CVR Energy
Annual Report 2009

Plain-text annual report

CVR ENERGY, INC. 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500 Sugar Land, Texas 77479 C o m P e T i T i v e L y P o s I I t o N E d C V R E n e r g y , I n c . | 2 0 0 9 A n n u a l R e p o r t ComPeTiTiveLy PosItIoNEd CVR Energy, Inc. | 2009 Annual Report CORPORATE INFORMATION CORPORATE PROFILE CVR Energy, Inc. (NYSE: CVI) operates two diverse but complementary businesses serving the refined CVR Energy, Inc. (NYSE: CVI) operates two diverse but complementary businesses serving the refined CVR Energy, Inc. (NYSE: CVI) operates two diverse but complementary businesses serving the refined CVR Energy, Inc. (NYSE: CVI) operates two diverse but complementary businesses serving the refined petroleum products and nitrogen fertilizer markets in the Midcontinent of the United States. Benefiting from petroleum products and nitrogen fertilizer markets in the Midcontinent of the United States. Benefiting from petroleum products and nitrogen fertilizer markets in the Midcontinent of the United States. Benefiting from petroleum products and nitrogen fertilizer markets in the Midcontinent of the United States. Benefiting from the geographic advantage of being located at Coffeyville, Kansas, in the center of the agricultural heartland, the geographic advantage of being located at Coffeyville, Kansas, in the center of the agricultural heartland, the geographic advantage of being located at Coffeyville, Kansas, in the center of the agricultural heartland, the geographic advantage of being located at Coffeyville, Kansas, in the center of the agricultural heartland, CVR Energy is distinguished by its experienced and accomplished management team, flexible production CVR Energy is distinguished by its experienced and accomplished management team, flexible production CVR Energy is distinguished by its experienced and accomplished management team, flexible production facilities, and a commitment to safe and environmentally responsible operations and products. facilities, and a commitment to safe and environmentally responsible operations and products. facilities, and a commitment to safe and environmentally responsible operations and products. facilities, and a commitment to safe and environmentally responsible operations and products. facilities, and a commitment to safe and environmentally responsible operations and products. The company’s subsidiaries and affiliated businesses include an independent petroleum refiner that operates a The company’s subsidiaries and affiliated businesses include an independent petroleum refiner that operates a The company’s subsidiaries and affiliated businesses include an independent petroleum refiner that operates a The company’s subsidiaries and affiliated businesses include an independent petroleum refiner that operates a 115,000 barrel per day refinery in Coffeyville and markets high-value transportation fuels supplied to customers 115,000 barrel per day refinery in Coffeyville and markets high-value transportation fuels supplied to customers 115,000 barrel per day refinery in Coffeyville and markets high-value transportation fuels supplied to customers 115,000 barrel per day refinery in Coffeyville and markets high-value transportation fuels supplied to customers through tanker trucks and pipeline terminals; a 30,000 barrel per day crude oil gathering system serving Kansas, through tanker trucks and pipeline terminals; a 30,000 barrel per day crude oil gathering system serving Kansas, through tanker trucks and pipeline terminals; a 30,000 barrel per day crude oil gathering system serving Kansas, through tanker trucks and pipeline terminals; a 30,000 barrel per day crude oil gathering system serving Kansas, Oklahoma, eastern Colorado, western Missouri and southwestern Nebraska; a refined fuels and asphalt storage Oklahoma, eastern Colorado, western Missouri and southwestern Nebraska; a refined fuels and asphalt storage Oklahoma, eastern Colorado, western Missouri and southwestern Nebraska; a refined fuels and asphalt storage Oklahoma, eastern Colorado, western Missouri and southwestern Nebraska; a refined fuels and asphalt storage terminal business in Phillipsburg, Kansas; and through a limited partnership, an ammonia and urea ammonium terminal business in Phillipsburg, Kansas; and through a limited partnership, an ammonia and urea ammonium terminal business in Phillipsburg, Kansas; and through a limited partnership, an ammonia and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer manufacturing business located in Coffeyville. nitrate (UAN) fertilizer manufacturing business located in Coffeyville. nitrate (UAN) fertilizer manufacturing business located in Coffeyville. Cover photos – Top, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers plant; bottom, Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing refinery. Cover photos – Top, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers plant; bottom, Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing refinery. Cover photos – Top, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers plant; bottom, Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing refinery. CVR ENERGY’S COMPETITIVE POSITION CENTERS AROUND OUR TWO COMPLEMENTARY BUT DIVERSIFIED BUSINESSES. P. 1 financial highlights (Dollars in millions except per share data and as otherwise indicated) 2009 2008 2007 Financial Data net Sales Operating Income net Income (loss) adjusted for Unrealized Gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap* net Income Earnings Per Share, Basic Earnings Per Share, Diluted Pro Forma Earnings (loss) Per Share, Basic Pro Forma Earnings (loss) Per Share, Diluted Stockholders’ Equity Employees OPERating Data PETROLEUM BUSINESS net Sales Operating Income Total Crude, Feed & Blend Stocks Throughput (Bpd) Gross Profit Per Crude Oil Throughput Barrel NITROGEN FERTILIzER BUSINESS net Sales Operating Income ammonia Gross Production (Thousands of tons) ammonia (Net available for sale – thousands of tons) Uan Production (Thousands of tons) ammonia Pricing (Plant gate) (Dollars/ton) Uan Pricing (Plant gate) (Dollars/ton) $ 3,136.3 $ 5,016.1 $ 2,966.9 208.2 94.1 69.4 0.80 0.80 – – 653.8 667 2,934.9 170.2 120,239 5.42 208.4 48.9 435.2 156.6 677.7 314 198 148.7 11.2 163.9 1.90 1.90 – – 579.5 654 4,774.3 31.9 117,719 2.69 263.0 116.8 359.1 112.5 599.2 557 303 186.6 (5.6) (67.6) – – (0.78) (0.78) 432.7 584 2,806.2 144.9 82,065 7.79 165.9 46.6 326.7 91.8 576.9 376 211 P. 3 * net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap” is a non-GaaP financial measure and results from adjusting for the derivative “ transaction that was executed in connection with the acquisition of our business on June 24, 2005. The derivative took the form of three nYMEX swap agreements (the “Cash Flow Swap”) whereby if crack spreads fell below the fixed level, J. aron & Company (“J. aron”) agreed to pay the difference to us, and if crack spreads rose above the fixed level, we agreed to pay the difference to J. aron. We have determined that the Cash Flow Swap does not qualify as a hedge for hedge accounting purposes under current GaaP. as a result, our periodic statements of operations reflect in each period material amounts of unrealized gains and losses based on the increases or decreases in market value of the unsettled position under the Cash Flow Swap agreements which is accounted for as a liability on our balance sheet. as the crack spreads increased we were required to record an increase in this liability account with a corresponding expense entry to be made to our statement of operations. Conversely, as crack spreads declined we were required to record a decrease in the swap related liability and post a corresponding income entry to our statement of operations. Because of this inverse relationship between the economic outlook for our underlying business (as represented by crack spread levels) and the income impact of the unrealized gains and losses, and given the significant periodic fluctuations in the amounts of unrealized gains and losses, management utilizes net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap as a key indicator of our business performance. For more information see footnote 9 to Item 5, “Selected Financial Data,” in the Form 10-K attached hereto. The following is a reconciliation of net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap to net income (dollars in millions): net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap Plus: unrealized gain (loss) from Cash Flow Swap, net of taxes net income (loss) 2009 94.1 (24.7) 69.4 $ $ $ $ 2008 11.2 152.7 163.9 2007 (5.6) (62.0) (67.6) $ $ The Cash Flow Swap terminated effective October 8, 2009. We were permitted to terminate the Cash Flow Swap pursuant to an amendment to our credit agreement entered into on October 2, 2009. TO OUr stOckhOlDERs: aFTEr FIvE YEarS OF harD WOrK, WE havE nOW COMPlETED an aPPrOXIMaTElY $527 MIllIOn lOnG TErM Ca PITal I nvEST- MEnT Plan ThaT Cvr EnEr GY PUT I n PlaCE TO UPGraDE anD EXPanD ITS rEFInErY anD nITr OGEn FErTIlIzEr PlanT In COFFEYvI llE, KanSaS. That is good news for our company today because our low-cost, modernized facilities leave us competitively positioned to succeed even in challenging times like these. Despite all the volatility and uncertainty of the past year, our company turned in a profitable 2009. Net income for the year was $69.4 million, or $0.80 per fully diluted share, on net sales of $3,136.3 million. Our petroleum business reported operating income for the full year 2009 of $170.2 million on net sales of $2,934.9 million, and our nitrogen fertilizer business reported 2009 full year operating income of $48.9 million on net sales of $208.4 million. In the coming year, we will continue to manage conservatively and operate our businesses as if 2010 will be no better than the year just past. But, we do anticipate some economic growth beginning in the second half of 2010 and a sustained recovery in the years beyond. Looking ahead to better times, I would like to share with you why we believe we are poised to prosper from the economic recovery. aDJUSTED EBITDa * BY OPEra TInG SEGMEnT ($mm) SEGMEnT DIvErSIFICa TIOn (% of ADJUSTED EBITDA) $244.3 $56.7 81% 19% 2006 2007 2008 2009 $65.7 $66.7 $83.6 $140.3 $148.2 $76.6 2006 2007 2008 2009 50% 37% 66% 50% 63% 34% Petroleum EBITDA Fertilizer EBITDA Petroleum Fertilizer * adjusted EBITDa is a non-GaaP financial measure which can be useful in understanding Cvr Energy’s businesses. For a more complete discussion and reconciliation of adjusted EBITDa to operating income by segment, see the end note on page 22 of this report. Opposite page, left to right – The H2S absorber unit at the nitrogen fertilizer plant; John J. Lipinski, chairman, president and chief executive officer; the No. 2 crude unit at the refinery. P. 5 REFining assEts Under our capital plan, we added new units and expanded existing units in every area of the refinery. Crude and feed- stock throughput, which averaged approximately 98,300 barrels per day in 2005, now routinely exceeds an average 120,000 barrels per day. Five years ago we ran no heavy sour crude oil, whereas in recent times we have run up to 25,500 barrels per day of heavy sour crude oil. capacity in critical downstream units. In times past, the entire refinery was shut down to perform periodic maintenance turnarounds. As we move forward, we plan to bifurcate our turnarounds, allowing us to operate half the plant while the other half is in maintenance. This redundancy has proved valuable even now. We can take units off line for short outages without impacting our results as much as we did before we completed our expansion. When our new ultra low sulfur gasoline (ULSG) treater comes on line during the second quarter, our refinery complexity will rise to 12.9. In 2005, refinery complexity was 10.0. What sets our plant apart from many of our peers is our ability to process a wide range of crudes from light sweet to heavy sour while maintaining high utilization, high transportation fuel output and low cost. Our profitability is not singularly dependent on processing a particular type or grade of crude. Through the efforts of our technical staff, the refinery was redesigned to be more flexible and efficient. At the same time, we were able to increase surplus processing As always, we operate for maximum profitability, not maximum throughput. Crude economics is only one of our drivers. Having surplus downstream processing capa- bility, we can balance crude runs with increased processing of feedstocks and blendstocks. OuR OthER PEtROlEum BusinEssEs Crude selection is critical in maintaining refinery profitability. For us, a significant, and growing, supply comes from our crude gathering operations. We purchase crude at the wellhead from hundreds of producers, transport the crude in owned or leased trucks, and deliver this crude to our refinery using both wholly owned and P. 6 Left to right – Jeff Clark, an operating engineer, works at the refinery’s continuous catalytic reforming unit; a hydrodesulfurization reactor and heat exchangers at the refinery. third-party pipelines. On any given day, we have more than 70 trucks on the road picking up oil from eastern Colorado to western Missouri and from southern Nebraska to Oklahoma. Five years ago, the company gathered about 7,000 barrels per day in crude. In 2009, we averaged 27,500 barrels per day. Gathered crude provides a stable source of fairly priced crude for the refinery. We intend to grow this business. Earlier in 2010, the company completed a new injection station in Osage County, Oklahoma. With this additional station and other work we are doing, our capacity to gather crude will increase from approximately 30,000 bpd to 35,000 bpd. Similarly, CVR Energy expanded its product marketing during the past five years, utilizing 30 rack marketing terminals on the Magellan and NuStar pipelines in addition to two company owned terminals at Phillipsburg, Kansas, and Coffeyville. These new locations give us a more profitable outlet for our refined products. Our marketing philosophy is simple – add value to our product realizations by selectively rack marketing in key locations. nitROgEn FER tilizER BusinEss Our fertilizer business is anchored by a dual-train petro- leum coke gasification facility that produces hydrogen for conversion into ammonia and urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN). The dual train configuration provides high on-stream capability, and the proximity of the plant to our refinery provides a secure source of feedstock supply. During 2009, the plant produced 435,200 gross tons of ammonia, 156,600 tons of which were available for sale. The ammonia not sold was converted into 677,700 tons of UAN, a more valuable product. We produce about 6.4 percent of all UAN manufactured in the United States. Last year we served 28 states, Mexico and Canada utilizing our fleet of more than 600 rail cars. Our largest market, however, is much closer to home, that being the agricul- tural areas of Nebraska and Iowa to the north all the way to Texas in the south. All competing North American plants use more expensive natural gas as a feedstock. Ours, on the other hand, uses low cost petroleum coke. In addition, our high on-stream reliability is a meaningful contributor to our profitability, and we have a proven track record in that regard. Fertilizer provides the company with a more stable cash flow that is not tied to refining cycles. aDvantagEs Besides our asset base, CVR Energy has other competitive advantages that will see us through lean times and help us prosper in a growing economy. Located along the Kansas-Oklahoma border, CVR Energy supplies America’s agricultural heartland. This is traditionally an under- supplied market for refined petroleum products, and we enjoy transportation cost advantages for providing the region with both fuels and fertilizers. We can access pipeline, rail and truck transport for all our products. Also, through the crude oil trading hub at Cushing, Oklahoma, with access to its pipeline system and using our storage assets, we can acquire many of the world’s crude oils to feed our refinery. No list of advantages would be complete without mention of CVR Energy’s dedicated employees, many of whom have been employed by CVR Energy and its prede- cessor companies for most of their working lives. They are dependable people with Midwestern values who know every inch of our facilities. In large part it is because of them that we can consistently report reliable and safe operations. Perhaps most important, each member of CVR Energy’s senior management team has many years of experience, most having worked for industry-leading companies 30 years or more. This team has “been there before“ and knows how to manage in up cycles and down cycles. They have track records for expanding plants and improving assets, have proven records for safety and reliability, and have consistently demonstrated fiscal responsibility alongside operational excellence. WE aRE OPtimistic The national economy today is not as vibrant as all of us would like, and refinery economics have been challenging in the early days of 2010. However, nitrogen fertilizer markets have rebounded significantly since the lows hit mid 2009, and we believe a national economic recovery is beginning, even if the speed remains uncertain. Our company has shown it was well positioned to weather the economic downturn. Because of our solid business fundamentals and past investments, we believe we have emerged from these trying times as a better positioned company focused on taking advantage of our strengths and prospering in a renewed economy. As always, thank you for your continuing support of and belief in CVR Energy. Respectfully, JOhn J. liPinski Chairman, President and Chief Executive officer April 2010 COrPOraTE anD FInanCIal OvERviEW WITh COrPOraTE hEaDqUarTErS I n SUGar l anD, TEXaS, Cvr EnErGY (nYSE:CvI) OPEraTES TWO DIvEr SE BUT COMPlEMEn- TarY BUSInESSES WITh aDMIn ISTraTIvE OFFICES I n KanSaS CITY, KanSaS , anD PrODUCTIOn Fa CIlITIES I n COFFEYvIllE, KanSaS. As an independent petroleum refiner with a 115,000 barrel per day refinery in Coffeyville, company subsidiaries refine and market high value transportation fuels to PADD II, Group 3 in the American Midcontinent. In addition, through a limited partnership, the company manufactures ammonia and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizers in Coffeyville as well and markets them to the nation’s agricultural heartland and beyond. Supporting CVR Energy’s petroleum refining business, Coffeyville Resources petroleum subsidiaries operate a crude gathering system serving Kansas, Oklahoma, western Missouri, eastern Colorado and southwestern Nebraska; an approximately 145,000 bpd pipeline system that transports crude oil to the refinery and associated crude oil storage tanks; and a rack marketing division serving customers through terminals in Coffeyville and Phillipsburg, Kansas, and 30 other locations along the Magellan and NuStar pipeline systems. The fertilizer subsidiary, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, operates the only such plant in North America that uses petroleum coke instead of natural gas as its primary feedstock. At current natural gas prices, we believe CVR Energy’s fertilizer plant is one of the lowest cost producers of UAN solution in the United States. Left to right – Pressure swing absorption units at the nitrogen fertilizer plant; the continuous catalytic reforming unit against a backdrop of the refinery and adjacent nitrogen fertilizer plant; Keith Elliot, an engine operator at the refinery laboratory. P. 9 Located adjacent to the company’s refining operations, the nitrogen fertilizer subsidiary purchases petroleum coke from the refinery as a primary feedstock, satisfying approximately 74 percent of the fertilizer plant’s requirements. The fertilizer plant also purchases excess hydrogen from the refinery. 2009 REsults Despite the global economic recession, CVR Energy reported net income for the full year 2009 of $69.4 million, or $0.80 per fully diluted share, on net sales of $3,136.3 million. These results compare to net income for the full year 2008 of $163.9 million, or $1.90 per fully diluted share, on net sales of $5,016.1 million. Operating income for the full year in 2009 was $208.2 million, compared to $148.7 million in 2008. Results in both 2009 and 2008 were impacted by several items, including expenses or reversals thereof for share-based compensation of $7.3 million and $(32.4) million, respectively, and the impact of “unrealized gain or (loss) from cash flow swap” of $(24.7) million and $152.7 million, respectively. All of these amounts are net of tax. In addition, 2008 results were affected by the costs of a planned turnaround at the nitrogen fertilizer facility of $2.0 million and a goodwill impairment loss of $42.8 million. No such impairment charges occurred in 2009. Also, the company’s use of first-in/first-out accounting favorably impacted the 2009 results in the amount of $41.0 million net of income tax, whereas 2008 realized an unfavorable FIFO impact of $61.8 million net of income tax. Taking the above factors into account, adjusted net income for the full year 2009 was $60.4 million, or $0.70 per share, compared to adjusted net income for the full year 2008 of $85.4 million, or $0.99 per share. P. 10 Left to right – Workers remove slag near the main gasifier after hydrogen has been produced from the gasified petroleum coke; a sunset seen through the continuous catalytic reforming unit at the refinery; and a section of the gasifier flare system at the nitrogen fertilizer plant. MILESTONES Several milestones occurred in 2009 that were of significance to CVR Energy and its financial position. In July, subsidiary Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC agreed to extend the term of its crude oil supply agreement with Vitol, Inc. Under the amended agreement, Vitol will continue to provide crude oil supply and logistics intermediation on behalf of the company through Dec. 31, 2011. Then, in October, CVR Energy subsidiary Coffeyville Resources, LLC and its swap counter-party, J. Aron & Company, mutually agreed to terminate a cash flow swap that had been required under a lender agreement at the time of acquisition in 2005. Removal of the impacts of the cash flow swap allows more predictable and easily understood consolidated finan- cial results at CVR Energy. Finally, for most of 2009, the company benefitted from a continuing contango in the crude oil market, letting the company leverage its 3.9 million barrels of crude oil storage capacity. Late in the fourth quarter, the contango spread remained profitable but declined to a point where it became less of a benefit. As a result, the company began to reduce inventories held in its contango play and used cash proceeds to pay down $25 million of long term corporate debt as part of its ongoing focus on strengthening its balance sheet. PETrOlEUM BusinEss Cvr EnErGY’S 115,000 B arrEl PEr DaY (BPD) COMPl EX FUll COKInG SOUr CrUDE rEFInErY I n COFFEYvIllE, KanSaS , EnJOYS a GEOGraPhIC aDvanTaGE BY SUPPlYInG CUSTOMErS In ThE PaDD II, GrOUP 3 M arKET OF ThE aMEr ICan MIDCOn TInEnT WITh hIGh valUE TranSPOrTaTIOn FUElS. Besides its strong asset profile and experienced management team, the Coffeyville refinery’s chief advantage is that its market area is traditionally underserved by more than 20 percent. In addition, the location of the facility near its customers in the Farm Belt allows for lower product transportation costs. In support of the refinery, CVR Energy subsidiaries also operate a crude oil gathering system serving producers in Kansas, Oklahoma, eastern Colorado, western Missouri, and southwestern Nebraska; storage and terminal facilities for refined fuels and asphalt in Phillipsburg, Kansas; an approximately 145,000 bpd pipeline system in Kansas that transports crude oil to the refinery and associated storage tanks with a capacity of 1.2 million barrels; and a rack marketing division that supplies product through tanker trucks and third party pipelines to customers in Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma and South Dakota. As an additional advantage, the refinery is located just 100 miles north of the major crude oil trading and storage hub at Cushing, Oklahoma, where the company leases 2.7 million barrels of crude oil storage and has access to a wide variety of domestic and foreign varieties of crude oil. Added to the approximately 30,000 bpd capacity from its own domestic gathering system, access to a wide variety of additional domestic and foreign crudes at Cushing lets CVR Energy select the best blends to configure its refinery for optimal economic output. With completion of a new ultra low sulfur gasoline unit (ULSG) later this year, the refinery’s complexity index rating will increase to 12.9, providing for even more flexible operations. PEtROlEum sEgmEnt REsults The petroleum business reported full-year 2009 operating income of $170.2 million on net sales of $2,934.9 million, compared to operating income for the full year 2008 of $31.9 million on net sales of $4,774.3 million. Comparisons of the two years were affected by share-based compensation reversals, FIFO impacts and a goodwill impairment of $42.8 million taken in the fourth quarter of 2008. No impairment charge was taken in 2009. Full year 2009 petroleum results were favorably impacted by FIFO accounting practices in the amount of $67.9 million while the comparable results in 2008 were unfavorably impacted by FIFO accounting practices in the amount of $102.5 million. Share-based compensation adjustments for full year results in 2009 and 2008 were negative $3.7 million and negative $10.8 million, respectively. Revised for these factors, 2009 full-year adjusted operating income was $98.6 million compared to 2008 full-year operating income of $166.4 million. Opposite page – Pravin Utekar, a process engineer, takes temperature readings at the refinery; a customer truck picks up transportation fuels at the Coffeyville terminal. Below – An aerial view of the refinery and adjacent nitrogen fertilizer plant, looking northeast. P. 13 P. 14 Above – Ben Lai, a process engineer, climbs to inspect a unit at the refinery. PEtROlEum OPERatiOns Although the refinery carries a nameplate capacity of 115,000 bpd for crude oil, the facility averaged total throughput of 120,239 barrels per day in 2009, including crude oil, feedstocks and blendstocks, with total crude oil throughput at 108,226 barrels per day. In 2008, the refinery averaged 117,719 bpd total throughput including crude, feedstocks and blendstocks, with total crude oil throughput of 105,837 bpd. The company produced 62,309 bpd of gasoline in 2009 compared to 56,852 bpd in 2008. Distillate production was 46,909 bpd in 2009 compared to 48,257 bpd in 2008. Adjusting production to fit market demand, gasoline made up 51.6 percent of production in 2009, up from 48.0 percent in 2008; distillate made up 38.8 percent of production in 2009 versus 40.7 percent in 2008. In 2009, the refinery ran 68.7 percent sweet crudes, 13.0 percent light/medium sours, and 8.3 percent heavy sours. That compares to 65.7 percent sweet crudes, 14.3 percent light/medium sours, and 10.0 percent heavy sours in 2008. Blendstocks and feedstocks represented the remaining 10.0 percent of total throughput in each year. Gross profit per barrel was $5.42 for the full year 2009 compared to gross profit per barrel of $2.69 per barrel for 2008. Direct operating expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, dropped in 2009 to $3.58 per barrel from $3.91 per barrel in 2008. CVR Energy subsidiaries market products throughout the Midcontinent, primarily from its rack marketing terminals in Coffeyville and Phillipsburg, Kansas, as well as from 30 other leased terminals along the Magellan and NuStar pipelines in Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas and South Dakota. The number of rack marketing terminals has grown steadily each year from a base of only two terminals in Kansas five years ago, one at Coffeyville and one at Phillipsburg. Similarly, CVR Energy’s crude gathering system has grown from a capacity of just 7,000 bpd when the company was acquired in 2005 to today’s capacity of 35,000 bpd with the completion of a new injection station in Osage County, Oklahoma, early this year. In the fourth quarter of 2009, CVR Energy physically gathered approximately 28,400 bpd despite the impact of several winter storms. The refinery’s capacity utilization topped 94 percent for 2009. The next major turnaround is scheduled for fall 2011. PETrOlEUM rEFInInG MarGInS & EXPEnSES* aCCESS TO CrUDE OIl lEGEnD $13.30 $15.66 $11.03 Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing and Nitrogen Fertilizers Foreign Crude Coffeyville Resources Refined Fuel Products/ Asphalt Terminal Coffeyville Resources Crude Transportation Offshore Deepwater Crude Coffeyville Resources Crude Oil Pipeline Third-Party Crude Oil Pipeline Corporate Headquarters $3.92 $3.84 $3.91 $3.58 $8.93 2006 2007* 2008 2009 Adjusted Refining Margin per Barrel Direct Opex (before D&A) per Barrel * 2007 margins and expenses are adjusted for impacts of a flood on the refinery. In addition, refining margin and refining margin adjusted for FIFO impact are non-GaaP financial measures, which can be useful in understanding Cvr Energy’s business. For a more complete discussion of refining margin and refining margin adjusted for FIFO impact, see the end note on page 22 of this report. TErMInalS lEGEnD Magellan Pipeline NuStar Pipeline Enterprise Pipeline Corporate Headquarters TErMInalS aCCESS TO Cr UDE OIl South Dakota Sioux Falls South Dakota Sioux Falls Nebraska Norfolk North Platte Columbus Doniphan Denver Phillipsburg Scott City Great Bend Colorado Kansas Salina Wichita Milford Fort Dodge Iowa Sioux City Waterloo Omaha Des Moines Bettendorf Lincoln Geneva Concordia Wathena Iowa City Palmyra Kansas City Topeka Olathe Columbia El Dorado Coffeyville Missouri Springfield Enid Tulsa Ft. Smith Oklahoma City Oklahoma Arkansas Texas Nebraska Iowa Sioux City Omaha Des Moines From Canada Phillipsburg Plainville Topeka Kansas City Valley Center Kansas Humboldt Columbia Wichita Plains Pipeline Jayhawk Pipeline Winfield Broome Coffeyville Missouri Shidler Cushing Bartlesville Tulsa Oklahoma City Sun Pipeline Wichita Falls Oklahoma Arkansas Seaway Pipeline Midland Corsicana Texas Sugar Land Freeport Nederland Houston Houma nITrOGEn FEr TIlIzEr BusinEss ThrOUGh a lIMITED ParTnErShIP, Cvr EnErGY OWnS anD OPEraTES a nITrOGEn FErTIlIzEr BUSInESS ThaT, USInG PETrOlEUM COKE aS ITS PrIMar Y FEEDSTOCK, MaKES aPPrOXI- MaTElY 6.4 PErCEnT OF ThE UrEa aMMOnIUM nITraTE (Uan) FErTIlIzEr SOlUTIOn PrODUCED In ThE UnITED ST aTES. Because all other UAN manufacturers in the Western Hemisphere use natural gas for their feedstocks, CVR Energy’s petroleum coke-based fertilizer process is the only one of its kind in North America. We believe at current natural gas prices, it is also one of the lowest cost producers of UAN in the United States. Petroleum coke is a coal-like, low-value by-product of refineries. Feeding its dual-train coke gasifiers in its facility located adjacent to the company’s Coffeyville, Kansas, refining operations, CVR Energy’s nitrogen fertilizer subsidiary has sourced about 74 percent of its petroleum coke needs during the past five years from the company’s refinery. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer business purchases excess hydrogen production from the refinery when it is available. In 2009, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC produced 435,200 gross tons of ammonia, of which 278,600 tons were upgraded to 677,700 net tons of more valuable UAN. That compares to 359,100 gross tons of ammonia in 2008, of which 246,600 tons were upgraded to 599,200 net tons of UAN. FERtilizER sE gmEnt REsults The nitrogen fertilizer business reported 2009 full year operating income of $48.9 million on net sales of $208.4 million, compared to full year operating income of $116.8 million in 2008 on net sales of $263.0 million. In 2009, average realized sales price for ammonia at the plant gate was $314 per ton, and the average realized sales price for UAN at the plant gate was $198 per ton. That compares to average realized plant gate sales prices for ammonia and UAN in 2008 of $557 per ton and $303 per ton, respectively. Following unprecedented high pricing levels in early 2008, nitrogen fertilizer prices in the United States fell dramatically in the last half of 2008 and bottomed out in June 2009. Since then prices have improved steadily toward more historically normal levels. However, because the CVR Energy nitrogen fertilizer business sells much of its ammonia and UAN production on a delivered basis and the company carries a substantial book of forward orders, spot prices that improved later in 2009 were not fully reflected in the full year average realized prices. Substantially improved prices seen in the second half of 2009 will increasingly show up in 2010 results as lower priced orders roll off the books. Opposite page – Acid gas removal units at the nitrogen fertilizer plant. Below – Operator Brian Richardson and Shift Supervisor Devin Waisner confer at the nitrogen fertilizer plant; process towers at the fertilizer plant. P. 17 P. 18 Left to right – Parked among rail cars on a siding near the nitrogen fertilizer plant, some await loading with UAN solution; petroleum coke feedstock travels through a covered conveyor to the gasifier at the nitrogen fertilizer plant. FERtilizER OPERatiOns The nitrogen fertilizer facility continued in 2009 what has become its tradition of reliable operations, setting annual production records for both ammonia and UAN. The gasification units achieved an annual on-stream time of 97.4 percent, ammonia was on-stream 96.5 percent of the time, and UAN posted a 94.1 percent on-stream time. Adjusted to remove the impact of an outage at a third party air separation unit, on-stream times were 99.3 percent for the gasifiers, 98.4 percent for ammonia and 96.1 percent for UAN. Because the nitrogen fertilizer operation has high fixed costs and low variable costs, such reliability is the key to the fertilizer segment’s profitability. Ammonia and UAN output are marketed largely to nearby agricultural suppliers, with Kansas, Nebraska and Texas each taking more than 100,000 tons of company fertilizer production. In addition, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Colorado, Arizona, Washington and California also represent strong markets. Located in the Midcontinent with good access to rail and interstate truck lines, the company delivers fertilizer products to nearly every state west of the Mississippi River. FErTIlIzEr PrOCESS Linde Air Separation Unit Slag Gasifier (2 Units) Hydrogen Nitrogen Syngas (Hydrogen) Coke Coke Hydrogen Third-Party Coke Suppliers CVR Energy’s CVR Energy’s CVR Energy’s Oil Refinery Oil Refinery Ammonia Synthesis Ammonia UAN Synthesis Ammonia Product UAN Product On-STrEaM FaCTOr* 2006 2007 2008 2009 97% 94% 94% 95% 92% 84% 92% 90% 87% 99% 98% 96% Gasifier Ammonia UAN * On-stream factor is the total number of hours operated divided by the total number of hours in the reporting period, excluding the impact of 2008 turnaround and the 2007 flood at the fertilizer facility. adjusted for linde air separation outage in april 2009. TOnS OF FErTIlIzEr SOlD In 2009 100,000+ Rail Distribution 10,000 to 100,000 Corporate Headquarters Up to 10,000 Coffeyville 10,000 to 100,000 tons also shipped to eastern locations FErTIlIzEr SalES ThE rIGhT WaY tO DO BusinEss YEar aFTEr YEar, Cvr EnErGY’S BUSIn ESSES COnTIn UE TO PrODUCE SOlID rESUlTS I n ThE arEaS OF EnvIrOn MEnTal, hEalTh anD SaFETY. In June 2009, refinery employees reached another safety milestone by working two years without a lost-time accident. Nitrogen fertilizer employees celebrated one year without a lost-time accident in January 2010. These safety milestones are a result of the continuous effort by management and employees to maintain safe operations, which requires a balance of personal and process safety. Personal safety employs formal behavioral-based programs with the goals of increased awareness of safety issues and continuous improvement in practices and procedures to prevent accidents and incidents. Along with the emphasis on personal safety, CVR Energy equally focuses on process safety. Operator, maintenance and supervisory training programs remain a companywide priority, with substantial investments in equipment, reliability and mechanical integrity programs. Left to right – Tank cars on a siding near the Phillipsburg, Kansas, refined products and asphalt terminal; spring growth frames the continuous catalytic reforming unit at Coffeyville, Kansas. P. 21 In all of CVR Energy’s businesses, compliance with environmental and safety rules and regulations remains a top priority, as evidenced by the company’s compliance assurance programs and commitment to quality products. CVR Energy’s management and employees know that the company cannot be truly successful unless it excels in the areas of environmental, health and safety. cOmmunitY RElatiOns In addition, CVR Energy is committed to being a good corporate citizen in the communities where it does business and where its employees live and work. This commitment to the community extends beyond long-standing financial and volunteer support for local civic development, education, youth, social welfare and community health programs. CVR Energy also works hard to maintain meaningful personal relationships between management and community leaders. For example, in Coffeyville, senior managers meet regularly with a Community Advisory Panel, which consists of civic and business leaders, as well as educators, residents and elected officials, to encourage two-way communications and inform panel members about business plans and progress. This 11-year-old program has helped CVR Energy build a bridge of mutual respect and trust between the company and the community. At CVR Energy, the company’s leaders believe this is the right way to do business. In this report, we refer to “Adjusted EBITDA” and “Adjusted Refining Margins.” These are non-GAAP measures that we believe are important to understanding fully the company’s results. Discussions and reconciliations for how we arrived at these measures follow: FROm PagE 5 – aDJustED EBitDa BY OPERating sEgmEnt Below is a table that reconciles adjusted EBITDA by operating segment to operating income by operating segment. (in millions) PETROLEUM ADjUSTED EBITDA Major Scheduled Turnaround Expense Flood Expenses, net FIFO Impacts (Favorable), Unfavorable realized loss on Derivatives, net Depreciation and amortization Interest Income Other Income (Expense) Petroleum Operating Income NITROGEN ADjUSTED EBITDA Major Scheduled Turnaround Expense P. 22 Flood Expenses, net Depreciation and amortization Interest Income Other Income (Expense) nitrogen Operating Income twelve months Ended 2009 2008 $ 148.2 $ 83.6 $ – 0.6 (67.9) (21.0) 64.4 1.6 0.3 170.2 76.6 – – 18.7 9.0 – $ $ – 6.4 102.5 (121.0) 62.7 0.2 0.9 31.9 140.3 3.3 – 18.0 2.0 0.2 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2007 65.7 76.4 36.7 (69.9) (172.6) 49.8 0.2 0.3 144.8 66.7 – 2.4 17.6 – 0.1 $ 48.9 $ 116.8 $ 46.6 $ 2006 244.3 4.0 – 1.0 (38.4) 33.0 0.2 (1.1) 245.6 56.7 2.6 – 17.1 – 0.2 36.8 adjusted EBITDa by operating segment results from adjusting operating income by segment for items that the company believes are needed in order to evaluate results in a more comparative analysis from period to period. For the twelve months ended Dec. 31, 2009, 2008, 2007, and 2006, these items included major scheduled turnaround expense, net flood expenses, the company’s impact of the accounting for its inventory under FIFO, net realized losses on derivatives, depreciation and amortization, interest income, and other income (expense). adjusted EBITDa by operating segment is not a recognized term under GaaP and should not be substituted for operating income as a measure of our performance but rather should be utilized as a supplemental measure of financial performance in evaluating our business. Management believes that adjusted EBITDa by operating segment provides relevant and useful information that enables investors to better understand and evaluate our ongoing operating results and allow for greater transparency in the review of our overall financial, operational and economic performance. FROm PagE 15 – aDJustED REFining maRgin PER BaRREl Below is a table illustrating refining margin, as adjusted for FIFO impact. For more information, see our earnings releases for the fourth quarters and fiscal years ended Dec. 31, 2008 and 2009. twelve months Ended 2009 2008 2007 2006 PEtROlEum OPERating statistic (PER cRuDE Oil thROughPut BaRREl) refining Margin(1) $ 10.65 $ FIFO Impact (Favorable) Unfavorable refining Margin adjusted for FIFO Impact(2) (1.72) 8.93 $ 8.39 2.64 11.03 18.17 (2.51) 15.66 $ 13.27 .03 13.30 (1) refining margin is a measurement calculated as the difference between net sales and cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). refining margin is a non-GaaP measure that we believe is important to investors in evaluating our refinery’s performance as a general indication of the amount above our cost of product sold that we are able to sell refined products. Each of the components used in this calculation (net sales and cost of product sold exclusive of depreciation and amortization) can be taken directly from our statement of operations. Our calculation of refining margin may differ from similar calculations of other companies in our industry, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. In order to derive the refining margin per crude oil throughput barrel, we utilize the total dollar figures for refining margin as derived above and divide by the applicable number of crude oil throughput barrels for the period. We believe that refining margin is important to enable investors to better understand and evaluate our ongoing operating results and allow for greater transparency in the review of our overall financial, operational and economic performance. (2) refining margin adjusted for FIFO impact is a measurement calculated as the difference between net sales and cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) adjusted for FIFO impacts. Under our FIFO accounting method, changes in crude oil prices can cause fluctuations in the inventory valuation of our crude oil, work in process and finished goods, thereby resulting in favorable FIFO impacts when crude oil prices increase and unfavorable FIFO impacts when crude oil prices decrease. refining margin adjusted for FIFO impact is a non-GaaP measure that we believe is important to investors in evaluating our refinery’s performance as a general indication of the amount above our cost of product sold (taking into account the impact of our utilization of FIFO) that we are able to sell refined products. Our calculation of refining margin adjusted for FIFO impact may differ from calculations of other companies in our industry, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (Mark One) ¥ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 OR n TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number: 001-33492 CVR Energy, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500 Sugar Land, Texas (Address of Principal Executive Offices) 61-1512186 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 77479 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (281) 207-3200 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share The New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes n Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the No ¥ Act. Yes n No ¥ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ¥ No n. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 or Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes n No n. Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. n Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer n Accelerated filer ¥ Non-accelerated filer n Smaller reporting company n (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes n The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant computed based on No ¥ the New York Stock Exchange closing price on June 30, 2009 (the last day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter) was $168,686,023. Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. Class Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share Outstanding at March 10, 2010 86,329,237 shares Document Proxy Statement for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 19, 2010 Parts Incorporated Items 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Part III Documents Incorporated By Reference TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 2. Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 3. PART II Item 4. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 5. Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 6. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . Item 6A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 7. Item 8. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . . Item 8A. Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 8B. Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART III Item 9. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 10. Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Item 11. Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 12. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal Accounting Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 13. Page 3 16 37 37 37 38 40 44 84 87 139 139 139 139 139 140 140 140 Item 14. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 PART IV i The following are definitions of certain industry terms used in this Form 10-K. GLOSSARY OF SELECTED TERMS 2-1-1 crack spread — The approximate gross margin resulting from processing two barrels of crude oil to produce one barrel of gasoline and one barrel of distillate. The 2-1-1 crack spread is expressed in dollars per barrel. Ammonia — Ammonia is a direct application fertilizer and is primarily used as a building block for other nitrogen products for industrial applications and finished fertilizer products. Backwardation market — Market situation in which futures prices are lower in succeeding delivery months. Also known as an inverted market. The opposite of contango. Barrel — Common unit of measure in the oil industry which equates to 42 gallons. Blendstocks — Various compounds that are combined with gasoline or diesel from the crude oil refining process to make finished gasoline and diesel fuel; these may include natural gasoline, fluid catalytic cracking unit or FCCU gasoline, ethanol, reformate or butane, among others. bpd — Abbreviation for barrels per day. Bulk sales — Volume sales through third party pipelines, in contrast to tanker truck quantity sales. Capacity — Capacity is defined as the throughput a process unit is capable of sustaining, either on a calendar or stream day basis. The throughput may be expressed in terms of maximum sustainable, nameplate or economic capacity. The maximum sustainable or nameplate capacities may not be the most economical. The economic capacity is the throughput that generally provides the greatest economic benefit based on considerations such as feedstock costs, product values and downstream unit constraints. Catalyst — A substance that alters, accelerates, or instigates chemical changes, but is neither produced, consumed nor altered in the process. Coker unit — A refinery unit that utilizes the lowest value component of crude oil remaining after all higher value products are removed, further breaks down the component into more valuable products and converts the rest into pet coke. Common units — The class of interests issued under the limited liability company agreements governing Coffeyville Acquisition LLC, Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition III LLC, which provide for voting rights and have rights with respect to profits and losses of, and distributions from, the respective limited liability companies. Contango market — Markets that are characterized by prices for future delivery that are higher than the current or spot price of the commodity. Corn belt — The primary corn producing region of the United States, which includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio and Wisconsin. Crack spread — A simplified calculation that measures the difference between the price for light products and crude oil. For example, the 2-1-1 crack spread is often referenced and represents the approximate gross margin resulting from processing two barrels of crude oil to produce one barrel of gasoline and one barrel of distillate. Distillates — Primarily diesel fuel, kerosene and jet fuel. Ethanol — A clear, colorless, flammable oxygenated hydrocarbon. Ethanol is typically produced chemi- cally from ethylene, or biologically from fermentation of various sugars from carbohydrates found in agricultural crops and cellulosic residues from crops or wood. It is used in the United States as a gasoline octane enhancer and oxygenate. Farm belt — Refers to the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconsin. 1 Feedstocks — Petroleum products, such as crude oil and natural gas liquids, that are processed and blended into refined products. Heavy crude oil — A relatively inexpensive crude oil characterized by high relative density and viscosity. Heavy crude oils require greater levels of processing to produce high value products such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Independent petroleum refiner — A refiner that does not have crude oil exploration or production operations. An independent refiner purchases the crude oil used as feedstock in its refinery operations from third parties. Light crude oil — A relatively expensive crude oil characterized by low relative density and viscosity. Light crude oils require lower levels of processing to produce high value products such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Magellan — Magellan Midstream Partners L.P., a publicly traded company whose business is the transportation, storage and distribution of refined petroleum products. MMBtu — One million British thermal units or Btu: a measure of energy. One Btu of heat is required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. Natural gas liquids — Natural gas liquids, often referred to as NGLs, are both feedstocks used in the manufacture of refined fuels and are products of the refining process. Common NGLs used include propane, isobutane, normal butane and natural gasoline. PADD II — Midwest Petroleum Area for Defense District which includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennes- see, and Wisconsin. Petroleum coke (Pet coke) — A coal-like substance that is produced during the refining process. Refined products — Petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel, that are produced by a refinery. Sour crude oil — A crude oil that is relatively high in sulfur content, requiring additional processing to remove the sulfur. Sour crude oil is typically less expensive than sweet crude oil. Spot market — A market in which commodities are bought and sold for cash and delivered immediately. Sweet crude oil — A crude oil that is relatively low in sulfur content, requiring less processing to remove the sulfur. Sweet crude oil is typically more expensive than sour crude oil. Throughput — The volume processed through a unit or a refinery. Turnaround — A periodically required standard procedure to refurbish and maintain a refinery that involves the shutdown and inspection of major processing units and occurs every three to four years. UAN — A solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water used as a fertilizer. Wheat belt — The primary wheat producing region of the United States, which includes Oklahoma, Kansas, North Dakota, South Dakota and Texas. WTI — West Texas Intermediate crude oil, a light, sweet crude oil, characterized by an American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, between 39 and 41 and a sulfur content of approximately 0.4 weight percent that is used as a benchmark for other crude oils. WTS — West Texas Sour crude oil, a relatively light, sour crude oil characterized by an API gravity of 30-32 degrees and a sulfur content of approximately 2.0 weight percent. Yield — The percentage of refined products that is produced from crude oil and other feedstocks. 2 Item 1. Business PART I CVR Energy, Inc. and, unless the context otherwise requires, its subsidiaries (“CVR Energy”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) is an independent petroleum refiner and marketer of high value transporta- tion fuels. In addition, we currently own all of the interests (other than the managing general partner interest and associated incentive distribution rights (the “IDRs”)) in CVR Partners, LP (the “Partnership”), a limited partnership which produces nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonia and UAN. Our petroleum business includes a 115,000 bpd complex full coking medium-sour crude oil refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas. In addition to the refinery, we own and operate supporting businesses that include: (cid:129) a crude oil gathering system serving Kansas, Oklahoma, western Missouri, eastern Colorado and southwestern Nebraska; (cid:129) a 145,000 bpd pipeline system that transports crude oil to our refinery with 1.2 million barrels of associated company-owned storage tanks and an additional 2.7 million barrels of leased storage capacity located at Cushing, Oklahoma; (cid:129) a rack marketing division supplying product through tanker trucks directly to customers located in close geographic proximity to Coffeyville and Phillipsburg and to customers at throughput terminals on Magellan refined products distribution systems and NuStar Energy, LP (“NuStar”); and (cid:129) storage and terminal facilities for asphalt and refined fuels in Phillipsburg, Kansas. The nitrogen fertilizer business consists of a nitrogen fertilizer plant in Coffeyville, Kansas that includes two pet coke gasifiers. The nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facility is comprised of (1) a 1,225 ton-per-day ammonia unit, (2) a 2,025 ton-per-day UAN unit and (3) a dual train gasifier complex each with a capacity of 84 million standard cubic foot per day. The nitrogen fertilizer business is the only operation in North America that utilizes a pet coke gasification process to produce ammonia (based on data provided by Blue Johnson & Associates). A majority of the ammonia produced by the nitrogen fertilizer plant is further upgraded to UAN fertilizer (a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water used as a fertilizer). By using pet coke (a coal- like substance that is produced during the refining process) instead of natural gas as a primary raw material, at current natural gas and pet coke prices, we believe the nitrogen fertilizer plant business is one of the lowest cost producers and marketers of ammonia and UAN fertilizers in North America. We have two business segments: petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we generated combined net sales of $3.1 billion, $5.0 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, and operating income of $208.2 million, $148.7 million and $186.6 million, respectively. Our petroleum business generated $2.9 billion, $4.8 billion and $2.8 billion of our combined net sales, respectively, over these periods, with the nitrogen fertilizer business generating substantially all of the remainder. In addition, during these periods, our petroleum business contributed $170.2 million, $31.9 million and $144.9 million of our combined operating income, respectively, with the nitrogen fertilizer business contributing substantially all of the remainder. Our History Our refinery, which began operations in 1906, and the nitrogen fertilizer plant, built in 2000, were operated as components of Farmland Industries, Inc. (“Farmland”), an agricultural cooperative, and its predecessors until March 3, 2004. Coffeyville Resources, LLC (“CRLLC”), a subsidiary of Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC, won a bankruptcy court auction for Farmland’s petroleum business and a nitrogen fertilizer plant located in Coffeyville, Kansas and completed the purchase of these assets on March 3, 2004. Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC operated our business from March 3, 2004 through June 24, 2005. 3 On June 24, 2005, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement dated May 15, 2005, Coffeyville Acquisition LLC (“CALLC”), which was formed in Delaware on May 13, 2005 by certain funds affiliated with Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Kelso & Company, L.P. (the “Goldman Sachs Funds” and the “Kelso Funds,” respectively), acquired all of the subsidiaries of Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC. CALLC operated our business from June 24, 2005 until CVR Energy’s initial public offering in October 2007. CVR Energy was formed in September 2006 as a subsidiary of CALLC in order to consummate an initial public offering of the businesses operated by CALLC. Immediately prior to CVR Energy’s initial public offering in October 2007: (cid:129) CALLC transferred all of its businesses to CVR Energy in exchange for all of CVR Energy’s common stock; (cid:129) CALLC was effectively split into two entities, with the Kelso Funds controlling CALLC and the Goldman Sachs Funds controlling Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC (“CALLC II”) and CVR Energy’s senior management receiving an equivalent position in each of the two entities; (cid:129) we transferred our nitrogen fertilizer business to the Partnership in exchange for all of the partnership interests in the Partnership; and (cid:129) we sold all of the interests of the managing general partner of the Partnership to an entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management at fair market value on the date of the transfer. CVR Energy consummated its initial public offering on October 26, 2007. CVR is a controlled company under the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) where its shares are traded under the symbol “CVI.” At December 31, 2009, approximately 64% of CVR’s outstanding shares were beneficially owned by the Goldman Sachs Funds (28%) and Kelso Funds (36%). 4 Organizational Structure and Related Ownership as of December 31, 2009 The following chart illustrates our organizational structure and the organizational structure of the Partnership: Kelso Funds and Senior Management of CVR Energy, Inc. Goldman Sachs Funds and Senior Management of CVR Energy, Inc. Coffeyville Acquisition LLC 36.41% Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC 27.87% Goldman Sachs Funds, Kelso Funds and Senior Management of CVR Energy, Inc. CVR Energy, Inc. Public 35.72% Coffeyville Refining & Marketing Holdings, Inc. Coffeyville Acquisition III LLC CVR GP, LLC* (Managing General Partner or Fertilizer GP) Coffeyville Nitrogen Fertilizers, Inc. Coffeyville Refining & Marketing, Inc. Coffeyville Resources, LLC Credit Facility CVR Special GP, LLC (Special General Partner) Managing General Partner Interest and IDRs Special GP Interest (99.9%) LP Interest (0.1%) CVR Partners, LP (the Partnership) Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC Fertilizer Business Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC Refining Business * CVR GP, LLC, which we refer to as Fertilizer GP, is the managing general partner of CVR Partners, LP. As managing general partner, Fertilizer GP holds incentive distribution rights, or IDRs, which entitle it to receive increasing percentages of the Partnership’s quarterly distributions if the Partnership increases its distributions above an amount specified in the limited partnership agreement. 5 Petroleum Business We operate a 115,000 bpd complex full coking medium-sour crude oil refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas. Our refinery’s production capacity represents approximately 15% of our region’s output. The facility is situated on approximately 440 acres in southeast Kansas, approximately 100 miles from Cushing, Oklahoma, a major crude oil trading and storage hub. For the year ended December 31, 2009, our refinery’s product yield included gasoline (mainly regular unleaded) (52%), diesel fuel (primarily ultra low sulfur diesel) (39%), and pet coke and other refined products such as NGC (propane, butane), slurry, reformer feeds, sulfur, gas oil and produced fuel (9%). Our petroleum business also includes the following auxiliary operating assets: (cid:129) Crude Oil Gathering System. We own and operate a crude oil gathering system serving Kansas, Oklahoma, western Missouri, eastern Colorado and southwestern Nebraska. The system has field offices in Bartlesville, Oklahoma and Plainville and Winfield, Kansas. The system is comprised of approxi- mately 300 miles of feeder and trunk pipelines, 71 trucks, and associated storage facilities for gathering sweet Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Colorado crude oils purchased from independent crude producers. We also lease a section of a pipeline from Magellan, which is incorporated into our crude oil gathering system. Our crude oil gathering system has a gathering capacity in excess of 30,000 bpd. Gathered crude oil provides a base supply of feedstock for our refinery and serves as an attractive and competitive supply of crude oil. (cid:129) Phillipsburg Terminal. We own storage and terminalling facilities for refined fuels and asphalt in Phillipsburg, Kansas. The asphalt storage and terminalling facilities are used to receive, store and redeliver asphalt for another oil company for a fee pursuant to an asphalt services agreement. (cid:129) Pipelines. We own a proprietary pipeline system capable of transporting approximately 145,000 bpd of crude oil from Caney, Kansas to our refinery. Crude oils sourced outside of our proprietary gathering system are delivered by common carrier pipelines into various terminals in Cushing, Oklahoma, where they are blended and then delivered to Caney, Kansas via a pipeline owned by Plains Pipeline L.P. (“Plains”). We also own associated crude oil storage tanks with a capacity of approximately 1.2 million barrels located outside our refinery. Our refinery’s complexity allows us to optimize the yields (the percentage of refined product that is produced from crude oil and other feedstocks) of higher value transportation fuels (gasoline and distillate). Complexity is a measure of a refinery’s ability to process lower quality crude oil in an economic manner. As a result of key investments in our refining assets, our refinery’s complexity score has increased to 12.2, and we have achieved significant increases in our refinery crude oil throughput rate over historical levels. Our higher complexity provides us the flexibility to increase our refining margin over comparable refiners with lower complexities. Feedstocks Supply Our refinery has the capability to process blends of a variety of crude oil ranging from heavy sour to light sweet crude oil. Currently, our refinery processes crude oil from a broad array of sources. We have access to foreign crude oil from Latin America, South America, West Africa, the Middle East, the North Sea and Canada. We purchase domestic crude oil from Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Texas, Colorado, North Dakota, Missouri, and offshore deepwater Gulf of Mexico production. While crude oil has historically constituted over 90% of our feedstock inputs during the last five years, other feedstock inputs include normal butane, natural gasoline, alky feed, naphtha, gas oil and vacuum tower bottoms. Crude oil is supplied to our refinery through our wholly-owned gathering system and by pipeline. We have continued to increase the number of barrels of crude oil supplied through our crude oil gathering system in 2009 and now have the capacity of supplying in excess of 30,000 bpd of crude oil to the refinery. For 2009, the gathering system supplied approximately 25% of the refinery’s crude oil demand. Locally produced crude oils are delivered to the refinery at a discount to WTI, and although slightly heavier and more sour, offer good 6 economics to the refinery. These crude oils are light and sweet enough to allow us to blend higher percentages of lower cost crude oils such as heavy sour Canadian while maintaining our target medium sour blend with an API gravity of 28-36 degrees and 0.9-1.2% sulfur. Crude oils sourced outside of our proprietary gathering system are delivered to Cushing, Oklahoma by various pipelines including Seaway, Basin and Spearhead and subsequently to Coffeyville via the Plains pipeline and our own 145,000 bpd proprietary pipeline system. For the year ended December 31, 2009, our crude oil supply blend was comprised of approximately 76% light sweet crude oil, 15% medium/light sour crude oil and 9% heavy sour crude oil. The light sweet crude oil includes our locally gathered crude oil. For 2009, we obtained approximately 75% of the crude oil for our refinery, under a Crude Oil Supply Agreement effective December 31, 2008 (the “Supply Agreement”) with Vitol Inc. (“Vitol”). The Supply Agreement, whereby Vitol agreed to supply crude oil and intermediation logistics, had an initial term of two years. On July 7, 2009, we entered into an amendment to the Supply Agreement, which extended the initial term from two to three years ending December 31, 2011. Our crude oil intermediation agreement helps us reduce our inventory position and mitigate crude oil pricing risk. Marketing and Distribution We focus our petroleum product marketing efforts in the central mid-continent and Rocky Mountain areas because of their relative proximity to our refinery and their pipeline access. We engage in rack marketing, which is the supply of product through tanker trucks directly to customers located in close geographic proximity to our refinery and Phillipsburg terminal and to customers at throughput terminals on Magellan’s and NuStar’s refined products distribution systems. For the year ended December 31, 2009, approximately 31% of the refinery’s products were sold through the rack system directly to retail and wholesale customers while the remaining 69% was sold through pipelines via bulk spot and term contracts. We make bulk sales (sales into third party pipelines) into the mid-continent markets via Magellan and into Colorado and other destinations utilizing the product pipeline networks owned by Magellan, Enterprise Products Operating, L.P. (“Enterprise”) and NuStar. Customers Customers for our petroleum products include other refiners, convenience store companies, railroads and farm cooperatives. We have bulk term contracts in place with many of these customers, which typically extend from a few months to one year in length. For the year ended December 31, 2009, QuikTrip Corporation accounted for 14% of our petroleum business sales and 68% of our petroleum sales were made to our ten largest customers. We sell bulk products based on industry market related indices such as Platts, Oil Price Information Service (“OPIS”) or at a spot market price based on a Group 3 differential to the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”). Through our rack marketing division, the rack sales are at daily posted prices which are influenced by the NYMEX, competitor pricing and Group 3 spot market differentials. Competition Our petroleum business competes primarily on the basis of price, reliability of supply, availability of multiple grades of products and location. The principal competitive factors affecting our refining operations are cost of crude oil and other feedstock costs, refinery complexity, refinery efficiency, refinery product mix and product distribution and transportation costs. The location of our refinery provides us with a reliable supply of crude oil and a transportation cost advantage over our competitors. We primarily compete against seven refineries operated in the mid-continent region. In addition to these refineries, our oil refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas competes against trading companies, as well as other refineries located outside the region that are linked to the mid-continent market through an extensive product pipeline system. These competitors include refineries located near the U.S. Gulf Coast and the Texas panhandle region. Our refinery competition also includes branded, integrated and independent oil refining companies, such as BP, Shell, Conoco Phillips, Valero and Gary-Williams. 7 Seasonality Our petroleum business experiences seasonal effects as demand for gasoline products is generally higher during the summer months than during the winter months due to seasonal increases in highway traffic and road construction work. Demand for diesel fuel during the winter months also decreases due to winter agricultural work declines. As a result, our results of operations for the first and fourth calendar quarters are generally lower than for those for the second and third calendar quarters. In addition, unseasonably cool weather in the summer months and/or unseasonably warm weather in the winter months in the markets in which we sell our petroleum products can impact the demand for gasoline and diesel fuel. Nitrogen Fertilizer Business The nitrogen fertilizer business operates the only nitrogen fertilizer plant in North America that utilizes a pet coke gasification process to generate hydrogen feedstock that is further converted to ammonia for the production of other nitrogen fertilizers. Raw Material Supply The nitrogen fertilizer facility’s primary input is pet coke. During the past five years, approximately 74% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ pet coke requirements on average were supplied by our adjacent oil refinery. Historically the nitrogen fertilizer business has obtained the remainder of its pet coke needs from third parties such as other Midwestern refineries or pet coke brokers at spot prices. If necessary, the gasifier can also operate on low grade coal as an alternative, which provides an additional raw material source. There are significant supplies of low grade coal within a 60-mile radius of the nitrogen fertilizer plant. Pet coke is produced as a by-product of the refinery’s coker unit process. In order to refine heavy crude oils, which are lower in cost and more prevalent than higher quality crude oil, refiners use coker units which enables refiners to further upgrade heavy crude oil. In recent years, there has been a shift in North America from refining dwindling reserves of sweet crude oil to more readily available heavy and sour crude oil (which can be obtained from, among other places, the Canadian oil sands), which will result in increased pet coke production. