CSX
Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

Annual Report 2023 In This Report Message from the CEO Powered to Perform Financial Performance Safety Performance Service Performance Growth Opportunities Environmental, Social and Governance Board of Directors Executive Management 02 04 06 07 08 09 10 20 21 01 Message from the CEO Dear Fellow Shareholders, Fueled by innovation, service excellence and an increasingly engaged workforce, CSX delivered solid results in 2023, as we advanced our strategy of expanding the role of rail in the U.S. supply chain. We provided reliable, industry-leading service to our customers. We signifi cantly improved our safety performance. And we achieved overall volume growth in our Merchandise and Coal market segments that outpaced the industrial economy. This allowed us to fi nish the year in a robust fi nancial position, even as softness in certain commodity markets contributed to year-over-year declines in revenue and earnings. Our 2023 successes were a tribute to the dedication of our employees, who embraced our ONE CSX cultural transformation that is building trust and teamwork across the company. We made tremendous progress on our many initiatives to improve the work experience for all employees by responding to their feedback and implementing policies and practices that demonstrate our respect for the value they create for our company. Strengthening our ONE CSX workforce is a fundamental part of our strategy to grow our business by providing customers with dependable service performance and solutions that allow us to increase our share of the freight transportation market. At the same time, we are implementing new technologies to enhance safety and improve the customer experience, and we are continuing to pursue environmental initiatives that increase fuel effi ciency, reduce emissions and help our customers achieve their supply chain sustainability goals. These strategies helped drive our business performance in 2023. Growth in our merchandise shipments eff ectively mitigated adverse revenue impacts caused by diminished income from fuel surcharges, pricing declines in export coal due to the impact of lower benchmark rates and other supplemental charges, as well as a revenue gain in 2022 from a property sale agreement with the Commonwealth of Virginia. These factors contributed to a 1% decline in revenue and an 11% decrease in net earnings for the year. Among the highlights of our growth strategy in 2023 were the introduction of innovative new service solutions, such as the expanding use of ISO-tank equipment through our Quality Carriers business, which provides a fast, effi cient connection to our intermodal product for chemicals customers, and the expansion of our TRANSFLO transloading service that has nearly 50 active terminals across our network, so customers can ship bulk commodities by rail to supply destinations that aren’t rail-served. We also benefi ted from an expanding number of new customer facilities that We are pleased with our 2023 safety improvement, and technologies. We expanded and accelerated continue to locate on CSX lines through the excellent which included fi nishing the year with one of the deployment of wayside defect detection sensors, work of our industrial development team and our strongest quarters for safety in our company’s history. strengthened analysis of data gathered by remote best-in-class CSX Select Site program. In the fourth quarter, our rate of reportable personal sensors and committed $1.7 billion of last year’s injuries improved 44% and our train accident rate $2.3 billion capital budget to essential track, bridge Superior service was the foundation of our growth improved 46% from the previous quarter. Altogether, and signal projects that support the consistent, safe initiatives, as we regained or surpassed pre-pandemic for the full year 2023, we achieved a 12% year-over-year operations of our network. We are also continuing levels in multiple performance metrics. The scheduled reduction in our FRA personal injury rate and a to explore new technologies to supplement those railroading operating principles implemented over the 1% improvement in our train accident rate. While these we are already using to increase the frequency and past seven years, along with a successful crew hiring statistics show progress, we are also deeply saddened thoroughness of our inspections of infrastructure campaign, helped lead our service gains, while the by the loss of three CSX employees who were fatally and equipment. ONE CSX initiatives to improve the employee experience injured during workplace incidents in 2023. Their lives put us on a course for continued progress. cannot be replaced, but we have dedicated our safety Entering 2024, we are excited about our company’s In 2023, we became the fi rst Class I railroad to reach improvement to their memory. future and looking forward to delivering the growth and ongoing safety and service improvements made agreements with rail labor unions that provide paid sick CSX always regards safe operations as our foremost possible by our ONE CSX workforce. possible by our ONE CSX workforce. leave for our represented employees. We also revised our responsibility, and in 2023, we heightened our focus attendance policy for operations employees to encourage following a high-profi le train accident on another more fl exibility and foster a coaching-oriented approach. Class I railroad. The East Palestine, Ohio, incident And we enhanced our supervisor training with stronger prompted increased public scrutiny of rail safety, emphasis on collaboration and communication. and we responded with a thorough review and several enhancements to our accident-prevention programs Joe Hinrichs Joe Hinrichs President and Chief Executive Offi cer 02 03 Powered to Perform CSX Revenue Mix 59% Merchandise CSX brings on-time delivery, first-class service and a seamless shipping experience to customers across an extensive network that reaches nearly two-thirds of the U.S. population and a diverse set of consumers and industrial end markets. A leading supplier of rail-based freight transportation, CSX is powered to deliver 17% Coal comprehensive service solutions. 14% Intermodal 6% Trucking 4% Other 30% Chemicals 19% Agricultural and Food Products 14% Automotive 12% Forest Products 11% Metals and Equipment 8% Minerals 6% Fertilizers A leading supplier of rail-based freight transportation, CSX is powered to deliver comprehensive service solutions. CSX Network PORTLAND SYRACUSE SYRACUSE BUFFALO SELKIRK SELKIRK CHICAGO TOLEDO CLEVELAND CLEVELAND DETROIT AVONAVON WILLARD WILLARD COLUMBUS COLUMBUS CINCINNATI CINCINNATI RUSSELL RUSSELL PITTSBURGH PITTSBURGH CUMBERLAND CUMBERLAND BALTIMORE LOUISVILLE LOUISVILLE NASHVILLE NASHVILLE MEMPHIS MEMPHIS BIRMINGHAM ATLANTA ATLANTA RICHMOND ROCKY MOUNT HAMLET HAMLET FLORENCE CHARLESTON MONTGOMERY MONTGOMERY SAVANNAH WAYCROSS JACKSONVILLE MOBILE NEW ORLEANS TAMPA MAJOR TERMINAL CSX RAIL SERVICE CSX OPERATING AGREEMENT 04 05 Financial Performance Safety Performance $14,853 (FRA) Personal Injury Frequency Index was In a year of many challenging economic trends, Revenue (millions) CSX delivered solid financial results in 2023. The effects of stronger merchandise pricing and higher merchandise and coal volume, which grew 2% and 8%, respectively, compared to 2022, were offset by lower intermodal storage revenue, reduced fuel surcharge, the effects of softer global benchmark coal prices and weaker intermodal volume. For the full year, revenues declined by 1%, operating income decreased by 2022 2023 $14,657 -1% Operating Income (millions) 8%, and earnings per share were 5% lower vs. 2022 2022. Last year’s results included $144 million in pre-tax gains from the property sale agreement $6,023 with the Commonwealth of Virginia. 2023 $5,561 -8% Net Earnings (millions) Operating Ratio Merchandise Volume (thousands) Merchandise Revenue (millions) $4,166 $3,715 62.1% 59.5% 2,558 2,621 $8,239 $8,653 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 -11% 06 260 bps increase 2% 5% CSX employees continued to display their the company’s first responder training program commitment to our safety-focused culture in 2023. reached more than 6,000 people in communities The company’s Federal Railroad Administration throughout its rail network. 0.89 per 100,000 employees, which was a 12% These investments and more demonstrate CSX’s improvement over 2022. The FRA Train Accident commitment to safety and protecting its employees, Rate was 3.32, a 1% improvement over the prior communities and customers. year. The improvement in CSX’s safety results can be attributed to the company’s continued investment in infrastructure, technology, training and personnel. FRA Train Accident Rate 2022 2023 In 2023, CSX invested $1.7 billion in track, bridge and signal projects, out of a total $2.3 billion capital 3.37 3.32 1% budget. The company also made key technology FRA Personal Injury Frequency Index 2022 2023 1.01 0.89 12% investments, including second-generation hot bearing detectors, which provide more accurate temperature measurements of train bearings and are more effective at preventing accidents. CSX also invested in autonomous track testing cars, which can allow key lines to be inspected as often as twice per week versus twice per year when relying only on manual methods. Other technology projects included automated train inspection portals, a drone safety program and next-generation Positive Train Control system enhancements. CSX’s 2023 safety investment also extended to its employees. Among its several initiatives, the company assigned additional mentors to reinforce fundamental safety practices with its newly hired employees and also provided more comprehensive risk assessment resources and training. In addition, 07 Service Performance Growth Opportunities CSX reached new levels of service performance Train Velocity (miles per hour) in 2023, and remains focused on continual improvement. At year-end 2023, velocity and 2022 2023 dwell improved by 12% and 17% respectively, 16.1 18.0 compared to the previous year. The company also saw a substantial enhancement in carload trip plan performance, which rose to 84% Terminal Car Dwell (hours per car) from 64%. Likewise, intermodal trip plan 2022 2023 performance strengthened to 95% from a 90% average in 2022. Overall, 2023 marked a significant year for the consistency of CSX’s service, with visible improvement across key service metrics that was recognized by our customers. We believe that it is our company’s unique combination of a robust operating model and employees who strive for excellence in safety, service and efficiency—underpinned by the ONE CSX culture—that is the primary drivers of CSX’s service performance success. 11.3 9.4 17% Cars Online 2022 2023 138,074 125,580 9% Carload Trip Plan Performance 2022 2023 64% 84% 31% Intermodal Trip Plan Performance 2022 2023 90% 95% 6% Profitable growth remained the focus point of As part of its efforts, CSX has been leveraging CSX’s strategy in 2023. Foundational to this strategy technology to provide greater customers with tools is building a culture of trust and teamwork among that make it easier for them to do business with us. 12% employees and investing in technologies to ensure The modernization of the ShipCSX customer a higher level of employee engagement to support web portal is adding new tools, a more intuitive excellence in customer service. platform, and simplified pricing documents. CSX also launched an enhanced carbon calculator The ONE CSX cultural transformation lies at the on its ShipCSX portal in 2023 to help customers center of the company’s growth potential. As a critical make informed decisions about using rail to reduce part of this initiative, CSX is soliciting feedback from emissions and meet their sustainability goals. employees about how to improve their overall work experience. In response to this feedback, the company In addition, CSX is proactively helping customers is introducing innovative policies and processes locate prime, rail-served locations to develop through that are aimed at increasing transparency and its Select Site program while collaborating with management responsiveness. ONE CSX is a way others to design rail-based service solutions for the company to demonstrate our commitment to meet their changing business needs. to the CSX team members who are all working together for our shared success. These and other tools and technologies implemented in 2023 are positioning CSX for continued growth by providing greater operational efficiencies, better service and a seamless customer experience. 08 09 Environmental, Social and Governance 10 11 Environmental Sustainability Key sustainability advancements include: CSX continues to demonstrate its dedication to maintaining an environmentally friendly freight rail system. Renowned for fuel efficiency, its trains B20 biodiesel fuel. The company is also partnering with CPKC to explore the development of hydrogen locomotive conversion kits. Furthermore, battery-powered, zero-emission locomotives have been identified as a feasible option for certain operations. can move a ton of freight more In addition to technological advancements, than 500 miles on just one gallon of fuel. With consistent efforts to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, CSX remains a forerunner in sustainable freight transportation. CSX has pledged to reduce GHG emissions by 37.3% before 2030 and has already reduced our emissions intensity by 13% since 2014. As part of its commitment, the company is leveraging advanced locomotive technologies and innovative operating practices to move closer to this goal. CSX is also actively testing and investing in alternative fuel projects and technologies, including a successful pilot program with Wabtec testing CSX enhances its service solutions to help customers optimize supply chains and reduce carbon footprints. Quality Carriers expands the reach of our efficient network to a broader base of chemicals customers, reducing their dependency on carbon-intensive trucks. The TRANSFLO network continues to grow, providing efficient transloading services. The CSX Greenway offers seamless dock-to-dock, environmentally friendly transportation for refrigerated goods along the I-95 corridor. As previously mentioned, CSX has also launched an enhanced Carbon Calculator to support shippers' sustainability goals. The calculator provides detailed analyses of carbon savings, allowing for informed supply chain decisions for favoring rail over truck transportation, considering factors like freight type, distance and volume. Overall, CSX's approach to sustainability encompasses a broad spectrum of initiatives, from advanced technologies to optimized services, proving its status as a leader in sustainable transportation. Further implementation and utilization Incorporation of over 1,200 upgraded of the Wabtec-developed Optimizer locomotives with distributed power system, which functions as a sophisticated, capabilities. Locomotives equipped with data-driven cruise control for trains, saving this technology can be placed at different about 41 million gallons of fuel annually. locations in a train instead of being Investment in distributed power technology, enabling longer trains and more efficient movement. coupled at the head end. This allows CSX to distribute power more efficiently and to operate longer trains, which enables us to move more freight with less fuel. Continuance of a Fuel Conservation Automated engine start-stop Desk, responsible for real-time fuel systems and other technologies aimed management and fleet optimization at reducing locomotive idle time and across the CSX network. boosting fuel efficiency. 500+ miles Distance CSX moves one ton of freight on a single gallon of fuel 12 13 Social Responsibility Beyond maintaining a robust and profitable corporate standing, CSX places equal importance on being a responsible and caring neighbor. Throughout 2023, the company showcased its dedication to strengthening its surrounding communities through a variety of philanthropic endeavors, both at the corporate level and through employee-driven initiatives. The company’s philanthropic efforts led to charitable giving amounting to $14.9 million, with employees donating $456,839 and contributing 18,606 volunteer hours. CSX also supported 423 organizations through grant distributions. Together CSX and its employees impacted 948 communities across its network. CSX leaders showed commitment to philanthropy, with the entire leadership team contributing to United Way. With 100% participation in United Way’s Tocqueville Society, CSX is proud to have leaders who strengthen the company’s connection with its communities. In 2023, CSX also continued to support service members, veterans and first responders through its Pride in Service initiative, sponsoring 1,292 service events, distributing 1,122 grants to service members, and awarding 240 scholarships to children in the military and first responder community. Employees were integral to this endeavor, generously dedicating $25,898 and 3,257 Zoo and Gardens. To preserve the history of the its support of military members and families. railroad industry, CSX announced it will donate CSX was also recognized as a military and volunteer hours to CSX Pride in Service efforts. $5 million to help renovate the B&O museum in veteran-friendly employer and as a top workplace CSX also made significant investment in its hometowns that provide a high quality of life for citizens and visitors. The company announced Baltimore, which is located right in the center of for disability inclusion. the region where the first miles of America’s railroads were built. a $10 million donation to the University of Florida For the company’s purpose- and mission-driven to support a future graduate center in downtown work in 2023, CSX received a Silver Anthem Award, Jacksonville, and a $1 million commitment to recognizing its commitment to diversity, help build a new train station in the Jacksonville equity and inclusion in the workplace, as well as 14 15 Social Responsibility CSX prioritizes its role as a corporate citizen. In 2023, the company’s corporate level and employee-driven initiatives enabled CSX to effectively support individuals and organizations across its vast network. $14.9M Total charitable giving in 2023 948 Communities impacted 18,606 Hours Contributed by employees $456,839 Donated by employees 423 Grants distributed 16 *Data pulled from 2023 statistics 17 Governance Effective governance practices play a crucial role in reducing risk, safeguarding shareholder interests and fostering sustained growth and prosperity in business. Throughout 2023, CSX remained dedicated to these principles. The company’s executive leadership, with the support and collaboration with the Board of Directors, created and implemented policies that reflected that commitment. It is the responsibility of the CSX Board of Directors and executive team to articulate the company’s vision and purpose to CSX’s practices are essential for ensuring proper disclosure of information, auditing and compliance. The company’s governance program includes: Annual election of directors Majority voting standard for election of directors Independent chairman of the board Stock ownership guidelines for officers and directors Policy against hedging or pledging of CSX shares Proxy access employees, customers and the communities Pay for performance alignment where CSX operates. That responsibility also includes supervising the adoption of robust governance standards, maintaining adherence to company policies, codes and values and overseeing continuous compliance with legal requirements and regulations. 18 18 19 Board of Directors Executive Management From left to right: Donna M. Alvarado Thomas P. Bostick Joe Hinrichs Steven T. Halverson Founder and President Retired U.S. Army Lieutenant President and Chief Chairman and former of Aguila International General and former Chief Executive Officer of CSX Chief Executive Officer Operating Officer at Intrexon of The Haskell Company From left to right: Joe Hinrichs President and Kevin S. Boone Mike Cory Nathan D. Goldman Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Commercial Officer and Chief Operating Officer Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary Paul C. Hilal Founder and David M. Moffett Linda H. Riefler Suzanne M. Vautrinot Retired Chief Executive Officer Director of MSCI and Founder and President of Kilovolt Controller of MR Argent and Director of the Federal Former Chairman of Global Consulting, Inc. and Retired U.S. Advisor LLC Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Research for Morgan Stanley Air Force Major General James L. Wainscott J. Steven Whisler John J. Zillmer Former Chairman, President Retired Chairman and Chief Chairman of the Board and and Chief Executive Officer of Executive Officer of Phelps Chief Executive Officer and AK Steel Holding Corporation Dodge Corporation Director of Aramark Corporation Sean R. Pelkey Diana B. Sorfleet Stephen Fortune Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Digital and Technology Officer 20 21 22 23 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (☒) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 OR (☐) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to __________ Commission File Number 1-8022 CSX CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Virginia (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 62-1051971 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 500 Water Street 15th Floor Jacksonville FL 32202 904 359-3200 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (Telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $1 Par Value Trading Symbol(s) Name of exchange on which registered CSX Nasdaq Global Select Market Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Yes (X) No ( ) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ( ) No (X) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes (X) No ( ) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes (X) No ( ) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Large Accelerated Filer (X) Accelerated Filer ( ) Non-accelerated Filer ( ) Smaller reporting company (☐) Emerging growth company (☐) If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ( ) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report (☒) If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. (□) Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). (□) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes (☐) No (X) On June 30, 2023 (which is the last day of the second quarter and the required date to use), the aggregate market value of the Registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $68 billion (based on the close price as reported on the NASDAQ National Market System on such date). There were 1,959,134,342 shares of Common Stock outstanding on January 31, 2024 (the latest practicable date that is closest to the filing date). DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year with respect to its 2024 annual meeting of shareholders. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.1 CSX CORPORATION FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS Item No. Page 1. Business 1A. Risk Factors 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 1C. Cybersecurity 2. Properties 3. Legal Proceedings 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Executive Officers of the Registrant PART I PART II 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 6. Reserved 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations · Terms Used by CSX · 2023 Highlights · Results of Operations · Liquidity and Capital Resources · Contractual Obligations, Other Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements · Labor Agreements · Critical Accounting Estimates · Forward-Looking Statements 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 9A. Controls and Procedures 9B. Other Information 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections PART III 10. Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance 11. Executive Compensation 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules PART IV Signatures 3 7 13 14 16 20 20 21 23 25 26 26 28 28 36 41 41 42 46 48 49 116 116 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 120 124 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.2 Item 1. Business CSX CORPORATION PART I CSX Corporation, together with its subsidiaries ("CSX" or the “Company”), based in Jacksonville, Florida, is one of the nation's leading transportation companies. The Company provides rail-based freight transportation services including traditional rail service, the transport of intermodal containers and trailers, as well as other transportation services such as rail-to-truck transfers and bulk commodity operations. CSX and the rail industry provide customers with access to an expansive and interconnected transportation network that plays a key role in North American commerce and is critical to the long-term economic success and improved global competitiveness of the United States. In addition, freight railroads provide the most economical and environmentally efficient means to transport goods over land. CSX Transportation, Inc. CSX’s principal operating subsidiary, CSX Transportation, Inc. (“CSXT”), provides an important link to the transportation supply chain through its approximately 20,000 route-mile rail network and serves major population centers in 26 states east of the Mississippi River, the District of Columbia and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It has access to over 70 ocean, river and lake port terminals along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, the Mississippi River, the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. This access allows the Company to meet the dynamic transportation needs of manufacturers, industrial producers, the automotive industry, construction companies, farmers and feed mills, wholesalers and retailers, and energy producers. The Company’s intermodal business links customers to railroads via trucks and terminals. CSXT also serves thousands of production and distribution facilities through track connections with other Class I railroads and more than 240 short-line and regional railroads. On June 1, 2022, CSX completed its acquisition of Pan Am Systems, Inc. (“Pan Am”), which is the parent company of Pan Am Railways, Inc. This acquisition expanded CSXT’s reach in the Northeastern United States. For further details, refer to Note 17, Business Combinations. CSXT is also responsible for the Company's real estate sales, leasing, acquisition and management and development activities. Substantially all of these activities are focused on supporting railroad operations. Other Entities In addition to CSXT, the Company’s subsidiaries include Quality Carriers, Inc. ("Quality Carriers"), CSX Intermodal Terminals, Inc. (“CSX Intermodal Terminals”), Total Distribution Services, Inc. (“TDSI”), TRANSFLO Terminal Services, Inc. (“TRANSFLO”), CSX Technology, Inc. (“CSX Technology”) and other subsidiaries. Effective July 1, 2021, CSX acquired Quality Carriers, the largest provider of bulk liquid chemicals truck transportation in North America. For further details, refer to Note 17, Business Combinations. CSX Intermodal Terminals owns and operates a system of intermodal terminals, predominantly in the eastern United States, and also provides drayage services (the pickup and delivery of intermodal shipments) for certain customers. TDSI serves the automotive industry with distribution centers and storage locations. TRANSFLO connects non-rail served customers to the many benefits of rail by transferring products from rail to trucks. The biggest TRANSFLO markets are chemicals and agriculture, which includes shipments of plastics and ethanol. CSX Technology and other subsidiaries provide support services for the Company. Operating Model The Company is focused on developing and strictly maintaining a scheduled service plan with an emphasis on improving customer service, optimizing assets and increasing employee engagement. When this operating model is executed effectively, the Company competes for an increased share of the U.S. freight market. Further, this model leads to reduced costs and strong free cash flow generation. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.3 CSX CORPORATION PART I Lines of Business During 2023, the Company's services generated $14.7 billion of revenue and served four primary lines of business: merchandise, intermodal, coal and trucking. • • The merchandise business shipped 2.6 million carloads (43% of volume) and generated $8.7 billion in revenue (59% of revenue) in 2023. The Company’s merchandise business is comprised of shipments in the following diverse markets: chemicals, agricultural and food products, automotive, minerals, forest products, metals and equipment, and fertilizers. The intermodal business shipped 2.8 million units (45% of volume) and generated $2.1 billion in revenue (14% of revenue) in 2023. The intermodal business combines the superior economics of rail transportation with the flexibility of trucks and offers a cost and environmental advantage over long-haul trucking. Through a network of approximately 30 terminals, the intermodal business serves all major markets east of the Mississippi River and transports mainly manufactured consumer goods in containers, providing customers with truck-like service for longer shipments. • The coal business shipped 755 thousand carloads (12% of volume) and generated $2.5 billion in revenue (17% of revenue) in 2023. The Company transports domestic coal, coke and iron ore to electricity-generating power plants, steel manufacturers and industrial plants as well as export coal to deep-water port facilities. Most of the export coal the Company transports is used for steelmaking, while the majority of domestic coal the Company ships is used for electricity generation. The trucking business generated $882 million, or 6%, of revenue in 2023. Trucking revenue includes revenue from the operations of Quality Carriers, which was acquired by CSX effective July 1, 2021. • Other revenue accounted for 4% of the Company’s total revenue in 2023. This category includes revenue from regional subsidiary railroads and incidental charges, including intermodal storage and equipment usage, demurrage and switching. Revenue from regional subsidiary railroads includes shipments by railroads that the Company does not directly operate. Intermodal storage represents charges for customer storage of containers at an intermodal terminal, ramp facility or offsite location beyond a specified period of time. Demurrage represents charges assessed when freight cars are held by a customer beyond a specified period of time. Switching represents charges assessed when a railroad switches cars for a customer or another railroad. CSX's Committed Workforce Most of the Company’s employees provide or support transportation services. The Company had more than 23,000 employees as of December 2023, which includes approximately 17,700 employees that are members of a rail labor union. As of December 2, 2022, all 12 rail unions at CSX that participated in national bargaining were covered by national agreements with the Class I railroads and CSX-specific agreements that will remain in effect through December 31, 2024. Collective agreements under the Railway Labor Act do not expire, but continue until amended, and formal notices to amend these agreements may be served as early as November 1, 2024. CSX prioritizes workplace safety for employees and is committed to continued improvement through enhanced processes, training, technology, communication, and continuous collaboration with customers and peers across the railroad industry. Training programs and processes are focused on injury and accident prevention as well as emergency preparedness. The attainment of key safety targets is a component of management's annual incentive program. The FRA Personal Injury Frequency Index, a measure of the number of FRA-reportable injuries per 200,000 man-hours, was 0.89 in 2023 and 1.01 in 2022, improving year over year. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.4 CSX CORPORATION PART I The Compensation and Talent Management Committee of the Board of Directors is charged with oversight of CSX's workforce. The Company is committed to developing a culture that promotes workforce diversity and inclusion and encourages ethical behavior. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 23% of CSX's overall workforce and 37% of management was diverse, calculated as the percentage of males of color and all females. In 2023, CSX was recognized as a “Best Place to Work for Disability Inclusion” by Disability:IN and the American Association of People with Disabilities for a fifth consecutive year after receiving a top score on their disability equality index. The CSX Code of Ethics serves as a guiding standard for ethical behavior and covers many types of matters, including discrimination and harassment as well as safety. Annually, all management employees are required, and union employees are highly encouraged, to complete ethics training. Company History A leader in freight rail transportation for nearly 200 years, the Company’s heritage dates back to the early nineteenth century when The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company (“B&O”), the nation’s first common carrier, was chartered in 1827. Since that time, the Company has built on this foundation to create a railroad that could safely and reliably service the ever-increasing demands of a growing nation. Since its founding, numerous railroads have combined with the former B&O through merger and consolidation to create what has become CSX. Each of the railroads that combined into the CSX family brought new geographical reach to valuable markets, gateways, cities, ports and transportation corridors. CSX Corporation was incorporated in 1978 under Virginia law. In 1980, the Company completed the merger of the Chessie System and Seaboard Coast Line Industries into CSX. The merger allowed the Company to connect northern population centers and Appalachian coal fields to growing southeastern markets. Later, the Company’s acquisition of key portions of Conrail, Inc. ("Conrail") allowed CSXT to link the northeast, including New England and the New York metropolitan area, with Chicago and midwestern markets as well as the growing areas in the Southeast already served by CSXT. This current rail network, which now includes the network acquired from Pan Am, allows the Company to directly serve every major market in the eastern United States with safe, dependable, environmentally responsible and fuel efficient freight transportation and intermodal service. Competition The business environment in which the Company operates is highly competitive. Shippers typically select transportation providers that offer the most compelling combination of service and price. Service requirements, both in terms of transit time and reliability, vary by shipper and commodity. As a result, the Company’s primary competition varies by commodity, geographic location and mode of available transportation and includes other railroads, motor carriers that operate similar routes across its service area and, to a less significant extent, barges, ships and pipelines. CSXT’s primary rail competitor is Norfolk Southern Railway, which operates throughout much of the Company’s territory. Other railroads also operate in parts of the Company’s territory. Depending on the specific market, competing railroads and deregulated motor carriers may exert pressure on price and service levels. For further discussion on the risk of competition to the Company, see Item 1A. Risk Factors. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.5 CSX CORPORATION PART I Regulatory Environment The Company's operations are subject to various federal, state, provincial (Canada) and local laws and regulations generally applicable to businesses operating in the United States and Canada. In the U.S., the railroad operations conducted by the Company's subsidiaries, including CSXT, are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board (“STB”), the Federal Railroad Administration (“FRA”), and its sister agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation ("DOT"), the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”). Together, FRA and PHMSA have broad jurisdiction over railroad operating standards and practices, including track, freight cars, locomotives and hazardous materials requirements. In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) has regulatory authority with respect to matters that impact the Company's properties and operations. The Transportation Security Administration (“TSA”), a component of the Department of Homeland Security, has broad authority over railroad operating practices that may have homeland security implications. In Canada, the railroad operations conducted by the Company’s subsidiaries, including CSXT, are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the Canadian Transportation Agency. Although the Staggers Act of 1980 significantly deregulated the U.S. rail industry, the STB has broad jurisdiction over rail carriers. The STB regulates routes, fuel surcharges, conditions of service, rates for non-exempt traffic, acquisitions of control over rail common carriers and the transfer, extension or abandonment of rail lines, among other railroad activities. Any new rules from the STB regarding, among other things, competitive access or revenue adequacy could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity as well as its ability to invest in enhancing and maintaining vital infrastructure. For further discussion on regulatory risks to the Company, see Item 1A. Risk Factors. Financial Information Information regarding the Company's results of operations and financial position can be found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Other Information CSX makes available on its website www.csx.com, free of charge, its annual reports on Form 10- K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on the CSX website is not part of this annual report on Form 10-K. Additionally, the Company has posted its code of ethics on its website, which is also available to any shareholder who requests it. This Form 10-K and other SEC filings made by CSX are also accessible through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. CSX has included the certifications of its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“the Act”) as Exhibit 31, as well as Section 906 of the Act as Exhibit 32 to this Form 10-K report. For additional information concerning business conducted by the Company during 2023, see Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.6 Item 1A. Risk Factors CSX CORPORATION PART I The risks set forth in the following risk factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the Company's forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that the Company currently does not deem to be material also may materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Regulatory, Legislative and Legal New legislation, regulatory changes or other governmental actions could impact the Company's earnings or restrict its ability to independently negotiate prices. Legislation passed by Congress, new regulations issued by federal agencies, or executive orders issued by the President of the United States could significantly affect the revenues, costs, including income taxes, and profitability of the Company's business. In addition, statutes or regulations that, among other things, impose price constraints or affecting rail-to-rail competition could adversely affect the Company's profitability. Government regulation and compliance risks may adversely affect the Company's operations and financial results. The Company is subject to the jurisdiction of various regulatory agencies, including the STB, FRA, PHMSA, TSA, EPA and other state, provincial, local and federal regulatory agencies for a variety of economic, health, safety, labor, environmental, tax, legal, cybersecurity and other matters. New or modified rules or regulations by these agencies could increase the Company's operating costs, adversely impact revenue or reduce operating efficiencies and affect service performance. Noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations could erode public confidence in the Company and can subject the Company to fines, penalties and other legal or regulatory sanctions. CSXT, as a common carrier by rail, is required by law to transport hazardous materials and could be adversely impacted by non-compliance with applicable regulations or from regulatory and legislative changes. CSXT is required to comply with regulations regarding the handling of hazardous materials and has a legal obligation to transport certain hazardous materials under the common carrier mandate. Applicable rules issued by the TSA place significant security and safety requirements on passenger and freight railroad carriers, rail transit systems and facilities that ship hazardous materials by rail. Noncompliance with these rules can subject the Company to significant penalties and could be a factor in litigation arising out of a train accident. Finally, legislation preventing the transport of hazardous materials through certain cities could result in network congestion and increase the length of haul for hazardous substances, which could increase operating costs, reduce operating efficiency or increase the risk of an accident involving the transport of hazardous materials. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.7 The Company may be subject to various claims and lawsuits that could result in significant expenditures. CSX CORPORATION PART I As part of its railroad and other operations, the Company is subject to various claims and lawsuits related to disputes over commercial practices, labor and unemployment matters, occupational and personal injury claims, property damage or freight damage, environmental and other matters. The Company may experience material judgments or incur significant costs to defend existing and future lawsuits. Although the Company maintains insurance to cover some of these types of claims and establishes reserves when appropriate, final amounts determined to be due on any outstanding matters may exceed recorded reserves. Additionally, the Company could be impacted by adverse developments not currently reflected in the Company's reserve estimates. insurance coverage or differ materially the Company's from the Operational, Safety and Business Disruption An epidemic or pandemic and the initiatives to reduce its transmission could adversely affect the Company's business. The Company could be materially and adversely affected by a public health crisis, including a widespread epidemic or pandemic. During a health crisis, policies and initiatives may be instituted by the public and private sector to reduce transmission, such as closures of businesses and manufacturing facilities, the promotion of social distancing, the adoption of working from home by companies and institutions, and travel restrictions. These policies or initiatives could adversely affect demand for the commodities and products that the Company transports, including import and export volume. In addition, initiatives to reduce transmission could result in supply chain disruptions, which could impact volumes and make it more difficult for the Company to serve its customers. Moreover, operations are negatively affected when a significant number of employees are quarantined as the result of exposure to a contagious illness. To the extent a public health crisis adversely affects the Company's business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described herein. The Company relies on the security, stability and availability of its technology systems to operate its business. The Company relies on information technology in all aspects of its business. The security, stability and availability of the Company’s and its key third-party vendors’ information technology systems are critical to its ability to operate safely and effectively and to compete within the transportation industry. A successful data breach, cyber-attack, or the occurrence of any similar incident that impacts the Company’s or its key third-party vendors’ information technology systems could result in a service interruption, train accident, misappropriation of confidential or proprietary information (including personal information), process failure, or other operational difficulties. A disruption or compromise of the Company’s or its key third-party vendors' information technology systems, even for short periods of time, and any resulting theft or compromise of Company confidential or proprietary information (including personal information), could adversely affect the Company’s business or reputation, create significant legal, regulatory or financial exposure and have a material adverse impact on CSX’s business, financial condition or operations. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.8 CSX CORPORATION PART I The Company, its third-party vendors and other companies in the rail and transportation industries have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, data breaches, cyber-attacks and other similar incidents. These incidents may include, among other things, malware, ransomware, distributed denial of service attacks, social engineering, phishing, theft, malfeasance or improper access by employees or third-party vendors, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, human error, fraud, or other modes of attack or disruption. Attacks of these nature are increasing in frequency, levels of persistence, intensity and sophistication, including by nation-state threat actors or those associated with nation-states. Further, the Company may be at increased risk of experiencing a cyber-attack as a result of being a component of the critical U.S. infrastructure. If such an event takes place, the Company may be required to incur significant expenses in excess of existing cybersecurity insurance coverage. As cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, the Company may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance its protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities, data breaches, cyber-attacks or other similar incidents. The Company or its third-party vendors may also experience cybersecurity incidents as a result of employees, third-party vendors and other third parties with which they interact working remotely on less secure systems and environments. Despite the Company’s efforts to protect its information technology systems, it may not be able to prevent or anticipate all data breaches, cyber-attacks or other similar incidents, detect or react to such incidents in a timely manner or adequately remediate any such incident. Due to applicable laws, rules and regulations or contractual obligations, CSX may be held responsible for data breaches, cyber-attacks or other similar incidents attributed to its third-party vendors as they relate to the information CSX shares with them. Additionally, if CSX is unable to successfully acquire, develop or implement new technology, including artificial intelligence, it may suffer a competitive disadvantage within the rail industry and with companies providing other modes of transportation services. Network or supply chain constraints could have a negative impact on service, operating efficiency or volume of shipments. CSXT could experience rail network difficulties related to: (i) locomotive or crew shortages; (ii) labor shortages or other service disruptions in the supply chain affecting trucking, ports, handling facilities, customer facilities or other railroads; (iii) unpredictable increases in demand; (iv) extreme weather conditions; (v) regulatory changes resulting in forced access or impacting where and how fast CSXT can transport freight or maintain routes; (vi) reductions in availability of pooled equipment, including chassis; (vii) impacts from changes in network capacity or structure; or (viii) increased passenger activities, which could impact CSXT's operational fluidity, leading to deterioration of service, asset utilization and overall efficiency. CSXT, as a common carrier by rail, transports hazardous materials, which could expose the Company to significant costs and claims in the event of a train accident. A train accident involving the transport of hazardous materials could result in significant costs and claims arising from personal injury, property or natural resource damage, environmental penalties and remediation obligations. Such claims, if insured, could exceed existing insurance coverage or insurance may not continue to be available at commercially reasonable rates, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Under federal regulations, CSXT is required to transport certain hazardous materials under the legal duty referred to as the common carrier mandate regardless of risk or potential exposure to loss. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.9 CSX CORPORATION PART I Future acts of terrorism, war or regulatory changes to combat the risk of terrorism may cause significant disruptions in the Company's operations. Terrorist attacks, along with any government response to those attacks, may adversely affect the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. CSXT's rail lines, other key infrastructure and information technology systems may be targets or indirect casualties of acts of terror or war. This risk could cause significant business interruption and result in increased costs and liabilities and decreased revenues. In addition, premiums charged for some or all of the insurance coverage currently maintained by the Company could increase dramatically, or the coverage may no longer be available. Furthermore, in response to the heightened risk of terrorism, federal, state and local governmental bodies are proposing and, in some cases, have adopted legislation and regulations relating to security issues that impact the transportation industry. For example, the Department of Homeland Security adopted regulations that require freight railroads to implement additional security protocols when transporting hazardous materials. Complying with these or future regulations could continue to increase the Company's operating costs and reduce operating efficiencies. Severe weather or other natural occurrences could result in significant business interruptions and expenditures in excess of available insurance coverage. The Company's operations may be affected by external factors such as severe weather and other natural occurrences, including floods, hurricanes, fires and earthquakes. As a result, the Company's rail network may be damaged, its workforce may be unavailable, fuel costs may rise and significant business interruptions could occur. In addition, the performance of locomotives and railcars could be adversely affected by extreme weather conditions. Hurricanes as well as storm and flooding events have impacted the Company's network in the past, leading to interrupted service and damage to track and equipment. Changes in weather patterns caused by climate change are expected to increase the frequency, severity or duration of certain adverse weather conditions. Insurance maintained by the Company to protect against loss of business and other related consequences resulting from these natural occurrences is subject to coverage limitations, depending on the nature of the risk insured. This insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of the Company's damages or damages to others, and this insurance may not continue to be available at commercially reasonable rates. Even with insurance, if any natural occurrence leads to a catastrophic interruption of service, the Company may not be able to restore service without a significant interruption in operations. Competitive, Economic and Financial The Company faces competition from other transportation providers. The Company experiences competition in pricing, service, reliability and other factors from various transportation providers including railroads and motor carriers that operate similar routes across its service area and, to a less significant extent, barges, ships and pipelines. Other transportation providers generally use public rights-of-way that are built and maintained by governmental entities, while CSXT and other railroads must build and maintain rail networks largely using internal resources. Any future improvements or expenditures materially increasing the quality or reducing the cost of alternative modes of transportation such as through the use of automation, autonomy or electrification, or legislation providing for less stringent size or weight restrictions on trucks, could negatively impact the Company's competitive position. Additionally, any future consolidation in the rail industry could materially affect the regulatory and competitive environment in which the Company operates. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.10 CSX CORPORATION PART I Global economic conditions could negatively affect demand for commodities and other freight. A decline or disruption in general domestic and global economic conditions that affects demand for the commodities and products the Company transports, including import and export volume, could reduce revenues or have other adverse effects on the Company's cost structure and profitability. For example, slower rates of economic growth in Asia, contraction of European economies, and changes in the global supply of seaborne coal or price of seaborne coal have adverse impacts on U.S. export coal volume and result in lower coal revenue for CSX. Additionally, embargoes or changes to trade agreements or policies could result in reduced import and export volumes due to increased tariffs and lower consumer demand. If the Company experiences significant declines in demand for its transportation services with respect to one or more commodities and products or continues to experience the impacts of inflation, the Company may experience reduced revenue and increased operating costs, workforce adjustments, and other related activities, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Changing dynamics in the U.S. and global energy markets could negatively impact profitability. Over time, changing dynamics in the U.S. and global energy markets, including the impacts of regulation and alternative fuel sources, have resulted in lower energy production from coal-fired power plants in CSX's service territory. Changes in natural gas prices, or other factors impacting demand for electricity, could impact future power generation at coal-fired plants, which would affect the Company's coal volumes and revenues. Weaknesses in the capital and credit markets could negatively impact the Company’s access to capital. The Company regularly relies on capital markets for the issuance of long-term debt instruments, commercial paper and bank financing from time to time. Instability or disruptions of the capital markets, including credit markets, significant increases in interest rates, or the deterioration of the Company’s financial condition due to internal or external factors, could restrict or prohibit access and could increase financing costs. A significant deterioration of the Company’s financial condition could also reduce credit ratings and could limit or affect its access to external sources of capital and increase the costs of short and long-term debt financing. Availability of Critical Supplies and Labor The unavailability of critical resources could adversely affect the Company’s operational efficiency and ability to meet demand. Marketplace conditions for resources like locomotives as well as the availability of qualified personnel, including engineers and conductors as well as other skilled professional or technical employees, could each have a negative impact on the Company’s ability to meet demand for rail service. Although the Company strives to maintain adequate resources and personnel for the current business environment, unpredictable increases in demand for rail services or extreme weather conditions may exacerbate such risks, which could have a negative impact on the Company’s operational efficiency and otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity in a particular period. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.11 CSX CORPORATION PART I Disruption to a key railroad industry supplier could negatively affect operating efficiency and increase costs. The capital intensive and unique nature of core rail equipment (including rail, ties, freight cars and locomotives) limits the number of railroad equipment suppliers. If any of the current manufacturers stops production or experiences a supply shortage, CSXT could experience a significant cost increase or material shortage. In addition, a few critical railroad suppliers are foreign and, as such, adverse developments in international relations, new trade regulations, disruptions in international shipping or increases in global demand could make procurement of these supplies more difficult or increase CSXT's costs. Additionally, if a fuel supply shortage were to arise, the Company would be negatively impacted. Failure to complete negotiations on collective bargaining agreements could result in strikes and/ or work stoppages. Most of CSX's employees are represented by labor unions and are covered by collective bargaining agreements. These agreements are either bargained for nationally by the National Carriers Conference Committee or locally between CSX and the union. Such agreements are negotiated over the course of several years and previously have not resulted in any extended work stoppages. Under the Railway Labor Act's procedures (which include mediation, cooling-off periods and the possibility of an intervention by the President of the United States), during negotiations neither party may take action until the procedures are exhausted. If, however, CSX is unable to negotiate acceptable agreements, the employees covered by the Railway Labor Act could strike, which could result in loss of business and increased operating costs as a result of higher wages or benefits paid to union members. Climate Change and Environmental The Company’s operations and financial results could be negatively impacted by climate change and regulatory and legislative responses to climate change. There is potential for operational impacts from changing weather patterns or rising sea levels in the Company's operational territory, which could impact the Company's network or other assets. Climate change and other emissions-related laws and regulations have been proposed and, in some cases adopted, on the federal, state, provincial and local levels. These final and proposed laws and regulations take the form of restrictions, caps, taxes or other controls on emissions as well as requirements to disclose information relating to climate change. In particular, the EPA has issued various regulations and may issue additional regulations targeting emissions, including rules and standards governing emissions from certain stationary sources and from vehicles. Any of these pending or proposed laws or regulations, could adversely affect the Company's operations and financial results by, among other things: (i) reducing coal-fired electricity generation due to mandated emission standards; (ii) reducing the consumption of coal as a viable energy resource in the United States and Canada; (iii) increasing the Company's fuel, capital and other operating costs and negatively affecting operating and fuel efficiencies; and (iv) making it difficult for the Company's customers in the U.S. and Canada to produce products in a cost competitive manner. Any of these factors could reduce the amount of shipments the Company handles and have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. In addition, CSX may become subject to legal requirements to disclose climate change related information and may become subject to demands or expectations by its supply chain partners, customers or other stakeholders to disclose information relating to climate risk or set related targets or goals. The Company's current practices with respect to climate risk disclosure may fail to meet these developing legal requirements or stakeholder demands or expectations. In addition, legislative or regulatory uncertainties and change regarding climate-related risks, including inconsistent perspectives or requirements, are likely to result in higher regulatory, compliance, credit, reputational and other risks and costs. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.12 CSX CORPORATION PART I The Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations that may result in significant costs. The Company is subject to wide-ranging federal, state, provincial and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other things, emissions into the air, ground and water; the handling, storage, use, generation, transportation and disposal of waste and other materials; the clean-up of hazardous material and petroleum releases and the health and safety of our employees. If the Company violates or fails to comply with these laws and regulations, CSX could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. The Company can also be held liable for consequences arising out of human exposure to any hazardous substances for which CSX is responsible. In certain circumstances, environmental liability can extend to formerly owned or operated properties, leased properties, adjacent properties and properties owned by third parties or Company predecessors, as well as to properties currently owned, leased or used by the Company. The Company has been, and may in the future be, subject to allegations or findings to the effect that it has violated, or is strictly liable under, environmental laws or regulations, and such violations can result in the Company's incurring fines, penalties or costs relating to the cleanup of environmental contamination. Although the Company believes it has appropriately recorded current and long-term liabilities for known and reasonably estimable future environmental costs, it could incur significant costs that exceed reserves or require unanticipated cash expenditures as a result of any of the foregoing. The Company also may be required to incur significant expenses to investigate and remediate known, unknown or future environmental contamination. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.13 CSX CORPORATION PART I Item 1C. Cybersecurity Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Strong performance and reliability of the Company's technology systems are critical to operating safely and effectively, and protecting personal and customer data is essential to maintaining stakeholder trust. The Company has implemented processes designed to assess, identify, and manage material cybersecurity risks, as described further below. CSX maintains a cybersecurity framework that is integrated across the organization through people, processes and technology to help protect the personal information of its customers, its contractors and its suppliers as well as protect the integrity of its own operations. Cybersecurity is also integrated into the Company’s Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program. The Company equips CSX systems with various cybersecurity tools, conducts vulnerability scans and provides critical cybersecurity information to application users, as appropriate. The Company also takes proactive measures to advise CSX employees of how they can assist the Company in its cybersecurity practices. CSX informs employees on cybersecurity best practices, including how to identify cyber-related suspicious activity, how to report such activity and, as appropriate, proactive measures employees can take to safeguard company information and devices. The Company also provides cybersecurity awareness training to employees and conducts cybersecurity testing exercises to help maintain cybersecurity vigilance. With the assistance of third-party consultants, the Company conducts an annual cybersecurity exercise, which is often a "tabletop" scenario involving a cross-functional group responding to a hypothetical cybersecurity threat. The Company considers its material cybersecurity-related risks, as described in more detail below and at Item 1A. Risk Factors, and applies various frameworks to establish controls that are reasonably designed to identify, protect, detect, respond to, and recover from significant cybersecurity incidents. The Company also tests its cybersecurity program to assess whether enhancements to cybersecurity measures are appropriate, such as additional detection and prevention capabilities. These tests may include the use of internal or third-party external risk assessments, and penetration testing. The Company also conducts periodic cybersecurity assessments, as appropriate, pursuant to its annual risk assessment process. Third party resources may also be used for these assessments. As part of its cybersecurity program, CSX partners with a third-party to provide a managed service that is designed to enable continuous monitoring at its Security Operation Center ("SOC"). The SOC has established processes to identify, address, and remediate cybersecurity threats or vulnerabilities. This includes the engagement, where necessary, of third-party experts, advisors, and other cybersecurity professionals that have been retained by the Company to assist in responding to cybersecurity incidents or threats. Company processes also include various procedures for notifying members of the company's cybersecurity department, Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"), legal department, accounting department, and others as applicable. The Company has processes designed to provide reasonable oversight for the identification of cybersecurity risks associated with certain third-party service providers. As appropriate, the Company requires certain third-party providers to complete a cybersecurity questionnaire, to provide Service Organization Control assessment results, if such results exist, or to agree to contractual language regarding cybersecurity and incident notification obligations in agreements with the company. CSX also has processes that help monitor risks associated with its key third-party vendors’ technology systems, including, where appropriate, performing security assessments of cyber incidents through dashboard alerting for reported events. CSX’s internal cybersecurity processes and disclosure protocols consider cybersecurity incidents involving key applications provided by third-parties. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.14 CSX CORPORATION PART I The Company, its third-party vendors and other companies in the rail and transportation industries have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, data breaches, cyber-attacks and other similar incidents as discussed in more detail in Item 1A. Risk Factors. In light of the numerous cybersecurity risks that CSX faces, it is reasonably likely that any of the related risks, individually or collectively, if significant, could materially affect the Company’s operations, including but not limited to service interruption, train accident or derailment, misappropriation of confidential or proprietary information (including personal information), process failure, or other operational difficulties. Cybersecurity Governance The cybersecurity program and related risks at CSX are managed by the VP Technology and CISO. The Company's CISO is a Certified Information Systems Auditor with over 30 years of industry experience including information security leadership positions at multiple publicly-traded companies. The CISO is notified of cybersecurity events as needed based on the Company’s processes for addressing cybersecurity incidents and threats. The CISO is supported by a team that includes the SOC, which consists of the Deputy Chief Information Security Officer and other cybersecurity professionals as well as a team of third-party contractors. The SOC, with the assistance of outside third-parties as needed, analyzes, evaluates and remediates cybersecurity incidents and provides investigative information to the CISO. Depending on the significance of any specific cybersecurity incident or threat, and/or relation to prior incidents, the CISO will escalate relevant information, as appropriate, and the Company’s legal and accounting groups, with assistance from other company departments and third parties, will assist in assessing potential SEC disclosure obligations. The CISO coordinates disclosure to other agencies, when necessary, including requirements under the Transportation Security Administration directives. More significant cybersecurity incidents or threats may result in notifications to senior leadership and, if necessary, to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors. Additionally, a cybersecurity governance briefing takes place quarterly with leaders from the Company's technology, operations, commercial, legal, and accounting departments to discuss cybersecurity risks, threats, and incidents, including updates from the SOC and an assessment of ways to mitigate and remediate any threats or incidents the Company may be facing. The Company's Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees the Company's cybersecurity risk, mitigation strategies and overall resiliency of the Company’s technology infrastructure. Such risk is managed as part of the Company’s overall risk management and business continuity processes and is included in the ERM program, which is also overseen by the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee periodically reviews assessments of information security controls and procedures, any incidents that could have a potentially significant impact on the company’s network, as well as potential cybersecurity risk disclosures. The Company's senior leadership team briefs the Audit Committee and Board of Directors at least annually on information technology and cybersecurity matters, including more frequent updates as circumstances warrant. Such annual updates include significant findings or updates by internal or external evaluations. The Audit Committee is apprised annually on emerging risks to the Company, including education on cybersecurity-related matters as needed. CSX has a cybersecurity expert on the Board and its Audit Committee to provide expanded oversight of the Company’s cybersecurity and technology systems. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.15 Item 2. Properties CSX CORPORATION PART I The Company’s properties primarily consist of track and its related infrastructure, locomotives, and freight cars and equipment. These categories and the geography of the network are described below. Track and Infrastructure Serving 26 states, the District of Columbia, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, the CSXT rail network serves, among other markets, New York, Philadelphia and Boston in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, the southeast markets of Atlanta, Miami and New Orleans, and the midwestern markets of St. Louis, Columbus and Chicago. CSXT’s track structure includes mainline track, connecting terminals and yards, track within terminals and switching yards, sidings used for passing trains, track connecting CSXT's track to customer locations and turnouts that divert trains from one track to another. Total track miles, which reflect the size of CSXT’s network that connects markets, customers and western railroads, are greater than CSXT’s approximately 20,000 route miles. At December 2023, the breakdown of track miles was as follows: Single Mainline Track Other Mainline Track Terminals and Switching Yards Passing Sidings and Turnouts Total Track Miles 19,671 5,652 9,270 896 35,489 In addition to its physical track structure, the Company operates numerous yards and terminals for rail and intermodal service. These serve as points of connectivity between the Company and its local customers and as sorting facilities where railcars and intermodal containers are received, classed for destination and placed onto outbound trains, or arrive and are delivered to the customer. The Company’s largest yards and terminals based on 2023 volume (number of railcars or intermodal containers processed) are listed below. Yards and Terminals Waycross, GA Bedford Park Intermodal Terminal (Chicago) Nashville, TN Cincinnati, OH Selkirk, NY Avon, IN (Indianapolis) Walbridge, OH (Toledo) Fairburn, GA Intermodal Terminal (Atlanta) Louisville, KY Chicago, IL Annual Volume 930,651 926,845 645,352 644,478 625,308 597,169 378,869 362,767 356,740 307,588 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.16 CSX CORPORATION PART I Network Geography CSXT’s operations are primarily focused on four major transportation networks and corridors that are defined geographically and by commodity flows below. Interstate 90 (I-90) Corridor – This CSXT corridor links Chicago and the Midwest to metropolitan areas in New York and New England. This route, also known as the “waterlevel route,” has minimal hills and grades and nearly all of it has two main tracks (referred to as double track). These engineering attributes permit the corridor to support high-speed service across intermodal, automotive and merchandise commodities. This corridor is a primary route for import traffic coming from the far east through western ports moving eastward across the country, through Chicago and into the population centers in the Northeast. The I-90 Corridor is also a critical link between ports in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and consumption markets in the Midwest. This route carries goods from all three of the Company’s major rail markets – merchandise, intermodal and coal. Interstate 95 (I-95) Corridor – The CSXT I-95 Corridor connects Charleston, Jacksonville, Miami and many other cities throughout the Southeast with the heavily populated mid-Atlantic and northeastern cities of Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York. CSXT primarily transports food and consumer products, as well as metals and chemicals along this line. It is the leading rail corridor along the eastern seaboard south of the District of Columbia and provides access to major eastern ports. Southeastern Corridor – This critical part of the network runs between CSXT’s western gateways of Chicago, St. Louis and Memphis through the cities of Nashville, Birmingham, and Atlanta and markets in the Southeast. The Southeastern Corridor is the premier rail route connecting these key cities, gateways, and markets and positions CSXT to efficiently handle projected traffic volumes of intermodal, automotive and general merchandise traffic. Coal Network – The CSXT coal network connects the coal mining operations in the Appalachian mountain region and Illinois basin with industrial areas in the Southeast, Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, as well as many river, lake, and deep water port facilities. The domestic coal market has declined significantly over the last decade and export coal remains subject to volatility. CSXT’s coal network remains well positioned to supply utility markets in both the Northeast and Southeast and to transport coal shipments for export outside of the U.S. Most of the export coal the Company transports is used for steelmaking, while the majority of domestic coal the Company ships is used for electricity generation. See the following page for a map of the CSX Rail Network. Also included on the map, "CSX Operating Agreement" indicates areas within which CSX can operate through trackage rights beyond the CSX network. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.17 CSX CORPORATION PART I CSX Rail Network CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.18 CSX CORPORATION PART I Locomotives As of December 2023, CSXT owns or long-term leases more than 3,500 locomotives. From time to time, the Company also short-term leases locomotives based on business needs. Freight locomotives are used primarily to pull trains while switching locomotives are used in yards. Auxiliary units are typically used to provide extra traction for heavy trains in hilly terrain. Of owned locomotives, approximately 68% were in active service as of December 31, 2023, and the remainder were in storage to be utilized as needed. Storing locomotives and equipment allows the Company to quickly adjust its active fleet based on demand and other factors while avoiding delays due to supply limitations or excessive lead times to acquire additional equipment. As of December 2023, CSXT’s fleet of owned or long-term leased locomotives consisted of the following types: Freight Switching Auxiliary Units Total Locomotives Equipment Locomotives % Average Age (in Years) 3,160 234 175 3,569 89 % 6 % 5 % 100 % 23 46 30 25 The Company owns or long-term leases rail equipment, including several types of freight cars and intermodal containers. Of total owned and long-term leased equipment, approximately 89% was in active service as of December 31, 2023, and the remainder were in storage to be utilized as needed. As of December 2023, the Company’s owned and long-term leased equipment consisted of the following: Equipment Gondolas Multi-level Flat Cars Open-top Hoppers Covered Hoppers Box Cars Flat Cars Other Cars Subtotal Freight Cars Containers Total Equipment Number of Units 18,978 11,095 6,215 6,088 3,059 575 586 46,596 19,230 65,826 % 41 % 24 % 13 % 13 % 7 % 1 % 1 % 100 % At any time, approximately two-thirds of the railcars on the CSXT system are not owned or leased by the Company. Examples of these include railcars owned by other railroads (which are utilized by CSXT), shipper-furnished or private cars (which are generally used only in that shipper’s service), multi- level railcars used to transport automobiles (which are shared between railroads) and double-stack railcars, or well cars (which are industry pooled), that allow for two intermodal containers to be loaded one above the other. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.19 CSX CORPORATION PART I The Company’s revenue-generating equipment, either owned or long-term leased, primarily consists of freight cars and containers as described below. Gondolas – Support CSXT’s metals markets and provide transport for woodchips and other bulk commodities. Some gondolas are equipped with special hoods for protecting products like coil and sheet steel. Multi-level flat cars – Transport finished automobiles and are differentiated by the number of levels: bi- levels for large vehicles such as pickup trucks and SUVs and tri-levels for sedans and smaller automobiles. Covered hoppers – Have a permanent roof and are segregated based upon commodity density. Lighter bulk commodities such as grain, fertilizer, flour, salt, sugar, clay and lime are shipped in large cars called jumbo covered hoppers. Heavier commodities like cement, ground limestone and industrial sand are shipped in small cube covered hoppers. Open-top hoppers – Transport heavy dry bulk commodities such as coal, coke, stone, sand, ores and gravel that are resistant to weather conditions. Box cars – Include a variety of tonnages, sizes, door configurations and heights to accommodate a including paper, auto parts, appliances and building wide materials. Insulated box cars deliver food products, canned goods, beer and wine. finished products, range of Flat cars – Used for shipping intermodal containers and trailers or bulk and finished goods, such as lumber, pipe, plywood, drywall and pulpwood. Other cars – Primarily slab steel cars. Containers – Weather-proof boxes used for bulk shipment of freight, primarily in intermodal service. Item 3. Legal Proceedings For further details, please refer to Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies of this annual report on Form 10-K. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure Not Applicable CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.20 Executive Officers of the Registrant CSX CORPORATION PART I Executive officers of the Company are elected by the CSX Board of Directors and generally hold office until the next annual election of officers. There are no family relationships or any arrangement or understanding between any officer and any other person pursuant to which such officer was elected. As of the date of this filing, the executive officers’ names, ages and business experience are: Name and Age Business Experience During Past Five Years Joseph R. Hinrichs, 57 President and Chief Executive Officer Hinrichs, a leader with more than 30 years of experience in the global automotive, manufacturing, and energy sectors, was named President and Chief Executive Officer in September 2022. Hinrichs previously worked at Ford Motor Company from 2000 to 2020, most recently serving as President of Ford's global automotive business. In that role, he led the company’s automotive operations, overseeing Ford’s global business units and the Ford and Lincoln brands. He also led Ford’s automotive skill teams, overseeing product development, purchasing, manufacturing, labor affairs, marketing and sales, government affairs, information technology, sustainability, safety and environmental engineering. Other positions he held at Ford include President of Global Operations, President of the Americas, President of Asia Pacific and Africa, Chairman and CEO of Ford China, and Chairman & CEO of Ford Canada. Over the four years prior to joining CSX, Hinrichs also served in multiple advisory and board roles of various companies. Sean R. Pelkey, 44 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Kevin S. Boone, 46 Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer Pelkey was named Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in January 2022. In this role, he guides all of the finance activities for the relations, Company procurement, tax and treasury. Prior to this role, Pelkey held the role of Vice President Finance & Treasury since 2017. including accounting, financial planning, investor Prior to 2017, he has held the positions of AVP Capital Markets and Director Performance Analysis. During his 18 years with CSX, Mr. Pelkey has held a variety of other roles, including financial planning and technology finance. Boone has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer since June 2021. In his current role, he is responsible for developing and implementing the Company's commercial strategy and oversees functions including sales, marketing, customer solutions, real estate and industrial development. Mr. Boone has more than 20 years of experience in finance, accounting, mergers and acquisitions, and transportation performance analysis. He joined CSX in September 2017 as Vice President of Corporate Affairs and Chief Investor Relations Officer and was later named Vice President, Marketing and Strategy leading research and data analysis to advance growth strategies for CSX. In May 2019 he was named Chief Financial Officer. Before joining CSX in 2017, Mr. Boone worked as a Senior Equity Research Analyst at Janus Capital. He also served as a Vice President at Morgan Stanley in equity research and an associate at Merrill Lynch in the mergers and acquisitions group. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.21 CSX CORPORATION PART I Name and Age Business Experience During Past Five Years Michael A. Cory, 61 Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Cory was named Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in September 2023. In this role, he is responsible for transportation, network operations including terminals, mechanical, engineering and labor relations. Mr. Cory is a seasoned railroad executive with approximately 40 years of operations experience, working at the Canadian National Railway Company ("CN") from 1981 to 2019. He served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at CN. He also held positions including Vice President of Network Operations, Senior Vice President of Network Operations, Senior Vice President of the Eastern Region and Senior Vice President for the Western Region during his time at CN. After Mr. Cory's retirement from CN in 2019, he continued to provide transportation consulting services as well as serving as the President of Pacific National, Australia's largest private railroad, in 2021. Stephen Fortune, 54 Executive Vice President and Chief Digital and Technology Officer Fortune was named CSX's Executive Vice President and Chief Digital and Technology Officer in April 2022. In this role, he is responsible for leading the Company's technology strategy development and all aspects of CSX's information technology systems operations, including cybersecurity. Prior to joining CSX with nearly 20 years of information technology experience, he spent 30 years at BP, most recently as Chief Information Officer of the global BP group. Nathan D. Goldman, 66 Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer Goldman has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, and Corporate Secretary of CSX since November 2017. In this role, he directs the Company’s legal affairs, government relations, risk management, public safety, environmental, and audit functions. During his 20 years with the Company, Mr. Goldman has previously served as Vice President of Risk Compliance and General Counsel and has overseen work in compliance, risk management and safety programs. Diana B. Sorfleet, 59 Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer Sorfleet was named Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer in July 2018. In this role, her responsibilities include human resources, people systems and analytics, total rewards, facilities and aviation. During her 12 years with the Company, Ms. Sorfleet has previously served as Chief Human Resources Officer. Prior to joining CSX, she worked in human resources for 20 years. Angela C. Williams, 49 Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer Williams has served as Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of CSX since March 2018. She is responsible for financial and regulatory reporting, freight billing and collections, payroll, accounts payable and various other accounting processes. During her 20 years with the Company, she previously served as Assistant Vice President - Assistant Controller and in other various accounting roles. With more than 25 years of experience, Williams held various accounting and auditing positions prior to joining CSX. Ms. Williams is a Certified Public Accountant in the state of Florida. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.22 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information CSX’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, which is its principal trading market, and is traded over-the-counter and on exchanges nationwide. The official trading symbol is “CSX.” Description of Common and Preferred Stock A total of 5.4 billion shares of common stock are authorized, of which 1,958,427,685 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2023. Each share is entitled to one vote in all matters requiring a vote of shareholders. There are no preemptive rights, which are privileges extended to select shareholders that would allow them to purchase additional shares before other members of the general public in the event of an offering. At January 31, 2024, the latest practicable date that is closest to the filing date, there were 21,547 common stock shareholders of record. The weighted average of common shares outstanding, which was used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, was 2,013 million as of December 31, 2023. (See Note 2, Earnings Per Share.) A total of 25 million shares of preferred stock is authorized, none of which is currently outstanding. The following table sets forth, for the quarters indicated, the dividends declared on CSX common stock. 2023 2022 Quarter 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Year $ $ 0.11 $ 0.10 $ 0.11 $ 0.10 $ 0.11 $ 0.10 $ 0.11 $ 0.10 $ 0.44 0.40 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.23 CSX CORPORATION PART II Stock Performance Graph The cumulative shareholder returns, assuming reinvestment of dividends, on $100 invested at December 31, 2018 are illustrated on the graph below. The Company references the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500 ®”), and the Dow Jones U.S. Transportation Average Index, which provide comparisons to a broad-based market index and other companies in the transportation industry. This performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of CSX Corp. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.24 CSX Purchases of Equity Securities CSX CORPORATION PART II During November 2023, the share repurchase program announced in July 2022 was completed and the Company began repurchasing shares under the $5 billion share repurchase program approved on October 17, 2023. Total repurchase authority remaining as of December 31, 2023 was $4.8 billion. For more information about share repurchases, see Note 2, Earnings Per Share. Share repurchase activity of $581 million for the fourth quarter 2023 was as follows: CSX Purchases of Equity Securities for the Quarter Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs $ 371,411,668 Fourth Quarter Beginning Balance October 1 - October 31, 2023 10,791,515 $ 30.53 10,791,515 41,950,017 November 1 - November 30, 2023 December 1 - December 31, 2023 6,756,749 1,326,238 30.66 33.45 6,756,749 4,834,766,702 1,326,238 4,790,399,073 Ending Balance 18,874,502 $ 30.78 18,874,502 $ 4,790,399,073 Item 6. Reserved CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.25 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations TERMS USED BY CSX When used in this report, unless otherwise indicated by the context, these terms are used to mean the following: Car hire - A charge paid by one railroad for its use of cars belonging to another railroad or car owner. Class I freight railroad - One of the largest line haul freight railroads as determined based on operating revenue; the exact revenue required to be in each class is periodically adjusted for inflation by the Surface Transportation Board. Smaller railroads are classified as Class II or Class III. Common carrier mandate - A federal mandate that requires U.S. railroads to accommodate reasonable requests from shippers to carry any freight, including hazardous materials. Demurrage - A charge assessed by railroads for the use of rail cars by shippers or receivers of freight beyond a specified free time. Department of Transportation ("DOT") - A U.S. government agency with jurisdiction over matters of all modes of transportation. Depreciation study - Conducted by a third-party specialist and analyzed by management, a periodic statistical analysis of fixed asset service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation, and other factors for group assets along with a comparison of similar asset groups at other companies. Double-stack - Stacking containers two-high on specially equipped cars. Economic Profit (CSX Cash Earnings or CCE) - A non-GAAP measure designed to incentivize strategic investments earning more than the required return. Economic Profit is calculated as CSX’s gross cash earnings (after-tax adjusted EBITDA) minus the capital charge (long-term average cost of capital) on gross operating assets. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) - A U.S. government agency that has regulatory authority with respect to environmental law. Federal Railroad Administration ("FRA") - The branch of the DOT that is responsible for developing and enforcing railroad safety regulations, including safety standards for rail infrastructure and equipment. Free cash flow - The calculation of a non-GAAP measure by using net cash provided by operating activities and adjusting for property additions and certain other investing activities. Free cash flow is a measure of cash available for paying dividends, share repurchases and principal reduction on outstanding debt. Group-life depreciation - A type of depreciation in which assets with similar useful lives and characteristics are aggregated into groups. Instead of calculating depreciation for individual assets, depreciation is calculated as a whole for each group. Incidental charges - Charges for switching, demurrage, storage, etc. Intermodal - A flexible way of transporting freight over highway, rail and water without being removed from the original transportation equipment, namely a container or trailer. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.26 CSX CORPORATION PART II Mainline - The main track thoroughfare, exclusive of terminals, yards, sidings and turnouts. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”) - An agency within the DOT that, together with the FRA, has broad jurisdiction over railroad operating standards and practices, including hazardous materials requirements. Positive Train Control ("PTC") - An interoperable train control system designed to prevent train-to-train collisions, over-speed derailments, incursions into established work-zone limits, and train diversions onto another set of tracks. Revenue adequacy - The achievement of a rate of return on investment over time at least equal to the industry cost of investment capital, as measured by the STB. Shipper - A customer shipping freight via rail. Siding - Track adjacent to the mainline used for passing trains. Staggers Act of 1980 - Congressional law that significantly deregulated the rail industry, replacing the regulatory structure in existence since the 1887 Interstate Commerce Act. Where previously rates were controlled by the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Staggers Act allowed railroads to establish their own rates for shipments, enhancing their ability to compete with other modes of transportation. Surface Transportation Board independent governmental adjudicatory body administratively housed within the DOT, responsible for the economic regulation of interstate surface transportation within the United States. ("STB") - An Switching - Putting cars in a specific order, placing cars for loading, retrieving empty cars or adding or removing cars from a train at an intermediate point. Terminal - A facility, typically owned by a railroad, for the handling of freight and for the breaking up, making up, forwarding and servicing of trains. Transportation Security Administration (“TSA”) - A component of the Department of Homeland Security with broad authority over railroad operating practices that may have homeland security implications. TTX Company ("TTX") - A company that provides its owner-railroads with standardized fleets of intermodal, automotive and general use railcars at time and mileage rates. CSX owns about 20 percent of TTX's common stock, and the remainder is owned by the other leading North American railroads and their affiliates. Turnout - A track that diverts trains from one track to another. Yard - A system of tracks, other than main tracks and sidings, used for making up trains, storing cars and other purposes. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.27 CSX CORPORATION PART II 2023 HIGHLIGHTS • Revenue of $14.7 billion decreased $196 million or 1% versus the prior year. • Expenses of $9.1 billion increased $266 million or 3% year over year. • Operating income of $5.6 billion decreased $462 million or 8% year over year. • Operating ratio of 62.1% increased 260 basis points from 59.5%. • Earnings per diluted share of $1.85 decreased $0.10 or 5% year over year. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following section generally discusses the Company's results of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. A discussion regarding results of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, can be found in Part II, Item 7 of CSX's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 15, 2023. 2023 vs. 2022 Results of Operations (Dollars in Millions) Revenue Expense Labor and Fringe Purchased Services and Other Depreciation and Amortization Fuel Equipment and Other Rents Gains on Property Dispositions Total Expense Operating Income Interest Expense Other Income - Net Income Tax Expense Net Earnings Earnings Per Diluted Share Operating Ratio Years Ended 2023 2022 $ Change % Change $ 14,657 $ 14,853 $ (196) (1) % 3,024 2,764 1,611 1,377 354 (34) 9,096 5,561 (809) 139 (1,176) $ 3,715 $ 1.85 62.1 % $ $ 2,861 2,685 1,500 1,626 396 (238) 8,830 6,023 (742) 133 (1,248) 4,166 1.95 59.5 % $ $ (163) (79) (111) 249 42 (204) (266) (462) (67) 6 72 (451) (0.10) (6) (3) (7) 15 11 (86) (3) (8) (9) 5 6 (11) (5) % (260) bps CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.28 CSX CORPORATION PART II Volume and Revenue (Unaudited) Volume (Thousands of Units); Revenue (Dollars in Millions); Revenue Per Unit (Dollars) Volume Revenue Revenue Per Unit 2023 2022 % Change 2023 2022 % Change 2023 2022 % Change 642 468 388 358 284 282 199 641 481 338 337 267 291 203 — % $ 2,599 $ 2,584 1 % $ 4,048 $ 4,031 — % (3) % 1,657 1,664 — % 3,541 3,459 15 % 1,219 1,054 16 % 3,142 3,118 6 % 6 % 733 917 (3) % 1,012 (2) % 516 658 828 996 455 11 % 2,047 1,953 11 % 3,229 3,101 2 % 3,589 3,423 13 % 2,593 2,241 Chemicals Agricultural and Food Products Automotive Minerals Metals and Equipment Forest Products Fertilizers Total Merchandise Intermodal Coal Trucking Other Total 2 % 1 % 5 % 4 % 5 % 16 % 2 % (4) % (6) % — % — % — % 2,621 2,558 2 % 8,653 8,239 5 % 3,301 3,221 2,766 2,963 (7) % 2,060 2,306 (11) % 745 778 755 697 8 % 2,484 2,434 2 % 3,290 3,492 — — — — — % — % 882 578 966 908 (9) % (36) % — — — — 6,142 6,218 (1) % $ 14,657 $ 14,853 (1) % $ 2,386 $ 2,389 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.29 CSX CORPORATION PART II Revenue Total revenue decreased by $196 million in 2023, or 1%, when compared to the previous year primarily due to decreases in other revenue, lower fuel recovery, pricing declines in export coal due to the impact of lower benchmark rates and declines in intermodal volume. These declines were partially offset by pricing and volume gains in merchandise and higher coal volumes. Merchandise Volume Chemicals - Increased shipments of export plastics, waste, and sand were offset by lower shipments of materials used in making plastics. Agricultural and Food Products – Decreased primarily due to lower shipments of ethanol and export grain. Automotive - Increased due to higher North American vehicle production as well as new business wins. Minerals - Increased due to higher shipments of aggregates and cement driven by increased road construction and other infrastructure-related activities. Metals and Equipment - Increased due to higher steel and scrap shipments, as well as stronger equipment shipments. Forest Products – Decreased primarily due to lower shipments of pulpboard, paper, and lumber, partially offset by higher shipments of other building products. Fertilizers - Decreased due to declines in short-haul shipments, which were partially offset by increases in long-haul potash and phosphate shipments. Intermodal Volume Lower volume was due to decreased international shipments driven by high inventory levels and lower imports. Domestic shipments increased due to growth with key customers as well as the prior year impact of supply-side constraints. Coal Volume Export coal increased due to higher shipments of metallurgical and thermal coal. Domestic coal decreased due to lower shipments of coal to northern utility plants. Trucking Revenue Trucking revenue decreased $84 million versus the prior year due to lower fuel and capacity surcharges. Other Revenue Other revenue was $330 million lower, primarily resulting from lower intermodal storage and equipment usage. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.30 CSX CORPORATION PART II Expense In 2023, total expenses increased $266 million, or 3%, compared to prior year. Descriptions of each expense category as well as significant year-over-year changes are described below. Labor and Fringe expenses include employee wages and related payroll taxes, health and welfare costs, pension, other post-retirement benefits and incentive compensation. These expenses increased $163 million due to the following items: • • • • • An increase of $144 million was driven by inflation. An increase of $89 million was due to the impacts of higher headcount and union employee vacation and sick benefits. Incentive compensation costs decreased $34 million primarily due to lower expected payouts as well as the impacts of accelerated expense for eligible employees in the prior year. Prior year amounts included $32 million of out-of-period labor and benefit costs due to the agreement reached with labor unions. Other costs decreased by $4 million due to non-significant items. Purchased Services and Other expenses consist primarily of contracted services to maintain infrastructure and equipment, terminal and pier services, purchased trucking and other transportation, and professional services. This category also includes costs related to materials, travel, casualty claims, environmental remediation, train accidents, property and sales tax, utilities and other items. Total purchased services and other expenses increased $79 million driven by the following: • • • An increase of $101 million was due to higher operating support costs, which were primarily due to inflation and higher repair and maintenance costs. These increases were partially offset by lower volume and reduced congestion in intermodal operations. A decrease of $54 million was due to insurance recoveries in the current year. All other costs increased $32 million as higher technology spending, inflation and other increases were partially offset by lower trucking expenses and other non-significant items. Depreciation expense primarily relates to recognizing the costs of capital assets, such as locomotives, railcars and track structure, over their respective useful lives, which are reviewed periodically as part of depreciation studies. This expense is impacted primarily by the capital expenditures made each year. Depreciation expense increased $111 million primarily due to the impacts of a 2022 equipment depreciation study as well as a larger net asset base. Fuel expense includes locomotive diesel fuel as well as non-locomotive fuel. This expense is largely driven by the market price and locomotive consumption of diesel fuel. Fuel expense decreased $249 million primarily due to a 19% decrease in locomotive fuel prices, partially offset by higher fuel consumption. Equipment and Other Rents expense includes rent paid for freight cars owned by other railroads or private companies, net of rents received by CSXT for use of its equipment. This category of expenses also includes expenses for short-term and long-term leases of locomotives, railcars, containers, tractors and trailers, offices and other rentals. These expenses decreased $42 million primarily due to lower car hire costs from improved car cycle times, partially offset by costs related to higher automotive volume. Gains on Property Dispositions decreased to $34 million in 2023 from $238 million in 2022 primarily due to the inclusion of $144 million of gains in 2022 from the sale of property rights to the Commonwealth of Virginia. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.31 CSX CORPORATION PART II Interest Expense Interest Expense includes interest on long-term debt and related fair value hedges, equipment obligations and finance leases. Interest expense increased $67 million primarily as a result of higher average debt balances and higher effective interest rates. Other Income - Net Other Income - Net includes investment gains, losses, interest income, components of net periodic pension and post-retirement benefit cost and other non-operating activities. Other income increased $6 million primarily due to higher interest income and other non-significant items, partially offset by a decrease in net pension benefit credits. Income Tax Expense Income Tax Expense decreased $72 million primarily due to lower earnings before income taxes, partially offset by prior year favorable state legislative changes. Net Earnings and Earnings per Diluted Share Net Earnings decreased $451 million to $3.7 billion, and earnings per diluted share decreased $0.10 to $1.85, due to the factors mentioned above. Average shares outstanding was lower as a result of share repurchase activity during the year and had a favorable impact on earnings per diluted share. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.32 CSX CORPORATION PART II NON-GAAP MEASURES (Unaudited) CSX reports its financial results in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). CSX also uses certain non-GAAP measures that fall within the meaning of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation G and Regulation S-K Item 10(e), which may provide users of the financial information with additional meaningful comparison to prior reported results. Non-GAAP measures do not have standardized definitions and are not defined by GAAP. Therefore, CSX’s non- GAAP measures are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The presentation of these non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or as superior to the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of non- GAAP measures to corresponding GAAP measures are below. Economic Profit Management believes Economic Profit (CSX Cash Earnings or CCE) provides additional perspective to investors about financial returns generated by the business by representing a profit generated over and above the cost of capital used by the business to generate that profit. Economic Profit is designed to incentivize strategic investments that earn more than the required return. Increases in Economic Profit indicate that the Company is effectively allocating capital and rewarding shareholders by generating growth in excess of the incremental cost of capital associated with reinvestment in the business. This measure should be considered in addition to, rather than a substitute for, net income. This measure is defined by the Company as gross cash earnings minus the capital charge on gross operating assets. Gross cash earnings is calculated as Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), less an assumed 15% cash tax. The capital charge uses a long-term average cost of capital of 8% multiplied by the gross operating assets. CSX's gross operating assets include gross properties and other non-cash assets, net of non-interest bearing liabilities. The following table reconciles net income (GAAP measure) to Economic Profit (non-GAAP measure). (Dollars in Millions) Net Income Add: Income Tax Expense Remove: Other Income - Net Add: Interest Expense Add: Depreciation, Amortization, and Operating Lease Expense Remove: Unusual Items (a) Adjusted EBITDA 15% Assumed Cash Tax Gross Cash Earnings Current Assets (Less Cash and Short-term Investments) Gross Properties Other Assets Non-Interest Bearing Liabilities Gross Operating Assets (b) 8% Capital Charge Economic Profit (Non-GAAP) Years Ended 2023 2022 $ $ 3,715 $ 1,176 (139) 809 1,720 — 7,281 (1,092) 6,189 (1,908) (49,212) (3,896) 10,873 (44,143) (3,531) 2,658 $ 4,166 1,248 (133) 742 1,609 (144) 7,488 (1,123) 6,365 (1,843) (47,471) (3,862) 10,640 (42,536) (3,403) 2,962 (a) Unusual items are defined by management as unique events with greater than $100 million full year operating income impact, consistent with the terms of the Company's long-term incentive plan agreements. Gains from the Virginia transaction of $144 million were excluded for 2022. (b) Gross operating assets reflects an average of reported balance sheet figures. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.33 CSX CORPORATION PART II Free Cash Flow Management believes free cash flow is useful to investors as it is important in evaluating the Company’s financial performance. More specifically, free cash flow measures cash generated by the business after reinvestment. This measure represents cash available for both equity and bond investors to be used for dividends, share repurchases or principal reduction on outstanding debt. Free cash flow is calculated by using net cash from operations and adjusting for property additions and proceeds from property dispositions. This measure should be considered in addition to, rather than a substitute for, cash provided by operating activities. Free cash flow before dividends decreased $412 million year-over-year to $3.3 billion primarily due to lower proceeds and advances from property dispositions, mostly attributable to the sale of property rights to the Commonwealth of Virginia in the prior year, as well as higher property additions and less cash from operating activities. Cash from operating activities includes lower cash-generating net earnings and the impact of $168 million of higher payments for retroactive wages and bonuses, and associated taxes, related to finalized labor agreements as well as the offsetting impact of $381 million of postponed federal estimated tax payments, which were extended until first quarter 2024 under an Internal Revenue Service tax relief announcement for those impacted by Hurricane Idalia. The following table reconciles cash provided by operating activities (GAAP measure) to free cash flow (non-GAAP measure). (Dollars in Millions) Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities Property Additions Proceeds and Advances from Property Dispositions Free Cash Flow, before Dividends (Non-GAAP) Years Ended 2023 2022 $ $ 5,549 $ (2,281) 52 3,320 $ 5,619 (2,133) 246 3,732 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.34 CSX CORPORATION PART II OPERATING STATISTICS (Estimated) Certain operating statistics are estimated and can continue to be updated as actuals settle. The methodology for calculating train velocity, dwell, cars online and trip plan performance differs from that used by the Surface Transportation Board. The Company will continue to report these metrics to the Surface Transportation Board using the prescribed methodology. Fiscal Years 2023 2022 Improvement/ (Deterioration) Operations Performance (a) Train Velocity (Miles per hour) Dwell (Hours) Cars Online On-Time Originations On-Time Arrivals Carload Trip Plan Performance Intermodal Trip Plan Performance Fuel Efficiency Revenue Ton-Miles (Billions) Merchandise Coal Intermodal Total Revenue Ton-Miles Total Gross Ton-Miles (Billions) Safety (b) FRA Personal Injury Frequency Index FRA Train Accident Rate 18.0 9.4 16.1 11.3 125,580 138,074 77 % 71 % 84 % 95 % 60 % 52 % 64 % 90 % 1.02 0.99 128.0 37.4 28.3 193.7 381.3 0.89 3.32 126.0 33.8 30.0 189.8 375.5 1.01 3.37 12 % 17 % 9 % 28 % 37 % 31 % 6 % (3) % 2 % 11 % (6) % 2 % 2 % 12 % 1 % (a) Beginning second quarter 2023, all operations performance metrics include results from the network acquired from Pan Am. The impact of including Pan Am data was insignificant. (b) Safety metrics do not include results from the network acquired from Pan Am. These metrics will be updated to include the Pan Am network results as integration completes. Key Performance Measures Definitions: Train Velocity - Average train speed between origin and destination in miles per hour (does not include locals, yard jobs, work trains or passenger trains). Train velocity measures actual train miles and times of a train movement on CSX's network. Dwell - Average amount of time in hours between car arrival to and departure from the yard. Cars Online - Average number of active freight rail cars on lines operated by CSX, excluding rail cars that are being repaired, in storage, those that have been sold, or private cars dwelling at a customer location more than one day. On-Time Originations - Percent of scheduled road trains that depart the origin yard on-time or ahead of schedule. On-Time Arrivals - Percent of scheduled road trains that arrive at the destination yard on-time to within two hours of scheduled arrival. Carload Trip Plan Performance - Percent of measured cars (excludes unit trains and other non-scheduled service as well as empty automotive shipments) destined for a customer that complete their scheduled plan at or ahead of the original estimated time of arrival or interchange (as applicable). Intermodal Trip Plan Performance - Percent of measured containers (excludes port shipments along with empty containers and other non- scheduled service) destined for a customer that complete their scheduled plan at or ahead of the original estimated time of arrival, notification or interchange (as applicable). Fuel Efficiency - Gallons of locomotive fuel per 1,000 gross ton-miles. Revenue Ton-Miles (RTM's) - The movement of one revenue-producing ton of freight over a distance of one mile. Gross Ton-Miles (GTM's) - The movement of one ton of train weight over one mile. GTM's are calculated by multiplying total train weight by distance the train moved. Total train weight is comprised of the weight of the freight cars and their contents. FRA Personal Injury Frequency Index - Number of FRA-reportable injuries per 200,000 man-hours. FRA Train Accident Rate - Number of FRA-reportable train accidents per million train-miles. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.35 CSX CORPORATION PART II The Company is committed to continuous improvement in safety and service performance through training, innovation and investment. Training and safety programs are designed to prevent incidents that can adversely impact employees, customers and communities. Technological innovations that can detect and avoid many types of human factor incidents are designed to serve as an additional layer of protection for the Company's employees. Continued capital investment in the Company's assets, including track, bridges, signals, equipment and detection technology also supports safety performance. The Company remains focused on safety, service, and controlling costs. Velocity and dwell improved 12% and 17%, respectively, relative to 2022. Carload trip plan performance improved to 84% compared to 64% while intermodal trip plan performance improved to 95% compared to 90%, relative to 2022. CSX has seen an improvement in service metrics throughout 2023. From a safety perspective, the FRA personal injury index improved by 12% and the train-accident rate improved by 1% compared to prior year. Safety is a guiding principle at CSX and the Company remains focused on its strong safety culture, including instilling the importance of safety in new hires. CSX is committed to reducing risk and enhancing the overall safety of its employees, customers and communities in which the Company operates. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Liquidity is a company’s ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet both current and future needs for obligations as they mature and to provide for planned capital expenditures, including those to address regulatory and legislative requirements. To have a complete picture of a company’s liquidity, its sources and uses of cash, balance sheet and external factors should be reviewed. Significant Cash Flows The following charts highlight the operating, investing and financing components of the change in cash and cash equivalents for operating, investing and financing activities for full years 2023 and 2022. In 2023, the Company generated $5.5 billion of cash from operating activities, which was $70 million less than prior year primarily driven by lower cash-generating net earnings and $168 million higher payments for retroactive wages and bonuses, including the associated taxes, related to finalized labor agreements. This decrease was partially offset by the impact of $381 million of postponed federal estimated tax payments mentioned above. Net cash used in investing activities was $2.3 billion, an increase in net spend of $156 million from the prior year primarily due to lower proceeds from property dispositions and higher property additions, partially offset by decreased acquisition spending. Cash used in financing activities was $3.9 billion, which represents an increase in net spend of $98 million from the prior year primarily due to lower proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, partially offset by lower share repurchases. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.36 OPERATING CASH FLOWS (in millions) $5,549$5,61920232022INVESTING CASH FLOWS(in millions) $(2,287)$(2,131)20232022FINANCING CASH FLOWS(in millions) $(3,867)$(3,769)20232022CSX CORPORATION PART II Sources of Cash and Liquidity The Company has multiple sources of liquidity, including cash generated from operations and financing sources. The Company filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC on February 16, 2022, which may be used to issue debt or equity securities at CSX’s discretion, subject to market conditions and CSX Board authorization. While CSX seeks to give itself flexibility with respect to cash requirements, there can be no assurance that market conditions would permit CSX to sell such securities on acceptable terms at any given time, or at all. In 2023, CSX issued $600 million of long-term debt. See Note 10, Debt and Credit Agreements for more information. CSX has access to a $1.2 billion five-year unsecured revolving credit facility backed by a diverse syndicate of banks that expires in February 2028. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no outstanding balances under this facility. The Company also has a commercial paper program, backed by the revolving credit facility, under which the Company may issue unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion outstanding at any one time. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no outstanding debt under the commercial paper program. Uses of Cash CSX uses current cash balances for general corporate purposes, which may include capital expenditures, working capital requirements, reduction or refinancing of outstanding indebtedness, redemptions and repurchases of CSX common stock, dividends to shareholders, acquisitions and other business opportunities, and contributions to the Company's qualified pension plan. In 2023, CSX continued to invest in its business to create long-term value for shareholders. The Company is committed to maintaining and improving its existing infrastructure and to positioning itself for long-term, profitable growth through optimizing network and terminal capacity. Funds used for property additions are further described below. Capital Expenditures (Dollars in Millions) Track Bridges, Signals and Other Total Infrastructure Strategic Projects and Commercial Facilities Freight Cars Locomotives Regulatory (including PTC) Total Capital Expenditures Years Ended 2023 2022 $ 1,007 $ 693 1,700 304 136 117 24 $ 2,281 $ 1,000 673 1,673 251 75 104 30 2,133 Planned capital investments for 2024 are expected to be approximately $2.5 billion. Spending to sustain core infrastructure with a focus on safety and reliability will be a top priority. In addition, management is committed to investments that promote profitable growth, including projects supporting service enhancements and productivity initiatives, including investments in locomotives and freight cars. CSX intends to fund capital investments primarily through cash generated from operations. CSX is continually evaluating market and regulatory conditions that could affect the Company’s ability to generate sufficient returns on capital investments. CSX may revise its future estimates for capital spending as a result of changes in business conditions, tax legislation or the enactment of new laws or regulations, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial performance in the future (see Risk Factors under Item 1A of this Form 10-K). CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.37 CSX CORPORATION PART II CSX is committed to returning cash to shareholders. Capital structure, capital investments and cash distributions, including dividends and share repurchases, are reviewed at least annually by the Board of Directors. On February 14, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a 9% increase in the quarterly cash dividend to $0.12 per common share effective March 2024. Management's assessment of market conditions and other factors guides the timing and volume of repurchases. Future share repurchases are expected to be funded by cash on hand, cash generated from operations and debt issuances. Material Changes in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Working Capital CSX's balance sheet reflects its strong capital base and the impact of CSX's balanced approach in deploying capital for the benefit of its shareholders, which includes investments in infrastructure, dividend payments and share repurchases. Further, CSX is well positioned from a liquidity standpoint. The Company ended the year with $1.4 billion of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Total assets as well as total liabilities and shareholders' equity increased $496 million from prior year end. The increase in total assets was primarily due to a $693 million increase in net properties consistent with planned capital expenditures, a $113 million increase in net pension assets for qualified pension plans, a $105 million increase in materials and supplies and a $105 million increase in investments in affiliates and other companies. These increases were partially offset by a $605 million decrease in cash as noted above. Total liabilities increased $988 million from prior year end primarily due to the issuance of $600 million in long-term debt, a $414 million increase in income and other taxes payable largely related to postponed federal estimated tax payments, a $177 million increase in deferred income taxes and a $107 million increase in accounts payable. These increases were partially offset by payouts of accrued retroactive wages and bonuses totaling $238 million and debt repayments of $153 million. Total shareholders' equity decreased $492 million from prior year end primarily driven by share repurchases of $3.5 billion and dividends paid of $882 million, partially offset by net earnings of $3.7 billion. Working capital is considered a measure of a company’s ability to meet its short-term needs. CSX had a working capital surplus of $160 million at December 2023 and $1.4 billion at December 2022. This decrease of $1.2 billion since year end is primarily due to cash paid for share repurchases of $3.5 billion, property additions of $2.3 billion and dividend payments of $882 million, as well as a $558 million of long- term debt maturing in 2024. These decreases were partially offset by cash earned from operations of $5.5 billion and $600 million in cash received from debt issued. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.38 CSX CORPORATION PART II The Company’s working capital balance varies due to factors such as the timing of scheduled debt payments and changes in cash and cash equivalent balances. Although the Company currently has a surplus, a working capital deficit is not unusual for CSX or other companies in the industry and does not indicate a lack of liquidity. The Company continues to maintain adequate current assets to satisfy current liabilities and maturing obligations when they come due. Furthermore, CSX has sufficient financial capacity, including its revolving credit facility, commercial paper program and shelf registration statement to manage its day-to-day cash requirements and any anticipated obligations. The Company from time to time accesses the credit markets for additional liquidity. Completed Transactions Acquisition of Pan Am Systems, Inc. On June 1, 2022, CSX completed its acquisition of Pan Am. The closing price of $600 million was funded through a combination of common stock valued at $422 million and cash totaling $178 million. Total cash consideration paid to acquire the business includes a $30 million deposit paid in fourth quarter 2020. For further details, refer to Note 17, Business Combinations. Acquisition of Quality Carriers, Inc. On July 1, 2021, CSX acquired Quality Carriers, Inc. for a purchase price of $544 million in cash. This transaction was funded by cash on hand. For further details, refer to Note 17, Business Combinations. Sale of Property Rights to the Commonwealth of Virginia On March 26, 2021, the Company entered into a comprehensive agreement to sell certain property rights in three CSX-owned line segments to the Commonwealth of Virginia (“Commonwealth”) over three phases. Over the course of the transaction, which was completed in 2022, total proceeds of $525 million were collected and total gains of $493 million were recognized. This includes $125 million of proceeds collected and $144 million of gains recognized in 2022. For further details, refer to Note 6, Properties. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.39 CSX CORPORATION PART II Credit Ratings Credit ratings reflect an independent agency’s judgment on the likelihood that a borrower will repay a debt obligation at maturity. The ratings reflect many considerations, such as the nature of the borrower’s industry and its competitive position, the size of the company, its liquidity and access to capital and the sensitivity of a company’s cash flows to changes in the economy. The two largest rating agencies, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), use alphanumeric codes to designate their ratings. The highest quality rating for long-term credit obligations is AAA and Aaa for S&P and Moody’s, respectively. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. The cost and availability of unsecured financing are materially affected by CSX's long-term credit ratings. CSX's credit ratings improved during 2023 following an upgrade by Moody's from a long-term rating Baa1 (Stable) as of December 2022 to A3 (Stable) as of December 2023. S&P's long-term rating for CSX remains consistent at BBB+ (Stable) for both December 2022 and December 2023. Ratings of BBB- and Baa3 or better by S&P and Moody’s, respectively, reflect ratings on debt obligations that fall within a band of credit quality considered to be investment grade. If CSX's credit ratings were to decline to below investment-grade levels, the Company could experience significant increases in its interest cost for new debt. In addition, a decline in CSX’s credit ratings to below investment grade levels could adversely affect the market’s demand, and thus the Company’s ability to readily issue new debt. The Company is committed to maintaining an investment-grade credit profile. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.40 CSX CORPORATION PART II CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, OTHER COMMITMENTS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS Contractual Obligations CSX is party to contractual arrangements that obligate the Company to make future cash payments. These obligations impact the Company’s liquidity and capital resource needs. The Company’s contractual obligations primarily consist of long-term debt and related interest payments, purchase commitments, leases, other-post employment benefits and agreements with Conrail. • As of December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding fixed-rate notes with varying maturities. See Note 10, Debt and Credit Agreements, for additional information related to future debt payments. Future interest payments associated with outstanding debt total $14.3 billion, with $804 million payable in 2024. • Purchase commitments consist of CSX’s long-term locomotive maintenance program and other commitments to purchase technology, communications, railcar maintenance and other services. See Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information about future payments related to purchase commitments. • Capital expenditures include investments related to public-private partnerships. These partnership investments are typically for projects that are partially or wholly reimbursed to CSX through government awards or other funding sources. Project contribution commitments that are not reimbursable total $55 million as of December 31, 2023. • The Company’s leases include property, equipment, and line leases. See Note 7, Leases, for additional information about future payments related to leases. • Other post-employment benefits include estimated other post-retirement medical and life insurance payments and payments under non-qualified pension plans that are unfunded. See Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans, for additional information about future payments under such plans. • Conrail owns rail infrastructure and operates for the joint benefit of CSX and Norfolk Southern Corporation ("NS"). This is known as the shared asset area. Conrail charges fees for right-of-way usage, equipment rentals and transportation, switching and terminal service charges in the shared asset area. See Note 15, Investment in Affiliates and Related-Party Transactions, for additional information about future payments related to agreements with Conrail. Other Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Other commitments total $187 million and primarily consist of guarantees, letters of credit and surety bonds, none of which are individually significant. These off-balance sheet arrangements are not reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. LABOR AGREEMENTS Approximately 17,700 of the Company's approximately 23,000 employees are members of a rail labor union. As of December 2, 2022, all 12 rail unions at CSX that participated in national bargaining were covered by national agreements with the Class I railroads and CSX-specific agreements that will remain in effect through December 31, 2024. Collective agreements under the Railway Labor Act do not expire, but continue until amended, and formal notices to amend these agreements may be served as early as November 1, 2024. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.41 CSX CORPORATION PART II CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires that management make estimates in reporting the amounts of certain assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and certain revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. These estimates and assumptions are discussed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors on a regular basis. Significant estimates using management judgment are made for the following areas: • • • personal injury and environmental reserves; pension plan accounting; and depreciation policies for assets under the group-life method Personal Injury and Environmental Reserves Personal Injury Personal Injury reserves of $128 million and $126 million for 2023 and 2022, respectively, represent liabilities for employee work-related and third-party injuries. CSXT retains an independent actuary to assist management in assessing the value of personal injury claims. The methodology used by the actuary includes a development factor to reflect growth or reduction in the value of these personal injury claims. It is based largely on CSXT's historical claims and settlement experience. Actual results may vary from estimates due to the number, type and severity of the injury, costs of medical treatments and uncertainties in litigation. For additional details, including a description of our related accounting policies, see Note 5, Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves, in the consolidated financial statements. Environmental Environmental reserves were $154 million and $161 million for 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company is a party to various proceedings related to environmental issues, including administrative and judicial proceedings involving private parties and regulatory agencies. The Company has been identified as a potentially responsible party at approximately 230 environmentally impaired sites. The Company reviews its potential liability with respect to each site identified, giving consideration to a number of factors such as: • • type of clean-up required; nature of the Company’s alleged connection to the location (e.g., generator of waste sent to the site or owner or operator of the site); extent of the Company’s alleged connection (e.g., volume of waste sent to the location and other relevant factors); and number, connection and financial viability of other named and unnamed potentially responsible parties at the location. • • Conditions that are currently unknown could, at any given location, result in additional exposure, the amount and materiality of which cannot presently be reasonably estimated. For additional details, including a description of our related accounting policies, see Note 5, Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves, in the consolidated financial statements. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.42 CSX CORPORATION PART II Critical Accounting Estimates, continued Pension Plan Accounting The Company sponsors defined benefit pension plans principally for salaried, management personnel. For employees hired prior to 2003, the plans provide eligible employees with retirement benefits based predominantly on years of service and compensation rates near retirement. For employees hired between 2003 and 2019, benefits are determined based on a cash balance formula, which provides benefits by utilizing interest and pay credits based upon age, service and compensation. Beginning in 2020, the CSX Pension Plan was closed to new participants. As of December 2023, the projected benefit obligation for the Company’s pension plans was $2.3 billion. For information related to the funded status of the Company's pension plans, see Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans. The accounting for these plans is subject to the guidance provided in the Compensation- Retirement Benefits Topic in the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). This rule requires that management make certain assumptions relating to the following: • • • discount rates used to measure future obligations and interest expense; long-term rate of return on plan assets; and other assumptions. The Company engages independent actuaries to compute the amounts of liabilities and expenses relating to these plans subject to the assumptions that the Company determines are appropriate based on historical trends, current market rates and future projections. These amounts are reviewed by management. Critical Accounting Estimates, continued Discount Rates Discount rates affect the amount of liability recorded and the service and interest cost components of pension expense. Discount rates reflect the rates at which pension benefits could be effectively settled, or in other words, how much it would cost the Company to buy enough high quality bonds to generate cash flow equal to the Company's expected future benefit payments. The Company determines the discount rate based on the market yield as of year-end for high quality corporate bonds whose maturities match the plans' expected benefit payments. The Company measures the service and interest cost components of the net pension benefits expense by using individual spot rates matched with separate cash flows for each future year. Under the spot rate approach, individual spot discount rates along the same high quality corporate bonds yield curve used to measure the pension benefit liabilities are applied to the relevant projected cash flows at the relevant maturity. The weighted average discount rate used by the Company to value its pension obligations was 4.82% and 5.02% as of December 2023, and December 2022, respectively. As of December 2023, the estimated duration of pension benefits is approximately 9 years. Each year, the discount rate is reevaluated and adjusted using the current market interest rates for high quality corporate bonds to reflect the best estimate of the current effective settlement rates. In general, if interest rates decline or rise, the assumed discount rate will change. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.43 CSX CORPORATION PART II Critical Accounting Estimates, continued Long-term Rate of Return on Plan Assets The expected long-term average rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. In estimating that rate, the Company gives appropriate consideration to the returns being earned by the plan assets in the funds and the rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment as well as the current and projected asset mix of the funds. Management, with the assistance of an outsourced investment manager, balances market expectations obtained from various investment managers with both market and actual plan historical returns to develop a reasonable estimate of the expected long-term rate of return on assets. As this assumption is long term, the annual review may result in less frequent adjustment than other assumptions used in pension accounting. The long-term rate of return on plan assets used by the Company to value its benefit cost for the subsequent plan year was 6.75% in both 2023 and 2022. Other Assumptions The calculations made by the actuaries also include assumptions relating to mortality rates, turnover, retirement age and salary inflation rates. These assumptions are based upon historical data, recent plan experience and industry trends and are determined by management. 2024 Estimated Pension Expense Net periodic pension benefit expense for 2024 is expected to be a credit of $22 million. Net periodic pension benefit expense for 2024 is expected to include service cost expense of $23 million. Service cost expense is included in labor and fringe on the consolidated income statement and all other components of net pension expense are included in other income - net. Net periodic pension expense in 2023 was a credit of $1 million. The net increase in the expected credit is primarily due to impacts from recent favorable pension asset experience. The following sensitivity analysis illustrates the effects of a 1% change in certain assumptions on the 2024 estimated pension expense: (Dollars in Millions) Discount Rate Long-term Rate of Return Pension Expense 12 $ 25 $ CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.44 Critical Accounting Estimates, continued CSX CORPORATION PART II Depreciation Policies for Assets Utilizing the Group-Life Method The depreciable assets of the Company are depreciated using either the group-life or straight-line method of accounting, which are both acceptable depreciation methods in accordance with GAAP. The Company depreciates its railroad assets, including main-line track, locomotives and freight cars, using the group-life method of accounting. Assets depreciated under the group-life method comprise 84% of total fixed assets of $50.3 billion on a gross basis at December 31, 2023. The remaining depreciable assets of the Company, including non-railroad assets and assets under finance leases, are depreciated using the straight-line method on a per asset basis. Land is not depreciated. Management performs a review of depreciation expense and useful lives on a regular basis. Under the group-life method, the service lives and salvage values for each group of assets are determined by completing periodic depreciation studies and applying management’s methods to determine the service lives of its properties. There are several factors taken into account during the depreciation study and they include: • • • • statistical analysis of historical life and salvage data for each group of property; statistical analysis of historical retirements for each group of property; evaluation of current operations; evaluation of technological advances and maintenance schedules; previous assessment of the condition of the assets; • • management's outlook on the future use of certain asset groups; • • expected net salvage to be received upon retirement; and comparison of assets to the same asset groups with other companies. The STB requires depreciation studies be performed every three years for equipment assets (e.g., locomotives and freight cars) and every six years for road and track assets (e.g., bridges, signals, rail, ties, and ballast). The Company completed a depreciation study for its road and track assets in 2020 and for equipment assets in 2022, both of which resulted in changes to accumulated depreciation, service lives, salvage values, and other related factors for certain assets. The 2022 equipment study resulted in an increase in annual depreciation expense of approximately $80 million primarily due to deferred losses on assets depreciated using the group-life method. A depreciation study was not performed in 2023. A 1% change in the average estimated useful life of all group-life assets would result in an approximate $13 million change to the Company’s annual depreciation expense. There were no significant changes to the Company's asset lives as a result of the 2022 and 2020 studies. For additional details, including a more detailed description of our related accounting policies, see Note 6, Properties, in the consolidated financial statements. New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Policy See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies under the caption “New Accounting Pronouncements.” CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.45 CSX CORPORATION PART II FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain statements in this report and in other materials filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made by the Company, are forward-looking statements. The Company intends for all such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act may contain, among others, statements regarding: • projections and estimates of earnings, revenues, margins, volumes, rates, cost-savings, expenses, taxes or other financial items; • expectations as to results of operations and operational initiatives; • expectations as to the effect of claims, lawsuits, environmental costs, commitments, contingent liabilities, labor negotiations or agreements on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity; • management's plans, strategies and objectives for future operations, capital expenditures, workforce levels, dividends, share repurchases, safety and service performance, proposed new services and other matters that are not historical facts, and management's expectations as to future performance and operations and the time by which objectives will be achieved; and • future economic, industry or market conditions or performance and their effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as "will," "should," “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “estimate,” “preliminary” and similar expressions. The Company cautions against placing undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect its good faith beliefs with respect to future events and are based on information currently available to it as of the date the forward-looking statement is made. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the timing when, or by which, such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and actual performance or results could differ materially from those anticipated by any forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement. If the Company does update any forward-looking statement, no inference should be drawn that the Company will make additional updates with respect to that statement or any other forward-looking statements. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors and elsewhere in this report, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statements: • legislative, regulatory or legal developments involving transportation, including rail or intermodal transportation, the environment, hazardous materials, taxation, international trade and initiatives to further regulate the rail industry; • the outcome of litigation, claims and other contingent liabilities, including, but not limited to, those related to fuel surcharge, environmental matters, taxes, shipper and rate claims subject to adjudication, personal injuries and occupational illnesses; • changes in domestic or international economic, political or business conditions, including those affecting the transportation industry (such as the impact of industry competition, conditions, performance and consolidation, as well as the impact of international trade agreements and tariffs) and the level of demand for products carried by CSXT; CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.46 CSX CORPORATION PART II • natural events such as severe weather conditions, including floods, fire, hurricanes and earthquakes, a pandemic crisis affecting the health of the Company's employees, its shippers or the consumers of goods, or other unforeseen disruptions of the Company's operations, systems, property, equipment or supply chain; • competition from other modes of freight transportation, such as trucking, and competition and consolidation or financial distress within the transportation industry generally; • the cost of compliance with laws and regulations that differ from expectations as well as costs, penalties and operational and liquidity impacts associated with noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations; • the impact of increased passenger activities in capacity-constrained areas, including potential effects of high speed rail initiatives, or regulatory changes affecting when CSXT can transport freight or service routes; • unanticipated conditions in the financial markets that may affect timely access to capital markets and the cost of capital, as well as management's decisions regarding share repurchases; • changes in fuel prices, surcharges for fuel and the availability of fuel; • the impact of natural gas prices on coal-fired electricity generation; • the impact of global supply and price of seaborne coal on CSX's export coal market; • availability of insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates or insufficient insurance coverage to cover claims or damages; • the inherent business risks associated with safety and security, including the transportation of hazardous materials or a cybersecurity attack which would threaten the availability and reliability of information technology; • adverse economic or operational effects from actual or threatened war or terrorist activities and any governmental response; • loss of key personnel or the inability to hire and retain qualified employees; • labor and benefit costs and labor difficulties, including stoppages affecting either the Company's operations or customers' ability to deliver goods to the Company for shipment; • the Company's success in implementing its strategic, financial and operational initiatives, including acquisitions; • the impact of conditions in the real estate market on the Company's ability to sell assets; • changes in operating conditions and costs, including the impacts of inflation, or commodity concentrations; • the impacts of a public health crisis and any policies or initiatives instituted in response; and • the inherent uncertainty associated with projecting economic and business conditions. Other important assumptions and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are specified elsewhere in this report and in CSX's other SEC reports, which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov and the Company's website at www.csx.com. The information on the CSX website is not part of this annual report on Form 10-K. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.47 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk CSX CORPORATION PART II Changes in interest rates may impact the cost of future long-term debt issued by the Company, and as a result, represent interest rate risk to the Company. In an effort to manage this risk, CSX may use certain financial instruments such as interest rate forward contracts. The following information, together with information included in Note 10, Debt and Credit Agreements, and Note 13, Fair Value Measurements, describes the key aspects of such contracts and the related market risk to CSX. Changes in interest rates could impact the fair value of the Company's forward starting interest rate swaps. In 2020, the Company executed two forward starting interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value of $500 million. These swaps were effected to hedge the benchmark interest rate associated with future interest payments related to the anticipated refinancing of notes due in 2027. In 2022, CSX settled a portion equal to $160 million notional value of the cash flow hedges. In 2023, CSX executed two partial settlements equal to $226 million notional value of the cash flow hedges. As of December 31, 2023, these cash flow hedges had an aggregate notional value of $114 million and an asset value of $48 million. As of December 31, 2023, the potential change in fair value of forward starting interest rate swaps resulting from a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not be material. Changes in interest rates could impact the fair value of the Company's fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps. In 2023, CSX entered into two separate fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps classified as fair value hedges. The swaps are designed to hedge 10 years of interest rate risk associated with market fluctuations attributable to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") on a cumulative $250 million of fixed rate outstanding notes which are due in 2033. As of December 31, 2023, the cumulative fair value of these swaps was a $19 million asset. In 2022, CSX entered into five separate fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps classified as fair value hedges. The swaps are designed to hedge 10 years of interest rate risk associated with market fluctuations attributable to SOFR on a cumulative $800 million of fixed rate outstanding notes, which are due between 2036 and 2040. As of December 31, 2023, the cumulative fair value of these swaps was a $107 million liability. As of December 31, 2023, the potential change in fair value of fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps resulting from a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not be material. As of December 31, 2023, CSX has no floating rate notes outstanding. However, changes in interest rates could impact the fair value (but not the carrying value) of the Company's fixed rate long- term debt. The potential decrease in fair value of the Company's fixed rate long-term debt resulting from a hypothetical 10% increase in U.S. Treasury rates, or approximately 40 basis points, is estimated to be $730 million as of December 31, 2023, and $709 million as of December 31, 2022. The underlying fair values of the Company's long-term debt were estimated based on quoted market prices or on the current rates offered for debt with similar terms and maturities. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.48 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42) Page 50 CSX Corporation Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Herewith: Consolidated Income Statements for the Years Ended: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements for the Years Ended: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Consolidated Cash Flow Statements for Years Ended: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 52 53 54 55 56 57 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.49 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of CSX Corporation Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CSX Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 14, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosure to which it relates. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.50 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM, continued Description of the Matter Depreciation Policies for Assets Utilizing the Group-Life Method As of December 31, 2023, assets depreciated under the group-life method comprised 84% of total gross fixed assets of $50.3 billion. As discussed in Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements, the group-life method aggregates assets with similar lives and characteristics into groups and depreciates each of these groups as a whole. When using the group-life method, an underlying assumption is that each group of assets, as a whole, is used and depreciated to the end of the group’s recoverable life. The Company utilizes different depreciable asset categories to account for depreciation expense for the railroad assets that are depreciated under the group-life method. Under the group-life method, depreciation studies are conducted by a third-party specialist and analyzed by the Company’s management to review asset service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation and other factors related to group assets. Depreciation studies are performed every three years for equipment assets and every six years for road and track assets. In years when depreciation studies are not performed, annual data reviews are conducted by a third-party specialist and analyzed by the Company’s management to review the asset service lives. For road and track assets and equipment assets, the most recent depreciation studies were performed in 2020 and 2022, respectively. These studies were evaluated by the Company’s management in the current year through an annual data review. Auditing depreciation expense for assets subject to the group-life method was complex and required the involvement of specialists due to the nature of the methods used in the depreciation studies to determine the useful service lives and salvage values of the Company’s assets. These methods have a significant effect on depreciation expense. How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s process related to the assessment of periodic depreciation studies and annual data reviews of its group-life assets. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of asset activity that could impact the estimated useful lives determined in the most recent depreciation studies of equipment and road and track assets. To test the estimated useful lives and salvage values of the Company’s group-life assets, we performed audit procedures that included, among others: obtaining the periodic depreciation studies and annual data reviews performed by the Company’s third-party specialist and reviewed by management; assessing the completeness and accuracy of the data provided by management to the third-party specialist; and including a specialist on our team to evaluate the methods used by the third-party specialist and reviewed by management in determining if any changes were necessary to the estimated useful lives and salvage values resulting from the annual data reviews. We compared the assumptions used by management to those used throughout the industry and within other depreciation studies. We assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates via retrospective review and independently recalculated the current year depreciation rates. We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1981. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Jacksonville, Florida February 14, 2024 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.51 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS (Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) Revenue Expense Labor and Fringe Purchased Services and Other Depreciation and Amortization Fuel Equipment and Other Rents Gains on Property Dispositions Total Expense Years Ended 2022 $ 14,657 $ 14,853 $ 12,522 2023 2021 3,024 2,764 1,611 1,377 354 (34) 9,096 2,861 2,685 1,500 1,626 396 (238) 8,830 2,550 2,135 1,420 913 364 (454) 6,928 Operating Income 5,561 6,023 5,594 Interest Expense Other Income - Net (Note 14) Earnings Before Income Taxes Income Tax Expense (Note 12) Net Earnings Per Common Share (Note 2) Net Earnings Per Share Basic Assuming Dilution Average Common Shares Outstanding (Millions) Basic Assuming Dilution (809) 139 4,891 (742) 133 5,414 (722) 79 4,951 (1,176) 3,715 $ (1,248) 4,166 $ (1,170) 3,781 1.85 $ 1.85 $ 1.95 $ 1.95 $ 1.68 1.68 2,008 2,013 2,136 2,141 2,250 2,255 $ $ $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.52 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENTS (Dollars in Millions) Net Earnings Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Net of Tax: Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits Interest Rate Derivatives Other Total Other Comprehensive Income (Note 16) Comprehensive Earnings Years Ended 2022 $ 3,715 $ 4,166 $ 3,781 2023 2021 74 — 2 76 167 8 15 190 $ 3,791 $ 4,186 $ 3,971 (66) 80 6 20 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.53 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars in Millions) ASSETS Current Assets: Cash and Cash Equivalents Short-term Investments Accounts Receivable - Net (Note 11) Materials and Supplies Other Current Assets Total Current Assets Properties Accumulated Depreciation Properties - Net (Note 6) Investment in Affiliates and Other Companies (Note 15) Right of Use Lease Asset (Note 7) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Net (Note 18) Other Long-term Assets Total Assets Current Liabilities: Accounts Payable LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Labor and Fringe Benefits Payable Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves (Note 5) Current Maturities of Long-term Debt (Note 10) Income and Other Taxes Payable Other Current Liabilities Total Current Liabilities Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves (Note 5) Long-term Debt (Note 10) Deferred Income Taxes - Net (Note 12) Long-term Lease Liability (Note 7) Other Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Shareholders' Equity: Common Stock, $1 Par Value (Note 3) Other Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Note 16) Non-controlling Minority Interest Total Shareholders' Equity December December 2023 2022 $ 1,353 $ 83 1,393 446 109 3,384 1,958 129 1,313 341 108 3,849 50,320 48,105 (15,385) (13,863) 34,935 34,242 2,397 2,292 498 506 688 505 502 522 $ 42,408 $ 41,912 $ 1,237 $ 1,130 517 144 558 525 243 3,224 296 17,975 7,746 491 543 707 144 151 111 228 2,471 292 17,896 7,569 488 571 30,275 29,287 1,959 691 9,790 (312) 5 12,133 2,066 574 10,363 (388) 10 12,625 41,912 Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity $ 42,408 $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.54 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENTS (Dollars in Millions) OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net Earnings Adjustments to Reconcile Net Earnings to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities: Depreciation and Amortization Deferred Income Taxes Gains on Property Dispositions Other Operating Activities Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities: Accounts Receivable Other Current Assets Accounts Payable Income and Other Taxes Payable Other Current Liabilities Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities INVESTING ACTIVITIES Property Additions Purchases of Short-term Investments Proceeds from Sales of Short-term Investments Proceeds and Advances from Property Dispositions Business Acquisition, Net of Cash Acquired (Note 17) Other Investing Activities Net Cash Used in Investing Activities FINANCING ACTIVITIES Shares Repurchased Dividends Paid Long-term Debt Repaid Long-term Debt Issued (Note 10) Other Financing Activities Net Cash Used in Financing Activities Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION Issuance of Common Stock as Consideration for Acquisition Interest Paid - Net of Amounts Capitalized Income Taxes Paid 2023 Years Ended 2022 2021 $ 3,715 $ 4,166 $ 3,781 1,611 140 (34) (5) (51) (120) 83 431 (221) 5,549 (2,281) (104) 153 52 (31) (76) (2,287) (3,482) (882) (153) 600 50 (3,867) (605) 1,500 117 (238) (17) (101) (22) 140 (39) 113 5,619 (2,133) (59) 9 246 (227) 33 (2,131) (4,731) (852) (186) 2,000 — (3,769) (281) 1,420 167 (454) 12 (141) (25) 128 72 139 5,099 (1,791) (75) 5 529 (541) (4) (1,877) (2,886) (839) (426) — 39 (4,112) (890) 1,958 1,353 $ 2,239 1,958 $ 3,129 2,239 — $ 806 $ 630 $ 422 $ 729 $ 1,167 $ — 718 931 $ $ $ $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.55 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Dollars in Millions) Common Shares Outstanding (Thousands) Common Stock and Other Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income(a) Non- controlling Minority Interest Total Shareholders' Equity Retained Earnings 2,287,587 $ 2,440 $ 11,259 $ (598) $ 9 $ 13,110 December 31, 2020 Comprehensive Earnings: Net Earnings Other Comprehensive Income (Note 16) Total Comprehensive Earnings Common stock dividends,$0.37 per share Share Repurchases Other December 31, 2021 Comprehensive Earnings: Net Earnings Other Comprehensive Income (Note 16) Total Comprehensive Earnings — — — 3,781 — — (90,431) 4,631 (90) (82) (839) (2,796) 225 2,201,787 2,268 11,630 — — — 4,166 — — Common stock dividends, $0.40 per share — — (852) Share Repurchases (151,419) (151) (4,580) Issuance of common stock for acquisition of Pan Am Systems, Inc. Other December 31, 2022 Comprehensive Earnings: Net Earnings Other Comprehensive Income (Note 16) Total Comprehensive Earnings 13,173 422 2,826 101 — (1) 2,066,367 2,640 10,363 (388) — — — 3,715 — — Common stock dividends, $0.44 per share — — (882) Share Repurchases (112,484) (112) (3,370) Excise Tax on Net Share Repurchases Other December 31, 2023 — — 4,874 122 (33) (3) — 190 — — (408) — 20 — — — — — 76 — — — — — — — 1 10 — — — — — — 10 — — — — — (5) 3,781 190 3,971 (839) (2,886) 144 13,500 4,166 20 4,186 (852) (4,731) 422 100 12,625 3,715 76 3,791 (882) (3,482) (33) 114 1,958,757 $ 2,650 $ 9,790 $ (312) $ 5 $ 12,133 (a) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss year-end balances shown above are net of tax. The associated taxes were $84 million, $122 million, and $107 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For additional information see Note 16, Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.56 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1. Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies Business CSX Corporation together with its subsidiaries ("CSX" or the “Company”), based in Jacksonville, Florida, is one of the nation's leading transportation companies. The Company provides rail-based transportation services including traditional rail service, the transport of intermodal containers and trailers, as well as other transportation services such as rail-to-truck transfers and bulk commodity operations. CSX Transportation, Inc. CSX’s principal operating subsidiary, CSX Transportation, Inc. (“CSXT”), provides an important link to the transportation supply chain through its approximately 20,000 route mile rail network and serves major population centers in 26 states east of the Mississippi River, the District of Columbia and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It has access to over 70 ocean, river and lake port terminals along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, the Mississippi River, the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. The Company’s intermodal business links customers to railroads via trucks and terminals. CSXT also serves thousands of production and distribution facilities through track connections to more than 240 short-line and regional railroads. On June 1, 2022, CSX completed its acquisition of Pan Am Systems, Inc. (“Pan Am”), which is the parent company of Pan Am Railways, Inc. This acquisition expands CSXT’s reach in the Northeastern United States. For further details, refer to Note 17, Business Combinations. CSXT is also responsible for the Company's real estate sales, leasing, acquisition and management and development activities. Substantially all of these activities are focused on supporting railroad operations. Other Entities In addition to CSXT, the Company’s subsidiaries include Quality Carriers, Inc. ("Quality Carriers"), CSX Intermodal Terminals, Inc. (“CSX Intermodal Terminals”), Total Distribution Services, Inc. (“TDSI”), TRANSFLO Terminal Services, Inc. (“TRANSFLO”), CSX Technology, Inc. (“CSX Technology”) and other subsidiaries. Effective July 1, 2021, CSX acquired Quality Carriers, the largest provider of bulk liquid chemicals truck transportation in North America. For further details, refer to Note 17, Business Combinations. CSX Intermodal Terminals owns and operates a system of intermodal terminals, predominantly in the eastern United States, and also provides drayage services (the pickup and delivery of intermodal shipments) for certain customers. TDSI serves the automotive industry with distribution centers and storage locations. TRANSFLO connects non-rail served customers to the many benefits of rail by transferring products from rail to trucks. The biggest TRANSFLO markets are chemicals and agriculture, which include shipments of plastics and ethanol. CSX Technology and other subsidiaries provide support services for the Company. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.57 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 1. Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued Lines of Business During 2023, the Company's services generated $14.7 billion of revenue and served four primary lines of business: merchandise, intermodal, coal and trucking. • • The merchandise business shipped 2.6 million carloads (43% of volume) and generated $8.7 billion in revenue (59% of revenue) in 2023. The Company’s merchandise business is comprised of shipments in the following diverse markets: chemicals, agricultural and food products, minerals, automotive, forest products, metals and equipment, and fertilizers. The intermodal business shipped 2.8 million units (45% of volume) and generated $2.1 billion in revenue (14% of revenue) in 2023. The intermodal business combines the superior economics of rail transportation with the flexibility of trucks and offers a cost and environmental advantage over long-haul trucking. Through a network of approximately 30 terminals, the intermodal business serves all major markets east of the Mississippi River and transports mainly manufactured consumer goods in containers, providing customers with truck-like service for longer shipments. • The coal business shipped 755 thousand carloads (12% of volume) and generated $2.5 billion in revenue (17% of revenue) in 2023. The Company transports domestic coal, coke and iron ore to electricity-generating power plants, steel manufacturers and industrial plants as well as export coal to deep-water port facilities. Most of the export coal the Company transports is used for steelmaking, while the majority of domestic coal the Company ships is used for electricity generation. • The trucking business generated $882 million, or 6%, of revenue in 2023. Trucking revenue includes revenue from the operations of Quality Carriers, which was acquired by CSX effective July 1, 2021. Other revenue accounted for 4% of the Company’s total revenue in 2023. This category includes revenue from regional subsidiary railroads and incidental charges, including intermodal storage and equipment usage, demurrage and switching. Revenue from regional subsidiary railroads includes shipments by railroads that the Company does not directly operate. Intermodal storage represents charges for customer storage of containers at an intermodal terminal, ramp facility or offsite location beyond a specified period of time. Demurrage represents charges assessed when freight cars are held by a customer beyond a specified period of time. Switching represents charges assessed when a railroad switches cars for a customer or another railroad. The Company has two operating segments: rail and trucking. Although the Company provides a breakdown of revenue by line of business, the overall financial and operational performance of the railroad is analyzed as one operating segment due to the integrated nature of the rail network. As the trucking segment is not material for separate disclosure, the results of all operations are included in one reportable segment. Employees The Company's number of employees was more than 23,000 as of December 2023, which includes approximately 17,700 union employees. Most of the Company’s employees provide or support transportation services. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.58 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 1. Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued Basis of Presentation In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present the financial position of CSX and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for the years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021. In addition, management has evaluated and disclosed all material events occurring subsequent to the date of the financial statements up to the date this annual report is filed on Form 10-K. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires that management make estimates in reporting the amounts of certain assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of certain revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Critical accounting estimates using management judgment are made for the following areas: • • • personal injury and environmental reserves (see Note 5, Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves); pension plan accounting (see Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans); and depreciation policies for assets under the group-life method (see Note 6, Properties) Fiscal Year The Company's fiscal periods are based upon the calendar year. Except as otherwise specified, references to full years indicate CSX’s fiscal years ended on December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include results of operations of CSX and subsidiaries over which CSX has majority ownership or financial control. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Most investments in companies that were not majority-owned were carried at cost (if less than 20% owned and the Company has no significant influence) or were accounted for under the equity method (if the Company has significant influence but does not have control). These investments are reported within Investment in Affiliates and Other Companies on the consolidated balance sheets. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.59 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 1. Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued Cash and Cash Equivalents On a daily basis, cash in excess of current operating requirements is invested in various highly liquid investments having a typical maturity date of three months or less at the date of acquisition. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates market value, and are classified as cash equivalents. Investments Investments in instruments with original maturities greater than three months that will mature in less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Investments with original maturities of one year or greater are initially classified within other long-term assets, and the classification is re-evaluated at each balance sheet date. Materials and Supplies Materials and supplies in the consolidated balance sheets are carried at average cost and consist primarily of parts used in the repair and maintenance of track structure, equipment, and CSXT’s freight car and locomotive fleets, as well as fuel. New Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. As the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") is no longer available as of July 2023, this standard update provides practical expedients for contract modifications made as part of the transition from LIBOR to alternative reference rates. The guidance was effective upon issuance and at present can generally be applied through December 31, 2024. The Company applied the practical expedient to its forward starting interest rate swaps effective June 30, 2023. See Note 10, Debt and Credit Agreements, for additional information. The Company does not have any other contracts that are affected by the transition from LIBOR. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This standard update requires additional interim and annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s expenses, even for companies with only one reportable segment. The Company is required to adopt the guidance for its 2024 annual report filed on Form 10-K, though early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on its disclosures, but this standard update will not impact the Company's results of operations or financial position. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This standard update requires additional interim and annual disclosures about a company’s income taxes, including more detailed information around the annual rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The Company is required to adopt the guidance for its 2025 annual report filed on Form 10-K, though early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on its disclosures, but this standard update will not impact the Company's results of operations or financial position. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.60 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 2. Earnings Per Share The following table sets forth the computation of basic earnings per share and earnings per share, assuming dilution: Numerator (Dollars in Millions): Net Earnings Denominator (Units in Millions): 2023 Years Ended 2022 2021 $ 3,715 $ 4,166 $ 3,781 Average Common Shares Outstanding Other Potentially Dilutive Common Shares Average Common Shares Outstanding, Assuming Dilution 2,008 5 2,013 2,136 5 2,141 Net Earnings Per Share, Basic Net Earnings Per Share, Assuming Dilution $ $ 1.85 $ 1.85 $ 1.95 $ 1.95 $ 2,250 5 2,255 1.68 1.68 Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Earnings per share, assuming dilution, is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding and common stock equivalents adjusted for the effects of common stock that may be issued as a result of potentially dilutive instruments. CSX's potentially dilutive instruments are made up of equity awards including stock options, performance and restricted stock units. When calculating diluted earnings per share, the potential shares that would be outstanding if all outstanding stock options were exercised are included. This number is different from outstanding stock options, which is included in Note 4, Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, because it is offset by shares CSX could repurchase using the proceeds from these hypothetical exercises to obtain the common stock equivalent. The total average outstanding equity awards that were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because their effect was antidilutive is in the table below. Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 Antidilutive Stock Options Excluded from Diluted EPS (Units in Millions) 3 3 2 Share Repurchase Programs During November 2023, the share repurchase program announced in July 2022 was completed and the Company began repurchasing shares under the $5 billion share repurchase program approved on October 17, 2023. Total repurchase authority remaining was $4.8 billion as of December 31, 2023. Previous share repurchase programs were announced in October 2020 and January 2019 and were completed in July 2022 and June 2021, respectively. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.61 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 2. Earnings Per Share, continued Share repurchases may be made through a variety of methods including, but not limited to, open market purchases, purchases pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, accelerated share repurchases and negotiated block purchases. The timing of share repurchases depends upon management's assessment of marketplace conditions and other factors, and the program remains subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors. Future share repurchases are expected to be funded by cash on hand, cash generated from operations and debt issuances. Shares are retired immediately upon repurchase. In accordance with the Equity Topic in the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"), the excess of repurchase price over par value is recorded in retained earnings. Share Repurchase Activity During 2023, 2022 and 2021, CSX repurchased the following shares: Shares Repurchased (Units in Millions) Cost of Shares (Dollars in Millions) Average Price Paid per Share 2023 Years Ended 2022 2021 112 3,482 $ 30.95 $ 151 4,731 $ 31.25 $ 90 2,886 31.91 $ $ The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 imposes a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of most share repurchases made after December 31, 2022. Excise tax commensurate with net share repurchases is reflected in equity and a corresponding liability for excise taxes payable is included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Amounts shown in the table above exclude the impact of this excise tax. Structured Share Repurchases Periodically, CSX enters into structured agreements for the repurchase of CSX shares. Upon execution of each agreement, the Company pays a fixed amount of cash in exchange for the right to receive either CSX stock or a predetermined amount of cash, including a premium. Shares acquired through these structured share repurchase agreements were recorded in common stock and retained earnings and are included in the share repurchases table above. There were no repurchases under a structured agreement in 2023 or 2022. In 2021, the Company paid a net total of approximately $378 million and received approximately 12 million shares as a result of entering into and settling structured share repurchase agreements. Premiums received were not material. Dividend Increase On February 14, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a 9% increase in the quarterly cash dividend to $0.12 per common share effective March 2024. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.62 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 3. Shareholders’ Equity Common and preferred stock consists of the following: Common Stock, $1 Par Value Common Shares Authorized Common Shares Issued and Outstanding Preferred Shares Authorized Preferred Shares Issued and Outstanding Preferred Stock December 2023 (Units in Millions) 5,400 1,958 25 — Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote on all matters requiring a vote for each share held. Preferred stock is senior to common stock with respect to dividends and upon liquidation of CSX. Common Stock Split On June 4, 2021, CSX announced a three-for-one split of the Company’s common stock in the form of a stock dividend. Each shareholder of record on June 18, 2021, received two additional shares of common stock for each share held as of this record date. The new shares were distributed after close of trading on June 28, 2021. All prior period share and per share amounts, common stock, other capital, and retained earnings were retroactively adjusted to reflect the impact of the stock split. Proportional adjustments were also made to outstanding awards under the Company's stock-based compensation plans. Other Capital As a result of the stock split during second quarter 2021, CSX's common stock balance was increased and its other capital balance was reduced commensurately. Because this adjustment brought the other capital balance below zero, $1.0 billion was reclassified from retained earnings to other capital to bring the other capital balance to zero as of June 30, 2021. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.63 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 4. Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation Under CSX's share-based compensation plans, awards consist of performance units, stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards for management and stock grants for directors. Awards granted under the various programs are determined and approved by the Compensation and Talent Management Committee of the Board of Directors. Awards to the Chief Executive Officer are approved by the full Board and awards to senior executives are approved by the Compensation and Talent Management Committee. In certain circumstances, the Chief Executive Officer or delegate approves awards to management employees other than senior executives. The Board of Directors approves awards granted to CSX's non-management directors upon recommendation of the Governance and Sustainability Committee. Share-based compensation expense for awards under share-based compensation plans and purchases made as part of the employee stock purchase plan is measured using the fair value of the award on the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the respective award. Alternatively, expense is recognized upon death or over an accelerated service period for retirement-eligible employees whose agreements allow for continued vesting upon retirement. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Total pre-tax expense and income tax benefits associated with share-based compensation are shown in the table below. Income tax benefits include impacts from option exercises and the vesting of other equity awards. (Dollars in Millions) Share-Based Compensation Expense Performance Units Restricted Stock Units and Awards Stock Options Employee Stock Purchase Plan Stock Awards for Directors Total Share-based Compensation Expense Income Tax Benefit Long-term Incentive Plans Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 $ $ $ 20 $ 19 12 7 2 60 $ 14 $ 35 $ 15 17 5 2 74 $ 17 $ 71 12 18 4 2 107 23 The objective of the CSX Long-term Incentive Plans (“LTIP”) is to motivate and reward certain employees for achieving and exceeding certain financial goals. The 2023-2025, 2022-2024, and 2021-2023 LTIPs were adopted under the 2019 Stock and Incentive Award Plan. Grants were made in performance units, with each unit being equivalent to one share of CSX common stock, and payouts will be made in CSX common stock. The payout range for most participants will be between 0% and 200% of the target awards depending on Company performance against predetermined goals for each three-year cycle. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.64 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 4. Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued In 2023, 2022 and 2021, target performance units were granted to certain employees under three separate LTIP plans covering three-year cycles: the 2023-2025 ("2023-2025 LTIP"), the 2022-2024 ("2022-2024 LTIP"), and the 2021-2023 ("2021-2023 LTIP"). Payouts of performance units for the plans will be based on the achievement of certain goals, in each case excluding non-recurring items as disclosed in the Company’s financial statements. • For the 2023-2025 and 2022-2024 LTIP plan, the average annual operating income growth percentage and Economic Profit (CSX Cash Earnings or CCE), in each case excluding non- recurring items as defined in the plan, will each comprise 50% of the payout and will be measured independently of the other. Participants will receive stock dividend equivalents declared over the performance period based on the number of performance units paid upon vesting. As defined under the plan, Economic Profit incentivizes strategic investments earning more than the required return and is calculated as CSX’s gross cash earnings (after-tax adjusted EBITDA) minus the long-term average cost of capital on gross operating assets. • For the 2021-2023 LTIP plan, the average annual operating income growth percentage and cumulative free cash flow over the plan period will each comprise 50% of the payout and will be measured independently of the other. Participants will receive stock dividend equivalents declared over the performance period based on the number of performance units paid upon vesting. For these plans, payouts for certain executive officers are subject to formulaic upward or downward adjustment by up to 25%, capped at an overall payout of 250%, based upon the Company’s total shareholder return relative to specified comparable groups over the performance period. The fair values of the performance units awarded during the years ended December 2023, 2022 and 2021 were calculated primarily using a Monte-Carlo simulation model with the following weighted- average assumptions: Weighted-Average Assumptions Used: Risk-free Interest Rate Annualized Volatility Expected Life (in years) 2023 4.4 % 33.2 % 2.8 Years Ended 2022 2.3 % 33.0 % 2.7 2021 0.2 % 33.6 % 2.9 The risk-free interest rate assumptions reflect the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The annualized volatility is based on observed historical volatility of daily stock returns for the three-year period preceding the grant date. The expected life is calculated using the remainder of the performance period. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.65 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 4. Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued Performance unit grant and vesting information is summarized as follows: Weighted-Average Fair Value of Units Granted Fair Value of Units Vested (in Millions) $ $ 31.57 $ 16 $ 33.89 $ 24 $ 30.11 19 The performance unit activity related to the outstanding long-term incentive plans and corresponding fair value is summarized as follows: 2023 Years Ended 2022 2021 Unvested at December 31, 2022 Granted Forfeited Vested Unvested at December 31, 2023 Performance Units Outstanding (in Thousands) Weighted-Average Fair Value at Grant Date 1,254 $ 755 (118) (570) 1,321 $ 32.14 31.57 32.20 30.23 32.65 As of December 2023, there was $20 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to performance units that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately two years. Stock Options Stock options in 2023, 2022 and 2021 were primarily granted along with the corresponding LTIP plans. With these grants, an employee receives an award that provides the opportunity in the future to purchase CSX shares at the closing market price of the stock on the date the award is granted (the strike price). Options granted become exercisable in equal installments on the anniversary of the grant date over a vesting period (three-year graded). All options expire 10 years from the grant date if they are not exercised. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated as of the dates of grant using the Black- Scholes option valuation model, which uses the following assumptions: dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, annualized volatility and expected life. The annual dividend yield is based on the most recent quarterly CSX dividend payment annualized. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The annualized volatility is based on historical volatility of daily CSX stock price returns over a 6.0 year look-back period ending on the grant date. The expected life is calculated using the safe harbor approach due to lack of historical data on CSX options, which is the midpoint between the vesting schedule and contractual term (10 years). CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.66 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 4. Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued Assumptions and inputs used to estimate fair value of stock options are summarized as follows: Weighted-Average Fair Value of Units Granted $ 9.82 $ 10.12 $ 7.94 Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 Stock Options Valuation Assumptions: Annual Dividend Yield Risk-free Interest Rate Annualized Volatility Expected Life (in Years) Other Pricing Model Inputs: 1.4 % 3.8 % 1.2 % 1.1 % 0.7 % 2.0 % 29.6 % 30.1 % 31.2 % 6.0 6.0 6.0 Weighted-average Grant-date Market Price of CSX Stock (Strike Price) $ 31.54 $ 35.12 $ 29.65 The stock option activity is summarized as follows: Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in Millions) Outstanding at December 31, 2022 Granted Forfeited Exercised Outstanding at December 31, 2023 Stock Options Outstanding (in Thousands) 13,400 1,234 (189) (2,351) 12,094 $ $ 24.03 31.54 32.68 22.06 25.04 Exercisable at December 31, 2023 9,239 $ 22.73 6.0 5.3 $ $ 117 111 Unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options as of December 2023 was $12 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately two years. The Company issues new shares upon stock option exercises. Additional information on stock option exercises is summarized as follows: (Dollars in Millions) Intrinsic Value of Stock Options Exercised Cash Received from Option Exercises 2023 2022 2021 $ $ 27 $ 52 $ 9 $ 15 $ 32 31 Years Ended CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.67 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 4. Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued Restricted Stock Grants Restricted stock grants consist of units and awards, each equivalent to one share of CSX stock. Restricted stock units are primarily issued along with corresponding LTIP plans and vest three years after the date of grant (three-year cliff) or on the annual anniversary of the grant date over a vesting period (three-year graded). Separately, restricted stock awards generally vest over an employment period of up to five years. These awards are time-based and not based upon CSX’s attainment of operational targets. Participants receive cash or stock dividend equivalents on these shares, depending on the grant. Restricted stock grant and vesting information is summarized as follows: Weighted-Average Fair Value of Units Granted Fair Value of Units and Awards Vested (in Millions) Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 $ $ 31.46 $ 8 $ 34.55 $ 5 $ 29.84 12 The restricted stock activity related to the outstanding long-term incentive plans and other awards and corresponding fair value is summarized as follows: Unvested at December 31, 2022 Granted Forfeited Vested Unvested at December 31, 2023 Restricted Stock Units and Awards Outstanding (in Thousands) Weighted-Average Fair Value at Grant Date 1,552 $ 880 (100) (303) 2,029 $ 31.68 31.46 31.92 27.49 31.70 As of December 2023, unrecognized compensation expense for these restricted stock units and awards was approximately $28 million, which will be expensed over a weighted-average remaining period of two years. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.68 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 4. Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued Stock Awards for Directors CSX’s non-management directors receive a base annual retainer of $130,000 to be paid quarterly in cash, unless the director chooses to defer the retainer in the form of cash or CSX common stock. Additionally, non-management directors receive an annual grant of common stock in the amount of approximately $180,000 and the independent non-executive Chairman also receives an annual grant of common stock in the amount of approximately $250,000. These awards are evaluated periodically by the Board of Directors. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In May 2018, shareholders approved the 2018 CSX Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) for the benefit of Company employees. The Company registered 12 million shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to this plan. Under the ESPP, employees may contribute between 1% and 10% of base compensation, after-tax, to purchase up to $25,000 of market value CSX common stock per year at 85% of the closing market price on either the grant date or the last day of the six-month offering period, whichever is lower. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company issued the following shares under this program. Shares Issued (in Thousands) Weighted Average Purchase Price Per Share Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 959 25.66 $ 726 25.93 $ 730 21.90 $ CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.69 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 5. Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves Activity related to casualty, environmental and other reserves is as follows: (Dollars in Millions) December 31, 2020 Assumed in Acquisition of Quality Carriers Charged to Expense Payments December 31, 2021 Assumed in Acquisition of Pan Am Charged to Expense Payments December 31, 2022 Charged to Expense Payments December 31, 2023 Casualty Reserves Environmental Reserves Other Reserves Total $ $ 196 $ — 55 (71) 180 19 45 (50) 194 69 (68) 195 $ 76 $ 29 26 (23) 108 36 47 (30) 161 29 (36) 154 $ 42 $ 314 62 33 130 49 (138) (44) 368 80 55 — 143 51 (130) (50) 436 81 165 67 (57) (161) 91 $ 440 Personal injury and environmental reserves are considered critical accounting estimates due to the need for management judgment. In the table above, the impacts of changes in estimates are included in the charged to expense amount and were not material in 2023, 2022 and 2021. Casualty, environmental and other reserves are provided for in the consolidated balance sheets as shown in the table below. (Dollars in Millions) Casualty: Personal Injury Occupational Total Casualty Environmental Other Total December 2023 Long-term Current Total Current December 2022 Long-term Total $ $ $ 45 $ 7 52 $ 41 51 144 $ 83 $ 60 143 $ 113 40 296 $ 128 $ 67 195 $ 154 91 440 $ 40 $ 10 50 $ 53 41 144 $ 86 $ 58 144 $ 108 40 292 $ 126 68 194 161 81 436 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.70 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 5. Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves, continued These liabilities are accrued when probable and reasonably estimable in accordance with the Contingencies Topic in the ASC. Actual settlements and claims received could differ and final outcomes of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty. Considering the legal defenses currently available, the liabilities that have been recorded and other factors, it is the opinion of management that none of these items individually, when finally resolved, will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Should a number of these items occur in the same period, however, their combined effect could be material in that particular period. Casualty Casualty reserves represent accruals for personal injury, occupational disease and occupational injury claims primarily related to railroad operations. Casualty reserves include liabilities assumed as a result of the Company's acquisition of Pan Am in 2022. The Company's self-insured retention amount for casualty claims is $100 million per occurrence. Currently, no individual claim is expected to exceed the self-insured retention amount. Most of the Company's casualty claims relate to CSXT. In accordance with the Contingencies Topic in the ASC, to the extent the value of an individual claim exceeds the self- insured retention amount, the Company would present the liability on a gross basis with a corresponding receivable for insurance recoveries. These reserves fluctuate based upon the timing of payments as well as changes in estimate. Actual results may vary from estimates due to the number, type and severity of the injury, costs of medical treatments and uncertainties in litigation. Defense and processing costs, which historically have been insignificant and are anticipated to be insignificant in the future, are not included in the recorded liabilities. Changes in casualty reserves are included in purchased services and other on the consolidated income statements. Personal Injury Personal injury reserves represent liabilities for employee work-related and third-party injuries. Work-related injuries for CSXT employees are primarily subject to the Federal Employers' Liability Act ("FELA"). CSXT retains an independent actuary to assist management in assessing the value of personal injury claims. An analysis is performed by the actuary quarterly and is reviewed by management. The methodology used by the actuary includes a development factor to reflect growth or reduction in the value of these personal injury claims based largely on CSXT's historical claims and settlement experience. These analyses did not result in a material adjustment to the personal injury reserve in 2023, 2022 or 2021. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.71 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 5. Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves, continued Occupational Occupational reserves represent liabilities arising from allegations of exposure to certain materials in the workplace (such as solvents, soaps, chemicals and diesel fumes), past exposure to asbestos or allegations of chronic physical injuries resulting from work conditions (such as repetitive stress injuries). The Company retains an independent actuary to analyze the Company’s historical claims, settlement amounts, and dismissal rates to assist in determining future anticipated claim filing rates and average settlement values. This analysis is performed by the actuary and reviewed by management quarterly. There were no material adjustments to the occupational reserve in 2023, 2022 or 2021. Environmental The Company is a party to various proceedings related to environmental issues, including administrative and judicial proceedings involving private parties and regulatory agencies. The Company has been identified as a potentially responsible party at approximately 230 environmentally impaired sites. Many of these are, or may be, subject to remedial action under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 ("CERCLA"), also known as the Superfund Law, or similar state statutes. Most of these proceedings arose from environmental conditions on properties used for ongoing or discontinued railroad operations. A number of these proceedings, however, are based on allegations that the Company, or its predecessors, sent hazardous substances to facilities owned or operated by others for treatment, recycling or disposal. In addition, some of the Company’s land holdings were leased to others for commercial or industrial uses that may have resulted in releases of hazardous substances or other regulated materials onto the property and could give rise to proceedings against the Company. Environmental reserves include liabilities assumed as a result of the Company's acquisition of Pan Am in 2022 and Quality Carriers in 2021. In any such proceedings, the Company is subject to environmental clean-up and enforcement actions under the Superfund Law, as well as similar state laws that may impose joint and several liability for clean-up and enforcement costs on current and former owners and operators of a site without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct. These costs could be substantial. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.72 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 5. Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves, continued In accordance with the Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations Topic in the ASC, the Company reviews its role with respect to each site identified at least quarterly, giving consideration to a number of factors such as: • • • • type of clean-up required; nature of the Company’s alleged connection to the location (e.g., generator of waste sent to the site or owner or operator of the site); extent of the Company’s alleged connection (e.g., volume of waste sent to the location and other relevant factors); and number, connection and financial viability of other named and unnamed potentially responsible parties at the location. Based on management's review process, amounts have been recorded to cover contingent anticipated future environmental remediation costs with respect to each site to the extent such costs are reasonably estimable and probable. The recorded liabilities for estimated future environmental costs are undiscounted. The liability includes future costs for remediation and restoration of sites as well as any significant ongoing monitoring costs, but excludes any anticipated insurance recoveries. Payments related to these liabilities are expected to be made over the next several years. Environmental remediation costs are included in purchased services and other on the consolidated income statements. Currently, the Company does not possess sufficient information to reasonably estimate the amounts of additional liabilities, if any, on some sites until completion of future environmental studies. In addition, conditions that are currently unknown could, at any given location, result in additional exposure, the amount and materiality of which cannot presently be reasonably estimated. Based upon information currently available, however, the Company believes its environmental reserves accurately reflect the estimated cost of remedial actions currently required. Other Other reserves include liabilities for various claims, such as automobile, property, general liability, workers' compensation and longshoremen disability claims. Other reserves include liabilities assumed as a result of the Company's acquisition of Pan Am in 2022 and Quality Carriers in 2021. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.73 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 6. Properties Details of the Company’s net properties are as follows: (Dollars in Millions) December 2023 Road Accumulated Net Book Annual Depreciation Estimated Useful Life Depreciation Cost Depreciation Value Rate (Avg. Years) Method Rail and Other Track Material $ 9,537 $ (1,978) $ 7,559 Ties Grading Ballast 7,020 2,796 3,424 (2,131) 4,889 (668) 2,128 (1,119) 2,305 Bridges, Trestles, and Culverts 3,121 (525) 2,596 Signals and Interlockers 3,376 (1,351) 2,025 2.5% 3.5% 1.3% 2.6% 1.7% 4.1% Buildings Other Equipment Locomotive Freight Cars 1,530 (608) 922 2.5% 5,786 (2,546) 3,240 4.1% Total Road 36,590 (10,926) 25,664 4,952 2,300 (1,981) 2,971 (378) 1,922 3.8% 3.1% Work Equipment and Other 3,391 (2,100) 1,291 8.9% Total Equipment 10,643 (4,459) 6,184 41 28 75 38 60 24 40 25 26 32 11 Group Life Group Life Group Life Group Life Group Life Group Life Group Life/ Straight Line (a) Group Life/ Straight Line (a) Group Life Group Life Group Life/ Straight Line (a) Land Construction In Progress 2,272 815 — — 2,272 815 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total Properties $ 50,320 $ (15,385) $ 34,935 (a) For depreciation method, certain asset categories contain intermodal terminals, trucking or technology-related assets, which are depreciated using the straight-line method. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.74 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 6. Properties, continued (Dollars in Millions) December 2022 Road Accumulated Net Book Annual Depreciation Estimated Useful Life Depreciation Cost Depreciation Value Rate (Avg. Years) Method Rail and Other Track Material $ 8,660 $ (1,405) $ 7,255 Ties Grading Ballast Bridges, Trestles, and Culverts Signals and Interlockers 6,763 2,741 3,383 2,989 3,299 (2,010) 4,753 (637) 2,104 (1,130) 2,253 (454) 2,535 (1,210) 2,089 2.5% 3.5% 1.3% 2.6% 1.7% 4.1% Buildings Other Equipment Locomotive Freight Cars 1,416 (558) 858 2.5% 5,541 (2,323) 3,218 4.1% Total Road 34,792 (9,727) 25,065 4,848 2,316 (1,856) 2,992 (369) 1,947 3.8% 3.1% Work Equipment and Other 3,132 (1,911) 1,221 8.9% Total Equipment 10,296 (4,136) 6,160 41 28 75 38 60 24 40 25 26 32 11 Group Life Group Life Group Life Group Life Group Life Group Life Group Life/ Straight Line (a) Group Life/ Straight Line (a) Group Life Group Life Group Life/ Straight Line (a) Land Construction In Progress 2,272 745 — — 2,272 745 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total Properties $ 48,105 $ (13,863) $ 34,242 (a) For depreciation method, certain asset categories contain intermodal terminals, trucking or technology-related assets, which are depreciated using the straight-line method. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.75 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 6. Properties, continued Capital Expenditures The Company’s capital investment includes purchased and self-constructed assets and property additions that substantially extend the service life or increase the utility of those assets. Indirect costs that can be specifically traced to capital projects are also capitalized. The Company is committed to maintaining and improving its existing infrastructure and expanding its network capacity for long-term growth. Rail operations are capital intensive and CSX accounts for these costs in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and the Company’s capitalization policy. All properties are stated at historical cost less an allowance for accumulated depreciation. The Company’s largest category of capital investment is the replacement of track assets, which is primarily completed by CSXT employees, as well as the acquisition or construction of new assets that enable CSX to enhance its operations or provide new capacity offerings to its customers. Costs for track asset replacement and capacity projects that are capitalized include: • labor costs, because many of the assets are self-constructed; costs to purchase or construct new track or to prepare ground for the laying of track; • • welding (rail, field and plant), which are processes used to connect segments of rail; • • • • • • • new ballast, which is gravel and crushed stone that holds track in line; fuels and lubricants associated with tie, rail and surfacing work, which is the process of raising track to a designated elevation over an extended distance; cross, switch and bridge ties, which are the braces that support the rails on a track; gauging, which is the process of standardizing the distance between rails; handling costs associated with installing rail, ties or ballast; usage charge of machinery and equipment utilized in construction or installation; and other track materials. Labor is a significant cost in self-constructed track replacement work. CSXT engineering employees directly charge their labor to the track replacement project (the capitalized depreciable property). In replacing track, these employees concurrently perform deconstruction and installation of track material. Because of this concurrent process, CSX must estimate the amount of labor that is related to deconstruction versus installation. As a component of the depreciation study for road and track assets, management performs an analysis of labor costs related to the self-constructed track replacement work, which includes direct observation of track replacement processes. Through this analysis, CSX determined that approximately 20% of labor costs associated with track replacement is related to the deconstruction of old track, for which certain elements are expensed, and 80% is associated with the installation of new track, which is capitalized. Capital investment related to locomotives and freight cars comprises the second largest category of the Company’s capital assets. This category includes purchases of locomotives and freight cars as well as costs to modify or rebuild these assets, which are capitalized if the investment incurred extends the asset’s service life or improves utilization. Improvement projects must meet specified dollar thresholds to be capitalized and are reviewed by management to determine proper accounting treatment. Routine repairs, overhauls and other maintenance costs, for all asset categories, are expensed as incurred. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.76 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 6. Properties, continued Depreciation Method The depreciable assets of the Company are depreciated using either the group-life or straight-line method of accounting, which are both acceptable depreciation methods in accordance with GAAP. The Company depreciates its railroad assets, including main-line track, locomotives and freight cars, using the group-life method. Assets depreciated under the group-life method comprise 84% of total fixed assets of $50.3 billion on a gross basis as of December 2023. The remaining depreciable assets of the Company, including non-railroad assets and assets under finance leases, are depreciated using the straight-line method on a per asset basis. Land is not depreciated. The group-life method aggregates assets with similar lives and characteristics into groups and depreciates each of these groups as a whole. When using the group-life method, an underlying assumption is that each group of assets, as a whole, is used and depreciated to the end of its group’s recoverable life. The Company currently utilizes different depreciable asset categories to account for depreciation expense for the railroad assets that are depreciated under the group-life method. By utilizing various depreciable categories, the Company can more accurately account for the use of its assets. All assets of the Company are depreciated on a time or life basis. The group-life method of depreciation closely approximates the straight-line method of depreciation. Additionally, due to the nature of most of its assets (e.g. track is one contiguous, connected asset), the Company believes that this is the most accurate and effective way to properly depreciate its assets. Depreciation Studies Management performs a review of depreciation expense and useful lives on a regular basis. Under the group-life method, the service lives and salvage values for each group of assets are determined by completing periodic depreciation studies and applying management’s methods to determine the service lives of its properties. A depreciation study is the periodic review of asset service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation, and other related factors for group assets conducted by a third-party specialist, analyzed by the Company’s management and approved by the Surface Transportation Board ("STB"), the regulatory board that has broad jurisdiction over railroad practices. The STB requires depreciation studies be performed every three years for equipment assets (e.g., locomotives and freight cars) and every six years for road and track assets (e.g., bridges, signals, rail, ties, and ballast). The Company believes the frequency of depreciation studies currently required by the STB, complemented by annual data reviews conducted by a third-party specialist and analyzed by the Company's management, provides adequate review of asset service lives and that a more frequent review would not result in a material change due to the long-lived nature of most of the assets. The Company completed a depreciation study for its road and track assets in 2020 and for equipment assets in 2022, both of which resulted in changes to accumulated depreciation, service lives, salvage values, and other related factors for certain assets. The 2022 equipment study resulted in an increase in annual depreciation expense of approximately $80 million primarily due to deferred losses on assets depreciated using the group-life method. A depreciation study was not performed in 2023. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.77 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 6. Properties, continued Group-Life Assets Sales and Retirements Since the rail network is one contiguous, connected network it is impractical to maintain specific identification records for these assets. For track assets (e.g., rail, ties, and ballast), CSX retires assets on a statistical curve relative to the age of the assets. Equipment assets (e.g., locomotives and freight cars) are specifically identified at retirement. When an equipment asset is retired that has been depreciated using the group-life method, the cost is reduced from the cost base and recorded in accumulated depreciation. For sales or retirements of assets depreciated under the group-life method that occur in the ordinary course of business, the asset cost (net of salvage value or sales proceeds) is charged to accumulated depreciation and no gain or loss is immediately recognized. This practice is consistent with accounting treatment prescribed under the group-life method. As part of the depreciation study, an assessment of the recorded amount of accumulated depreciation is made to determine if it is deficient (or in excess) of the appropriate amount indicated by the study. Any such deficiency (or excess), including any deferred gains or losses, is amortized as a component of depreciation expense over the remaining service life of the asset group until the next required depreciation study. Since the overall assumption with the group-life method is that the assets within the group on average have the same service life and characteristics, it is therefore concluded that the deferred gains and losses offset over time. For sales or retirements of assets depreciated under the group-life method that do not occur in the ordinary course of business, a gain or loss may be recognized if the sale or retirement meets each of the following three criteria: (i) it is unusual, (ii) it is material in amount, and (iii) it varies significantly from the retirement profile identified through depreciation studies. No material gains or losses were recognized on the sale of assets depreciated using the group-life method in 2023, 2022 or 2021, as no sales met the criteria described above. Land and Straight-line Assets Sales and Retirements When the Company sells or retires land, land-related easements or assets depreciated under the straight-line method, a gain or loss is recognized in purchased services and other on the consolidated statements of income. Primarily as a result of its initiative to monetize non-core properties, the Company recognized gains on the sale of properties of $34 million, $238 million, and $454 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Gains in 2022 and 2021 include amounts from the Virginia transaction discussed below. Sale of Property Rights to the Commonwealth of Virginia On March 26, 2021, the Company entered into a comprehensive agreement to sell certain property rights in three CSX-owned line segments to the Commonwealth of Virginia (“Commonwealth”) over three phases. The timing and amount of gains recognized were based on the allocation of fair value to each conveyance, the timing of future conveyances and collectability. Over the course of this transaction, which was completed in 2022, total proceeds of $525 million were collected and total gains of $493 million were recognized. Gains and proceeds related to this transaction are summarized in the following table. (Dollars in Millions) Gains Proceeds Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 $ — $ — 144 $ 125 349 400 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.78 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 6. Properties, continued Impairment Review Properties and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or business conditions indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Initial assessments of recoverability are based on estimates of undiscounted future net cash flows associated with an asset or a group of assets in accordance with the Property, Plant, and Equipment Topic in the ASC. Where impairment is indicated, the assets are evaluated and their carrying amount is reduced to fair value based on discounted net cash flows or other estimates of fair value. Impairment expense of $2 million in 2023, $4 million in 2022, and $2 million in 2021 was primarily due to the discontinuation of certain in-progress projects. Impairment expense is recorded in purchased services and other expense on the consolidated income statement. Government Assistance The Company is a party to contracts with recipients and subrecipients of awards from federal, state and local governmental agencies. These contracts meet the disclosure requirements under ASU 2021-10, Disclosure by Business Entities about Government Assistance, which the Company adopted effective year end 2022. These awards are typically in the form of cash for purposes of making improvements to the rail network as part of public safety, corridor expansion or economic revitalization initiatives. The awarding agency generally specifies how the awards are to be spent by the recipients and may include limited conditions requiring return of the assistance. Government funding received or receivable related to a property asset is netted with the cost of the asset in properties on the consolidated balance sheet, and the net asset is subject to depreciation. Any amounts owed by the government entity are recorded within accounts receivable until reimbursed. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total amounts received under contracts with government entities to improve the rail network was $84 million and $49 million, respectively. Non-freight accounts receivable related to these government projects was $57 million and $34 million as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.79 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 7. Leases At inception, the Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. Some of the Company’s lease arrangements contain lease components (e.g., minimum rent payments) and non-lease components (e.g., maintenance, labor charges, etc.). The Company generally accounts for each component separately based on the estimated standalone price of each component. For certain equipment leases, such as freight car, vehicles and work equipment, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include rental payments that are adjusted periodically for an index or rate. The leases are initially measured using the projected payments adjusted for the index or rate in effect at the commencement date. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Operating Leases Operating leases are included in right-of-use lease assets, other current liabilities and long-term lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. These assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term using the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rates or implicit rates, when readily determinable. Short- term operating leases, which have an initial term of 12 months or less, are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company has various lease agreements with other parties with terms up to 50 years, including a significant operating lease with the State of Georgia for approximately 137 miles of right-of- way with integral equipment for a term of 50 years with an annual 2.5% increase. Non-cancelable, long- term leases may include provisions for maintenance, options to purchase and options to extend the terms. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease expense for operating leases, including leases with escalations over their terms, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Lease expense is included in equipment and other rents on the consolidated income statements and is reported net of lease income. Lease income was not material to the results of operations for 2023, 2022 or 2021. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.80 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 7. Leases, continued The following table presents information about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from all of the Company’s operating leases as of December 31, 2023. (Dollars in Millions) Maturity of Lease Liabilities 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total Undiscounted Operating Lease Payments Less: Imputed Interest Present Value of Operating Lease Liabilities (Dollars in Millions) Balance Sheet Classification Right of Use Asset $ Current Lease Liabilities (Included in Other Current Liabilities) $ Long-term Lease Liabilities Total Operating Lease Liabilities $ Other Information Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term for Operating Leases Weighted-average Discount Rate for Operating Leases December 2023 Lease Payments $ $ $ 2023 2022 498 68 491 559 $ $ $ 70 67 51 43 35 1,108 1,374 (815) 559 505 69 488 557 30 years 31 years 5.1 % 5.0 % Cash Flows As of December 2023 and 2022, the Company's right-of-use asset was valued at $498 million and $505 million, respectively. In 2023, right of use assets of $56 million were recognized as non-cash asset additions due to new operating lease liabilities. In 2022, right-of-use assets of $74 million were recognized as non-cash asset additions due to new operating lease liabilities. Cash paid for amounts included in the present value of operating lease liabilities was $78 million and $76 million during the years ended 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in operating cash flows. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.81 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 7. Leases, continued Operating Lease Costs These costs are primarily related to long-term operating leases, but also include immaterial amounts for variable leases and short-term leases with terms greater than 30 days. These amounts are shown in the table below. (Dollars in Millions) Rent Expense on Operating Leases Finance Leases Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 $ 109 $ 109 $ 89 Finance leases are included in properties - net and long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets and were not material as of December 2023 or December 2022. The associated amortization expense and interest expense are included in depreciation and interest expense, respectively, on the consolidated income statements and were not material to the results of operations for 2023, 2022 or 2021. NOTE 8. Commitments and Contingencies Purchase Commitments CSXT's long-term locomotive maintenance program agreement with a third party contains commitments related to specific locomotive rebuilds and a long-term maintenance program that covers a portion of CSXT’s fleet of locomotives. The maintenance program costs are based on the maintenance cycle for each covered locomotive, which is determined by the asset's age and type. Expected future costs may change as required maintenance schedules are revised and locomotives are placed into or removed from service. Under CSXT’s current obligations, the agreement will expire no earlier than 2035. The following table summarizes CSXT’s payments, including prepayments, for the long-term maintenance program which covers approximately 1,900 locomotives with payments based on active status during the period. (Dollars in Millions) Amounts Paid (a) The 2022 amount has been updated to include prepayments of $40 million. Years Ended (a) 2022 2023 2021 $ 200 $ 168 $ 99 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.82 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 8. Commitments and Contingencies, continued The total of annual payments under the agreement, including those related to locomotive rebuilds and the long-term locomotive maintenance program, are estimated in the table below. Additionally, the Company has various other commitments technology, communications, from various suppliers. Total annual payments under all of these purchase commitments are also estimated in the table below. track maintenance services and materials, and other services to purchase (Dollars in Millions) 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total Insurance Locomotive Maintenance & Rebuild Payments $ $ 342 365 397 521 402 1,223 3,250 Other Commitments 182 $ 137 37 37 33 56 482 $ Total 524 502 434 558 435 1,279 3,732 $ $ The Company maintains insurance programs with substantial limits for property damage, including resulting business interruption, and third-party liability. A certain amount of risk is retained by the Company on each insurance program. Under its property insurance program, the Company retains all risk up to $100 million per occurrence for losses from floods and named windstorms and up to $75 million per occurrence for other property losses. For third-party liability claims, the Company retains all risk up to $100 million per occurrence. As CSX negotiates insurance coverage above its full self-retention amounts, it retains a percentage of risk at various layers of coverage. While the Company believes its insurance coverage is adequate, future claims could exceed existing insurance coverage or insurance may not continue to be available at commercially reasonable rates. Legal The Company is involved in litigation incidental to its business and is a party to a number of legal actions and claims, various governmental proceedings and private civil lawsuits, including, but not limited to, those related to fuel surcharge practices, tax matters, environmental and hazardous material exposure matters, FELA and labor claims by current or former employees, other personal injury or property claims and disputes and complaints involving certain transportation rates and charges. Some of the legal proceedings include claims for compensatory as well as punitive damages and others are, or are purported to be, class actions. While the final outcomes of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, considering, among other things, the legal defenses available and liabilities that have been recorded along with applicable insurance, it is currently the opinion of management that none of these pending items is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. An unexpected adverse resolution of one or more of these items, however, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity in that particular period. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.83 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 8. Commitments and Contingencies, continued The Company is able to estimate a range of possible loss for certain matters for which a loss is reasonably possible in excess of reserves established. The Company has estimated this range to be $3 million to $55 million in the aggregate as of December 31, 2023. This estimated aggregate range is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions. Accordingly, the Company's estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate. Fuel Surcharge Antitrust Litigation In May 2007, class action lawsuits were filed against CSXT and three other U.S.-based Class I railroads alleging that the defendants' fuel surcharge practices relating to contract and unregulated traffic resulted from an illegal conspiracy in violation of antitrust laws. The class action lawsuits were consolidated into one case in federal court in the District of Columbia. In 2017, the District Court issued its decision denying class certification. On August 16, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit affirmed the District Court’s ruling. The consolidated case is now moving forward without class certification. Although the class was not certified, individual shippers have since brought claims against the railroads, which have been consolidated into a separate case. CSXT believes that its fuel surcharge practices were arrived at and applied lawfully and that the case is without merit. Accordingly, the Company intends to defend itself vigorously. However, penalties for violating antitrust laws can be severe, and resolution of these matters individually or when aggregated could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity in that particular period. Environmental CSXT is indemnifying Pharmacia LLC, formerly known as Monsanto Company, ("Pharmacia") for certain liabilities associated with real estate located in Kearny, New Jersey along the Lower Passaic River (the “Property”). The Property, which was formerly owned by Pharmacia, is now owned by CSXT. CSXT's indemnification and defense duties arise with respect to several matters. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), using its CERCLA authority, seeks the investigation and cleanup of hazardous substances in the 17-mile Lower Passaic River Study Area (the "Study Area”). CSXT, on behalf of Pharmacia, and a significant number of other potentially responsible parties are together conducting a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study of the Study Area pursuant to an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent with the EPA. Pharmacia’s share of responsibility, indemnified by CSXT, for the investigation and cleanup costs of the Study Area may be determined through various mechanisms including (a) an allocation and settlement with EPA; (b) litigation brought by EPA against non-settling parties; or (c) litigation among the responsible parties. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.84 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 8. Commitments and Contingencies, continued For the lower eight miles of the Study Area, EPA issued its Record of Decision detailing the agency’s mandated remedial process in March 2016. Occidental Chemical Corporation ("Occidental") is performing the remedial design for the lower eight-mile portion of the Study Area pursuant to a consent order with EPA. For the remaining upper nine miles of the Study Area, EPA selected an interim remedy in a Record of Decision dated September 28, 2021. On March 2, 2023, EPA issued an administrative order requiring Occidental to design the interim remedy for the upper nine miles of the Study Area. Potentially responsible parties, including Pharmacia, are participating in an EPA-directed allocation and settlement process to assign responsibility related to the lower river and the entire Study Area, respectively. CSXT participated in the EPA-directed allocation and settlement process on behalf of Pharmacia. On March 2, 2022, EPA issued a Notice Letter to Pharmacia, Occidental and eight other parties alleging they are liable under Section 107(a) of CERCLA for releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances and requesting each party, individually or collectively, submit good faith offers to EPA in connection with the entire Study Area. CSXT, on behalf of Pharmacia, responded to the Notice Letter and submitted a good faith offer to EPA on June 27, 2022, following meetings with a mediator from EPA’s Conflict Prevention and Resolution Center. On November 21, 2023, EPA notified the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey that it intended to move to enter a Consent Decree (“CD”) with a group of potentially responsible parties. On January 31, 2024, EPA filed a motion to enter a modified CD with 82 potentially responsible parties, requiring payment of $150 million to resolve their liability with respect to the entire Study Area. Pharmacia is not a participant in the CD settlement. Negotiations with EPA and other parties to resolve Pharmacia's liability continue. CSXT is also defending and indemnifying Pharmacia with regard to the Property in litigation filed by Occidental, which is seeking to recover its past and future costs associated with the remediation of the entire Study Area. Alternatively, Occidental seeks to compel some, or all, of the defendants to participate in the remediation of the Study Area. Pharmacia is one of approximately 110 defendants in a federal lawsuit filed by Occidental on June 30, 2018, and one of 37 defendants in a federal lawsuit filed by Occidental on March 24, 2023. CSXT is also defending and indemnifying Pharmacia in a cooperative natural resource damages assessment process related to the Property. Based on currently available information, the Company does not believe its share of remediation costs as determined by the EPA-directed allocation with respect to the Property and the Study Area would be material to the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.85 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans The Company sponsors defined benefit pension plans principally for salaried, management personnel. For employees hired prior to 2003, the plans provide eligible employees with retirement benefits based predominantly on years of service and compensation rates near retirement. For employees hired between 2003 and 2019, benefits are determined based on a cash balance formula, which provides benefits by utilizing interest and pay credits based upon age, service and compensation. The CSX Pension Plan, the largest plan based on benefit obligation, was closed to new participants beginning in 2020. The Company engages independent actuaries to compute the amounts of liabilities and expenses relating to these plans subject to the assumptions that the Company determines are appropriate based on historical trends, current market rates and future projections. These amounts are reviewed by management. In order to perform this valuation, the actuaries are provided with the details of the population covered at the beginning of the year, summarized in the table below, and projects that population forward to the end of the year. Pension Plan Participants: Active Employees Retirees and Beneficiaries Other(a) Total (a) The Other category consists mostly of terminated but vested former employees. As of January 1, 2023 2,479 11,294 3,504 17,277 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.86 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans, continued The benefit obligation for these plans represents the liability of the Company for current and former employees and is affected primarily by the following: • • • • service cost (benefits attributed to employee service during the period); interest cost (interest on the liability due to the passage of time); actuarial gains/losses (experience during the year different from that assumed and changes in plan assumptions); and benefits paid to participants. Cash Flows Plan assets are amounts that have been segregated and restricted to provide qualified pension plan benefits and include amounts contributed by the Company and amounts earned from invested contributions, net of benefits paid. Qualified pension plan obligations are funded in accordance with regulatory requirements and with an objective of meeting or exceeding minimum funding requirements necessary to avoid restrictions on flexibility of plan operation and benefit payments. The Company funds the cost of nonqualified pension benefits on a pay-as-you-go basis. No qualified pension plan contributions were made during 2023, 2022 and 2021. No contributions to the Company's qualified pension plans are expected in 2024. Future expected benefit payments are as follows: Expected Cash Flows (Dollars in Millions): 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029-2033 Total Plan Assets Pension Benefits $ $ 190 186 183 182 181 870 1,792 The Company outsources investment management related to pension plan assets. The CSX Investment Committee (the “Investment Committee”), whose members are selected by the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for setting policy and oversight of investment management. The Investment Committee and investment manager utilize an investment asset allocation strategy that is monitored on an ongoing basis and updated periodically in consideration of plan or employee changes, or changing market conditions. Periodic studies provide an extensive modeling of asset investment return in conjunction with projected plan liabilities and seek to evaluate how to maximize return within the constraints of acceptable risk. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.87 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans, continued The current asset allocation targets 55% growth-oriented investments and 45% immunizing investments. The growth-oriented portfolio consists of return-seeking investments that are diversified across geography, market capitalization, and asset class. The immunizing portfolio is comprised of a customized mix of fixed income and cash investments designed to reduce liability risk. Allocations are evaluated for levels within 5% of targeted allocations and are adjusted quarterly as necessary. The distribution of pension plan assets as of the measurement date is shown in the table below, and these assets are reported net of pension liabilities on the balance sheet. (Dollars in Millions) Equity Fixed Income Cash and Cash Equivalents Growth-Oriented Fixed Income Cash and Cash Equivalents Immunizing Total December 2023 December 2022 Amount Percent of Total Assets Amount $ $ $ $ 1,142 114 15 1,271 911 240 1,151 2,422 47 % $ 4 1 52 % $ 38 10 48 % $ 100 % $ 1,249 144 41 1,434 777 116 893 2,327 Percent of Total Assets 54 % 6 2 62 % 33 5 38 % 100 % Under the supervision of the Investment Committee, the investment manager selects investments or fund managers in accordance with standards of prudence applicable to asset diversification and investment suitability. The Company also selects fund managers with differing investment styles and benchmarks their investment returns against appropriate indices. Fund investment performance is continuously monitored. Acceptable performance is determined in the context of the long-term return objectives of the fund and appropriate asset class benchmarks. Within the Company's equity funds, domestic stock is diversified among large and small capitalization stocks. International stock is diversified in a similar manner as well as in developed versus emerging markets stocks. Guidelines established with individual managers can limit investment by industry sectors, individual stock issuer concentration and the use of derivatives and CSX securities. Fixed income securities guidelines established with individual managers specify the types of allowable investments, such as government, corporate and asset-backed bonds, target certain allocation ranges for domestic and foreign investments and limit the use of certain derivatives. Additionally, guidelines stipulate minimum credit quality constraints and any prohibited securities. For detailed information regarding the fair value of pension assets, see Note 13, Fair Value Measurements. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.88 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans, continued Benefit Obligation, Plan Assets and Funded Status Changes in benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets for the 2023 and 2022 plan years are as follows: (Dollars in Millions) Actuarial Present Value of Benefit Obligation Accumulated Benefit Obligation Projected Benefit Obligation Change in Projected Benefit Obligation: Projected Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Plan Year Service Cost (a) Interest Cost Actuarial Loss (Gain) Benefits Paid Benefit Obligation at End of Plan Year Change in Plan Assets: Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Plan Year Actual Return (Loss) on Plan Assets Non-qualified Employer Contributions Benefits Paid Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Plan Year Funded Status at End of Plan Year Pension Benefits Plan Year Plan Year 2023 2022 $ 2,252 $ 2,343 2,285 2,368 $ 2,368 $ 3,022 28 111 20 (184) 36 64 (570) (184) 2,343 $ 2,368 2,327 $ 259 20 (184) 2,422 $ 79 $ 3,016 (523) 18 (184) 2,327 (41) $ $ $ $ (a) Service cost for 2023 and 2022 includes capitalized service costs of $4 million each year. In 2023, the $20 million net actuarial loss for pension benefits was driven by a 20 basis point decrease in the weighted average discount rate, partially offset by changes to census data. The $570 million net actuarial gain for pension benefits in 2022 was driven by a 224 basis point increase in the weighted average discount rate. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.89 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans, continued For qualified plan funding purposes, assets and discounted liabilities are measured in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ("ERISA"), as well as other related provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and related regulations. Under these funding provisions and the alternative measurements available thereunder, the Company estimates its unfunded obligation for qualified plans on an annual basis. In accordance with Compensation-Retirement Benefits Topic in the ASC, an employer must recognize the funded status of a pension plan by recording a liability (underfunded plan) or asset (overfunded plan) for the difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets at the plan measurement date. Amounts related to pension benefits recorded in other long-term assets, labor and fringe benefits payable and other long-term liabilities on the balance sheet are as follows: (Dollars in Millions) Amounts Recorded in Consolidated Balance Sheets: Long-term Assets Current Liabilities Long-term Liabilities Net Amount Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets Pension Benefits December 2023 December 2022 $ $ 277 $ (16) (182) 79 $ 164 (17) (188) (41) Long-term assets as of December 2023 and 2022 in the preceding table relate to qualified pension plans where assets exceed projected benefit obligations. Current and long-term liabilities relate to plans where projected benefits obligations exceed assets. The following table shows the value of plan assets for only those plans with a net liability status. Aggregate Fair Value Aggregate of Plan Assets Benefit Obligation $ — $ — (198) (188) (Dollars in Millions) Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets Projected Benefit Obligation Accumulated Benefit Obligation CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.90 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans, continued Net Benefit Expense Only the service cost component of net periodic benefit costs is included in labor and fringe expense on the consolidated income statement. All other components of net periodic benefit cost are included in other income - net. The following table describes the components of expense/(income) related to net benefit expense recorded on the income statement. (Dollars in Millions) Service Cost Included in Labor and Fringe Interest Cost Expected Return on Plan Assets Amortization of Net Loss Total Income Included in Other Income - Net Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) Settlement Loss Total Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) Pension Benefits Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 $ 24 $ 32 $ 41 111 (164) 29 (24) $ — $ — — $ 64 (188) 50 (74) $ (42) $ 1 (41) $ 55 (186) 73 (58) (17) — (17) $ $ $ Pension Adjustments The following table shows the pre-tax change in other comprehensive loss (income) attributable to certain components of net benefit expense and the change in benefit obligation for CSX for pension benefits. (Dollars in Millions) Components of Other Comprehensive Loss (Income) Recognized in the Balance Sheet (Gains) Losses Expense Recognized in the Income Statement Amortization of Net Losses Settlement Loss Pension Benefits Years Ended 2023 2022 $ $ (75) $ 141 29 $ — 50 1 As of December 2023, the balance to be amortized related to the Company's pension obligations is a pre-tax loss of $623 million. This amount is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a component of shareholders’ equity. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.91 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans, continued Assumptions The expected long-term average rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. In estimating that rate, the Company gives appropriate consideration to the returns being earned by the plan assets in the funds and the rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment as well as the current and projected asset mix of the funds. Management, with the assistance of the outsourced investment manager, balances market expectations obtained from various investment managers with both market and actual plan historical returns to develop a reasonable estimate of the expected long-term rate of return on assets. This assumption is reviewed annually and adjusted as deemed appropriate. The Company measures the service cost and interest cost components of the net pension benefits expense by using individual spot rates matched with separate cash flows for each future year. The weighted averages of assumptions used by the Company to value its pension obligations were as follows: Expected Long-term Return on Plan Assets: Benefit Cost for Current Plan Year Benefit Cost for Subsequent Plan Year Discount Rates: Benefit Cost for Plan Year Service Cost for Plan Year Interest Cost for Plan Year Benefit Obligation at End of Plan Year Salary Scale Inflation Cash Balance Plan Interest Credit Rate Pension Benefits 2022 2023 6.75 % 6.75 % 6.75 % 6.75 % 5.09 % 4.90 % 4.82 % 2.98 % 2.18 % 5.02 % 4.80 % 3.75 % 4.80 % 3.75 % CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.92 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans, continued Post-retirement Medical Plan In addition to these plans, the Company sponsors a post-retirement medical plan and a life insurance plan that provide certain benefits to full-time, salaried, management employees hired prior to 2003 upon their retirement if certain eligibility requirements are met. The accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation related to this plan was $56 million and $61 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Through 2033, total future expected benefit payments related to this plan were $50 million. Expenses in 2023, 2022 and 2021 related to this plan were not material. Other Plans Under collective bargaining agreements, the Company participates in a multi-employer benefit plan, which provides certain post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to eligible contract employees. Premiums under this plan are expensed as incurred and amounted to $11 million, $13 million and $21 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company maintains savings plans for virtually all full-time salaried employees and certain employees covered by collective bargaining agreements. Expense associated with these plans was $35 million, $28 million and $29 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is included in labor and fringe expense on the consolidated income statement. Under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover union-represented employees, Quality Carriers contributes to two multi-employer pension plans. These plans provide defined benefits to retired participants. Both of these pension plans are in Pension Protection Act zone “red”, meaning they are at least 65% underfunded. Formal rehabilitation plans have been adopted. Based on information provided to the Company from the administrators of these plans, Quality Carriers’ portion of the contingent liability in the event of a full withdrawal or termination from these plans is estimated to be approximately $334 million. Of this amount, $328 million relates to the Central States Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Plan and is based on information as of December 31, 2022, which is the latest information available at the date the financial statements were issued. The Company does not currently intend to withdraw from any of these multi-employer pension plans. Required monthly contributions to these plans are not material. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.93 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 10. Debt and Credit Agreements Debt at December 2023 and December 2022 is shown in the table below. For information regarding the fair value of debt, see Note 13, Fair Value Measurements. (Dollars in Millions) Notes Equipment Obligations(a) Finance Leases Maturity at December 2023 2024-2068 2024-2027 2024-2032 Subtotal Long-term Debt (Including Current Portion) Less Debt Due within One Year Long-term Debt (Excluding Current Portion) (a) Equipment obligations are secured by an interest in certain railroad equipment. Average Interest Rates at December December December 2023 2022 2023 4.2% 4.4% 5.9% $ 18,514 $ 17,877 141 2 29 17 $ 18,533 $ 18,047 (151) (558) $ 17,975 $ 17,896 Debt Issuance & Early Redemption of Long-term Debt On September 7, 2023, CSX issued $600 million of 5.20% notes due 2033. These notes are included in the consolidated balance sheets under long-term debt and may be redeemed by the Company at any time, subject to payment of certain make-whole premiums. In July 2022, CSX issued $950 million aggregate principal amount of 4.10% notes due 2032, $900 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% notes due 2052 and $150 million aggregate principal amount of 4.65% notes due 2068. The 2068 notes are a reopening of existing notes originally issued in February 2018. These notes are included in the consolidated balance sheets under long-term debt and may be redeemed by the Company at any time, subject to payment of certain make-whole premiums. In July 2021, finance lease obligations and debt totaling $68 million were assumed related to the Company's acquisition of Quality Carriers on July 1, 2021. No debt was issued in 2021. The net proceeds from debt issuances will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include debt repayments, repurchases of CSX’s common stock, capital investment and working capital requirements. For more information regarding a non-cash debt transaction with a related party, see Note 15, Investment in Affiliates and Related-Party Transactions. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.94 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 10. Debt and Credit Agreements, continued Long-term Debt Maturities (Net of Discounts, Premiums and Issuance Costs) (Dollars in Millions) Years Ending 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total Long-term Debt Maturities, including current portion Interest Rate Derivatives Fair Value Hedges Maturities at December 2023 558 606 704 998 1,001 14,666 18,533 $ $ In fourth quarter 2023, CSX entered into two separate fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps classified as fair value hedges. The swaps are designed to hedge 10 years of interest rate risk associated with market fluctuations attributable to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") on a cumulative $250 million of fixed rate outstanding notes which are due in 2033. The cumulative fair value of these swaps, which is included in other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheet, was an asset of $19 million as of December 31, 2023. In first quarter 2022, CSX entered into five separate fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps classified as fair value hedges. The swaps are designed to hedge 10 years of interest rate risk associated with market fluctuations attributable to the SOFR on a cumulative $800 million of fixed rate outstanding notes which are due between 2036 and 2040. The cumulative fair value of these swaps which is included in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, was a liability of $107 million and $118 million as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The 2022 swaps will expire in 2032 and the 2023 swaps will expire in 2033. If settled early, the remaining cumulative fair value adjustment to the hedged notes will be amortized over the remaining life of the associated notes. The cumulative adjustment to the hedged notes is included in long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet as shown in the following table. (Dollars in Millions) Notional Value of Hedged Notes Fair Value Asset Adjustment to Hedged Notes Fair Value Liability Adjustment to Hedged Notes Carrying Amount of Hedged Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ 1,050 $ 19 (107) 962 $ 800 — (118) 682 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.95 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 10. Debt and Credit Agreements, continued Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of the interest rate swaps offset changes in the fair value of the hedged portion of the underlying debt with no gain or loss recognized due to hedge ineffectiveness. The difference in the net fixed-to-float interest settlement on the derivatives is recognized in interest expense and is summarized as follows. (Dollars in Millions) Interest Expense Impact (Increase) Decrease 2023 2022 $ (28) $ (1) 2021 N/A Cash Flow Hedges In 2020, the Company executed forward starting interest rate swaps, classified as cash flow hedges, with aggregate notional value of $500 million. These swaps were effected to hedge the benchmark interest rate associated with future interest payments related to the anticipated refinancing of $850 million of 3.25% notes due in 2027. In accordance with the Derivatives and Hedging Topic in the ASC, the Company has designated these swaps as cash flow hedges. Under the terms of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act, the reference rate on the swaps were automatically replaced with daily compounded SOFR plus the fallback spread on July 1, 2023, the LIBOR replacement date. In fourth quarter 2022, CSX settled a portion equal to $160 million notional value of the aggregate $500 million cash flow hedges, which resulted in CSX receiving a cash payment of $52 million included in other operating activities on the consolidated cash flow statement. In second quarter 2023, CSX executed a partial settlement equal to $113 million notional value of the cash flow hedges, which resulted in CSX receiving a cash payment of $44 million. In third quarter 2023, CSX partially settled an additional $113 million notional value of the cash flow hedges and received a cash payment of $51 million included in other operating activities on the consolidated cash flow statement. The unsettled aggregate notional value of these swaps was $114 million and $340 million as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the asset value of the forward starting interest rate swaps was $48 million and $127 million, respectively, and was recorded in other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Unrealized gains or losses associated with changes in the fair value of the hedge are recorded net of tax in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) on the consolidated balance sheet. The unrealized gain associated with the settled portion of the hedges will continue to be classified in AOCI until the associated debt instrument is issued in the future. Unless settled early, the remainder of the swaps will expire in 2027 and the unrealized gain or loss in AOCI will be recognized in earnings as an adjustment to interest expense over the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Unrealized amounts related to the hedge, recorded net of tax in other comprehensive income, are summarized in the table below. (Dollars in Millions) Unrealized Gain - Net 2023 2022 2021 $ — $ 80 $ 8 See Note 13, Fair Value Measurements, and Note 16, Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), for other information about the Company's hedges. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.96 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 10. Debt and Credit Agreements, continued Credit Facilities In February 2023, CSX replaced its existing $1.2 billion unsecured revolving credit facility with a new $1.2 billion unsecured, revolving credit facility backed by a diverse syndicate of banks. This facility allows same-day borrowings at floating interest rates, based on SOFR or an agreed-upon replacement reference rate, plus a spread that depends upon CSX's senior unsecured debt ratings. This facility expires in February 2028. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no outstanding balances under this facility. Commitment fees and interest rates payable under the facility were similar to fees and rates available to comparably rated investment-grade borrowers. As of December 31, 2023, CSX was in compliance with all covenant requirements under the facility. Commercial Paper Under its commercial paper program, which is backed by the revolving credit facility, the Company may issue unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion. Proceeds from issuances of the notes are expected to be used for general corporate purposes. At December 31, 2023, the Company had no commercial paper outstanding. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.97 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 11. Revenues The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from the transportation of freight as performance obligations that arise from its contracts with customers are satisfied. The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by market as this best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. (Dollars in Millions) Chemicals Agricultural and Food Products Automotive Forest Products Metals and Equipment Minerals Fertilizers Total Merchandise Coal Intermodal Trucking(a) Other Total Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 $ 2,599 $ 1,657 1,219 1,012 917 733 516 8,653 2,584 $ 1,664 1,054 996 828 658 455 8,239 2,484 2,434 2,060 2,306 882 578 966 908 $ 14,657 $ 14,853 $ 2,421 1,461 886 918 796 587 470 7,539 1,790 2,039 410 744 12,522 (a) Effective third quarter 2021, Trucking revenue is comprised of revenue from the operations of Quality Carriers, which was acquired by CSX effective July 1, 2021. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue from rail freight billings under contracts with customers generally on a rate per carload, container or ton-basis based on length of haul and commodities carried. The Company’s performance obligation arises when it receives a bill of lading (“BOL”) to transport a customer's commodities at a negotiated price contained in a transportation services agreement or a publicly disclosed tariff rate. Once a BOL is received, a contract is formed whereby the parties are committed to perform, collectability of consideration is probable and the rights of the parties, shipping terms and conditions, and payment terms are identified. A customer may submit several BOLs for transportation services at various times throughout a service agreement term, but each shipment represents a distinct service that is a separately identified performance obligation. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.98 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 11. Revenues, continued The average transit time to complete a rail shipment is between 2 to 7 days depending on market. Payments for transportation services are normally billed once a BOL is received and are generally due within 15 days after the invoice date. The Company recognizes revenue over transit time of freight as it moves from origin to destination. Revenue for services started but not completed at the reporting date is allocated based on the relative transit time in each reporting period, with the portion allocated for services subsequent to the reporting date considered remaining performance obligations. The certain key estimates included in the recognition and measurement of revenue and related accounts receivable are as follows: • Revenue associated with shipments in transit, which is recognized ratably over transit time and is based on average cycle times to move commodities and products from their origin to their final destination or interchange; • Adjustments to revenue for billing corrections and billing discounts; • Adjustments to revenue for overcharge claims filed by customers, which are based on historical • payments to customers for rate overcharges as a percentage of total billing; and Incentive-based refunds to customers, which are primarily volume-related, are recorded as a reduction to revenue on the basis of the projected liability (this estimate is based on historical activity, current volume levels and forecasted future volume). Revenue related to interline transportation services that involve the services of another party, such as another railroad, is reported on a net basis. The portion of the gross amount billed to customers that is remitted by the Company to another party is not reflected as revenue. Effective third quarter 2021, trucking revenue includes revenue from the operations of Quality Carriers and is mostly comprised of truck shipments of chemicals. A performance obligation arises when Quality Carriers receives a customer order to transport a commodity at a contracted rate. Revenue is recorded on a gross basis ratably over transit time. Other revenue is recorded upon completion of the service and is comprised of revenue from regional subsidiary railroads and incidental charges, including demurrage, intermodal storage and equipment usage, and switching. Revenue from regional subsidiary railroads includes shipments by railroads that the Company does not directly operate. Demurrage represents charges assessed when freight cars are held by a customer beyond a specified period of time. Intermodal storage represents charges for customer storage of containers at an intermodal terminal, ramp facility or offsite location beyond a specified period of time. Switching represents charges assessed when a railroad switches cars for a customer or another railroad. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods was not material. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.99 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 11. Revenues, continued Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to future reporting periods for freight services started but not completed at the reporting date. This includes the unearned portion of billed and unbilled amounts for cancellable freight shipments in transit. The Company expects to recognize the unearned portion of revenue for freight services in transit within one week of the reporting date. As of December 31, 2023, remaining performance obligations were not material. Contract Balances and Accounts Receivable The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in accounts receivable and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets, contract liabilities and deferred contract costs recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were not material. The Company’s accounts receivable - net consists of freight and non-freight receivables, reduced by an allowance for credit losses. (Dollars in Millions) Freight Receivables Freight Allowance for Credit Losses Freight Receivables, net Non-Freight Receivables Non-Freight Allowance for Credit Losses Non-Freight Receivables, net Total Accounts Receivable, net December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ 1,047 $ (18) 1,029 378 (14) 364 1,393 $ 1,067 (16) 1,051 279 (17) 262 1,313 Freight receivables include amounts earned, billed and unbilled, and currently due from customers for transportation-related services. Non-freight receivables include amounts billed and unbilled and currently due related to government reimbursement receivables and other non-revenue receivables. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based upon an assessment of risk characteristics, historical payment experience, and the age of outstanding receivables adjusted for forward-looking economic conditions as necessary. Credit losses recognized on the Company’s accounts receivable were not material in 2023 and 2022. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.100 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 12. Income Taxes Earnings before income taxes of $4.9 billion, $5.4 billion and $5.0 billion for years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, represent earnings from domestic operations. The breakdown of income tax expense between current and deferred is as follows: (Dollars in Millions) Current: Federal State Subtotal Current Deferred: Federal State Subtotal Deferred Total Income Tax Expense Years Ended 2022 2023 2021 852 $ 184 1,036 $ 928 $ 203 1,131 $ 827 176 1,003 122 18 140 $ 1,176 $ 166 (49) 117 $ 1,248 $ 166 1 167 1,170 $ $ $ $ The Company recorded a 2023 income tax benefit of $22 million primarily from a change in the valuation of deferred taxes as a result of filing the 2022 tax returns. In 2022, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $78 million primarily as a result of state legislative changes and a change in the valuation of deferred taxes as a result of filing the 2021 tax returns. In 2021, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $48 million primarily as a result of favorable state legislative changes, additional tax benefits associated with the vesting of share-based awards and adjustments to deferred taxes as a result of filing the 2020 state tax returns. Income tax expense reconciled to the tax computed at statutory rates is presented in the following table. (Dollars in Millions) Federal Income Taxes State Income Taxes Other 2023 Years Ended 2022 2021 $ 1,027 153 (4) 21.0 % $ 1,137 121 (10) 3.1 % (0.1) % 21.0 % $ 1,040 139 (9) 2.2 % (0.1) % 21.0 % 2.8 % (0.2) % Income Tax Expense/ Rate $ 1,176 24.0 % $ 1,248 23.1 % $ 1,170 23.6 % CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.101 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 12. Income Taxes, continued The primary factors in the change in year-end net deferred income tax liability balances include the annual provision for deferred income tax expense and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities include: (Dollars in Millions) Other Employee Benefit Plans Accelerated Depreciation Other Total Net Deferred Income Tax Liabilities 2023 2022 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities $ $ 103 $ — 459 562 $ $ — $ 7,678 630 8,308 $ 7,746 105 $ — 553 658 $ $ — 7,600 627 8,227 7,569 The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return, which includes its principal domestic subsidiaries. CSX and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state jurisdictions. CSX participated in a contemporaneous IRS audit of tax years 2023, 2022, and 2021. Federal examinations of original federal income tax returns for all years through 2020 are resolved. As of December 2023 and 2022, the Company had approximately $19 million and $18 million, respectively, of total unrecognized tax benefits as a result of uncertain tax positions. Net tax benefits of $15 million and $14 million as of December 2023 and 2022, respectively, could favorably impact the effective income tax rate in each year. The Company does not expect that unrecognized tax benefits as of December 2023 for various state and federal income tax matters will significantly change over the next 12 months. The final outcome of these uncertain tax positions is not yet determinable. There were no material changes to the total gross unrecognized tax benefits and prior year audit resolutions of the Company during the year ended December 2023. CSX’s continuing practice is to recognize net interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties were not material as of December 2023 or 2022. Additionally, expenses from changes to the reserves for interest and penalties were not material in 2023, 2022 or 2021. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.102 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 13. Fair Value Measurements The Financial Instruments Topic in the ASC requires disclosures about fair value of financial instruments in annual reports as well as in quarterly reports. For CSX, this statement applies to certain investments, pension plan assets, long-term debt and interest rate derivatives. Also, the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic in the ASC clarifies the definition of fair value for financial reporting, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires additional disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. Various inputs are considered when determining the value of the Company's investments, pension plan assets, long-term debt and interest rate derivatives. The inputs or methodologies used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in these securities. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below: • • • Level 1 – observable market inputs that are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, credit risk, etc.); and Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in determining the fair value of investments). The valuation methods described below may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date. Investments The Company's investment assets are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic in the ASC. They are valued with assistance from a third-party trustee and consist of fixed income mutual funds, corporate bonds and government securities. The fixed income mutual funds are valued at the net asset value of shares held based on quoted market prices determined in an active market, which are Level 1 inputs. The corporate bonds and government securities are valued using broker quotes that utilize observable market inputs, which are Level 2 inputs. Unrealized losses as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were not material. The Company believes any impairment of investments held with gross unrealized losses to be temporary and not the result of credit risk. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.103 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 13. Fair Value Measurements, continued The Company's investment assets are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets as summarized in the following table. (Dollars in Millions) Fixed Income Mutual Funds Corporate Bonds Government Securities Total Investments at Fair Value $ December 2023 Level 2 December 2022 Level 2 Level 1 Total Total — $ 60 41 101 $ 80 $ 60 41 181 $ 89 $ — — 89 $ — $ 49 58 107 $ 89 49 58 196 Level 1 $ 80 $ — — 80 $ Total Investments at Amortized Cost $ 184 $ 201 These investments have the following maturities and are represented on the consolidated balance sheet within short-term investments for investments with maturities of less than one year, and other long- term assets for investments with maturities of one year and greater. (Dollars in Millions) Less than 1 year 1 - 5 years 5 - 10 years Greater than 10 years Total investments at fair value Long-term Debt December 2023 December 2022 $ $ 83 $ 37 17 44 181 $ 129 24 10 33 196 Long-term debt, which includes finance leases, is reported at carrying amount on the consolidated balance sheets and is the Company's only financial instrument with fair values significantly different from their carrying amounts. The majority of the Company's long-term debt is valued with assistance from a third party that utilizes closing transactions, market quotes or market values of comparable debt. For those instruments not valued by the third party, the fair value has been estimated by applying market rates of similar instruments to the scheduled contractual debt payments and maturities. These market rates are provided by the same third party. All of the inputs used to determine the fair value of the Company's long-term debt are Level 2 inputs. The fair value of outstanding debt fluctuates with changes in a number of factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to, interest rates, market conditions, credit ratings, values of similar financial instruments, size of the instrument, cash flow projections and comparable trades. Fair value will exceed carrying value when the current market interest rate is lower than the interest rate at which the debt was originally issued. The fair value of a company's debt is a measure of its current value under present market conditions. It does not impact the financial statements under current accounting rules. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.104 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 13. Fair Value Measurements, continued The fair value and carrying value of the Company's long-term debt is as follows: (Dollars in Millions) Long-term Debt (Including Current Maturities): Fair Value Carrying Value December 2023 December 2022 $ 17,528 $ 18,533 16,135 18,047 Interest Rate Derivatives The Company’s fixed-to-floating and forward starting interest rate swaps are carried at their respective fair values, which are determined with assistance from a third party based upon pricing models using inputs observed from actively quoted markets. All of the inputs used to determine the fair value of the swaps are Level 2 inputs. The fair value of the Company’s fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps was an asset of $19 million (for swaps entered in 2023) and a liability of $107 million (for swaps entered in 2022) at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps was a liability of $118 million. The fair value of the Company’s forward starting interest rate swaps asset was $48 million and $127 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 10, Debt and Credit Agreements, for further information. Pension Plan Assets Pension plan assets are reported at fair value, net of pension liabilities, on the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans, for further information. There are several valuation methodologies used for those assets as described below. Investments in the Fair Value Hierarchy • Common stock (Level 1): Valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded on the last day of the year and classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. • Mutual funds (Level 1): Valued at the net asset value of shares held at year end based on quoted market prices determined in an active market. These assets are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. • Cash and cash equivalents (Level 1): Includes cash and short term investments with an original maturity of three months or less. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents at year end approximates fair value. These assets are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. • Corporate bonds, government securities, asset-backed securities and derivatives (Level 2): Valued using price evaluations reflecting the bid and/or ask sides of the market for a similar investment at year end. Asset-backed securities include commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. These assets are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.105 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 13. Fair Value Measurements, continued Investments Measured at Net Asset Value • Partnerships: Net asset value of private equity is based on the fair market values associated with the underlying investments at year end. These funds have varying redemption restrictions, but most require advanced notice of at least 15 business days. • Commingled and common collective trust funds: This class consists of private funds that invest in corporate equity and debt securities, government securities and various short-term debt instruments and are measured at net asset value to estimate the fair value of the investments. The net asset value of the investments is determined by reference to the fair value of the underlying securities, which are valued primarily through the use of directly or indirectly observable inputs. These funds have redemption restrictions that require advanced notice of up to 45 business days. The pension plan assets at fair value by level, within the fair value hierarchy, as of calendar plan years 2023 and 2022 are shown in the table below. For additional information related to pension assets, see Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans. December 2023 December 2022 Total Level 1 Level 2 (Dollars in Millions) Common Stock 32 Mutual Funds 255 Cash and Cash Equivalents — Corporate Bonds — Government Securities Asset-backed Securities, Derivatives and Other — Total Investments in the Fair Value Hierarchy Investments Measured at Net Asset Value (a) Investments at Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 $ 340 $ — $ 340 $ 335 $ — $ 335 29 157 647 88 9 $ 627 $ 782 $ 1,409 $ 521 $ 744 $ 1,265 n/a $ 1,062 $ 627 $ 782 $ 2,422 $ 521 $ 744 $ 2,327 29 157 — — — — — 647 88 9 — — 646 126 10 32 255 646 126 10 n/a $ 1,013 Total n/a n/a (a) Investments measured at net asset value represent certain investments that have been measured at net asset value per share (or its equivalent) and thus are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, the fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the pension assets disclosed in Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.106 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 14. Other Income - Net The Company derives income from items that are not considered operating activities. Income from these items is reported net of related expense. All components of net periodic pension and post- retirement benefit costs, excluding service cost, are included in other income - net on the consolidated income statement. Miscellaneous income (expense) may fluctuate due to timing and includes investment gains, losses and interest income as well as other non-operating activities. For discussion of the drivers of changes in net periodic pension and post-retirement benefit credit from 2022 to 2023 and from 2021 to 2022, refer to Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans. Interest income increased from 2022 to 2023 and from 2021 to 2022 primarily as a result of higher average interest rates. Other income – net consisted of the following: (Dollars in Millions) Net Periodic Pension and Post-retirement Benefit Credit (a) Interest Income Miscellaneous Income Total Other Income - Net (a) Excludes the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost. Years Ended 2022 2021 2023 $ $ 29 $ 79 31 139 $ 79 $ 42 12 133 $ 64 7 8 79 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.107 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 15. Investment in Affiliates and Related-Party Transactions CSX's investments in affiliates are included on the consolidated balance sheet as investments in affiliates and other companies. (Dollars in Millions) Conrail TTX Other Equity Method and Cost Method Investments Total Conrail December 2023 December 2022 $ $ 1,175 $ 961 261 2,397 $ 1,124 914 254 2,292 Through a limited liability company, CSX and Norfolk Southern Corporation (“NS”) jointly own Conrail. CSX has a 42% economic interest and 50% voting interest in the jointly-owned entity, and NS has the remainder of the economic and voting interests. Pursuant to the Investments-Equity Method and Joint Venture Topic in the ASC, CSX applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in Conrail. Conrail owns rail infrastructure and operates for the joint benefit of CSX and NS. This is known as the shared asset area. Conrail charges fees for right-of-way usage, equipment rentals and transportation, switching and terminal service charges in the shared asset area. These expenses are included in purchased services and other on the consolidated income statements. Future payments due to Conrail under the shared asset area agreements are shown in the table below. (Dollars in Millions) Years 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total Conrail Shared Asset Agreement $ $ 32 32 32 32 32 13 173 Also, included in equity earnings of affiliates are CSX’s 42% share of Conrail’s income and its amortization of the fair value write-up arising from the acquisition of Conrail and certain other adjustments. The amortization primarily represents the additional after-tax depreciation expense related to the write-up of Conrail’s fixed assets when the original purchase price, from the 1997 acquisition of Conrail, was allocated based on fair value. This write-up of fixed assets resulted in a difference between CSX's investment in Conrail and its share of Conrail's underlying net equity, which is $323 million as of December 2023. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.108 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 15. Investment in Affiliates and Related-Party Transactions, continued The following table discloses amounts related to Conrail. All amounts in the table below are included in purchased services and other expenses on the Company’s consolidated income statements. (Dollars in Millions) Rents, Fees and Services Purchase Price Amortization and Other Equity Earnings of Conrail Total Conrail Expense Years Ended 2022 2023 2021 $ $ 132 $ 4 (54) 82 $ 130 $ 4 (44) 90 $ 128 4 (44) 88 As required by the Related Party Disclosures Topic in the ASC, the Company has disclosed amounts below owed to Conrail, or its subsidiaries, representing liabilities under the operating, equipment and shared area agreements with Conrail. In 2014, the Company executed two promissory notes with a subsidiary of Conrail which were included in long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets. In December 2020, the Company completed a non-cash conversion of $224 million of 2.89% notes due 2044 as well as its existing payable balance of approximately $217 million into new notes. The new notes for operation of the shared asset area are $441 million, 1.31% notes due 2050. Interest expense from these promissory notes was $6 million in each 2023, 2022 and 2021. (Dollars in Millions) Balance Sheet Information: CSX Accounts Payable to Conrail Promissory Notes Payable to Conrail Subsidiary December 2023 December 2022 $ 154 $ 136 1.31% CSX Promissory Note due December 2050 1.31% CSXT Promissory Note due December 2050 73 368 73 368 TTX Company TTX Company ("TTX") is a privately-held corporation engaged in the business of providing its owner-railroads with standardized fleets of intermodal, automotive and general use railcars at time and mileage rates. CSX owns about 20 percent of TTX's common stock, and the remaining is owned by the other leading North American railroads and their affiliates. Pursuant to the Investments - Equity Method Topic in the ASC, CSX applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in TTX. As part of the Pan Am acquisition in June 2022, CSX acquired an immaterial amount of TTX stock, which was subsequently repurchased by TTX in December 2022. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.109 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 15. Investment in Affiliates and Related-Party Transactions, continued As required by the Related Party Disclosures Topic in the ASC, the following table discloses amounts related to TTX. Car hire rents and equity earnings are included in equipment and other rents expense on the Company’s consolidated income statement. (Dollars in Millions) Income Statement Information: Car Hire Rents Equity Earnings of TTX Total TTX Expense 2023 Years Ended 2022 2021 $ $ 249 $ (49) 200 $ 241 $ (51) 190 $ 221 (52) 169 Also included below is balance sheet information related to CSX's payable to TTX, which represents car rental liabilities. (Dollars in Millions) Balance Sheet Information: CSX Payable to TTX December 2023 December 2022 $ 43 $ 38 NOTE 16. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) CSX reports comprehensive earnings or loss in accordance with the Comprehensive Income Topic in the ASC in the consolidated comprehensive income statement. Total comprehensive earnings are defined as all changes in shareholders' equity during a period, other than those resulting from investments by and distributions to shareholders (e.g. issuance of equity securities and dividends). Generally, for CSX, total comprehensive earnings equal net earnings plus or minus adjustments for pension and other post-retirement liabilities as well as derivative activity and other adjustments. Total comprehensive earnings represent the activity for a period net of tax and were $3.8 billion, $4.2 billion and $4.0 billion for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. While total comprehensive earnings is the activity in a period and is largely driven by net earnings in that period, AOCI represents the cumulative balance of other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of the balance sheet date. For CSX, AOCI is primarily the cumulative balance related to pension and other post-retirement benefit adjustments, interest rate derivatives and CSX's share of AOCI of equity method investees. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.110 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 16. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), continued Changes in the AOCI balance by component are shown in the following table. Amounts reclassified in pension and other post-employment benefits to net earnings relate to the amortization of actuarial losses and are included in other income - net on the consolidated income statements. See Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans, for further information. Interest rate derivatives consist of forward starting interest rate swaps classified as cash flow hedges. See Note 10, Debt and Credit Agreements, for further information. Items classified as other primarily represent CSX's share of AOCI of equity method investees. Amounts reclassified in other to net earnings are included in purchased services and other or equipment and other rents on the consolidated income statements. Pension and Other Post- Employment Benefits Interest Rate Derivatives Other Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Dollars in Millions) Balance December 31, 2020 - Net of Tax $ (598) $ 62 $ (62) $ Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Income Before Reclassifications Amounts Reclassified to Net Earnings Tax Expense Total Other Comprehensive Income Balance December 31, 2021 - Net of Tax Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) $ $ (Loss) Income Before Reclassifications Amounts Reclassified to Net Earnings Tax Benefit (Expense) Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income $ Balance December 31, 2022 - Net of Tax $ Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Income Before Reclassifications Amounts Reclassified to Net Earnings Tax Expense Total Other Comprehensive Income Balance December 31, 2023 - Net of Tax $ $ 147 66 (46) 167 $ (431) $ (129) 44 19 (66) $ (497) $ 75 18 (19) 74 $ (423) $ 11 — (3) — 15 — 8 $ 15 $ 70 $ (47) $ 88 — (8) — 2 4 80 $ 6 $ 150 $ (41) $ 16 — (16) — $ — 5 (3) 2 $ 150 $ (39) $ (598) 158 81 (49) 190 (408) (41) 46 15 20 (388) 91 23 (38) 76 (312) CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.111 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 17. Business Combinations Acquisition of Pan Am Systems, Inc. On June 1, 2022, CSX completed its acquisition of Pan Am Systems, Inc. (“Pan Am”), which is the parent company of Pan Am Railways, Inc. who jointly owns Pan Am Southern, LLC with a subsidiary of Norfolk Southern Corporation. Pan Am owns and operates a highly integrated, nearly 1,200-mile rail network and has a joint interest in the more than 600-mile Pan Am Southern system. This acquisition expands CSX’s reach in the Northeastern United States. The results of Pan Am's operations and its cash flows were consolidated prospectively. The Company accounted for the transaction using the acquisition method in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The purchase price allocation was finalized as of December 31, 2022, and total measurement period adjustments to the preliminary allocation were immaterial. The closing price of $600 million was funded through a combination of common stock valued at $422 million and cash totaling $178 million. Cash payments are included in investing activities on the Company's consolidated cash flow statement. Total cash consideration paid to acquire the business includes a $30 million deposit paid in 2020. The allocation of total consideration to the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities of Pan Am is summarized in the table below. (Dollars in Millions) Assets Acquired: Accounts Receivable, net Properties and Equipment, net Goodwill Investments in Affiliates Other Assets Total Assets Acquired Liabilities Assumed: Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities Deferred Tax Liabilities Other Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Assumed Fair Value of Assets Acquired, Net of Liabilities Assumed: June 1, 2022 $ $ $ $ $ 46 600 17 90 11 764 32 75 57 164 600 Properties and equipment of $600 million include road and track assets, work equipment, land, buildings and other assets. The investments in affiliates includes the interest in Pan Am Southern, LLC acquired as part of the purchase as well as other investments. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.112 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 17. Business Combinations, continued The Company incurred costs related to this acquisition of approximately $32 million, of which $22 million was incurred in 2022 and $10 million was incurred in 2021. All acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred and have been recorded in labor and fringe or purchased services and other in the accompanying consolidated income statements. This acquisition is not material or significant with respect to the Company’s financial statements when reviewed under the quantitative and qualitative considerations of Regulation S-X Article 11 and ASC Topic 805. As the acquisition is not material or significant, CSX has not provided pro forma information relating to the pre-acquisition period. Acquisition of Quality Carriers, Inc. On July 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Quality Carriers, the largest provider of bulk liquid chemicals truck transportation in North America, for $544 million in cash, which is presented on the statement of cash flows net of $3 million cash acquired. Through a network of over 100 company- owned and affiliate terminals and facilities in key locations throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico, Quality Carriers provides transportation services to many of the leading chemical producers and shippers in North America. The results of Quality Carriers' operations and its cash flows were consolidated prospectively. The Company accounted for the transaction using the acquisition method in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The purchase price allocation was finalized as of December 31, 2021, and total measurement period adjustments to the preliminary allocation were immaterial. The allocation of total consideration to the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities of Quality Carriers is summarized in the table below. (Dollars in Millions) Assets Acquired: Cash and Cash Equivalents Accounts Receivable, net Properties and Equipment, net Goodwill Intangible Assets Other Assets Total Assets Acquired Liabilities Assumed: Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities Finance Lease Obligations and Notes Payable Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves Other Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Assumed Fair Value of Assets Acquired, Net of Liabilities Assumed: July 1, 2021 $ $ $ $ $ 3 113 225 213 180 9 743 48 68 62 21 199 544 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.113 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 17. Business Combinations, continued Cash paid to acquire the business, net of acquired cash and cash equivalents of $3 million, is included in investing activities on the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows. Properties and equipment of $225 million include tractors and trailers, equipment, land, buildings and other assets. For information about goodwill and intangible assets, see Note 18, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. In 2021, the Company incurred costs related to this acquisition of approximately $17 million. All acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred and have been recorded in purchased services and other in the accompanying consolidated income statements. This acquisition is not material or significant with respect to the Company’s financial statements when reviewed under the quantitative and qualitative considerations of Regulation S-X Article 11 and ASC Topic 805. As the acquisition is not material or significant, CSX has not provided pro forma information relating to the pre-acquisition period. Other Acquisitions During 2023 and 2022, Quality Carriers completed several acquisitions of previous independent affiliates that were immaterial individually and in the aggregate. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.114 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data NOTE 18. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The following table presents goodwill and other intangible asset balances and adjustments to those balances for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: Goodwill Intangible Assets Net Carrying Amount Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Total Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Net (Dollars in Millions) Balance at December 31, 2021 Additions Amortization $ 276 $ 180 $ 43 — 18 — Balance at December, 31, 2022 $ 319 $ 198 $ Additions Amortization 6 — 8 — Balance at December, 31, 2023 $ 325 $ 206 $ (5) $ — (10) (15) $ — (10) (25) $ 175 $ 18 (10) 183 $ 8 (10) 181 $ 451 61 (10) 502 14 (10) 506 As a result of the acquisition of Pan Am on June 1, 2022, CSX recognized $17 million of goodwill. The goodwill was calculated as the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets assumed and relates primarily to the ability of CSX to extend the reach of its service to a wider customer base over an expanded territory, creating new market prospects and efficiencies. Goodwill recognized in this acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes. During 2023 and 2022, Quality Carriers completed several acquisitions that were immaterial individually and in aggregate. The acquisitions resulted in the addition of $6 million and $26 million of goodwill in 2023 and 2022, respectively. Other intangible assets recognized as part of these acquisitions were $8 million and $18 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's intangible assets balance primarily relates to intangibles recognized as part of the acquisition of Quality Carriers in 2021. Intangible assets recognized from the acquisition of $180 million consist of $150 million of customer relationships and $30 million of trade names that will be amortized over a weighted-average period of 20 years and 15 years, respectively. During the fourth quarter 2023, the Company changed the date of its annual assessment of Goodwill to October 1st for all reporting units. The change in testing date for goodwill is a change in accounting principle, which management believes is preferable as it will create consistency in the Company's goodwill impairment testing procedures across its reporting units. This change was not material to CSX's consolidated financial statements and it did not delay, accelerate, or avoid any potential goodwill impairment charges. No impairment was recorded as a result of the assessment. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.115 CSX CORPORATION PART II Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures As of December 31, 2023, under the supervision and with the participation of CSX's Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level in timely alerting them to material information required to be included in CSX’s periodic SEC reports. Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting CSX’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of the management of CSX, including CSX’s CEO and CFO, CSX conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the 2013 framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, which is also referred to as COSO. Based on that evaluation, management of CSX concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. Management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting is expressed at the level of reasonable assurance because a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included elsewhere herein. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.116 CSX CORPORATION PART II REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of CSX Corporation Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited CSX Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, CSX Corporation (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and our report dated February 14, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.117 CSX CORPORATION PART II REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM, continued Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Jacksonville, Florida February 14, 2024 CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.118 CSX CORPORATION PART II Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There were no material changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information On November 10, 2023, Nathan D. Goldman, Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy Rule 10b5-1(c) to sell up to 83,000 shares of CSX common stock and 161,487 employee stock options to be exercised via same-day-sale on or after February 20, 2024, subject to certain conditions, to be in effect until November 8, 2024 unless otherwise terminated pursuant to the terms of the trading plan. During the fourth quarter of 2023, no other Company directors or officers adopted or terminated any "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections Not applicable. PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement. The Proxy Statement will be filed no later than April 30, 2024 with respect to the 2024 annual meeting of shareholders, except for the information regarding the executive officers of the Company. Information regarding executive officers is included in Part I of this report under the caption "Executive Officers of the Registrant." Item 11. Executive Compensation In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above). Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above). Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above). Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above). CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.119 CSX CORPORATION PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules (a)(1) Financial Statements See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page 49. (2) Financial Statement Schedules The information required by Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, Casualty, Environmental and Other Note 5 Reserves. All other financial statement schedules are not applicable. to (3) Exhibits See exhibits listed under part (b) below. (b) The documents listed below are being filed or have previously been filed on behalf of CSX and are incorporated herein by reference from the documents indicated and made a part hereof. Exhibits not previously filed are filed herewith. Pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(4)(iii), instruments that define the rights of holders of the Registrant's long-term debt securities, where the long-term debt securities authorized under each such instrument do not exceed 10% of the Registrant's total assets, have been omitted and will be furnished to the Commission upon request. Exhibit designation Nature of exhibit Distribution Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2004, by and among CSX Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc., CSX Rail Holding Corporation, CSX Northeast Holding Corporation, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk Southern Railway Company, CRR Holdings LLC, Green Acquisition Corp., Conrail Inc., Consolidated Rail Corporation, New York Central Lines LLC, Pennsylvania Lines LLC, NYC Newco, Inc. and PRR Newco, Inc. Previously filed as exhibit to September 2, 2004, Exhibit 2.1, Form 8-K Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of CSX Corporation, effective as of December 16, 2014 February 11, 2015, Exhibit 3.1, Form 10-K Articles of Amendment to CSX Corporation's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended June 7, 2021 Exhibit 3.1, Form 8-K Amended and Restated Bylaws of CSX Corporation, effective as of December 7, 2022 December 13, 2022, Exhibit 3.1, Form 8-K 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 Instruments Defining the Rights of Security Holders, Including Debentures: 4.1(a)(P) 4.1(b)(P) 4.1(c) 4.1(d) 4.1(e) 4.1(f) 4.1(g) Indenture, dated August 1, 1990, between the Registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee September 7, 1990, Form SE First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 15, 1991, between the Registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee May 28, 1992, Exhibit 4(c), Form SE Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 6, 1997, between the Registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee June 5, 1997, Exhibit 4.3, Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-28523) Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 22, 1998, between the Registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee May 12, 1998, Exhibit 4.2, Form 8-K Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 30, 2001, between the Registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee November 7, 2001, Exhibit 4.1, Form 10-Q Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 27, 2003 between the Registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee October 27, 2003, Exhibit 4.1, Form 8-K Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 23, 2004 between the Registrant and JP Morgan Chase Bank, formerly The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee November 3, 2004, Exhibit 4.1, Form 10-Q CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.120 CSX CORPORATION PART IV Exhibit designation Nature of exhibit Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 25, 2007, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York (as successor to JP Morgan Chase Bank), as Trustee Previously filed as exhibit to April 26, 2007, Exhibit 4.4, Form 8-K Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 24, 2010, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to JP Morgan Chase Bank), as Trustee April 19, 2010, Exhibit 4.1, Form 10-Q Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 12, 2019, between CSX and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (as successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., formerly The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee (b) Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 10, 2020, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (as successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., formerly The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 28, 2022, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (as successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., formerly The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee February 12, 2019, Exhibit 4.1.10, Form S-3ASR December 10, 2020 Exhibit 4.3, Form 8-K July 28, 2022, Exhibit 4.3, Form 8-K 4.1(h) 4.1(i) 4.1(j) 4.1(k) 4.1(l) 4.2* Description of Common Stock Material Contracts: 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Transaction Agreement, dated as of June 10, 1997, by and among CSX Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc., Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Conrail Inc., Consolidated Rail Corporation and CRR Holdings LLC, with certain schedules thereto Amendment No. 1, dated as of August 22, 1998, to the Transaction Agreement, dated as of June 10, 1997, by and among CSX Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc., Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Conrail Inc., Consolidated Rail Corporation and CRR Holdings, LLC Amendment No. 2, dated as of June 1, 1999, to the Transaction Agreement, dated as of June 10, 1997, by and among CSX Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc., Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Conrail Inc., Consolidated Rail Corporation and CRR Holdings, LLC Amendment No. 3, dated as of August 1, 2000, to the Transaction Agreement by and among CSX Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc., Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Conrail Inc., Consolidated Rail Corporation, and CRR Holdings, LLC. Amendment No. 4, dated and effective as of June 1, 1999, and executed in April 2004, to the Transaction Agreement, dated as of June 10, 1997, by and among CSX Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc., Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Conrail Inc., Consolidated Rail Corporation and CRR Holdings, LLC Amendment No. 5, dated as of August 27, 2004, to the Transaction Agreement, dated as of June 10, 1997, by and among CSX Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc., Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Conrail Inc., Consolidated Rail Corporation and CRR Holdings LLC Shared Assets Area Operating Agreement for Detroit, dated as of June 1, 1999, by and among Consolidated Rail Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc. and Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation, with exhibit thereto July 8, 1997, Exhibit 10, Form 8-K June 11, 1999, Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K June 11, 1999, Exhibit 10.2, Form 8-K March 1, 2001, Exhibit 10.34, Form 10-K August 6, 2004, Exhibit 99.1, Form 8-K September 2, 2004, Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K June 11, 1999, Exhibit 10.6, Form 8-K CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.121 CSX CORPORATION PART IV Exhibit designation Nature of exhibit 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12** 10.13** 10.14** 10.15** 10.16** 10.17** 10.18** 10.19** 10.20** 10.21** 10.22 10.23** 10.24** 10.25** 10.26** Shared Assets Area Operating Agreement for North Jersey, dated as of June 1, 1999, by and among Consolidated Rail Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc. and Norfolk Southern Railway Company, with exhibit thereto Shared Assets Area Operating Agreement for South Jersey/ Philadelphia, dated as of June 1, 1999, by and among Consolidated Rail Corporation, CSX Transportation, Inc. and Norfolk Southern Railway Company, with exhibit thereto Monongahela Usage Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1999, by and among CSX Transportation, Inc., Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Pennsylvania Lines LLC and New York Central Lines LLC, with exhibit thereto Tax Allocation Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2004, by and among CSX Corporation, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Green Acquisition Corp., Conrail Inc., Consolidated Rail Corporation, New York Central Lines LLC and Pennsylvania Lines LLC Previously filed as exhibit to June 11, 1999, Exhibit 10.4, Form 8-K June 11, 1999, Exhibit 10.5, Form 8-K June 11, 1999, Exhibit 10.7, Form 8-K September 2, 2004, Exhibit 10.2, Form 8-K CSX Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan effective January 1, 2005 February 22, 2008, Exhibit 10.3, Form 10-K CSX Directors' Matching Gift Plan (as amended through February 9, 2011) March 4, 1994, Exhibit 10.5, Form 10-K Special Retirement Plan of CSX Corporation and Affiliated Companies (as amended through February 14, 2001) March 4, 2002, Exhibit 10.23, Form 10-K Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan of CSX Corporation and Affiliated Companies (as amended through February 14, 2001) March 4, 2002, Exhibit 10.24, Form 10-K CSX Stock and Incentive Award Plan May 7, 2010, Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K CSX Executives' Deferred Compensation Plan (as amended and restated effective January 1, 2021) December 21, 2020, Exhibit 99.1, Form S-8 Employment Agreement, effective as of December 22, 2017, between CSX Corporation and James M. Foote February 7, 2018 Exhibit 10.42, Form 10-K CSX 2019 Stock and Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed March 22, 2019) May 8, 2019 Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K Employment Agreement, dated August 29, 2022, between CSX Corporation and Joseph R. Hinrichs October 21, 2022, Exhibit 10.1, Form 10-Q Transition Agreement, dated September 14, 2022, between CSX Corporation and James M. Foote October 21, 2022, Exhibit 10.2, Form 10-Q $1,200,000,000 Five-Year Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2023, among CSX Corporation, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent Form of LTIP Performance Unit Award Agreement March 3, 2023 Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K April 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.2, Form 10-Q Form of LTIP Performance Unit Award Agreement for Joseph R. Hinrichs April 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.3, Form 10-Q Form of LTIP Stock Option Agreement Form of LTIP Stock Option Agreement for Joseph R. Hinrichs April 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.4, Form 10-Q April 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.5, Form 10-Q CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.122 CSX CORPORATION PART IV Exhibit designation Nature of exhibit Form of LTIP Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement Previously filed as exhibit to April 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.6, Form 10-Q Form of LTIP Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Joseph R. Hinrichs April 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.7, Form 10-Q CSX Corporation Executive Severance Plan, amended and restated as of July 11, 2023 October 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.1, Form 10-Q Form of Change of Control Agreement for Chief Executive Officer, effective as of July 11, 2023 October 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.2, Form 10-Q Form of Change of Control Agreement for Executive Vice President, effective as of July 11, 2023 October 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.3, Form 10-Q Form of Change of Control Agreement President/Vice President, effective as of July 11, 2023 for Senior Vice October 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.4, Form 10-Q Employment Separation Agreement and Release Form, effective as of August 30, 2023, between CSX and Jamie J. Boychuk October 20, 2023, Exhibit 10.5, Form 10-Q 10.27** 10.28** 10.29** 10.30** 10.31** 10.32** 10.33** Officer certifications: 31* 32* Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications Section 1350 Certifications Interactive data files: 101* The following financial information from CSX Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 14, 2024, formatted in XBRL includes: (i) Consolidated Income Statements for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, (ii) Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, (iv) Consolidated Cash Flow Statements for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and (vi) to Consolidated Financial Statements. the Notes 104* The cover page from CSX Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and contained in Exhibit 101. Other exhibits: 21* 23* 24* 97* Subsidiaries of the Registrant Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Powers of Attorney Financial Statement Compensation Recoupment Policy * Filed herewith ** Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement (P) This Exhibit has been paper filed and is not subject to Item 601 of Reg S-K for hyperlinks. Note: Items not filed herewith have been submitted in previous SEC filings. CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.123 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. CSX CORPORATION (Registrant) By: /s/ ANGELA C. WILLIAMS Angela C. Williams Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) Dated: February 14, 2024 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 14, 2024. Signature Title /s/ JOSEPH R. HINRICHS Joseph R. Hinrichs President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ SEAN R. PELKEY Sean R. Pelkey Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ ANGELA C. WILLIAMS Angela C. Williams Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ NATHAN D. GOLDMAN Nathan D. Goldman Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Corporate Secretary *Attorney-in-Fact CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.124 Signature * John J. Zillmer * Donna M. Alvarado * Thomas P. Bostick * Steven T. Halverson * Paul C. Hilal * David M. Moffett * Linda H. Riefler * Suzanne M. Vautrinot * James L. Wainscott * J. Steven Whisler SIGNATURES Title Chairman of the Board and Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director CSX 2023 Form 10-K p.125 Corporate Headquarters 500 Water Street Jacksonville, FL 32202 csx.com 

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