CytRX Corporation
Annual Report 2013

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549Form 10-K(Mark One)TANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013or £TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _______________ to _______________ Commission file number 0-15327CytRx Corporation(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)Delaware58-1642740(State or other jurisdiction of(I.R.S. Employerincorporation or organization)Identification No.) 11726 San Vicente Blvd, Suite 650, Los Angeles, California90049(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (310) 826-5648 ________________ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each className of exchange on which registeredCommon Stock, $0.001 par value per shareThe NASDAQ Capital MarketSeries A Junior Participating Preferred Stock Purchase Rights Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:NoneIndicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Securities Act Rule 405). Yes £ No RIndicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.Yes £ No RIndicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes R No £Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File requiredto be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period thatthe registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes R No £Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to thebest of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment tothis Form 10-K. RIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. Seethe definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):Large accelerated filer £Accelerated filer RNon-accelerated filer £Smaller reporting company £ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes £ No RBased on the closing price of the Registrant’s common stock as reported on The NASDAQ Capital Market, the aggregate market value of the Registrant'scommon stock held by non-affiliates on June 28, 2013 (the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter) wasapproximately $50 million. Shares of common stock held by directors and executive officers and any ten percent or greater stockholders and their respectiveaffiliates have been excluded from this calculation, because such stockholders may be deemed to be “affiliates” of the Registrant. This is not necessarilydeterminative of affiliate status for other purposes. The number of outstanding shares of the Registrant's common stock as of March 4, 2014 was55,564,364, exclusive of treasury shares.  CYTRX CORPORATION2013 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-KTABLE OF CONTENTS Page NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS3 PART I Item 1. BUSINESS4 Item 1A. RISK FACTORS13 Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS28 Item 2. PROPERTIES28 Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS28 Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES28 PART II Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUERPURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES29 Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA32 Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS33 Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK41 Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA41 Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIALDISCLOSURE41 Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES41 Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION41 PART III Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE42 Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION46 Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATEDSTOCKHOLDER MATTERS62 Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE64 Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES65 PART IV Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES66 SIGNATURES72  NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Some of the information contained in this Annual Report may include forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to ourresearch and development activities, business strategy, business plan, financial performance and other future events. These statements include forward-looking statements both with respect to us, specifically, and the biotechnology sector, in general. We make these statements pursuant to the safe harborprovisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that include the words “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “project,”“estimate,” “may,” “should,” “anticipate,” “will” and similar statements of a future or forward-looking nature identify forward-looking statements forpurposes of the federal securities laws or otherwise. All forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and there are or will be important factors that could cause actual results to differmaterially from those indicated in these statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to, those factors set forth in the sections entitled“Business,” “Risk Factors,” “Legal Proceedings,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Quantitativeand Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and “Controls and Procedures” in this Annual Report, all of which you should review carefully. Pleaseconsider our forward-looking statements in light of those risks as you read this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review anyforward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law. If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materializes, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may varymaterially from what we anticipate. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or individuals acting on our behalf areexpressly qualified in their entirety by this Note. INDUSTRY DATA Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this Annual Report concerning our industry, including our general expectations and marketopportunity, is based on information from our own management estimates and research, as well as from industry and general publications and research,surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information, our knowledge of our industry andassumptions based on such information and knowledge, which we believe to be reasonable. In addition, assumptions and estimates of our and our industry’sfuture performance are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described below under theheading “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause our future performance to differ materially from our assumptions and estimates. TRADEMARKS CytRx is one of our trademarks used in this Annual Report. This Annual Report also includes trademarks, trade names and service marks that are theproperty of other organizations. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this Annual Report sometimes appear without the ® and ™symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights, or that the applicableowner will not assert its rights, to these trademarks and trade names. 3 PART I Item 1. BUSINESS References in this Annual Report to the “company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to CytRx Corporation, unless otherwise indicated. COMPANY OVERVIEW We are a biopharmaceutical research and development company specializing in oncology. We currently are focused on the clinical development ofaldoxorubicin (formerly known as INNO-206), our modified version of the widely-used chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin. We recently reported top-lineefficacy results (median progression-free survival, progression-free survival at six months, overall response rates and hazard ratios) of our Phase 2b clinicaltrial with aldoxorubicin as a treatment for soft tissue sarcoma, or STS. Hazard ratios - the likelihood that the study endpoint (in this case tumor progression)will be reached during a given period - are an important measure of the reliability and uniformity of the absolute data for progression-free survival, or PFS.The trial investigated the efficacy and safety of aldoxorubicin compared with doxorubicin in subjects with first-line metastatic, locally advanced orunresectable STS. Aldoxorubicin combines the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin with a novel linker-molecule that binds specifically to albumin in theblood to allow for delivery of higher amounts of doxorubicin (3½ to 4 times) without the major dose-limiting toxicities seen with administration of doxorubicinalone. In the first quarter of 2014, we plan to initiate a pivotal Phase 3 trial of aldoxorubicin as a therapy for patients with STS whose tumors have progressedfollowing treatment with chemotherapy. The Phase 3 trial is conducted under a Special Protocol Assessment, or SPA, granted by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. The SPA means that the FDA agrees that the design and analyses proposed in the Phase 3 trial protocol are acceptable to supportregulatory approval of the product candidate with respect to effectiveness of the indication studied, and will not subsequently change its perspective on thesematters, unless previously unrecognized public or animal health concerns were to arise or we subsequently modify the protocol. Thus, if the studydemonstrates an acceptable benefit-risk profile as determined by the FDA, it would suffice as the single pivotal trial to demonstrate effectiveness and wouldsupport registration of aldoxorubicin for this indication. We have initiated Phase 2 clinical trials with aldoxorubicin in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (brain cancer) and in patients with AIDS-relatedKaposi’s sarcoma. We also have completed a Phase 1b study of aldoxorubicin in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced solid tumors and aPhase 1b pharmacokinetics clinical trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. We are planning to conduct a Phase 2b clinical trial with aldoxorubicin inpatients with small cell lung cancer who have relapsed after primary chemotherapy. We plan to expand our pipeline of oncology candidates based on a linker platform technology that can be utilized with multiple chemotherapeutic agentsand may allow for greater concentration of drug at tumor sites. We also have rights to two additional drug candidates, tamibarotene and bafetinib. Wecompleted our evaluation of bafetinib in the ENABLE Phase 2 clinical trial in high-risk B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and are seeking a partner forany further development of bafetinib. We ceased our Phase 2b clinical trial of tamibarotene in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after it failed to showefficacy. We are a Delaware corporation, incorporated in 1985. Our corporate offices are located at 11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650, Los Angeles,California 90049, and our telephone number is (310) 826-5648. 4 OUR PRODUCT CANDIDATE PIPELINE The following table summarizes our product candidates and their current or impending stages of development: TechnologyProduct candidateIndication(s)Stage of DevelopmentDoxorubicin conjugateAldoxorubicinSoft Tissue SarcomaPhase 3 1Q14 Phase 2b ongoing Glioblastoma MultiformePhase 2 ongoing Kaposi’s SarcomaPhase 2 ongoing Small-Cell Lung CancerPre-Phase 2bOUR CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS Our current clinical development programs are discussed below. Aldoxorubicin Aldoxorubicin is a conjugate of the commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin that binds to circulating albumin in the bloodstream and isconcentrated at the site of tumors. Specifically, it is comprised of (6-Maleimidocaproyl) hydrazine, an acid-sensitive molecule that is conjugated todoxorubicin. In the first quarter of 2014, we plan to initiate under an SPA granted by the FDA a pivotal Phase 3 trial of aldoxorubicin as a therapy for patientswith STS whose tumors have progressed following treatment with chemotherapy. Aldoxorubicin for the Treatment of Cancer. Anthracyclines are a class of drugs that are among the most commonly used agents in the treatment ofcancer. Doxorubicin, the first anthracycline to gain FDA approval, has demonstrated efficacy in a wide variety of cancers, including breast cancer, lungcancer, ovarian cancer, sarcomas, and lymphomas. However, due to the uptake of doxorubicin by various parts of the body, it is associated with side effectssuch as cumulative cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression (decreased production of blood cells by bone marrow), gastrointestinal disorders, mucositis(inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the mouth and digestive tract), stomatitis (inflammation of soft tissue of the mouth), and necrotizingextravasation (damage due to the leakage of intravenous drugs from the vein into the surrounding tissue). We believe aldoxorubicin has attributes that may improve on doxorubicin, alone, which we sometimes refer to as native doxorubicin, including thepotential to increase the total doxorubicin dose, reduce several of the adverse events associated with native doxorubicin, achieve increased drug concentration attumor sites and improve efficacy. Our postulated mechanism of action for aldoxorubicin is as follows: ·after administration, aldoxorubicin rapidly binds circulating albumin through the EMCH linker; ·circulating albumin preferentially accumulates in tumors, bypassing concentration in other non-tumor sites, including the heart, liver andgastrointestinal tract due to a mechanism called “Enhanced Permeability and Retention by Solid Tumors”; ·once albumin-bound aldoxorubicin is taken up by the tumor, the acidic environment within the tumor and in the cancer cells themselves causescleavage of the acid-sensitive linker; and ·free doxorubicin is then released in the tumor. Pre-clinical data. In a variety of preclinical models, aldoxorubicin was superior to doxorubicin at equitoxic doses in its ability to allow an increase in thetotal doxorubicin dose, its antitumor efficacy and its safety, including a reduction in cardiotoxicity. Animal studies conducted by aldoxorubicin inventor Dr.Felix Kratz, Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Research, at the Tumor Biology Center in Freiburg, Germany, demonstrated statistically significantefficacy compared to both placebo and native doxorubicin against breast, ovarian, pancreatic and small cell lung cancers growing in immunodeficient mice. 5 We also recently announced additional data from a study of aldoxorubicin in immunodeficient mice transplanted with human glioblastoma cells in theirbrain that showed those animals treated with aldoxorubicin had a median survival rate of more than 63 days, compared with approximately 25 days foranimals treated with doxorubicin or saline. The data also indicated evidence of drug concentration inside tumors growing in the brain, but not in normal braintissue, and significant tumor regression in aldoxorubicin-treated animals, while doxorubicin did not appear to enter the tumor or brain to any significant degreeand showed little or no efficacy in the progression of these brain tumors. Aldoxorubicin significantly reduced the number of dividing cells within the braintumors in this trial and showed a statistically relevant increased expression of apoptosis or cell death markers. Clinical data. A Phase 1 study of aldoxorubicin that demonstrated safety and objective clinical responses in several tumor types was completed in 2005and presented at the March 2006 Krebskongress meeting in Berlin, Germany. In this study, doses were administered every three weeks at up to six times thestandard dose of doxorubicin without an increase in the types of side effects compared with those historically observed with native doxorubicin. Of 35evaluable patients, 23 had either an objective clinical (partial) response or stable disease. Objective clinical responses were observed in patients with STS,breast and small cell lung cancers. We completed a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial with aldoxorubicin in patients with advanced solid tumors who had either relapsed or failed to respond to theirprior chemotherapy and presented favorable data at the American Society for Clinical Oncology Meeting in June 2012. In that Phase 1b/2 clinical trial, clinicalbenefit (defined as partial response or stable disease of more than four months) was shown in ten of 13 (76.9%) evaluable patients with relapsed or refractorySTS. The median number of cycles of aldoxorubicin administered at the maximum tolerable dose was eight. In addition, best responses for the 13 evaluable STS trial subjects included the following: five (38.5%) achieved partial response, as defined as shrinkageof target tumors of more than 30%; seven (53.8%) showed prolonged stable disease (defined as tumor shrinkage <30% from baseline or tumor growth <20%from the nadir); eight (61.5%) had tumor shrinkage; and five of eight patients (62.5%) who demonstrated either partial responses or prolonged stable diseaseafter treatment with aldoxorubicin had been previously treated with doxorubicin and had failed to respond. There were no observed cardiac toxicities and nodrug-related patient deaths. The most common adverse event, neutropenia, also observed with doxorubicin treatment, resolved prior to the start of the nexttreatment. An updated median estimated PFS for advanced STS patients in the trial was approximately 17.7 months with a range of 0.33 to more than 20.6months. In connection with our Phase 1b pharmacokinetics clinical trial evaluating the pharmacokinetics and safety of aldoxorubicin in patients with metastaticsolid tumors who have either relapsed or not responded to treatment with standard therapies, we announced data demonstrating that aldoxorubicin has adistribution half-life of approximately 20 to 24 hours, with a narrow volume of distribution to healthy tissue and slow clearance from the circulation. Thesecharacteristics distinguish aldoxorubicin from doxorubicin, which has a distribution half-life of about five minutes according to its package insert. In December 2011, we initiated our Phase 2b clinical trial to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and safety of aldoxorubicin as a first-line therapy in patientswith advanced STS who are ineligible for surgery. The Phase 2b clinical trial provided the first direct clinical trial comparison of aldoxorubicin and nativedoxorubicin, which is dose-limited due to toxicity, as a first-line therapy. The Phase 2b clinical trial with aldoxorubicin in patients with STS is an international trial in 31 treatment centers under the direction of Sant P. Chawla,M.D., F.R.A.C.P., Director of the Sarcoma Oncology Center in Santa Monica, California. The Phase 2b clinical trial’s primary objectives are to measure thePFS, tumor response and overall survival of patients with advanced STS treated with aldoxorubicin. This clinical trial also will assess the safety ofaldoxorubicin compared to doxorubicin in this patient population through a number of indicators, including the frequency and severity of adverse events. In our 123-subject clinical trial, subjects with advanced STS were administered either 350 mg/m2of aldoxorubicin (83 subjects) or 75 mg/m2 ofdoxorubicin (40 subjects) every three weeks for up to six cycles. Subjects were followed every six weeks with CT scans to monitor tumor size. The primaryendpoint was PFS as determined by a blinded radiology review performed at an independent central radiology laboratory. Secondary endpoints included overallresponse rates (complete and partial) and PFS at six months for each group, and overall survival, which will be reported when the clinical trial is complete. 