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ plant is located in Coffeyville, Kansas, which is part of the Midwest pet coke market. The Midwest pet coke market is not subject to the same level of pet coke price variability as is the Gulf Coast pet coke market. Given the fact that the majority of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ pet coke suppliers are located in the Midwest, the nitrogen fertilizer business’ geographic location gives it a significant freight cost advantage over its Gulf Coast pet coke market competitors. The Midwest Green Coke (Chicago Area, FOB Source) annual average price over the last three years has ranged from $12.17 to $27.00 per ton. The U.S. Gulf Coast market annual average price during the same period has ranged from $24.83 to $77.38 per ton. Linde, Inc. (“Linde”) owns, operates, and maintains the air separation plant that provides contract volumes of oxygen, nitrogen, and compressed dry air to the gasifier for a monthly fee. The nitrogen fertilizer business provides and pays for all utilities required for operation of the air separation plant. The agreement with Linde expires in 2020. The nitrogen fertilizer business imports start-up steam for the nitrogen fertilizer plant from our oil refinery, and then exports steam back to the oil refinery once all units in the nitrogen fertilizer plant are in service. Monthly charges and credits are recorded with steam valued at the natural gas price for the month. Nitrogen Production and Plant Reliability The nitrogen fertilizer plant was built in 2000 with two separate gasifiers to provide reliability. The plant uses a gasification process to convert pet coke to high purity hydrogen for subsequent conversion to ammonia. The nitrogen fertilizer plant is capable of processing approximately 1,400 tons per day of pet coke from our refinery and third-party sources and converting it into approximately 1,225 tons per day of ammonia. The nitrogen fertilizer plant is also capable of processing refinery produced hydrogen, as available, to produce up 8 to an additional 130 tons of ammonia. A majority of the ammonia is converted to approximately 2,025 tons per day of UAN. Typically 0.41 tons of ammonia is required to produce one ton of UAN. In order to maintain high on-stream factors, the nitrogen fertilizer business schedules and provides routine maintenance to its critical equipment using its own maintenance technicians. Pursuant to a Technical Services Agreement with General Electric, which licenses the gasification technology to the nitrogen fertilizer business, General Electric experts provide technical advice and technological updates from their ongoing research as well as other licensees’ operating experiences. The pet coke gasification process is licensed from General Electric pursuant to a license agreement that was fully paid up as of June 1, 2007. The license grants the nitrogen fertilizer business perpetual rights to use the pet coke gasification process on specified terms and conditions. The license is important because it allows the nitrogen fertilizer facility to operate at a low cost compared to facilities which rely on natural gas. Distribution, Sales and Marketing The primary geographic markets for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ fertilizer products are Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Colorado and Texas. The nitrogen fertilizer business markets its ammonia products to industrial and agricultural customers and the UAN products to agricultural customers. The demand for nitrogen fertilizer occurs during three key periods. The summer wheat pre-plant occurs in August and September. The fall pre-plant occurs in late October and in November. The highest level of ammonia demand is traditionally in the spring pre-plant period, from March through May. There are also smaller quantities of ammonia that are sold in the off-season to fill available storage at the dealer level. Ammonia and UAN are distributed by truck or by railcar. If delivered by truck, products are sold on a freight-on-board basis, and freight is normally arranged by the customer. The nitrogen fertilizer business leases a fleet of railcars for use in product delivery. The nitrogen fertilizer business also negotiates with distributors that have their own leased railcars to deliver products. The nitrogen fertilizer business owns all of the truck and rail loading equipment at our nitrogen fertilizer facility. The nitrogen fertilizer business operates two truck loading and four rail loading racks for each of ammonia and UAN, with an additional four rail loading racks for UAN. The nitrogen fertilizer business markets agricultural products to destinations that produce the best margins for the business. The UAN market is primarily located near the Union Pacific Railroad lines or destinations that can be supplied by truck. The ammonia market is primarily located near the Burlington Northern Santa Fe or Kansas City Southern Railroad lines or destinations that can be supplied by truck. By securing this business directly, the nitrogen fertilizer business reduces its dependence on distributors serving the same customer base, which enables the nitrogen fertilizer business to capture a larger margin and allows it to better control its product distribution. Most of the agricultural sales are made on a competitive spot basis. The nitrogen fertilizer business also offers products on a prepay basis for in-season demand. The heavy in-season demand periods are spring and fall in the corn belt and summer in the wheat belt. Some of the industrial sales are spot sales, but most are on annual or multiyear contracts. Industrial demand for ammonia provides consistent sales and allows the nitrogen fertilizer business to better manage inventory control and generate consistent cash flow. Customers The nitrogen fertilizer business sells ammonia to agricultural and industrial customers. Based upon a three-year average, the nitrogen fertilizer business has sold approximately 85% of the ammonia it produces to agricultural customers primarily located in the mid-continent area between North Texas and Canada, and approximately 15% to industrial customers. Agricultural customers include distributors such as MFA, United Suppliers, Inc., Brandt Consolidated Inc., Gavilon Fertilizers LLC, Transammonia, Inc., Agri Services of Brunswick, LLC, Interchem, and CHS Inc. Industrial customers include Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc., National Cooperative Refinery Association, and Dyno Nobel, Inc. The nitrogen fertilizer business sells UAN products to retailers and distributors. Given the nature of its business, and consistent with industry practice, the nitrogen fertilizer business does not have long-term minimum purchase contracts with any of its customers. 9 For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the top five ammonia customers in the aggregate represented 43.9%, 54.7% and 62.1% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ ammonia sales, respectively, and the top five UAN customers in the aggregate represented 44.2%, 37.2% and 38.7% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ UAN sales, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2009, Brandt Consolidated Inc. accounted for 14.2% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ ammonia sales, and Gavilon Fertilizers LLC accounted for 17.0% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ UAN sales. During the year ended December 31, 2008, Brandt Consolidated Inc. accounted for 26.1% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ ammonia sales, and Gavilon Fertilizers LLC accounted for 14.5% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ UAN sales. During the year ended December 31, 2007, Brandt Consolidated Inc., MFA and Gavilon Fertilizers LLC accounted for 17.4%, 15.0% and 14.4% of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ ammonia sales, respectively, and Gavilon Fertilizers LLC accounted for 18.7% of its UAN sales. Competition Competition in the nitrogen fertilizer industry is dominated by price considerations. However, during the spring and fall application seasons, farming activities intensify and delivery capacity is a significant competitive factor. The nitrogen fertilizer business maintains a large fleet of leased rail cars and seasonally adjusts inventory to enhance its manufacturing and distribution operations. Domestic competition, mainly from regional cooperatives and integrated multinational fertilizer compa- nies, is intense due to customers’ sophisticated buying tendencies and production strategies that focus on cost and service. Also, foreign competition exists from producers of fertilizer products manufactured in countries with lower cost natural gas supplies. In certain cases, foreign producers of fertilizer who export to the United States may be subsidized by their respective governments. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ major competitors include Koch Nitrogen, PCS, Terra and CF Industries. Based on Blue Johnson data regarding total U.S. demand for UAN and ammonia, we estimate that the nitrogen fertilizer plant’s UAN production in 2009 represented approximately 6.4% of the total U.S. demand and that the net ammonia produced and marketed at Coffeyville represented less than 1.0% of the total U.S. demand. Seasonality Because the nitrogen fertilizer business primarily sells agricultural commodity products, its business is exposed to seasonal fluctuations in demand for nitrogen fertilizer products in the agricultural industry. As a result, the nitrogen fertilizer business typically generates greater net sales and operating income in the spring. In addition, the demand for fertilizers is affected by the aggregate crop planting decisions and fertilizer application rate decisions of individual farmers who make planting decisions based largely on the prospective profitability of a harvest. The specific varieties and amounts of fertilizer they apply depend on factors like crop prices, farmers’ current liquidity, soil conditions, weather patterns and the types of crops planted. Environmental Matters The petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state and local, environmental and health and safety regulations governing the emission and release of hazardous substances into the environment, the treatment and discharge of waste water, the storage, handling, use and transportation of petroleum and nitrogen products, and the characteristics and composition of gasoline and diesel fuels. These laws, their underlying regulatory requirements and the enforcement thereof impact our petroleum business and operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business and operations by imposing: (cid:129) restrictions on operations and/or the need to install enhanced or additional controls; (cid:129) the need to obtain and comply with permits and authorizations; (cid:129) liability for the investigation and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater at current and former facilities and off-site waste disposal locations; and (cid:129) specifications for the products marketed by our petroleum business and the nitrogen fertilizer business, primarily gasoline, diesel fuel, UAN and ammonia. 10 Our operations require numerous permits and authorizations. Failure to comply with these permits or environmental laws generally could result in fines, penalties or other sanctions or a revocation of our permits. In addition, environmental laws and regulations are often evolving and many of them have become more stringent or have become subject to more stringent interpretation or enforcement by federal or state agencies. Future environmental laws and regulations or more stringent interpretations of existing laws and regulations could result in increased capital, operating and compliance costs. The Federal Clean Air Act The federal Clean Air Act and its implementing regulations, as well as the corresponding state laws and regulations that regulate emissions of pollutants into the air, affect our petroleum operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business both directly and indirectly. Direct impacts may occur through the federal Clean Air Act’s permitting requirements and/or emission control requirements relating to specific air pollutants. The federal Clean Air Act indirectly affects our petroleum operations and the nitrogen fertilizer business by extensively regulating the air emissions of sulfur dioxide (“SO2”), volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and other compounds including those emitted by mobile sources, which are direct or indirect users of our products. Some or all of the standards promulgated pursuant to the federal Clean Air Act, or any future promulgations of standards, may require the installation of controls or changes to our petroleum operations or the nitrogen fertilizer facilities in order to comply. If new controls or changes to operations are needed, the costs could be significant. These new requirements, other requirements of the federal Clean Air Act, or other presently existing or future environmental regulations could cause us to expend substantial amounts to comply and/or permit our facilities to produce products that meet applicable requirements. Air Emissions. The regulation of air emissions under the federal Clean Air Act requires us to obtain various construction and operating permits and to incur capital expenditures for the installation of certain air pollution control devices at our petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer operations. Various regulations specific to our operations have been implemented, such as National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants, New Source Performance Standards and New Source Review. We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial capital expenditures to maintain compliance with these and other air emission regulations that have been promulgated or may be promulgated or revised in the future. In March 2004, Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (“CRRM”) and Coffeyville Resources Terminal, LLC (“CRT”) entered into a Consent Decree (the “Consent Decree”) with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (the “KDHE”) to resolve air compliance concerns raised by the EPA and KDHE related to Farmland’s prior ownership and operation of our refinery and Phillipsburg terminal facilities. Under the Consent Decree, CRRM agreed to install controls to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (“SO2”), nitrogen oxides (“NOx”), and particulate matter (“PM”) from its FCCU by January 1, 2011. In addition, pursuant to the Consent Decree, CRRM and CRT assumed certain cleanup obligations at the Coffeyville refinery and the Phillipsburg terminal facilities. The cost of complying with the Consent Decree is expected to be approximately $54 million, of which approximately $44 million is expected to be capital expenditures which does not include the cleanup obligations for historic contamination at the site that are being addressed pursuant to administrative orders issued under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), and described in “Impacts of Past Manufacturing.” As a result of our agreement to install certain controls and implement certain operational changes, the EPA and KDHE agreed not to impose civil penalties, and provided a release from liability for Farmland’s alleged noncompliance with the issues addressed by the Consent Decree. To date, CRRM and CRT have materially complied with the Consent Decree. On June 30, 2009, CRRM submitted a force majeure notice to the EPA and KDHE in which CRRM indicated that it may be unable to meet the Consent Decree’s January 1, 2011 deadline related to the installation of controls on the FCCU because of delays caused by the June/July 2007 flood described below in “2007 Flood and Crude Oil Discharge.” In February 2010, CRRM and the EPA reached an agreement in principle to a 15-month extension of the January 1, 2011 deadline to install controls that is awaiting final approval by the government before filing as a material modification to the existing Consent Decree. Pursuant to this agreement, CRRM will offset any incremental emissions resulting 11 from the delay by providing additional controls to existing emission sources over a set timeframe. Final approval of the agreement is subject to additional review by other government agencies. Over the course of the last decade, the EPA has embarked on a national Petroleum Refining Initiative alleging industry-wide noncompliance with four “marquee” issues under the Clean Air Act: New Source Review, Flaring, Leak Detection and Repair, and Benzene Waste Operations NESHAP. The Petroleum Refining Initiative has resulted in most refiners entering into consent decrees imposing civil penalties and requiring substantial expenditures for pollution control and enhanced operating procedures. The EPA has indicated that it will seek to have all refiners enter into “global settlements” pertaining to all “marquee” issues. Our current Consent Decree covers some, but not all, of the “marquee” issues. We have had preliminary discussions with EPA Region 7 under the Petroleum Refining Initiative. To date, the EPA has not made any specific claims or findings against us and we have not determined whether we will ultimately enter into a “global settlement” agreement with the EPA. We believe that if we were to enter into a global settlement we would be required to pay a civil penalty, but our incremental capital exposure would be limited primarily to the retrofit and replacement of heaters and boilers over a five to seven year timeframe. Release Reporting The release of hazardous substances or extremely hazardous substances into the environment is subject to release reporting of reportable quantities under federal and state environmental laws. Our facilities periodically experience releases of hazardous substances and extremely hazardous substances that could cause us to become the subject of a government enforcement action or third-party claims. Fuel Regulations Tier II, Low Sulfur Fuels. In February 2000, the EPA promulgated the Tier II Motor Vehicle Emission Standards Final Rule for all passenger vehicles, establishing standards for sulfur content in gasoline that were required to be met by 2006. In addition, in January 2001, the EPA promulgated its on-road diesel regulations, which required a 97% reduction in the sulfur content of diesel sold for highway use by June 1, 2006, with full compliance by January 1, 2010. In February 2004, the EPA granted us approval under a “hardship waiver” that deferred meeting final Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline (“ULSG”) standards until January 1, 2011 in exchange for our meeting Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (“ULSD”) requirements by January 1, 2007. We completed the construction and startup phase of our ULSD Hydrodesulfurization unit in late 2006 and met the conditions of the hardship waiver. We are currently continuing our project related to meeting our compliance date with ULSG standards. Compliance with the Tier II gasoline and on-road diesel standards required us to spend approximately $21.2 million during 2009, approximately $37.7 million during 2008, and $103.1 million during 2007 and we estimate that compliance will require us to spend approximately $22.0 million in 2010. As a result of the 2007 flood, our refinery exceeded the annual average sulfur standard mandated by our hardship waiver. The EPA agreed to modify certain provisions of our hardship waiver, which gave CRRM short-term flexibility on sulfur content, and we agreed to meet the final ULSG annual average standard in 2010. We met the required sulfur standards under our hardship waiver for 2009, and expect to be able to comply with the remaining requirements of our hardship waiver. Mobile Source Air Toxic II Emissions In 2007, the EPA promulgated the Mobile Source Air Toxic II (“MSAT II”) rule that requires the reduction of benzene in gasoline by 2011. CRRM is considered a small refiner under the MSAT II rule and compliance with the rule is extended until 2015 for small refiners. Because of the extended compliance date, CRRM has not begun engineering work at this time. We anticipate that capital expenditures to comply with the rule will not begin before 2013. 12 Renewable Fuel Standards In February 2010, the EPA finalized changes to the Renewable Fuel Standards (“RFS2”) which require the total volume of renewable transportation fuels sold or introduced in the U.S. to reach 12.95 billion gallons in 2010 and rise to 36 billion gallons by 2020. Due to mandates in the RFS2 requiring increasing volumes of renewable fuels to replace petroleum products in the U.S. motor fuel market, there may be a decrease in demand for petroleum products. In addition, CRRM may be impacted by increased capital expenses and production costs to accommodate mandated renewable fuel volumes. CRRM’s small refiner status under the original Renewable Fuel Standards will continue under the RFS2 and therefore, CRRM is exempted from the requirements of the RFS2 through December 31, 2010. Greenhouse Gas Emissions It is probable that Congress will adopt some form of federal climate change legislation that may include mandatory greenhouse gas emission reductions, although the specific requirements and timing of any such legislation are uncertain at this time. In June 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill that would create a nationwide cap-and-trade program designed to regulate emissions of carbon dioxide (“CO2”), methane and other greenhouse gases. The bill would institute a cap on greenhouse gas emissions and establish a program to trade emission allowances. To comply with these cap regulations, companies could reduce actual emissions by installing equipment designed for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gases or by curtailing operations. Alternatively, compliance could be met by purchasing emissions allowances on the open market. A similar bill has been introduced in the U.S. Senate; however, Senate passage of the counterpart legislation is uncertain. It is also possible that the Senate may debate and pass alternative climate change bills that do not mandate a nationwide cap-and-trade program and instead focus on promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency. In the absence of congressional legislation regulating greenhouse gas emissions, the EPA is moving ahead administratively under its federal Clean Air Act authority. On December 7, 2009, the EPA finalized its endangerment finding that greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2, pose a threat to human health and welfare. The finding allows the EPA to regulate greenhouse gas emissions as air pollutants under the federal Clean Air Act. Additionally, the EPA has finalized rules on greenhouse gas emissions inventory reporting rules and has proposed a number of rules aimed at regulating greenhouse gas emissions. Because current “major source” thresholds under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) and Title V programs of the federal Clean Air Act would subject small sources of greenhouse gas emissions to permitting requirements as major stationary sources, the EPA has proposed a Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule, which would raise the statutory “major source” threshold for greenhouse gas emissions in order to prevent such small sources from being considered major stationary sources subject to permitting requirements under the PSD and Title V rules. The EPA has further indicated that no stationary source will be required to obtain a federal Clean Air Act permit to cover greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 and that phase-in permit requirements will begin for the largest stationary sources in 2011. The EPA’s endangerment finding, that Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule and certain other greenhouse gas emission rules proposed by the EPA have been challenged and will likely be subject to extensive litigation. For example, petitions have been filed on behalf of various parties in the United States Court of Appeals from the D.C. Circuit challenging EPA’s endangerment finding. In addition, Senate bills to overturn the endangerment finding and bar the EPA from regulating greenhouse gas emissions, or at least to defer such action by the EPA under the federal Clean Air Act are under consideration. In the absence of existing federal legislation or regulations, a number of states have adopted regional greenhouse gas initiatives to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions. In 2007, a group of Midwest states, including Kansas (where our refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer facility are located), formed the Midwestern Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord, which calls for the development of a cap-and-trade system to control greenhouse gas emissions and for the inventory of such emissions. However, the individual states that have signed on to the accord must adopt laws or regulations implementing the trading scheme before it becomes effective, and the timing and specific requirements of any such laws or regulations in Kansas are uncertain at this time. 13 Compliance with any future legislation or regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, if it occurs, may result in increased compliance and operating costs and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. RCRA Our operations are subject to the RCRA requirements for the generation, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes. When feasible, RCRA materials are recycled instead of being disposed of on-site or off- site. RCRA establishes standards for the management of solid and hazardous wastes. Besides governing current waste disposal practices, RCRA also addresses the environmental effects of certain past waste disposal operations, the recycling of wastes and the regulation of underground storage tanks containing regulated substances. Waste Management. There are two closed hazardous waste units at the refinery and eight other hazardous waste units in the process of being closed pending state agency approval. In addition, one closed interim status hazardous waste landfarm located at the Phillipsburg terminal is under long-term post closure care. We have issued letters of credit of approximately $0.2 million in financial assurance for closure/post- closure care for hazardous waste management units at the Phillipsburg terminal and the Coffeyville refinery. Impacts of Past Manufacturing. We are subject to a 1994 EPA administrative order related to investigation of possible past releases of hazardous materials to the environment at the Coffeyville refinery. In accordance with the order, we have documented existing soil and groundwater conditions, which require investigation or remediation projects. The Phillipsburg terminal is subject to a 1996 EPA administrative order related to investigation of possible past releases of hazardous materials to the environment at the Phillipsburg terminal, which operated as a refinery until 1991. The Consent Decree that we signed with the EPA and KDHE requires us to complete all activities in accordance with federal and state rules. The anticipated remediation costs through 2013 were estimated, as of December 31, 2009, to be as follows (in millions): Facility Site Investigation Costs Capital Costs Total O&M Costs Through 2013 Coffeyville Refinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phillipsburg Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Estimated Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0.2 0.6 $0.8 $— — $— $0.9 1.2 $2.1 Total Estimated Costs Through 2013 $1.1 1.8 $2.9 These estimates are based on current information and could go up or down as additional information becomes available through our ongoing remediation and investigation activities. At this point, we have estimated that, over ten years starting in 2010, we will spend $3.7 million to remedy impacts from past manufacturing activity at the Coffeyville refinery and to address existing soil and groundwater contamination at the Phillipsburg terminal. It is possible that additional costs will be required after this ten year period. We spent approximately $1.3 million in 2009 associated with related remediation. Financial Assurance. We were required in the Consent Decree to establish financial assurance to cover the projected clean-up costs posed by the Coffeyville and Phillipsburg facilities in the event we failed to fulfill our clean-up obligations. In accordance with the Consent Decree, this financial assurance is currently provided by a bond in the amount of $9.0 million. Environmental Remediation Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), RCRA, and related state laws, certain persons may be liable for the release or threatened release of hazardous substances. These persons include the current owner or operator of property where a release or threatened 14 release occurred, any persons who owned or operated the property when the release occurred, and any persons who disposed of, or arranged for the transportation or disposal of, hazardous substances at a contaminated property. Liability under CERCLA is strict, retroactive and, under certain circumstances, joint and several, so that any responsible party may be held liable for the entire cost of investigating and remediating the release of hazardous substances. As is the case with all companies engaged in similar industries, depending on the underlying facts and circumstances we face potential exposure from future claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters, including soil and water contamination, personal injury or property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances that we, or potentially Farmland, manufactured, handled, used, stored, transported, spilled, disposed of or released. We cannot assure you that we will not become involved in future proceedings related to our release of hazardous or extremely hazardous substances or that, if we were held responsible for damages in any existing or future proceedings, such costs would be covered by insurance or would not be material. Safety and Health Matters We operate a comprehensive safety, health and security program, involving active participation of employees at all levels of the organization. Despite our efforts to achieve excellence in our safety and health performance, there can be no assurances that there will not be accidents resulting in injuries or even fatalities. Process Safety Management. We maintain a Process Safety Management (“PSM”) program. This program is designed to address all facets associated with OSHA guidelines for developing and maintaining a PSM program. We will continue to audit our programs and consider improvements in our management systems and equipment. In 2007, OSHA began PSM inspections of all refineries under its jurisdiction as part of its National Emphasis Program (the “NEP”) following OSHA’s investigation of PSM issues relating to the multiple fatality explosion and fire at the BP Texas City facility in 2005. Completed NEP inspections have resulted in OSHA levying significant fines and penalties against most of the refineries inspected to date. Our refinery was inspected in connection with OSHA’s NEP program. The inspection commenced in September 2008 and was completed in March 2009, resulting in an assessed penalty of $32,500. Employees At December 31, 2009, 474 employees were employed in our petroleum business, 118 were employed by the nitrogen fertilizer business and 75 employees were employed by the Company and CRLLC at our offices in Sugar Land, Texas and Kansas City, Kansas. At December 31, 2009, approximately 39% of our employees (all of whom work in our petroleum business) were covered by a collective bargaining agreement. These employees are affiliated with six unions of the Metal Trades Department of the AFL-CIO (“Metal Trade Unions”) and the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO-CLC (“United Steelworkers”). A new collective bargaining agreement was entered into with the Metal Trade Unions effective August 31, 2008. No substantial changes were made to the prior agreement. This agreement expires in March 2013. In addition, a new collective bargaining agreement was entered into with the United Steelworkers on March 3, 2009. There were no substantial changes to the prior agreement. This agreement expires in March 2012. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good. Available Information Our website address is www.cvrenergy.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports, are available free of charge through our website under “Investors Relations,” as soon as reasonably practicable after the electronic filing of these reports is made with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition, our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Codes of Ethics and Charters of the Audit Committee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors are available on our 15 website. These guidelines, policies and charters are available in print without charge to any stockholder requesting them. Trademarks, Trade Names and Service Marks This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 (the “Report”) may include our trademarks, including CVR Energy, the CVR Energy logo, Coffeyville Resources, the Coffeyville Resources logo, and the CVR Partners LP logo, each of which is either registered or for which we have applied for federal registration. This Report may also contain trademarks, service marks, copyrights and trade names of other companies. Item 1A. Risk Factors You should carefully consider each of the following risks together with the other information contained in this Report and all of the information set forth in our filings with the SEC. If any of the following risks and uncertainties develops into actual events, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Risks Related to Our Petroleum Business The price volatility of crude oil, other feedstocks and refined products may have a material adverse effect on our earnings, profitability and cash flows. Our petroleum business’ financial results are primarily affected by the relationship, or margin, between refined product prices and the prices for crude oil and other feedstocks. When the margin between refined product prices and crude oil and other feedstock prices contracts, our earnings, profitability and cash flows are negatively affected. Refining margins historically have been volatile and are likely to continue to be volatile, as a result of a variety of factors including fluctuations in prices of crude oil, other feedstocks and refined products. Continued future volatility in refining industry margins may cause a decline in our results of operations, since the margin between refined product prices and feedstock prices may decrease below the amount needed for us to generate net cash flow sufficient for our needs. Although an increase or decrease in the price for crude oil generally results in a similar increase or decrease in prices for refined products, there is normally a time lag in the realization of the similar increase or decrease in prices for refined products. The effect of changes in crude oil prices on our results of operations therefore depends in part on how quickly and how fully refined product prices adjust to reflect these changes. A substantial or prolonged increase in crude oil prices without a corresponding increase in refined product prices, or a substantial or prolonged decrease in refined product prices without a corresponding decrease in crude oil prices, could have a significant negative impact on our earnings, results of operations and cash flows. Our profitability is also impacted by the ability to purchase crude oil at a discount to benchmark crude oils, such as WTI, as we do not produce any crude oil and must purchase all of the crude oil we refine. These crude oils include, but are not limited to, crude oil from our gathering system. Crude oil differentials can fluctuate significantly based upon overall economic and crude oil market conditions. Declines in crude oil differentials can adversely impact refining margins, earnings and cash flows. Refining margins are also impacted by domestic and global refining capacity. Continued downturns in the economy impact the demand for refined fuels and, in turn, generate excess capacity. In addition, the expansion and construction of refineries domestically and globally can increase refined fuel production capacity. Excess capacity can adversely impact refining margins, earnings and cash flows. Volatile prices for natural gas and electricity affect our manufacturing and operating costs. Natural gas and electricity prices have been, and will continue to be, affected by supply and demand for fuel and utility services in both local and regional markets. 16 Our internally generated cash flows and other sources of liquidity may not be adequate for our capital needs. If we cannot generate adequate cash flow or otherwise secure sufficient liquidity to meet our working capital needs or support our short-term and long-term capital requirements, we may be unable to meet our debt obligations, pursue our business strategies or comply with certain environmental standards, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. As of December 31, 2009, we had cash and cash equivalents of $36.9 million and $86.2 million available under our revolving credit facility. Crude oil price volatility can significantly impact working capital on a week-to-week and month-to-month basis. We have short-term and long-term capital needs. Our short-term working capital needs are primarily crude oil purchase requirements, which fluctuate with the pricing and sourcing of crude oil. Our long-term capital needs include capital expenditures we are required to make to comply with Tier II gasoline standards and the Consent Decree. Compliance with Tier II gasoline standards will require us to spend approximately $22 million in 2010. The costs of complying with the Consent Decree are expected to be approximately $54 million, of which approximately $44 million is expected to be capital expenditures. We also have budgeted capital expenditures for turnarounds at each of our facilities, and from time to time we are required to spend significant amounts for repairs when one or more facilities experiences temporary shutdowns. We also have significant debt service obligations. Our liquidity position will affect our ability to satisfy any of these needs. If we are required to obtain our crude oil supply without the benefit of a crude oil supply agreement, our exposure to the risks associated with volatile crude oil prices may increase and our liquidity may be reduced. We currently obtain the majority of our crude oil supply through the Supply Agreement with Vitol, which became effective on December 31, 2008 for an initial term of two years. On July 7, 2009, the Company entered into an amendment that extended the initial term of the Supply Agreement from two to three years ending December 31, 2011. The Supply Agreement minimizes the amount of in transit inventory and mitigates crude pricing risks by ensuring pricing takes place extremely close to the time when the crude oil is refined and the yielded products are sold. If we were required to obtain our crude oil supply without the benefit of an intermediation agreement, our exposure to crude oil pricing risks may increase, despite any hedging activity in which we may engage, and our liquidity would be negatively impacted due to the increased inventory and the negative impact of market volatility. Disruption of our ability to obtain an adequate supply of crude oil could reduce our liquidity and increase our costs. In addition to the crude oil we gather locally in Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Missouri, and Nebraska, we purchase an additional 85,000 to 100,000 bpd of crude oil to be refined into liquid fuel. We obtain a portion of our non-gathered crude oil, approximately 14% in 2009, from foreign sources. The majority of these non-gathered foreign sourced crude oil barrels were derived from Canada. In addition to the Canadian crudes, we have access to crude oils from Latin America, South America, the Middle East, West Africa and the North Sea. The actual amount of foreign crude oil we purchase is dependent on market conditions and will vary from year to year. We are subject to the political, geographic, and economic risks attendant to doing business with suppliers located in those regions. Disruption of production in any of such regions for any reason could have a material impact on other regions and our business. In the event that one or more of our traditional suppliers becomes unavailable to us, we may be unable to obtain an adequate supply of crude oil, or we may only be able to obtain our crude oil supply at unfavorable prices. As a result, we may experience a reduction in our liquidity and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Severe weather, including hurricanes along the U.S. Gulf Coast, have in the past and could in the future interrupt our supply of crude oil. Supplies of crude oil to our refinery are periodically shipped from U.S. Gulf Coast production or terminal facilities, including through the Seaway Pipeline from the U.S. Gulf Coast to 17 Cushing, Oklahoma. U.S. Gulf Coast facilities could be subject to damage or production interruption from hurricanes or other severe weather in the future which could interrupt or materially adversely affect our crude oil supply. If our supply of crude oil is interrupted, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely impacted. If our access to the pipelines on which we rely for the supply of our feedstock and the distribution of our products is interrupted, our inventory and costs may increase and we may be unable to efficiently distribute our products. If one of the pipelines on which we rely for supply of our crude oil becomes inoperative, we would be required to obtain crude oil for our refinery through an alternative pipeline or from additional tanker trucks, which could increase our costs and result in lower production levels and profitability. Similarly, if a major refined fuels pipeline becomes inoperative, we would be required to keep refined fuels in inventory or supply refined fuels to our customers through an alternative pipeline or by additional tanker trucks from the refinery, which could increase our costs and result in a decline in profitability. Our petroleum business’ financial results are seasonal and generally lower in the first and fourth quarters of the year, which may cause volatility in the price of our common stock. Demand for gasoline products is generally higher during the summer months than during the winter months due to seasonal increases in highway traffic and road construction work. As a result, our results of operations for the first and fourth calendar quarters are generally lower than for those for the second and third quarters. Further, reduced agricultural work during the winter months somewhat depresses demand for diesel fuel in the winter months. In addition to the overall seasonality of our business, unseasonably cool weather in the summer months and/or unseasonably warm weather in the winter months in the markets in which we sell our petroleum products could have the effect of reducing demand for gasoline and diesel fuel which could result in lower prices and reduce operating margins. We face significant competition, both within and outside of our industry. Competitors who produce their own supply of feedstocks, have extensive retail outlets, make alternative fuels or have greater financial resources than we do may have a competitive advantage over us. The refining industry is highly competitive with respect to both feedstock supply and refined product markets. We may be unable to compete effectively with our competitors within and outside of our industry, which could result in reduced profitability. We compete with numerous other companies for available supplies of crude oil and other feedstocks and for outlets for our refined products. We are not engaged in the petroleum exploration and production business and therefore we do not produce any of our crude oil feedstocks. We do not have a retail business and therefore are dependent upon others for outlets for our refined products. We do not have any long-term arrangements (those exceeding more than a twelve month period) for much of our output. Many of our competitors in the United States as a whole, and one of our regional competitors, obtain significant portions of their feedstocks from company-owned production and have extensive retail outlets. Competitors that have their own production or extensive retail outlets with brand-name recognition are at times able to offset losses from refining operations with profits from producing or retailing operations, and may be better positioned to withstand periods of depressed refining margins or feedstock shortages. A number of our competitors also have materially greater financial and other resources than us. These competitors may have a greater ability to bear the economic risks inherent in all aspects of the refining industry. An expansion or upgrade of our competitors’ facilities, price volatility, international political and economic developments and other factors are likely to continue to play an important role in refining industry economics and may add additional competitive pressure on us. In addition, we compete with other industries that provide alternative means to satisfy the energy and fuel requirements of our industrial, commercial and individual consumers. The more successful these alternatives become as a result of governmental incentives or regulations, technological advances, consumer demand, improved pricing or otherwise, the greater the negative impact on pricing and demand for our products and 18 our profitability. There are presently significant governmental incentives and consumer pressures to increase the use of alternative fuels in the United States. Changes in our credit profile may affect our relationship with our suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and our ability to operate our refineries at full capacity. Changes in our credit profile may affect the way crude oil suppliers view our ability to make payments and may induce them to shorten the payment terms for our purchases or require us to post security prior to payment. Given the large dollar amounts and volume of our crude oil and other feedstock purchases, a burdensome change in payment terms may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and our ability to make payments to our suppliers. This, in turn, could cause us to be unable to operate our refineries at full capacity. A failure to operate our refineries at full capacity could adversely affect our profitability and cash flows. Risks Related to Our Nitrogen Fertilizer Business Natural gas prices affect the price of the nitrogen fertilizers that the nitrogen fertilizer business sells. Any decline in natural gas prices could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Because most nitrogen fertilizer manufacturers rely on natural gas as their primary feedstock, and the cost of natural gas is a large component (approximately 90% based on historical data) of the total production cost of nitrogen fertilizers for natural gas-based nitrogen fertilizer manufacturers, the price of nitrogen fertilizers has historically generally correlated with the price of natural gas. The nitrogen fertilizer business does not hedge against declining natural gas prices. In addition, since our facilities use less natural gas than our competitors, any decrease in natural gas prices will disproportionately impact our operation by making us less competitive. Any decline in natural gas prices could have a material adverse impact on the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. The nitrogen fertilizer plant has high fixed costs. If nitrogen fertilizer product prices fall below a certain level, which could be caused by a reduction in the price of natural gas, the nitrogen fertilizer business may not generate sufficient revenue to operate profitably or cover its costs. The nitrogen fertilizer plant has high fixed costs compared to natural gas based nitrogen fertilizer plants, as discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Major Influences on Results of Operations — Nitrogen Fertilizer Business.” As a result, downtime or low productivity due to reduced demand, interruptions because of adverse weather conditions, equipment failures, low prices for nitrogen fertilizers or other causes can result in significant operating losses. Unlike its competitors, whose primary costs are related to the purchase of natural gas and whose fixed costs are minimal, the nitrogen fertilizer business has high fixed costs not dependent on the price of natural gas. The nitrogen fertilizer business is cyclical and volatile. Historically, periods of high demand and pricing have been followed by periods of declining prices and declining capacity utilization. Such cycles expose us to potentially significant fluctuations in our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, which could result in volatility in the price of our common stock. A significant portion of nitrogen fertilizer product sales expose us to fluctuations in supply and demand in the agricultural industry. These fluctuations historically have had and could in the future have significant effects on prices across all nitrogen fertilizer products and, in turn, the nitrogen fertilizer business’ financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, which could result in significant volatility in the price of our common stock. Nitrogen fertilizer products are commodities, the price of which can be volatile. The prices of nitrogen fertilizer products depend on a number of factors, including general economic conditions, cyclical trends in 19 end-user markets, competition, supply and demand imbalances, and weather conditions, which have a greater relevance because of the seasonal nature of fertilizer application. Demand for fertilizer products is dependent, in part, on demand for crop nutrients by the global agricultural industry. Nitrogen-based fertilizers demand is driven by a growing world population, changes in dietary habits and an expanded use of corn for the production of ethanol. Supply is affected by available capacity and operating rates, raw material costs, government policies and global trade. A decrease in nitrogen fertilizer prices would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. The nitrogen fertilizer business faces intense competition from other nitrogen fertilizer producers. The nitrogen fertilizer business is subject to price competition from both U.S. and foreign sources, including competitors in the Persian Gulf, the Asia-Pacific region, the Caribbean and Russia. Fertilizers are global commodities, with little or no product differentiation, and customers make their purchasing decisions principally on the basis of delivered price and availability of the product. The nitrogen fertilizer business competes with a number of U.S. producers and producers in other countries, including state-owned and government-subsidized entities. Adverse weather conditions during peak fertilizer application periods may have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions, because the agricultural customers of the nitrogen fertilizer business are geographically concentrated. Sales of nitrogen fertilizer products by the nitrogen fertilizer business to agricultural customers are concentrated in the Great Plains and Midwest states and are seasonal in nature. For example, the nitrogen fertilizer business generates greater net sales and operating income in the spring. Accordingly, an adverse weather pattern affecting agriculture in these regions or during this season could have a negative effect on fertilizer demand, which could, in turn, result in a material decline in our net sales and margins and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. Our quarterly results may vary significantly from one year to the next due primarily to weather-related shifts in planting schedules and purchase patterns. The nitrogen fertilizer business is seasonal, which may result in our carrying significant amounts of inventory and seasonal variations in working capital, and the inability to predict future seasonal nitrogen fertilizer demand accurately may result in excess inventory or product shortages. The nitrogen fertilizer business is seasonal. Farmers tend to apply nitrogen fertilizer during two short application periods, one in the spring and the other in the fall. As a result, the strongest demand for our products typically occurs during the spring planting season, with a second period of strong demand following the fall harvest. In contrast, we and other nitrogen fertilizer producers generally produce our products throughout the year. As a result, we and/or our customers generally build inventories during the low demand periods of the year in order to ensure timely product availability during the peak sales seasons. The seasonality of nitrogen fertilizer demand results in sales volumes and net sales in the nitrogen fertilizer business being highest during the North American spring season and our working capital requirements in the nitrogen fertilizer business typically being highest just prior to the start of the spring season. If seasonal demand exceeds our projections, we will not have enough product and our customers may acquire products from our competitors, which would negatively impact our profitability. If seasonal demand is less than we expect, we will be left with excess inventory and higher working capital and liquidity requirements. The degree of seasonality of our business can change significantly from year to year due to conditions in the agricultural industry and other factors. 20 The nitrogen fertilizer business’ results of operations, financial condition and cash flows may be adversely affected by the supply and price levels of pet coke and other essential raw materials. Pet coke is a key raw material used by the nitrogen fertilizer business in the manufacture of nitrogen fertilizer products. Increases in the price of pet coke could have a material adverse effect on the nitrogen fertilizer business’ results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Moreover, if pet coke prices increase the nitrogen fertilizer business may not be able to increase its prices to recover increased pet coke costs, because market prices for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen fertilizer products are generally correlated with natural gas prices, the primary raw material used by competitors of the nitrogen fertilizer business, and not pet coke prices. Based on the nitrogen fertilizer business’ current output, the nitrogen fertilizer business obtains most (approximately 74% on average during the last five years) of the pet coke it needs from our adjacent refinery, and procures the remainder on the open market. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ competitors are not subject to changes in pet coke prices. The nitrogen fertilizer business is sensitive to fluctuations in the price of pet coke on the open market. Pet coke prices could significantly increase in the future. The nitrogen fertilizer business might also be unable to find alternative suppliers to make up for any reduction in the amount of pet coke it obtains from our refinery. The nitrogen fertilizer business may not be able to maintain an adequate supply of pet coke and other essential raw materials. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer business could experience production delays or cost increases if alternative sources of supply prove to be more expensive or difficult to obtain. If raw material costs were to increase, or if the nitrogen fertilizer plant were to experience an extended interruption in the supply of raw materials, including pet coke, to its production facilities, the nitrogen fertilizer business could lose sale opportunities, damage its relationships with or lose customers, suffer lower margins, and experience other material adverse effects to its results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ results of operations are highly dependent upon and fluctuate based upon business and economic conditions and governmental policies affecting the agricultural industry where our customers operate. These factors are outside of our control and may significantly affect our profitability. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ results of operations are highly dependent upon business and economic conditions and governmental policies affecting the agricultural industry, which we cannot control. The agricultural products business can be affected by a number of factors. The most important of these factors, for U.S. markets, are: (cid:129) weather patterns and field conditions (particularly during periods of traditionally high nitrogen fertilizer consumption); (cid:129) quantities of nitrogen fertilizers imported to and exported from North America; (cid:129) current and projected grain inventories and prices, which are heavily influenced by U.S. exports and world-wide grain markets; and (cid:129) U.S. governmental policies, including farm and biofuel policies, which may directly or indirectly influence the number of acres planted, the level of grain inventories, the mix of crops planted or crop prices. International market conditions, which are also outside of our control, may also significantly influence our operating results. The international market for nitrogen fertilizers is influenced by such factors as the relative value of the U.S. dollar and its impact upon the cost of importing nitrogen fertilizers, foreign agricultural policies, the existence of, or changes in, import or foreign currency exchange barriers in certain foreign markets, changes in the hard currency demands of certain countries and other regulatory policies of foreign governments, as well as the laws and policies of the United States affecting foreign trade and investment. 21 The nitrogen fertilizer business relies on third party suppliers, including Linde, which owns an air separation plant that provides oxygen, nitrogen and compressed dry air to its gasifiers and the City of Coffeyville, which supplies it with electricity. A deterioration in the financial condition of a third party supplier, a mechanical problem with the air separation plant, or the inability of a third party supplier to perform in accordance with their contractual obligations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. The nitrogen fertilizer operations depend in large part on the performance of third party suppliers, including Linde for the supply of oxygen, nitrogen and compressed dry air and the City of Coffeyville for the supply of electricity. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ operations could be adversely affected if there were a deterioration in Linde’s financial condition such that the operation of the air separation plant was disrupted. Additionally, this air separation plant in the past has experienced numerous momentary interruptions, thereby causing interruptions in the nitrogen fertilizer business’ gasifier operations. Should Linde, the City of Coffeyville or any of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ other third party suppliers fail to perform in accordance with existing contractual arrangements, the nitrogen fertilizer business’ operation could be forced to halt. Alternative sources of supply could be difficult to obtain. Any shut down of operations at the nitrogen fertilizer business, even for a limited period, could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. We are currently engaged in litigation with the City of Coffeyville to enforce the pricing contained in a long-term contract for the supply of electricity; the City acknowledges an obligation to provide electricity but contends that the contract was suspended, permitting it to charge a higher tariff price. Ammonia can be very volatile and dangerous. Any liability for accidents involving ammonia that cause severe damage to property and/or injury to the environment and human health could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. In addition, the costs of transporting ammonia could increase significantly in the future. The nitrogen fertilizer business manufactures, processes, stores, handles, distributes and transports ammonia, which can be very volatile and dangerous. Accidents, releases or mishandling involving ammonia could cause severe damage or injury to property, the environment and human health, as well as a possible disruption of supplies and markets. Such an event could result in lawsuits, fines, penalties and regulatory enforcement proceedings, all of which could lead to significant liabilities. Any damage to persons, equipment or property or other disruption of the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to produce or distribute its products could result in a significant decrease in operating revenues and significant additional cost to replace or repair and insure its assets, which could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer business may incur significant losses or costs relating to the operation of railcars used for the purpose of carrying various products, including ammonia. Due to the dangerous and potentially toxic nature of the cargo, in particular ammonia, a railcar accident may have catastrophic results, including fires, explosions and pollution. These circumstances could result in severe damage and/or injury to property, the environment and human health. Litigation arising from accidents involving ammonia may result in the nitrogen fertilizer business or us being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting claims for large amounts of damages, which could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. Given the risks inherent in transporting ammonia, the costs of transporting ammonia could increase significantly in the future. Ammonia is typically transported by railcar. A number of initiatives are underway in the railroad and chemical industries that may result in changes to railcar design in order to minimize railway accidents involving hazardous materials. If any such design changes are implemented, or if accidents involving hazardous freight increase the insurance and other costs of railcars, freight costs of the nitrogen fertilizer business could significantly increase. 22 The nitrogen fertilizer business relies on third party providers of transportation services and equipment, which subjects us to risks and uncertainties beyond our control that may have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. The nitrogen fertilizer business relies on railroad and trucking companies to ship nitrogen fertilizer products to its customers. The nitrogen fertilizer business also leases rail cars from rail car owners in order to ship its products. These transportation operations, equipment, and services are subject to various hazards, including extreme weather conditions, work stoppages, delays, spills, derailments and other accidents and other operating hazards. These transportation operations, equipment and services are also subject to environmental, safety, and regulatory oversight. Due to concerns related to terrorism or accidents, local, state and federal governments could implement new regulations affecting the transportation of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ products. In addition, new regulations could be implemented affecting the equipment used to ship its products. Any delay in the nitrogen fertilizer business’ ability to ship its products as a result of these transportation companies’ failure to operate properly, the implementation of new and more stringent regulatory requirements affecting transportation operations or equipment, or significant increases in the cost of these services or equipment, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. Environmental laws and regulations on fertilizer end-use and application could have a material adverse impact on fertilizer demand in the future. Future environmental laws and regulations on the end-use and application of fertilizers could cause changes in demand for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ products. In addition, future environmental laws and regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, could limit the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to market and sell its products to end users. From time to time, various state legislatures have proposed bans or other limitations on fertilizer products. Any such future laws, regulations or interpreta- tions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to make cash distributions. A major factor underlying the current high level of demand for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen-based fertilizer products is the expanding production of ethanol. A decrease in ethanol production, an increase in ethanol imports or a shift away from corn as a principal raw material used to produce ethanol could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. A major factor underlying the current high level of demand for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen- based fertilizer products is the expanding production of ethanol in the United States and the expanded use of corn in ethanol production. Ethanol production in the United States is highly dependent upon a myriad of federal and state legislation and regulations, and is made significantly more competitive by various federal and state incentives. Such incentive programs may not be renewed, or if renewed, they may be renewed on terms significantly less favorable to ethanol producers than current incentive programs. Recent studies showing that expanded ethanol production may increase the level of greenhouse gases in the environment may reduce political support for ethanol production. The elimination or significant reduction in ethanol incentive programs could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. Most ethanol is currently produced from corn and other raw grains, such as milo or sorghum — especially in the Midwest. The current trend in ethanol production research is to develop an efficient method of producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass, such as agricultural waste, forest residue, municipal solid waste and energy crops (plants grown for use to make biofuels or directly exploited for the energy content). This trend is driven by the fact that cellulose-based biomass is generally cheaper than corn, and producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass would create opportunities to produce ethanol in areas that are unable to grow corn. Although current technology is not sufficiently efficient to be competitive, new conversion 23 technologies may be developed in the future. If an efficient method of producing ethanol from cellulose-based biomass is developed, the demand for corn may decrease, which could reduce demand for the nitrogen fertilizer business’ nitrogen fertilizer products, which could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Risks Related to Our Entire Business Instability and volatility in the capital and credit markets could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The capital and credit markets experienced extreme volatility and disruption over the past two years. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted by the difficult conditions and extreme volatility in the capital, credit and commodities markets and in the global economy. These factors, combined with volatile oil prices, declining business and consumer confidence and increased unemployment, have precipitated an economic recession in the U.S. and globally. The difficult conditions in these markets and the overall economy affect us in a number of ways. For example: (cid:129) Although we believe we have sufficient liquidity under our revolving credit facility to run our business, under extreme market conditions there can be no assurance that such funds would be available or sufficient, and in such a case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. (cid:129) Market volatility has exerted downward pressure on our stock price, which may make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital and thereby limit our ability to grow. (cid:129) Our credit facility contains various financial covenants that we must comply with every quarter. Although we successfully amended these covenants in December 2008 and again in October 2009, due to the current economic environment there can be no assurance that we would be able to successfully amend the agreement in the future if we were to fall out of covenant compliance. Further, any such amendment could be very expensive. (cid:129) Market conditions could result in our significant customers experiencing financial difficulties. We are exposed to the credit risk of our customers, and their failure to meet their financial obligations when due because of bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons could result in decreased sales and earnings for us. Our refinery and nitrogen fertilizer facilities face operating hazards and interruptions, including unscheduled maintenance or downtime. We could face potentially significant costs to the extent these hazards or interruptions are not fully covered by our existing insurance coverage. Insurance companies that currently insure companies in the energy industry may cease to do so, may change the coverage provided or may substantially increase premiums in the future. Our operations, located primarily in a single location, are subject to significant operating hazards and interruptions. If any of our facilities, including our refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer plant, experiences a major accident or fire, is damaged by severe weather, flooding or other natural disaster, or is otherwise forced to curtail its operations or shut down, we could incur significant losses which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Conducting all of our refining operations and fertilizer manufacturing at a single location compounds such risks. In addition, a major accident, fire, flood, crude oil discharge or other event could damage our facilities or the environment and the surrounding community or result in injuries or loss of life. For example, the flood that occurred during the weekend of June 30, 2007 shut down our refinery for seven weeks, shut down the nitrogen fertilizer facility for approximately two weeks and required significant expenditures to repair damaged equipment. If our facilities experience a major accident or fire or other event or an interruption in supply or operations, our business could be materially adversely affected if the damage or liability exceeds the amounts of business interruption, property, terrorism and other insurance that we benefit from or maintain against these 24 risks and successfully collect. As required under our existing credit facility, we maintain property and business interruption insurance. Our policy is capped at $1.0 billion and is subject to various deductibles and sub-limits for particular types of coverage (e.g., $150 million for a property loss caused by flood). In the event of a business interruption, we would not be entitled to recover our losses until the interruption exceeds 45 days in the aggregate. We are fully exposed to losses in excess of this dollar cap and the various sub-limits, or business interruption losses that occur in the 45 days of our deductible period. These losses may be material. For example, a substantial portion of our lost revenue caused by the business interruption following the flood that occurred during the weekend of June 30, 2007 could not be claimed because it was lost within 45 days after the start of the flood. The energy industry is highly capital intensive, and the entire or partial loss of individual facilities can result in significant costs to both industry participants, such as us, and their insurance carriers. In recent years, several large energy industry claims have resulted in significant increases in the level of premium costs and deductible periods for participants in the energy industry. For example, during 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused significant damage to several petroleum refineries along the U.S. Gulf Coast, in addition to numerous oil and gas production facilities and pipelines in that region. As a result of large energy industry insurance claims, insurance companies that have historically participated in underwriting energy related facilities could discontinue that practice or demand significantly higher premiums or deductibles to cover these facilities. Although we currently maintain significant amounts of insurance, insurance policies are subject to annual renewal. If significant changes in the number or financial solvency of insurance underwriters for the energy industry occur, we may be unable to obtain and maintain adequate insurance at a reasonable cost or we might need to significantly increase our retained exposures. Our refinery consists of a number of processing units, many of which have been in operation for a number of years. One or more of the units may require unscheduled down time for unanticipated maintenance or repairs on a more frequent basis than our scheduled turnaround of every three to four years for each unit, or our planned turnarounds may last longer than anticipated. The nitrogen fertilizer plant, or individual units within the plant, will require scheduled or unscheduled downtime for maintenance or repairs. In general, the nitrogen fertilizer facility requires scheduled turnaround maintenance every two years. Scheduled and unscheduled maintenance could reduce net income and cash flow during the period of time that any of our units is not operating. Environmental laws and regulations could require us to make substantial capital expenditures to remain in compliance or to remediate current or future contamination that could give rise to material liabilities. Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the emission or discharge of pollutants into the environment, product specifications and the generation, treatment, storage, transportation, disposal and remediation of solid and hazardous waste and materials. Environmental laws and regulations that affect our operations and processes, end-use and application of fertilizer and the margins for our refined products are extensive and have become progressively more stringent. Violations of these laws and regulations or permit conditions can result in substantial penalties, injunctive relief requirements compelling installation of additional controls, civil and criminal sanctions, permit revocations and/or facility shutdowns. In addition, new environmental laws and regulations, new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, increased governmental enforcement of laws and regulations or other developments could require us to make additional unforeseen expenditures. Many of these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly stringent, and the cost of compliance with these requirements can be expected to increase over time. The requirements to be met, as well as the technology and length of time available to meet those requirements, continue to develop and change. These expenditures or costs for environmental compliance could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and profitability. Our business is inherently subject to accidental spills, discharges or other releases of petroleum or hazardous substances into the environment and neighboring areas. Past or future spills related to any of our current or former operations, including our refinery, pipelines, product terminals, fertilizer plant or 25 transportation of products or hazardous substances from those facilities, may give rise to liability (including strict liability, or liability without fault, and potential cleanup responsibility) to governmental entities or private parties under federal, state or local environmental laws, as well as under common law. We could be held strictly, and under certain conditions jointly and severally, liable under CERCLA and similar state statutes for past or future spills without regard to fault or whether our actions were in compliance with the law at the time of the spills, and we could be held liable for contamination associated with facilities we currently own or operate, facilities we formerly owned or operated and facilities to which we transported or arranged for the transportation of wastes or by-products containing hazardous substances for treatment, storage, or disposal. In addition, we may face liability for alleged personal injury or property damage due to exposure to chemicals or other hazardous substances located at or released from our facilities. We may also face liability for personal injury, property damage, natural resource damage or for cleanup costs for the alleged migration of contamina- tion or other hazardous substances from our facilities to adjacent and other nearby properties. In March 2004, CRRM and CRT entered into a Consent Decree to address certain allegations of Clean Air Act violations by Farmland at our refinery in order to address the alleged violations and eliminate liabilities going forward. The costs of complying with the Consent Decree are expected to be approximately $54 million, which does not include the cleanup obligations for historic contamination at the site that are being addressed pursuant to administrative orders issued under RCRA and described in Item 1 Business — “Environmental Matters — RCRA — Impacts of Past Manufacturing.” To date, CRRM and CRT have materi- ally complied with the Consent Decree and have not had to pay any stipulated penalties, which are required to be paid for failure to comply with various terms and conditions of the Consent Decree. As described in “Environmental, Health and Safety (“EHS”) Matters” and “The Federal Clean Air Act,” CRRM has agreed in principle with the EPA to extend the refinery’s deadline under the Consent Decree to install certain air pollution controls on its FCCU due to delays caused by the June/July 2007 flood. CRRM may also enter into a “global settlement” under the National Petroleum Refining Initiative, which would require us to install additional controls and pay a civil penalty, in consideration for broad releases from liability for violations of certain “marquee” Clean Air Act programs for refineries. A number of factors could affect our ability to meet the requirements imposed by the Consent Decree and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and profitability. Two of our facilities, including our Coffeyville refinery and the Phillipsburg terminal (which operated as a refinery until 1991), have environmental contamination. We have assumed Farmland’s responsibilities under certain RCRA administrative orders related to contamination at or that originated from the refinery (which includes portions of the nitrogen fertilizer plant) and the Phillipsburg terminal. If significant unknown liabilities that have been undetected to date by our soil and groundwater investigation and sampling programs arise in the areas where we have assumed liability for the corrective action, that liability could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and may not be covered by insurance. Additionally, environmental and other laws and regulations have a significant effect on fertilizer end-use and application. Future environmental laws and regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, could limit the ability of the nitrogen fertilizer business to market and sell its products to end users. From time to time, various state legislatures have proposed bans or other limitations on fertilizer products. Any such future laws or regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. Greenhouse gas emissions and proposed climate change laws and regulations could adversely affect our performance. Currently, various legislative and regulatory measures to address greenhouse gas emissions (including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides) are in various phases of discussion or implementation. These include proposed federal legislation and regulation and state actions to develop statewide or regional programs, which would require reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. At the federal legislative level, Congress may adopt some form of federal mandatory greenhouse gas emission reductions legislation or regulation, although the specific requirements and timing of any such legislation are uncertain at this time. In June 2009, the 26 U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill that would create a nationwide cap-and-trade program designed to regulate emissions of carbon dioxide (“CO2”), methane and other greenhouse gases. The bill would institute a cap on greenhouse gas emissions and establish a program to trade emission allowances. To comply with these cap regulations, companies could reduce actual emissions by installing equipment designed for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gases or by curtailing operations. Alternatively, compliance could be met by purchasing emissions allowances on the open market. A similar bill has been introduced in the U.S. Senate; however, Senate passage of the counterpart legislation is uncertain. It is also possible that the Senate may debate and pass alternative climate change bills that do not mandate a nationwide cap-and-trade program and instead focus on promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency. In the absence of congressional legislation regulating greenhouse gas emissions, the EPA is moving ahead administratively under its federal Clean Air Act authority. On December 7, 2009, the EPA finalized its “endangerment finding” that greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2, pose a threat to human health and welfare. The finding allows the EPA to regulate greenhouse gas emissions as air pollutants under the federal Clean Air Act. Additionally, the EPA has finalized rules on greenhouse gas emissions inventory reporting rules and has proposed a number of rules aimed at regulating greenhouse gas emissions. Because current “major source” thresholds under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) and Title V programs of the federal Clean Air Act would subject small sources of greenhouse gas emissions to permitting requirements as major stationary sources, the EPA has proposed a Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule, which would raise the statutory “major source” threshold for greenhouse gas emissions in order to prevent such small sources from being considered major stationary sources subject to permitting requirements under the PSD and Title V rules. The EPA has further indicated that no stationary source will be required to obtain a federal Clean Air Act permit to cover greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 and that phase-in permit requirements will begin for the largest stationary sources in 2011. The EPA’s endangerment finding, the Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule and certain other greenhouse gas emission rules have been challenged and will likely be subject to extensive litigation and the expectations for challenges and litigation are the same for any proposed rules aimed at regulating greenhouse gas emissions that are finalized by the EPA. For example, petitions have been filed on behalf of various parties in the United States Court of Appeals from the D.C. Circuit challenging EPA’s endangerment finding. In addition, Senate bills to overturn the endangerment finding and bar the EPA from regulating greenhouse gas emissions, or at least to defer such action by the EPA under the federal Clean Air Act are under consideration. In the absence of existing federal legislation or regulations, a number of states have adopted regional greenhouse gas initiatives to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions. In 2007, a group of Midwest states, including Kansas (where our refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer facility are located), formed the Midwestern Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord, which calls for the development of a cap-and-trade system to control greenhouse gas emissions and for the inventory of such emissions. However, the individual states that have signed on to the accord must adopt laws or regulations implementing the trading scheme before it becomes effective, and the timing and specific requirements of any such laws or regulations in Kansas are uncertain at this time. The implementation of regulations proposed by the EPA and/or the passage of federal or state climate change legislation (including any such legislation that mandates a cap-and-trade system will likely result in increased costs to (i) operate and maintain our facilities, (ii) install new emission controls on our facilities and (iii) administer and manage any greenhouse gas emissions program. Increased costs associated with compli- ance with any future legislation or regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, if it occurs, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, EPA regulations and/or federal or state legislation regulating the emission of greenhouse gasses may result in increased costs not only for our business but also for the consumers of refined fuels. Increased consumer costs for refined fuels costs could impact the demand for refined fuels produced through the use of fossil fuels. Decreased demand for refined fuels may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition to the impact of increased regulation of greenhouse gas emissions on producers and consumers of refined fuels, climate change legislation and regulations would 27 likely increase costs for agricultural producers that utilize our fertilizer products, thereby potentially decreasing demand for our fertilizer products. We are subject to strict laws and regulations regarding employee and process safety, and failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and profitability. We are subject to the requirements of OSHA and comparable state statutes that regulate the protection of the health and safety of workers. In addition, OSHA requires that we maintain information about hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that we provide this information to employees, state and local governmental authorities, and local residents. Failure to comply with OSHA requirements, including general industry standards, process safety standards and control of occupational exposure to regulated substances, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business if we are subjected to significant fines or compliance costs. Both the petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses depend on significant customers and the loss of one or several significant customers may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition. The petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses both have a high concentration of customers. Our five largest customers in the petroleum business represented 48.8% of our petroleum sales for the year ended December 31, 2009. Further in the aggregate, the top five ammonia customers of the nitrogen fertilizer business represented 43.9% of its ammonia sales for the year ended December 31, 2009 and the top five UAN customers of the nitrogen fertilizer business represented 44.2% of its UAN sales for the same period. Several significant petroleum, ammonia and UAN customers each account for more than 10% of sales of petroleum, ammonia and UAN, respectively. Given the nature of our business, and consistent with industry practice, we do not have long-term minimum purchase contracts with any of our customers. The loss of one or several of these significant customers, or a significant reduction in purchase volume by any of them, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. The acquisition strategy of our petroleum business and the nitrogen fertilizer business involves significant risks. Both our petroleum business and the nitrogen fertilizer business will consider pursuing acquisitions and expansion projects in order to continue to grow and increase profitability. However, acquisitions and expansions involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including intense competition for suitable acquisition targets; the potential unavailability of financial resources necessary to consummate acquisitions and expan- sions; difficulties in identifying suitable acquisition targets and expansion projects or in completing any transactions identified on sufficiently favorable terms; and the need to obtain regulatory or other governmental approvals that may be necessary to complete acquisitions and expansions. In addition, any future acquisitions may entail significant transaction costs and risks associated with entry into new markets and lines of business. In addition, even when acquisitions are completed, integration of acquired entities can involve significant difficulties, such as: (cid:129) unforeseen difficulties in the acquired operations and disruption of the ongoing operations of our petroleum business and the nitrogen fertilizer business; (cid:129) failure to achieve cost savings or other financial or operating objectives with respect to an acquisition; (cid:129) strain on the operational and managerial controls and procedures of our petroleum business and the nitrogen fertilizer business, and the need to modify systems or to add management resources; (cid:129) difficulties in the integration and retention of customers or personnel and the integration and effective deployment of operations or technologies; (cid:129) assumption of unknown material liabilities or regulatory non-compliance issues; 28 (cid:129) amortization of acquired assets, which would reduce future reported earnings; (cid:129) possible adverse short-term effects on our cash flows or operating results; and (cid:129) diversion of management’s attention from the ongoing operations of our business. In addition, in connection with any potential acquisition or expansion project involving the nitrogen fertilizer business, the nitrogen fertilizer business will need to consider whether the business it intends to acquire or expansion project it intends to pursue (including the CO2 sequestration or sale project the nitrogen fertilizer business is considering) could affect the nitrogen fertilizer business’ tax treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. If the nitrogen fertilizer business is otherwise unable to conclude that the activities of the business being acquired or the expansion project would not affect the Partnership’s treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the nitrogen fertilizer business may elect to seek a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). Seeking such a ruling could be costly or, in the case of competitive acquisitions, place the nitrogen fertilizer business in a competitive disadvantage compared to other potential acquirers who do not seek such a ruling. If the nitrogen fertilizer business is unable to conclude that an activity would not affect its treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the nitrogen fertilizer business may choose to acquire such business or develop such expansion project in a corporate subsidiary, which would subject the income related to such activity to entity-level taxation. Failure to manage these acquisition and expansion growth risks could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business. There can be no assurance that we will be able to consummate any acquisitions or expansions, successfully integrate acquired entities, or generate positive cash flow at any acquired company or expansion project. We are a holding company and depend upon our subsidiaries for our cash flow. We are a holding company. Our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own substantially all of our assets. Consequently, our cash flow and our ability to meet our obligations or to pay dividends or make other distributions in the future will depend upon the cash flow of our subsidiaries and the payment of funds by our subsidiaries to us in the form of dividends, tax sharing payments or otherwise. In addition, CRLLC, our indirect subsidiary, which is the primary obligor under our existing credit facility, is a holding company and its ability to meet its debt service obligations depends on the cash flow of its subsidiaries. The ability of our subsidiaries to make any payments to us will depend on their earnings, the terms of their indebtedness, including the terms of our credit facility, tax considerations and legal restrictions. In particular, our credit facility currently imposes significant limitations on the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us and consequently our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. Distributions that we receive from the Partnership will be primarily reinvested in our business rather than distributed to our stockholders. Our significant indebtedness may affect our ability to operate our business, and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As of December 31, 2009, we had total term debt outstanding of $479.5 million, $63.8 million in letters of credit outstanding and borrowing availability of $86.2 million under our credit facility. We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. If new indebtedness is added to our current indebtedness, the risks described below could increase. Our high level of indebtedness could have important consequences, such as: (cid:129) limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund our working capital needs, capital expendi- tures, debt service requirements or for other purposes; (cid:129) limiting our ability to use operating cash flow in other areas of our business because we must dedicate a substantial portion of these funds to service debt; (cid:129) limiting our ability to compete with other companies who are not as highly leveraged, as we may be less capable of responding to adverse economic and industry conditions; 29 (cid:129) placing restrictive financial and operating covenants in the agreements governing our and our subsidiaries’ long-term indebtedness and bank loans, including, in the case of certain indebtedness of subsidiaries, certain covenants that restrict the ability of subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us; (cid:129) exposing us to potential events of default (if not cured or waived) under financial and operating covenants contained in our or our subsidiaries’ debt instruments that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results; (cid:129) increasing our vulnerability to a downturn in general economic conditions or in pricing of our products; and (cid:129) limiting our ability to react to changing market conditions in our industry and in our customers’ industries. In addition, borrowings under our existing credit facility bear interest at variable rates subject to a LIBOR and base rate floor. If market interest rates increase, such variable-rate debt will create higher debt service requirements, which could adversely affect our cash flow. Our interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $44.2 million. A 1% increase or decrease in the applicable interest rates under our credit facility, using average debt outstanding at December 31, 2009, would correspondingly change our interest expense by approximately $4.8 million per year. Our interest costs are also affected by our credit ratings. If our credit ratings decline in the future, the interest rates we are charged on debt under our credit facility could increase incrementally by 0.25%, up to 1.0%, contingent upon our credit rating. In addition, changes in our credit ratings may affect the way crude oil and feedstock suppliers view our ability to make payments and may induce them to shorten the payment terms of their invoices. Given the large dollar amounts and volume of our feedstock purchases, a change in payment terms may have a material adverse effect on our liability and our ability to make payments to our suppliers. In addition to our debt service obligations, our operations require substantial investments on a continuing basis. Our ability to make scheduled debt payments, to refinance our obligations with respect to our indebtedness and to fund capital and non-capital expenditures necessary to maintain the condition of our operating assets, properties and systems software, as well as to provide capacity for the growth of our business, depends on our financial and operating performance, which, in turn, is subject to prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, competitive, legal and other factors. In addition, we are and will be subject to covenants contained in agreements governing our present and future indebtedness. These covenants include and will likely include restrictions on certain payments, the granting of liens, the incurrence of additional indebtedness, dividend restrictions affecting subsidiaries, asset sales, transactions with affiliates and mergers and consolidations. Any failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under our credit facility. Upon a default, unless waived, the lenders under our credit facility would have all remedies available to a secured lender, and could elect to terminate their commitments, cease making further loans, institute foreclosure proceedings against our or our subsidiaries’ assets, and force us and our subsidiaries into bankruptcy or liquidation. In addition, any defaults under the credit facility or any other debt could trigger cross defaults under other or future credit agreements. Our operating results may not be sufficient to service our indebtedness or to fund our other expenditures and we may not be able to obtain financing to meet these requirements. A substantial portion of our workforce is unionized and we are subject to the risk of labor disputes and adverse employee relations, which may disrupt our business and increase our costs. As of December 31, 2009, approximately 39% of our employees, all of whom work in our petroleum business, were represented by labor unions under collective bargaining agreements. Our collective bargaining agreement with the United Steelworkers will expire in March 2012 and our collective bargaining agreement with the Metal Trades Unions will expire in March 2013. We may not be able to renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements when they expire on satisfactory terms or at all. A failure to do so may increase our costs. In addition, our existing labor agreements may not prevent a strike or work stoppage at any of our facilities in the future, and any work stoppage could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition. 30 Our business may suffer if any of our key senior executives or other key employees discontinues employment with us. Furthermore, a shortage of skilled labor or disruptions in our labor force may make it difficult for us to maintain labor productivity. Our future success depends to a large extent on the services of our key senior executives and key senior employees. Our business depends on our continuing ability to recruit, train and retain highly qualified employees in all areas of our operations, including accounting, business operations, finance and other key back-office and mid-office personnel. Furthermore, our operations require skilled and experienced employees with proficiency in multiple tasks. The competition for these employees is intense, and the loss of these executives or employees could harm our business. If any of these executives or other key personnel resign or become unable to continue in their present roles and are not adequately replaced, our business operations could be materially adversely affected. We do not maintain any “key man” life insurance for any executives. New regulations concerning the transportation of hazardous chemicals, risks of terrorism and the security of chemical manufacturing facilities could result in higher operating costs. The costs of complying with regulations relating to the transportation of hazardous chemicals and security associated with the refining and nitrogen fertilizer facilities may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the cash flows. Targets such as refining and chemical manufacturing facilities may be at greater risk of future terrorist attacks than other targets in the United States. As a result, the petroleum and chemical industries have responded to the issues that arose due to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 by starting new initiatives relating to the security of petroleum and chemical industry facilities and the transportation of hazardous chemicals in the United States. Future terrorist attacks could lead to even stronger, more costly initiatives. Simultaneously, local, state and federal governments have begun a regulatory process that could lead to new regulations impacting the security of refinery and chemical plant locations and the transportation of petroleum and hazardous chemicals. Our business could be materially adversely affected by the cost of complying with new regulations. We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules and, as a result, qualify for, and are relying on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. A company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, a group or another company is a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NYSE rules and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE, including: (cid:129) the requirement that a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors; (cid:129) the requirement that we have a nominating/corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors; and (cid:129) the requirement that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors. We are relying on all of these exemptions as a controlled company. Accordingly, our stockholders do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE. Compliance with and changes in the tax laws could adversely affect our performance. We are subject to extensive tax liabilities, including United States and state income taxes and transactional taxes such as excise, sales/use, payroll, and franchise and withholding. New tax laws and regulations are continuously being enacted or proposed that could result in increased expenditures for tax liabilities in the future. 31 Risks Related to Our Common Stock The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds control us and may have conflicts of interest with other stockholders. Conflicts of interest may arise because our principal stockholders or their affiliates have continuing agreements and business relationships with us. As of the date of this Report, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds control approximately 27.9% and 36.4% of our outstanding common stock, respectively (collectively, they control approximately 64.3% of our outstanding common stock). Due to their equity ownership, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds are able to control the election of our directors, determine our corporate and management policies and determine, without the consent of our other stockholders, the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to our stockholders for approval, including potential mergers or acquisitions, asset sales and other significant corporate transactions. The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds also have sufficient voting power to amend our organizational documents. Conflicts of interest may arise between our principal stockholders and us. Affiliates of some of our principal stockholders engage in transactions with our company. Goldman Sachs Credit Partners, L.P. is the joint lead arranger for our credit facility. Further, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds are in the business of making investments in companies and may, from time to time, acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us and they may either directly, or through affiliates, also maintain business relationships with companies that may directly compete with us. In general, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds or their affiliates could pursue business interests or exercise their voting power as stockholders in ways that are detrimental to us, but beneficial to themselves or to other companies in which they invest or with whom they have a material relationship. Conflicts of interest could also arise with respect to business opportunities that could be advantageous to the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds and they may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds have no obligation to offer us corporate opportunities. Other conflicts of interest may arise between our principal stockholders and us because the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds control the managing general partner of the Partnership which holds the nitrogen fertilizer business. The managing general partner manages the operations of the Partnership (subject to our rights to participate in the appointment, termination and compensation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the managing general partner and our other specified joint management rights) and also holds IDRs which, over time, entitle the managing general partner to receive increasing percentages of the Partnership’s quarterly distributions if the Partnership increases the amount of distributions. Although the managing general partner has a fiduciary duty to manage the Partnership in a manner beneficial to the Partnership and us (as a holder of special units in the Partnership), the fiduciary duty is limited by the terms of the partnership agreement and the directors and officers of the managing general partner also have a fiduciary duty to manage the managing general partner in a manner beneficial to the owners of the managing general partner. The interests of the owners of the managing general partner may differ significantly from, or conflict with, our interests and the interests of our stockholders. Under the terms of the Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds have no obligation to offer the Partnership business opportunities. The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds may pursue acquisition opportunities for themselves that would be otherwise beneficial to the nitrogen fertilizer business and, as a result, these acquisition opportunities would not be available to the Partnership. The partnership agreement provides that the owners of its managing general partner, which include the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds, are permitted to engage in separate businesses that directly compete with the nitrogen fertilizer business and are not required to share or communicate or offer any potential business opportunities to the Partnership even if the opportunity is one that the Partnership might reasonably have pursued. As a result of these conflicts, the managing general partner of the Partnership may favor its own interests and/or the interests of its owners over our interests and the interests of our stockholders (and the interests of the Partnership). In particular, because the managing general partner owns the IDRs, it may be incentivized to maximize future cash flows by taking current actions which may be in its best interests over the long-term. In addition, if the value of the managing general partner interest were to increase over time, this increase in value and any realization of such 32 value upon a sale of the managing general partner interest would benefit the owners of the managing general partner, which are the Goldman Sachs Funds, the Kelso Funds and our senior management, rather than our company and our stockholders. Such increase in value could be significant if the Partnership performs well. Further, decisions made by the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds with respect to their shares of common stock could trigger cash payments to be made by us to certain members of our senior management under the Phantom Unit Plans. Phantom points granted under the Amended and Restated CRLLC Phantom Unit Appreciation Plan (Plan I), or the “Phantom Unit Plan I,” and phantom points that we granted under the Amended and Restated CRLLC Phantom Unit Appreciation Plan (Plan II), or the “Phantom Unit Plan II” and together with the Phantom Unit Plan I, the “Phantom Unit Plans”, represent a contractual right to receive a cash payment when payment is made in respect of certain profits interests in CALLC and CALLC II. If either the Goldman Sachs Funds or the Kelso Funds sell any of the shares of common stock of CVR Energy which they beneficially own through CALLC or CALLC II, as applicable, they may then cause CALLC or CALLC II, as applicable, to make distributions to their members in respect of their profits interests. Because payments under the Phantom Unit Plans are triggered by payments in respect of profit interests under the limited liability company agreements of CALLC and CALLC II, we would therefore be obligated to make cash payments under the Phantom Unit Plans. This could negatively affect our cash reserves, which could have a material adverse effect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. As a result of these relationships, including their ownership of the managing general partner of the Partnership, the interests of the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds may not coincide with the interests of our company or other holders of our common stock. So long as the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds continue to control a significant amount of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds will continue to be able to strongly influence or effectively control our decisions, including potential mergers or acquisitions, asset sales and other significant corporate transactions. In addition, so long as the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds continue to control the managing general partner of the Partnership, they will be able to effectively control actions taken by the Partnership (subject to our specified joint management rights), which may not be in our interests or the interest of our stockholders. Shares eligible for future sale may cause the price of our common stock to decline. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. This could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we are authorized to issue up to 350,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 86,329,237 shares of common stock were outstanding as of March 10, 2010. Of these shares, the 23,000,000 shares of common stock sold in the initial public offering are freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act by persons other than “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. In addition, another 7,376,264 shares of common stock were sold into the public market as a result of a secondary public offering that was completed on November 12, 2009, by CALLC II. The resale of shares by CALLC II was made possible by the filing of a shelf registration on February 12, 2009 whereby CALLC and CALLC II made eligible 7,376,265 and 7,376,264 shares, respec- tively. CALLC and CALLC II currently own 31,433,360 and 24,057,096 shares, respectively. CALLC and CALLC II have additional registration rights with respect to the remainder of their shares. Risks Related to the Limited Partnership Structure Through Which We Hold Our Interest in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Business There are risks associated with the limited partnership structure through which we hold our interest in the Nitrogen Fertilizer Business. Some of these risks include: (cid:129) Because we neither serve as, nor control, the managing general partner of the Partnership, the managing general partner may operate the Partnership in a manner with which we disagree or which is not in our interest. CVR GP, LLC or Fertilizer GP, which is owned by our controlling stockholders and senior 33 management, is the managing general partner of the Partnership which holds the nitrogen fertilizer business. The managing general partner is authorized to manage the operations of the nitrogen fertilizer business (subject to our specified joint management rights), and we do not control the managing general partner. Although our senior management also serves as the senior management of Fertilizer GP, in accordance with a services agreement among us, Fertilizer GP and the Partnership, our senior management operates the Partnership under the direction of the managing general partner’s board of directors and Fertilizer GP has the right to select different management at any time (subject to our joint right in relation to the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the managing general partner). Accordingly, the managing general partner may operate the Partnership in a manner with which we disagree or which is not in the interests of our company and our stockholders. (cid:129) We may be required in the future to share increasing portions of the cash flows of the nitrogen fertilizer business with third parties and we may in the future be required to deconsolidate the nitrogen fertilizer business from our consolidated financial statements. (cid:129) The Partnership has a preferential right to pursue most corporate opportunities (outside of the refining business) before we can pursue them. Also, we have agreed with the Partnership that we will not own or operate a fertilizer business other than the Partnership (with certain exceptions). (cid:129) If the Partnership elects to pursue and completes a public offering or private placement of limited partner interests, our voting power in the Partnership would be reduced and our rights to distributions from the Partnership could be materially adversely affected. (cid:129) If the managing general partner of the Partnership elects to pursue a public or private offering of Partnership interests, we will be required to use our commercially reasonable efforts to amend our credit facility to remove the Partnership as a guarantor. Any such amendment could results in increased fees to us or other onerous terms in our credit facility. In addition, we may not be able to obtain such an amendment on terms acceptable to us or at all. (cid:129) Fertilizer GP can require us to be a selling unit holder in the Partnership’s initial offering at an undesirable time or price. (cid:129) Our rights to remove Fertilizer GP as managing general partner of the Partnership are extremely limited. (cid:129) Fertilizer GP’s interest in the Partnership and the control of Fertilizer GP may be transferred to a third party without our consent. The new owners of Fertilizer GP may have no interest in CVR Energy and may take actions that are not in our interest. Our rights to receive distributions from the Partnership may be limited over time. Fertilizer GP will have no right to receive distributions in respect of its IDRs (i) until the Partnership has distributed all aggregate adjusted operating surplus generated by the Partnership during the period from October 24, 2007 through December 31, 2009 and (ii) for so long as the Partnership or its subsidiaries are guarantors under our credit facility (the date both of the actions described in (i) and (ii) are completed is referred to as the “IDR Effective Date”). The Partnership and its subsidiaries are currently guarantors under our credit facility, but if Fertilizer GP seeks to consummate a public or private offering, we will be required to use our commercially reasonable efforts to release the Partnership and its subsidiaries from our credit facility. As of the IDR Effective Date, distributions of amounts greater than the aggregate adjusted operating surplus generated will be allocated between us and Fertilizer GP (and the holders of any other interests in the Partnership), and thereafter, the allocation will grant Fertilizer GP a greater percentage of the Partnership’s distributions as more cash becomes available for distribution. After the IDR Effective Date, if quarterly distributions exceed the target of $0.4313 per unit, Fertilizer GP will be entitled to increasing percentages of the distributions, up to 48% of the distributions above the highest target level, in respect of its IDRs. Fertilizer GP’s discretion in determining the level of cash reserves may materially adversely affect the Partnership’s ability to make distributions to us. 34 The managing general partner of the Partnership has a fiduciary duty to favor the interests of its owners, and these interests may differ from, or conflict with, our interests and the interests of our stockholders. The managing general partner of the Partnership, Fertilizer GP, is responsible for the management of the Partnership (subject to our specified joint management rights). Although Fertilizer GP has a fiduciary duty to manage the Partnership in a manner beneficial to the Partnership and holders of interests in the Partnership (including us, in our capacity as holder of special units), the fiduciary duty is specifically limited by the express terms of the partnership agreement and the directors and officers of Fertilizer GP also have a fiduciary duty to manage Fertilizer GP in a manner beneficial to the owners of Fertilizer GP. The interests of the owners of Fertilizer GP may differ from, or conflict with, our interests and the interests of our stockholders. In resolving these conflicts, Fertilizer GP may favor its own interests and/or the interests of its owners over our interests and the interests of our stockholders (and the interests of the Partnership). In addition, while our directors and officers have a fiduciary duty to make decisions in our interests and the interests of our stockholders, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is also a general partner of the Partnership and, therefore, in such capacity, has a fiduciary duty to exercise rights as general partner in a manner beneficial to the Partnership and its unitholders, subject to the limitations contained in the partnership agreement. As a result of these conflicts, our directors and officers may feel obligated to take actions that benefit the Partnership as opposed to us and our stockholders. The potential conflicts of interest include, among others, the following: (cid:129) Fertilizer GP, as managing general partner of the Partnership, holds all of the IDRs in the Partnership. IDRs give Fertilizer GP a right to increasing percentages of the Partnership’s quarterly distributions after the IDR Effective Date, and if the quarterly distributions exceed the target of $0.4313 per unit. Fertilizer GP may have an incentive to manage the Partnership in a manner which preserves or increases the possibility of these future cash flows rather than in a manner that preserves or increases current cash flows. (cid:129) The owners of Fertilizer GP, who are also our controlling stockholders and senior management, are permitted to compete with us or the Partnership or to own businesses that compete with us or the Partnership. In addition, the owners of Fertilizer GP are not required to share business opportunities with us, and our owners are not required to share business opportunities with the Partnership or Fertilizer GP. (cid:129) Neither the partnership agreement nor any other agreement requires the owners of Fertilizer GP to pursue a business strategy that favors us or the Partnership. The owners of Fertilizer GP have fiduciary duties to make decisions in their own best interests, which may be contrary to our interests and the interests of the Partnership. In addition, Fertilizer GP is allowed to take into account the interests of parties other than us, such as its owners, or the Partnership in resolving conflicts of interest, which has the effect of limiting its fiduciary duty to us. (cid:129) Fertilizer GP has limited its liability and reduced its fiduciary duties under the partnership agreement and has also restricted the remedies available to the unitholders of the Partnership, including us, for actions that, without the limitations, might constitute breaches of fiduciary duty. As a result of our ownership interest in the Partnership, we may consent to some actions and conflicts of interest that might otherwise constitute a breach of fiduciary or other duties under applicable state law. (cid:129) Fertilizer GP determines the amount and timing of asset purchases and sales, capital expenditures, borrowings, repayment of indebtedness, issuances of additional partnership interests and cash reserves maintained by the Partnership (subject to our specified joint management rights), each of which can affect the amount of cash that is available for distribution to us. (cid:129) Fertilizer GP is also able to determine the amount and timing of any capital expenditures and whether a capital expenditure is for maintenance, which reduces operating surplus, or expansion, which does not. Such determinations can affect the amount of cash that is available for distribution and the manner in which the cash is distributed. 35 (cid:129) The partnership agreement does not restrict Fertilizer GP from causing the nitrogen fertilizer business to pay it or its affiliates for any services rendered to the Partnership or entering into additional contractual arrangements with any of these entities on behalf of the Partnership. (cid:129) Fertilizer GP determines which costs incurred by it and its affiliates are reimbursable by the Partnership. (cid:129) The executive officers of Fertilizer GP, and the majority of the directors of Fertilizer GP, also serve as our directors and/or executive officers. The executive officers who work for both us and Fertilizer GP, including our chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer and general counsel, divide their time between our business and the business of the Partnership. These executive officers will face conflicts of interest from time to time in making decisions which may benefit either us or the Partnership. The Fertilizer GP can require us to purchase its managing general partner interest in the Partnership. We may not have requisite funds to do so. As the Partnership did not consummate an initial private or public offering by October 24, 2009, the Fertilizer GP can require us to purchase the managing general partner interest. This put right expires on the earlier of (1) October 24, 2012 and (2) the closing of the Partnership’s initial offering. The purchase price will be the fair market value of the managing general partner interest, as determined by an independent investment banking firm selected by us and Fertilizer GP. Fertilizer GP will determine in its discretion whether the Partnership will consummate an initial offering. If Fertilizer GP elects to require us to purchase the managing general partner interest, we may not have available cash resources to pay the purchase price. In addition, any purchase of the managing general partner interest would divert our capital resources from other intended uses, including capital expenditures and growth capital. In addition, the instruments governing our indebtedness may limit our ability to acquire, or prohibit us from acquiring, the managing general partner interest. If we were deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, applicable restrictions would make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business. We may in the future be required to sell some or all of our part- nership interests in order to avoid being deemed an investment company, and such sales could result in gains taxable to the company. In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), unless we can qualify for an exemption, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) and that we do not own or acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We believe that we are not currently an investment company because our general partner interests in the Partnership should not be considered to be securities under the 1940 Act and, in any event, both our refinery business and the nitrogen fertilizer business are operated through majority-owned subsidiaries. In addition, even if our general partner interests in the Partnership were considered securities or investment securities, we believe that they do not currently have a value exceeding 40% of the fair market value of our total assets on an unconsolidated basis. However, there is a risk that we could be deemed an investment company if the SEC or a court determines that our general partner interests in the Partnership are securities or investment securities under the 1940 Act and if our Partnership interests constituted more than 40% of the value of our total assets. Currently, our interests in the Partnership constitute less than 40% of our total assets on an unconsolidated basis, but they could constitute a higher percentage of the fair market value of our total assets in the future if the value of our Partnership interests increases, the value of our other assets decreases, or some combination thereof occurs. 36 We intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. However, if we were deemed an investment company, restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, including limitations on our capital structure and our ability to transact with affiliates, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business and the price of our common stock. In order to avoid registration as an investment company under the 1940 Act, we may have to sell some or all of our interests in the Partnership at a time or price we would not otherwise have chosen. The gain on such sale would be taxable to us. We may also choose to seek to acquire additional assets that may not be deemed investment securities, although such assets may not be available at favorable prices. Under the 1940 Act, we may have only up to one year to take any such actions. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties The following table contains certain information regarding our principal properties: Location Acres Own/Lease Use Coffeyville, KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Own Phillipsburg, KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montgomery County, KS (Coffeyville Station) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montgomery County, KS (Broome Station) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bartlesville, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Winfield, KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cowley County, KS (Hooser Station) . . . . . Holdrege, NE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stockton, KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Own Own 20 20 25 5 80 7 6 Own Own Own Own Own Own Coffeyville Resources: oil refinery and office buildings Partnership: fertilizer plant Terminal facility Crude oil storage Crude oil storage Truck storage and office buildings Truck storage Crude oil storage Crude oil storage Crude oil storage We also lease property for our executive office which is located at 2277 Plaza Drive in Sugar Land, Texas. Additionally, other corporate office space is leased in Kansas City, Kansas. As of December 31, 2009, we had storage capacity for 767,000 barrels of gasoline, 1,068,000 barrels of distillates, 1,004,000 barrels of intermediates and 3,904,000 barrels of crude oil. The crude oil storage consisted of 674,000 barrels of refinery storage capacity, 520,000 barrels of field storage capacity and 2,710,000 barrels of storage at Cushing, Oklahoma. We expect that our current owned and leased facilities will be sufficient for our needs over the next twelve months. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are, and will continue to be, subject to litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of our business, including matters such as those described under “Business — Environmental Matters.” We also incorporate by reference into this Part I, Item 3, the information regarding two lawsuits in Note 14, “Commitments and Contingencies” to our Consolidated Financial Statements as set forth in Part II, Item 7. Included in this note is a description of the Samson litigation and the TransCanada litigation. Although we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate resolution of lawsuits, investigations or claims asserted against us, we do not believe that any currently pending legal proceeding or proceedings to which we are a party will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. 37 PART II Item 4. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “CVI” and commenced trading on October 23, 2007. The table below sets forth, for the quarter indicated, the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock: 2009: High Low First Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6.71 10.74 Second Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.67 Third Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.89 Fourth Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.13 5.24 6.21 6.50 2008: High Low First Quarter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.94 28.88 Second Quarter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.75 Third Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.01 Fourth Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.71 18.17 8.47 2.15 Holders of Record As of March 10, 2010, there were 450 stockholders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders. Dividend Policy We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings from our refinery business, if any, together with any distributions we may receive from the Partnership, to finance operations, expand our business, and make principal payments on our debt. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors that the board deems relevant. In addition, the covenants contained in our credit facility limit the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, which limits our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders, including any amounts received from the Partnership in the form of quarterly distributions. Our ability to pay dividends also may be limited by covenants contained in the instruments governing future indebtedness that we or our subsidiaries may incur in the future. In addition, the partnership agreement which governs the Partnership includes restrictions on the Partnership’s ability to make distributions to us. If the Partnership issues limited partner interests to third party investors, these investors will have rights to receive distributions which, in some cases, will be senior to our rights to receive distributions. In addition, the managing general partner of the Partnership has IDRs which, over time, will give it rights to receive distributions. These provisions limit the amount of distributions which the Partnership can make to us which, in turn, limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, since the Partnership makes its distributions to CVR Special GP, LLC, which is controlled by CRLLC, a subsidiary of ours, our credit facility limits the ability of CRLLC to distribute these distributions to us. In addition, the Partnership may also enter into its own credit facility or other contracts that limit its ability to make distributions to us. 38 Stock Performance Graph The following graph sets forth the cumulative return on our common stock between October 23, 2007, the date on which our stock commenced trading on the NYSE, and December 31, 2009, as compared to the cumulative return of the Russell 2000 Index and an industry peer group consisting of Holly Corporation, Frontier Oil Corporation and Western Refining, Inc. The graph assumes an investment of $100 on October 23, 2007 in our common stock, the Russell 2000 Index and the industry peer group, and assumes the reinvestment of dividends where applicable. The closing market price for our common stock on December 31, 2009 was $6.86. The stock price performance shown on the graph is not intended to forecast and does not necessarily indicate future price performance. COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN BETWEEN OCTOBER 23, 2007 AND DECEMBER 31, 2009 among CVR Energy, Inc., Russell 2000 Index and a peer group Peer Group Russell 2000 Index CVR Energy $140.00 $120.00 $100.00 $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 $00.00 Oct-07 Dec-07 Mar-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 Mar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09 This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act. Oct ‘07 Dec ‘07 Mar ‘08 Jun ‘08 Sep ‘08 Dec ‘08 Mar ‘09 Jun ‘09 Sep ‘09 Dec ‘09 CVR Energy, Inc. . . Russell 2000 Index . . Peer Group . . . . . . . . 100.00 123.16 93.59 100.00 84.02 100.00 113.73 84.05 58.83 95.06 84.26 50.99 42.07 83.02 40.49 19.75 61.02 27.68 27.36 51.65 33.43 36.20 62.10 27.26 61.43 73.83 31.52 33.88 76.40 28.34 39 Equity Compensation Plans The table below contains information about securities authorized for issuance under our long-term incentive plan as of December 31, 2009. This plan was approved by our stockholders in October 2007. Equity Compensation Plan Information Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: CVR Energy, Inc. Long- Term Incentive Plan . . . . Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders: Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans 32,350 $19.08 7,102,644 None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,350 — $19.08 — 7,102,644 Included in the CVR Energy, Inc. 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan are shares of non-vested common stock, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, share awards and performance awards. As of December 31, 2009, 383,377 shares of non-vested common stock had been issued under this plan, of which 3,100 shares have been forfeited and 177,060 remain unvested. Item 5. Selected Financial Data You should read the selected historical consolidated financial data presented below in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consoli- dated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report. The selected consolidated financial information presented below under the caption “Statements of Operations Data” for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 and the selected consolidated financial information presented below under the caption “Balance Sheet Data” as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report, which financial statements have been audited by KPMG LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm. The consolidated financial information presented below under the caption “Statement of Operations Data” for the year ended December 31, 2006, the 233-day period ended December 31, 2005, the 174-day period ended June 23, 2005 and the consolidated financial information presented below under the caption “Balance Sheet Data” at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Report. On June 24, 2005, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement dated May 15, 2005, CALLC acquired all of the subsidiaries of Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC (“Predecessor”). We refer to this acquisition as the Acquisition, and we refer to our post-June 24, 2005 operations as Successor. As a result of certain adjustments made in connection with this Acquisition, a new basis of accounting was established on the date of the Acquisition. Included in the selected financial data below is a period of time when our business was operated by the Predecessor for the 174-days ended June 23, 2005. Since the assets and liabilities of Successor and Predecessor were each presented on a new basis of accounting, the financial information for Successor and Predecessor are not comparable. We calculate earnings per share in 2007 and 2006 on a pro forma basis. This calculation gives effect to the issuance of 23,000,000 shares in our initial public offering, the merger of two subsidiaries of CALLC with two of our direct wholly owned subsidiaries, the 628,667.20 for 1 stock split, the issuance of 247,471 shares of our common stock to our chief executive officer in exchange for his shares in two of our subsidiaries, the issuance of 27,100 shares of our common stock to our employees and the issuance of 17,500 non-vested shares of our common stock to two of our directors. The weighted-average shares outstanding for 2006 also gives effect to an increase in the number of shares which, when multiplied by the initial public offering price, would 40 be sufficient to replace the capital in excess of earnings withdrawn, as a result of our paying dividends in the year ended December 31, 2006 in excess of earnings for such period, or 3,075,194 shares. We have omitted earnings per share data for Predecessor because we operated under a different capital structure than what we currently operate under and, therefore, the information is not meaningful. Financial data for the 2005 fiscal year is presented as the 174-days ended June 23, 2005 and the 233-days ended December 31, 2005. Successor had no financial statement activity during the period from May 13, 2005 to June 24, 2005, with the exception of certain crude oil, heating oil, and gasoline option agreements entered into with a related party as of May 16, 2005. Successor Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2006 233 Days Ended December 31, 2005 Predecessor 174 Days Ended June 23, 2005 $980.7 768.0 80.9 18.4 — 1.1 — $112.3 (8.4) (7.8) (7.6) $ 88.5 (36.1) — $ 52.4 $ 0.70 $ 0.70 Statements of Operations Data: Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Cost of product sold(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct operating expenses(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, general and administrative expenses(1) . . Net costs associated with flood(2) . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill impairment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Other income (expense), net(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain (loss) on derivatives, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Income tax (expense) benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss)(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Basic earnings (loss) per share(6) . . . . . . . . . $ Diluted earnings (loss) per share(6) . . . . . . . . $ Weighted-average common shares outstanding(6) (dollars in millions, except share data) 3,136.3 $ 2,547.7 226.0 68.9 0.6 84.9 — 208.2 $ (0.1) (44.2) (65.3) 98.6 $ (29.2) — 69.4 $ 0.80 $ 0.80 $ 5,016.1 $ 4,461.8 237.5 35.2 7.9 82.2 42.8 148.7 $ (5.9) (40.3) 125.3 227.8 $ (63.9) — 163.9 $ 1.90 $ 1.90 $ 2,966.9 $ 2,308.8 276.1 93.1 41.5 60.8 — 186.6 $ 0.2 (61.1) (282.0) (156.3) $ 88.5 0.2 (67.6) $ (0.78) $ (0.78) $ 3,037.6 2,443.4 199.0 62.6 — 51.0 — 281.6 (20.8) (43.9) 94.5 311.4 (119.8) — 191.6 2.22 2.22 $1,454.3 1,168.1 85.3 18.4 — 24.0 — $ 158.5 0.4 (25.0) (316.1) $ (182.2) 63.0 — $ (119.2) Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,248,205 Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,342,433 86,145,543 86,141,291 86,224,209 86,141,291 86,141,291 86,158,791 Historical dividends: Per preferred unit(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Per common unit(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management common units subject to redemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Working capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total debt, including current portion . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total CVR stockholders’ equity/members’ equity . . Cash Flow Data: Net cash flow provided by (used in): Operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Financial Data: Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap(9) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 3.1 246.9 36.9 $ 8.9 $ 235.4 1,614.5 491.3 10.6 653.8 128.5 1,610.5 495.9 10.6 579.5 30.5 $ 10.7 1,868.4 500.8 10.6 432.7 41.9 112.3 1,449.5 775.0 4.3 76.4 $ 64.7 108.0 1,221.5 499.4 — 115.8 85.3 (48.3) (9.0) 48.8 94.1 83.2 (86.5) (18.3) 86.5 11.2 145.9 (268.6) 111.3 268.6 (5.6) 186.6 (240.2) 30.8 82.5 (730.3) 712.5 240.2 115.4 45.2 23.6 12.7 (12.3) (52.4) 12.3 52.4 (1) Amounts are shown exclusive of depreciation and amortization. 41 (2) Represents the write-off of approximate net costs associated with the June/July 2007 flood and crude oil spill that are not probable of recovery. (3) Upon applying the goodwill impairment testing criteria under existing accounting rules during the fourth quarter of 2008, we determined that the goodwill in the petroleum segment was impaired, which resulted in a goodwill impairment loss of $42.8 million. This represented a write-off of the entire balance of the petroleum segment’s goodwill. (4) During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006 and the 174-days ended June 23, 2005, we recognized a loss of $2.1 million, $10.0 million, $1.3 million, $23.4 million and $8.1 million, respec- tively, on early extinguishment of debt. (5) The following are certain charges and costs incurred in each of the relevant periods that are meaningful to understanding our net income and in evaluating our performance due to their unusual or infrequent nature (in millions): Successor Year Ended December 31, 2007 2008 2009 2006 233 Days Ended December 31 2005 Predecessor 174 Days Ended June 23, 2005 Loss on extinguishment of debt(a) . . . . . . . . . $ 2.1 $ 10.0 $ Inventory fair market value adjustment(b) . . . — Letter of credit expense and interest rate — 1.3 $ 23.4 — — $ — 16.6 $8.1 — swap not included in interest expense(c) . . 