Having Current Reducing Structures”; and No. 7,557,380 entitled “Light Emitting Devices Having a Reflective Bond Pad and Methods of Fabricating Light Emitting Devices Having Reflective Bond Pads. On August 15, 2011, SemiLEDs Corporation and SemiLEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. filed a complaint for patent infringement against Cree, Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware seeking injunctive relief and damages for alleged infringement of the following three U.S. patents: No. 7,615,789 entitled “Vertical Light Emitting Diode Device Structure,” No. 7,646,033 entitled “Systems and Methods for Producing White-Light Emitting Diodes,” and No. D580,888 entitled “Light Emitting Diode Device With Electrode.” Dynacraft Industries Sdn Bhd v. Cree, Inc. and Cree Malaysia Sdn Bhd On April 29, 2009, Dynacraft Industries Sdn Bhd commenced an action against the Company and Cree Malaysia Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of the Company, in Malaysia in a filing with the High Court of Malaysia at Pulau Pinang (Penang). The statement of claim filed in the action alleges that the Cree defendants breached an agreement to purchase from Dynacraft certain real property in Malaysia for a contract price of 38,000,000 Malaysia ringgit (approximately $10.8 million) and seeks an award of damages in an unspecified amount. The Cree defendants have filed defenses denying liability for damages. The Fox Group, Inc. v. Cree, Inc. On June 29, 2010, The Fox Group, Inc. commenced a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company by filing a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The complaint asserted that the Company is infringing U.S. Patent No. 6,534,026, entitled “Low Defect Density Silicon Carbide” (the “‘026 Patent”) and U.S. Patent No. 6,562,130, entitled “Low Defect Axially Grown Single Crystal Silicon Carbide” 79 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) (the “‘130 Patent”). It alleged that the Company is infringing the patents by making, using, selling, and/or offering for sale silicon carbide substrates and products that use silicon carbide that practice the inventions claimed in the patents, and it requested a judgment against the Company for damages in an unspecified amount, an injunction against infringements, attorneys’ fees and costs. On August 30, 2010, the Company filed an answer and counterclaims in which it denied any infringement and asserted, among other defenses, that the patents are invalid and are unenforceable. The counterclaims sought a declaratory judgment that the Company has not infringed the patents and that the patents are invalid and unenforceable. On July 20, 2011, the court granted summary judgment in favor of the Company with respect to the ‘026 patent, finding that the ‘026 patent was not infringed, and dismissed as moot the Company’s counterclaims of invalidity and unenforceability with respect to the ‘026 patent. On August 8, 2011, the court granted summary judgment in favor of the Company with respect to the ‘130 Patent, finding that the ‘130 patent was invalid, dismissed as moot the Company’s counterclaims of non-infringement and unenforceability with respect to the ‘130 patent, and ordered the case closed. Note 14—Concentrations of Risk Financial instruments, which may subject the Company to a concentration of risk, consist principally of short-term investments, cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. Short-term and long-term investments consist primarily of high-grade corporate debt, commercial paper, government securities and other investments at interest rates that vary by security. The Company’s cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds. Certain bank deposits may at times be in excess of the FDIC insurance limits. The Company sells its products on account to manufacturers, distributors and others worldwide and generally requires no collateral. When title has transferred and the earnings process is complete, the Company records revenue and related accounts receivable. The Company has the following percentage of its accounts receivable due from the following customers who account for more than 10% of the consolidated balance as of each fiscal year-end: Arrow Electronics, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World Peace Industrial Co., Ltd. 17% 12% 19% 15% June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 The Company has derived its product revenue from sales to customers who represent more than 10% of consolidated revenue as follows: Fiscal Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 Arrow Electronics, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World Peace Industrial Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seoul Semiconductor Co., Ltd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20% 10% 3% 19% 11% 9% 11% 7% 13% Note 15—Retirement Savings Plan The Company sponsors an employee benefit plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. All U.S. employees are eligible to participate under the Plan on the first day of a new fiscal month after the date of hire. Under the Plan, there is no fixed dollar amount of retirement benefits; rather, the Company matches a defined percentage of employee deferrals, and employees vest in these matching funds over time. Employees chose their investment elections from a list of available investment options. During 80 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, the Company contributed approximately $3.9 million, $3.1 million and $2.7 million to the Plan, respectively. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation does not insure the Plan. Note 16—Related Party Transactions In July 2010 Mark Swoboda was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Intematix Corporation (Intematix). Mark Swoboda is the brother of the Company’s Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Charles M. Swoboda. For a number of years the Company has purchased raw materials from Intematix and sold LED chips to Intematix pursuant to standard purchase orders in the ordinary course of business. The Company anticipates that it will continue to purchase raw materials from Intematix in the future pursuant to standard purchase orders. During fiscal 2011, Intematix purchased $0.5 million of products from the Company pursuant to standard purchase orders. As of June 26, 2011, the Company had no outstanding receivable balance from Intematix. During fiscal 2011, the Company purchased $0.8 million of raw materials from Intematix pursuant to standard purchase orders. The Company had $0.1 million outstanding to Intematix as of June 26, 2011. Note 17—Geographic Information The Company is currently organized and managed as one operating and reportable segment. The Company conducts business in several foreign countries. The following table sets forth the percentage of revenues from external customers by country: China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revenues from External Customers For the Years Years Ended June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 June 28, 2009 36% 24% 14% 4% 7% 2% 5% 8% 40% 19% 13% 10% 9% 2% 4% 3% 38% 20% 10% 15% 9% 3% 3% 2% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100% 100% 100% The following table sets forth the Company’s net property and equipment by country (in thousands): Long-Lived Assets As of June 26, 2011 June 27, 2010 United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $402,783 143,846 9,300 $295,593 116,280 7,853 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $555,929 $419,726 81 CREE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The Company attributes revenues from external customers to individual countries based on the location to which the Company’s products are shipped. Note 18—Quarterly Results of Operations—Unaudited The following is a summary of the Company’s consolidated quarterly results of operations for each of the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010 (in thousands, except per share data): September 26, 2010 December 26, 2010 March 27, 2011 June 26, 2011 Fiscal Year 2011 Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total cost of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $268,437 137,908 130,529 58,036 $256,983 135,837 121,146 49,775 $219,168 127,773 91,395 18,881 $243,027 150,324 92,703 19,808 $987,615 551,842 435,773 146,500 Earnings per share: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 0.54 0.53 $ $ 0.46 0.45 $ $ 0.17 0.17 $ $ 0.18 0.18 $ $ 1.35 1.33 September 27, 2009 December 27, 2009 March 28, 2010 June 27, 2010 Fiscal Year 2010 Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total cost of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $169,130 95,352 73,778 21,026 $199,475 105,405 94,070 33,786 $234,083 121,877 112,206 44,630 $264,599 133,546 131,053 52,848 $867,287 456,180 411,107 152,290 Earnings per share: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 0.23 0.23 $ $ 0.32 0.32 $ $ 0.42 0.41 $ $ 0.49 0.48 $ $ 1.49 1.45 Note 19—Subsequent Event On August 17, 2011, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with all of the shareholders of Ruud Lighting, Inc. (Ruud). Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired all of the outstanding share capital of Ruud in exchange for consideration consisting of 6,074,833 shares of the Company’s common stock and $372.2 million cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. In connection with the stock purchase transaction with Ruud, the Company paid off Ruud’s outstanding debt in the aggregate amount of approximately $85 million. 82 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in that they provide reasonable assurances that the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. In the course of our ongoing preparations for making management’s report on internal control over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, from time to time we have identified areas in need of improvement and have taken remedial actions to strengthen the affected controls as appropriate. We make these and other changes to enhance the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, which do not have a material effect on our overall internal control. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting on an ongoing basis and will take action as appropriate. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. 83 In making the assessment of internal control over financial reporting, our management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on that assessment and those criteria, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 26, 2011. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 26, 2011 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report, which is included in this Annual Report. 84 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Cree, Inc. We have audited Cree, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 26, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Cree, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, Cree, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 26, 2011, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Cree, Inc. as of June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 26, 2011 of Cree, Inc. and our report dated August 17, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Ernst & Young LLP Raleigh, North Carolina August 17, 2011 85 Item 9B. Other Information Not applicable. PART III Certain information called for in Items 10, 11,12, 13 and 14 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement relating to our annual meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of fiscal 2011. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 86 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules PART IV (a)(1) and (2) The financial statements and reports of independent registered public accounting firm are filed as part of this Annual Report (see “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” at Item 8). The financial statement schedules are not included in this item as they are either not applicable or are included as part of the consolidated financial statements. (a)(3) The following exhibits have been or are being filed herewith and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K: Exhibit No. Description 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 10.1* 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* Articles of Incorporation, as restated (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2002, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2002) Bylaws, as amended and restated (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 25, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 29, 2010) Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2002, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2002) Rights Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2002, between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, including the form of Rights Certificate and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Stock, attached thereto as Exhibits B and C, respectively (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.01 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2002) Amendment No. 1 to Rights Agreement, dated as of October 16, 2006, between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.02 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 16, 2006) 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 25, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 29, 2010) Equity Compensation Plan, as amended and restated August 5, 2002 (terminated as to future grants dated November 4, 2004) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99(d)(1) to the Company’s Tender Offer Statement filed on Schedule TO, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2003) Form of Master Stock Option Award Agreement for Grants of Nonqualified Stock Options to Non-Employee Directors (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 1, 2004, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004) Addendum to Form of Master Stock Option Award Agreement Terms and Conditions for Grants of Nonqualified Stock Options to Non-Employee Directors (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 27, 2009, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 21, 2009) 87 Exhibit No. Description 10.5* 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* 10.11* 10.12* 10.13* 10.14* 10.15* 10.16* Form of Master Stock Option Award Agreement for Grants of Nonqualified Stock Options to Employees (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 1, 2004, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004) Form of Master Stock Option Award Agreement for Grants of Nonqualified Stock Options (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 24, 2006, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 2, 2006) Form of Master Stock Option Award Agreement for Grants of Nonqualified Stock Options (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 26, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 19, 2011) Form of Master Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 25, 2005, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2005) Form of Master Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 24, 2006, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 2, 2006) Fiscal 2011 Management Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 16, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2010) Schedule of Compensation for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 27, 2009, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 21, 2009) Non-Employee Director Stock Compensation and Deferral Program (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 27, 2009, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 21, 2009) Amendment One to Non-Employee Director Stock Compensation and Deferral Program (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 26, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 19, 2011) Charles Swoboda Employment Agreement, as amended and restated effective August 21, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 20, 2007, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2007) Notice of Grant to Charles M. Swoboda, dated August 16, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 16, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2010) Master Performance Unit Award Agreement, dated August 18, 2008, between Cree, Inc. and Charles M. Swoboda (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 18, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2008) 88 Exhibit No. Description 10.17* 10.18* 10.19* 10.20* 10.21* 10.22* 10.23* 10.24* 10.25* 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Notice of Grant to John T. Kurtzweil, dated August 16, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 16, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2010) Master Performance Unit Award Agreement, dated August 16, 2010, between Cree, Inc. and John T. Kurtzweil (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 16, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2010) Notice of Grant to Stephen D. Kelley, dated August 16, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 16, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2010) Master Performance Unit Award Agreement, dated August 16, 2010, between Cree, Inc. and Stephen D. Kelley (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 16, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2010) Cree, Inc. Severance Plan for Section 16 Officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 18, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2008) Executive Change in Control Agreement, effective August 18, 2008, between Cree, Inc. and Charles M. Swoboda (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 18, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2008) Executive Change in Control Agreement, effective August 18, 2008, between Cree, Inc. and John T. Kurtzweil (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 18, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2008) Executive Change in Control Agreement, effective August 19, 2008, between Cree, Inc. and Stephen D. Kelley (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 18, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2008) Form of Cree, Inc. Indemnification Agreement for Directors and Officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 25, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 29, 2010) Subsidiaries of the Company Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 89 Exhibit No. Description 101 The following materials from Cree Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 26, 2011 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and furnished electronically herewith: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (iv) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(a) * Management contract or compensatory plan (a) Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files in Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections. 90 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. CREE, INC. Date: August 17, 2011 By: /s/ CHARLES M. SWOBODA Charles M. Swoboda Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ CHARLES M. SWOBODA Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, August 17, 2011 Charles M. Swoboda and President /s/ JOHN T. KURTZWEIL John T. Kurtzweil /s/ CLYDE R. HOSEIN Clyde R. Hosein Executive Vice President, Chief August 17, 2011 Financial Officer and Treasurer Director August 17, 2011 /s/ ROBERT A. INGRAM Director August 17, 2011 Robert A. Ingram /s/ FRANCO PLASTINA Director August 17, 2011 Franco Plastina /s/ ROBERT L. TILLMAN Director August 17, 2011 Robert L. Tillman /s/ DOLPH W. VON ARX Director August 17, 2011 Dolph W. von Arx /s/ HARVEY A. WAGNER Director August 17, 2011 Harvey A. Wagner /s/ THOMAS H. WERNER Director August 17, 2011 Thomas H. Werner 91 NOTES NOTES NOTES 60994_IBC_cx1.pdf 1 8/31/11 12:52 PM 2011 C O R P O R A T E I N F O R M A T I O N Corporate Headquarters Cree, Inc. 4600 Silicon Drive Durham, NC 27703-8475 Phone: 919.407.5300 Fax: 919.407.5615 www.cree.com Independent Auditor Ernst & Young LLP Raleigh, NC Transfer Agent and Registrar American Stock Transfer & Trust Company 56 Maiden Lane, Plaza Level New York, NY 10038 Phone: 800.937.5449 www.amstock.com Investor Relations Raiford Garrabrant Phone: 919.407.7895 Additional investor materials may be obtained without charge by contacting Investor Relations. Annual Meeting of Shareholders The annual meeting of shareholders will be held on Oct. 25, 2011, at 10 a.m. at the company’s offices located at 4600 Silicon Drive, Durham, NC. Additional Information The company’s stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and is quoted under the symbol “CREE”. Executive Officers Charles M. Swoboda Chairman and Chief Executive Officer John T. Kurtzweil Executive Vice President-Finance, CFO and Treasurer Stephen D. Kelley Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Board of Directors Clyde R. Hosein CFO Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Robert A. Ingram General Partner Hatteras Venture Partners Franco Plastina Former CEO Tekelec Alan J. Ruud Vice Chairman - Lighting Cree, Inc. Charles M. Swoboda Chairman and CEO Cree, Inc. Robert L. Tillman Retired CEO Lowe’s Companies, Inc. Dolph W. von Arx Retired CEO Planters Lifesavers Company Harvey A. Wagner Managing Principal H.A. Wagner Group LLC Thomas H. Werner CEO SunPower Corporation Cree, the Cree logo, XLamp, and TrueWhite are registered trademarks of Cree, Inc. CR6, Cree TrueWhite, Lighting the LED Revolution and the Lighting the LED Revolution logo are trademarks of Cree, Inc. BetaLED is a registered trademark of Ruud Lighting, Inc., a Cree company. 2011 ANNUAL REPORT “THEY SAID IT COULDN’T BE DONE. WE DIDN’T LISTEN.” TODAY CREE IS TAKING THE LED LIGHTING REVOLUTION TO PLACES NO ONE EVER THOUGHT POSSIBLE. C R E E 2 0 1 1 A N N U A L R E P O R T 60994_Cover.pdf 1 8/24/11 3:35 PM www.cree.com Our latest revolutionary idea, the Cree 21st century concept lamp shatters lighting efficiency standards. Again.THE LED LIGHTING DECLARATION We declare this as our universal goal: to make energy-wasting, traditional lighting technologies obsolete through the use of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly LED Lighting. We endeavor to:• Reduce the damaging effects of energy inefficiency on our economies and environments• Realize energy-efficient lighting products in every country, city and home• Revitalize the lighting industry and release it from its century-old habits “We are the innovators, the pioneers, the dreamers. The ones who see a bright and possible future for humanity. We are the doers, the influencers, the teachers. We are bold and persuasive in communicating the potential and the promise. We are the rebels, the nonconformists, the free spirits. We do not accept the status quo. We are LED Lighting Revolutionaries. “We proclaim this universal declaration of LED Lighting:• All human beings are born into light. Created light is a fundamental and integral part of our productivity, security and artistic expression as human beings. • Creating light consumes energy. The least expensive, most secure and cleanest energy is the energy that is not used.• Proper quantity and quality of light are essential to human perception, performance, and enrichment of life. These should not be sacrificed in the name of energy savings.• Poisoning our ground water, lakes, oceans and fellow humans with toxic mercury is not an acceptable price for energy-efficient lighting. • Innovation and creativity can make efficient LED lighting affordable and available to all.The LED Lighting Revolution will not come to life on its own; people, corporations and institutions are the LED Lighting Revolutionaries. Acting alone, working together, and leading others, we accept the mantle of stewardship of the LED Lighting Revolution. Join usThe LED Lighting Revolutionaries 

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