6 The central radiology review, as well as the investigators’ own assessments, showed an 80% to 100% improvement in PFS among patients treated withaldoxorubicin. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the investigator-assessed median PFS was 8.4 months for aldoxorubicin patients versus 4.7 months fordoxorubicin patients (p=0.0002), while the blinded central radiology review indicated that median PFS for aldoxorubicin patients was 5.7 months versus 2.8months for doxorubicin patients (p=0.018). Per investigators, 67.1% of aldoxorubicin patients had not progressed at six months, compared with 36.1% ofdoxorubicin-treated patients (p=0.008). By blinded central radiology review, 46.8% of aldoxorubicin patients had not progressed at six months, compared with23.7% of doxorubicin patients (p=0.038). The overall response rate as determined by the investigators was 24.0% for aldoxorubicin subjects (2.7% complete response and 21.3% partial response)versus 5.3% for doxorubicin subjects (0% complete response and 5.3% partial response). As assessed by blinded central radiology review, 23.0% ofaldoxorubicin subjects had a partial response while none of the doxorubicin subjects exhibited any objective response. Additional analysis determined hazard ratios for the primary endpoint of PFS by both investigators at study sites and by the blinded radiology review.The hazard ratio for investigator-read scans is 0.37 (95% confidence interval, range of 0.212 to 0.643) (p=0.0004), reflecting a 63% reduction in the risk ofdisease progression; and the hazard ratio for central lab scans is 0.586 (95% confidence interval, range of 0.358 to 0.960) (p=0.034), reflecting a 41%reduction in the risk of disease progression. Hazard ratios are an important measure of the reliability and uniformity of the data for PFS, and where the upperlimit is less than one indicates that there is a significant difference between the two study groups. We also reported that a Kaplan-Meier analysis of the trial results, which analysis describes the time it takes for tumors to progress in individual patients,showed significant improvement in subjects treated with aldoxorubicin versus subjects treated with doxorubicin. We expect to present full study results for thisclinical trial later this year. In the Phase 2b clinical trial, aldoxorubicin was found to be relatively safe and well-tolerated. Subjects treated with aldoxorubicin had an approximatelytwo-fold increase in severe neutropenia compared with doxorubicin-treated subjects, but there was no difference in the incidence of febrile neutropenia(indicating an infection may be present) between the two groups. All adverse events in subjects treated with aldoxorubicin were consistent with the known sideeffects of doxorubicin, usually resolved before the administration of the next dose and did not require treatment discontinuation. There were no treatment-relateddeaths in the aldoxorubicin group. In the first quarter of 2014, we plan to initiate under an SPA granted by the FDA a pivotal Phase 3 trial of aldoxorubicin as a therapy for patients withSTS whose tumors have progressed following treatment with chemotherapy. The Phase 3 clinical trial’s primary endpoint will be PFS. The trial also willassess overall survival, objective tumor response and safety. We expect to enroll approximately 400 patients in the trial. We have begun patient dosing in a Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and safety of aldoxorubicin in patients with unresectableglioblastoma whose tumors have progressed following prior treatment with surgery, radiation and with the drug temozolomide. The clinical trial is expected toeventually enroll approximately 28 patients at sites including the John Wayne Cancer Center in Santa Monica, California, City of Hope in Duarte, California,and the LSU Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana. We have initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating the preliminary efficacy of aldoxorubicin in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, a tumorusually associated with HIV infection in the U.S. The current standard-of-care for severe dermatological and systemic Kaposi’s sarcoma is liposomaldoxorubicin (Doxil); however, a significant proportion of patients exhibit minimal or no clinical response to this agent, and the drug’s toxicity often preventscontinued therapy. The Phase 2 trial will enroll up to 30 patients and is being conducted at the LSU Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 2012, we completed a Phase 2 trial for patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas who had relapsed or failed to respond to two priorregimens, one regimen containing gemcitabine (Gemzar) and the other a fluoropyrimidine such as 5-fluorouracil. No objective clinical responses were observedin 14 patients treated with native aldoxorubicin, and we are considering testing the aldoxorubicin in combination with the commonly-prescribed drug Abraxaneas a second-line treatment in that indication. 7 Bafetinib Bafetinib (formerly INNO-406) is an orally bioavailable, rationally-designed inhibitor of several Src kinases developed by the Japanese pharmaceuticalcompany, Nippon Shinyaku, to overcome some of the limitations of Gleevec and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors in resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia.Bafetinib is a potent and specific inhibitor of Lyn and Fyn kinases. These kinases are reported to be involved in both solid and hematological cancers. Lynkinase’s involvement in the B-cell signaling pathway led us to evaluate bafetinib in B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We hold rightsto bafetinib in all territories, except in Japan. We plan to seek a partner for any further development of bafetinib in order to focus our resources on the development of aldoxorubicin. Tamibarotene Tamibarotene is an orally available, synthetic retinoid, rationally designed to overcome resistance and reduce the toxic side effects of differentiationtherapy with all-trans retinoic acid, a component of the current first-line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia, or APL. In May, 2013, we ceased our Phase 2b clinical trial of tamibarotene in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after it failed to show efficacy. Disposition of Molecular Chaperone Assets Until 2011, we owned the rights to two drug candidates, arimoclomol and iroxanadine, based on molecular chaperone regulation technology that weredesigned to repair or degrade mis-folded proteins associated with disease. On May 13, 2011, we sold all pre-clinical and clinical data, intellectual propertyrights and other assets relating to those compounds to Orphazyme ApS in exchange for a cash payment of $150,000 and the right to receive various futurepayments that are contingent upon the achievement of specified regulatory and business milestones, as well as royalty payments based on a specifiedpercentage of any eventual net sales of products derived from the assets. Innovive Acquisition Agreement On September 19, 2008, we completed our merger acquisition of Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Innovive, and its clinical-stage cancer productcandidates, including aldoxorubicin and tamibarotene. Under the merger agreement by which we acquired Innovive, we agreed to pay the former Innovivestockholders up to approximately $18.3 million of future earnout merger consideration, subject to our achievement of specified net sales under the Innovivelicense agreements. The earnout merger consideration, if any, will be payable in shares of our common stock, subject to specified conditions, or, at ourelection, in cash or by a combination of shares of our common stock and cash. Our common stock will be valued for purposes of any future earnout mergerconsideration based upon the trading price of our common stock at the time the earnout merger consideration is paid. The earnout will be accrued when earned. Research and Development Expenditures for research and development activities related to continuing operations were $17.5 million, $12.7 million and $15.5 million for the yearsended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, or approximately 63%, 60% and 67%, respectively, of our total expenses. For further informationregarding our research and development activities, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” below. Manufacturing We do not have the facilities or expertise to manufacture supplies of aldoxorubicin or any of our other product candidates, and we lack the resources andcapability to manufacture any of our product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. Accordingly, we are dependent upon third-party manufactures, orpotential future strategic alliance partners, to manufacture these supplies. We have manufacturing supply arrangements in place with respect to a portion of theclinical supplies needed for the clinical development programs for aldoxorubicin. However, we have no supply arrangements for the commercial manufactureof aldoxorubicin or any manufacturing supply arrangements for any other potential product candidates, and we may not be able to secure needed supplyarrangements on attractive terms, or at all. Our failure to secure these arrangements as needed could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to completethe development of our products or to commercialize them. 8 Marketing Our tentative plan is to establish our own sales force and marketing capability in order to commercialize aldoxorubicin in the U.S. and to seek amarketing partner for commercialization in other territories. Patents and Proprietary Technology We actively seek patent protection for our technologies, processes, uses, and ongoing improvements and consider our patents and other intellectualproperty to be critical to our business. We regularly evaluate the patentability of new inventions and improvements developed by us or our collaborators, and,whenever appropriate, will endeavor to file U.S. and international patent applications to protect these new inventions and improvements. We cannot be certainthat any of the current pending patent applications we have filed or licensed, or any new patent applications we may file or license, will ever be issued in theU.S. or any other country. There also is no assurance that any issued patents will be effective to prevent others from using our products or processes. It is alsopossible that any patents issued to us, as well as those we have licensed or may license in the future, may be held invalid or unenforceable by a court, or thirdparties could obtain patents that we would need to either license or to design around, which we may be unable to do. Current and future competitors may havelicensed or filed patent applications or received patents, and may acquire additional patents and proprietary rights relating to compounds, products orprocesses that may be competitive with ours. In addition to patent protection, we attempt to protect our proprietary products, processes and other information by relying on trade secrets and non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants and certain other persons who have access to such products, processes and information. Under theagreements, all inventions conceived by employees are our exclusive property, but there is no assurance that these agreements will afford significant protectionagainst misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets and confidential information. As of March 4, 2014, we held rights in three granted U.S. patents, 53 granted foreign patents, three pending U.S. applications, and seven pending foreignpatent applications covering aldoxorubicin and related technologies. Our intellectual property holdings relating to aldoxorubicin and related technologies includean exclusive license from KTB Tumorforschungs GmbH to U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications. Patents and applications that coverpharmaceutical compositions of aldoxorubicin, processes for their production, and their use in treatment methods (e.g., cancer, viral diseases, autoimmunediseases, and acute or chronic inflammatory diseases) have an unextended patent term until between June 2020 and December 2034. As of March 4, 2014, our exclusive license from Nippon Shinyaku to bafetinib and related technologies included two granted U.S., 30 granted foreignpatents applications, and three pending foreign applications. Patents and applications that cover bafetinib, pharmaceutical compositions of bafetinib, and theiruse in treating leukemia have an unextended patent term until between 2020 and June 2023 or December 2024. LICENSE AGREEMENTS Aldoxorubicin We have an agreement with KTB Tumorforschungs GmbH, or KTB, for the license of patent rights held by KTB for the worldwide development andcommercialization of aldoxorubicin. The license is exclusive and worldwide, applies to all products that may be subject to the licensed intellectual property andmay be used in all fields of use. We may sublicense the intellectual property in our sole discretion. The agreement also grants us an option to include within thelicense any technology that is claimed or disclosed in the licensed patents and patent applications for use in the field of oncology and the right of first refusalon any license that KTB wishes to make to a third party regarding any technology that is claimed or disclosed in the licensed patents and patent applicationsfor use in the field of oncology. 9 Under the agreement, we must make payments to KTB in the aggregate of up to $7.5 million upon meeting clinical and regulatory milestones, and up toand including the product’s second final marketing approval. We also agreed to pay: ·commercially reasonable royalties based on a percentage of net sales (as defined in the agreement); ·a percentage of any non-royalty sub-licensing income (as defined in the agreement); and ·milestones of $1 million for each additional final marketing approval that we obtain. In the event that we must pay a third party in order to exercise our rights to the intellectual property under the agreement, we are entitled to deduct apercentage of those payments from the royalties due KTB, up to an agreed upon cap. Under the agreement with KTB, we must use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct the research and development activities we determine arenecessary to obtain regulatory approval to market aldoxorubicin in those countries that we determine are commercially feasible. Under the agreement, KTB isto use its commercially reasonable efforts to provide us with access to suppliers of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, of aldoxorubicin, on the sameterms and conditions as may be provided to KTB by those suppliers. The agreement will expire on a product-by-product basis upon the expiration of the subject patent rights. We have the right to terminate the agreement on 30days notice, provided we pay a cash penalty to KTB. KTB may terminate the agreement if we are in breach and the breach is not cured within a specified cureperiod, or if we fail to use diligent and commercial efforts to meet specified clinical milestones. Bafetinib We are party to an exclusive, worldwide (with the exception of Japan) royalty-bearing license agreement with Nippon Shinyaku, including the right togrant sublicenses, for the intellectual property relating to bafetinib in all fields. The license agreement will continue so long as we sell products subject to thelicense in any country. The bafetinib license covers two Patent Cooperation Treaty, or PTC, applications filed in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Under the agreement, we are obliged to pay Nippon Shinyaku an aggregate of $13.35 million (including $5 million upon the product’s initial finalmarketing approval) upon the achievement of clinical and regulatory milestones up to and including approvals in the U.S. and Europe. We also will be obligedto pay: ·commercially reasonable royalties based on a percentage of net sales (as defined in the Nippon Shinyaku license agreement), dependent on reachingcertain revenue thresholds; ·annual minimum payments if sales of bafetinib do not meet specified levels; and ·a percentage of any non-royalty sub-licensing income (as defined in the license agreement). The agreement includes covenants that require us to, among other things, file a new drug application, or NDA, by a specific future date and use ourcommercially reasonable efforts to bring a licensed product to market. In the event that we breach a material term of the Nippon Shinyaku license agreement,Nippon Shinyaku has the option to terminate the agreement following notice to us and an opportunity to cure such breach. Competition Aldoxorubicin is a conjugate of doxorubicin, a widely used anti-cancer drug. Doxorubicin is part of the anthracycline class of chemotherapy agents.Anthracyclines, many of which, including doxorubicin are generic, have been used throughout the world to treat various cancers for several decades. Due totheir track record of broad anti-cancer activity, new types of anthracyclines and modified or reformulated versions continue to be developed to overcometoxicities which limit the use of these drugs. 