13.4 Major scheduled turnaround expense(d) . . . . . — Loss on termination of swap(e) . . . . . . . . . . . — Unrealized (gain) loss from Cash Flow 7.4 3.3 — 1.8 76.4 — — 6.6 — Swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 (253.2) 103.2 44.1 — Share-based compensation(f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (42.5) Goodwill impairment(g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 42.8 8.8 (126.8) 16.9 — 2.3 — 25.0 235.9 1.1 — — — — — 4.0 — (a) Represents the write-off of: (1) $2.1 million of deferred financing costs in connection with the reduction, effective June 1, 2009, and eventual termination of the funded letter of credit facility on October 15, 2009; (2) $10.0 million of deferred financing costs in connection with the second amendment to our credit facility on December 22, 2008; (3) $1.3 million of deferred financing costs in connection with the repayment and termination of three credit facilities on October 26, 2007; (4) $23.4 million in connection with the refinancing of our senior secured credit facility on December 28, 2006; and (5) $8.1 million of deferred financing costs in connection with the refinancing of our senior secured credit facility on June 23, 2005. (b) Consists of the additional cost of product sold expense due to the step up to estimated fair value of certain inventories on hand at the time of the Acquisition, June 24, 2005. (c) Consists of fees which are expensed to selling, general and administrative expenses in connection with the funded letter of credit facility of $150.0 million issued in support of the Cash Flow Swap and other letters of credit outstanding. CRLLC reduced the funded letter of credit facility from $150.0 million to $60.0 million, effective June 1, 2009. As a result of the termination of the Cash Flow Swap effective October 8, 2009, the CRLLC was able to terminate the remaining $60.0 million funded letter of credit facility effective October 15, 2009. Although not included as interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, these fees are treated as such in the calculation of consolidated adjusted EBITDA in the credit facility. (d) Represents expense associated with a major scheduled turnaround. (e) Represents the expense associated with the expiration of the crude oil, heating oil and gasoline option agreements entered into by CALLC in May 2005. 42 (f) Represents the impact of share-based compensation awards. (g) Upon applying the goodwill impairment testing criteria under existing accounting rules during the fourth quarter of 2008, we determined that the goodwill in the petroleum segment was impaired, which resulted in a goodwill impairment loss of $42.8 million. This represented a write-off of the entire balance of the petroleum segment’s goodwill. (6) Earnings per share and weighted-average shares outstanding are shown on a pro forma basis for 2007 and 2006. (7) Historical dividends per unit for the 174-day period ended June 23, 2005 is calculated on the ownership structure of the Predecessor. (8) Noncontrolling interest at December 31, 2006 reflects common stock in two of our subsidiaries owned by our Chief Executive Officer (which were exchanged for shares of our common stock with an equivalent value prior to the consummation of our initial public offering). The noncontrolling interest at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 reflects CAIII’s ownership of the managing general partner interest and the IDRs of the Partnership. In our 2008 and 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, our noncontrolling interest was previ- ously referred to as “minority interest.” As a result of the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) ASC 810 — Consolidation, the term “minor- ity interest” has been updated accordingly for all periods presented. (9) Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap results from adjusting for the derivative transaction that was executed in conjunction with the Acquisition. On June 16, 2005, CALLC entered into the Cash Flow Swap with J. Aron & Company (“J. Aron”), a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and a related party of ours. The Cash Flow Swap was subsequently assigned by CALLC to CRLLC on June 24, 2005. The “Cash Flow Swap” took the form of three NYMEX swap agreements whereby if absolute (i.e., in dollar terms, not a percentage of crude oil prices) crack spreads fell below the fixed level, J. Aron agreed to pay the difference to us, and if absolute crack spreads rose above the fixed level, we agreed to pay the difference to J. Aron. On October 8, 2009, the Cash Flow Swap was terminated and all remaining obligations were settled in advance of the original expiration date of June 30, 2010. We determined that the Cash Flow Swap did not qualify as a hedge for hedge accounting treatment under current U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). As a result, our periodic Statements of Operations reflect in each period material amounts of unrealized gains and losses based on the increases or decreases in market value of the unsettled position under the swap agreements which are accounted for as an asset or liability on our balance sheet, as applicable. As the absolute crack spreads increased, we were required to record an increase in this liability account with a corresponding expense entry to be made to our Statements of Operations. Conversely, as absolute crack spreads declined, we were required to record a decrease in the swap related liability and post a corresponding income entry to our Statements of Operations. Because of this inverse relationship between the economic outlook for our underlying business (as represented by crack spread levels) and the income impact of the unrecognized gains and losses, and given the significant periodic fluctuations in the amounts of unrealized gains and losses, management uti- lizes Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap as a key indicator of our business performance. In managing our business and assessing its growth and profitability from a stra- tegic and financial planning perspective, management and our board of directors considers our GAAP net income results as well as Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap. We believe that Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap enhances the understanding of our results of operations by highlighting income attributable to our ongoing operating performance exclusive of charges and income resulting from mark to market adjustments that are not nec- essarily indicative of the performance of our underlying business and our industry. The adjustment has been made for the unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap net of its related tax effect. Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap is not a recognized term under GAAP and should not be substituted for net income as a measure of our performance but instead should be utilized as a supplemental measure of financial performance in evaluating our business. Our pre- sentation of this non-GAAP measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other 43 companies. We believe that net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap is important to enable investors to better understand and evaluate our ongoing operating results and allow for greater transparency in the review of our overall business, financial, operational and economic performance. The following is a reconciliation of Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap to Net income (loss) (in millions): Successor Year Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2006 233 Days Ended December 31, 2005 Predecessor 174 Days Ended June 23, 2005 2009 Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain (loss) from Cash Flow Swap . . . . . . . $ 94.1 $ 11.2 $ (5.6) $115.4 $ 23.6 $52.4 Plus: Unrealized gain (loss) from Cash Flow Swap, net of tax effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (24.7) 152.7 (62.0) 76.2 (142.8) — Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 69.4 $163.9 $(67.6) $191.6 $(119.2) $52.4 Item 6. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report. Forward-Looking Statements This Report, including without limitation the sections captioned “Business” and “Management’s Discus- sion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains “forward-looking statements” as defined by the SEC. Such statements are those concerning contemplated transactions and strategic plans, expectations and objectives for future operations. These include, without limitation: (cid:129) statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future; (cid:129) statements relating to future financial performance, future capital sources and other matters; and (cid:129) any other statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “estimates,” “projects,” “could,” “should,” “may,” or similar expressions. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by the forward- looking statements we make in this Report are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. These statements are based on assumptions made by us based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors that we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. Such statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. You are cautioned that any such statements are not guarantees of future performance and that actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to those set forth under the section captioned “Risk Factors” and contained elsewhere in this Report. All forward-looking statements contained in this Report only speak as of the date of this document. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this Report, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. 44 Overview and Executive Summary We are an independent petroleum refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels. In addition, we currently own all of the interests (other than the managing general partner interest and associated IDRs) in a limited partnership which produces the nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonia and UAN. We operate under two business segments: petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we generated combined net sales of $3.1 billion, $5.0 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, and operating income of $208.2 million, $148.7 million and $186.6 million, respectively. Our petroleum business generated $2.9 billion, $4.8 billion and $2.8 billion of our combined net sales, respectively, over these periods, with the nitrogen fertilizer business generating substantially all of the remainder. In addition, during these periods, our petroleum business contributed 82%, 21% and 78% of our combined operating income, respectively, with the nitrogen fertilizer business contributing substantially all of the remainder. Petroleum business. Our petroleum business includes a 115,000 bpd complex full coking medium-sour crude oil refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas. In addition, supporting businesses include (1) a crude oil gathering system serving Kansas, Oklahoma, western Missouri, eastern Colorado and southwestern Nebraska, (2) a rack marketing division supplying product through tanker trucks directly to customers located in close geographic proximity to Coffeyville and Phillipsburg and at throughput terminals on Magellan’s refined products distribution systems, (3) a 145,000 bpd pipeline system that transports crude oil to our refinery and associated crude oil storage tanks with a capacity of 1.2 million barrels and (4) storage and terminal facilities for refined fuels and asphalt in Phillipsburg, Kansas. Our refinery is situated approximately 100 miles from Cushing, Oklahoma, one of the largest crude oil trading and storage hubs in the United States. Cushing is supplied by numerous pipelines from locations including the U.S. Gulf Coast and Canada, providing us with access to virtually any crude oil variety in the world capable of being transported by pipeline. In addition to rack sales (sales which are made at terminals into third party tanker trucks), we make bulk sales (sales through third party pipelines) into the mid-continent markets via Magellan and into Colorado and other destinations utilizing the product pipeline networks owned by Magellan, Enterprise and NuStar. Crude oil is supplied to our refinery through our gathering system and by a Plains pipeline from Cushing, Oklahoma. We maintain capacity on the Spearhead Pipeline (as discussed more fully in note 14 to the financial statements) from Canada and have access to foreign and deepwater domestic crude oil via the Seaway Pipeline system from the U.S. Gulf Coast to Cushing. We also maintain leased storage in Cushing to facilitate optimal crude oil purchasing and blending. Our refinery blend consists of a combination of crude oil grades, including onshore and offshore domestic grades, various Canadian medium and heavy sours and sweet synthetics and from time-to-time a variety of South American, North Sea, Middle East and West African imported grades. The access to a variety of crude oils coupled with the complexity of our refinery allows us to purchase crude oil at a discount to WTI. Our crude consumed cost discount to WTI for 2009 was $4.65 per barrel compared to $2.12 per barrel in 2008 and $5.04 per barrel in 2007. Nitrogen fertilizer business. The nitrogen fertilizer business consists of our interest in the Partnership, which is controlled by our affiliates. The nitrogen fertilizer business consists of a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facility, including (1) a 1,225 ton-per-day ammonia unit, (2) a 2,025 ton-per-day UAN unit and (3) a dual train gasifier complex each with a capacity of 84 million standard cubic foot per day, capable of processing approximately 1,400 tons per day of pet coke to produce hydrogen. In 2009, the nitrogen fertilizer business produced 435,184 tons of ammonia, of which approximately 64% was upgraded into 677,739 tons of UAN. The nitrogen fertilizer business generated net sales of $208.4 million, $263.0 million and $165.9 million, and operating income of $48.9 million, $116.8 million and $46.6 million, for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer plant in Coffeyville, Kansas includes two pet coke gasifiers that produce high purity hydrogen which in turn is converted to ammonia at a related ammonia synthesis plant. Ammonia is further upgraded into UAN solution in a related UAN unit. Pet coke is a low value by-product of the refinery 45 coking process. On average during the last five years, more than 74% of the pet coke consumed by the nitrogen fertilizer plant was produced by our refinery. The nitrogen fertilizer business obtains most of its pet coke via a long-term pet coke supply agreement with the petroleum business. The nitrogen fertilizer plant is the only commercial facility in North America utilizing a pet coke gasification process to produce nitrogen fertilizers. Its redundant train gasifier provides good on-stream reliability and the use of low cost by-product pet coke feed (rather than natural gas) to produce hydrogen. In times of high natural gas prices, the use of low cost pet coke can provide us with a significant competitive advantage. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ competition utilizes natural gas to produce ammonia. Historically, pet coke has generally been a less expensive feedstock than natural gas on a per-ton of fertilizer produced basis. CVR’s Shelf Registration Statement On March 6, 2009, the SEC declared effective our registration statement on Form S-3, which enabled (1) the Company to offer and sell from time to time, in one or more public offerings or direct placements, up to $250.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and subscription rights and (2) certain selling stockholders to offer and sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to 15,000,000 shares of our common stock. As afforded by the registration statement, a stockholder, CALLC II, sold into the public market 7,376,264 shares on November 12, 2009. Major Influences on Results of Operations Petroleum Business Our earnings and cash flows from our petroleum operations are primarily affected by the relationship between refined product prices and the prices for crude oil and other feedstocks. Feedstocks are petroleum products, such as crude oil and natural gas liquids, that are processed and blended into refined products. The cost to acquire feedstocks and the price for which refined products are ultimately sold depend on factors beyond our control, including the supply of, and demand for, crude oil, as well as gasoline and other refined products which, in turn, depend on, among other factors, changes in domestic and foreign economies, weather conditions, domestic and foreign political affairs, production levels, the availability of imports, the marketing of competitive fuels and the extent of government regulation. Because we apply first-in, first-out, or FIFO, accounting to value our inventory, crude oil price movements may impact net income in the short term because of changes in the value of our unhedged on-hand inventory. The effect of changes in crude oil prices on our results of operations is influenced by the rate at which the prices of refined products adjust to reflect these changes. Feedstock and refined product prices are also affected by other factors, such as product pipeline capacity, local market conditions and the operating levels of competing refineries. Crude oil costs and the prices of refined products have historically been subject to wide fluctuations. An expansion or upgrade of our competitors’ facilities, price volatility, international political and economic developments and other factors beyond our control are likely to continue to play an important role in refining industry economics. These factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the refining industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for refined products, such as increases in the demand for gasoline during the summer driving season and for home heating oil during the winter, primarily in the Northeast. In addition to current market conditions, there are long-term factors that may impact the demand for refined products. These factors include mandated renewable fuel standards, proposed climate change laws and regulations, and increased mileage standards for vehicles. In order to assess our operating performance, we compare our net sales, less cost of product sold, or our refining margin, against an industry refining margin benchmark. The industry refining margin is calculated by assuming that two barrels of benchmark light sweet crude oil is converted into one barrel of conventional gasoline and one barrel of distillate. This benchmark is referred to as the 2-1-1 crack spread. Because we calculate the benchmark margin using the market value of NYMEX gasoline and heating oil against the market value of NYMEX WTI, we refer to the benchmark as the NYMEX 2-1-1 crack spread, or simply, the 46 2-1-1 crack spread. The 2-1-1 crack spread is expressed in dollars per barrel and is a proxy for the per barrel margin that a sweet crude oil refinery would earn assuming it produced and sold the benchmark production of gasoline and distillate. Although the 2-1-1 crack spread is a benchmark for our refinery margin, because our refinery has certain feedstock costs and logistical advantages as compared to a benchmark refinery and our product yield is less than total refinery throughput, the crack spread does not account for all the factors that affect refinery margin. Our refinery is able to process a blend of crude oil that includes quantities of heavy and medium sour crude oil that has historically cost less than WTI. We measure the cost advantage of our crude oil slate by calculating the spread between the price of our delivered crude oil and the price of WTI. The spread is referred to as our consumed crude differential. Our refinery margin can be impacted significantly by the consumed crude differential. Our consumed crude differential will move directionally with changes in the WTS differential to WTI and the West Canadian Select (“WCS”) differential to WTI as both these differentials indicate the relative price of heavier, more sour, slate to WTI. The correlation between our consumed crude differential and published differentials will vary depending on the volume of light medium sour crude oil and heavy sour crude oil we purchase as a percent of our total crude oil volume and will correlate more closely with such published differentials the heavier and more sour the crude oil slate. The WTI less WCS differential was $7.82, $18.72 and $22.94 per barrel for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The WTI less WTS differential was $1.70, $3.44 and $5.16 per barrel for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Company’s consumed crude oil differential was $4.65, $2.12 and $5.04 per barrel for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. We produce a high volume of high value products, such as gasoline and distillates. We benefit from the fact that our marketing region consumes more refined products than it produces so that the market prices in our region include the logistics cost for U.S. Gulf Coast refineries to ship into our region. The result of this logistical advantage and the fact the actual product specifications used to determine the NYMEX are different from the actual production in our refinery is that prices we realize are different than those used in determining the 2-1-1 crack spread. The difference between our price and the price used to calculate the 2-1-1 crack spread is referred to as gasoline PADD II, Group 3 vs. NYMEX basis, or gasoline basis, and Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel PADD II, Group 3 vs. NYMEX basis, or Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel basis. If both gasoline and Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel basis are greater than zero, this means that prices in our marketing area exceed those used in the 2-1-1 crack spread. Since 2003, the market indicator for the Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel basis has been positive in all periods presented, including a decrease to $0.03 per barrel for 2009 from $4.22 per barrel for 2008 and $7.95 per barrel in 2007. Gasoline basis for 2009 was $(1.25) per barrel, compared to $0.12 per barrel in 2008 and $3.56 per barrel in 2007. Beginning January 1, 2007, the benchmark used for gasoline was changed from Reformulated Gasoline (“RFG”) to Reformulated Blend for Oxygenate Blend (“RBOB”). Our direct operating expense structure is also important to our profitability. Major direct operating expenses include energy, employee labor, maintenance, contract labor, and environmental compliance. Our predominant variable cost is energy which is comprised primarily of electrical cost and natural gas. We are therefore sensitive to the movements of natural gas prices. Consistent, safe, and reliable operations at our refinery are key to our financial performance and results of operations. Unplanned downtime at our refinery may result in lost margin opportunity, increased maintenance expense and a temporary increase in working capital investment and related inventory position. We seek to mitigate the financial impact of planned downtime, such as major turnaround maintenance, through a diligent planning process that takes into account the margin environment, the availability of resources to perform the needed maintenance, feedstock logistics and other factors. The refinery generally undergoes a facility turnaround every four to five years. The length of the turnaround is contingent upon the scope of work to be completed. Because petroleum feedstocks and products are essentially commodities, we have no control over the changing market. Therefore, the lower target inventory we are able to maintain significantly reduces the impact of commodity price volatility on our petroleum product inventory position relative to other refiners. This target inventory position is generally not hedged. To the extent our inventory position deviates from the 47 target level, we consider risk mitigation activities usually through the purchase or sale of futures contracts on the NYMEX. Our hedging activities carry customary time, location and product grade basis risks generally associated with hedging activities. Because most of our titled inventory is valued under the FIFO costing method, price fluctuations on our target level of titled inventory have a major effect on our financial results unless the market value of our target inventory is increased above cost. Nitrogen Fertilizer Business In the nitrogen fertilizer business, earnings and cash flow from operations are primarily affected by the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer product prices and direct operating expenses. Unlike its competitors, the nitrogen fertilizer business uses minimal natural gas as feedstock and, as a result, is not directly impacted in terms of cost, by volatile swings in natural gas prices. Instead, our adjacent refinery supplies most of the pet coke feedstock needed by the nitrogen fertilizer business pursuant to a long-term pet coke supply agreement we entered into in October 2007. The price at which nitrogen fertilizer products are ultimately sold depends on numerous factors, including the global supply and demand for, nitrogen fertilizer products which, in turn, depends on the price of natural gas, the cost and availability of fertilizer transportation infrastructure, changes in the world population, weather conditions, grain production levels, the availability of imports, and the extent of government intervention in agriculture markets. Nitrogen fertilizer prices are also affected by other factors, such as local market conditions and the operating levels of competing facilities. An expansion or upgrade of competitors’ facilities, international political and economic developments and other factors are likely to continue to play an important role in nitrogen fertilizer industry economics. These factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for nitrogen fertilizer products. In addition, the demand for fertilizers is affected by the aggregate crop planting decisions and fertilizer application rate decisions of individual farmers. Individual farmers make planting decisions based largely on the prospective profitability of a harvest, while the specific varieties and amounts of fertilizer they apply depend on factors like crop prices, their current liquidity, soil conditions, weather patterns and the types of crops planted. Natural gas is the most significant raw material required in our competitors’ production of nitrogen fertilizers. North American natural gas prices increased significantly in the summer months of 2008 and moderated from these high levels in the last half of 2008. Over the past several years, natural gas prices have experienced high levels of price volatility. This pricing and volatility has a direct impact on our competitors’ cost of producing nitrogen fertilizer. In order to assess the operating performance of the nitrogen fertilizer business, we calculate plant gate price to determine our operating margin. Plant gate price refers to the unit price of fertilizer, in dollars per ton, offered on a delivered basis, excluding shipment costs. Because the nitrogen fertilizer plant has certain logistical advantages relative to end users of ammonia and UAN and demand relative to our production has remained high, the nitrogen fertilizer business primarily targets end users in the U.S. farm belt where it incurs lower freight costs as compared to U.S. Gulf Coast competitors. The nitrogen fertilizer business does not incur any barge or pipeline freight charges when it sells in these markets, giving us a distribution cost advantage over U.S. Gulf Coast producers and importers. Selling products to customers within economic rail transportation limits of the nitrogen fertilizer plant and keeping transportation costs low are keys to maintaining profitability. The value of nitrogen fertilizer products is also an important consideration in understanding our results. During 2009, the nitrogen fertilizer business upgraded approximately 64% of its ammonia production into UAN, a product that presently generates a greater value than ammonia. UAN production is a major contributor to our profitability. The direct operating expense structure of the nitrogen fertilizer business also directly affects its profitability. Using a pet coke gasification process, the nitrogen fertilizer business has significantly higher fixed costs than natural gas-based fertilizer plants. Major fixed operating expenses include electrical energy, 48 employee labor, maintenance, including contract labor, and outside services. These costs comprise the fixed costs associated with the nitrogen fertilizer plant. Variable costs associated with the nitrogen fertilizer plant have averaged approximately 14% of direct operating expenses over the 24 months ended December 31, 2009. The average annual operating costs over the 24 months ended December 31, 2009 have approximated $85 million, of which substantially all are fixed in nature. The nitrogen fertilizer business’ largest raw material expense is pet coke, which it purchases from the petroleum business and third parties. In 2009, 2008 and 2007, the nitrogen fertilizer business spent $12.8 million, $14.1 million and $13.6 million, respectively, for pet coke. If pet coke prices rise substantially in the future, the nitrogen fertilizer business may be unable to increase its prices to recover increased raw material costs, because the price floor for nitrogen fertilizer products is generally correlated with natural gas prices, the primary raw material used by its competitors, and not pet coke prices. Consistent, safe, and reliable operations at the nitrogen fertilizer plant are critical to its financial performance and results of operations. Unplanned downtime of the nitrogen fertilizer plant may result in lost margin opportunity, increased maintenance expense and a temporary increase in working capital investment and related inventory position. The financial impact of planned downtime, such as major turnaround maintenance, is mitigated through a diligent planning process that takes into account margin environment, the availability of resources to perform the needed maintenance, feedstock logistics and other factors. The nitrogen fertilizer plant generally undergoes a facility turnaround every two years. The turnaround typically lasts 13-15 days each turnaround year and costs approximately $3 million to $5 million per turnaround. The facility underwent a turnaround in the fourth quarter of 2008, and the next facility turnaround is currently scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2010. Agreements Between CVR Energy and the Partnership In connection with our initial public offering and the transfer of the nitrogen fertilizer business to the Partnership in October 2007, we entered into a number of agreements with the Partnership that govern the business relations between the parties. These include the pet coke supply agreement mentioned above, under which the petroleum business sells pet coke to the nitrogen fertilizer business; a services agreement, in which our management operates the nitrogen fertilizer business; a feedstock and shared services agreement, which governs the provision of feedstocks, including hydrogen, high-pressure steam, nitrogen, instrument air, oxygen and natural gas; a raw water and facilities sharing agreement, which allocates raw water resources between the two businesses; an easement agreement; an environmental agreement; and a lease agreement pursuant to which we lease office space and laboratory space to the Partnership. The price paid by the nitrogen fertilizer business pursuant to the pet coke supply agreement is based on the lesser of a pet coke price derived from the price received by the Partnership for UAN (subject to a UAN- based price ceiling and floor) and a pet coke price index for pet coke. For the periods prior to our entering into the pet coke supply agreement, our historical financial statements reflected the cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the nitrogen fertilizer business based on a pet coke price of $15 per ton. This is reflected in the segment data in our historical financial statements as a cost for the nitrogen fertilizer business and as revenue for the petroleum business. If the terms of the pet coke supply agreement had been in place in 2007, the new pet coke supply agreement would have resulted in an increase in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the nitrogen fertilizer business and an increase in revenue for the petroleum business of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. There would have been no impact to the consolidated financial statements as intercompany transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. For the periods ending December 31, 2009 and 2008, the nitrogen fertilizer segment was charged $12.1 million and $13.2 million, respectively, for management services. In addition, due to the services agreement between the parties, historical nitrogen fertilizer segment operating income would have increased $8.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, assuming an annualized $11.5 million charge for the management services in lieu of the historical allocations of selling, general and administrative expenses. The petroleum segment’s operating income would have had offsetting decreases for these periods. 49 The total change to operating income for the nitrogen fertilizer segment as a result of both the 20-year pet coke supply agreement (which affects cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)) and the services agreement (which affects selling, general and administrative expense (exclusive of deprecia- tion and amortization)), if both agreements had been in effect during 2007, would have been an increase of $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Our historical results of operations for the periods presented may not be comparable with prior periods or to our results of operations in the future for the reasons discussed below. Factors Affecting Comparability 2007 Flood and Crude Oil Discharge During the weekend of June 30, 2007, torrential rains in southeast Kansas caused the Verdigris River to overflow its banks and flood the city of Coffeyville. Our refinery and the nitrogen fertilizer plant, which are located in close proximity to the Verdigris River, were severely flooded, sustained damage and required repair. In addition to costs incurred for repairs to the Coffeyville facilities, we also incurred costs related to a discharge of crude oil from the facility that occurred on or about July 1, 2007. As a result of the flooding, our refinery and nitrogen fertilizer facilities stopped operating on June 30, 2007. The refinery started operating its reformer on August 6, 2007 and began to charge crude oil to the facility on August 9, 2007. Substantially all of the refinery’s units were in operation by August 20, 2007. The nitrogen fertilizer facility, situated on slightly higher ground, sustained less damage than the refinery. Production at the nitrogen fertilizer facility was restarted on July 13, 2007. Due to the downtime, we experienced a significant revenue loss attributable to the property damage during the period when the facilities were not in operation in 2007. Our results for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 include net pretax costs, net of anticipated insurance recoveries, of $0.6 million, $7.9 million and $41.5 million, respectively, associated with the flood and related crude oil discharge. The 2007 flood and crude oil discharge had a significant adverse impact on our financial results for the year ended December 31, 2007, with substantially less of an impact for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008. The net costs associated with the flood have declined significantly over the comparable periods as the majority of the repairs and maintenance associated with the damage caused by the flood were completed by the second quarter of 2008. In addition, the majority of the environmental remedial actions were substantially complete as of January 31, 2009. Refinancing and Prior Indebtedness In January 2010, we made a voluntary unscheduled principal payment of $20.0 million on our tranche D term loans. In addition, we made a second voluntary unscheduled principal payment of $5.0 million in February 2010. Our outstanding term loan balance as of March 8, 2010 was $453.3 million. In connection with these voluntary prepayments, we paid a 2.0% premium totaling $0.5 million to the lenders of our credit facility. These unscheduled principal payments occurred primarily as a result of a partial reduction of our contango crude oil inventory in January and February 2010. On October 2, 2009, CRLLC entered into a third amendment to its credit facility. The amendment was entered into, among other things, to provide financial flexibility to us through modifications to our financial covenants for the remaining term of the credit facility. Additionally, the amendment affords CVR (which is not a party to the credit agreement) the opportunity to incur indebtedness by allowing subsidiaries of CVR, which are parties to the credit agreement, to distribute dividends to CVR in order to fund interest payments of up to $20.0 million annually, so long as CVR agrees, for the benefit of the lenders to contribute at least 35% of the net proceeds of such indebtedness to CRLLC for the purpose of repaying the tranche D term loans under the credit agreement. In addition, CVR is required to agree for the benefit of the lenders not to use the proceeds of such indebtedness to repurchase its capital stock or pay any dividend or other distributions on its capital stock. 50 In connection with the third amendment, CRLLC incurred lender fees of approximately $2.6 million. These fees were recorded as deferred financing costs in the fourth quarter of 2009. In addition, CRLLC incurred third party costs of approximately $1.4 million primarily consisting of administrative and legal costs. Of the third party costs incurred, we expensed approximately $0.9 million in 2009. The remaining $0.5 million was recorded as additional deferred financing costs. During June 2009, CRLLC successfully reduced the funded letter of credit from $150.0 million to $60.0 million. This funded letter of credit was issued in support of our Cash Flow Swap. As a result of the third amendment, CRLLC terminated the Cash Flow Swap in advance of its original expiration. As a result of the reduction of the funded letter of credit and eventual termination of the remaining $60.0 million funded letter of credit facility on October 15, 2009, previously deferred financing costs totaling approximately $2.1 million were written off. This amount is reflected on the Statements of Operations as a loss on extinguishment of debt. On December 22, 2008, CRLLC amended its outstanding credit facility for the purpose of modifying certain restrictive covenants and related financial definitions. In connection with this amendment, we paid approximately $8.5 million of lender and third party costs. We immediately expensed $4.7 million of these costs and the remainder will be amortized to interest expense over the respective term of the term debt, revolver and funded letters of credit, as applicable. Previously deferred financing costs of $5.3 million were also written off at that time. The total amount expensed in 2008 of $10.0 million, is reflected on the Statements of Operations as a loss on extinguishment of debt. In October 2007, we paid down $280.0 million of term debt with initial public offering proceeds. This reduced the associated future interest expense. Additionally, we repaid the $25.0 million secured facility and $25.0 million unsecured facility in their entirety with a portion of the net proceeds from the initial public offering. Also, the $75.0 million credit facility terminated upon consummation of the initial public offering. J. Aron Deferrals As a result of the flood and the temporary cessation of our operations on June 30, 2007, CRLLC entered into several deferral agreements with J. Aron with respect to the Cash Flow Swap. These deferral agreements originally deferred to August 31, 2008 the payment of approximately $123.7 million (plus accrued interest). In 2008, a portion of amounts owed to J. Aron were ultimately deferred until July 31, 2009. During 2008, we made payments of $61.3 million, excluding accrued interest paid, reducing the outstanding payable to approximately $62.4 million (plus accrued interest) as of December 31, 2008. In January and February 2009, we prepaid $46.4 million of the deferred obligation, reducing the total principal deferred obligation to $16.1 million. On March 2, 2009, the remaining principal balance of $16.1 million was paid in full including accrued interest of $0.5 million resulting in CRLLC being unconditionally and irrevocably released from any and all of its obligations under the deferred agreements. In addition, J. Aron released the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Fund from any and all of their obligations to guarantee the deferred payment obligations. Goodwill Impairment Charges As a result of our annual review of goodwill in 2008, we recorded non-cash charges of $42.8 million during the fourth quarter, to write-off the entire balance of petroleum segment’s goodwill. The write-off was associated with lower cash flow forecasts as well as a significant decline in market capitalization in the fourth quarter of 2008 that resulted in large part from severe disruptions in the capital and commodities markets. 2008 and 2007 Turnarounds For 2008, we completed a planned turnaround of the nitrogen fertilizer plant in the fourth quarter of 2008 at a total cost of approximately $3.3 million, of which the majority of these costs were expensed in the fourth quarter. In April 2007, we completed a refinery turnaround at a total cost of approximately $76.4 million. The majority of these costs were expensed in the first quarter of 2007. The turnaround of our refining plant significantly impacted our financial results for 2007, as compared to a much lesser impact in 2008 from the nitrogen fertilizer plant turnaround. No planned major turnaround activities occurred in 2009. 51 Cash Flow Swap Until October 8, 2009, CRLLC had been a party to the Cash Flow Swap with J. Aron, a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and a related party of ours. Based upon expected crude oil capacity of 115,000 bpd, the Cash Flow Swap represented approximately 14% of crude oil capacity for the period of July 1, 2009 through June 30, 2010. On October 8, 2009, the Cash Flow Swap was terminated and all remaining obligations were settled in advance. We have determined that the Cash Flow Swap did not qualify as a hedge for hedge accounting treatment under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. As a result, the Consolidated Statement of Operations reflects all the realized and unrealized gains and losses from this swap which has created significant changes between periods. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we recorded net realized losses of $14.3 million, $110.4 million and $157.2 million with respect to the Cash Flow Swap, respectively. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we recorded net unrealized gains (losses) of $(40.9) million, $253.2 million and $(103.2) million, respectively. Share-Based Compensation Through a wholly-owned subsidiary, we have the two Phantom Unit Plans, whereby directors, employees, and service providers may be awarded phantom points at the discretion of the board of directors or the compensation committee. We account for awards under our Phantom Unit Plans as liability based awards. In accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, the expense associated with these awards for 2009 is based on the current fair value of the awards which was derived from a probability- weighted expected return method. The probability-weighted expected return method involves a forward- looking analysis of possible future outcomes, the estimation of ranges of future and present value under each outcome, and the application of a probability factor to each outcome in conjunction with the application of the current value of our common stock price with a Black-Scholes option pricing formula, as remeasured at each reporting date until the awards are settled. Also, in conjunction with the initial public offering in October 2007, the override units of CALLC were modified and split evenly into override units of CALLC and CALLC II. As a result of the modification, the awards were no longer accounted for as employee awards and became subject to an accounting standard issued by the FASB which provides guidance regarding the accounting treatment by an investor for stock-based compensation granted to employees of an equity method investee. In addition, these awards are subject to an accounting standard issued by the FASB which provides guidance regarding the accounting treatment for equity instruments that are issued to other than employees for acquiring or in conjunction with selling goods or services. In accordance with this accounting guidance, the expense associated with the awards is based on the current fair value of the awards which is derived under the same methodology as the Phantom Unit Plans, as remeasured at each reporting date until the awards vest. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we increased (reduced) compensation expense by $7.9 million, $(43.3) million and $43.5 million, respectively, as a result of the phantom and override unit share-based compensation awards. We expect to incur incremental share-based compensation expense to the extent our common stock price increases in the future. Consolidation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Limited Partnership Prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, we transferred our nitrogen fertilizer business to the Partnership and sold the managing general partner interest in the Partnership to an entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management. At December 31, 2009, we owned all of the interests in the Partnership (other than the managing general partner interest and associated IDRs) and are entitled to all cash that is distributed by the Partnership, except with respect to the IDRs. The Partnership is operated by our senior management pursuant to a services agreement among us, the managing general partner and the Partnership. The Partnership is managed by the managing general partner and, to the extent described below, us, as special general partner. As special general partner of the Partnership, we have joint management rights regarding the appointment, termination and compensation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the managing general partner, have the right to designate two members to the board of directors of 52 the managing general partner and have joint management rights regarding specified major business decisions relating to the Partnership. We consolidate the Partnership for financial reporting purposes. We have determined that following the sale of the managing general partner interest to an entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management, the Partnership is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) under the provisions of FASB ASC 810-10, Consolidation — Variable Interest Entities (“ASC 810-10”). Using criteria set forth by ASC 810-10, management has determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the Partnership, although 100% of the managing general partner interest is owned by an entity owned by our controlling stockholders and senior management outside our reporting structure. Since we are the primary beneficiary, the financial statements of the Partnership remain consolidated in our financial statements. The managing general partner’s interest is reflected as a minority interest on our balance sheet. The conclusion that we are the primary beneficiary of the Partnership and are required to consolidate the Partnership as a VIE is based upon the fact that substantially all of the expected losses are absorbed by the special general partner, which we own. Additionally, substantially all of the equity investment at risk was contributed on behalf of the special general partner, with nominal amounts contributed by the managing general partner. The special general partner is also expected to receive the majority, if not substantially all, of the expected returns of the Partnership through the Partnership’s cash distribution provisions. We periodically reassess whether we remain the primary beneficiary of the Partnership in order to determine if consolidation of the Partnership remains appropriate on a going forward basis. Should we determine that we are no longer the primary beneficiary of the Partnership, we will be required to deconsolidate the Partnership in our financial statements for accounting purposes on a going forward basis. In that event, we would be required to account for our investment in the Partnership under the equity method of accounting, which would affect our reported amounts of consolidated revenues, expenses and other income statement items. The principal events that would require the reassessment of our accounting treatment related to our interest in the Partnership include: (cid:129) a sale of some or all of our partnership interests to an unrelated party; (cid:129) a sale of the managing general partner interest to a third party; (cid:129) the issuance by the Partnership of partnership interests to parties other than us or our related parties; and (cid:129) the acquisition by us of additional partnership interests (either new interests issued by the Partnership or interests acquired from unrelated interest holders). In addition, we would need to reassess our consolidation of the Partnership if the Partnership’s governing documents or contractual arrangements are changed in a manner that reallocates between us and other unrelated parties either (1) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the Partnership or (2) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the Partnership. Petroleum Business Industry Factors Earnings for our petroleum business depend largely on our refining margins, which have been and continue to be volatile. Crude oil and refined product prices depend on factors beyond our control. Our marketing region continues to be undersupplied and is a net importer of transportation fuels. Crude oil discounts also contribute to our petroleum business earnings. Discounts for sour and heavy sour crude oil compared to sweet crude oil continue to fluctuate widely. The worldwide production of sour and heavy sour crude oil, continuing demand for light sweet crude oil, and the increasing volumes of Canadian 53 sours to the mid-continent will continue to cause wide swings in discounts. As a result of our expansion project, we increased throughput volumes of heavy sour Canadian crude oil and reduce our dependence on more expensive light sweet crude oil. We believe that our 2.7 million barrels of crude oil storage in Cushing, Oklahoma allows us to take advantage of the contango market when such conditions exist. Contango markets are generally characterized by prices for future delivery that are higher than the current or spot price of a commodity. This condition provides economic incentive to hold or carry a commodity in inventory. Nitrogen Fertilizer Business Global demand for fertilizers typically grows at predictable rates and tends to correspond to growth in grain production and pricing. Global fertilizer demand is driven in the long-term primarily by population growth, increases in disposable income and associated improvements in diet. Short-term demand depends on world economic growth rates and factors creating temporary imbalances in supply and demand. We operate in a highly competitive, global industry. Our products are globally-traded commodities and, as a result, we compete principally on the basis of delivered price. We are geographically advantaged to supply nitrogen fertilizer products to the corn belt compared to Gulf Coast producers and our gasification process requires less than 1% of the natural gas relative to natural gas-based fertilizer producers. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), U.S. farmers planted 86.4 million acres of corn in 2009 and 86.0 million acres in 2008. The global economic downturn has impacted the nitrogen fertilizer market, largely through uncertainty about both production and demand for ethanol. In the February 2010 long-term projections, the USDA has forecasted that 88.0 million acres of corn will be planted in 2010. We continue to expect that this level of production will translate to sustained demand for nitrogen fertilizer this spring. That particularly applies to demand for the upgraded forms of nitrogen fertilizer such as urea and UAN, as fall 2009 applications of ammonia nitrogen were well below historical levels due to weather and market uncertainty. Total worldwide ammonia capacity has been growing. A large portion of the net growth has been in China and is attributable to China maintaining its self-sufficiency with regards to ammonia. Excluding China, the trend in net ammonia capacity has been essentially flat since the late 1990’s, as new construction has been offset by plant closures in countries with high-cost feedstocks. The global credit crisis and economic downturn are also negatively impacting capacity additions. Earnings for the nitrogen fertilizer business depend largely on the prices of nitrogen fertilizer products, of which the floor price is directly influenced by natural gas prices. Over the past several years, natural gas prices have experienced high levels of price volatility. The nitrogen fertilizer business experienced an unprecedented pricing cycle in 2008. Prices for Mid Cornbelt and Southern Plains nitrogen-based fertilizers rose steadily during 2008 reaching a peak in late summer, before eventually declining sharply through year-end. Results of Operations In this “Results of Operations” section, we first review our business on a consolidated basis, and then separately review the results of operations of each of our petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses on a standalone basis. Consolidated Results of Operations The period to period comparisons of our results of operations have been prepared using the historical periods included in our financial statements. This “Results of Operations” section compares the year ended December 31, 2009 with the year ended December 31, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2008 with the year ended December 31, 2007. 54 Net sales consist principally of sales of refined fuel and nitrogen fertilizer products. For the petroleum business, net sales are mainly affected by crude oil and refined product prices, changes to the input mix and volume changes caused by operations. Product mix refers to the percentage of production represented by higher value light products, such as gasoline, rather than lower value finished products, such as pet coke. In the nitrogen fertilizer business, net sales are primarily impacted by manufactured tons and nitrogen fertilizer prices. Industry-wide petroleum results are driven and measured by the relationship, or margin, between refined products and the prices for crude oil referred to as crack spreads. See “— Major Influences on Results of Operations.” We discuss our results of petroleum operations in the context of per barrel consumed crack spreads and the relationship between net sales and cost of product sold. Our consolidated results of operations include certain other unallocated corporate activities and the elimination of intercompany transactions and therefore are not a sum of only the operating results of the petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses. The following table provides an overview of our results of operations during the past three fiscal years: 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in millions) $5,016.1 2007 $2,966.9 Consolidated Financial Results Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,136.3 Cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,547.7 4,461.8 2,308.8 Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.0 237.5 276.1 Selling, general and administrative expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net costs associated with flood(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill impairment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 0.6 84.9 — 35.2 7.9 82.2 42.8 93.1 41.5 60.8 — Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 208.2 Net income (loss)(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash $ 148.7 163.9 $ 186.6 (67.6) Flow Swap(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.1 11.2 (5.6) (1) Represents the costs associated with the June/July 2007 flood and crude oil spill net of probable recoveries from insurance. (2) Depreciation and amortization is comprised of the following components as excluded from cost of product sold, direct operating expense and selling, general and administrative expense: Consolidated Financial Results Depreciation and amortization excluded from cost of product sold . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization excluded from direct operating expenses . . . Depreciation and amortization excluded from selling, general and administrative expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation included in net costs associated with flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Ended December 31, 2009 2007 2008 (in millions) $ 2.5 78.0 $ 2.9 80.0 $ 2.4 57.4 2.0 — 1.7 — 1.0 7.6 Total depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $84.9 $82.2 $68.4 (3) Upon applying the goodwill impairment testing criteria under existing accounting rules during the fourth quarter of 2008, we determined that the goodwill in the petroleum segment was impaired, which resulted 55 in a goodwill impairment loss of $42.8 million. This represented a write-off of the entire balance of the petroleum segment goodwill. (4) The following are certain charges and costs incurred in each of the relevant periods that are meaningful to understanding our net income and in evaluating our performance due to their unusual or infrequent nature: Consolidated Financial Results Loss on extinguishment of debt(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Letter of credit expense & interest rate swap not included in interest expense(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major scheduled turnaround expense(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized (gain) loss from Cash Flow Swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share-based compensation expense(d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill impairment(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in millions) $ 10.0 2007 $ 1.3 $ 2.1 13.4 — 40.9 8.8 — 7.4 3.3 (253.2) (42.5) 42.8 1.8 76.4 103.2 44.1 — (a) For 2009, the $2.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt represents the write-off of deferred financing costs associated with the reduction of the funded letter of credit facility of $150.0 million to $60.0 mil- lion, effective June 1, 2009, issued in support of the Cash Flow Swap and as a result of the termination of the Cash Flow Swap on October 8, 2009, the Company was able to terminate the remaining $60.0 million funded letter of credit facility effective October 15, 2009. For 2008, represents the write- off of $10.0 million in connection with the second amendment to our existing credit facility, which amendment was completed on December 22, 2008. For 2007, the write-off of $1.3 million in connec- tion with the repayment and termination of three credit facilities on October 26, 2007. (b) Consists of fees which are expensed to selling, general and administrative expense in connection with the funded letter of credit facility issued in support of the Cash Flow Swap and other letters of credit outstanding. Although not included as interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, these fees are treated as such in the calculation of consolidated adjusted EBITDA in the credit facil- ity. As noted above, the Cash Flow Swap was terminated effective October 8, 2009 and the related funded letter of credit facility was terminated effective October 15, 2009. (c) Represents expenses associated with a major scheduled turnaround at the nitrogen fertilizer plant and our refinery. (d) Represents the impact of share-based compensation awards. (e) Upon applying the goodwill impairment testing criteria under existing accounting rules during the fourth quarter of 2008, we determined that the goodwill in the petroleum segment was impaired, which resulted in a goodwill impairment loss of $42.8 million. This represented a write-off of the entire balance of the petroleum segment’s goodwill. (5) Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap results from adjusting for the derivative transaction that was executed in conjunction with the Acquisition. On June 16, 2005, Coffeyville Acquisition entered into the Cash Flow Swap with J. Aron , a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and a related party of ours. The Cash Flow Swap was subsequently assigned by Coffeyville Acquisi- tion to Coffeyville Resources on June 24, 2005. The Cash Flow Swap took the form of three NYMEX swap agreements whereby if absolute (i.e., in dollar terms, not a percentage of crude oil prices) crack spreads fell below the fixed level, J. Aron agreed to pay the difference to us, and if absolute crack spreads rose above the fixed level, we agreed to pay the difference to J. Aron. On October 8, 2009, the Cash Flow Swap was terminated and all remaining obligations were settled in advance of the original expiration date of June 30, 2010. We determined that the Cash Flow Swap did not qualify as a hedge for hedge accounting treatment under current U.S. GAAP. As a result, our periodic Statements of Operations reflect in each period material amounts of unrealized gains and losses based on the increases or decreases in market value of the unsettled position under the swap agreements which are accounted for as an asset or liability on our balance sheet, 56 as applicable. As absolute crack spreads increased, we were required to record an increase in this liability account with a corresponding expense entry to be made to our Statements of Operations. Conversely, as absolute crack spreads declined, we were required to record a decrease in the swap related liability and post a corresponding income entry to our Statements of Operations. Because of this inverse relationship between the economic outlook for our underlying business (as represented by crack spread levels) and the income impact of the unrecognized gains and losses, and given the significant periodic fluctuations in the amounts of unrealized gains and losses, management utilizes Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap as a key indicator of our business performance. In managing our busi- ness and assessing its growth and profitability from a strategic and financial planning perspective, manage- ment and our board of directors considers our GAAP net income results as well as Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap. We believe that Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap enhances an understanding of our results of operations by highlighting income attributable to our ongoing operating performance exclusive of charges and income resulting from mark to market adjustments that are not necessarily indicative of the performance of our underlying business and our industry. The adjustment has been made for the unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap net of its related tax effect. Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap is not a recognized term under GAAP and should not be substituted for net income as a measure of our performance but instead should be utilized as a supplemental measure of financial performance in evaluating our business. Our pre- sentation of this non-GAAP measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other compa- nies. We believe that net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap is important to enable investors to better understand and evaluate our ongoing operating results and allow for greater transparency in the review of our overall business, financial, operational and economic performance. The following is a reconciliation of Net income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap to Net income (loss): Consolidated Financial Results 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in millions) 2007 Net Income (loss) adjusted for unrealized gain or loss from Cash Flow Swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 94.1 $ 11.2 $ (5.6) Plus: Unrealized gain or (loss) from Cash Flow Swap, net of taxes. . . . . . . . . (24.7) 152.7 (62.0) Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 69.4 $163.9 $(67.6) Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2008 (Consolidated) Net Sales. Consolidated net sales were $3,136.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to $5,016.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease of $1,879.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily due to a decrease in petroleum net sales of $1,839.4 million that resulted from lower product prices ($1,866.8 million), partially offset by slightly higher sales volumes ($27.4 million). The decline in average finished product prices was primarily driven from a decline in underlying feedstock costs compared to 2008. Nitrogen fertilizer net sales decreased $54.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 as a result of lower average plant gate prices ($91.3 million) and partially offset by an increase in overall sales volumes ($36.7 million). Cost of Product Sold Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization. Consolidated cost of product sold exclusive of depreciation and amortization was $2,547.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to $4,461.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease of $1,914.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily resulted from a significant decrease in crude oil prices. On a year-over-year basis, our consumed crude oil prices decreased 57 approximately 42% from an average price of $98.52 per barrel in 2008 compared to an average price of consumed crude of $57.64 per barrel in 2009. Partially offsetting the decrease in raw material prices was a 2.3% increase in crude oil throughput in 2009 compared to 2008. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer business experienced higher costs of product sold as a result of increased sales volume, freight expense and hydrogen costs. Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Consolidated direct operat- ing expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $226.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to $237.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. This decrease of $11.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was due to a decrease in petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer direct operating expenses of $9.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively. This decrease was primarily the result of net decreases in downtime repairs and maintenance ($13.0 million), outside services and other direct operating expenses ($9.1 million), production chemicals ($3.7 million) and turnaround ($3.4 million). These decreases were partially offset by net increases in labor ($9.8 million), property taxes ($4.2 million), catalyst ($1.0 million), energy and utilities ($0.6 million) and insurance ($0.2 million), combined with a decrease in the price we received for sulfur produced as a by-product of our manufacturing process ($2.0 million). Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Consol- idated selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $68.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to $35.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. This $33.7 million increase in selling, general and administrative expenses over the comparable period was primarily the result of increases in share-based compensation ($45.3 million), admin- istrative payroll ($4.2 million) and bank charges ($1.1 million), which were partially offset by decreases in expenses associated with outside services ($6.1 million), loss on disposition of assets ($5.7 million), bad debt expense ($3.0 million) and other selling, general and administrative expenses ($2.1 million). Net Costs Associated with Flood. Consolidated net costs associated with flood for the year ended December 31, 2009 approximated $0.6 million as compared to $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Depreciation and Amortization. Consolidated depreciation and amortization was $84.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to $82.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The increase in consolidated depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily the result of the Company’s increased investment in the refining and nitrogen fertilizer assets. Goodwill Impairment. In connection with our 2009 annual goodwill impairment testing, we determined that the goodwill associated with our Nitrogen Fertilizer business was not impaired, thus no impairment charged was recorded for 2009. In 2008, we wrote-off approximately $42.8 million of goodwill in connection with our annual impairment testing. This goodwill was entirely attributable to the petroleum business. Operating Income. Consolidated operating income was $208.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, as compared to operating income of $148.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $59.5 million or 40.0%. For the year ended December 31, 2009, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008, petroleum operating income increased $138.3 million primarily as a result of a decrease in the cost of product sold as well as the fact that in 2008 the petroleum segment recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $42.8 million compared to none in 2009. Partially offsetting the increase in operating income from the petroleum business is a decrease of $67.9 million related to nitrogen fertilizer operations. This decrease is primarily the result of lower plant gate prices for 2009 compared to 2008. In addition to decreased margins related to nitrogen fertilizer, consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $33.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily the result of increased share-based compensation expense. Interest Expense. Consolidated interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $44.2 million as compared to interest expense of $40.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. This 58 9.7% increase for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily resulted from an increase in our weighted-average interest rate on a year-over-year basis. Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, Net. For the year ended December 31, 2009, we incurred $65.3 million in net losses on derivatives. This compares to a $125.3 million net gain on derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2008. The change in gain (loss) on derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily attributable to the realized and unrealized losses on our Cash Flow Swap. For the year ended December 31, 2009 we recognized a $40.9 million unrealized loss on the cash flow swap compared to a $253.2 million unrealized gain for the year ended December 31, 2008. Unrealized losses on our Cash Flow Swap for the year ended December 31, 2009 reflect an increase in the crack spread values relative to December 31, 2008 on the unrealized positions comprising the Cash Flow Swap. Realized losses on the Cash Flow Swap for the year ended December 31, 2009 and the year ended December 31, 2008 were $14.3 million and $110.4 million, respectively. The primary cause of the remaining difference is attributable to an increase in net realized losses on other agreements and interest rate swap of $1.0 million offset by an increase in net unrealized gains of $8.4 million associated with the other agreements and interest rate swap. Provision for Income Taxes. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $29.2 million or 29.7% of income before incomes taxes and noncontrolling interest, as compared to an income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 of $63.9 million or 28.1% of income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest. This is in comparison to a combined federal and state expected statutory rate of 39.7% for 2009 and 2008. Our effective tax rate increased in the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 due to the correlation between the amount of credits generated due to the production of ultra low sulfur diesel fuel and Kansas state incentives generated under the High Performance Incentive Program (“HPIP”), in relative comparison with the pre-tax income level in each year. We also recognized a federal income tax benefit of approximately $4.8 million in 2009, compared to $23.7 million in 2008, on a credit of approximately $7.4 million in 2009, compared to a credit of approximately $36.5 million in 2008 related to the production of ultra low sulfur diesel. In addition, state income tax credits, net of federal expense, approximating $3.2 million were earned and recorded in 2009 that related to Kansas HPIP credits, compared to $14.4 million earned and recorded in 2008. Net Income (Loss). For the year ended December 31, 2009, net income decreased to $69.4 million as compared to a net increase of $163.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2007 (Consolidated) Net Sales. Consolidated net sales were $5,016.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $2,966.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase of $2,049.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily due to an increase in petroleum net sales of $1,968.1 million that resulted from higher sales volumes ($1,318.5 million), coupled with higher product prices ($649.6 million). The sales volume increase for the refinery primarily resulted from a significant increase in refined fuel production volumes over the comparable period due to the refinery turnaround which began in February 2007 and was completed in April 2007 and the refinery downtime resulting from the June/July 2007 flood. Nitrogen fertilizer net sales increased $97.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 as increases in overall sales volumes ($26.0 million) were coupled with higher plant gate prices ($71.1 million). Cost of Product Sold (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Consolidated cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $4,461.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $2,308.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase of $2,153.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 primarily resulted from a significant increase in refined fuel production volumes over the comparable period in 2007 due to the refinery turnaround which began in February 2007 and was completed in April 2007 and the refinery downtime resulting from the June/July 2007 flood. In addition to the increased production in 2008, the cost of product sold increased sharply as a result of record high crude oil prices. 59 Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Consolidated direct operat- ing expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $237.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $276.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This decrease of $38.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was due to a decrease in petroleum direct operating expenses of $58.1 million primarily the result of decreases in expenses associated with repairs and maintenance related to the refinery turnaround, taxes, outside services and direct labor, partially offset by increases in expenses associated with energy and utilities, production chemicals, repairs and maintenance, insurance, rent and lease expense, environmental compliance and operating materials. The nitrogen fertilizer business recorded a $19.4 million increase in direct operating expenses over the comparable period primarily due to increases in expenses associated with taxes, turnaround, outside services, catalysts, direct labor, slag disposal, insurance and repairs and maintenance, partially offset by reductions in expenses associated with royalties and other expense, utilities, environmental and equipment rental. The nitrogen fertilizer facility was subject to a property tax abatement that expired beginning in 2008. We have estimated our accrued property tax liability based upon the assessment value received by the county. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $35.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $93.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This $57.9 million positive variance over the comparable period was primarily the result of decreases in share-based compensation ($75.1 million) and other selling general and administrative expenses ($6.8 million) which were partially offset by increases in expenses associated with outside services ($10.5 million), loss on disposition of assets ($5.1 million), bad debt ($3.7 million) and insurance ($1.1 million). Net Costs Associated with Flood. Consolidated net costs associated with flood for the year ended December 31, 2008 approximated $7.9 million as compared to $41.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Depreciation and Amortization. Consolidated depreciation and amortization was $82.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $60.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in consolidated depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily the result of the completion of several large capital projects in late 2007 and early 2008 in our petroleum business. Goodwill Impairment. In connection with our annual goodwill impairment testing, we determined that the goodwill associated with our petroleum business was fully impaired. As a result, we wrote-off approximately $42.8 million in 2008 compared to none in 2007. Operating Income. Consolidated operating income was $148.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to operating income of $186.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007, petroleum operating income decreased $113.0 million primarily as a result of as increase in the cost of product sold in 2008. In addition, the petroleum business recorded a non-cash charge of $42.8 million for the impairment of goodwill. For the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007, nitrogen fertilizer operating income increased by $70.2 million as increased direct operating expenses were more than offset by higher plant gate prices and sales volumes. Interest Expense. Consolidated interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $40.3 million as compared to interest expense of $61.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This 34% decrease for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 primarily resulted from an overall decrease in the index rates (primarily LIBOR) and a decrease in average borrowings outstanding during the comparable periods due to debt repayment in October 2007 with the proceeds of our initial public offering. Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, Net. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we incurred $125.3 million in net gains on derivatives. This compares to a $282.0 million net loss on derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2007. This significant change in gain (loss) on derivatives for the year ended December 31, 60 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily attributable to the realized and unrealized gains (losses) on our Cash Flow Swap. Unrealized gains on our Cash Flow Swap for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $253.2 million and reflect a decrease in the crack spread values on the unrealized positions comprising the Cash Flow Swap. In contrast, the unrealized portion of the Cash Flow Swap for the year ended December 31, 2007 reported mark-to-market losses of $103.2 million and reflect an increase in the crack spread values on the unrealized positions comprising the Cash Flow Swap. Realized losses on the Cash Flow Swap for the year ended December 31, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007 were $110.4 million and $157.2 million, respectively. The decrease in realized losses over the comparable periods was primarily the result of lower average crack spreads for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. Unrealized gains or losses represent the change in the mark-to-market value on the unrealized portion of the Cash Flow Swap based on changes in the NYMEX crack spread that is the basis for the Cash Flow Swap. In addition, the outstanding term of the Cash Flow Swap at the end of each period also affects the impact of changes in the underlying crack spread. As of December 31, 2008, the Cash Flow Swap had a remaining term of approximately one year and six months whereas as of December, 2007, the remaining term on the Cash Flow Swap was approximately two years and six months. As a result of the shorter remaining term as of December 31, 2008, a similar change in crack spread will have a lesser impact on the unrealized gains or losses. Provision for Income Taxes. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $63.9 million or 28.1% of income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest, as compared to an income tax benefit of $88.5 million, or 56.6% of loss before income taxes and noncontrolling interest, for the year ended December 31, 2007. This is in comparison to a combined federal and state expected statutory rate of 39.7% for 2008 and 39.9% for 2007. Our effective tax rate decreased in the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 due to the correlation between the amount of credits generated due to the production of ultra low sulfur diesel fuel and Kansas state incentives generated under the HPIP, in relative comparison with the pre-tax loss level in 2007 and pre-tax income level in 2008. We also recognized a federal income tax benefit of approximately $23.7 million in 2008, compared to $17.3 million in 2007, on a credit of approximately $36.5 million in 2008, compared to a credit of approximately $26.6 million in 2007 related to the production of ultra low sulfur diesel. In addition, state income tax credits, net of federal expense, approximating $14.4 million were earned and recorded in 2008 that related to the expansion of the facilities in Kansas, compared to $19.8 million earned and recorded in 2007. Noncontrolling Interest. Noncontrolling interest for the year ended December 31, 2008 was zero compared to a loss of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Noncontrolling interest relates to common stock in two of our subsidiaries owned by our chief executive officer. In October 2007, in connection with our initial public offering, our chief executive officer exchanged his common stock in our subsidiaries for common stock of CVR Energy. Net Income (Loss). For the year ended December 31, 2008, net income increased to $163.9 million as compared to a net loss of $67.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Petroleum Business Results of Operations Refining margin is a measurement calculated as the difference between net sales and cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Refining margin is a non-GAAP measure that we believe is important to investors in evaluating our refinery’s performance as a general indication of the amount above our cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) that we are able to sell refined products. Each of the components used in this calculation (net sales and cost of product sold exclusive of depreciation and amortization) can be taken directly from our statement of operations. Our calculation of refining margin may differ from similar calculations of other companies in our industry, thereby limiting its usefulness as a 61 comparative measure. The following table shows selected information about our petroleum business including refining margin: 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in millions) 2007 Petroleum Business Financial Results Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,934.9 2,514.3 Cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . 141.6 Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)(1) . . 0.6 Net costs associated with flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross profit(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 214.0 Plus direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plus net costs associated with flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plus depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.6 0.6 64.4 $4,774.3 4,449.4 151.4 6.4 62.7 $2,806.2 2,300.2 209.5 36.7 43.0 $ 104.4 $ 216.8 151.4 6.4 62.7 209.5 36.7 43.0 Refining margin(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 420.6 Goodwill impairment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ $ Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 170.2 $ 324.9 42.8 31.9 $ 506.0 $ — $ 144.9 Key Operating Statistics Refining margin (per crude oil throughput barrel)(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10.65 5.42 Gross profit(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.58 Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . $8.39 2.69 3.91 $18.17 7.79 7.52 Year Ended December 31, 2009 2007 2008 (dollars per barrel) 62 Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 % Refining Throughput and Production Data (bpd) Throughput: Sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light/medium sour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heavy sour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,598 15,602 10,026 Total crude oil throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . All other feedstocks and blendstocks . . . . . . 108,226 12,013 68.7 13.0 8.3 90.0 10.0 77,315 16,795 11,727 105,837 11,882 2007 % 54,509 14,580 7,228 76,317 5,748 66.4 17.8 8.8 93.0 7.0 % 65.7 14.3 10.0 90.0 10.0 Total throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,239 100.0 117,719 100.0 82,065 100.0 Production: Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distillate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other (excluding internally produced fuel) . . 62,309 46,909 11,549 51.6 38.8 9.6 56,852 48,257 13,422 48.0 40.7 11.3 37,017 34,814 10,551 44.9 42.3 12.8 Total refining production (excluding internally produced fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,767 100.0 118,531 100.0 82,382 100.0 Product price (dollars per gallon): Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distillate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.68 $ 1.68 $ 2.50 $ 3.00 $ 2.20 $ 2.28 Market Indicators (dollars per barrel) West Texas Intermediate (WTI) NYMEX . . . . . Crude Oil Differentials: WTI less WTS (light/medium sour) . . . . . . . WTI less WCS (heavy sour) . . . . . . . . . . . . . NYMEX Crack Spreads: Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NYMEX 2-1-1 Crack Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . PADD II Group 3 Basis: Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PADD II Group 3 Product Crack: Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PADD II Group 3 2-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $62.09 $99.75 $72.36 1.70 7.82 9.05 8.03 8.54 (1.25) 0.03 7.81 8.06 7.93 3.44 18.72 4.76 20.25 12.50 0.12 4.22 4.88 24.47 14.68 5.16 22.94 14.61 13.29 13.95 3.56 7.95 18.18 21.24 19.71 (1) In order to derive the gross profit per crude oil throughput barrel, we utilize the total dollar figures for gross profit as derived above and divide by the applicable number of crude oil throughput barrels for the period. In order to derive the direct operating expenses per crude oil throughput barrel, we utilize the total direct operating expenses, which does not include depreciation or amortization expense, and divide by the applicable number of crude oil throughput barrels for the period. (2) Refining margin is a measurement calculated as the difference between net sales and cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Refining margin is a non-GAAP measure that we believe is important to investors in evaluating our refinery’s performance as a general indication of the amount above 63 our cost of product sold that we are able to sell refined products. Each of the components used in this cal- culation (net sales and cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)) is taken directly from our Statements of Operations. Our calculation of refining margin may differ from similar calculations of other companies in our industry, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. In order to derive the refining margin per crude oil throughput barrel, we utilize the total dollar figures for refining margin as derived above and divide by the applicable number of crude oil throughput barrels for the period. We believe that refining margin and refining margin per crude oil throughput barrel is important to enable investors to better understand and evaluate our ongoing operating results and for greater transpar- ency in the review of our overall business, financial, operational and economic financial performance. (3) Upon applying the goodwill impairment testing criteria under existing accounting rules during the fourth quarter of 2008, we determined that the goodwill of the petroleum business was impaired, which resulted in a goodwill impairment loss of $42.8 million in the fourth quarter. This goodwill impairment is included in the petroleum business operating income but is excluded in the refining margin and the refining margin per crude oil throughput barrel. Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2008 (Petroleum Business) Net Sales. Petroleum net sales were $2,934.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to $4,774.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease of $1,839.4 million from the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily the result of significantly lower product prices ($1,866.8 million), which is partially offset by slightly higher sales volumes ($27.4 million). Overall sales volumes of refined fuels for the year ended December 31, 2009 increased 0.9%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008. Our average sales price per gallon for the year ended December 31, 2009 for gasoline of $1.68 and distillate of $1.68 decreased by 33% and 44%, respectively, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008. The refinery operated at 94% of its capacity during 2009 despite a 14-day unplanned outage of its fluid catalytic cracking unit and a 26-day unplanned outage of its vacuum unit in the third quarter, which resulted in reduced crude oil runs. Cost of Product Sold (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Cost of product sold includes cost of crude oil, other feedstocks and blendstocks, purchased products for resale, transportation and distribution costs. Petroleum cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $2,514.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to $4,449.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease of $1,935.1 million from the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily the result of lower crude oil prices offset by the impact of FIFO accounting. Our average cost per barrel of crude oil consumed for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $57.46, compared to $98.52 for the comparable period of 2008, a decrease of approximately 42%. In addition, under our FIFO accounting method, changes in crude oil prices can cause fluctuations in the inventory valuation of our crude oil, work in process and finished goods, thereby resulting in a favorable FIFO impact when crude oil prices increase and an unfavorable FIFO impact when crude oil prices decrease. For the year ended December 31, 2009, we had a favorable FIFO impact of $67.9 million compared to an unfavorable FIFO impact of $102.5 million for the comparable period of 2008. Refining margin increased from $324.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 to $420.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase of $95.7 million is due primarily to the 42% decrease in the cost of crude oil consumed over the comparable periods. The decrease in cost of crude oil consumed resulted from the decline in crude oil prices from the record high prices of 2008 and our improved crude consumed discount to WTI achieved in 2009 as a result of the contango in the U.S. crude oil market. Negatively impacting the refining margin is a 32% decrease ($3.96 per barrel) in the average NYMEX 2-1-1 crack spread over the comparable periods and unfavorable regional differences between gasoline and distillate prices in our primary market region (the Coffeyville supply area) and those of the NYMEX. The average gasoline basis for the year ended December 31, 2009 decreased by $1.37 per barrel to ($1.25) per barrel compared to $0.12 per barrel in the comparable period of 2008. The average distillate basis for the year ended 64 December 31, 2009 decreased by $4.19 per barrel to $0.03 per barrel compared to $4.22 per barrel in the comparable period in 2008. Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Direct operating expenses for our Petroleum operations include costs associated with the actual operations of our refinery, such as energy and utility costs, catalyst and chemical costs, repairs and maintenance (turnaround), labor and environmental compliance costs. Petroleum direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $141.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to direct operating expenses of $151.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was the result of net decreases in expenses associated with outside services and other direct operating expenses ($8.4 million), downtime repairs and maintenance ($6.5 million), production chemicals ($3.8 million) and energy and utilities ($3.8 million). The decreases are partially offset by increases in expenses associated with direct labor ($7.4 million), property taxes ($4.9 million) and insurance ($0.4 million). On a per barrel of crude oil throughput basis, direct operating expenses per barrel of crude oil throughput for the year ended December 31, 2009 decreased to $3.58 per barrel as compared to $3.91 per barrel for the year ended December 31, 2008 principally due to net dollar decrease in expenses from year to year as detailed above. Net Costs Associated with Flood. Petroleum net costs associated with the June/July 2007 flood for the year ended December 31, 2009 approximated $0.6 million as compared to $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Depreciation and Amortization. Petroleum depreciation and amortization was $64.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to $62.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $1.7 million over the comparable periods. Goodwill Impairment. In connection with our annual goodwill impairment testing, we determined our goodwill associated with our petroleum business was impaired in 2008. As a result, we wrote-off approxi- mately $42.8 million in 2008. This amount represents the entire balance of goodwill at our petroleum business. Operating Income. Petroleum operating income was $170.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to operating income of $31.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. This increase of $138.3 million from the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily the result of an increase in the refining margin ($95.7 million), a reduction in direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) ($9.8 million), a reduction in net costs associated with the flood ($5.8 million) and a non-cash charge related to the impairment of goodwill recorded in 2008 ($42.8 million). Partially offsetting these positive impacts was an increase in depreciation and amortization ($1.7 million) and an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses ($14.1 million) primarily attributable to an increase in share-based compensation expense. Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2007 (Petroleum Business) Net Sales. Petroleum net sales were $4,774.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $2,806.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase of $1,968.1 million from the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily the result of significantly higher sales volumes ($1,318.5 million), coupled with higher product prices ($649.6 million). Overall sales volumes of refined fuels for the year ended December 31, 2008 increased 41% as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. The increased sales volume primarily resulted from a significant increase in refined fuel production volumes over the comparable periods due to the refinery turnaround which began in February 2007 and was completed in April 2007 and the refinery downtime resulting from the June/July 2007 flood. Our average sales price per gallon for the year ended December 31, 2008 for gasoline of $2.50 and distillate of $3.00 increased by 14% and 32%, respectively, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. 65 The refinery operated at nearly 92% of its capacity during 2008 despite a 19-day unplanned outage of its fluid catalytic cracking unit in the fourth quarter, resulting in reduced crude oil runs. Cost of Product Sold (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Cost of product sold includes cost of crude oil, other feedstocks and blendstocks, purchased products for resale, transportation and distribution costs. Petroleum cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $4,449.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $2,300.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase of $2,149.2 million from the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily the result of a significant increase in crude oil throughput compared to 2007. The increase in crude oil throughput resulted primarily from the refinery turnaround which began in February 2007 and was completed in April 2007, and the refinery downtime resulting from the June/July 2007 flood. In addition to the refinery turnaround and the flood, higher crude oil prices, increased sales volumes and the impact of FIFO accounting also impacted cost of product sold. Our average cost per barrel of crude oil for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $98.52, compared to $70.06 for the comparable period of 2007, an increase of 41%. Sales volume of refined fuels increased 41% for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 principally due to the refinery turnaround and June/July 2007 flood. In addition, under our FIFO accounting method, changes in crude oil prices can cause fluctuations in the inventory valuation of our crude oil, work in process and finished goods, thereby resulting in a favorable FIFO impact when crude oil prices increase and an unfavorable FIFO impact when crude oil prices decrease. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we had an unfavorable FIFO impact of $102.5 million compared to a favorable FIFO impact of $69.9 million for the comparable period of 2007. Refining margin decreased from $506.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 to $324.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease of $181.1 million is due to the 10% decrease ($1.45 per barrel) in the average NYMEX 2-1-1 crack spread over the comparable periods and additionally unfavorable regional differences between gasoline and distillate prices in our primary marketing region (the Coffeyville supply area) and those of the NYMEX. The average gasoline basis for the year ended December 31, 2008 decreased by $3.44 per barrel to $0.12 per barrel compared to $3.56 per barrel in the comparable period of 2007. The average distillate basis for the year ended December 31, 2008 decreased by $3.73 per barrel to $4.22 per barrel compared to $7.95 per barrel in the comparable period of 2007. In addition, reductions in crude oil discounts for sour crude oils evidenced by the $1.72 per barrel, or 33%, decrease in the spread between the WTI price, which is a market indicator for the price of light sweet crude oil, and the WTS price, which is an indicator for the price of sour crude oil, negatively impacted refining margin for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Direct operating expenses for our Petroleum operations include costs associated with the actual operations of our refinery, such as energy and utility costs, catalyst and chemical costs, repairs and maintenance (turnaround), labor and environmental compliance costs. Petroleum direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $151.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to direct operating expenses of $209.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease of $58.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was the result of decreases in expenses associated with repairs and maintenance related to the refinery turnaround ($72.7 million), taxes ($9.4 million), outside services ($3.3 million) and direct labor ($1.3 million), partially offset by increases in expenses associated with energy and utilities ($12.6 million), production chemicals ($5.6 million), downtime repairs and maintenance ($3.5 million), insurance ($2.5 million), rent and lease expense ($1.1 million), environmental compliance ($0.9 million) and operating materials ($0.8 million). On a per barrel of crude oil throughput basis, direct operating expenses per barrel of crude oil throughput for the year ended December 31, 2008 decreased to $3.91 per barrel as compared to $7.52 per barrel for the year ended December 31, 2007 principally due to refinery turnaround expenses and the related downtime associated with the turnaround and the June/July 2007 flood and the corresponding impact on overall crude oil throughput and production volume. Net Costs Associated with Flood. Petroleum net costs associated with the June/July 2007 flood for the year ended December 31, 2008 approximated $6.4 million as compared to $36.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. 66 Depreciation and Amortization. Petroleum depreciation and amortization was $62.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $43.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, an increase of $19.7 million over the comparable periods. The increase in petroleum depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily the result of the completion of several large capital projects in April 2007 and a significant capital project completed in February 2008. Goodwill Impairment. In connection with our annual goodwill impairment testing, we determined our goodwill associated with our petroleum business was fully impaired. As a result, we wrote-off approximately $42.8 million in 2008 compared to none in 2007. Operating Income. Petroleum operating income was $31.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to operating income of $144.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This decrease of $113.0 million from the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily the result of a decrease in refining margin ($181.1 million), an increase in depreciation and amortization ($19.7 million) and a non-cash charge related to the impairment of goodwill recorded in 2008 ($42.8 million). Partially offsetting these negative impacts was a significant decrease in direct operating expenses exclusive of depreciation and amortization ($58.1 million), a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses ($42.1 million), primarily attributable to a decrease in our stock price which resulted in a reduction of share-based compensation expense, and a decrease in net costs associated with the flood ($30.3 million). Nitrogen Fertilizer Business Results of Operations The tables below provide an overview of the nitrogen fertilizer business’ results of operations, relevant market indicators and its key operating statistics during the past three years: Nitrogen Fertilizer Business Financial Results 2009 2007 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in millions) $263.0 32.6 $165.9 13.0 Net sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $208.4 42.2 Cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net costs associated with flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 — 18.7 48.9 86.1 — 18.0 116.8 66.7 2.4 16.8 46.6 Key Operating Statistics Production (thousand tons): Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2007 Ammonia (gross produced)(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammonia (net available for sale)(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet coke consumed (thousand tons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet coke (cost per ton) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Sales (thousand tons)(2): 435.2 156.6 677.7 483.5 27 Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.9 686.0 Total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.9 359.1 112.5 599.2 451.9 31 $ 99.4 594.2 693.6 326.7 91.8 576.9 449.8 30 $ 92.1 555.4 647.5 67 Key Operating Statistics Product pricing (plant gate) (dollars per ton)(2): Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2007 Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 314 UAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 198 $ 557 $ 303 $ 376 $ 211 On-stream factor(3): Gasification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.4% 87.8% 96.5% 86.2% 94.1% 83.4% 90.0% 87.7% 78.7% Reconciliation to net sales (dollars in millions): Freight in revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 21.3 0.8 Hydrogen revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.3 Sales net plant gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18.9 9.0 235.1 $ 13.9 — 152.0 Total net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $208.4 $263.0 $165.9 Market Indicators Year Ended December 31, 2009 2007 2008 Natural gas NYMEX (dollars per MMBtu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammonia — Southern Plains (dollars per ton) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UAN — Mid Cornbelt (dollars per ton) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4.16 $ 306 $ 218 $8.91 $ 707 $ 422 $7.12 $ 409 $ 288 (1) The gross tons produced for ammonia represent the total ammonia produced, including ammonia produced that was upgraded into UAN. The net tons available for sale represent the ammonia available for sale that was not upgraded into UAN. (2) Plant gate sales per ton represent net sales less freight costs and hydrogen revenue divided by product sales volume in tons in the reporting period. Plant gate pricing per ton is shown in order to provide a pricing measure that is comparable across the fertilizer industry. (3) On-stream factor is the total number of hours operated divided by the total number of hours in the report- ing period. Excluding the impact of turnarounds and the flood at the fertilizer facility, (i) the on-stream factors in 2009 adjusted for the Linde air separation unit outage would have been 99.3% for gasifier, 98.4% for ammonia and 96.1% for UAN, (ii) the on-stream factors in 2008 adjusted for turnaround would have been 91.7% for gasifier, 90.2% for ammonia and 87.4% for UAN, and (iii) the on-stream factors in 2007 adjusted for flood would have been 94.6% for gasifier, 92.4% for ammonia and 83.9% for UAN. Year Ended December 31, 2009 compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2008 (Nitrogen Fertilizer Business) Net Sales. Nitrogen fertilizer net sales were $208.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to $263.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease of $54.6 million from the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was the result of increases in overall sales volumes ($36.7 million), offset by lower plant gate prices ($91.3 million). In regard to product sales volumes for the year ended December 31, 2009, our nitrogen operations experienced an increase of 61% in ammonia sales unit volumes and an increase of 15% in UAN sales unit volumes. On-stream factors (total number of hours operated divided by total hours in the reporting period) for 2009 compared to 2008 were higher for all units of our nitrogen fertilizer operations, with the exception of the UAN plant, primarily due to unscheduled downtime and the completion of the bi-annual scheduled turnaround for the nitrogen fertilizer plant completed in October 2008. It is typical to experience brief outages in complex manufacturing operations such as the nitrogen fertilizer plant which result in less than one hundred percent on- stream availability for one or more specific units. 68 Plant gate prices are prices at the designated delivery point less any freight cost we absorb to deliver the product. We believe plant gate price is meaningful because we sell products both at our plant gate (sold plant) and delivered to the customer’s designated delivery site (sold delivered) and the percentage of sold plant versus sold delivered can change month to month or year to year. The plant gate price provides a measure that is consistently comparable period to period. Plant gate prices for the year ended December 31, 2009 for ammonia and UAN were less than plant gate prices for the comparable period of 2008 by 44% and 34%, respectively. We believe the dramatic decrease in nitrogen fertilizer prices was in part due to the decrease in natural gas prices and overall economic and market conditions. Cost of Product Sold (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) is primarily comprised of petroleum coke expense and freight and distribution expenses. Cost of product sold excluding depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $42.2 million compared to $32.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The increase of $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily the result of inventory change of $6.1 million, $2.6 million increase in freight expense and increase in hydrogen costs of $1.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in pet coke cost of $1.2 million over the comparable periods. Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Direct operating expenses for our Nitrogen fertilizer operations include costs associated with the actual operations of the nitrogen fertilizer plant, such as repairs and maintenance, energy and utility costs, catalyst and chemical costs, outside services, labor and environmental compliance costs. Nitrogen fertilizer direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the year ended December 31, 2009 were $84.5 million as compared to $86.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily the result of net decreases in expenses associated with downtime repairs and maintenance ($6.5 million), turnaround ($3.4 million), outside services and other direct operating expenses ($0.7 million), property taxes ($0.7 million), and insurance ($0.2 million). These decreases in direct operating expenses were partially offset by increases in expenses associated with utilities ($4.4 million), labor ($2.4 million), catalyst ($1.0 million) and combined with a decrease in the price we receive for sulfur produced as a by-product of our manufacturing process ($2.0 million). Depreciation and Amortization. Nitrogen fertilizer depreciation and amortization increased to $18.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to $18.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Operating Income. Nitrogen fertilizer operating income was $48.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, or 23% of net sales, as compared to $116.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, or 44% of net sales. This decrease of $67.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was the result of a decline in the nitrogen fertilizer margin ($64.2 million), increases in selling, general and administrative expenses ($4.7 million), primarily attributable to an increase in share-based compensation expense and depreciation and amortization ($0.7 million) partially off set by lower direct operating costs ($1.6 million). Year Ended December 31, 2008 compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2007 (Nitrogen Fertilizer Business) Net Sales. Nitrogen fertilizer net sales were $263.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $165.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase of $97.1 million from the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was the result of increases in overall sales volumes ($26.0 million) and higher plant gate prices ($71.1 million). In regard to product sales volumes for the year ended December 31, 2008, our nitrogen operations experienced an increase of 8% in ammonia sales unit volumes and an increase of 7% in UAN sales unit volumes. On-stream factors (total number of hours operated divided by total hours in the reporting period) for 2008 compared to 2007 were slightly lower for all units of our nitrogen fertilizer operations, with the exception of the UAN plant, primarily due to unscheduled downtime and the completion of the bi-annual scheduled turnaround for the nitrogen fertilizer plant completed in October 2008. It is typical to experience 69 brief outages in complex manufacturing operations such as the nitrogen fertilizer plant which result in less than one hundred percent on-stream availability for one or more specific units. After the 2008 turnaround, the gasifier on-stream rate rose to nearly 100% for the remainder of the year. Plant gate prices are prices at the designated delivery point less any freight cost we absorb to deliver the product. We believe plant gate price is meaningful because we sell products both at our plant gate (sold plant) and delivered to the customer’s designated delivery site (sold delivered) and the percentage of sold plant versus sold delivered can change month to month or year to year. The plant gate price provides a measure that is consistently comparable period to period. Plant gate prices for the year ended December 31, 2008 for ammonia and UAN were greater than plant gate prices for the comparable period of 2007 by 48% and 43%, respectively. This dramatic increase in nitrogen fertilizer prices was not the direct result of an increase in natural gas prices, but rather the result of increased demand for nitrogen-based fertilizers due to historically low endings stocks of global grains and a surge in the prices of corn, wheat and soybeans, the primary crops in our region. This increase in demand for nitrogen-based fertilizers has created an environment in which nitrogen fertilizer prices have disconnected from their traditional correlation with natural gas prices. Cost of Product Sold (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) is primarily comprised of petroleum coke expense and freight and distribution expenses. Cost of product sold excluding depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $32.6 million compared to $13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase of $19.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily the result of a change in intercompany accounting for hydrogen reimbursement ($17.8 million) and a $5.1 million increase in freight expense, partially offset by a $3.7 million change in inventory over the comparable periods. For the year ended December 31, 2007, hydrogen reimbursement was included in the cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). For the year ended December 31, 2008, hydrogen reimbursement has been included in net sales. The amounts eliminate in consolidation. Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization). Direct operating expenses for our Nitrogen fertilizer operations include costs associated with the actual operations of the nitrogen fertilizer plant, such as repairs and maintenance, energy and utility costs, catalyst and chemical costs, outside services, labor and environmental compliance costs. Nitrogen fertilizer direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $86.1 million as compared to $66.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase of $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was primarily the result of increases in expenses associated with taxes ($11.6 million), turnaround ($3.3 million), outside services ($2.8 million), catalysts ($1.7 million), direct labor ($0.8 million), insurance ($0.6 million), slag disposal ($0.5 million), and downtime repairs and maintenance ($0.5 million). These increases in direct operating expenses were partially offset by reductions in expenses associated with royalties and other expense ($2.0 million), utilities ($0.5 million), environmental ($0.4 million) and equipment rental ($0.3 million). Net Costs Associated with Flood. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the nitrogen fertilizer business did not record any net costs associated with flood. This compares to $2.4 million of net costs associated with flood for the year ended December 31, 2007. Depreciation and Amortization. Nitrogen fertilizer depreciation and amortization increased to $18.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $16.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Operating Income. Nitrogen fertilizer operating income was $116.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, or 44% of net sales, as compared to $46.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, or 28% of net sales. This increase of $70.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was partially the result of an increase in both plant gate prices ($71.1 million) and an increase in overall sales volumes ($26.0 million). Partially offsetting the positive effects of plant gate prices and sales volumes was an increase in direct operating expenses excluding depreciation and amortization associated with taxes ($11.6 million), turnaround ($3.3 million), outside services ($2.8 million), catalysts ($1.7 million), direct labor ($0.8 million), insurance ($0.6 million), slag disposal ($0.5 million), and repairs and maintenance ($0.5 million). These increases in direct operating expenses were partially offset by 70 reductions in expenses associated with royalties and other expense ($2.0 million), utilities ($0.5 million), environmental ($0.4 million), and equipment rental ($0.3 million). Liquidity and Capital Resources Our primary sources of liquidity currently consist of cash generated from our operating activities, existing cash and cash equivalent balances and our existing revolving credit facility. Our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from our operating activities will continue to be primarily dependent on producing or purchasing, and selling, sufficient quantities of refined products at margins sufficient to cover fixed and variable expenses. We believe that our cash flows from operations and existing cash and cash equivalent balances, together with borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility as necessary, will be sufficient to satisfy the anticipated cash requirements associated with our existing operations for at least the next 12 months. However, our future capital expenditures and other cash requirements could be higher than we currently expect as a result of various factors. Additionally, our ability to generate sufficient cash from our operating activities depends on our future performance, which is subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. Cash Balance and Other Liquidity As of December 31, 2009, we had cash and cash equivalents of $36.9 million. As of December 31, 2009 and March 8, 2010, we had no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility and aggregate availability of $86.2 million and $114.2 million, respectively, under our revolving credit facility. At March 8, 2010, we had cash and cash equivalents of $44.3 million. Working capital at December 31, 2009 was $235.4 million, consisting of $426.0 million in current assets and $190.6 million in current liabilities. Working capital at December 31, 2008 was $128.5 million, consisting of $373.4 million in current assets and $244.9 million in current liabilities. Credit Facility Our credit facility currently consists of tranche D term loans with an outstanding balance of $479.5 million at December 31, 2009 and a $150.0 million revolving credit facility. The tranche D term loans outstanding as of December 31, 2009 are subject to quarterly principal amortization payments of 0.25% of the outstanding balance, increasing to 23.5% of the outstanding principal balance on April 1, 2013 and the next two quarters, with a final payment of the aggregate outstanding balance on December 28, 2013. In January 2010, we made a voluntary unscheduled principal payment of $20.0 million on our tranche D term loans. In addition, we made a second voluntary unscheduled principal payment of $5.0 million in February 2010. Our outstanding term loan balance as of March 8, 2010 was $453.3 million. In connection with these voluntary prepayments, we paid a 2.0% premium totaling $0.5 million to the lenders of our credit facility. These unscheduled principal payments occurred primarily as a result of a partial reduction of our contango crude oil inventory in January and February 2010. The revolving credit facility of $150.0 million provides for direct cash borrowings for general corporate purposes and on a short-term basis. Availability under the revolving credit facility is reduced by letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility, which are subject to a $75.0 million sub-limit. As of December 31, 2009, we had $63.8 million of outstanding letters of credit consisting of: $0.2 million in letters of credit in support of certain environmental obligations, $30.6 million in letters of credit to secure transportation services for crude oil ($27.4 million of which relates to TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP (“TransCanada”) petroleum transportation service agreements, the validity of which we are contesting), $5.0 million standby letter of credit issued in connection with the Interest Rate Swap and a $28.0 million standby letter of credit issued in support of the purchase of feedstocks. On January 11, 2010, the $28.0 million standby letter of credit was reduced to $0. The $5.0 million standby letter of credit was required by the counterparty to the Interest Rate Swap as the counterparty was previously collateralized by the funded letter of credit facility that was terminated on October 15, 2009. The revolving loan commitment expires on 71 December 28, 2012. We have the option to extend this maturity upon written notice to the lenders; however, the revolving loan maturity cannot be extended beyond the final maturity of the term loans, which is December 28, 2013. As of December 31, 2009, we had available $86.2 million under the revolving credit facility. Since the inception of the Cash Flow Swap, and at all times prior to its termination, we maintained a $150.0 million funded letter of credit facility which provided credit support for our obligations under the Cash Flow Swap. Contingent upon the requirements of the Cash Flow Swap, we had the ability to reduce the funded letter of credit at any time upon written notice to the lenders. During 2009, we were able to reduce the funded letter of credit from $150.0 million to $60.0 million effective June 1, 2009. In connection with the termination of the Cash Flow Swap on October 8, 2009, we were able to terminate the remaining $60.0 million funded letter of credit on October 15, 2009. The credit facility incorporates the following pricing by facility type: (cid:129) Tranche D term loans and revolving credit loans each bear interest at either (a) the greater of the prime rate and the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%, plus in either case the interest-rate margin (as discussed below) or, at the borrower’s option, (b) LIBOR plus the interest-rate margin. (cid:129) Revolving credit lenders each receive commitment fees equal to the amount of undrawn revolving credit loans, multiplied by 0.5% per annum. (cid:129) Letters of credit issued under the $75.0 million sub-limit available under the revolving credit facility are subject to a fee equal to the applicable margin on revolving LIBOR loans owing to all revolving credit lenders and a fronting fee of 0.25% per annum owing to the issuing lender. As of December 31, 2009, the interest-rate margin applicable to the tranche D term loans and revolving credit loans was 5.25%. The interest-rate margin could increase incrementally by 0.25%, up to 1.0%, or decrease by 0.25%, based on changes in credit rating by either Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or Moody’s. On December 22, 2008, CRLLC entered into a second amendment to its credit facility. The amendment was entered into, among other things, to amend the definition of consolidated adjusted EBITDA to add a FIFO adjustment which applied for the year ending December 31, 2008 through the quarter ending September 30, 2009. This FIFO adjustment was to be used for the purpose of testing compliance with the financial covenants under the credit facility until the quarter ending June 30, 2010. CRLLC sought and obtained the amendment due to the dramatic decrease in the price of crude oil during the months preceding the amendment and the effect that such crude oil price decrease would have had on the measurement of the financial ratios under the credit facility. As part of the amendment, CRLLC’s interest-rate margin increased by 2.50%, and LIBOR and the base rate were set at a minimum of 3.25% and 4.25%, respectively. On October 2, 2009, CRLLC entered into a third amendment to its credit facility. The third amendment (among other things): (cid:129) Permitted CRLLC to terminate the Cash Flow Swap with J. Aron and to return to the lenders $60.0 million of funded letter of credit deposits in connection therewith. CRLLC terminated the funded letter of credit facility effective October 15, 2009. (cid:129) Enables CRLLC and subsidiaries of CVR, which are parties to the credit agreement, to pay up to $20 million in dividends during any fiscal year to CVR (which is not a party to the credit agreement) to allow CVR to make interest payments on any indebtedness it may incur, subject to certain conditions. (cid:129) Requires that 35% of net proceeds obtained through indebtedness issued by CVR Energy, Inc. be used to prepay the tranche D term loans. (cid:129) Requires CRLLC to pay a premium on certain voluntary prepayments and mandatory prepayments of the term loans in an amount equal to (a) 2.00% for the 1-year period after the effective date of the third amendment and (b) 1.00% for the period beginning at the end of such 1-year period and ending on the second anniversary of the effective date of the third amendment. 72 (cid:129) Reduces the percentage of consolidated excess cash flow that has to be used to prepay loans from 100% to 75%. As such, 75% of consolidated excess cash flow less 100% of voluntary prepayments made during the fiscal year must be used to prepay outstanding loans (excluding repayments of revolving or swing line loans). (cid:129) Extends the application of the FIFO adjustment obtained in connection with the second amendment through the remaining term of the credit facility at a reduced level of 75%. (cid:129) Provides greater flexibility with respect to the financial covenants by adjusting the leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio to 2.75:1.00 and 3.00:1.00, respectively, through the remaining term of the credit facility. (cid:129) Increases the interest-rate margin applicable to the loans by 0.50% if CRLLC’s credit rating drops to the equivalent of a CCC+ or worse. (cid:129) Amends the definition of “Change of Control”. In February 2010, CRLLC launched a fourth amendment to its credit facility. Requisite approval was received by its lenders on March 11, 2010. The amendment, among other things, affords CRLLC the opportunity to issue junior lien debt, subject to certain conditions, including, but not limited to, a requirement that 100% of the proceeds are used to prepay the tranche D term loans. The amendment also affords CRLLC the opportunity to issue up to $350.0 million of first lien debt, subject to certain conditions, including, but not limited to, a requirement that 100% of the proceeds are used to prepay all of the remaining tranche D term loans. The amendment provides financial flexibility to CRLLC through modifications to its financial covenants over the next four quarters and, if the initial issuance of junior lien debt occurs prior to March 31, 2011, the total leverage ratio becomes a first-lien only test and the interest coverage ratio is further modified. Additionally, the amendment permits CRLLC to re-invest up to $15.0 million of asset sale proceeds each year, so long as such proceeds are re-invested within twelve months of receipt (eighteen months if a binding agreement is entered into within twelve months). CRLLC will pay an upfront fee in an amount to equal 0.75% of the aggregate of the approving lenders’ loans and commitments outstanding as of March 11, 2010. Additionally, consenting lenders will also be paid an additional 0.25% consent fee on each of July 1, 2010, October 1, 2010 and January 1, 2011, if an initial issuance of junior lien debt is not completed by each of those respective dates. Additionally, CRLLC will pay a fee of $0.9 million in the first quarter of 2010 to a subsidiary of GS in connection with their services as lead bookrunner related to the amendment. Under the terms of our credit facility, the interest-rate margin paid is subject to change based on changes in our credit rating by either S&P or Moody’s. In February 2009, S&P placed the Company on negative outlook which resulted in an increase in our interest rate of 0.25% on amounts borrowed under our term loan facility, revolving credit facility and the funded letter of credit facility. In August 2009, S&P revised the Company’s outlook to “stable” which resulted in a decrease in our interest rate by 0.25%, effective September 1, 2009, on amounts borrowed under our term loan facility, revolving credit facility and the funded letter of credit facility. As noted above, the Company terminated the funded letter of credit facility effective October 15, 2009. The credit facility contains customary covenants, which, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of CRLLC and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, create liens on assets, make restricted junior payments, enter into agreements that restrict subsidiary distributions, make investments, loans or advances, engage in mergers, acquisitions or sales of assets, dispose of subsidiary interests, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, engage in certain transactions with affiliates and stockholders, change the business conducted by the credit parties, and enter into hedging agreements. The credit facility provides that CRLLC may not enter into commodity agreements if, after giving effect thereto, the exposure under all such commodity agreements exceeds 75% of Actual Production (the estimated future production of refined products based on the actual production for the three prior months) or for a term of longer than six years from December 28, 2006. In addition, CRLLC may not enter into material amendments related to any material rights under the Partnership’s 73 partnership agreement without the prior written approval of the requisite lenders. These limitations are subject to critical exceptions and exclusions and are not designed to protect investors in our common stock. The credit facility also requires CRLLC to maintain certain financial ratios as follows: Fiscal Quarter Ending Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio Maximum Leverage Ratio December 31, 2009 and thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00:1.00 2.75:1.00 The computation of these ratios is governed by the specific terms of the credit facility and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed for other purposes or by other companies. The minimum interest coverage ratio is the ratio of consolidated adjusted EBITDA to consolidated cash interest expense over a four quarter period. The maximum leverage ratio is the ratio of consolidated total debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA over a four quarter period. The computation of these ratios requires a calculation of consolidated adjusted EBITDA. In general, under the terms of our credit facility, consolidated adjusted EBITDA is calculated by adding CRLLC consolidated net income (loss), consolidated interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, other non-cash expenses, any fees and expenses related to permitted acquisitions, any non-recurring expenses incurred in connection with the issuance of debt or equity, management fees, any unusual or non-recurring charges up to 7.5% of CRLLC consolidated adjusted EBITDA, any net after-tax loss from disposed or discontinued operations, any incremental property taxes related to abatement non-renewal, any losses attributable to minority equity interests, major scheduled turnaround expenses and for purposes of computing the financial ratios (and compliance therewith), the FIFO adjustment, and then subtracting certain items that increase consolidated net income. As of December 31, 2009, we were in compliance with our covenants under the credit facility. We present CRLLC consolidated adjusted EBITDA because it is a material component of material covenants within our current credit facility and significantly impacts our liquidity and ability to borrow under our revolving line of credit. However, CRLLC consolidated adjusted EBITDA is not a defined term under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income as a measure of operating results or as an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. CRLLC consolidated adjusted 74 EBITDA is calculated under the credit facility as follows which reconciles CVR consolidated net income (loss) to CRLLC consolidated net income (loss) for the years presented below: Consolidated Financial Results CVR net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plus: 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008(2) (in millions) $ 163.9 $ 69.4 2007(2) $ (67.6) Selling, general and administrative at CVR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on extinguishment of debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-cash compensation expense for equity awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unusual or nonrecurring charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 — — 29.2 1.8 — — — 4.0 — — 63.9 (6.7) 2.2 (0.1) — 1.8 0.6 0.7 (88.5) — — — (0.2) CRLLC consolidated net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 227.2 (153.2) Plus: Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on extinguishment of debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Letters of credit expenses and interest rate swap not included in interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major scheduled turnaround expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized (gain) or loss on derivatives, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-cash compensation expense for equity awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Gain) or loss on disposition of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unusual or nonrecurring charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property tax — increases due to expiration of abatement . . . . . . . . FIFO impact (favorable) unfavorable(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill impairment 84.9 44.2 2.1 13.4 — 37.8 3.3 — 2.7 10.9 (50.9) — — 82.2 40.3 10.0 7.4 3.3 (247.9) (10.5) 5.8 10.3 11.6 102.5 — 42.8 68.4 60.5 0.6 1.8 76.4 113.5 25.0 1.3 — — — 11.7 — CRLLC consolidated adjusted EBITDA(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $262.7 $ 285.0 $ 206.0 (1) The second amendment to the credit facility entered into on December 22, 2008 amended the definition of consolidated adjusted EBITDA to add a FIFO adjustment. This amendment to the definition first applied for the year ending December 31, 2008 and applied through the quarter ending September 30, 2009. The third amendment to the credit facility entered into on October 2, 2009 permits CRLLC to continue to incorporate the FIFO adjustment at a reduced level of 75% into its financial covenant calculations through the remaining term of the credit facility. (2) The 2008 and 2007 adjusted EBITDA amounts have been updated to incorporate the reconciliation of CVR consolidated net income (loss) to CRLLC consolidated net income (loss), for purposes of compara- bility to the 2009 CRLLC consolidated adjusted EBITDA. In addition to the financial covenants previously mentioned, the credit facility restricts the capital expenditures of CRLLC and its subsidiaries to $80.0 million in 2010, and $50.0 million in 2011 and thereafter. The capital expenditures covenant includes a mechanism for carrying over the excess of any previous year’s capital expenditure limit. The capital expenditures limitation will not apply for any fiscal year commencing with fiscal year 2009 if CRLLC obtains a total leverage ratio of less than or equal to 1.25:1.00 for any quarter 75 commencing with the quarter ended December 31, 2008. We believe the limitations on our capital expenditures imposed by the credit facility should allow us to meet our current capital expenditure needs. However, if future events require us or make it beneficial for us to make capital expenditures beyond those currently planned, we would need to obtain consent from the lenders under our credit facility. The credit facility also contains customary events of default. The events of default include the failure to pay interest and principal when due, including fees and any other amounts owed under the credit facility, a breach of certain covenants under the credit facility, a breach of any representation or warranty contained in the credit facility, any default under any of the documents entered into in connection with the credit facility, the failure to pay principal or interest or any other amount payable under other debt arrangements in an aggregate amount of at least $20.0 million, a breach or default with respect to material terms under other debt arrangements in an aggregate amount of at least $20.0 million which results in the debt becoming payable or declared due and payable before its stated maturity, events of bankruptcy, judgments and attachments exceeding $20.0 million, events relating to employee benefit plans resulting in liability in excess of $20.0 million, a change in control, the guarantees, collateral documents or the credit facility failing to be in full force and effect or being declared null and void, any guarantor repudiating its obligations, the failure of the collateral agent under the credit facility to have a perfected lien on any material portion of the collateral, any party under the credit facility (other than the agent or lenders under the credit facility) contesting the validity or enforceability of the credit facility, and if CVR incurs indebtedness, certain defaults with respect to such indebtedness. The credit facility is subject to an intercreditor agreement between the lenders and J. Aron which deals with, among other things, voting, priority of liens, payments and proceeds of sale of collateral. Payment Deferrals Related to Cash Flow Swap As a result of the June/July 2007 flood and the temporary cessation of our operations on June 30, 2007, CRLLC entered into several deferral agreements with J. Aron with respect to the Cash Flow Swap. These deferral agreements deferred to January 31, 2008 the payment of approximately $123.7 million (plus accrued interest) which we owed to J. Aron. On October 11, 2008, J. Aron agreed to further defer these payments to July 31, 2009. At the time of the October 11, 2008 deferral, the outstanding balance was $72.5 million. In conjunction with the additional deferral of the remaining payments, we agreed to pay interest on the outstanding balance at the rate of LIBOR plus 2.75% until December 15, 2008 and LIBOR plus 5.00% to 7.50% (depending on J. Aron’s cost of capital) from December 15, 2008 through the date of the payment. We also agreed to make prepayments of $5.0 million for the quarters ending March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009. Additionally, we agreed that, to the extent CRLLC or any of its subsidiaries received net insurance proceeds related to the 2007 flood, the proceeds would be used to prepay the deferred amounts. The Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Funds each guaranteed one half of the deferred payment obligations. In January and February 2009, we prepaid $46.4 million of the deferred obligation, reducing the total principal deferred obligation to $16.1 million. On March 2, 2009, the remaining principal balance of $16.1 million was paid in full including accrued interest of $0.5 million resulting in CRLLC being unconditionally and irrevocably released from any and all of its obligations under the deferred agreements. In addition, J. Aron released the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Fund from any and all of their obligations to guarantee the deferred payment obligations. Capital Spending Our total capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2009 totaled $48.8 million, of which approximately $34.0 million was spent for the petroleum business, $13.4 million for the nitrogen fertilizer business and $1.4 million for corporate purposes. We divide our capital spending needs into two categories: non-discretionary and discretionary. Non-discretionary capital spending is required to maintain safe and reliable operations or to comply with environmental, health and safety regulations. We undertake discretionary capital spending based on the expected return on incremental capital employed. Discretionary capital projects generally involve an expansion of existing capacity, improvement in product yields, and/or a reduction in direct operating expenses. 