10 Aldoxorubicin is a chemically modified version of doxorubicin that incorporates an acid sensitive linker technology to improve concentration in the tumor.We believe that the albumin-binding ability of aldoxorubicin will allow the compound to overcome many of the side effect issues typically associated withanthracyclines. We also believe that using albumin as a targeted carrier will allow for higher dosing, greater concentration of the drug in tumors and greaterefficacy. STS patients are typically treated with surgery followed by radiation therapy. For patients ineligible for surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, or both, is theonly option. Doxorubicin is the only approved first-line drug for treating STS patients who are ineligible for surgery and is often used in combination withradiation. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network also includes the use of ifosfamide, epirubicin, gemcitabine, dacarbazine and liposomal doxorubicinmarketed in the United States as Doxil by Johnson & Johnson. GlaxoSmithKline’s Votrient was approved in the United States and Europe in 2012 for thetreatment of advanced STS following prior chemotherapy. There are other approaches to treating STS in late-stage clinical development, including ThreshholdPharmaceuticals’ TH-302 and trabectedin being co-developed by Johnson & Johnson and PharmaMar. Patients with glioblastoma multiforme, or GBM, generally undergo invasive brain surgery, although disease progression following surgery is nearly100%. The front-line therapy for GBM following surgery is Temozolomide (Temodar®) in combination with radiation. Bevacizumab (Avastin®) has beenapproved for the treatment of GBM in patients failing Temodar®. Drugs in development to treat GBM include rindopepimut by Celldex Therapeutics, DCVaxby Northwest Biotherapeutics, TRC105 from Tracon Pharmaceuticals, and buparlisib by Novartis. Kaposi’s sarcoma is generally treated with radiation,surgery and/or liposomal doxorubicin. Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome®, Galen US), with or without paclitaxel, is also recommended as treatment foradvanced disease. Other drugs in development for Kaposi’s sarcoma include selumetinib by AstraZeneca and pomalidamide by Celgene. Many companies, including large pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms with financial resources, research and development staffs, and facilities thatmay be substantially greater than those of ours or our strategic partners or licensees, are engaged in the research and development of pharmaceutical productsthat could compete with our potential products. To the extent that we seek to acquire, through license or otherwise, existing or potential new products, we willbe competing with numerous other companies, many of which will have substantially greater financial resources, large acquisition and research anddevelopment staffs that may give those companies a competitive advantage over us in identifying and evaluating these drug acquisition opportunities. Anyproducts that we acquire will be competing with products marketed by companies that in many cases will have substantially greater marketing resources thanwe have. The industry is characterized by rapid technological advances and competitors may develop their products more rapidly and such products may bemore effective than those currently under development or that may be developed in the future by our strategic partners or licensees. Competitive products for anumber of the disease indications that we have targeted are currently being marketed by other parties, and additional competitive products are underdevelopment and may also include products currently under development that we are not aware of or products that may be developed in the future. Government Regulation The U.S. and other developed countries extensively regulate the preclinical and clinical testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, record-keeping,advertising, promotion, export, marketing and distribution of drugs and biologic products. The FDA, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, thePublic Health Service Act and other federal statutes and regulations, regulates pharmaceutical and biologic products. To obtain approval of our product candidates from the FDA, we must, among other requirements, submit data supporting safety and efficacy for theintended indication as well as detailed information on the manufacture and composition of the product candidate. In most cases, this will require extensivelaboratory tests and preclinical and clinical trials. The collection of these data, as well as the preparation of applications for review by the FDA involvesignificant time and expense. The FDA also may require post-marketing testing to monitor the safety and efficacy of approved products or place conditions onany approvals that could restrict the therapeutic claims and commercial applications of these products. Regulatory authorities may withdraw productapprovals if we fail to comply with regulatory standards or if we encounter problems at any time following initial marketing of our products. The first stage of the FDA approval process for a new drug involves completion of preclinical studies and the submission of the results of these studies tothe FDA. These data, together with proposed clinical protocols, manufacturing information, analytical data and other information submitted to the FDA, in aninvestigational new drug application, or IND, must become effective before human clinical trials may commence. Preclinical studies generally involve FDAregulated laboratory evaluation of product characteristics and animal studies to assess the efficacy and safety of the product candidate. 11 After the IND becomes effective, a company may commence human clinical trials. These are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but thephases may overlap. Phase 1 trials consist of testing of the product candidate in a small number of patients or healthy volunteers, primarily for safety at oneor more doses. Phase 2 trials, in addition to safety, evaluate the efficacy of the product candidate in a patient population somewhat larger than Phase 1 trials.Phase 3 trials typically involve additional testing for safety and clinical efficacy in an expanded population at multiple test sites. A company must submit tothe FDA a clinical protocol, accompanied by the approval of the Institutional Review Boards at the institutions participating in the trial, prior tocommencement of each clinical trial. To obtain FDA marketing authorization, a company must submit to the FDA the results of the preclinical and clinical testing, together with, among otherthings, detailed information on the manufacture and composition of the product candidate, in the form of a new drug application, or NDA. The amount of time taken by the FDA for approval of an NDA will depend upon a number of factors, including whether the product candidate hasreceived priority review, the quality of the submission and studies presented, the potential contribution that the compound will make in improving thetreatment of the disease in question, and the workload at the FDA. The FDA may, in some cases, confer upon an investigational product the status of a fast-track product. A fast-track product is defined as a new drug orbiologic intended for the treatment of a serious or life-threatening condition that demonstrates the potential to address unmet medical needs for this condition.The FDA can base approval of an NDA for a fast-track product on an effect on a surrogate endpoint, or on another endpoint that is reasonably likely topredict clinical benefit. If a preliminary review of clinical data suggests that a fast-track product may be effective, the FDA may initiate review of entiresections of a marketing application for a fast-track product before the sponsor completes the application. We anticipate that our products will be manufactured by our strategic partners, licensees or other third parties. Before approving an NDA, the FDA willinspect the facilities at which the product is manufactured and will not approve the product unless the manufacturing facilities are in compliance with theFDA’s cGMP, which are regulations that govern the manufacture, holding and distribution of a product. Our manufacturers also will be subject to regulationunder the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, the Nuclear Energy and Radiation Control Act, the Toxic SubstanceControl Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Following approval, the FDA periodically inspects drug and biologic manufacturing facilities toensure continued compliance with the good manufacturing practices regulations. Our manufacturers will have to continue to comply with those requirements.Failure to comply with these requirements subjects the manufacturer to possible legal or regulatory action, such as suspension of manufacturing or recall orseizure of product. Adverse patient experiences with the product must be reported to the FDA and could result in the imposition of marketing restrictionsthrough labeling changes or market removal. Product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory requirements is not maintained or ifproblems concerning safety or efficacy of the product occur following approval. The labeling, advertising, promotion, marketing and distribution of a drug or biologic product also must be in compliance with FDA and Federal TradeCommission requirements which include, among others, standards and regulations for off-label promotion, industry sponsored scientific and educationalactivities, promotional activities involving the internet, and direct-to-consumer advertising. We also will be subject to a variety of federal, state and localregulations relating to the use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials, including chemicals and radioactive and biological materials. Inaddition, we will be subject to various laws and regulations governing laboratory practices and the experimental use of animals. In each of these areas, asabove, the FDA has broad regulatory and enforcement powers, including the ability to levy fines and civil penalties, suspend or delay issuance of productapprovals, seize or recall products, and deny or withdraw approvals. We will also be subject to a variety of regulations governing clinical trials and sales of our products outside the U.S. Whether or not FDA approval hasbeen obtained, approval of a product candidate by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries and regions must be obtained prior to thecommencement of marketing the product in those countries. The approval process varies from one regulatory authority to another and the time may be longeror shorter than that required for FDA approval. In the European Union, Canada and Australia, regulatory requirements and approval processes are similar, inprinciple, to those in the U.S. 12 Employees As of March 4, 2013, we had 17 employees, 8 of whom were engaged in clinical development activities and 9 of whom were involved in management andadministrative operations. Available Information We maintain a website at www.cytrx.com and make available there, free of charge, our periodic reports filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission, or SEC, as soon as is reasonably practicable after filing. The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s PublicReference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling theSEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website at http:/www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other informationregarding issuers such as us that file electronically with the SEC. Among other things, we post on our website our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Item 1A. RISK FACTORS Risks Associated With Our Business We have operated at a loss and will likely continue to operate at a loss for the foreseeable future. We have operated at a loss due to our ongoing expenditures for research and development of our product candidates and for general and administrativepurposes, and lack of significant recurring revenues. We incurred a net loss of $47.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, $18.0 million for the yearended December 31, 2012, and $14.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. We had an accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2013 of $276.4million. We are likely to continue to incur losses unless and until we are able to commercialize aldoxorubicin or one or more of our other existing or possiblefuture product candidates. These losses, among other things, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and workingcapital. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our product development efforts, we are unable to predict when we may becomeprofitable, if at all. If we do not become profitable or are unable to maintain future profitability, the market value of our common stock will be adverselyaffected. Because we have no source of significant recurring revenue, we must depend on financing to sustain our operations. Developing products and conducting clinical trials require substantial amounts of capital. To date, we have relied primarily upon proceeds from sales ofour equity securities and proceeds from the exercise of options and warrants to generate funds needed to finance our business and operations. We will need toraise additional capital to, among other things: ·fund our clinical trials and pursue regulatory approval of aldoxorubicin and our other existing and possible future product candidates; ·expand our research and development activities; ·finance our general and administrative expenses; ·acquire or license new technologies; ·prepare, file, prosecute, maintain, enforce and defend our patent and other proprietary rights; and ·develop and implement sales, marketing and distribution capabilities to successfully commercialize any product for which we obtain marketingapproval and choose to market ourselves. Our revenue was $0.3 million, $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. We will have nosignificant recurring revenue unless we are able to commercialize aldoxorubicin, our lead product candidate, or one or more of our existing or possible futureproduct candidates, which may require us to first enter into license or other strategic arrangements with third parties. 13 At December 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $11.5 million and short-term investments of $27.1 million. Managementbelieves that our current resources, which include approximately $80.5 million of net proceeds received from our underwritten public offering on February 5,2014, will be sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. The belief is based, in part, upon our currently projected expenditures for 2014 ofapproximately $39.9 million, which includes approximately $28.0 million for our clinical programs for aldoxorubicin, approximately $1.5 million for pre-clinical development of new albumin-binding cancer drugs, approximately $3.1 million for general operation of our clinical programs and approximately $7.3million for other general and administrative expenses. These projected expenditures are based upon numerous assumptions and subject to many uncertainties,and our actual expenditures may be significantly different from these projections. If we obtain marketing approval and successfully commercialize aldoxorubicin, or other product candidate, we anticipate it will take a minimum ofseveral years, and likely longer, for us to generate significant recurring revenue, and we will be dependent on future financing until such time, if ever, as wecan generate significant recurring revenue. Our ability to raise capital may be adversely affected by the continued weak economic recovery in the U.S. We haveno commitments from third parties to provide us with any additional financing, and we may not be able to obtain future financing on favorable terms, or atall. Failure to obtain adequate financing would adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. If we raise additional funds by issuing equitysecurities, dilution to stockholders may result and new investors could have rights superior to holders of the shares issued in this offering. In addition, debtfinancing, if available, may include restrictive covenants. If adequate funds are not available to us, we may have to liquidate some or all of our assets or todelay or reduce the scope of or eliminate some portion or all of our development programs or clinical trials. We also may have to license to other companies ourproduct candidates or technologies that we would prefer to develop and commercialize ourselves. If we do not achieve our projected development goals in the time frames we estimate, the commercialization of our products may be delayedand our business prospects may suffer. Our financial projections also may prove to be materially inaccurate. From time to time, we estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory and other product development goals, which wesometimes refer to as milestones. These milestones may include the commencement or completion of scientific studies and clinical trials and the submission ofregulatory filings such as the discussion in this prospectus supplement of the expected timing of certain milestones relating to our aldoxorubicin clinicaldevelopment programs. We also may disclose projected expenditures or other forecasts for future periods. These and other financial projections are based on management’s currentexpectations and do not contain any margin of error or cushion for any specific uncertainties, or for the uncertainties inherent in all financial forecasting. The actual timing of milestones and actual expenditures or other financial results can vary dramatically compared to our estimates, in some cases forreasons beyond our control. If we do not meet milestones or financial projections as announced from time to time, the development and commercialization ofour products may be delayed and our business prospects may suffer. The assumptions management has used to produce these projections may significantlychange or prove to be inaccurate. Accordingly, you should not unduly rely on any of these financial projections. The regulatory approval process is lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if our products are not successfully developedand approved by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities, we may be forced to reduce or curtail our operations. All of our product candidates in development must be approved by the FDA or corresponding foreign governmental agencies before they can be marketed.The process for obtaining FDA and foreign government approvals is both time-consuming and costly, with no certainty of a successful outcome. This processtypically includes the conduct of extensive pre-clinical and clinical testing, including post-approval testing, which may take longer or cost more than we or ourlicensees, if any, anticipate, and may prove unsuccessful due to numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities. Inaddition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a productcandidate’s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We have not obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate. 14 Numerous factors could affect the timing, cost or outcome of our product development efforts, including the following: ·difficulty in enrolling patients in conformity with required protocols or projected timelines; ·requirements for clinical trial design imposed by the FDA; ·unexpected adverse reactions by patients in trials; ·difficulty in obtaining clinical supplies of the product; ·changes in or our inability to comply with FDA or foreign governmental product testing, manufacturing or marketing requirements; ·regulatory inspections of clinical trials or manufacturing facilities, which may, among other things, require us or our manufacturers or licenseesto undertake corrective action or suspend or terminate the affected clinical trials if investigators find them not to be in compliance with applicableregulatory requirements; ·inability to generate statistically significant data confirming the safety and efficacy of the product being tested; ·modification of the product during testing; and ·reallocation of our limited financial and other resources to other clinical programs. On October 1, 2013, the U.S. federal government suspended services deemed non-essential as a result of the failure by Congress to enact regularappropriations for the 2014 fiscal year. If another similar or more prolonged shutdown were to occur, it could result in significant delays in the FDA’s ability totimely review and process any submissions we have filed or may file, or cause other regulatory delays affecting our development or commercial operations,which delays could have a material adverse effect on our business. It is possible that none of the product candidates we develop will obtain the regulatory approvals necessary for us to begin selling them. The time requiredto obtain FDA and foreign governmental approvals is unpredictable, but often can take years following the commencement of clinical trials, depending uponthe complexity of the product candidate. Any analysis we perform on data from clinical activities is subject to confirmation and interpretation by regulatoryauthorities, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. In addition, even if we were to obtain approval, regulatory authorities may approve any ofour product candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request, may not approve the price we intend to charge for our products, may grantapproval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, or may approve a product candidate with a label that does not include thelabeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm thecommercial prospects for our product candidates. Furthermore, even if we obtain regulatory approvals, the manufacturing processes, labeling, packaging, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage,import, export, advertising, promotion and recordkeeping for the product will be subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements. These requirementsinclude submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance with current goodmanufacturing practices, or cGMPs, and good clinical practices, or cGCPs, for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval. Later discovery ofpreviously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with our third-party manufacturers ormanufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in, among other things: ·restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, withdrawal of the product from the market, or voluntary or mandatory productrecalls; ·fines, warning letters or holds on clinical trials; 15 ·refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by us or our strategic partners, or suspensionor revocation of product license approvals; ·product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of products; and ·injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. The FDA’s policies may change and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of ourproduct candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action,either in the United States or abroad. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or ifwe are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained and we may not achieve or sustainprofitability, which would adversely affect our business. We will also be subject to periodic inspections and the potential for mandatory post- approval clinicaltrials required by the FDA and other U.S. and foreign regulatory authorities. Any delay or failure in obtaining required approvals or to comply with post-approval regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue from the particular product candidate. The failure tocomply with any post-approval regulatory requirements also could result in the rescission of the related regulatory approvals or the suspension of sales of theoffending product. Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials maynot be predictive of future trial results. Our current and planned clinical trials of our lead product candidate may fail to show that it is clinicallysafe and effective, or that it is better than alternative treatments. Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during theclinical trial process. The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials of our product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stageclinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressedthrough preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advancedclinical trials due to lack of efficacy or safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. For example, aldoxorubicin has shown encouragingpreliminary clinical results in our Phase 1b/2 clinical trial and in top-line PFS data from our Phase 2b clinical trial of aldoxorubicin as a treatment for STS;however, these conclusions may not be reproduced in future clinical trial results, including the final data from the Phase 2b clinical trial or the planned Phase3 clinical trial testing aldoxorubicin as a treatment for STS. Accordingly, we, or any development partners, may ultimately be unable to provide the FDA withsatisfactory data on clinical safety and efficacy sufficient to obtain FDA approval of aldoxorubicin for any indication. Further, we may experience delays in clinical trials of our product candidates. We do not know whether ongoing clinical trials will be completed onschedule or at all, or whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, need to be redesigned, enroll patients on time or be completed on schedule, if at all.Clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays related to: ·obtaining regulatory approval to commence a trial; ·reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites, the terms of which canbe subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and clinical trial sites; ·obtaining institutional review board approval at each clinical trial site; ·recruiting suitable patients to participate in a trial; ·having patients complete a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up; ·clinical trial sites deviating from trial protocol or dropping out of a trial; 16 ·adding new clinical trial sites; or ·manufacturing sufficient quantities of product candidate for use in clinical trials. Patient enrollment, a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, is affected by many factors including the size and nature of the patient population,the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the clinical trial, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs that may be approved forthe indications we are investigating. Furthermore, we rely on third parties, such as CROs and clinical trial sites, to ensure the proper and timely conduct of ourclinical trials and while we have agreements governing their committed activities, we have limited influence over their actual performance. We could encounter delays if prescribing physicians encounter unresolved ethical issues associated with enrolling patients in clinical trials of our productcandidates in lieu of prescribing existing treatments that have established safety and efficacy profiles. Further, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminatedby us, our collaborators, the institutional review boards, or IRBs, if the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, the Data Safety MonitoringBoard, or DSMB, for such trial, or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial inaccordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatoryauthorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a drug,changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. If we experience delays in thecompletion of, or termination of, any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial prospects of our product candidates will be harmed, and ourability to generate product revenues from any of these product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increaseour costs, slow down our product development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. Any of theseoccurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in thecommencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates. Our SPA with the FDA for our pivotal study of aldoxorubicin does not guarantee marketing approval in the United States. We have an SPA with the FDA for the pivotal trial of aldoxorubicin for the treatment of STS. The SPA means that the FDA agrees that the design andanalyses proposed in a protocol are acceptable to support regulatory approval of the product candidate with respect to effectiveness of the indication studied,and will not subsequently change its perspective on these matters, unless a previously unrecognized public or human health concern were to arise or wesubsequently modify the protocol. Even under an SPA, marketing approval by the FDA is not guaranteed, because a final determination that the agreed-uponprotocol satisfies a specific objective, such as the demonstration of efficacy and safety (positive benefit-risk ratio), or supports an approval decision, will bebased on a complete review of all the data submitted to the FDA. Adverse side effects or other safety risks associated with our product candidates could delay or preclude approval, cause us to suspend ordiscontinue clinical trials, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in significant negative consequences following marketingapproval, if any. Undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates could result in the delay, suspension or termination of our clinical trials by us, ourcollaborators, IRBs, the FDA or other regulatory authorities. If we elect or are required to delay, suspend or terminate any clinical trial of any productcandidates that we develop, the commercial prospects of such product candidates will be harmed and our ability to generate product revenues from any ofthese product candidates will be delayed or eliminated. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. To date, patients treated with aldoxorubicin have experienced some of the same drug-related side effects associated with doxorubicin, includingmyelosuppression (decreased production of blood cells by bone marrow), gastrointestinal disorders (nausea and vomiting), mucositis (inflammation of themucous membranes lining the digestive tract, including the mouth), stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth’s soft tissue), fatigue, fever and other signs ofinfection associated with neutropenia (an abnormally low count of a type of white blood cells) and alopecia (hair loss). Results of our trials could reveal anunacceptable incidence of these or other side effects. In such an event, our trials could be suspended or terminated and the FDA or comparable foreignregulatory authorities could order us to cease further development of or deny approval of our product candidates for any or all targeted indications. In addition,the drug-related side effects could affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the trial or result in potential product liability claims.Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. 17 Furthermore, if we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by the product, a number of potentially significant negative consequences couldresult, including: ·If our product candidates receive marketing approval, the FDA could require us to adopt a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy to ensure thatthe benefits of any approved product candidate outweigh its risks; ·regulatory authorities may withdraw approvals of such product; ·regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label; ·we may be required to create a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients; ·we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; and ·our reputation may suffer. Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of aldoxorubicin or the particular product candidate at issue, ifapproved, and could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects. We rely on third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractualduties or meet expected deadlines, we and our collaborators may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our productcandidates and our business could be substantially harmed. We have agreements with third-party CROs to monitor and manage data for our preclinical and clinical programs. We rely heavily on these parties forexecution of our preclinical and clinical trials, and control only certain aspects of their activities. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that each of ourstudies is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on CROs does not relieve us of ourregulatory responsibilities. We and our CROs are required to comply with cGCPs, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA and comparableforeign regulatory authorities for products in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce these cGCPs through periodic inspections of trial sponsors,principal investigators and trial sites. If we or any of these CROs fails to comply with applicable cGCP regulations, the clinical data generated in our clinicaltrials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approvingour marketing applications. We cannot assure you that, upon inspection, such regulatory authorities will determine that any of our clinical trials comply withthe cGCP regulations. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with product produced under cGMP regulations, and will require a large number oftest subjects. Our or our CROs’ failure to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approvalprocess. If any of our relationships with these third-party CROs terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or to do so oncommercially reasonable terms. In addition, our CROs are not our employees, and except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such CROs,we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our ongoing preclinical and clinical programs. If CROs do not successfully carryout their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain iscompromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed orterminated and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our product candidates. As a result, our financial resultsand the commercial prospects for aldoxorubicin would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to generate revenues could be delayed. Switching or adding additional CROs involves substantial cost and requires extensive management time and focus. In addition, there is a naturaltransition period when a new CRO commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinicaldevelopment timelines. Though we carefully manage our relationships with our CROs, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter similar challengesor delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects. 18 We rely upon third parties for the manufacture of our clinical product supplies, and we intend to rely on third parties to produce commercialsupplies of any approved product candidate, and our commercialization of any product candidates, including aldoxorubicin, could be stopped,delayed or made less profitable if those third parties fail to obtain approval of the FDA, fail to provide us with sufficient quantities of drug productor fail to do so at acceptable quality levels or prices. We do not have the facilities or expertise to manufacture supplies of aldoxorubicin or any of our other product candidates, and we lack the resources andcapability to manufacture any of our product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. Accordingly, we are dependent upon third-party manufacturers, orpotential future strategic alliance partners, to manufacture these supplies. We have manufacturing supply arrangements in place with respect to a portion of theclinical supplies needed for the clinical development programs for aldoxorubicin. However, we have no supply arrangements for the commercial manufactureof this product candidate or any manufacturing supply arrangements for any other potential product candidates, and we may not be able to secure neededsupply arrangements on attractive terms, or at all. Our failure to secure these arrangements as needed could have a materially adverse effect on our ability tocomplete the development of our products or to commercialize them. The facilities used by our contract