76 The following table summarizes our total actual capital expenditures for 2009 and planned capital expenditures for 2010 by operating segment and major category (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2009 Actual 2010 Budget Petroleum Business: Environmental, safety and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ultra low sulfur gasoline (Tier II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sustaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Petroleum business total capital excluding turnaround expenditures . . . . Nitrogen Business: Environmental, safety and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sustaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nitrogen business total capital excluding turnaround expenditures . . . . . Corporate: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2.3 21.2 10.5 34.0 0.9 12.5 13.4 1.4 $15.4 22.0 15.3 52.7 1.1 12.8 13.9 1.8 Total capital spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $48.8 $68.4 In addition to the estimate of 2010 capital spending, as reflected in the above table, we expect to incur total major scheduled turnaround expenses of approximately $1.0 million for the petroleum business and approximately $3.8 million for the nitrogen fertilizer business. Compliance with the Tier II gasoline required us to spend approximately $21.2 million in 2009 and we estimate that compliance will require us to spend approximately $22.0 million in 2010. Our planned capital expenditures for 2010 are subject to change due to unanticipated increases in the cost, scope and completion time for our capital projects. For example, we may experience increases in labor and/or equipment costs necessary to comply with government regulations or to complete projects that sustain or improve the profitability of our refinery or nitrogen fertilizer plant. Capital spending for the nitrogen fertilizer business has been and will be determined by the managing general partner of the Partnership. The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated below: Cash Flows 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 2007 (in millions) Net cash provided by (used in) Operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 85.3 (48.3) Investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9.0) Financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 83.2 (86.5) (18.3) $ 145.9 (268.6) 111.3 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 28.0 $(21.6) $ (11.4) Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities Net cash flows from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $85.3 million. The positive cash flow from operating activities generated over this period was primarily driven by $69.4 million of net income, favorable changes in other working capital and other assets and liabilities offset by unfavorable changes in trade working capital over the period. For purposes of this cash flow discussion, we define trade working capital as accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable. Other working capital is defined as all other current assets and liabilities except trade working capital. Net income for the period was not indicative of the operating margins for the period. This is the result of the accounting treatment of our derivatives in general and more specifically, the Cash Flow Swap. For the year ended December 31, 2009, our net income 77 was adversely impacted by both realized and unrealized losses of $55.2 million. Significant uses of cash for 2009 included the pay down of the J. Aron deferral totaling $62.4 million and the payment of $21.1 million for realized losses on the Cash Flow Swap. Partially offsetting the payments related to realized losses on the Cash Flow Swap was a cash receipt of $3.9 million related to the early termination of the Cash Flow Swap on October, 8, 2009 as well as additional insurance proceeds of $11.8 million. Other significant changes in working capital included a decrease of $12.1 million related to prepaid and other current assets and a decrease of $20.0 million of accrued income taxes. Trade working capital for the year-ended December 31, 2009 resulted in a use of cash of $133.9 million. This use of cash was the result of an inventory increase of $126.4 million, increased accounts receivable of $13.1 million, an increase in accounts payable by $0.7 million and the accrual of construction in progress of $5.0 million. Net cash flows from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $83.2 million. The positive cash flow from operating activities generated over this period was primarily driven by $163.9 million of net income, favorable changes in trade working capital and other assets and liabilities partially offset by unfavorable changes in other working capital. Net income for the period was not indicative of the operating margins for the period. This is the result of the accounting treatment of our derivatives in general and more specifically, the Cash Flow Swap. Therefore, net income for the year ended December 31, 2008 included both the realized losses and the unrealized gains on the Cash Flow Swap. Since the Cash Flow Swap had a significant term remaining as of December 31, 2008 (approximately one year and six months) and the NYMEX crack spread that is the basis for the underlying swaps had decreased, the unrealized gains on the Cash Flow Swap significantly increased our net income over this period. The impact of these unrealized gains on the Cash Flow Swap is apparent in the $326.5 million decrease in the payable to swap counterparty. Other uses of cash from other working capital included $19.1 million from prepaid expenses and other current assets, $9.5 million from accrued income taxes and $7.4 million from deferred revenue and $5.3 million from other current liabilities, partially offset by a $74.2 million source of cash from insurance proceeds. Increasing our operating cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $88.1 million source of cash related to changes in trade working capital. For the year ended December 31, 2008, accounts receivable decreased $49.5 million and inventory decreased by $98.0 million resulting in a net source of cash of $147.5 million. These sources of cash due to changes in trade working capital were partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable, or a use of cash, of $59.4 million. Other primary sources of cash during the period include a $55.9 million cash related to deferred income taxes primarily the result of the unrealized loss on the Cash Flow Swap. Net cash flows from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $145.9 million. The positive cash flow from operating activities generated over this period was primarily driven by favorable changes in other working capital partially offset by unfavorable changes in trade working capital and other assets and liabilities over the period. Net income for the period was not indicative of the operating margins for the period. This is the result of the accounting treatment of our derivatives in general and more specifically, the Cash Flow Swap. For the year ended December 31, 2007, our results included both the realized losses and the unrealized losses on the Cash Flow Swap. Since the Cash Flow Swap had a significant term remaining as of December 31, 2007 (approximately two years and six months) and the NYMEX crack spread that is the basis for the underlying swaps had increased, the unrealized losses on the Cash Flow Swap significantly decreased our net income over this period. The impact of these unrealized losses on the Cash Flow Swap is apparent in the $240.9 million increase in the payable to swap counterparty. Other sources of cash from other working capital included $4.8 million from prepaid expenses and other current assets, $27.0 million from other current liabilities and $20.0 million in insurance proceeds. Reducing our operating cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $42.9 million use of cash related to changes in trade working capital. For the year ended December 31, 2007, accounts receivable increased $17.0 million and inventory increased by $85.0 million resulting in a net use of cash of $102.0 million. These uses of cash due to changes in trade working capital were partially offset by an increase in accounts payable, or a source of cash, of $59.1 million. Other primary uses of cash during the period include a $105.3 million increase in our insurance receivable related to the June/July 2007 flood and a $57.7 million use of cash related to deferred income taxes primarily the result of the unrealized loss on the Cash Flow Swap. 78 Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $48.3 million compared to $86.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily the result of reduced capital expenditures associated with various completed capital projects in our petroleum business in 2008. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $86.5 million compared to $268.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007 was the result of decreased capital expenditures associated with various capital projects in our petroleum business. Cash Flows Used In Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $9.0 million as compared to net cash used by financing activities of $18.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The primary uses of cash for the year ended December 31, 2009 were $4.8 million of scheduled principal payments in long-term debt and $4.0 million for the payment of financing costs associated with the amendment to our outstanding credit facility. The primary uses of cash for the year ended December 31, 2008 were an $8.5 million payment for financing costs, $4.8 million of scheduled principal payments in long-term debt retirement and $4.0 million related to deferred costs associated with the abandoned initial public offering of the Partnership and CVR Energy’s proposed convertible debt offering. Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $18.3 million as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $111.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The primary uses of cash for the year ended December 31, 2008 were an $8.5 million payment for financing costs, $4.8 million of scheduled principal payments in long-term debt retirement and $4.0 million related to deferred costs associated with the abandoned initial public offering of the Partnership and CVR Energy’s proposed convertible debt offering. The primary sources of cash for the year ended December 31, 2007 were obtained through $399.6 million of proceeds associated with our initial public offering. The primary uses of cash for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $335.8 million of long-term debt retirement and $2.5 million in payments of financing costs. Capital and Commercial Commitments In addition to long-term debt, we are required to make payments relating to various types of obligations. The following table summarizes our minimum payments as of December 31, 2009 relating to long-term debt, operating leases, unconditional purchase obligations and other specified capital and commercial commitments for the five-year period following December 31, 2009 and thereafter. Total 2010 Payments Due by Period 2013 2012 2011 2014 Thereafter (in millions) Contractual Obligations Long-term debt(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $479.5 21.6 Operating leases(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital lease obligation(3) . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Unconditional purchase obligations(4)(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Environmental liabilities(6) . . . . . . . . . Interest payments(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.5 5.8 148.5 $ 4.8 5.4 4.4 32.1 2.2 41.1 $ 4.7 5.4 — 30.5 0.4 40.6 $ 4.7 5.0 — 27.7 0.4 40.4 $465.3 2.6 — $ — $ — 1.3 — 1.9 — 27.8 0.3 26.4 27.8 0.4 — 154.6 2.1 — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $960.3 $90.0 $81.6 $78.2 $522.4 $30.1 $158.0 Other Commercial Commitments Standby letters of credit(8) . . . . . . . . . . $ 63.8 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 79 (1) Long-term debt amortization is based on the contractual terms of our credit facility and assumes no addi- tional borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We may be required to amend our credit facility in connection with an offering by the Partnership. As of December 31, 2009, $479.5 million was outstanding under our credit facility. See “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — Credit Facility.” In January 2010, we made a voluntary unscheduled principal payment of $20.0 million on our tranche D term loans. In addi- tion, we made a second voluntary unscheduled principal payment of $5.0 million in February 2010. Our outstanding term loan balance as of March 8, 2010 was $453.3 million. (2) The nitrogen fertilizer business leases various facilities and equipment, primarily railcars, under non-can- celable operating leases for various periods. (3) This amount represents a capital lease for real property used for corporate purposes. (4) The amount includes (a) commitments under several agreements in our petroleum operations related to pipeline usage, petroleum products storage and petroleum transportation and (b) commitments under an electric supply agreement with the city of Coffeyville. (5) This amount excludes approximately $510.0 million potentially payable under petroleum transportation service agreements with TransCanada, pursuant to which CRRM would receive transportation of at least 25,000 barrels per day of crude oil with a delivery point at Cushing, Oklahoma for a term of 10 years on a new pipeline system being constructed by TransCanada. This $510.0 million would be payable ratably over the 10 year service period under the agreements, such period to begin upon commencement of ser- vices under the new pipeline system. Based on information currently available to us, we believe com- mencement of services would begin in the first quarter of 2011. The Company filed a Statement of Claim in the Court of the Queen’s Bench of Alberta, Judicial District of Calgary, on September 15, 2009, to dis- pute the validity of the petroleum transportation service agreements. The Company cannot provide any assurance that the petroleum transportation service agreements will be found to be invalid. (6) Environmental liabilities represents (a) our estimated payments required by federal and/or state environ- mental agencies related to closure of hazardous waste management units at our sites in Coffeyville and Phillipsburg, Kansas and (b) our estimated remaining costs to address environmental contamination result- ing from a reported release of UAN in 2005 pursuant to the State of Kansas Voluntary Cleaning and Rede- velopment Program. We also have other environmental liabilities which are not contractual obligations but which would be necessary for our continued operations. See “Business — Environmental Matters.” (7) Interest payments are based on interest rates in effect at December 31, 2009 and assume contractual amor- tization payments. (8) Standby letters of credit include $0.2 million of letters of credit issued in connection with environmental liabilities, $30.6 million in letters of credit to secure transportation services for crude oil, $5.0 million standby letter of credit issued in support of the Interest Rate Swap and $28.0 million standby letter of credit issued in support of the purchase of feedstocks. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, to fund planned capital expenditures and to satisfy our other capital and commercial commitments will depend on our ability to generate cash flow in the future. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness is also subject to the availability of the credit markets, which in recent periods have been extremely volatile. This, to a certain extent, is subject to refining spreads, fertilizer margins and general economic financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, and future borrowings may not be available to us under our credit facility (or other credit facilities we may enter into in the future) in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may seek to sell additional assets to fund our liquidity needs but may not be able to do so. We may also need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. 80 We do not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined within the rules and regulations of the SEC. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Recently Issued Accounting Standards In June 2009, the FASB issued The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (the “Codification”). The Codification reorganized existing U.S. accounting and reporting standards issued by the FASB and other related private sector standard setters into a single source of authoritative accounting principles arranged by topic. The Codification supersedes all existing U.S. accounting standards; all other accounting literature not included in the Codification (other than SEC guidance for publicly-traded companies) is considered non-authoritative. The Codification was effective on a prospective basis for interim and annual reporting periods ending after September 15, 2009. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of July 1, 2009. The adoption of the Codification changed the Company’s references to U.S. GAAP accounting standards but did not impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In June 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to a previously issued standard regarding consolidation of variable interest entities. This amendment is intended to improve financial reporting by enterprises involved with variable interest entities. The provisions of the amendment are effective as of the beginning of the entity’s first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, for interim periods within that first annual reporting period, and for interim and annual reporting periods thereafter. The Company does not believe it will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In May 2009, the FASB issued general standards of accounting for, and disclosure of, events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or available to be issued. This standard became effective June 15, 2009 and is to be applied to all interim and annual financial periods ending thereafter. It requires the disclosure of the date through which the Company has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date — that is, whether that date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2009. As a result of this adoption, the Company provided additional disclosures regarding the evaluation of subsequent events. There is no impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Company as a result of this adoption. In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance for determining the fair value of an asset or liability when there has been a significant decrease in market activity. In addition, this standard requires additional disclosures regarding the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value and a discussion of changes in valuation techniques and related inputs, if any, during annual or interim periods. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2009. Based upon the Company’s assets and liabilities currently subject to the provisions of this standard, there is no impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or disclosures as a result of this adoption. In June 2008, the FASB issued guidance to assist companies when determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities, which became effective January 1, 2009 and is to be applied retrospectively. Under this guidance, unvested share-based payment awards, which receive non-forfeitable dividend rights or dividend equivalents, are considered participating securities and are now required to be included in computing earnings per share under the two class method. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2009. Based upon the nature of the Company’s share-based payment awards, it has been determined that these awards are not participating securities and, therefore, the standard currently has no impact on the Company’s earnings per share calculations. In March 2008, the FASB issued an amendment to the previously issued standard regarding the accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. This amendment changes the disclosure require- ments for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items 81 are accounted for and how derivative instruments and related hedge items affect an entity’s financial position, net earnings, and cash flows. As required, the Company adopted this amendment as of January 1, 2009. As a result of the adoption, the Company provided additional disclosures regarding its derivative instruments in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. There is no impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Company as a result of this adoption. In February 2008, the FASB issued guidance which defers the effective date of a previously issued standard regarding the accounting for and disclosure of fair value measurements of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in an entity’s financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). As required, the Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2009. This adoption did not impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In December 2007, the FASB issued an amendment to a previously issued standard that establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. This amendment requires retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing noncontrolling interests. All other requirements of this amendment must be applied prospectively. The Company adopted this amendment effective January 1, 2009, and as a result has classified the noncontrolling interest (previously minority interest) as a separate component of equity for all periods presented. Critical Accounting Policies We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In order to apply these principles, management must make judgments, assumptions and estimates based on the best available information at the time. Actual results may differ based on the accuracy of the information utilized and subsequent events. Our accounting policies are described in the notes to our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. Our critical accounting policies, which are described below, could materially affect the amounts recorded in our financial statements. Goodwill To comply with ASC 350, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), we perform a test for goodwill impairment annually or more frequently in the event we determine that a triggering event has occurred. Our annual testing is performed as of November 1. In accordance with ASC 350, we identified our reporting units based upon our two key operating segments. These reporting units are our petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer segments. For 2009, the nitrogen fertilizer segment was the only reporting unit that had goodwill. The nitrogen fertilizer segment is a unique reporting unit that has discrete financial information available that management regularly reviews. Goodwill and other intangible accounting standards provide that goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but instead are tested for impairment on an annual basis. In accordance with these standards, CRLLC completed its annual test for impairment of goodwill as of November 1, 2009 and 2008, respectively. For 2008, the estimated fair values indicated the second step of goodwill impairment analysis was required for the petroleum segment, but not for the nitrogen fertilizer segment. The analysis under the second step showed that the current carrying value of goodwill could not be sustained for the petroleum segment. Accordingly, the Company recorded non-cash goodwill impairment charge of approx- imately $42.8 million related to the petroleum segment in 2008. For 2009, the annual test of impairment indicated that the remaining goodwill attributable to the nitrogen fertilizer segment was not impaired. The impairment test resulted in a calculated fair value substantially in excess of the carrying value. 82 The annual review of impairment was performed by comparing the carrying value of the applicable reporting unit to its estimated fair value. The valuation analysis used both income and market approaches as described below: (cid:129) Income Approach: To determine fair value, we discounted the expected future cash flows for each reporting unit utilizing observable market data to the extent available. The discount rate used was 13.4% representing the estimated weighted-average costs of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk involved in each reporting unit and the rate of return an outside investor would expect to earn. (cid:129) Market-Based Approach: To determine the fair value of each reporting unit, we also utilized a market based approach. We used the guideline company method, which focuses on comparing our risk profile and growth prospects to select reasonably similar publicly traded companies. We assigned an equal weighting of 50% to the result of both the income approach and market based approach based upon the reliability and relevance of the data used in each analysis. This weighting was deemed reasonable as the guideline public companies have a high-level of comparability with the respective reporting units and the projections used in the income approach were prepared using current estimates. Long-Lived Assets We calculate depreciation and amortization on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of depreciable assets. When assets are placed in service, we make estimates of what we believe are their reasonable useful lives. The Company accounts for impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment — Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (“ASC 360”). In accordance with ASC 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets (excluding goodwill, intangible assets with indefinite lives, and deferred tax assets) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future net cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. No impairment charges were recognized for any of the periods presented. Derivative Instruments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments We use futures contracts, options, and forward contracts primarily to reduce exposure to changes in crude oil prices, finished goods product prices and interest rates to provide economic hedges of inventory positions and anticipated interest payments on long-term debt. Although management considers these derivatives economic hedges, our other derivative instruments do not qualify as hedges for hedge accounting purposes under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), and accordingly are recorded at fair value in the balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments are recorded into earnings as a component of other income (expense) in the period of change. The estimated fair values of forward and swap contracts are based on quoted market prices and assumptions for the estimated forward yield curves of related commodities in periods when quoted market prices are unavailable. The Company recorded net gains (losses) from derivative instruments of $(65.3) million, $125.3 million and $(282.0) million in gain (loss) on derivatives, net for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Share-Based Compensation For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we account for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires that compensation costs relating to share-based payment transactions be recognized in a company’s financial statements. ASC 718 applies to transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or 83 services and also may apply to liabilities an entity incurs for goods or services that are based on the fair value of those equity instruments. The Company accounts for awards under its Phantom Unit Plans as liability based awards. In accordance with ASC 718, the expense associated with these awards for 2009 is based on the current fair value of the awards which was derived from a probability-weighted expected return method. The probability-weighted expected return method involves a forward-looking analysis of possible future outcomes, the estimation of ranges of future and present value under each outcome, and the application of a probability factor to each outcome in conjunction with the application of the current value of our common stock price with a Black- Scholes option pricing formula, as remeasured at each reporting date until the awards are settled. Also, in conjunction with the initial public offering in October 2007, the override units of CALLC were modified and split evenly into override units of CALLC and CALLC II. As a result of the modification, the awards were no longer accounted for as employee awards and became subject to the accounting standards issued by the FASB regarding the treatment of share-based compensation granted to employees of an equity method investee, as well as the accounting treatment for equity investments that are issued to individuals other than employees for acquiring or in conjunction with selling goods or services. In accordance with that accounting guidance, the expense associated with the awards is based on the current fair value of the awards which is derived in 2009 and 2008 under the same methodology as the Phantom Unit Plan, as remeasured at each reporting date until the awards vest. Prior to October 2007, the expense associated with the override units was based on the original grant date fair value of the awards. For the year ending December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we increased (reduced) compensation expense by $7.9 million, $(43.3) million and $43.5 million, respectively, as a result of the phantom and override unit share-based compensation awards. Assuming the fair value of our share-based awards changed by $1.00, our compensation expense would increase or decrease by approximately $1.7 million. Income Taxes We provide for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. We record deferred tax assets and liabilities to account for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements and our tax returns. We routinely assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets and if we conclude that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, the deferred tax asset would be reduced by a valuation allowance. We consider future taxable income in making such assessments which requires numerous judgments and assumptions. We record contingent income tax liabilities, interest and penalties, based on our estimate as to whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes may be due. Item 6A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk The risk inherent in our market risk sensitive instruments and positions is the potential loss from adverse changes in commodity prices and interest rates. None of our market risk sensitive instruments are held for trading. Commodity Price Risk Our petroleum business, as a manufacturer of refined petroleum products, and the nitrogen fertilizer business, as a manufacturer of nitrogen fertilizer products, all of which are commodities, have exposure to market pricing for products sold in the future. In order to realize value from our processing capacity, a positive spread between the cost of raw materials and the value of finished products must be achieved (i.e., gross margin or crack spread). The physical commodities that comprise our raw materials and finished goods are typically bought and sold at a spot or index price that can be highly variable. We use a crude oil purchasing intermediary which allows us to take title to and price our crude oil at locations in close proximity to the refinery, as opposed to the crude oil origination point, reducing our risk associated with volatile commodity prices by shortening the commodity conversion cycle time. The commodity 84 conversion cycle time refers to the time elapsed between raw material acquisition and the sale of finished goods. In addition, we seek to reduce the variability of commodity price exposure by engaging in hedging strategies and transactions that will serve to protect gross margins as forecasted in the annual operating plan. Accordingly, we use commodity derivative contracts to economically hedge future cash flows (i.e., gross margin or crack spreads) and product inventories. With regard to our hedging activities, we may enter into, or have entered into, derivative instruments which serve to: (cid:129) lock in or fix a percentage of the anticipated or planned gross margin in future periods when the derivative market offers commodity spreads that generate positive cash flows; (cid:129) hedge the value of inventories in excess of minimum required inventories; and (cid:129) manage existing derivative positions related to change in anticipated operations and market conditions. Further, we intend to engage only in risk mitigating activities directly related to our businesses. Basis Risk. The effectiveness of our derivative strategies is dependent upon the correlation of the price index utilized for the hedging activity and the cash or spot price of the physical commodity for which price risk is being mitigated. Basis risk is a term we use to define that relationship. Basis risk can exist due to several factors including time or location differences between the derivative instrument and the underlying physical commodity. Our selection of the appropriate index to utilize in a hedging strategy is a prime consideration in our basis risk exposure. Examples of our basis risk exposure are as follows: (cid:129) Time Basis — In entering over-the-counter swap agreements, the settlement price of the swap is typically the average price of the underlying commodity for a designated calendar period. This settlement price is based on the assumption that the underlying physical commodity will price ratably over the swap period. If the commodity does not move ratably over the periods than weighted-average physical prices will be weighted differently than the swap price as the result of timing. (cid:129) Location Basis — In hedging NYMEX crack spreads, we experience location basis as the settlement of NYMEX refined products (related more to New York Harbor cash markets) which may be different than the prices of refined products in our Group 3 pricing area. Price and Basis Risk Management Activities. In the event our inventories exceed our target base level of inventories, we may enter into commodity derivative contracts to manage our price exposure to our inventory positions that are in excess of our base level. Excess inventories are typically the result of plant operations such as a turnaround or other plant maintenance. The commodity derivative contracts are either exchange-traded contracts in the form of futures contracts or over-the-counter contracts in the form of commodity price swaps. To reduce the basis risk between the price of products for Group 3 and that of the NYMEX associated with selling forward derivative contracts for NYMEX crack spreads, we may enter into basis swap positions to lock the price difference. If the difference between the price of products on the NYMEX and Group 3 (or some other price benchmark as we may deem appropriate) is different than the value contracted in the swap, then we will receive from or owe to the counterparty the difference on each unit of product contracted in the swap, thereby completing the locking of our margin. An example of our use of a basis swap is in the winter heating oil season. The risk associated with not hedging the basis when using NYMEX forward contracts to fix future margins is if the crack spread increases based on prices traded on NYMEX while Group 3 pricing remains flat or decreases then we would be in a position to lose money on the derivative position while not earning an offsetting additional margin on the physical position based on the Group 3 pricing. On December 31, 2009, we had the following open commodity derivative contracts whose unrealized gains and losses are included in gain (loss) on derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations: (cid:129) From time to time, our petroleum segment also holds various NYMEX positions through a third-party clearing house. At December 31, 2009, we were short 525 WTI crude oil contracts and short 20 unleaded gasoline contracts. At December 31, 2009, our account balance maintained at the third-party 85 clearing house totaled approximately $7.7 million, of which $2.7 million is reflected on the Consoli- dated Balance Sheets in cash and cash equivalents and $5.0 million is reflected in other current assets. Our NYMEX positions were in an unrealized loss position of approximately $1.8 million as of December 31, 2009. This unrealized loss is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2009 and in other current liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2009. NYMEX transactions conducted throughout 2009 resulted in realized losses of approximately $6.6 million. Interest Rate Risk As of December 31, 2009, all of our $479.5 million of outstanding term debt was at floating rates. Although borrowings under our revolving credit facility are at floating rates based on the prime rate or LIBOR, as of December 31, 2009, we had no outstanding revolving debt. An increase of 1.0% in our applicable interest rate charged under our credit facility would result in an increase in our interest expense of approximately $4.8 million per year. In an effort to mitigate the interest rate risk highlighted above and as required under our then-existing first and second lien credit agreements, we entered into several interest rate swap agreements in 2005 (collectively, the “Interest Rate Swap”). These swap agreements were entered into with counterparties that we believe to be creditworthy. Under the swap agreements, we pay fixed rates and receive floating rates based on the three-month LIBOR rates, with payments calculated on the notional amounts set forth in the table below. The interest rate swaps are settled quarterly and marked to market at each reporting date. Notional Amount Effective Date Termination Date Fixed Rate $180.0 million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 31, 2009 March 30, 2010 June 29, 2010 $110.0 million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 31, 2010 4.195% 4.195% We have determined that the Interest Rate Swap does not qualify as a hedge for hedge accounting purposes. Therefore, changes in the fair value of these interest rate swaps are included in income in the period of change. Net realized and unrealized gains or losses are reflected in the gain (loss) for derivative activities at the end of each period. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 we had approximately $(1.6) million, ($7.5 million) and ($4.8 million) of net realized and unrealized losses on the Interest-Rate Swap, respectively. 86 Item 7. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Audited Financial Statements: Page Number Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm — Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm — Internal Control Over Financial Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2009 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity/Members’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 . . . . Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 89 90 91 92 94 95 87 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Stockholders CVR Energy, Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CVR Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity/members’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of CVR Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 12, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ KPMG LLP KPMG LLP Kansas City, Missouri March 12, 2010 88 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Stockholders CVR Energy, Inc.: We have audited CVR Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company’s) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s manage- ment is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting under Item 8A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of CVR Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity/members’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, and our report dated March 12, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. /s/ KPMG LLP KPMG LLP Kansas City, Missouri March 12, 2010 89 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 2009 2008 (in thousands, except share data) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,772 and $4,128, respectively . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receivable from swap counterparty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurance receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred financing costs, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receivable from swap counterparty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurance receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 36,905 — 45,729 274,838 26,141 — — 20,858 21,505 425,976 1,137,910 377 40,969 3,485 — 1,000 4,777 $1,614,494 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Current liabilities: Current portion of long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note payable and capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payable to swap counterparty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personnel accruals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued taxes other than income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Long-term liabilities: Long-term debt, net of current portion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued environmental liabilities, net of current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,777 11,774 — 106,471 14,916 15,904 10,289 26,493 190,624 474,726 2,828 278,008 3,893 759,455 $ 8,923 34,560 33,316 148,424 37,583 32,630 11,756 40,854 25,365 373,411 1,178,965 410 40,969 3,883 5,632 1,000 6,213 $1,610,483 $ 4,825 11,543 62,375 105,861 10,350 13,841 5,748 30,366 244,909 479,503 4,240 289,150 2,614 775,507 Commitments and contingencies Equity: CVR stockholders’ equity: Common stock $0.01 par value per share, 350,000,000 shares authorized, 86,344,508 and 86,243,745 shares issued, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional paid-in-capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasury stock, 15,271 and 0 shares, respectively at cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total CVR stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total liabilities and equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 446,263 206,789 (100) 653,815 10,600 664,415 $1,614,494 862 441,170 137,435 — 579,467 10,600 590,067 $1,610,483 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 90 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Net sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,136,329 Operating costs and expenses: 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in thousands, except share data) $ 5,016,103 2007 $ 2,966,864 Cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,547,695 4,461,808 2,308,740 Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226,043 237,469 276,137 Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net costs associated with flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,918 614 84,873 — 35,239 7,863 82,177 42,806 93,122 41,523 60,779 — Total operating costs and expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,928,143 4,867,362 2,780,301 Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208,186 148,741 186,563 Other income (expense): Interest expense and other financing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain (loss) on derivatives, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on extinguishment of debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (expense), net (44,237) 1,717 (65,286) (2,101) 310 Total other income (expense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (109,597) Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,589 29,235 — Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 69,354 Basic earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Diluted earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0.80 0.80 Weighted-average common shares outstanding: (40,313) 2,695 125,346 (9,978) 1,355 79,105 227,846 63,911 — (61,126) 1,100 (281,978) (1,258) 356 (342,906) (156,343) (88,515) 210 $ $ $ 163,935 $ (67,618) 1.90 1.90 Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,248,205 86,342,433 86,145,543 86,224,209 Unaudited Pro Forma Information (Note 12): Basic earnings (loss) per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted earnings (loss) per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average common shares outstanding: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ (0.78) (0.78) 86,141,291 86,141,291 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 91 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY/MEMBERS’ EQUITY Balance at December 31, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to fair value for management common units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net loss allocated to management common units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change from partnership to corporate reporting structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Units Management Voting Common Units Subject to Redemption Total Dollars Dollars (in thousands, except unit/share data) $ 6,981 $ 6,981 201,063 2,037 2,037 — (362) (362) — (8,656) (8,656) (201,063) Balance at December 31, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ — $ — Voting Common Units Dollars Units Management Nonvoting Override Operating Units Units Management Nonvoting Override Value Units Dollars Units (in thousands, except unit/share data) Dollars Total Members’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity 22,614,937 $ 73,593 992,122 $ 1,763 1,984,231 $ 1,090 $ 76,446 $ 4,326 $ 80,772 Balance at December 31, 2006 . . Recognition of share-based compensation expense related to override units . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to fair value for — — — 1,017 management common units . . . — (2,037) Noncontrolling interest share of net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to fair value for — — noncontrolling interest . . . . . . — (1,053) Reversal of noncontrolling interest including fair value adjustments upon redemption of the noncontrolling interest . . Net loss allocated to common units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change from partnership to — 1,053 — (40,756) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 701 1,718 — (2,037) — — 1,718 (2,037) — — (210) (210) — (1,053) 1,053 — — 1,053 (5,169) (4,116) — (40,756) — — (40,756) (35,371) corporate reporting structure . . (22,614,937) (30,800) (992,122) (2,780) (1,984,231) (1,791) (35,371) Balance at December 31, 2007 . . — $ — — $ — — $ — $ — $ — $ — See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 92 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY/MEMBERS’ EQUITY — (Continued) Common Stock Shares Issued Amount Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings (Deficit) Treasury Stock Total CVR Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity (in thousands, except unit/share data) — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Balance at January 1, 2007 . . . . Change from partnership to corporate reporting structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,866,720 629 43,398 — — 44,027 — 44,027 Issuance of common stock in exchange for noncontrolling interest of related party . . . . Cash dividend declared . . . . . . Sale of general partnership interest in CVR Partners L.P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public offering of common 247,471 — 2 4,700 — (10,600) — — — — 4,702 (10,600) — — 4,702 (10,600) — — — — — — 10,600 10,600 stock, net of stock issuance costs of $39,874,000 . . . . . . 22,917,300 Purchase of common stock by employees through share purchase program . . . . . . . . Share-based compensation . . . . Issuance of common stock to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,700 — 27,100 — Balance at December 31, 2007. . . 86,141,291 — Share-based compensation . . . . Issuance of common stock to directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,620 Vesting of non-vested stock awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,834 — Balance at December 31, 2008. . . 86,243,745 — Share-based compensation . . . . Issuance of common stock to Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,284 Vesting of non-vested stock awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,479 Purchase of 15,271 common shares for treasury . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . — — 229 395,326 — — 395,555 — 395,555 1 — — — $861 1,570 23,399 — — — 566 — (26,500) — — — — 1,571 23,399 566 (26,500) $458,359 $ (26,500) $ — $432,720 (17,789) — (17,789) — — — — — — 1,571 23,399 566 (26,500) $10,600 — $443,320 (17,789) 1 — — 399 — — 400 — 400 201 — — 163,935 — 201 — 163,935 — 201 — 163,935 $862 — $441,170 $137,435 — 4,614 $ — $579,467 4,614 — $10,600 — $590,067 4,614 1 — — — 479 — — — — — 480 — — — 69,354 — (100) — (100) 69,354 — — — — 480 — (100) 69,354 Balance at December 31, 2009. . . 86,344,508 $863 $446,263 $206,789 $(100) $653,815 $10,600 $664,415 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 93 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in thousands) 2007 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: $ 69,354 $ 163,935 $ (67,618) Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for doubtful accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of deferred financing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on disposition of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on extinguishment of debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Share-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Write off of CVR Energy, Inc. debt offering costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Write off of CVR Partners, LP initial public offering costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest Goodwill impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in assets and liabilities: Restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurance receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurance proceeds for flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payable to swap counterparty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued environmental liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,873 644 1,941 41 2,101 7,935 — — — — 34,560 (13,057) (126,414) 12,104 — 11,756 862 5,650 19,996 4,541 (85) (24,113) (1,412) 1,279 (7,282) 85,274 82,177 3,737 1,991 5,795 9,978 (42,523) 1,567 2,539 — 42,806 (34,560) 49,493 97,989 (19,064) (1,681) 74,185 (3,751) (59,392) (9,487) (7,413) (5,319) (326,532) (604) 1,492 55,846 83,204 68,406 15 2,778 1,272 1,258 44,083 — — (210) — — (16,972) (84,980) 4,848 (105,260) 20,000 3,246 59,110 732 4,349 27,027 240,944 (551) 1,122 (57,684) 145,915 Cash flows from investing activities: Capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (48,773) 481 (48,292) (86,458) — (86,458) (268,593) — (268,593) Cash flows from financing activities: Revolving debt payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revolving debt borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal payments on long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payment of capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payment of financing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchase of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred costs of CVR Partners initial public offering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred costs of CVR Energy convertible debt offering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net proceeds from sale of common stock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution of members’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sale of managing general partnership interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash and cash equivalents, end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (87,200) 87,200 — (4,825) (100) (3,975) (100) — — — — — (9,000) 27,982 8,923 $ 36,905 (453,200) 453,200 — (4,874) (940) (8,522) — (2,429) (1,567) — — — (18,332) (21,586) 30,509 8,923 $ (345,800) 345,800 50,000 (335,797) — (2,491) — — — 399,556 (10,600) 10,600 111,268 (11,410) 41,919 $ 30,509 Supplemental disclosures Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds (received) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash paid for interest net of capitalized interest of $2,020, $2,370 and $12,049 for the years $ 16,521 $ 17,551 $ (31,563) ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 40,537 $ 43,802 $ 44,837 Non-cash investing and financing activities: Step-up in basis in property for exchange of common stock for noncontrolling interest, net of deferred taxes of $388,518 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrual of construction in progress additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets acquired through capital lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ $ $ (5,040) $ $ (16,972) 4,827 — $ — $ 586 $ (15,268) — $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 94 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (1) Organization and History of the Company Organization The “Company” or “CVR” may be used to refer to CVR Energy, Inc. and, unless the context otherwise requires, its subsidiaries. Any references to the “Company” as of a date prior to October 16, 2007 (the date of the restructuring as further discussed in this Note) and subsequent to June 24, 2005 are to Coffeyville Acquisition LLC (“CALLC”) and its subsidiaries. The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, acts as an independent petroleum refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels in the mid-continental United States. In addition, the Company, through its majority-owned subsidiaries, acts as an independent producer and marketer of upgraded nitrogen fertilizer products in North America. The Company’s operations include two business segments: the petroleum segment and the nitrogen fertilizer segment. CALLC formed CVR Energy, Inc. as a wholly-owned subsidiary, incorporated in Delaware in September 2006, in order to effect an initial public offering. The initial public offering of CVR was consummated on October 26, 2007. In conjunction with the initial public offering, a restructuring occurred in which CVR became a direct or indirect owner of all of the subsidiaries of CALLC. Additionally, in connection with the initial public offering, CALLC was split into two entities: CALLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC (“CALLC II”). CVR is a controlled company under the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange where its shares are traded under the symbol “CVI.” As of December 31, 2008, approximately 73% of its outstanding shares were beneficially owned by GS Capital Partners V, L.P. and related entities (“GS” or “Goldman Sachs Funds”) and Kelso Investment Associates VII, L.P. and related entities (“Kelso” or “Kelso Funds”). In November 2009, CALLC II consummated a sale of common shares through a registered underwritten public offering which reduced its interest and the beneficial ownership of GS in CVR by approximately 8.5% of all common shares outstanding. At December 31, 2009, the Goldman Sachs Funds and Kelso Funds beneficially owned approximately 64% of all common shares outstanding. Initial Public Offering of CVR Energy, Inc. On October 26, 2007, CVR Energy, Inc. completed an initial public offering of 23,000,000 shares of its common stock. The initial public offering price was $19.00 per share. The net proceeds to CVR from the initial public offering were approximately $408,480,000, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, but before deduction of offering expenses. The Company also incurred approximately $11,354,000 of other costs related to the initial public offering. The net proceeds from this offering were used to repay $280,000,000 of term debt under the Coffeyville Resources, LLC (“CRLLC”) credit facility and to repay all indebtedness under CRLLC’s $25,000,000 unsecured facility and $25,000,000 secured facility, including related accrued interest through the date of repayment of approximately $5,939,000. Additionally, $50,000,000 of net proceeds was used to repay outstanding indebtedness under the revolving credit facility under CRLLC’s credit facility. CRLLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. CRLLC maintains the outstanding credit facility for the benefit of the Company, and its subsidiaries serve as the operational entities whereby the day-to-day refining and fertilizer production activities take place. In connection with the initial public offering, CVR became the indirect owner of the subsidiaries of CALLC and CALLC II. This was accomplished by CVR issuing 62,866,720 shares of its common stock to CALLC and CALLC II, its majority stockholders, in conjunction with the mergers of two newly formed direct subsidiaries of CVR into Coffeyville Refining & Marketing Holdings, Inc. (“Refining Holdco”) and Coffeyville Nitrogen Fertilizers, Inc. (“CNF”). Concurrent with the merger of the subsidiaries and in accordance with a previously executed agreement, the Company’s chief executive officer received 95 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) 247,471 shares of CVR common stock in exchange for shares that he owned of Refining Holdco and CNF. The shares were fully vested and were exchanged at fair market value. The Company also issued 27,100 shares of common stock to its employees on October 24, 2007 in connection with the initial public offering. The compensation expense recorded in the fourth quarter of 2007 was $566,000 related to shares issued. Immediately following the completion of the offering, there were 86,141,291 shares of common stock outstanding. Nitrogen Fertilizer Limited Partnership In conjunction with the consummation of CVR’s initial public offering in 2007, CVR transferred Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (“CRNF”), its nitrogen fertilizer business, to a then newly created limited partnership, CVR Partners, LP (“Partnership”) in exchange for a managing general partner interest (“managing GP interest”), a special general partner interest (“special GP interest”, represented by special GP units) and a de minimis limited partner interest (“LP interest”, represented by special LP units). This transfer was not considered a business combination as it was a transfer of assets among entities under common control and, accordingly, balances were transferred at their historical cost. CVR concurrently sold the managing GP interest to Coffeyville Acquisition III LLC (“CALLC III”), an entity owned by its controlling stockholders and senior management, at fair market value. The board of directors of CVR determined, after consultation with management, that the fair market value of the managing general partner interest was $10,600,000. This interest has been classified as a noncontrolling interest included as a separate component of equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2009 and 2008. CVR owns all of the interests in the Partnership (other than the managing general partner interest and the associated incentive distribution rights (“IDRs”)) and is entitled to all cash distributed by the Partnership, except with respect to IDRs. The managing general partner is not entitled to participate in Partnership distributions except with respect to its IDRs, which entitle the managing general partner to receive increasing percentages (up to 48%) of the cash the Partnership distributes in excess of $0.4313 per unit in a quarter. However, the Partnership is not permitted to make any distributions with respect to the IDRs until the aggregate Adjusted Operating Surplus, as defined in the Partnership’s amended and restated partnership agreement, generated by the Partnership through December 31, 2009 has been distributed in respect of the units held by CVR and any common units issued by the Partnership if it elects to pursue an initial public offering. In addition, the Partnership and its subsidiaries are currently guarantors under CRLLC’s credit facility. There will be no distributions paid with respect to the IDRs for so long as the Partnership or its subsidiaries are guarantors under the credit facility. The Partnership is operated by CVR’s senior management pursuant to a services agreement among CVR, the managing general partner, and the Partnership. The Partnership is managed by the managing general partner and, to the extent described below, CVR, as special general partner. As special general partner of the Partnership, CVR has joint management rights regarding the appointment, termination, and compensation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the managing general partner, has the right to designate two members of the board of directors of the managing general partner, and has joint management rights regarding specified major business decisions relating to the Partnership. CVR, the Partnership, and the managing general partner also entered into a number of agreements to regulate certain business relations between the partners. At December 31, 2009, the Partnership had 30,333 special LP units outstanding, representing 0.1% of the total Partnership units outstanding, and 30,303,000 special GP interests outstanding, representing 99.9% of the total Partnership units outstanding. In addition, the managing general partner owned the managing general partner interest and the IDRs. The managing general partner contributed 1% of CRNF’s interest to the Partnership in exchange for its managing general partner interest and the IDRs. 96 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) In accordance with the Contribution, Conveyance, and Assumption Agreement by and between the Partnership and the partners, dated as of October 24, 2007, since an initial private or public offering of the Partnership was not consummated by October 24, 2009, the managing general partner of the Partnership can require the Company to purchase the managing GP interest. This put right expires on the earlier of (1) October 24, 2012 or (2) the closing of the Partnership’s initial private or public offering. If the Partnership’s initial private or public offering is not consummated by October 24, 2012, the Company has the right to require the managing general partner to sell the managing GP interest to the Company. This call right expires on the closing of the Partnership’s initial private or public offering. In the event of an exercise of a put right or a call right, the purchase price will be the fair market value of the managing GP interest at the time of the purchase determined by an independent investment banking firm selected by the Company and the managing general partner. As of December 31, 2009, the Partnership had distributed $50,000,000 to CVR. This distribution occurred in 2008. (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The accompanying CVR consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CVR Energy, Inc. and its majority-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The ownership interests of noncontrolling investors in its subsidiaries are recorded as noncontrolling interest. Noncontrolling Interest Effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted new accounting guidance on noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements, which are applied retroactively for the presentation and disclosure require- ments. As a result of the adoption, the Company reported noncontrolling interest as a separate component of equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity/Members’ Equity and the net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interest is separately identified in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not have any impact on the Company’s previously reported results of operations. Cash and Cash Equivalents For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, CVR considers all highly liquid money market accounts and debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Restricted Cash At December 31, 2008, CVR had $34,560,000 in restricted cash. In connection with the cash flow swap deferral agreement dated October 11, 2008, the Company was required to use these funds to be applied to the outstanding deferral obligations owed to the swap counterparty. In the first quarter of 2009, the Company applied these funds and additional funds on hand to repay the entire remaining cash flow swap deferral obligation. Accounts Receivable, net CVR grants credit to its customers. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer’s financial condition; generally, collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are due on negotiated terms and are stated at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts outstanding longer than 97 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) their contractual payment terms are considered past due. CVR determines its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering a number of factors, including the length of time trade accounts are past due, the customer’s ability to pay its obligations to CVR, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. CVR writes off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Amounts collected on accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. At December 31, 2009, two customers individually represented greater than 10% and collectively represented 35% of the total accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2008, there were no customers that represented individually more than 10% of CVR’s total receivable balance. The largest concentration of credit for any one customer at December 31, 2009 and 2008 was approximately 19% and 9%, respectively, of the accounts receivable balance. Inventories Inventories consist primarily of crude oil, blending stock and components, work in progress, fertilizer products, and refined fuels and by-products. Inventories are valued at the lower of the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) cost, or market for fertilizer products, refined fuels and by-products for all periods presented. Refinery unfinished and finished products inventory values were determined using the ability-to-bear process, whereby raw materials and production costs are allocated to work-in-process and finished products based on their relative fair values. Other inventories, including other raw materials, spare parts, and supplies, are valued at the lower of moving-average cost, which approximates FIFO, or market. The cost of inventories includes inbound freight costs. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of prepayments for crude oil deliveries to the refinery for which title had not transferred, non-trade accounts receivables, current portions of prepaid insurance and deferred financing costs, and other general current assets. Property, Plant, and Equipment Additions to property, plant and equipment, including capitalized interest and certain costs allocable to construction and property purchases, are recorded at cost. Capitalized interest is added to any capital project over $1,000,000 in cost which is expected to take more than six months to complete. Depreciation is computed using principally the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of depreciable assets. The lives used in computing depreciation for such assets are as follows: Asset Range of Useful Lives, in Years Improvements to land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automotive equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and fixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 20 20 to 30 5 to 30 5 3 to 7 Our leasehold improvements and assets held under capital leases are depreciated or amortized on the straight-line method over the shorter of the contractual lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Assets under capital leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repair costs are expensed when incurred. Such expenses are reported in direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. 98 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed. Intangible assets are assets that lack physical substance (excluding financial assets). Goodwill acquired in a business combination and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, and intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized. Goodwill and intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. CVR uses November 1 of each year as its annual valuation date for the impairment test. The annual review of impairment is performed by comparing the carrying value of the applicable reporting unit to its estimated fair value. The estimated fair value is derived using a combination of the discounted cash flow analysis and market approach. CVR’s reporting units are defined as operating segments due to each operating segment containing only one component. During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $42,806,000 associated with the entire goodwill of the petroleum segment. The Company performed its annual impairment review of goodwill, which is attributable entirely to the nitrogen fertilizer segment beginning in 2009, and concluded there was no impairment in 2009. There also was no impairment charge in 2007. See Note 6 (“Goodwill and Intangible Assets”) for further discussion. Deferred Financing Costs Deferred financing costs related to the term debt are amortized to interest expense and other financing costs using the effective-interest method over the life of the term debt. Deferred financing costs related to the revolving credit facility and the funded letter of credit facility are amortized to interest expense and other financing costs using the straight-line method through the termination date of each facility. See Note 11 (“Long-Term Debt”) for a discussion of the termination of the Company’s funded letter of credit facility. See, also, Note 7 (“Deferred Financing Costs”) for a discussion of the write-off of unamortized deferred costs related to the terminated funded letter of credit facility. Planned Major Maintenance Costs The direct-expense method of accounting is used for planned major maintenance activities. Maintenance costs are recognized as expense when maintenance services are performed. During 2009 there were no planned major maintenance activities. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Coffeyville nitrogen fertilizer plant completed a major scheduled turnaround. Costs of approximately $3,343,000 associated with the turnaround were included in direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Coffeyville refinery completed a major scheduled turnaround in 2007. Costs of approximately $76,393,000 associated with the 2007 turnaround were included in direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the year ended December 31, 2007. Planned major maintenance activities for the nitrogen plant generally occur every two years. The required frequency of the maintenance varies by unit, for the refinery, but generally is every four years. Cost Classifications Cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) includes cost of crude oil, other feedstocks, blendstocks, pet coke expense and freight and distribution expenses. Cost of product sold excludes depreciation and amortization of approximately $2,895,000, $2,464,000 and $2,390,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) includes direct costs of labor, maintenance and services, energy and utility costs, environmental compliance costs as well as chemicals and catalysts and other direct operating expenses. Direct operating expenses exclude depreciation and amortization 99 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) of approximately $79,946,000, $78,040,000 and $57,367,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Direct operating expenses also exclude depreciation of $7,627,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007 that is included in “Net Costs Associated with Flood” on the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a result of the assets being idle due to the June/July 2007 flood. Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) consist primarily of legal expenses, treasury, accounting, marketing, human resources and maintaining the corporate offices in Texas and Kansas. Selling, general and administrative expenses exclude depreciation and amortization of approximately $2,032,000, $1,673,000 and $1,022,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Income Taxes CVR accounts for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability approach. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred amounts are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. See Note 10 (“Income Taxes”) for further discussions. Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities In accordance with accounting standards issued by FASB regarding the consolidation of variable interest entities, management has reviewed the terms associated with its interests in the Partnership based upon the partnership agreement. Management has determined that the Partnership is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and as such has evaluated the criteria under the standard to determine that CVR is the primary beneficiary of the Partnership. The standard requires the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity’s activities to consolidate the VIE. The standard defines a variable interest entity as an entity in which the equity investors do not have substantive voting rights and where there is not sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. As the primary beneficiary, CVR absorbs the majority of the expected losses and/or receives a majority of the expected residual returns of the VIE’s activities. The conclusion that CVR is the primary beneficiary of the Partnership and required to consolidate the Partnership as a VIE is based upon the fact that substantially all of the expected losses are absorbed by the special general partner, which CVR owns. Additionally, substantially all of the equity investment at risk was contributed on behalf of the special general partner, with nominal amounts contributed by the managing general partner. The special general partner is also expected to receive the majority, if not substantially all, of the expected returns of the Partnership through the Partnership’s cash distribution provisions. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets CVR accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with accounting standards issued by the FASB regarding the treatment of the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. As required by this standard, CVR reviews long-lived assets (excluding goodwill, intangible assets with indefinite lives, and deferred tax assets) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future net cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value. 100 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. No impairment charges were recognized for any of the periods presented. Revenue Recognition Revenues for products sold are recorded upon delivery of the products to customers, which is the point at which title is transferred, the customer has the assumed risk of loss, and when payment has been received or collection is reasonably assumed. Deferred revenue represents customer prepayments under contracts to guarantee a price and supply of nitrogen fertilizer in quantities expected to be delivered in the next 12 months in the normal course of business. Excise and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenues. Shipping Costs Pass-through finished goods delivery costs reimbursed by customers are reported in net sales, while an offsetting expense is included in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Derivative Instruments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments CVR uses futures contracts, options, and forward swap contracts primarily to reduce the exposure to changes in crude oil prices, finished goods product prices and interest rates and to provide economic hedges of inventory positions. These derivative instruments have not been designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Accordingly, these instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value, and each period’s gain or loss is recorded as a component of gain (loss) on derivatives in accordance with standards issued by the FASB regarding the accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are carried at cost, which approximates fair value, as a result of the short-term nature of the instruments. The carrying value of long-term and revolving debt, if any, approximates fair value as a result of the floating interest rates assigned to those financial instruments. Share-Based Compensation CVR, CALLC, CALLC II and CALLC III account for share-based compensation in accordance with standards issued by the FASB regarding the treatment of share-based compensation as well as guidance regarding the accounting for share-based compensation granted to employees of an equity method investee. CVR has been allocated non-cash share-based compensation expense from CALLC, CALLC II and CALLC III. In accordance with these standards, CVR, CALLC, CALLC II and CALLC III apply a fair-value based measurement method in accounting for share-based compensation. In addition, CVR recognizes the costs of the share-based compensation incurred by CALLC, CALLC II and CALLC III on its behalf, primarily in selling, general, and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), and a corresponding capital contribution, as the costs are incurred on its behalf, following guidance issued by the FASB regarding the accounting for equity instruments that are issued to other than employees for acquiring, or in conjunction with selling goods or services, which requires remeasurement at each reporting period through the performance commitment period, or in CVR’s case, through the vesting period. Non-vested shares, when granted, are valued at the closing market price of CVR’s common stock on the date of issuance and amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the stock. The fair value of the stock options is estimated on the date of grant using the Black — Scholes option pricing model. 101 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Treasury Stock The Company accounts for its treasury stock under the cost method. To date, all treasury stock purchased was for the purpose of satisfying minimum statutory tax withholdings due at the vesting of non-vested stock awards. Environmental Matters Liabilities related to future remediation costs of past environmental contamination of properties are recognized when the related costs are considered probable and can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of these costs are based upon currently available facts, internal and third-party assessments of contamination, available remediation technology, site-specific costs, and currently enacted laws and regulations. In reporting environ- mental liabilities, no offset is made for potential recoveries. Loss contingency accruals, including those for environmental remediation, are subject to revision as further information develops or circumstances change and such accruals can take into account the legal liability of other parties. Environmental expenditures are capitalized at the time of the expenditure when such costs provide future economic benefits. Use of Estimates The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, using management’s best estimates and judgments where appropriate. These estimates and judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and judgments. Subsequent Events The Company evaluated subsequent events, if any, that would require an adjustment to the Company’s consolidated financial statements or require disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements through the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements. New Accounting Pronouncements In June 2009, the FASB issued The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (the “Codification”). The Codification reorganized existing U.S. accounting and reporting standards issued by the FASB and other related private sector standard setters into a single source of authoritative accounting principles arranged by topic. The Codification supersedes all existing U.S. accounting standards; all other accounting literature not included in the Codification (other than SEC guidance for publicly-traded companies) is considered non-authoritative. The Codification was effective on a prospective basis for interim and annual reporting periods ending after September 15, 2009. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of July 1, 2009. The adoption of the Codification changed the Company’s references to U.S. GAAP accounting standards but did not impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In June 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to a previously issued standard regarding consolidation of variable interest entities. This amendment is intended to improve financial reporting by enterprises involved with variable interest entities. The provisions of the amendment are effective as of the beginning of the entity’s first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, for interim periods within that first annual reporting period, and for interim and annual reporting periods thereafter. The Company does not believe that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. 102 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) In May 2009, the FASB issued general standards of accounting for, and disclosure of, events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or available to be issued. This standard became effective June 15, 2009 and is to be applied to all interim and annual financial periods ending thereafter. It requires the disclosure of the date through which the Company has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date — that is, whether that date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2009. As a result of this adoption, the Company provided additional disclosures regarding the evaluation of subsequent events. There is no impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Company as a result of this adoption. In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance for determining the fair value of an asset or liability when there has been a significant decrease in market activity. In addition, this standard requires additional disclosures regarding the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value and a discussion of changes in valuation techniques and related inputs, if any, during annual or interim periods. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2009. Based upon the Company’s assets and liabilities currently subject to the provisions of this standard, there is no impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or disclosures as a result of this adoption. In June 2008, the FASB issued guidance to assist companies when determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities, which became effective January 1, 2009 and is to be applied retrospectively. Under this guidance, unvested share-based payment awards, which receive non-forfeitable dividend rights or dividend equivalents, are considered participating securities and are now required to be included in computing earnings per share under the two class method. As required, the Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2009. Based upon the nature of the Company’s share-based payment awards, it has been determined that these awards are not participating securities and, therefore, the standard currently has no impact on the Company’s earnings per share calculations. In March 2008, the FASB issued an amendment to the previously issued standard regarding the accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. This amendment changes the disclosure require- ments for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for and how derivative instruments and related hedge items affect an entity’s financial position, net earnings, and cash flows. As required, the Company adopted this amendment as of January 1, 2009. As a result of the adoption, the Company provided additional disclosures regarding its derivative instruments in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. There is no impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Company as a result of this adoption. In February 2008, the FASB issued guidance which defers the effective date of a previously issued standard regarding the accounting for and disclosure of fair value measurements of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in an entity’s financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). As required, the Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2009. This adoption did not impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In December 2007, the FASB issued an amendment to a previously issued standard that establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. This amendment requires retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing noncontrolling interests. All other requirements of this amendment must be applied prospectively. The Company adopted this amendment effective January 1, 2009, and as a result has classified the noncontrolling interest (previously minority interest) as a separate component of equity for all periods presented. 103 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (3) Share-Based Compensation Prior to CVR’s initial public offering, CVR’s subsidiaries were held and operated by CALLC, a limited liability company. Management of CVR holds an equity interest in CALLC. CALLC issued non-voting override units to certain management members who held common units of CALLC. There were no required capital contributions for the override operating units. In connection with CVR’s initial public offering in October 2007, CALLC was split into two entities: CALLC and CALLC II. In connection with this split, management’s equity interest in CALLC, including both their common units and non-voting override units, was split so that half of management’s equity interest was in CALLC and half was in CALLC II. CALLC was historically the primary reporting company and CVR’s predecessor. In addition, in connection with the transfer of the managing general partner of the Partnership to CALLC III in October 2007, CALLC III issued non- voting override units to certain management members of CALLC III. At December 31, 2009, the value of the override units of CALLC and CALLC II was derived from a probability-weighted expected return method. The probability-weighted expected return method involves a forward-looking analysis of possible future outcomes, the estimation of ranges of future and present value under each outcome, and the application of a probability factor to each outcome in conjunction with the application of the current value of the Company’s common stock price with a Black-Scholes option pricing formula, as remeasured at each reporting date until the awards are vested. The estimated fair value of the override units of CALLC III has been determined using a probability- weighted expected return method which utilizes CALLC III’s cash flow projections, which are representative of the nature of interests held by CALLC III in the Partnership. On November 12, 2009, CALLC II sold 7,376,264 shares of common stock into the public market as a result of a secondary public offering. The resale of shares by CALLC II was made possible by the filing of a shelf registration on February 12, 2009 whereby CALLC and CALLC II registered 7,376,265 and 7,376,264 shares, respectively. Resultant from the sale of shares by CALLC II, the per unit value of override and phantom units held by CALLC II have an adjusted value from those units held by CALLC. As such, the per unit estimated fair values included in the valuation assumptions below for 2009 represent a weighted- average estimated fair value (per unit). The following table provides key information for the share-based compensation plans related to the override units of CALLC, CALLC II, and CALLC III. Compensation expense amounts are disclosed in thousands. Award Type Benchmark Value (per Unit) Original Awards Issued *Compensation Expense Increase (Decrease) for the Year Ended December 31, Grant Date 2009 2008 2007 Override Operating Units(a) . . . . Override Operating Units(b) . . . . Override Value Units(c) . . . . . . . Override Value Units(d) . . . . . . . Override Units(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . Override Units(f) . . . . . . . . . . . . $11.31 $34.72 $11.31 $34.72 $10.00 $10.00 919,630 72,492 1,839,265 144,966 138,281 642,219 June 2005 December 2006 June 2005 December 2006 October 2007 February 2008 $1,369 36 2,690 37 — 26 $ (5,979) (430) (11,063) (493) (2) 5 $10,675 877 12,788 718 2 — Total $4,158 $(17,962) $25,060 * As CVR’s common stock price increases or decreases, compensation expense increases or is reversed in cor- relation with the calculation of the fair value under the probability-weighted expected return method. 104 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Valuation Assumptions Significant assumptions used in the valuation of the Override Operating Units (a) and (b) were as follows: (a) Override Operating Units December 31, (b) Override Operating Units December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2009 2008 2007 Estimated forfeiture rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None CVR closing stock price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6.86 Estimated fair value (per unit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $11.95 Marketability and minority interest discounts . . . . Volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None $ 4.00 $ 8.25 None $24.94 $51.84 None $ 6.86 $ 1.40 None $ 4.00 $ 1.59 None $24.94 $32.65 20% 15% 15% 50.7% 68.8% 35.8% 50.7% 68.8% 20% 15% 15% 35.8% On the tenth anniversary of the issuance of override operating units, such units convert into an equivalent number of override value units. Override operating units are forfeited upon termination of employment for cause. The explicit service period for override operating unit recipients is based on the forfeiture schedule below. In the event of all other terminations of employment, the override operating units are initially subject to forfeiture as follows: Minimum Period Held Forfeiture Percentage 2 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75% 50% 25% 0% Significant assumptions used in the valuation of the Override Value Units (c) and (d) were as follows: (c) Override Value Units December 31, (d) Override Value Units December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2009 2008 2007 Estimated forfeiture rate . . . . . . . . . . . . Derived service period . . . . . . . . . . . . . CVR closing stock price . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Estimated fair value (per unit) . . . . . . . $ Marketability and minority interest None 6 years 6.86 5.63 None 6 years 4.00 3.20 $ $ None 6 years $ 24.94 $ 51.84 None 6 years 6.86 1.39 $ $ None 6 years 4.00 1.59 $ $ None 6 years $ 24.94 $ 32.65 discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20% 50.7% 15% 68.8% 15% 35.8% 20% 50.7% 15% 68.8% 15% 35.8% Unless the compensation committee of the board of directors of CVR takes an action to prevent forfeiture, override value units are forfeited upon termination of employment for any reason, except that in the event of termination of employment by reason of death or disability, all override value units are initially subject to forfeiture as follows: Minimum Period Held Forfeiture Percentage 2 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75% 50% 25% 0% 105 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (e) Override Units — Using a binomial and a probability-weighted expected return method which utilized CALLC III’s cash flows projections and included expected future earnings and the anticipated timing of IDRs, the estimated grant date fair value of the override units was approximately $3,000. As a non-contributing investor, CVR also recognized income equal to the amount that its interest in the investee’s net book value has increased (that is its percentage share of the contributed capital recognized by the investee) as a result of the disproportionate funding of the compensation cost. As of December 31, 2009 these units were fully vested. Significant assumptions used in the valuation were as follows: Estimated forfeiture rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None Grant date valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0.02 per unit Marketability and minority interest discount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15% discount Volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7% (f) Override Units — Using a probability-weighted expected return method which utilized CALLC III’s cash flows projections and included expected future earnings and the anticipated timing of IDRs, the estimated grant date fair value of the override units was approximately $3,000. As a non-contributing investor, CVR also recognized income equal to the amount that its interest in the investee’s net book value has increased (that is its percentage share of the contributed capital recognized by the investee) as a result of the disproportionate funding of the compensation cost. Of the 642,219 units issued, 109,720 were immediately vested upon issuance and the remaining units are subject to a forfeiture schedule. Significant assumptions used in the valuation were as follows: December 31, 2009 2008 Estimated forfeiture rate . . . . . . . . . . None Derived Service Period . . . . . . . . . . . Based on forfeiture schedule Estimated fair value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marketability and minority interest $0.08 per unit 20% discount None Based on forfeiture schedule $0.02 per unit 20% discount discount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7% 64.3% Assuming no change in the estimated fair value at December 31, 2009, there was approximately $2,696,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-voting override units. This is expected to be recognized over a remaining period of approximately two years as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, Override Operating Units Override Value Units 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,000 — 1,677,000 799,000 $220,000 $2,476,000 Phantom Unit Appreciation Plan CVR, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, has two Phantom Unit Appreciation Plans (the “Phantom Unit Plans”) whereby directors, employees, and service providers may be awarded phantom points at the discretion of the board of directors or the compensation committee. Holders of service phantom points have rights to receive distributions when CALLC and CALLC II holders of override operating units receive distributions. Holders of performance phantom points have rights to receive distributions when CALLC and CALLC II holders of override value units receive distributions. There are no other rights or guarantees, and the plans expire on July 25, 2015, or at the discretion of the compensation committee of the board of directors. As of December 31, 2009, the issued Profits Interest (combined phantom points and override units) represented 15% 106 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) of combined common unit interest and Profits Interest of CALLC and CALLC II. The Profits Interest was comprised of approximately 11.1% of override interest and approximately 3.9% of phantom interest. The expense associated with these awards for 2009 is based on the current fair value of the awards which was derived from a probability-weighted expected return method. The probability-weighted expected return method involves a forward-looking analysis of possible future outcomes, the estimation of ranges of future and present value under each outcome, and the application of a probability factor to each outcome in conjunction with the application of the current value of the Company’s common stock price with a Black-Scholes option pricing formula, as remeasured at each reporting date until the awards are settled. Based upon this methodology, as of December 31, 2009, the service phantom interest and performance phantom interest were valued at $11.37 and $5.48 per point, respectively. As of December 31, 2008, the service phantom interest and performance phantom interest were valued at $8.25 and $3.20 per point, respectively. Using the December 31, 2007 CVR Energy closing stock price to determine the CVR Energy equity value, through an independent valuation process, the service phantom interest and performance phantom interest were both value at $51.84 per unit. CVR has recorded approximately $6,723,000 and $3,882,000 in personnel accruals as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2009 related to the Phantom Unit Plans was $3,702,000. Compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 related to the Phantom Unit Plans was reversed by $25,335,000. Compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $18,400,000. Assuming no change in the estimated fair value at December 31, 2009, there was approximately $919,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to the Phantom Unit Plans. This is expected to be recognized over a remaining period of approximately two years. Long-Term Incentive Plan CVR has a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”), which permits the grant of options, stock appreciation rights, non-vested shares, non-vested share units, dividend equivalent rights, share awards and performance awards (including performance share units, performance units and performance-based restricted stock). Individuals who are eligible to receive awards and grants under the LTIP include the Company’s subsidiaries’ employees, officers, consultants, advisors and directors. A summary of the principal features of the LTIP is provided below. Shares Available for Issuance. The LTIP authorizes a share pool of 7,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, 1,000,000 of which may be issued in respect of incentive stock options. Whenever any outstanding award granted under the LTIP expires, is canceled, is settled in cash or is otherwise terminated for any reason without having been exercised or payment having been made in respect of the entire award, the number of shares available for issuance under the LTIP shall be increased by the number of shares previously allocable to the expired, canceled, settled or otherwise terminated portion of the award. As of December 31, 2009, 7,102,644 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the LTIP. 107 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Non-vested shares A summary of the status of CVR’s non-vested shares as of December 31, 2009 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2009 is presented below: Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Shares Non-vested at December 31, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ — $ — Granted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,500 — — 20.88 — — Non-vested at December 31, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,500 $20.88 $ 436 Granted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,620 (102,454) — 4.14 5.09 — Non-vested at December 31, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,660 $ 6.62 $ 315 Granted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202,257 (100,763) (3,100) 6.68 6.86 4.14 Non-vested at December 31, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177,060 $ 6.59 $1,215 As of December 31, 2009, there was approximately $915,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested shares to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately two and one- half years. The aggregate fair value at the grant date of the shares that vested during the year ended December 31, 2009 was $691,000. As of December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, unvested stock outstanding had an aggregate fair value at grant date of $1,167,000, $521,000, and $365,000, respectively. Total compensation expense recorded in 2009, 2008 and 2007 related to the non-vested stock was $818,000, $606,000 and $42,000, respectively. 108 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Stock Options Activity and price information regarding CVR’s stock options granted are summarized as follows: Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term Shares Outstanding, December 31, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ — — Granted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,900 — — — 21.61 — — — Outstanding, December 31, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,900 $21.61 9.89 Granted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,450 — — — 15.52 — — — Outstanding, December 31, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,350 $19.08 9.21 Granted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — — — — — — — Outstanding, December 31, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,350 $19.08 Exercisable at December 31, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,087 20.01 8.21 8.21 There were no grants of stock options in 2009. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $8.97 and $12.47 per share, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2009, was $0, as all of the exercisable options were out-of-the-money. Total compensation expense recorded in 2009, 2008 and 2007 related to the stock options was $118,000, $166,000 and $15,000, respectively. (4) Inventories Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands): Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $123,548 107,840 Raw materials and catalysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,401 In-process inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,049 Parts and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 61,008 45,928 14,376 27,112 $274,838 $148,424 December 31, 2009 2008 109 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (5) Property, Plant, and Equipment A summary of costs for property, plant, and equipment is as follows (in thousands): Land and improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automotive equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and fixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction in progress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 31, 2009 2008 $ 18,016 23,316 1,305,362 8,796 8,095 1,301 77,818 1,442,704 304,794 $ 17,383 22,851 1,288,782 7,825 7,835 1,081 53,927 1,399,684 220,719 $1,137,910 $1,178,965 Capitalized interest recognized as a reduction in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 totaled approximately $2,020,000, $2,370,000 and $12,049,000, respectively. Land and building that are under a capital lease obligation approximated $4,827,000 as of December 31, 2009 and 2008. Amortization of assets held under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. (6) Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill In connection with the 2005 acquisition by CALLC of all outstanding stock owned by Coffeyville Holding Group, LLC, CALLC recorded goodwill of $83,775,000. Goodwill and other intangible assets accounting standards provide that goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives shall not be amortized but shall be tested for impairment on an annual basis. In accordance with these standards, CVR completed its annual test for impairment of goodwill as of November 1, 2009 and 2008, respectively. For 2008, the estimated fair values indicated the second step of goodwill impairment analysis was required for the petroleum segment, but not for the fertilizer segment. The analysis under the second step showed that the current carrying value of goodwill could not be sustained for the petroleum segment. Accordingly, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of approximately $42,806,000 related to the petroleum segment in 2008. For 2009, the annual test of impairment indicated that the remaining goodwill, attributable entirely to the nitrogen fertilizer business, was not impaired. As of December 31, 2009, goodwill included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet totaled $40,969,000. The impairment test resulted in a calculated fair value substantially in excess of the carrying value. The annual review of impairment in 2009 and 2008 was performed by comparing the carrying value of the applicable reporting unit to its estimated fair value. The valuation analysis used in the analysis utilized a 50% weighting of both income and market approaches as described below: (cid:129) Income Approach: To determine fair value, the Company discounted the expected future cash flows for each reporting unit utilizing observable market data to the extent available. The discount rates used was 13.4% representing the estimated weighted-average costs of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk involved in each reporting unit and the rate of return an outside investor would expect to earn. 110 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (cid:129) Market-Based Approach: To determine the fair value of each reporting unit, the Company also utilized a market based approach. The Company used the guideline company method, which focuses on comparing the Company’s risk profile and growth prospects to select reasonably similar publicly traded companies. Other Intangible Assets Contractual agreements with a fair market value of $1,322,000 were acquired in 2005 in connection with the acquisition by CALLC of all outstanding stock owned by Coffeyville Holding Group, LLC. The intangible value of these agreements is amortized over the life of the agreements through June 2025. Amortization expense of $33,000, $64,000 and $165,000 was recorded in depreciation and amortization for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Estimated amortization of the contractual agreements is as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contractual Agreements 33 33 28 27 27 229 377 (7) Deferred Financing Costs On October 2, 2009, CRLLC entered into a third amendment to its outstanding credit facility. In connection with this amendment, the Company paid approximately $3,975,000 of lender and third party costs. This amendment was within the scope of accounting standards relating to the modification of debt instruments by debtors as well as accounting standards related to the accounting for changes in line-of-credit or revolving debt arrangements by debtors. In accordance with these standards, CRLLC recorded an expense of approxi- mately $951,000 primarily associated with third party costs in 2009. The remaining costs incurred of $3,024,000 were deferred and will be amortized as interest expense using the effective-interest method for the term debt and the straight-line method for the revolving credit facility. In connection with the reduction and eventual termination of the funded letter of credit facility on October 15, 2009, the Company recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt of approximately $2,101,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009. The loss on extinguishment is attributable to amounts previously deferred at the time of the original credit facility, as well as amounts deferred at the time of the second and third amendments. On December 22, 2008, CRLLC entered into a second amendment to its outstanding credit facility. In connection with this amendment, the Company paid approximately $8,522,000 of lender and third party costs. This amendment was within the scope of the accounting standards relating to the modification of debt instruments by debtors as well as accounting standards related to the accounting for changes in the line-of-credit or revolving debt arrangements by debtors. In accordance with these standards, the Company recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $4,681,000 associated with the lender fees incurred on the term debt and also recorded an additional loss on a portion of the unamortized loan costs of $5,297,000 previously deferred at the time of the original credit facility, which was entered into on December 28, 2006. Total loss on extinguishment of debt recorded was $9,978,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008. The remaining costs incurred of $3,841,000 were deferred and are amortized as interest expense using the 111 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) effective-interest amortization method for the term debt and the straight-line method for the letter of credit facility and revolving credit facility. Deferred financing costs of $2,088,000 were paid in conjunction with three new credit facilities entered into in August 2007 as a result of the June/July 2007 flood and crude oil discharge. The unamortized amount of these deferred financing costs of $1,258,000 were written off when the related debt was extinguished upon the consummation of the initial public offering and these costs were included in loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2007. Amortization of deferred financing costs reported as interest expense and other financing costs was $831,000 using the effective-interest amortization method. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, amortization of deferred financing costs reported as interest expense and other financing costs totaled approximately $1,941,000, $1,991,000 and $1,947,000, respectively, using the effective-interest amortization method for the term debt and the straight-line method for the letter of credit facility and revolving loan facility. Deferred financing costs consisted of the following (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 Deferred financing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,976 1,941 Less accumulated amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unamortized deferred financing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,035 1,550 $8,045 1,991 6,054 2,171 $3,485 $3,883 Estimated amortization of deferred financing costs is as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred Financing $1,550 1,544 1,534 407 — $5,035 (8) Note Payable and Capital Lease Obligations The Company entered into an insurance premium finance agreement in July 2009 to finance a portion of its 2009/2010 property, liability, cargo and terrorism insurance policies. The original balance of the note provided by the Company under such agreement was $10,000,000. As of December 31, 2009, the Company owed $7,500,000 related to this note. The note is to be repaid in equal monthly installments commencing November 1, 2009, with the final payment due in June 2010. As of December 31, 2008, the Company owed $7,500,000 in connection with the 2008/2009 premium financing agreement originally entered into in July 2008. This note was paid in full in June 2009. The Company also entered into a capital lease for real property used for corporate purposes on May 29, 2008. The lease had an initial lease term of one year with an option to renew for three additional one-year periods. During the second quarter of 2009, the Company renewed the lease for a one-year period commencing June 5, 2009. Quarterly lease payments made in connection with this capital lease total $80,000 annually. The 112 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Company also has the option to purchase the property during the term of the lease, including the renewal periods. In connection with the capital lease, the Company originally recorded a capital asset and capital lease obligation of approximately $4,827,000. The capital lease obligation was $4,274,000 and $4,043,000 as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. (9) Flood On June 30, 2007, torrential rains in southeast Kansas caused the Verdigris River to overflow its banks and flood the town of Coffeyville, Kansas. As a result, the Company’s refinery and nitrogen fertilizer plant were severely flooded, resulting in repairs and maintenance needed for the refinery assets. The nitrogen fertilizer facility also sustained damage, but to a much lesser degree. The Company maintained property damage insurance which included damage caused by a flood subject to deductibles and other limitations. Additionally, crude oil was discharged from the Company’s refinery on July 1, 2007 due to the short amount of time to shut down and save the refinery in preparation of the June/July 2007 flood. The Company maintained insurance policies related to environmental cleanup costs and potential liability to third parties for bodily injury or property damage. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded pre-tax expenses, net of anticipated insurance recoveries of $614,000, $7,863,000 and $41,523,000, respectively, associated with the June/July 2007 flood and associated crude oil discharge. The costs are reported in net costs associated with flood in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of the flood, the Company received total insurance proceeds to-date of $105,941,000. Total accounts receivable from the Company’s insurance policies was $12,756,000 at December 31, 2008. Final insurance proceeds were received under the Company’s property insurance policy and builders’ risk policy during the first quarter of 2009, in the amount of $11,756,000. As such, all property insurance claims and builders’ risk claims were fully settled with all remaining claims closed under these policies only. At December 31, 2009, the remaining receivable from the environmental insurance carriers was not anticipated to be collected in the next twelve months, and therefore has been classified as a non-current asset. See Note 14 (“Commitments and Contingent Liabilities”) for additional information regarding environmental and other contingencies related to the crude oil discharge that occurred on July 1, 2007. (10) Income Taxes Income tax expense (benefit) is comprised of the following (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2009 Current Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $33,651 2,866 $ 8,474 (409) $(26,814) (4,017) Total current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,517 8,065 (30,831) Deferred Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6,613) (669) 57,236 (1,390) (21,434) (36,250) Total deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7,282) 55,846 (57,684) Total income tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29,235 $63,911 $(88,515) 113 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The following is a reconciliation of total income tax expense (benefit) to income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate (35%) to pretax income (loss) (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 Tax computed at federal statutory rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34,506 5,402 State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit (expense) . . . . . . . . (3,205) State tax incentives, net of federal tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3,798) Manufacturing activities deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4,783) Federal tax credit for production of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel . . . 1,457 Non-deductible share-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Non-deductible goodwill impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (344) Other, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 79,746 13,372 (14,519) (913) (23,742) (6,286) 14,982 1,271 2007 $(54,720) (6,382) (19,792) — (17,259) 8,771 — 867 Total income tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29,235 $ 63,911 $(88,515) Certain provisions of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the “Act”) are providing federal income tax benefits to CVR. The Act created Internal Revenue Code section 199 which provides an income tax benefit to domestic manufacturers. CVR recognized an income tax benefit related to this manufacturing deduction of approximately $3,798,000, $913,000 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Act also provides for a $0.05 per gallon income tax credit on compliant diesel fuel produced up to an amount equal to the remaining 25% of the qualified capital costs. CVR recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $4,783,000, $23,742,000 and $17,259,000 on a credit of approximately $7,358,000, $36,526,000 and $26,552,000 related to the production of ultra low sulfur diesel for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Company earns Kansas High Performance Incentive Program (“HPIP”) credits for qualified business facility investment within the state of Kansas. CVR recognized a net income tax benefit of approximately $3,205,000, $14,519,000 and $19,792,000 on a credit of approximately $4,931,000, $22,337,000 and $30,449,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007. 114 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) The income tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities at December 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 (in thousands) Deferred income tax assets: Allowance for doubtful accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personnel accruals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized derivative losses, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low sulfur diesel fuel credit carry forward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State net operating loss carry forwards, net of federal expense . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State tax credit carryforward, net of federal expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net costs associated with flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Gross deferred income tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,918 4,822 938 1,856 31,719 — 203 29,887 3,280 2,096 792 77,511 $ 1,638 2,564 426 — 50,263 854 234 31,994 3,388 2,276 256 93,893 Deferred income tax liabilities: Property, plant, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized derivative gains, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (330,477) (3,537) — (340,292) (4,247) (13,139) Total Gross deferred income tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (334,014) (357,678) Net deferred income tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(256,503) $(263,785) At December 31, 2009, CVR has federal tax credit carryforwards related to the production of low sulfur diesel fuel of approximately $31,719,000, which are available to reduce future federal regular income taxes. These credits, if not used, will expire in 2027 to 2029. CVR also has Kansas state income tax credits of approximately $45,980,000, which are available to reduce future Kansas state regular income taxes. These credits, if not used, will expire in 2017 to 2019. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets including credit carryforwards, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Although realizations is not assured, management believes that it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized and thus, no valuation allowance was provided as of December 31, 2009 and 2008. Effective January 1, 2007, CVR adopted accounting standards issued by the FASB that clarify the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements. If the probability of sustaining a tax position is at least more likely than not, then the tax position is warranted and recognition should be at the highest amount which is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of the date of adoption of this standard and at December 31, 2009, CVR did not believe it had any tax 115 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) positions that met the criteria for uncertain tax positions. As a result, no amounts were recognized as a liability for uncertain tax positions. CVR recognizes interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions and income tax deficiencies in income tax expense. CVR did not recognize any interest or penalties in 2009, 2008 or 2007 for uncertain tax positions or income tax deficiencies. At December 31, 2009, the Company is generally open to examination in the United States and various individual states for the tax years ended December 31, 2006 through December 31, 2009. Certain subsidiaries of the Company closed an examination with the United States Internal Revenue Service of their 2005 federal income tax return with no adjustments in 2008. In 2009, the United States Internal Revenue Service commenced an examination of CVR and certain of its subsidiaries’ U.S. federal income tax returns for the tax year ended December 31, 2007 and also of a subsidiary for the tax year ended October 16, 2007. The Company anticipates the audits will be completed by the end of 2010 with no changes to the 2007 returns as filed. A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2009, is as follows: Balance as of January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0 Increase and decrease in prior year tax positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Increases and decrease in current year tax positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Settlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Reductions related to expirations of statute of limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Balance as of December 31, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0 (11) Long-Term Debt On December 28, 2006, CRLLC entered into a credit facility with a consortium of banks and one related party institutional lender. See Note 17 (“Related Party Transactions”). The credit facility was in an aggregate amount of $1,075,000,000, consisting of $775,000,000 of tranche D term loans; a $150,000,000 revolving credit facility; and a funded letter of credit facility of $150,000,000. The credit facility was secured by substantially all of CRLLC’s and its subsidiaries’ assets. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, $479,503,000 and $484,328,000, respectively, of tranche D term loans were outstanding, and there were no outstanding balances on the revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, CRLLC had $0 and $150,000,000, respectively, in funded letters of credit outstanding to secure payment obligations under derivative financial instruments related to the Cash Flow Swap. See Note 16 (“Derivative Financial Instruments”). In January 2010, CRLLC made a voluntary unscheduled principal payment of $20,000,000 on the tranche D term loans. In addition, CRLLC made a second voluntary unscheduled principal payment of $5,000,000 in February 2010. In connection with these voluntary prepayments, CRLLC paid a 2.0% premium totaling $500,000 to the lenders of CRLLC’s credit facility. On October 2, 2009, CRLLC entered into a third amendment to its outstanding credit facility. The amendment was entered into, among other things, to provide financial flexibility to the Company through modifications to its financial covenants for the remaining term of the credit facility. Specifically, the amendment (i) affords CRLLC’s parent, CVR (which is not a party to the credit agreement) the opportunity to incur indebtedness by allowing subsidiaries of CVR which are parties to the credit agreement to distribute dividends to CVR in order to fund interest payments of up to $20,000,000 annually, (ii) extends the application of the FIFO adjustment (at a reduced level of 75%) which was incorporated in connection with the second amendment as discussed below, through the remaining term of the credit facility, and (iii) permitted CRLLC to terminate the Cash Flow Swap (see Note 16). On October 8, 2009, the Cash Flow Swap was terminated and all outstanding obligations were settled in advance of the original expiration of June 30, 2010. In connection 116 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) with the termination of the Cash Flow Swap, CRLLC also terminated the funded letter of credit facility supporting its obligations pursuant to the Cash Flow Swap on October 15, 2009. On December 22, 2008, CRLLC entered into a second amendment to its outstanding credit facility. The second amendment was entered into, among other things, to amend the definition of consolidated adjusted EBITDA to add a FIFO adjustment which applied for the year ending December 31, 2008 through the quarter ending September 30, 2009. The FIFO adjustment was to be used for the purpose of testing compliance with the financial covenants under the credit facility until the quarter ending June 30, 2010. As part of the amendment, CRLLC’s interest-rate margin increased by 2.50% and LIBOR and the base rate was set at a minimum of 3.25% and 4.25%, respectively. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the term loan and revolving credit facility provide CRLLC the option of a 3-month LIBOR rate plus 5.25% per annum (rounded up to the next whole multiple of 1⁄16 of 1%) or a base rate (to be based on the greater of the current prime rate or federal funds rate plus 4.25%). Interest is paid quarterly when using the base rate and at the expiration of the LIBOR term selected when using the LIBOR rate; interest varies with the base rate or LIBOR rate in effect at the time of the borrowing. The interest rate on December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 was 8.50% and 9.13%, respectively. The annual fee for the funded letter of credit facility was 5.475% at December 31, 2008. Included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is accrued interest payable totaling $10,964,000 and $9,204,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Of these amounts, $10,588,000 and $8,655,000 are related to CRLLC’s credit facility borrowing arrangement for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Under the terms of CRLLC’s credit facility, the interest-rate margin paid is subject to change based on changes in CRLLC’s credit rating by either Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or Moody’s. In February 2009, S&P placed CRLLC on negative outlook which resulted in an increase in CRLLC’s interest rate of 0.25% on amounts borrowed under CRLLC’s term loan facility, revolving credit facility and the funded letter of credit facility. In August 2009, S&P revised CRLLC’s outlook to “stable” which resulted in a decrease in CRLLC’s interest rate by 0.25%, effective September 1, 2009, on amounts borrowed under CRLLC’s term loan facility, revolving credit facility and the funded letter of credit facility. As noted above, CRLLC terminated the funded letter of credit facility effective October 15, 2009. CRLLC’s credit facility contains customary restrictive covenants applicable to CRLLC, including, but not limited to, limitations on the level of additional indebtedness, commodity agreements, capital expenditures, payment of dividends, creation of liens, and sale of assets. These covenants also require CRLLC to maintain specified financial ratios as follows: First Lien Credit Facility Fiscal Quarter Ending Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio Maximum Leverage Ratio December 31, 2009 and thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00:1.00 2.75:1.00 Failure to comply with the various restrictive and affirmative covenants in the credit facility could negatively affect CRLLC’s ability to incur additional indebtedness. CRLLC is required to measure its compliance with these financial ratios and covenants quarterly and was in compliance at December 31, 2009 with all covenants and reporting requirements under the terms of the agreement as amended on December 22, 2008 and October 2, 2009. As required by the credit facility, CRLLC has entered into interest rate swap agreements that are required to be held for the remainder of the stated term. 117 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Long-term debt at December 31, 2009 consisted of the following future maturities: First lien Tranche D term loans; principal payments of 0.25% of the principal balance due quarterly increasing to 23.5% of the principal balance due quarterly commencing April 2013, with a final payment of the aggregate remaining unpaid principal balance due December 2013 Year Ending December 31, 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Thereafter Amount $ 4,777,000 4,730,000 4,682,000 465,314,000 — — $479,503,000 Commencing with fiscal year 2009, CRLLC is required to prepay the loans in an aggregate amount equal to 75% of consolidated excess cash flow, which is defined in the credit facility and includes a formulaic calculation consisting of many financial statement items, starting with consolidated adjusted EBITDA less 100% of voluntary prepayments made during that fiscal year. At December 31, 2009, CRLLC had approximately $193,000 in letters of credit outstanding to collater- alize its environmental obligations, approximately $30,569,000 in letters of credit outstanding to secure transportation services for crude oil, a $5,000,000 letter of credit issued in support of the Interest Rate Swap (see Note 16 (“Derivative Financial Instruments”)) and a $28,000,000 standby letter of credit issued in support of the purchase of feedstocks. On January 11, 2010, the $28,000,000 standby letter of credit was reduced to $0. These letters of credit were outstanding under the revolving credit facility. The letters of credit outstanding reduce the amount available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility has a current expiration date of December 28, 2012. (12) Earnings Per Share On October 26, 2007, the Company completed the initial public offering of 23,000,000 shares of its common stock. Also, in connection with the initial public offering, a reorganization of entities under common control was consummated whereby the Company became the indirect owner of the subsidiaries of CALLC and CALLC II and all of their refinery and fertilizer assets. This reorganization was accomplished by the Company issuing 62,866,720 shares of its common stock to CALLC and CALLC II, its majority stockholders, in conjunction with a 628,667.20 for 1 stock split and the merger of two newly formed direct subsidiaries of CVR. Immediately following the completion of the offering, there were 86,141,291 shares of common stock outstanding, excluding non-vested shares issued. See Note 1, “Organization and History of the Company”. 118 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) 2009 and 2008 Earnings Per Share The computations of the basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 is as follows: For the Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding . . . . Effect of dilutive securities: (unaudited) (in thousands except share data) $ 163,935 86,145,543 69,354 86,248,205 Non-vested common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,228 78,666 Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding assuming dilution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,342,433 86,224,209 Basic earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Diluted earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0.80 0.80 $ $ 1.90 1.90 Outstanding stock options totaling 32,350 common shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 as they were antidilutive. 2007 Pro Forma Loss Per Share The computation of basic and diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2007 is calculated on a pro forma basis assuming the capital structure in place after the completion of the initial public offering was in place for the entire period. Pro forma loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2007 is calculated as noted below. For the year ended December 31, 2007, 17,500 non-vested common shares and 18,900 of common stock options have been excluded from the calculation of pro forma diluted earnings per share because the inclusion of such common stock equivalents in the number of weighted-average shares outstanding would be anti-dilutive: Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pro forma weighted-average shares outstanding: Original CVR shares of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of 628,667.20 to 1 stock split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Issuance of shares of common stock to management in exchange for subsidiary shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Issuance of shares of common stock to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Issuance of shares of common stock in the initial public offering . . . . . . . . . . . Basic weighted-average shares outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dilutive securities — issuance of non-vested shares of common stock to board of directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For the Year Ended December 31, 2007 (unaudited) (in thousands) (67,618) $ 100 62,866,620 247,471 27,100 23,000,000 86,141,291 — Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,141,291 Pro forma basic loss per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pro forma dilutive loss per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ (0.78) (0.78) 119 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (13) Benefit Plans CVR sponsors two defined-contribution 401(k) plans (the Plans) for all employees. Participants in the Plans may elect to contribute up to 50% of their annual salaries, and up to 100% of their annual income sharing. CVR matches up to 75% of the first 6% of the participant’s contribution for the nonunion plan and 50% of the first 6% of the participant’s contribution for the union plan. Both Plans are administered by CVR and contributions for the union plan are determined in accordance with provisions of negotiated labor contracts. Participants in both Plans are immediately vested in their individual contributions. Both Plans have a three year vesting schedule for CVR’s matching funds and contain a provision to count service with any predecessor organization. CVR’s contributions under the Plans were $2,072,000, $1,588,000 and $1,513,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. (14) Commitments and Contingent Liabilities The minimum required payments for CVR’s lease agreements and unconditional purchase obligations are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating Leases Unconditional Purchase Obligations(1) $ 5,404 5,406 4,998 2,555 1,891 1,357 $21,611 $ 32,065 30,487 27,692 27,846 27,846 154,577 $300,513 (1) This amount excludes approximately $510,000,000 potentially payable under petroleum transportation ser- vice agreements with TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP (“TransCanada”), pursuant to which Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (“CRRM”) would receive transportation of at least 25,000 barrels per day of crude oil with a delivery point at Cushing, Oklahoma for a term of ten years on a new pipeline system being constructed by TransCanada. This $510,000,000 would be payable ratably over the ten year service period under the agreements, such period to begin upon commencement of services under the new pipeline system. Based on information currently available to us, we believe commencement of services would begin in the first quarter of 2011. The Company filed a Statement of Claim in the Court of the Queen’s Bench of Alberta, Judicial District of Calgary, on September 15, 2009, to dispute the validity of the petroleum transportation service agreements. The Company cannot provide any assurance that the petroleum transportation service agreements will be found to be invalid. CVR leases various equipment, including rail cars, and real properties under long-term operating leases expiring at various dates. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, lease expense totaled approximately $5,104,000, $4,314,000 and $3,854,000, respectively. The lease agreements have various remaining terms. Some agreements are renewable, at CVR’s option, for additional periods. It is expected, in the ordinary course of business, that leases will be renewed or replaced as they expire. CRNF has an agreement with the City of Coffeyville (the “City”) pursuant to which it must make a series of future payments for the supply, generation and transmission of electricity and City margin based upon agreed upon rates. As of December 31, 2009, the remaining obligations of CRNF totaled $16,196,000 through July 1, 2019. Total minimum annual committed contractual payments under the agreement will be $1,705,000. Effective August 2008 and going forward, the City began charging a higher rate for electricity than what had been agreed to in the contract. The Company filed a lawsuit to have the contract enforced as written and to 120 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) recover other damages. Pending determination of the Company’s claims, the Company has paid the higher rates under protest and subject to the lawsuit in order to obtain the electricity. CRRM has a Pipeline Construction, Operation and Transportation Commitment Agreement with Plains Pipeline, L.P. (“Plains Pipeline”) pursuant to which Plains Pipeline constructed a crude oil pipeline from Cushing, Oklahoma to Caney, Kansas. The term of the agreement is 20 years from when the pipeline became operational on March 1, 2005. Pursuant to the agreement, CRRM must transport approximately 80,000 barrels per day of its crude oil requirements for the Coffeyville refinery at a fixed charge per barrel for the first five years of the agreement. For the final fifteen years of the agreement, CRRM must transport all of its non- gathered crude oil up to the capacity of the Plains Pipeline. The rate is subject to a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) tariff and is subject to change on an annual basis per the agreement. Lease expense associated with this agreement and included in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortiza- tion) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 totaled approximately $10,906,000, $10,397,000 and $7,214,000, respectively. During 2005, CRRM entered into a Pipeage Contract with MAPL pursuant to which CRRM agreed to ship a minimum quantity of NGLs on an inbound pipeline operated by MAPL between Conway, Kansas and Coffeyville, Kansas. Pursuant to the contract, CRRM is obligated to ship 2,000,000 barrels (“Minimum Commitment”) of NGLs per year at a fixed rate per barrel through the expiration of the contract on September 30, 2011. All barrels above the Minimum Commitment are at a different fixed rate per barrel. The rates are subject to a tariff approved by the Kansas Corporation Commission (“KCC”) and are subject to change throughout the term of this contract as ordered by the KCC. Lease expense associated with this contract agreement and included in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, totaled approximately $2,381,000, $2,310,000 and $1,400,000, respectively. During 2004, CRRM entered into a Transportation Services Agreement with CCPS Transportation, LLC (“CCPS”) pursuant to which CCPS reconfigured an existing pipeline (“Spearhead Pipeline”) to transport Canadian sourced crude oil to Cushing, Oklahoma. The term of the agreement is 10 years from the time the pipeline becomes operational, which occurred March 1, 2006. Pursuant to the agreement and pursuant to options for increased capacity which CRRM has exercised, CRRM is obligated to pay an incentive tariff, which is a fixed rate per barrel for a minimum of 10,000 barrels per day. Lease expense associated with this agreement included in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 totaled approximately $9,660,000, $8,428,000 and $6,980,000, respectively. During 2004, CRRM entered into a Terminalling Agreement with Plains Marketing, LP (“Plains”) whereby CRRM has the exclusive storage rights for working storage, blending, and terminalling services at several Plains tanks in Cushing, Oklahoma. During 2007, CRRM entered into an Amended and Restated Terminalling Agreement with Plains that replaced the 2004 agreement. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Terminalling Agreement, CRRM is obligated to pay fees on a minimum throughput volume commitment of 29,200,000 barrels per year. Fees are subject to change annually based on changes in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI-U”) and the Producer Price Index (“PPI-NG”). Expenses associated with this agreement, included in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, totaled approximately $2,637,000, $2,529,000 and $2,396,000, respectively. The original term of the Amended and Restated Terminalling Agreement expires December 31, 2014, but is subject to annual automatic extensions of one year beginning two years and one day following the effective date of the agreement, and successively every year thereafter unless either party elects not to extend the agreement. Concurrently with the above-described Amended and Restated Terminalling Agreement, CRRM entered into a separate Terminalling Agreement with Plains whereby CRRM has obtained additional exclusive storage rights for working storage and terminalling services at several Plains tanks in Cushing, Oklahoma. CRRM is 121 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) obligated to pay Plains fees based on the storage capacity of the tanks involved, and such fees are subject to change annually based on changes in the Producer Price Index (“PPI-FG” and “PPI-NG”). Expenses associated with this Terminalling Agreement totaled $3,463,000 for 2009. For 2008, the term of the Terminalling Agreement was split up into two periods based on the tanks at issue, with the term for half of the tanks commencing once they were placed in service, and the term for the remaining half of the tanks commencing October 1, 2008. Expenses associated with this agreement totaled approximately $1,118,000 for the tanks in service between January 1, 2008 and September 30, 2008 and $745,000 for the tanks in service between October 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008. For the year ended December 31, 2008, expenses associated with this agreement totaled $1,863,000. Select tanks covered by this agreement have been designated as delivery points for crude oil. During 2005, CRNF entered into the Amended and Restated On-Site Product Supply Agreement with Linde, Inc. Pursuant to the agreement, which expires in 2020, CRNF is required to take as available and pay approximately $300,000 per month, which amount is subject to annual inflation adjustments, for the supply of oxygen and nitrogen to the fertilizer operation. Expenses associated with this agreement included in direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, totaled approximately $4,106,000, $3,928,000 and $3,449,000, respectively. During 2006, CRRM entered into a Lease Storage Agreement with TEPPCO Crude Pipeline, L.P. (“TEPPCO”) whereby CRRM leases tank capacity at TEPPCO’s Cushing tank farm in Cushing, Oklahoma. In September 2006, CRRM exercised its option to increase the shell capacity leased at the facility subject to this agreement. Pursuant to the agreement, CRRM is obligated to pay a monthly per barrel fee regardless of the number of barrels of crude oil actually stored at the leased facilities. Expenses associated with this agreement included in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 totaled approximately $1,320,000, $1,320,000 and $1,110,000, respectively. On October 10, 2008, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into ten year agreements with Magellan Pipeline Company LP (Magellan) that will allow for the transportation of an additional 20,000 barrels per day of refined fuels from the Company’s Coffeyville, Kansas refinery and the storage of refined fuels on the Magellan system. CRRM commenced usage of the capacity lease in December 2009. The storage of refined fuels on the Magellan system is expected to commence in the second quarter of 2010. CRNF entered into a sales agreement with Cominco Fertilizer Partnership on November 20, 2007 to purchase equipment and materials which comprise a nitric acid plant. CRNF’s obligation related to the execution of the agreement in 2007 for the purchase of the assets was $3,500,000. On May 25, 2009, CRNF and Cominco amended the contract increasing the liability to $4,250,000. In consideration of the increased liability, the timeline for removal of the equipment and payment schedule was extended. The amendment sets forth payment milestones based upon the timing of removal of identified assets. The balance of the assets purchased are to be removed by November 20, 2013, with final payment due at that time. As of December 31, 2009, $1,750,000 had been paid. Additionally, $2,874,000 was accrued related to the obligation to dismantle the unit. These amounts incurred are included in construction-in-progress at December 31, 2009. Litigation From time to time, the Company is involved in various lawsuits arising in the normal course of business, including matters such as those described below under, “Environmental, Health, and Safety (“EHS”) Matters.” Liabilities related to such litigation are recognized when the related costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Management believes the company has accrued for losses for which it may ultimately be responsible. It is possible that management’s estimates of the outcomes will change within the next year due to uncertainties inherent in litigation and settlement negotiations. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of any other litigation matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the accompanying 122 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) consolidated financial statements. There can be no assurance that managements’ beliefs or opinions with respect to liability for potential litigation matters are accurate. Samson Resources Company, Samson Lone Star, LLC and Samson Contour Energy E&P, LLC (together, “Samson”) filed fifteen lawsuits in federal and state courts in Oklahoma and two lawsuits in state courts in New Mexico against CRRM and other defendants between March 2009 and July 2009. All of the lawsuits allege that Samson sold crude oil to a group of companies, which generally are known as SemCrude or SemGroup (collectively, “Sem”), which later declared bankruptcy and that Sem has not paid Samson for all of the crude oil purchased from Sem. The lawsuits further allege that Sem sold some of the crude oil purchased from Samson to J. Aron & Company (“J. Aron”) and that J. Aron sold some of this crude oil to CRRM. All of the lawsuits seek the same remedy, the imposition of a trust, an accounting and the return of crude oil or the proceeds therefrom. The amount of Samson’s alleged claims are unknown since the price and amount of crude oil sold by Samson and eventually received by CRRM through Sem and J. Aron, if any, is unknown. CRRM timely paid for all crude oil purchased from J. Aron and intends to vigorously defend against these claims. The Company received a letter dated January 27, 2010, from the Litigation Trust formed pursuant to the Sem bankruptcy plan of reorganization claiming that $41,625,000 received by the Company from various Sem entities within the 90 day period prior to the Sem bankruptcy on July 22, 2008, may constitute recoverable preferences under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The Company has asserted that it has various defenses to such preference claim including that the payments were made in the ordinary course of business in return for products sold by the Company. The Company intends to vigorously defend against this claim. See note (1) to the table at the beginning of this Note 14 (“Commitments and Contingent Liabilities”) for a discussion of the TransCanada litigation. Flood, Crude Oil Discharge and Insurance Crude oil was discharged from the Company’s refinery on July 1, 2007 due to the short amount of time available to shut down and secure the refinery in preparation for the flood that occurred on June 30, 2007. In connection with the discharge, the Company received in May 2008, notices of claims from sixteen private claimants under the Oil Pollution Act in an aggregate amount of approximately $4,393,000. In August 2008, those claimants filed suit against the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas in Wichita (the “Angleton Case”). In October 2009, a companion case to the Angleton Case was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas at Wichita, seeking a total of $3,200,000 for three additional plaintiffs as a result of the July 1, 2007 crude oil discharge. The Company believes that the resolution of these claims will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements. As a result of the crude oil discharge that occurred on July 1, 2007, the Company entered into an administrative order on consent (the “Consent Order”) with the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) on July 10, 2007. As set forth in the Consent Order, the EPA concluded that the discharge of crude oil from the Company’s refinery caused an imminent and substantial threat to the public health and welfare. Pursuant to the Consent Order, the Company agreed to perform specified remedial actions to respond to the discharge of crude oil from the Company’s refinery. In July 2008, the Company substantially completed remediating the damage caused by the crude oil discharge. The substantial majority of all known remedial actions were completed by January 31, 2009. The Company prepared and provided its final report to the EPA to satisfy the final requirement of the Consent Order. The Company anticipates that the EPA’s review of this report will not result in any further requirements that could be material to the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. The Company has not estimated or accrued for any potential fines, penalties or claims that may be imposed or brought by regulatory authorities or possible additional damages arising from lawsuits related to 123 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) the June/July 2007 flood as management does not believe any such fines, penalties or lawsuits would be material nor can be estimated. The Company is seeking insurance coverage for this release and for the ultimate costs for remediation and property damage claims. On July 10, 2008, the Company filed two lawsuits in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas against certain of the Company’s environmental and property insurance carriers with regard to the Company’s insurance coverage for the June/July 2007 flood and crude oil discharge. The Company’s excess environmental liability insurance carrier has asserted that its pollution liability claims are for “cleanup,” which is not covered by such policy, rather than for “property damage,” which is covered to the limits of the policy. While the Company will vigorously contest the excess carrier’s position, it contends that if that position were upheld, its umbrella Comprehensive General Liability policies would continue to provide coverage for these claims. Each insurer, however, has reserved its rights under various policy exclusions and limitations and has cited potential coverage defenses. Although the Company believes that certain amounts under the environmental and liability insurance policies will be recovered, the Company cannot be certain of the ultimate amount or timing of such recovery because of the difficulty inherent in projecting the ultimate resolution of the Company’s claims. The Company received $10,000,000 of insurance proceeds under its primary environmental liability insurance policy in 2007 and received an additional $15,000,000 in September 2008 from that carrier, which two payments together constituted full payment to the Company of the primary pollution liability policy limit. The lawsuit with the insurance carriers under the environmental policies remains the only unsettled lawsuit with the insurance carriers. The property insurance lawsuit has been settled and dismissed. Environmental, Health, and Safety (“EHS”) Matters CRRM, Coffeyville Resources Crude Transportation, LLC (“CRCT”), Coffeyville Resources Terminal, LLC (“CRT”) and CRNF are subject to various stringent federal, state, and local EHS rules and regulations. Liabilities related to EHS matters are recognized when the related costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of these costs are based upon currently available facts, existing technology, site-specific costs, and currently enacted laws and regulations. In reporting EHS liabilities, no offset is made for potential recoveries. Such liabilities include estimates of the Company’s share of costs attributable to potentially responsible parties which are insolvent or otherwise unable to pay. All liabilities are monitored and adjusted regularly as new facts emerge or changes in law or technology occur. CRRM, CRNF, CRCT and CRT own and/or operate manufacturing and ancillary operations at various locations directly related to petroleum refining and distribution and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing. Therefore, CRRM, CRNF, CRCT and CRT have exposure to potential EHS liabilities related to past and present EHS conditions at these locations. CRRM and CRT have agreed to perform corrective actions at the Coffeyville, Kansas refinery and Phillipsburg, Kansas terminal facility, pursuant to Administrative Orders on Consent issued under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) to address historical contamination by the prior owners (RCRA Docket No. VII-94-H-0020 and Docket No. VII-95-H-011, respectively). In 2005, CRNF agreed to participate in the State of Kansas Voluntary Cleanup and Property Redevelopment Program (“VCPRP”) to address a reported release of UAN at its UAN loading rack. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, environmental accruals of $5,007,000 and $6,924,000, respectively, were reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for probable and estimated costs for remediation of environmental contamination under the RCRA Administrative Orders and the VCPRP, including amounts totaling $2,179,000 and $2,684,000, respectively, included in other current liabilities. The Company’s accruals were determined based on an estimate of payment costs through 2031, for which the scope of remediation was arranged with the EPA, and were discounted at the appropriate risk free rates at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The accruals include estimated closure and post-closure 124 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) costs of $883,000 and $1,124,000 for two landfills at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The estimated future payments for these required obligations are as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Undiscounted total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less amounts representing interest at 3.35% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amount $2,179 370 435 325 431 2,023 5,763 756 Accrued environmental liabilities at December 31, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5,007 Management periodically reviews and, as appropriate, revises its environmental accruals. Based on current information and regulatory requirements, management believes that the accruals established for environmental expenditures are adequate. In February 2000, the EPA promulgated the Tier II Motor Vehicle Emission Standards Final Rule for all passenger vehicles, establishing standards for sulfur content in gasoline that were required to be met by 2006. In addition, in January 2001, the EPA promulgated its on-road diesel regulations, which required a 97% reduction in the sulfur content of diesel sold for highway use by June 1, 2006, with full compliance by January 1, 2010. In February 2004 the EPA granted CRRM approval under a “hardship waiver” that would defer meeting final Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline (“ULSG”) standards and Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (“ULSD”) requirements. The hardship waiver was revised at CRRM’s request on September 25, 2008. The Company met the conditions of the “hardship waiver” related to the ULSD requirements in late 2006 and is continuing its work related to meeting its compliance date with ULSG standards in accordance with a revised hardship waiver which gave the Company short-term flexibility on sulfur content during the recovery from the flood. Compliance with the Tier II gasoline and on-road diesel standards required us to spend approximately $20,589,000 in 2009, approximately $13,787,000 during 2008, approximately $16,800,000 during 2007 and $79,033,000 during 2006. Based on information currently available, CRRM anticipates spending approximately $21,984,000 in 2010 to comply with ULSG requirements. The entire amount is expected to be capitalized. In 2007, the EPA promulgated the Mobile Source Air Toxic II (“MSAT II”) rule, that requires the reduction of benzene in gasoline by 2011. CRRM is considered a small refiner under the MSAT II rule and compliance with the rule is extended until 2015 for small refiners. Because of the extended compliance date, CRRM has not begun engineering work at this time. CVR anticipates that capital expenditures to comply with the rule will not begin before 2013. In February 2010, the EPA finalized changes to the Renewable Fuel Standards (“RFS2”) which require the total volume of renewable transportation fuels sold or introduced in the U.S. to reach 12.95 billion gallons in 2010 and rise to 36 billion gallons by 2020. Due to mandates in the RFS2 requiring increasing volumes of renewable fuels to replace petroleum products in the U.S. motor fuel market, there may be a decrease in demand for petroleum products. In addition, CRRM may be impacted by increased capital expenses and production costs to accommodate mandated renewable fuel volumes. CRRM’s small refiner status under the original renewable Fuel Standards will continue under the RFS2 and therefore, CRRM is exempted from the requirements of the RFS2 through December 31, 2010. In March 2004, CRRM and CRT entered into a Consent Decree (the “Consent Decree”) with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment 125 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (the “KDHE”) to resolve air compliance concerns raised by the EPA and KDHE related to Farmland’s prior ownership and operation of our refinery and Phillipsburg terminal facilities. Under the Consent Decree, CRRM agreed to install controls to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (“SO2”), nitrogen oxides (“NOx”) and particulate matter (“PM”) from its FCCU by January 1, 2011. In addition, pursuant to the Consent Decree, CRRM and CRT assumed cleanup obligations at the Coffeyville refinery and the Phillipsburg terminal facilities. The costs of complying with the Consent Decree are expected to be approximately $54 million, of which approximately $44 million is expected to be capital expenditures which does not include the cleanup obligations for historic contamination at the site that are being addressed pursuant to administrative orders issued under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) and described in “Impacts of Past Manufacturing.” As a result of our agreement to install certain controls and implement certain operational changes, the EPA and KDHE agreed not to impose civil penalties, and provided a release from liability for Farmland’s alleged noncompliance with the issues addressed by the Consent Decree. To date, CRRM and CRT have materially complied with the Consent Decree. On June 30, 2009, CRRM submitted a force majeure notice to the EPA and KDHE in which CRRM indicated that it may be unable to meet the Consent Decree’s January 1, 2011 deadline related to the installation of controls on the FCCU because of delays caused by the June/July 2007 flood. In February 2010, CRRM and the EPA reached an agreement in principle to a 15-month extension of the January 1, 2011 deadline for the installation of controls that is awaiting final approval by the government before filing as a material modification to the existing Consent Decree. Pursuant to this agreement, CRRM will offset any incremental emissions resulting from the delay by providing additional controls to existing emission sources over a set timeframe. Final approval of the agreement is subject to additional review by other governmental agencies. On February 24, 2010, the Company received a letter from the United States Department of Justice on behalf of EPA seeking a $900,000 civil penalty related to alleged late and incomplete reporting of air releases that occurred between June 13, 2004 and April 10, 2008. EPA has alleged that the company violated the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (“EPCRA”). The Company is in the process of reviewing EPA’s allegations to determine whether they are factually and legally accurate. Environmental expenditures are capitalized when such expenditures are expected to result in future economic benefits. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 capital expenditures were approximately $24,363,000, $39,688,000 and $122,341,000, respectively, and were incurred to improve the environmental compliance and efficiency of the operations. CRRM, CRNF, CRCT and CRT each believe it is in substantial compliance with existing EHS rules and regulations. There can be no assurance that the EHS matters described above or other EHS matters which may develop in the future will not have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, or results of operations. (15) Fair Value Measurements In September 2006, the FASB issued ASC 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 established a single authoritative definition of fair value when accounting rules require the use of fair value, set out a framework for measuring fair value, and required additional disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company adopted ASC 820 on January 1, 2008 with the exception of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities that were deferred by additional guidance issued by the FASB as discussed in Note 2 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”). ASC 820 discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (prices and other relevant information generated by market conditions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities), the income 126 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) approach (techniques to convert future amounts to single present amounts based on market expectations including present value techniques and option-pricing), and the cost approach (amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset which is often referred to as replacement cost). ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels: (cid:129) Level 1 — Quoted prices in active market for identical assets and liabilities (cid:129) Level 2 — Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities) (cid:129) Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value) The following table sets forth the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, by input level, as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 (in thousands): Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total 2009 Cash equivalents (money market account) . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities (Interest Rate Swap) . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities (Other derivative agreements) . . . $723 — — $ — — (2,830) — (1,847) — $ 723 (2,830) (1,847) Cash equivalents (money market account) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities (Interest Rate Swap) . . . . . . . . . . . Receivable from swap counterparty – current (Cash Flow Swap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receivable from swap counterparty – long-term (Cash Flow Swap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2008 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total $149 — $ — — (7,789) — $ 149 (7,789) — — 32,630 5,632 — — 32,630 5,632 As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the only financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are the Company’s money market account and derivative instruments. See Note 16 (“Derivative Financial Instruments”) for a discussion of the Interest Rate Swap. The Company’s derivative contracts giving rise to assets or liabilities under Level 2 are valued using pricing models based on other significant observable inputs. Excluded from the 2008 table above is the Company’s payable to swap counterparty totaling $62,375,000 at December 31, 2008, as this amount was not subject to the provisions of ASC 820. This payable to swap counterparty relates to the J. Aron deferral. See Note 17 (“Related Party Transactions”) for further information regarding the deferral. The carrying value of long-term debt and revolving debt approximates fair value as a result of floating interest rates assigned to those financial instruments. 127 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (16) Derivative Financial Instruments Gain (loss) on derivatives, net consisted of the following: Realized loss on swap agreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain (loss) on swap agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain (loss) on other derivative agreements . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain (loss) on other derivative agreements . . . . . . . Realized gain (loss) on interest rate swap agreements . . . . . . . Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap agreements . . . . . . Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in thousands) $(110,388) 253,195 (10,582) 634 (1,593) (5,920) 2007 $(157,239) (103,212) (15,346) (1,348) 4,115 (8,948) 2009 $(14,331) (40,903) (6,646) (1,847) (6,518) 4,959 Total gain (loss) on derivatives, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(65,286) $ 125,346 $(281,978) The Company is subject to price fluctuations caused by supply conditions, weather, economic conditions, and other factors and to interest rate fluctuations. To manage price risk on crude oil and other inventories and to fix margins on certain future production, the Company may enter into various derivative transactions. In addition, the Company, as further described below, entered into certain commodity derivate contracts and an interest rate swap as required by the long-term debt agreements. The commodity derivatives are for the purpose of managing price risk on crude oil and finished goods and the interest rate swap is for the purpose of managing interest rate risk. CVR has adopted accounting standards which impose extensive record-keeping requirements in order to designate a derivative financial instrument as a hedge. CVR holds derivative instruments, such as exchange- traded crude oil futures, certain over-the-counter forward swap agreements, and interest rate swap agreements, which it believes provide an economic hedge on future transactions, but such instruments are not designated as hedges. Gains or losses related to the change in fair value and periodic settlements of these derivative instruments are classified as gain (loss) on derivatives, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cash Flow Swap Until October 8, 2009, CRLLC had been a party to commodity derivative contracts (referred to as the “Cash Flow Swap”) that were originally executed on June 16, 2005 in conjunction with the acquisition by CALLC of all outstanding stock held by Coffeyville Group Holdings, LLC and required under the terms of the long-term debt agreements. The notional quantities on the date of execution were 100,911,000 barrels of crude oil; 2,348,802,750 gallons of unleaded gasoline and 1,889,459,250 gallons of heating oil. The swap agreements were executed at the prevailing market rate at the time of execution and were to provide an economic hedge on future transactions. The Cash Flow Swap resulted in unrealized gains (losses), using a valuation method that utilized quoted market prices. All of the activity related to the Cash Flow Swap is reported in the Petroleum Segment. On October 8, 2009, CRLLC and J. Aron mutually agreed to terminate the Cash Flow Swap. The Cash Flow Swap was originally expected to terminate in 2010; however, an amendment to the Company’s credit facility completed on October 2, 2009, permitted early termination. As a result of the early termination, a settlement totaling approximately $3,851,000 was paid to CRLLC by J. Aron. Interest Rate Swap At December 31, 2009, CVR held derivative contracts known as the “Interest Rate Swap” that converted CVR’s floating-rate bank debt (see Note 11 (“Long-Term Debt”)) into 4.195% fixed-rate debt on a notional 128 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) amount of $180,000,000. Half of the agreements are held with a related party (as described in Note 17 (“Related Party Transactions”)), and the other half are held with a financial institution that is a lender under CVR’s long-term debt agreements. The swap agreements carry the following terms: Period Covered Notional Amount Fixed Interest Rate March 31, 2009 to March 31, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 million March 31, 2010 to June 30, 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 million 4.195% 4.195% CVR pays the fixed rates listed above and receives a floating rate based on three month LIBOR rates, with payments calculated on the notional amounts listed above. The notional amounts do not represent actual amounts exchanged by the parties but instead represent the amounts on which the contracts are based. The Interest Rate Swap is settled quarterly and marked to market at each reporting date, and all unrealized gains and losses are currently recognized in income. Transactions related to the Interest-Rate Swap were not allocated to the Petroleum or Nitrogen Fertilizer segments. The Interest Rate Swap has two counterparties. As noted above, one half of the Interest Rate Swap agreements are held with a related party. As of December 31, 2009, both counterparties had an investment- grade debt rating. The maximum amount of loss due to the credit risk of the counterparty, should the counterparty fail to perform according to the terms of the contracts, is contingent upon the unsettled portion of the Interest Rate Swap, if any. For the Company to be “at-risk” the unsettled portion of the Interest Rate Swap would need to be in a net receivable position. As of December 31, 2009, the Company’s Interest Rate Swap was in a payable position and thus would not be considered “at-risk” as it relates to risk posed by the swap counterparties. (17) Related Party Transactions GS Capital Partners V Fund, L.P. and related entities (“GS” or “Goldman Sachs Funds”) and Kelso Investment Associates VII, L.P. and related entities (“Kelso” or “Kelso Funds”) are a majority owner of CVR. Management Services Agreements On June 24, 2005, CALLC entered into management services agreements with each of GS and Kelso pursuant to which GS and Kelso agreed to provide CALLC with managerial and advisory services. In consideration for these services, an annual fee of $1,000,000 each was to be paid to GS and Kelso, plus reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses. The agreements had a term ending on the date GS and Kelso ceased to own any interest in CALLC. Relating to the agreements, $1,704,000 was expensed in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the year ended December 31, 2007. The agreements terminated upon consummation of CVR’s initial public offering on October 26, 2007. The Company paid a one-time fee of $5,000,000 to each of GS and Kelso by reason of such termination on October 26, 2007. Cash Flow Swap CRLLC entered into the Cash Flow Swap with J. Aron, a subsidiary of GS. These agreements were entered into on June 16, 2005, with an expiration date of June 30, 2010, as described in Note 16 (“Derivative Financial Instruments”). Amounts totaling $(55,234,000), $142,807,000 and $(260,451,000) were reflected in gain (loss) on derivatives, net, related to these swap agreements for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. In addition, the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2009 and 2008 includes liabilities of $0 and $62,375,000 included in current payable to swap counterparty. The Cash Flow Swap was terminated by the parties effective October 8, 2009. The termination resulted in a settlement payment received by CRLLC from J. Aron totaling approximately $3,851,000. As of December 31, 2008, the Company recorded 129 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) a short-term and long-term receivable from swap counterparty for $32,630,000 and $5,632,000, respectively, for the unrealized gain on the Cash Flow Swap as of December 31, 2008. J. Aron Deferrals As a result of the June/July 2007 flood and the temporary cessation of business operations in 2007, the Company entered into three separate deferral agreements for amounts owed to J. Aron. The amounts deferred, excluding accrued interest, totaled $123,681,000. Of the original deferred balances, the entire balance has been repaid as of December 31, 2009. The deferred balance owed to J. Aron, excluding accrued interest payable, totaled $62,375,000 at December 31, 2008. In January and February 2009, the Company repaid $46,316,000 of the deferral obligations reducing the total principal deferred obligation to $16,059,000. On March 2, 2009, the remaining principal balance of $16,059,000 was paid in full including accrued interest of $509,000 resulting in the Company being unconditionally and irrevocably released from any and all of its obligations under the deferral agreements. In addition, J. Aron released the Goldman Sachs Funds and the Kelso Fund from any and all of their obligations to guarantee the deferred payment obligations. Interest relating to the deferred payment amounts reflected in interest expense and other financing costs for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 were $307,000, $4,812,000 and $3,625,000, respectively. Accrued interest related to the deferral agreement for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 were $0 and $202,000, respectively, and are included in other current liabilities. Interest Rate Swap On June 30, 2005, as part of the Interest Rate Swap, CVR entered into three interest rate swap agreements with J. Aron (as described in Note 16 (“Derivative Financial Instruments”)). Amounts totaling $(781,000), $(3,761,000) and $(2,405,000) are recognized in gain (loss) on derivatives, net, related to these swap agreements for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. In addition, the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2009 includes $1,415,000 in other current liabilities related to the same agreements. As of December 31, 2008, the consolidated balance sheet includes $2,595,000 in other current liabilities and $1,298,000 in other long-term liabilities related to the same agreements, respectively. Crude Oil Supply Agreement Effective December 30, 2005, CRRM entered into a crude oil supply agreement with J. Aron. Under the agreement, both parties agreed to negotiate the cost of each barrel of crude oil to be purchased from a third party. The parties further agreed to negotiate the cost of each barrel of crude oil to be purchased from a third party, and CRRM agreed to pay the supplier a fixed supply service fee per barrel over the negotiated cost of each barrel of crude oil purchased. The cost was adjusted further using a spread adjustment calculation based on the time period the crude oil was estimated to be delivered to the refinery, other market conditions, and other factors deemed appropriate. The crude oil supply agreement with J. Aron was terminated effective December 31, 2008. CRRM entered into a new crude oil supply agreement with Vitol Inc., an unrelated party, effective December 31, 2008. The crude oil supply agreement with Vitol included an initial term of two years. On July 7, 2009, CRRM entered into an amendment with Vitol extending the term by a period of one year, ending December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, CRRM recorded on the consolidated balance sheet $0 and $8,211,000 in prepaid expenses and other current assets for prepayment of crude oil related to the supply agreement with J. Aron. Additionally, associated with the J. Aron supply agreement $0 and $20,063,000 were recorded in inventory and $0 and $2,757,000 were recorded in accounts payable at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Expenses associated with the J. Aron supply agreement, included in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciated and amortization) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 totaled $0, $3,006,614,000 and $1,477,000,000, respectively. 130 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company opened a highly liquid money market account with average maturities of less than ninety days with the Goldman Sachs Fund family in September 2008. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the balance in the account was approximately $723,000 and $149,000, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, this account earned interest income of $74,000 and $149,000, respectively. Financing and Other The Company paid approximately $538,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009 in registration expenses relating to the secondary offering that occurred in 2009 for the benefit of GS in accordance with CVR’s Registration Rights Agreement. These amounts included registration and filing fees, printing fees, external accounting fees, and external legal fees. On August 23, 2007, the Company’s subsidiaries entered into three new credit facilities, consisting of a $25,000,000 secured facility, a $25,000,000 unsecured facility and a $75,000,000 unsecured facility. A subsidiary of GS was the sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner for each of these new credit facilities. These credit facilities and their arrangements are more fully described in Note 11 (“Long-Term Debt”). The Company paid the subsidiary of GS a $1,258,000 fee included in deferred financing costs. For the year ended December 31, 2007, interest expenses relating to these agreements were $867,000. The secured and unsecured facilities were paid in full on October 26, 2007 with proceeds from CVR’s initial public offering, see Note 1, “Organization and History of Company”, and all three facilities terminated. Goldman, Sachs & Co. was the lead underwriter of CVR’s initial public offering in October 2007. As lead underwriter, they were paid a customary underwriting discount of approximately $14,710,000, which included $709,000 of expense reimbursement. In October 2009, CRLLC amended its credit facility. See Note 11 (“Long-Term Debt”) for further discussion. In connection with the amendment, CRLLC paid a subsidiary of GS a fee of $900,000 for their services as lead bookrunner. Additionally, CRLLC paid a lender fee of approximately $7,000 in conjunction with this amendment to a different subsidiary of GS. The affiliate is one of the many lenders under the credit facility. In 2008, an affiliate of GS was a joint lead arranger and joint lead bookrunner in conjunction with CRLLC’s amendment of their outstanding credit facility. In December 2008, CRLLC paid the subsidiary of GS a fee of $1,000,000 in connection with their services related to the amendment. Additionally, CRLLC paid a lender fee of approximately $52,000 in conjunction with this amendment to the subsidiary of GS. The affiliate is one of many lenders under the credit facility. On October 24, 2007, CVR paid a cash dividend, to its shareholders, including approximately $5,228,000 that was ultimately distributed from CALLC II (“Goldman Sachs Funds”) and approximately $5,146,000 distributed from CALLC to the Kelso Funds. Management collectively received approximately $135,000. For 2009, 2008 and 2007, the Company purchased approximately $169,000, $1,077,000 and $25,000 of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit additives from Intercat, Inc. A director of the Company, Mr. Regis Lippert, is also the Director, President, CEO and majority shareholder of Intercat, Inc. (18) Business Segments The Company measures segment profit as operating income for Petroleum and Nitrogen Fertilizer, CVR’s two reporting segments, based on the definitions provided in ASC 280 — Segment Reporting. All operations of the segments are located within the United States. 131 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Petroleum Principal products of the Petroleum Segment are refined fuels, propane, and petroleum refining by-products including pet coke. The Petroleum Segment sells pet coke to the Partnership for use in the manufacture of nitrogen fertilizer at the adjacent nitrogen fertilizer plant. For the Petroleum Segment, a per-ton transfer price is used to record intercompany sales on the part of the Petroleum Segment and corresponding intercompany cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment. The per ton transfer price paid, pursuant to the pet coke supply agreement that became effective October 24, 2007, is based on the lesser of a pet coke price derived from the price received by the fertilizer segment for UAN (subject to a UAN based price ceiling and floor) and a pet coke price index for pet coke. The intercompany transactions are eliminated in the Other Segment. Intercompany sales included in petroleum net sales were $6,133,000, $12,080,000 and $5,195,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Petroleum Segment recorded intercompany cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the hydrogen sales described below under “Nitrogen Fertilizer” of $(823,000), $8,967,000 and $17,812,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Nitrogen Fertilizer The principal product of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment is nitrogen fertilizer. Intercompany cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the pet coke transfer described above was $7,871,000, $11,084,000 and $4,528,000 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Pursuant to the feedstock agreement, the Company’s segments have the right to transfer excess hydrogen to one another. Sales of hydrogen to the Petroleum Segment have been reflected as net sales for the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment. Receipts of hydrogen from the Petroleum Segment have been reflected in cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the net sales generated from intercompany hydrogen sales were $812,000, $8,967,000 and $17,812,000, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2009, the nitrogen fertilizer segment also recognized $1,635,000 of cost of product sold related to the transfer of excess hydrogen. As these intercompany sales and cost of product sold are eliminated, there is no financial statement impact on the consolidated financial statements. 132 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Other Segment The Other Segment reflects intercompany eliminations, cash and cash equivalents, all debt related activities, income tax activities and other corporate activities that are not allocated to the operating segments. 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in thousands) 2007 Net sales Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,934,904 208,371 Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6,946) Intersegment elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,774,337 262,950 — (21,184) $2,806,203 165,856 — (5,195) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,136,329 $5,016,103 $2,966,864 Cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,514,293 42,158 Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8,756) Intersegment elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,449,422 32,574 — (20,188) $2,300,226 13,042 — (4,528) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,547,695 $4,461,808 $2,308,740 Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 141,590 84,453 Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 151,377 86,092 — $ 209,474 66,663 — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 226,043 $ 237,469 $ 276,137 Net costs associated with flood Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 614 — — 614 Depreciation and amortization Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,424 18,685 1,764 $ $ $ 6,380 27 1,456 7,863 62,690 17,987 1,500 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 84,873 $ 82,177 Goodwill Impairment Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ — — 42,806 — — $ $ $ $ $ Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ 42,806 $ 36,669 2,432 2,422 41,523 43,040 16,819 920 60,779 — — — — 133 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) 2009 Year Ended December 31, 2008 (in thousands) 2007 Operating income (loss) Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170,184 48,863 (10,861) 31,902 116,807 32 144,876 46,593 (4,906) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 208,186 $ 148,741 $ 186,563 Capital expenditures Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Nitrogen fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,018 13,389 1,366 $ 60,410 24,076 1,972 $ 261,562 6,488 543 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 48,773 $ 86,458 $ 268,593 Total assets Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,082,707 702,929 Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (171,142) Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,032,223 644,301 (66,041) $1,277,124 446,763 144,469 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,614,494 $1,610,483 $1,868,356 Goodwill Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Nitrogen Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ — $ 40,969 — 40,969 — 42,806 40,969 — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 40,969 $ 40,969 $ 83,775 (19) Major Customers and Suppliers Sales to major customers were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2009 Petroleum Customer A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14% 13% 12% 7% 3% 0% 9% 10% 10% 9% 10% 11% 35% 35% 38% Nitrogen Fertilizer Customer E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15% 13% 18% The Petroleum Segment through December 31, 2008 maintained a long-term contract with one supplier, a related party (as described in Note 17, (“Related Party Transactions”)), for the purchase of its crude oil. In connection with an agreement entered into on December 31, 2008, the Petroleum Segment obtained crude oil 134 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) from a different supplier for 2009. The crude oil purchased from this supplier is also governed by a long-term contract. Purchases contracted as a percentage of the total cost of product sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for each of the periods were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2009 Supplier A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . —% 67% 63% Supplier B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69% —% —% The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment maintains long-term contracts with one supplier. Purchases from this supplier as a percentage of direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2009 Supplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5% 5% 5% 135 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (20) Selected Quarterly Financial and Information (unaudited) Summarized quarterly financial data for December 31, 2009 and 2008. Year Ended December 31, 2009 Quarter First Second Third Fourth Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating costs and expenses: $ 609,395 Cost of product sold (exclusive of (in thousands except share data) 811,693 $ 793,304 $ $ 921,937 depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . 421,605 587,635 712,730 825,725 Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . 56,234 54,447 58,419 56,943 Selling, general and administrative (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . Net costs associated with flood . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,506 181 20,909 — Total operating costs and expenses . . . . . . . 518,435 Operating income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,960 Other income (expense): Interest expense and other financing costs. . . . Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain (loss) on derivatives, net . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on extinguishment of debt . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other income (expense) . . . . . . . . . . . Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest (11,470) 14 (36,861) — 25 (48,292) 42,668 12,007 — Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 30,661 Net earnings (loss) per share Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average common shares outstanding Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 0.36 0.36 21,772 (101) 21,107 — 684,860 108,444 (11,191) 653 (29,233) (677) 173 (40,275) 68,169 25,500 — 42,669 0.49 0.49 $ $ $ 29,165 529 21,634 — 822,477 (10,784) (10,932) 475 3,116 — 82 (7,259) (18,043) (4,604) — (13,439) (0.16) (0.16) $ $ $ (1,525) 5 21,223 — 902,371 19,566 (10,644) 575 (2,308) (1,424) 30 (13,771) 5,795 (3,668) — 9,463 0.11 0.11 $ $ $ 86,243,745 86,322,411 86,244,152 86,333,349 86,244,245 86,244,245 86,260,539 86,369,127 136 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) Year Ended December 31, 2008 Quarter First Second Third Fourth Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating costs and expenses: $ 1,223,003 Cost of product sold (exclusive of (in thousands except share data) $ 1,580,911 $ 1,512,503 $ 699,686 depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . 1,036,194 1,287,477 1,440,355 697,782 Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . . . 60,556 62,336 56,575 58,002 Selling, general and administrative (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) . . . . . . . . Net costs associated with flood . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,497 5,763 19,635 — 14,762 3,896 21,080 — (7,820) (817) 20,609 — 14,800 (979) 20,853 42,806 Total operating costs and expenses . . . . . . . 1,135,645 1,389,551 1,508,902 833,264 Operating income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,358 122,952 72,009 (133,578) Other income (expense): Interest expense and other financing costs. . . . Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain (loss) on derivatives, net . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on extinguishment of debt . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other income (expense) . . . . . . . . . . . Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest (11,298) 702 (47,871) — 179 (58,288) 29,070 6,849 — Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22,221 Net earnings per share Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average common shares outstanding Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 0.26 0.26 (9,460) 601 (79,305) — 251 (87,913) 35,039 4,051 — 30,988 0.36 0.36 $ $ $ (9,333) 257 76,706 — 428 68,058 140,067 40,411 — 99,656 1.16 1.16 $ $ $ (10,222) 1,135 175,816 (9,978) 497 157,248 23,670 12,600 — 11,070 0.13 0.13 $ $ $ 86,141,291 86,158,791 86,141,291 86,158,791 86,141,291 86,158,791 86,158,206 86,236,872 137 CVR Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (21) Subsequent Events Credit Agreement Amendment In February 2010, CRLLC launched a fourth amendment to its credit facility. Requisite approval was received by its lenders on March 11, 2010. The amendment, among other things, affords CRLLC the opportunity to issue junior lien debt, subject to certain conditions, including, but not limited to, a requirement that 100% of the proceeds are used to prepay the tranche D term loans. The amendment also affords CRLLC the opportunity to issue up to $350,000,000 of first lien debt, subject to certain conditions, including, but not limited to, a requirement that 100% of the proceeds are used to prepay all of the remaining tranche D term loans. The amendment provides financial flexibility to CRLLC through modifications to its financial covenants over the next four quarters and, if the initial issuance of junior lien debt occurs prior to March 31, 2011, the total leverage ratio becomes a first-lien only test and the interest coverage ratio is further modified. Additionally, the amendment permits CRLLC to re-invest up to $15,000,000 of asset sale proceeds each year, so long as such proceeds are re-invested within twelve months of receipt (eighteen months if a binding agreement is entered into within twelve months). CRLLC will pay an upfront fee in an amount to equal 0.75% of the aggregate of the approving lenders’ loans and commitments outstanding as of March 11, 2010. Additionally, consenting lenders will also be paid an additional 0.25% consent fee on each of July 1, 2010, October 1, 2010 and January 1, 2011, if an initial issuance of junior lien debt is not completed by each of those respective dates. Additionally, CRLLC will pay a fee of $900,000 in the first quarter of 2010 to a subsidiary of GS in connection with their services as lead bookrunner related to the amendment. 138 Item 8. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 8A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of December 31, 2009, we have evaluated, under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon and as of the date of that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2009 that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Management’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. We are responsible for estab- lishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of management, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2009. Our independent registered public accounting firm, that audited the consolidated financial statements included herein under Item 7, has issued a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This report can be found under Item 7. Item 8B. Other Information None. PART III Item 9. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Information required by this Item regarding our directors, executive officers and corporate governance is included under the captions “Corporate Governance,” “Proposal 1 — Election of Directors,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and “Stockholder Proposals” contained in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of our stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC, and this information is incorporated herein by reference. Item 10. Executive Compensation Information about executive and director compensation is included under the captions “Corporate Governance — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Proposal 1 — Election of Directors,” “Director Compensation for 2009,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Compensation of Executive Officers” contained in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of our stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC prior to April 30, 2010 and this information is incorporated herein by reference. 139 Item 11. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Information about security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is included under the captions “Compensation of Executive Officers — Equity Compensation Plan Information” and “Securities Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Officers and Directors” contained in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of our stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC. Item 12. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Information about related party transactions between CVR Energy (and its predecessors) and its directors, executive officers and 5% stockholders that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2009 is included under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and “Corporate Governance — The “Controlled Company” Exemption and Director Independence — Director Independence” contained in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of our stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC prior to April 30, 2010, and this information is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Information about principal accounting fees and services is included under the captions “Proposal 2 — Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Fees Paid to the Indepen- dent Registered Public Accounting Firm” contained in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of our stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC prior to April 30, 2010, and this information is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a)(1) Financial Statements PART IV See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” Contained in Part II, Item 7 of this Report. (a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted. (a)(3) Exhibits Exhibit Number Exhibit Title 3.1** 3.2** 4.1** 10.1** Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of CVR Energy, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference). Amended and Restated Bylaws of CVR Energy, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference). Specimen Common Stock Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of December 28, 2006, among Coffeyville Resources, LLC and the other parties thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). 140 Exhibit Number 10.1.1** 10.1.2** 10.1.3** 10.2** 10.3†** 10.4†** 10.4.1** 10.5†** 10.5.1†** 10.5.2** 10.6†** Exhibit Title First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2007, among Coffeyville Resources, LLC and the other parties thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated December 22, 2008 between Coffeyville Resources, LLC and the other parties thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 23, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference). Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated October 2, 2009, among Coffeyville Resources, LLC and the other parties thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 5, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference). Amended and Restated First Lien Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of December 28, 2006, among Coffeyville Resources, LLC, CL JV Holdings, LLC, Coffeyville Pipeline, Inc., Coffeyville Refining and Marketing, Inc., Coffeyville Nitrogen Fertilizers, Inc., Coffeyville Crude Transportation, Inc., Coffeyville Terminal, Inc., Coffeyville Resources Pipeline, LLC, Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, Coffeyville Resources Crude Transportation, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Terminal, LLC, as grantors, and Credit Suisse, as collateral agent (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). License Agreement For Use of the Texaco Gasification Process, Texaco Hydrogen Generation Process, and Texaco Gasification Power Systems, dated as of May 30, 1997 by and between Texaco Development Corporation and Farmland Industries, Inc., as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). Amended and Restated On-Site Product Supply Agreement dated as of June 1, 2005, between Linde, Inc. (f/k/a The BOC Group, Inc.) and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). First Amendment to Amended and Restated On-Site Product Supply Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2008, between Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC and Linde, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Crude Oil Supply Agreement dated December 2, 2008 between Vitol Inc. and Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). First Amendment to Crude Oil Supply Agreement dated January 1, 2009 between Vitol Inc. and Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.6.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Second Amendment to Crude Oil Supply Agreement dated July 7, 2009 between Vitol Inc. and Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein). Pipeline Construction, Operation and Transportation Commitment Agreement, dated February 11, 2004, as amended, between Plains Pipeline, L.P. and Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). 141 Exhibit Number 10.7** 10.8** 10.9** 10.10** 10.11** 10.12** 10.13** 10.14** 10.14.1** 10.14.2** 10.15** 10.15.1** 10.16** Exhibit Title Electric Services Agreement dated January 13, 2004, between Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC and the City of Coffeyville, Kansas (filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). Stockholders Agreement of CVR Energy, Inc., dated as of October 16, 2007, by and among CVR Energy, Inc., Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 16, 2007, by and among CVR Energy, Inc., Coffeyville Acquisition LLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Management Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2007, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and John J. Lipinski (filed as Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of CVR Partners, LP, dated as of October 24, 2007, by and among CVR GP, LLC and Coffeyville Resources, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference). Coke Supply Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2007, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference). Cross Easement Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2007, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Environmental Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2007, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Supplement to Environmental Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2008, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining and Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.17.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Second Supplement to Environmental Agreement, dated as of July 23, 2008, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining and Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Feedstock and Shared Services Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2007, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Amendment to Feedstock and Shared Services Agreement, dated July 24, 2009, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein). Raw Water and Facilities Sharing Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2007, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). 142 Exhibit Number Exhibit Title 10.17** 10.18** 10.19** Services Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2007, by and among CVR Partners, LP, CVR GP, LLC, CVR Special GP, LLC, and CVR Energy, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Omnibus Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2007 by and among CVR Energy, Inc., CVR GP, LLC, CVR Special GP, LLC and CVR Partners, LP (filed as Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2007, by and among CVR Partners, LP, CVR Special GP, LLC and Coffeyville Resources, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2008, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and John J. Lipinski (filed as Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2007, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Stanley A. Riemann (filed as Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Employment Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2009, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Edward Morgan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein). 10.22.1**++ Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, by and between CVR Energy, 10.21**++ 10.22**++ 10.20**++ 10.23**++ 10.24**++ 10.25**++ 10.26**++ 10.27**++ Inc. and Edward Morgan (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2007, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Edmund S. Gross (filed as Exhibit 10.46 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2007, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Robert W. Haugen (filed as Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2007, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Wyatt E. Jernigan (filed as Exhibit 10.44 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2007, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Kevan A. Vick (filed as Exhibit 10.43 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Employment Agreement, dated as of October 23, 2007, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Daniel J. Daly, Jr. (filed as Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). 10.27.1**++ First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2007, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Daniel J. Daly, Jr. (filed as Exhibit 10.27.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). 10.27.2**++ Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of August 17, 2009, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and Daniel J. Daly, Jr. (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein). 143 Exhibit Number 10.28*++ Amended and Restated CVR Energy, Inc. 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan, dated as of December 18, 2009. Exhibit Title 10.28.1**++ Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.33.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). 10.28.2**++ Form of Director Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.33.2 to the Company’s 10.28.3*++ 10.28.4*++ 10.29*++ 10.30*++ 10.31* 10.32* 10.33** 10.34** 10.35**++ 10.36**++ 10.37** 12.1* 21.1* 23.1* 31.1* 31.2* 32.1* Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-137588 and incorporated herein by reference). Form of Director Restricted Stock Agreement. Form of Restricted Stock Agreement. Amended and Restated Coffeyville Resources, LLC Phantom Unit Appreciation Plan (Plan I), dated as of November 9, 2009. Amended and Restated Coffeyville Resources, LLC Phantom Unit Appreciation Plan (Plan II), dated as of November 9, 2009. Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Coffeyville Acquisition LLC, dated as of November 9, 2009. Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC, dated as of November 9, 2009. Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Coffeyville Acquisition III LLC, dated as of February 15, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.41 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein). Consulting Agreement, dated May 2, 2008, by and between General Wesley Clark and CVR Energy, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Separation Agreement dated January 23, 2009 between James T. Rens, CVR Energy, Inc. and Coffeyville Resources, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.47 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). LLC Unit Agreement dated January 23, 2009 between Coffeyville Acquisition, LLC, Coffeyville Acquisition II, LLC, Coffeyville Acquisition III, LLC and James T. Rens (filed as Exhibit 10.48 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Form of Indemnification Agreement between CVR Energy, Inc. and each of its directors and officers (filed as Exhibit 10.49 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein). Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges is attached hereto as Exhibit 12.1. List of Subsidiaries of CVR Energy, Inc. Consent of KPMG LLP. Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer. Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer. Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. * Filed herewith. ** Previously filed. † Certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted and separately filed with the SEC pursuant to a request for confidential treatment which has been granted by the SEC. ++ Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Report pursuant to Item 14(a)(3) of this Report. 144 PLEASE NOTE: Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we have filed or incorporated by reference the agreements referenced above as exhibits to this annual report on Form 10-K. The agreements have been filed to provide investors with information regarding their respective terms. The agreements are not intended to provide any other factual information about the Company or its business or operations. In particular, the assertions embodied in any representations, warranties and covenants contained in the agreements may be subject to qualifications with respect to knowledge and materiality different from those applicable to investors and may be qualified by information in confidential disclosure schedules not included with the exhibits. These disclosure schedules may contain information that modifies, qualifies and creates exceptions to the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the agreements. Moreover, certain representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements may have been used for the purpose of allocating risk between the parties, rather than establishing matters as facts. In addition, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may have changed after the date of the respective agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in the Company’s public disclosures. Accordingly, investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements as characterizations of the actual state of facts about the Company or its business or operations on the date hereof. 145 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES CVR Energy, Inc. By: /s/ JOHN J. LIPINSKI Name: Title: John J. Lipinski Chief Executive Officer Date: March 12, 2010 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report had been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacity and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ JOHN J. LIPINSKI John J. Lipinski /s/ EDWARD MORGAN Edward Morgan /s/ C. SCOTT HOBBS C. Scott Hobbs /s/ SCOTT L. LEBOVITZ Scott L. Lebovitz /s/ REGIS B. LIPPERT Regis B. Lippert /s/ GEORGE E. MATELICH George E. Matelich /s/ STEVE A. NORDAKER Steve A. Nordaker /s/ STANLEY DE J. OSBORNE Stanley de J. Osborne /s/ KENNETH A. PONTARELLI Kenneth A. Pontarelli /s/ MARK E. TOMKINS Mark E. Tomkins Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer) March 12, 2010 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) March 12, 2010 Director March 12, 2010 Director March 12, 2010 Director March 12, 2010 Director March 12, 2010 Director March 12, 2010 Director March 12, 2010 Director March 12, 2010 Director March 12, 2010 146 CORPORATE CORPORATE INFORMATION ExExEEcutcutIIvvEE O OFFFFIIccERERss John J. Lipinski Kevan A. vick Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer Executive Vice President and Fertilizer General Manager George E. Matelich Managing Director of Kelso & Company stanley A. Riemann Chief Operating Officer Edward A. Morgan Chief Financial Officer Daniel J. Daly, Jr. Executive Vice President, Strategy Edmund s. Gross Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Robert W. Haugen Executive Vice President, Refining Operations christopher G. swanberg steve A. Nordaker Vice President, Environmental, Health and Safety Senior Vice President, Finance, Energy Capital Group Holdings, LLC DDIREIREctctORORss John J. Lipinski Chairman, President and CEO of CVR Energy, Inc. c. scott Hobbs Managing Member, Energy Capital Advisors, LLC scott L. Lebovitz Managing Director of Goldman, Sachs & Co. stanley de J. Osborne Managing Director of Kelso & Company Kenneth A. Pontarelli Partner, Managing Director of Goldman, Sachs & Co. t Mark E. tomkins tomkins Former Chief Financial Officer of Innovene, Vulcan Materials Company and Chemtura Wyatt E. Jernigan Executive Vice President, Crude Oil Acquisition and Petroleum Marketing Regis B. Lippert President and CEO of Intercat, Inc. Our selected financial information, management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, a description of our business, information relating to our industry segments, and information regarding the market price of and dividends on our common equity and related shareholder matters are included in our Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2009, which is attached to this annual report. cORPORA cORPORA EE O OFFFFIIccEEss cORPORA cORPORAt cORPORA cORPORAtt CVR Energy, Inc. 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500 Sugar Land, Texas 77479 Additional copies of CVR Energy’s annual report on Form 10-K, which is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), are available upon request and may be obtained by writing to Investor Relations at the Corporate Offices. In addition, all company filings with the SEC, including the 10-K, may be accessed via the Internet at www.CVREnergy.com. ssttOOccKK E ExcxcHAHANGENGE L LIIststININGG CVR Energy, Inc.’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CVI. AuAuDIDIttORORss KPMG LLP Kansas City, Mo. m o c . n g i s e d n o s x o r c . w w w , n g i s e D N O S X O R C : n g i s e D ssttOOccKK tRtRANANssFEFERR A AGEGENNt t ANANDD R REGEGIIststRARARR American Stock Transfer & Trust Company 59 Maiden Lane New York, N.Y. 10038 1-800-937-5449 www.amstock.com Correspondence or questions concerning share holdings, transfers, lost certificates, dividends, or address or registration changes should be directed to American Stock Transfer & Trust Company. AANNNNuuALAL M MEEEEttININGG The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of CVR Energy, Inc. will be held at 10 a.m. on May 19, 2010 at the Marriott Town Square Hotel, 16090 City Walk, Sugar Land, Texas. CVR ENERGY, INC. 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500 Sugar Land, Texas 77479 C o m P e T i T i v e L y P o s I I t o N E d C V R E n e r g y , I n c . | 2 0 0 9 A n n u a l R e p o r t ComPeTiTiveLy PosItIoNEd CVR Energy, Inc. | 2009 Annual Report 

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