manufacturers to manufacture our product candidates must be approved by the FDA pursuant to inspections that willbe completed after we submit our NDA to the FDA. We do not control the manufacturing process of aldoxorubicin and are completely dependent on ourcontract manufacturing partners for compliance with the FDA’s requirements for manufacture of aldoxorubicin. If our contract manufacturers cannotsuccessfully manufacture material that conforms to our specifications and the FDA’s strict regulatory requirements, they will not be able to secure and/ormaintain FDA approval for the manufacturing facilities. In addition, we have no control over the ability of our contract manufacturers to maintain adequatequality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. If the FDA does not approve these facilities for the manufacture of our product candidates or if itwithdraws any such approval in the future, we may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact our ability to develop,obtain regulatory approval for or market our product candidates. If aldoxorubicin, our lead product candidate, or our other product candidates cannot be manufactured in suitable quantities and in accordance withregulatory standards, our clinical trials, regulatory approvals and marketing efforts for such products may be delayed. Such delays could adversely affect ourcompetitive position and our chances of generating significant recurring revenues. If any of our products that are approved for marketing cannot bemanufactured at an acceptable cost, the commercial success of such product candidates may be adversely affected. We may rely upon third parties in connection with the commercialization of our products. The completion of the development of aldoxorubicin or our other product candidates, as well as marketing and commercialization, may require us to enterinto strategic alliances or other collaborative arrangements with other pharmaceutical companies under which those companies will be responsible for one ormore aspects of the eventual marketing and commercialization of our products. Our products, if approved for marketing, may not have sufficient potential commercial value to enable us to secure strategic arrangements with suitablecompanies on attractive terms, or at all. If we are unable to enter into such arrangements, we may not have the financial or other resources to complete thedevelopment of any of our products and may have to sell our rights in them to a third party or abandon their development altogether. To the extent we enter into collaborative arrangements, we will be dependent upon the timeliness and effectiveness of the development and marketing effortsof our contractual partners. If these companies do not allocate sufficient personnel and resources to these efforts or encounter difficulties in complying withapplicable FDA and other regulatory requirements, we may not obtain regulatory approvals as planned, if at all, and the timing of receipt or the amount ofrevenue from these arrangements may be materially and adversely affected. By entering into these arrangements rather than completing the development andthen marketing these products on our own, the profitability to us of these products may decline. 19 We may be unable to protect our intellectual property rights, which could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. We will be able to protect our technologies from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that we have rights to valid and enforceable patents orother proprietary rights that cover them. Although we have rights to patents and patent applications directed to aldoxorubicin and other product candidates,these patents and applications may not prevent third parties from developing or commercializing similar or identical technologies. In addition, our patents maybe held to be invalid if challenged by third parties, and our patent applications may not result in the issuance of patents. The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for whichimportant legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date in theUnited States and in many foreign countries. The application and enforcement of patent laws and regulations in foreign countries is even more uncertain.Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively file, protect or defend our proprietary rights on a consistent basis. Many of the patents and patent applicationson which we rely were issued or filed by third parties prior to the time we acquired rights to them. The validity, enforceability and ownership of those patentsand patent applications may be challenged, and if a court decides that our patents are not valid, we will not have the right to stop others from using ourinventions. There is also the risk that, even if the validity of our patents is upheld, a court may refuse to stop others on the ground that their activities do notinfringe our patents. Any litigation brought by us to protect our intellectual property rights could be costly and have a material adverse effect on our operating results orfinancial condition, make it more difficult for us to enter into strategic alliances with third parties to develop our products, or discourage our existing licenseesfrom continuing their development work on our potential products. If our patent coverage is insufficient to prevent third parties from developing orcommercializing similar or identical technologies, the value of our assets is likely to be materially and adversely affected. We also rely on certain proprietary trade secrets and know-how, especially where we believe patent protection is not appropriate or obtainable. However,trade secrets and know-how are difficult to protect. Although we have taken measures to protect our unpatented trade secrets and know-how, including the useof confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees, consultants and some of our contractors, it is possible that these persons maydisclose our trade secrets or know-how or that our competitors may independently develop or otherwise discover our trade secrets and know-how. If our product candidates infringe the rights of others, we could be subject to expensive litigation or be required to obtain licenses from othersto develop or market them. Our competitors or others may have patent rights that they choose to assert against us or our licensees, suppliers, customers or potential collaborators.Moreover, we may not know about patents or patent applications that our products would infringe. For example, because patent applications do not publishfor at least 18 months, if at all, and can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications unknown to us that may later result in issuedpatents that our product candidates would infringe. In addition, if third parties file patent applications or obtain patents claiming technology also claimed byus or our licensors in issued patents or pending applications, we may have to participate in interference proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Officeto determine priority of invention. If third parties file oppositions in foreign countries, we may also have to participate in opposition proceedings in foreigntribunals to defend the patentability of our foreign patent applications. If a third party claims that we infringe its proprietary rights, any of the following may occur: ·we may become involved in time-consuming and expensive litigation, even if the claim is without merit; ·we may become liable for substantial damages for past infringement if a court decides that our technology infringes a competitor’s patent; ·a court may prohibit us from selling or licensing our product without a license from the patent holder, which may not be available oncommercially acceptable terms, if at all, or which may require us to pay substantial royalties or grant cross licenses to our patents; and 20 ·we may have to redesign our product candidates or technology so that it does not infringe patent rights of others, which may not be possible orcommercially feasible. If any of these events occurs, our business and prospects will suffer and the market price of our common stock will likely decline substantially. Any products we develop may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations or third-party coverage and reimbursement policies, whichcould have a material adverse effect on our business. We intend to sell our products that may be approved for marketing primarily to hospitals, which generally receive reimbursement for the health careservices they provide to their patients from third-party payors, such as Medicare, Medicaid and other domestic and international government programs,private insurance plans and managed care programs. We currently expect that any drugs we develop may need to be administered under the supervision of a physician. Under currently applicable law, drugsthat are not usually self-administered may be eligible for coverage by the Medicare program if: ·they are “incidental” to a physician’s services; ·they are “reasonable and necessary” for the diagnosis or treatment of the illness or injury for which they are administered according to acceptedstandard of medical practice; ·they are not excluded as immunizations; and ·they have been approved by the FDA. There is significant uncertainty related to the insurance coverage and reimbursement of newly approved products. In the United States, third-partypayors, including private and governmental payors, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, play an important role in determining the extent to whichnew drugs and biologics will be covered and reimbursed. The Medicare program covers certain individuals aged 65 or older, disabled or suffering from end-stage renal disease. The Medicaid program, which varies from state-to-state, covers certain individuals and families who have limited financial means. TheMedicare and Medicaid programs increasingly are used as models for how private payors and other governmental payors develop their coverage andreimbursement policies for drugs and biologics. It is difficult to predict at this time what third-party payors will decide with respect to the coverage andreimbursement for our product candidates. Most third-party payors may deny coverage or reimbursement if they determine that a medical product was not used in accordance with cost-effectivetreatment methods, as determined by the third-party payor, or was used for an unapproved indication. Third-party payors also may refuse to cover andreimburse for experimental procedures and devices. Furthermore, because our programs are in the early stages of development, we are unable at this time todetermine their cost-effectiveness and the level or method of reimbursement. Increasingly, third-party payors are requiring that drug companies provide themwith predetermined discounts from list prices, and are challenging the prices charged for medical products. If the price we are able to charge for any productswe develop is inadequate in light of our development and other costs, our profitability could be adversely affected. Healthcare legislative reform measures could hinder or prevent the commercial success of our products and product candidates. In the United States, there have been, and we expect there will continue to be, a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the healthcare system thatcould affect our future revenues and profitability. Federal and state lawmakers regularly propose and, at times, enact legislation that results in significantchanges to the healthcare system, some of which are intended to contain or reduce the costs of medical products and services. For example, in March 2010,President Obama signed one of the most significant healthcare reform measures in decades, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by theHealth Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act. It contains a number of provisions, including those governingenrollment in federal healthcare programs, reimbursement changes and fraud and abuse measures, all of which will impact existing government healthcareprograms and will result in the development of new programs. The Affordable Care Act, among other things, (i) increases the minimum Medicaid rebates owedby manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, extends the rebate program to individuals enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations, andaddresses new methodologies by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected, and for drugs that are line extension products; (ii) establishes annual fees and taxes on manufacturers of certainbranded prescription drugs, and (iii) enacts a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% point-of-sale discounts off negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer’soutpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D. 21 In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. On August 2, 2011,the Budget Control Act of 2011 among other things, created measures for spending reductions by Congress. A Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction,tasked with recommending a targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, was unable to reach required goals, therebytriggering the legislation’s automatic reduction to several government programs. This includes aggregate reductions of Medicare payments to providers up to2% per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013. On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law, which,among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals, imaging centers and cancer treatment centers. We expect thatadditional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governmentswill pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our products once approved or additional pricing pressures. We may also be subject to healthcare laws, regulation and enforcement and our failure to comply with those laws could adversely affect ourbusiness, operations and financial condition. If we obtain FDA approval for any of our product candidates and begin commercializing those products in the United States, our operations may bedirectly, or indirectly through our customers, subject to various federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the federal False Claims Act, and physician sunshine laws and regulations. These laws may impact, among other things, our proposedsales, marketing, and education programs. In addition, we may be subject to patient privacy regulation by both the federal government and the states in whichwe conduct our business. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include: ·the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, any person from knowingly and willfully offering, soliciting, receivingor providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual, for an item or service or the purchasing or orderingof a good or service, for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs; ·the federal False Claims Act, which prohibits, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented,false claims, or knowingly using false statements, to obtain payment from the federal government, and which may apply to entities that providecoding and billing advice to customers; ·federal criminal laws that prohibit executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcarematters; ·the federal physician sunshine requirements under the Affordable Care Act, which requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics, andmedical supplies to report annually to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services information related to payments and other transfers of valueto physicians, other healthcare providers, and teaching hospitals, and ownership and investment interests held by physicians and otherhealthcare providers and their immediate family members; ·the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic andClinical Health Act, which governs the conduct of certain electronic healthcare transactions and protects the security and privacy of protectedhealth information; and ·state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or servicesreimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with thepharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government, orotherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; state laws that require drugmanufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketingexpenditures; and state laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from eachother in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts. 22 Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of our businessactivities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. In addition, recent health care reform legislation has strengthened these laws. Forexample, the recently enacted Affordable Care Act, among other things, amends the intent requirement of the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute and criminalhealthcare fraud statutes. A person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the AffordableCare Act provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the Federal Anti-Kickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Achieving and sustaining compliance with these laws may prove costly. In addition, any action against us for violation of these laws, even if wesuccessfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. Ifour operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject topenalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, the exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, imprisonment, orthe curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. We are subject to intense competition, and we may not compete successfully. We and our strategic partners or licensees may be unable to compete successfully against our current or future competitors. STS patients are typicallytreated with surgery followed by radiation therapy. For patients ineligible for surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, or both, is the only option. Doxorubicin is theonly approved drug for treating STS patients who are ineligible for surgery and is often used in combination with radiation. The National ComprehensiveCancer Network also includes the use of ifosfamide, epirubicin, gemcitabine, dacarbazine and liposomal doxorubicin marketed in the United States as Doxilby Johnson & Johnson. GlaxoSmithKline’s Votrient was approved in the United States and Europe in 2012 for the treatment of advanced STS following priorchemotherapy. There are other approaches to treating STS in late-stage clinical development, including Threshhold Pharmaceuticals’ TH-302 and trabectedinbeing co-developed by Johnson & Johnson and PharmaMar. Patients with glioblastoma multiforme, or GBM, generally undergo invasive brain surgery, although disease progression following surgery is nearly100%. The front-line therapy for GBM following surgery is Temozolomide (Temodar®) in combination with radiation. Bevacizumab (Avastin®) has beenapproved for the treatment of GBM in patients failing Temodar®. Drugs in development to treat GBM include rindopepimut by Celldex Therapeutics, DCVaxby Northwest Biotherapeutics, TRC105 from Tracon Pharmaceuticals, and buparlisib by Novartis. Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome®, Galen US),with or without paclitaxel, is also recommended as treatment for advanced disease. Kaposi’s sarcoma is generally treated with radiation, surgery and/orliposomal doxorubicin. Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome®, Galen US), with or without paclitaxel, is also recommended as treatment for advanceddisease. Other drugs in development for Kaposi’s sarcoma include selumetinib by AstraZeneca and pomalidamide by Celgene. Many companies, including large pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms with financial resources, research and development staffs, and facilities thatmay be substantially greater than those of ours or our strategic partners or licensees, are engaged in the research and development of pharmaceutical productsthat could compete with our potential products. To the extent that we seek to acquire, through license or otherwise, existing or potential new products, we willbe competing with numerous other companies, many of which will have substantially greater financial resources, large acquisition and research anddevelopment staffs that may give those companies a competitive advantage over us in identifying and evaluating these drug acquisition opportunities. Anyproducts that we acquire will be competing with products marketed by companies that in many cases will have substantially greater marketing resources thanwe have. The industry is characterized by rapid technological advances and competitors may develop their products more rapidly and such products may bemore effective than those currently under development or that may be developed in the future by our strategic partners or licensees. Competitive products for anumber of the disease indications that we have targeted are currently being marketed by other parties, and additional competitive products are underdevelopment and may also include products currently under development that we are not aware of or products that may be developed in the future. 23 As a result, these competitors may: ·succeed in developing competitive products sooner than us or our strategic partners or licensees; ·obtain FDA or foreign governmental approvals for their products before we can obtain approval of any of our products; ·obtain patents that block or otherwise inhibit the development and commercialization of our product candidate candidates; ·develop products that are safer or more effective than our products; ·devote greater resources than us to marketing or selling products; ·introduce or adapt more quickly than us to new technologies and other scientific advances; ·introduce products that render our products obsolete; ·withstand price competition more successfully than us or our strategic partners or licensees; ·negotiate third-party strategic alliances or licensing arrangements more effectively than us; and ·take better advantage than us of other opportunities. We will be required to pay substantial milestone and other payments relating to the commercialization of our products. The agreement relating to our worldwide rights to aldoxorubicin provides for our payment of up to an aggregate of $7.5 million upon meeting specifiedclinical and regulatory milestones up to and including the product’s second, final marketing approval. This includes a $1.0 million milestone at thecommencement of our phase 3 trial in soft tissue sarcoma, which we expect to incur in the first half of 2014. We also will be obliged to pay: ·commercially reasonable royalties based on a percentage of net sales (as defined in the agreement); ·a percentage of any non-royalty sub-licensing income (as defined in the agreement); and ·milestones of $1,000,000 for each additional final marketing approval that we might obtain. Our agreement relating to our worldwide (except Japan) rights to bafetinib provides for our payment of an aggregate of $13.35 million (including $5million upon the product’s initial final marketing approval) upon the achievement of specified clinical and regulatory milestones up to and includingapprovals in the United States and Europe. We also will be obliged to pay: ·commercially reasonable royalties based on a percentage of net sales (as defined in the agreement), dependent on reaching certain revenuethresholds; ·annual minimum payments if sales of bafetinib do not meet specified levels; and ·a percentage of any non-royalty sub-licensing income (as defined in the agreement). If we are required to pay any third party in order to exercise our rights under the agreement, we are entitled to deduct a percentage of those payments fromthe royalties due under the agreement, up to an agreed-upon cap. 24 Under the merger agreement by which we acquired Innovive, we agreed to pay the former Innovive stockholders a total of up to approximately $18.3million of future earnout merger consideration, subject to our achievement of specified net sales under the Innovive license agreements. The earnout mergerconsideration, if any, will be payable in shares of our common stock, subject to specified conditions, or, at our election, in cash or by a combination ofshares of our common stock and cash. Our common stock will be valued for purposes of any future earnout merger consideration based upon the tradingprice of our common stock at the time the earnout merger consideration is paid. We are subject to potential liabilities from clinical testing and future product liability claims. If any of our products are alleged to be defective, they may expose us to claims for personal injury by patients in clinical trials of our products or, if weobtain marketing approval and commercialize our products, by patients using our commercially marketed products. Even if one or more of our products isapproved by the FDA, users may claim that such products caused unintended adverse effects. We maintain clinical trial insurance for our ongoing clinicaltrials, and we plan to seek to obtain similar insurance for any other clinical trials that we conduct. We also would seek to obtain product liability insurancecovering the commercial marketing of our product candidates. We may not be able to obtain additional insurance, however, and any insurance obtained by usmay prove inadequate in the event of a claim against us. Any claims asserted against us also may divert management’s attention from our operations, and wemay have to incur substantial costs to defend such claims even if they are unsuccessful. We may be unable to successfully acquire additional technologies or products. If we require additional technologies or products, our productdevelopment plans may change and the ownership interests of our shareholders could be diluted. We may seek to acquire additional technologies by licensing or purchasing such technologies, or through a merger or acquisition of one or more companiesthat own such technologies. We have no current understanding or agreement to acquire any technologies, however, and we may not be able to identify orsuccessfully acquire any additional technologies. We also may seek to acquire products from third parties that already are being marketed or have beenapproved for marketing, although we have not currently identified any of these products. We do not have any prior experience in acquiring or marketingproducts approved for marketing and may need to find third parties to market any products that we might acquire. We have focused our product development efforts on our oncology drug candidates, which we believe have the greatest revenue potential. If we acquireadditional technologies or product candidates, we may determine to make further changes to our product development plans and business strategy to capitalizeon opportunities presented by the new technologies and product candidates. We may determine to issue shares of our common stock to acquire additional technologies or products or in connection with a merger or acquisition ofanother company. To the extent we do so, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted accordingly. We are conducting certain of our clinical trials in foreign countries, which exposes us to additional risks. We are conducting international clinical development of aldoxorubicin. The conduct of clinical trials outside the United States could have a significantimpact on us. Risks inherent in conducting international clinical trials include: ·foreign regulatory requirements that could restrict or limit our ability to conduct our clinical trials; ·administrative burdens of conducting clinical trials under multiple foreign regulatory schema; ·foreign exchange fluctuations; ·diminished protection of intellectual property in some countries; and ·possible nationalization and expropriation. 25 ·In addition, there may be changes to our business and political position if there is instability, disruption or destruction in a significant geographicregion, regardless of cause, including war, terrorism, riot, civil insurrection or social unrest, and natural or man-made disasters, includingfamine, flood, fire, earthquake, storm or disease, which could seriously harm the development of our current operating strategy. In the event of a dispute regarding our international clinical trials, it may be necessary for us to resolve the dispute in the foreign country ofdispute, where we would be faced with unfamiliar laws and procedures. The resolution of disputes in foreign countries can be costly and time consuming, similar to the situation in the United States. However, in a foreigncountry, we face the additional burden of understanding unfamiliar laws and procedures. We may not be entitled to a jury trial, as we might be in the UnitedStates. Further, to litigate in any foreign country, we would be faced with the necessity of hiring lawyers and other professionals who are familiar with theforeign laws. For these reasons, we may incur unforeseen expenses if we are forced to resolve a dispute in a foreign country. Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited. Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to useits pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes (such as research and development tax credits) to offset its post-changeincome and taxes may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” occurs if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5% shareholders” thatexceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. If it is determined that we have in the pastexperienced an ownership change, or if we experience one or more ownership changes as a result of this offering or future transactions in our stock, we may belimited in our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax assets to reduce taxes owed on the net taxable income that we earn. Any suchlimitations on the ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax assets could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us. Risks Associated with Our Common Stock We may experience volatility in our stock price, which may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. The market price of our common stock in 2013 has ranged from $1.83 to $6.47 per share, and it may continue to experience significant volatility fromtime to time. Factors that may affect the market price of our common stock include the following: ·announcements of interim or final results of our clinical trials; ·announcements of regulatory developments or technological innovations by us or our competitors; ·changes in our relationship with our licensors and other strategic partners; ·our quarterly operating results; ·litigation involving or affecting us; ·shortfalls in our actual financial results compared to our guidance or the forecasts of stock market analysts; ·developments in patent or other technology ownership rights; ·acquisitions or strategic alliances by us or our competitors; ·public concern regarding the safety of our products; and ·government regulation of drug pricing. 26 Our outstanding options and warrants and the availability for resale of the underlying shares may adversely affect the trading price of ourcommon stock. As of December 31, 2013, there were outstanding stock options and warrants to purchase approximately 14.7 million shares of our common stock at aweighted-average exercise price of $4.10 per share. Our outstanding options and warrants could adversely affect our ability to obtain future financing or engagein certain mergers or other transactions, since the holders of options and warrants can be expected to exercise them at a time when we may be able to obtainadditional capital through a new offering of securities on terms more favorable to us than the terms of outstanding options and warrants. For the life of theoptions and warrants, the holders have the opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of our common stock without assuming the risk of ownership.The issuance of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants will also dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders. Many of ouroutstanding warrants contain anti-dilution provisions pertaining to dividends with respect to our common stock. In the event that these anti-dilution provisionsare triggered by us in the future, we would likewise be required to reduce the exercise price, and increase the number of shares underlying, those warrants,which would have a dilutive effect on our stockholders. We have registered with the SEC the resale by the holders of all or substantially all shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of our outstandingoptions and warrants. The availability of these shares for public resale, as well as actual resales of these shares, could adversely affect the trading price of ourcommon stock. Our anti-takeover measures may make it more difficult to change our management, or may discourage others from acquiring us, and therebyadversely affect stockholder value. We have a stockholder rights plan and provisions in our restated by-laws, as amended, that are intended to protect our stockholders’ interests byencouraging anyone seeking control of our company to negotiate with our board of directors. These provisions may discourage or prevent a person or groupfrom acquiring us without the approval of our board of directors, even if the acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders. We have a classified board of directors, which means that at least two stockholder meetings, instead of one, will be required to effect a change in themajority control of our board of directors. This applies to every election of directors, not just an election occurring after a change in control. The classificationof our board increases the amount of time it takes to change majority control of our board of directors and may cause potential acquirers to lose interest in apotential purchase of us, regardless of whether our purchase would be beneficial to us or our stockholders. The additional time and cost to change a majorityof the members of our board of directors makes it more difficult and may discourage our existing stockholders from seeking to change our existingmanagement in order to change the strategic direction or operational performance of our company. Our by-laws provide that directors may only be removed for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares ofour capital stock then entitled to vote at an election of directors. This provision prevents stockholders from removing any incumbent director without cause.Our by-laws also provide that a stockholder must give us at least 120 days notice of a proposal or director nomination that such stockholder desires to presentat any annual meeting or special meeting of stockholders. Such provision prevents a stockholder from making a proposal or director nomination at astockholder meeting without us having advance notice of that proposal or director nomination. This could make a change in control more difficult byproviding our directors with more time to prepare an opposition to a proposed change in control. By making it more difficult to remove or install new directors,these bylaw provisions may also make our existing management less responsive to the views of our stockholders with respect to our operations and otherissues such as management selection and management compensation. We are subject to the anti-takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may also prevent or delay a takeover of usthat may be beneficial to our stockholders. 27 Our restated by-laws, as amended, designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain typesof actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicialforum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees. Our by-laws provide that, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole andexclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by anydirector, officer or other employee to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware GeneralCorporation Law, or (iv) any action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person purchasing or otherwise acquiring anyinterest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to this provision of our by-laws. This choice-of-forumprovision may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or otheremployees, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our amended and restated by-laws inapplicable orunenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving suchmatters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. We may issue preferred stock in the future, and the terms of the preferred stock may reduce the value of our common stock. We are authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Our board of directors may determine the terms of future preferred stockofferings without further action by our stockholders. If we issue preferred stock, it could affect your rights or reduce the value of our outstanding commonstock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock may include voting rights, preferences as to dividends and liquidation,conversion and redemption rights, sinking fund provisions, and restrictions on our ability to merge with or sell our assets to a third party. We do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock. We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock or other securities, and we currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividendsin the foreseeable future. Because we do not anticipate paying cash dividends for the foreseeable future, our stockholders will not realize a return on theirinvestment in our common stock except to the extent of any appreciation in the value of our common stock. Our common stock may not appreciate in value, ormay decline in value. Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. Item 2. PROPERTIES We lease our headquarters in Los Angeles, California. The lease covers approximately 5,270 square feet of office and storage space and expires inFebruary 2019. This lease currently requires us to make monthly payments of approximately $25,398 subject to annual increases. Effective March 1, 2015,this amount will be reduced to $19,226 per month, subject to annual increases. We will be responsible for paying our allocable portion of operating expensesin addition to the monthly rent. Additionally, the landlord has granted us an option to extend the term of the lease for a five-year period and a right of first offerduring the extended lease term to lease any available space on the sixth floor of the premises, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the lease agreement. Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are occasionally involved in claims arising in the normal course of business. As of March 4, 2014 there were no such claims that we expect,individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on us.Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not Applicable. 28 PART II Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OFEQUITY SECURITIES Market Information Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CYTR.” The following table sets forth the high and low sale pricesfor our common stock for the periods indicated as reported by The NASDAQ Capital Market: High Low Fiscal Year 2013: Fourth Quarter $6.79 $2.09 Third Quarter $3.65 $2.02 Second Quarter $2.94 $1.95 First Quarter $3.07 $1.83 Fiscal Year 2012: Fourth Quarter $3.73 $1.59 Third Quarter $5.50 $3.57 Second Quarter $5.44 $2.03 First Quarter $3.15 $1.75 Holders On March 4, 2014, there were approximately 670 holders of record of our common stock. The number of record holders does not reflect the number ofbeneficial owners of our common stock for whom shares are held by brokerage firms and other nominees. Dividends We have not paid any cash dividends since our inception and do not contemplate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. 29 Equity Compensation Plans The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2013, regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensationplans: Plan Category (a)Number ofSecuritiesto be IssuedUponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights (b)Weighted-AverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor IssuanceUnderEquityCompensationPlans (ExcludingSecuritiesReflectedin Column (a)) Equity compensation plans approved by our security holders: 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan 797,342 $7.17 — 2008 Stock Incentive Plan 5,598,394 2.53 4,401,606 Equity compensation plans not approved by our security holders: Outstanding warrants (1) 8,324,609 4.86 — Total 14,720,345 $4.10 4,401,606 ____________(1)The warrants shown were issued in discreet transactions from time to time as compensation for services rendered by consultants, advisors or other thirdparties, and do not include warrants sold in capital-raising transactions. The material terms of such warrants were determined based upon arm’s-lengthnegotiations with the service providers. The warrant exercise prices approximate the market price of our common stock at or about the date of grant, andthe warrant terms range from two to ten years from the grant date. The warrants contain customary anti-dilution adjustments in the event of a stock split,reverse stock split, reclassification or combination of our outstanding common stock and similar events and certain of the warrants contain anti-dilutionadjustments triggered by other corporate events, such as dividends. 30 Comparison of Cumulative Total Returns The following line graph presentation compares cumulative total stockholder returns of CytRx with The NASDAQ Stock Market Index and TheNASDAQ Pharmaceutical Index (the “Peer Index”) for the five-year period from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2013. The graph and table assume that$100 was invested in each of our common stock, The NASDAQ Stock Market Index and the Peer Index on December 31, 2008, and that all dividends werereinvested. This data was furnished by Zacks Investment Research. Comparison of Cumulative Total Returns December 31, 20092010201120122013CytRx Corporation373.33336.6793.3389.05298.57The NASDAQ Stock Market Index145.34171.70170.34200.57281.14The NASDAQ Pharmaceutical Index112.36121.80130.37173.45285.96 31 Recent Issuances of Unregistered Securities In November 2013, we issued two warrants, each to purchase 125,000 shares of our common stock, at exercise prices of $3.00 and $3.75 per share,respectively in connection with financial advisory arrangements. The issuance of these warrants was exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. Repurchase of Shares We did not repurchase any of our shares during the year ended December 31, 2013. Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA General The following selected financial data are derived from our audited financial statements. Our financial statements for 2013, 2012 and 2011 have beenaudited by BDO USA, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm. These historical results do not necessarily indicate future results. When youread this data, it is important that you also read our financial statements and related notes, as well as the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis ofFinancial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” sections of this Annual Report. Financial information provided below has been rounded tothe nearest thousand (except for per share data). 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Statement of Operations Data: Revenue Service revenue $— $— $— $— $9,400,000 Licensing revenue 300,000 100,000 250,000 100,000 100,000 Grant revenue — — — — — Total revenue $300,000 $100,000 $250,000 $100,000 $9,500,000 Net profit (loss) applicable to common stockholders $(47,485,000) $(17,964,000) $(14,425,000) $408,000 $(4,800,000)Basic and diluted profit (loss) per share applicable tocommon stock $(1.44) $(0.78) $(0.80) $0.03 $(0.35) Balance Sheet Data: Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments $38,568,000 $38,344,000 $36,046,000 $26,892,000 $32,643,000 Total assets $41,500,000 $40,232,000 $37,854,000 $36,697,000 $35,277,000 Total stockholders’ equity $10,661,000 $30,166,000 $24,254,000 $30,568,000 $28,348,000 Factors Affecting Comparability In October 2013, we completed a $25.9 million underwritten public offering, in which we sold and issued 11.5 million shares of common stock at aprice of $2.25 per share. Net of underwriting discounts, legal, accounting and other offering expenses, we received proceeds of approximately $24.1 million. In October 2012, we completed a $23.0 million underwritten public offering, in which we sold and issued 9.2 million shares of common stock at a priceof $2.50 per share. Net of underwriting discounts, legal, accounting and other offering expenses, we received proceeds of approximately $21.5 million. 32 In August 2011, we completed a $20.4 million underwritten public offering in which we sold and issued 5.6 million shares of common stock at a price of$3.57 per share and warrants at a price of $0.07 per warrant to purchase up to approximately 6.4 million shares of common stock at an exercise price of$4.48 per share. Net of underwriting discounts, legal, accounting and other offering expenses, we received proceeds of approximately $18.9 million (withoutgiving effect to any proceeds that we may receive upon future exercises of the warrants sold in the offering). In July 2009, we completed a $20.0 million registered direct public offering of approximately 2.2 million shares of our common stock at a price of $9.17per share and warrants to purchase an additional approximately 0.7 million shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.90 per share. Net ofinvestment banking commissions, advisory fees, legal, accounting and other fees related to the transaction, we received proceeds of approximately $18.3million (without giving effect to any proceeds that we may receive upon future exercises of the warrants sold in the offering). In August 2006, we received marketable securities, which were subsequently sold by us for approximately $24.3 million, from the privately-funded ALSCharitable Remainder Trust, or ALSCRT, in exchange for our commitment to continue research and development of one of our earlier drug candidates,arimoclomol, and other potential treatments for ALS and a one percent royalty from worldwide sales of arimoclomol. We recorded the value received under thearrangement as deferred service revenue, which we recognize using the proportional performance method of revenue recognition. In August 2009, we werereleased from all restrictions on the use of any proceeds previously received by us in connection with the arrangement. As a result, we recognized in the thirdquarter of 2009 $6.7 million of service revenue, representing all of the remaining deferred revenue and previously un-recognized portion of the value receivedin the arrangement with ALSCRT. During 2009, we recognized approximately a total of $9.4 million of service revenue related to this transaction. Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the discussion under “SelectedFinancial Data” and our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, based oncurrent expectations and related to future events and our future financial performance, that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differmaterially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many important factors, including those set forth under the caption “RiskFactors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report. Overview CytRx Corporation We are a biopharmaceutical research and development company specializing in oncology. We currently are focused on the clinical development ofaldoxorubicin (formerly known as INNO-206), our modified version of the widely-used chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin. We recently reported top-lineefficacy results (median progression-free survival, progression-free survival at six months, overall response rates and hazard ratios) of our Phase 2b clinicaltrial with aldoxorubicin as a treatment for soft tissue sarcoma, or STS. Hazard ratios - the likelihood that the study endpoint (in this case tumor progression)will be reached during a given period - are an important measure of the reliability and uniformity of the absolute data for progression-free survival, or PFS.The trial investigated the efficacy and safety of aldoxorubicin compared with doxorubicin in subjects with first-line metastatic, locally advanced orunresectable STS. Aldoxorubicin combines the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin with a novel linker-molecule that binds specifically to albumin in theblood to allow for delivery of higher amounts of doxorubicin (3½ to 4 times) without the major dose-limiting toxicities seen with administration of doxorubicinalone. In the first quarter of 2014, we plan to initiate a pivotal Phase 3 trial of aldoxorubicin as a therapy for patients with STS whose tumors have progressedfollowing treatment with chemotherapy. The Phase 3 trial is conducted under a Special Protocol Assessment, or SPA, granted by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. The SPA means that the FDA agrees that the design and analyses proposed in the Phase 3 trial protocol are acceptable to supportregulatory approval of the product candidate with respect to effectiveness of the indication studied, and will not subsequently change its perspective on thesematters, unless previously unrecognized public or animal health concerns were to arise or we subsequently modify the protocol. Thus, if the studydemonstrates an acceptable benefit-risk profile as determined by the FDA, it would suffice as the single pivotal trial to demonstrate effectiveness and wouldsupport registration of aldoxorubicin for this indication. 33 We have initiated Phase 2 clinical trials with aldoxorubicin in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (brain cancer) and in patients with AIDS-relatedKaposi’s sarcoma. We also have completed a Phase 1b study of aldoxorubicin in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced solid tumors and aPhase 1b pharmacokinetics clinical trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. We are planning to conduct a Phase 2b clinical trial with aldoxorubicin inpatients with small cell lung cancer who have relapsed after primary chemotherapy. We plan to expand our pipeline of oncology candidates based on a linker platform technology that can be utilized with multiple chemotherapeutic agentsand may allow for greater concentration of drug at tumor sites. We also have rights to two additional drug candidates, tamibarotene and bafetinib. Wecompleted our evaluation of bafetinib in the ENABLE Phase 2 clinical trial in high-risk B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and are seeking a partner forany further development of bafetinib. We ceased our Phase 2b clinical trial of tamibarotene in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after it failed to showefficacy. In order to fund our business and operations, we have relied primarily upon sales of our equity securities, including proceeds from the exercise of stockoptions and common stock purchase warrants. We also have received limited funding from our strategic partners and licensees. At December 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $11.5 million and short-term investments of $27.1 million. Managementbelieves that our current resources, which include approximately $80.5 million of net proceeds received from our underwritten public offering on February 5,2014, will be sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. The belief is based, in part, upon our currently projected expenditures for 2014 ofapproximately $39.9 million, which includes approximately $28.0 million for our clinical programs for aldoxorubicin, approximately $1.5 million for pre-clinical development of new albumin-binding cancer drugs, approximately $3.1 million for general operation of our clinical programs and approximately $7.3million for other general and administrative expenses. These projected expenditures are based upon numerous assumptions and subject to many uncertainties,and our actual expenditures may be significantly different from these projections. We will ultimately be required to obtain additional funding in order to executeour long-term business plans, although we do not currently have commitments from any third parties to provide us with capital. We cannot assure thatadditional funding will be available on favorable terms, or at all. If we fail to obtain additional funding when needed, we may not be able to execute ourbusiness plans and our business may suffer, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Research and Development Expenditures for research and development activities related to continuing operations were $17.5 million, $12.7 million and $15.5 million, respectively,for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, or approximately 63%, 60% and 67%, respectively, of our total expenses. Research and development expenses are further discussed below under “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and “Results of Operations.” Our currently projected expenditures for 2014 include approximately $28.0 million for our clinical programs for aldoxorubicin, approximately $1.5million for pre-clinical development of new albumin-binding cancer drugs and approximately $3.1 million for general operation of our clinical programs. Theactual cost of our clinical programs could differ significantly from our current projections due to any additional requirements or delays imposed by the FDAin connection with our planned trials, or if actual costs are higher than current management estimates for other reasons, including complications withmanufacturing. In the event that actual costs of our clinical programs, or any of our other ongoing research activities, are significantly higher than our currentestimates, we may be required to significantly modify our planned level of operations. All of our product candidates in development must be approved by the FDA or corresponding foreign governmental agencies before they can be marketed.The process for obtaining FDA and foreign government approvals is both time-consuming and costly, with no certainty of a successful outcome. A discussionof these and other risks and uncertainties associated with our business is set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report. 34 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have beenprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requiresmanagement to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure ofcontingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to stock options, impairment of long-livedassets, including finite-lived intangible assets, accrued liabilities and certain expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various otherassumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values ofassets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions orconditions. Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 2 of the Notes to Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. We believe thefollowing critical accounting policies are affected by our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financialstatements: Revenue Recognition Revenue consists of license fees from strategic alliances with pharmaceutical companies, as well as service and grant revenues. Service revenue consists ofcontract research and laboratory consulting. Grant revenues consist of government and private grants. Monies received for license fees are deferred and recognized ratably over the performance period in accordance with Financial Accounting StandardsBoard (“FASB”) Accounting Codification Standards (“ASC”) ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition – Multiple-element Arrangements (“ASC 605-25”).Milestone payments will be recognized upon achievement of the milestone as long as the milestone is deemed substantive and we have no other performanceobligations related to the milestone and collectability is reasonably assured, which is generally upon receipt, or recognized upon termination of the agreementand all related obligations. Deferred revenue represents amounts received prior to revenue recognition. Revenues from contract research, government grants, and consulting fees are recognized over the respective contract periods as the services are performed,provided there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the fee is fixed or determinable and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Once allconditions of the grant are met and no contingencies remain outstanding, the revenue is recognized as grant fee revenue and an earned but unbilled revenuereceivable is recorded. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for direct and overhead-related research expenses and are expensed as incurred. Costs toacquire technologies, including licenses, that are utilized in research and development and that have no alternative future use are expensed when incurred.Technology developed for use in our product candidates is expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. Clinical Trial Expenses Clinical trial expenses, which are included in research and development expenses, include obligations resulting from our contracts with various CROs inconnection with conducting clinical trials of our product candidates. We recognize expenses for these activities based on a variety of factors, including actualand estimated labor hours, clinical site initiation activities, patient enrollment rates, estimates of external costs and other activity-based factors. We believe thatthis method is the best measure of the efforts expended on a clinical trial with the expenses we record. We adjust our rate of clinical expense recognition if actualresults differ from our estimates. If our estimates prove to be incorrect, clinical trial expenses recorded in any particular period could vary. 35 Stock-based Compensation Our stock-based employee compensation plans are described in Note 12 of the Notes to Financial Statements. We follow the provisions of ASC 718,Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awardsmade to employees. For stock options and stock warrants paid in consideration of services rendered by non-employees, we recognize compensation expense in accordancewith the requirements of ASC 505-50, Equity-Base Payments to Non-Employees (“ASC 505-50”). Non-employee option grants that do not vest immediately upon grant are recorded as an expense over the vesting period. At the end of each financialreporting period prior to performance, the value of these options, as calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, is determined, and compensationexpense recognized or recovered during the period is adjusted accordingly. Since the fair market value of options granted to non-employees is subject to changein the future, the amount of the future compensation expense is subject to adjustment until the common stock options or warrants are fully vested. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We review long-lived assets for impairment if an event occurs that might reduce the fair value of such assets below their carrying values. We perform animpairment test of goodwill annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Animpairment loss would be recognized based on the difference between the carrying value of the asset and its estimated fair value, which would be determinedbased on either discounted future cash flows or other appropriate fair value methods. If our estimates used in the determination of either discounted future cashflows or other appropriate fair value methods are not accurate as compared to actual future results, we may be required to record an impairment charge. Net Income (Loss) Per Share Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) percommon share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding. Potentially dilutive stockoptions and warrants to purchase approximately 14.7 million, 11.0 million and 8.2 million shares at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, wereexcluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share, because the effect would be anti-dilutive. Quarterly Financial Data The following table sets forth unaudited consolidated statements of operations data for each quarter during our most recent two fiscal years. Thisquarterly information has been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, includes alladjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods covered. The quarterlyfinancial data should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. The operating results for any quarter arenot necessarily indicative of the operating results for any future period. Quarter Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (In thousands, except per share data) 2013 Total revenue $— $200 $— $100 Net loss $(6,864) $(3,423) $(9,980) $(27,218)Net loss applicable to common stockholders $(6,864) $(3,423) $(9,980) $(27,218)Basic and diluted loss per share applicable to common stock $(0.23) $(0.11) $(0.33) $(0.68) 2012 Total revenue $— $— $— $100 Net income (loss) $(10,135) $(13,262) $1,584 $3,849 Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders $(10,135) $(13,262) $1,584 $3,849 Basic and diluted loss per share applicable to common stock $(0.49) $(0.63) $0.07 $0.14 36 Quarterly and yearly income (loss) per share amounts are computed independently of each other. Therefore, the sum of the per share amounts for thequarters may not equal the per share amounts for the year. In 2013 and 2012, we incurred $3.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in employee non-cashcompensation expenses.The comparability of our quarterly financial data may be affected by the same events and items described under “Selected Financial Data” above. Liquidity and Capital Resources General In order to fund our business and operations, we have relied primarily upon sales of our equity securities, including proceeds from the exercise of stockoptions and common stock purchase warrants. We also have received limited funding from our strategic partners and licensees. At December 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $11.5 million and short-term investments of $27.1 million. Managementbelieves that our current resources, which include approximately $80.5 million of net proceeds received from our underwritten public offering on February 5,2014, will be sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. The belief is based, in part, upon our currently projected expenditures for 2014 ofapproximately $39.9 million, which includes approximately $28.0 million for our clinical programs for aldoxorubicin, approximately $1.5 million for pre-clinical development of new albumin-binding cancer drugs, approximately $3.1 million for general operation of our clinical programs and approximately $7.3million for other general and administrative expenses. These projected expenditures are based upon numerous assumptions and subject to many uncertainties,and our actual expenditures may be significantly different from these projections. We will ultimately be required to obtain additional funding in order to executeour long-term business plans, although we do not currently have commitments from any third parties to provide us with capital. We cannot assure thatadditional funding will be available on favorable terms, or at all. If we fail to obtain additional funding when needed, we may not be able to execute ourbusiness plans and our business may suffer, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. If we obtain marketing approval and successfully commercialize aldoxorubicin or other product candidate, we anticipate it will take several years, andpossibly longer, for us to generate significant recurring revenue, and we will be dependent on future financing until such time, if ever, as we can generatesignificant recurring revenue. Our ability to raise capital may be adversely affected by the continued weak economic recovery in the U.S. We have nocommitments from third parties to provide us with any additional financing, and we may not be able to obtain future financing on favorable terms, or at all.Failure to obtain adequate financing would adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities,dilution to stockholders may result and new investors could have rights superior to holders of the shares issued in this offering. In addition, debt financing, ifavailable, may include restrictive covenants. If adequate funds are not available to us, we may have to liquidate some or all of our assets or to delay or reducethe scope of or eliminate some portion or all of our development programs or clinical trials. We also may have to license to other companies our productcandidates or technologies that we would prefer to develop and commercialize ourselves. Discussion of Operating, Investing and Financing Activities Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $47.5 million, and cash used for operating activities for that period was $23.8 million. The net lossfor the year reflects $4.0 million for stock option and warrant expense, and non-cash loss of $20.2 million on the fair value adjustment of the warrant liability. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $18.0 million, and cash used for operating activities for that period was $19.0 million. The net lossfor the year reflects $2.4 million for stock option and warrant expense, and a non-cash gain of $2.8 million on the fair value adjustment of the warrantliability. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $14.4 million, and cash used for operating activities for that period was $16.7 million. The net lossfor the year reflects $1.4 million for stock option and warrant expense and a non-cash gain of $7.9 million on the fair value adjustment of the warrant liability. 37 For the year ended December 31, 2013, $3.1 million was used for investing activities. This included $3.1 million net for the purchase of short-terminvestments. For the year ended December 31, 2012, $6.1 million was used for investing activities. This included $5.9 million net for the purchase of short-terminvestments. For the year ended December 31, 2011, $9.4 million was provided by investing activities. This included $2.5 million of net proceeds from sales of short-term investments and $6.9 million received from the sale of common shares of RXi Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (now Galena Biopharma, Inc.), our formersubsidiary. Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $24.0 million, which included $24.1 million of net proceeds receivedfrom our October 2013 public offering. Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $21.5 million, which was attributable to the net proceeds received fromour October 2012 public offering. Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $18.9 million, which was attributable to the net proceeds received fromour August 2011 public offering. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect or that are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our financialcondition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources. Contractual Obligations We acquire assets still in development and enter into research and development arrangements with third parties that often require milestone and royaltypayments to the third party contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events linked to the success of the asset in development. Milestone payments maybe required, contingent upon the successful achievement of an important point in the development life-cycle of the pharmaceutical product (e.g., approval of theproduct for marketing by a regulatory agency). We also typically have to make royalty payments based upon a percentage of the sales of the pharmaceuticalproduct in the event that regulatory approval for marketing is obtained. Because of the contingent nature of these payments, they are not included in the table ofcontractual obligations. These arrangements may be material individually, and in the event that multiple milestones are reached in the same period, the aggregate charge to expensecould be material to the results of operations in any one period. In addition, these arrangements often give us the discretion to unilaterally terminate developmentof the product, which would allow us to avoid making the contingent payments; however, we are unlikely to cease development if the compound successfullyachieves clinical testing objectives. Our current contractual obligations that will require future cash payments are as follows (in thousands): OperatingLeases (1) EmploymentAgreements(2) Subtotal Research andDevelopment(3) Total 2014 $337 $2,575 $2,912 $8,490 $11,402 2015 258 850 1,108 2,106 3,214 2016 228 — 228 943 1,171 2017 255 — 255 681 936 2018 262 — 262 — 262 Thereafter 302 — 302 — 302 Total $1,642 $3,425 $5,067 $12,220 $17,287 (1)Operating leases are primarily our facility lease obligations, as well as equipment and software lease obligations with third party vendors.(2) Employment agreements include management contracts that provide for minimum salary levels, adjusted periodically at the discretion of ourCompensation Committee, as well as minimum bonuses in some cases.(3)Research and development obligations relate primarily to our clinical trials. Most of these obligations are cancelable upon notice without liability to us. 38 We apply the disclosure provisions of ASC 460, Guarantees (“ASC 460”), to our contractual guarantees and indemnities. We have provided contractualindemnities to investors and other parties against possible losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified parties in connection with various types of third-party claims, as well as indemnities to our officers and directors against third party claims arising from the services they provide to us. To date, we have notincurred material costs as a result of these indemnities, and we do not expect to incur material costs in the future; further, we maintain insurance to covercertain losses arising from these indemnities. Accordingly, we have not accrued any liabilities related to these indemnities. Net Operating Loss Carryforwards At December 31, 2013, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $191.9 million and $112.4 million, respectively, available to offsetagainst future taxable income, which expire in 2018 through 2033. As a result of a change in-control that occurred in the CytRx shareholder base in July 2002, approximately $10.1 million in federal net operating losscarryforwards became limited in their availability to $4.0 million in total or $363,000 annually. We currently believe that the remaining $164.9 million infederal net operating loss carryforwards, and the $112.4 million in state net operating loss carryforwards, are unrestricted. As of December 31, 2013, we also had research and development and alternative minimum tax credits for federal and state purposes of approximately$9.9 million and $13.5 million, respectively, available for offset against future income taxes, which expire in 2022 through 2033. Based on an assessment ofall available evidence including, but not limited to, our limited operating history in our core business and lack of profitability, uncertainties of the commercialviability of our technology, the impact of government regulation and healthcare reform initiatives, and other risks normally associated with biotechnologycompanies, we have concluded that it is more likely than not that these net operating loss carryforwards and credits will not be realized and, as a result, a100% deferred tax valuation allowance has been recorded against these assets. Results of Operations We incurred a net loss of $47.5 million, $18.0 million and $14.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. During 2013, 2012 and 2011, we recognized no service revenue and earned an immaterial amount of license fees and grant revenue. All future licensingfees under our current licensing agreements are dependent upon successful development milestones being achieved by our licensees. During 2014, we are notanticipating any significant service or license fees revenue. Our net loss may increase from current levels primarily due to expenses related to our ongoing and planned clinical trials, research and developmentprograms, possible technology acquisitions, and other general corporate activities. We anticipate, therefore, that our operating results will fluctuate for theforeseeable future and period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon as predictive of the results in future periods. Research and Development Years Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 (In thousands) Research and development expenses $17,072 $12,338 $15,079 Non-cash research and development expenses — — 59 Employee stock and stock option expense 428 346 353 $17,500 $12,684 $15,491 Research expenses are expenses incurred by us in the discovery of new information that will assist us in the creation and the development of new drugs ortreatments. Development expenses are expenses incurred by us in our efforts to commercialize the findings generated through our research efforts. 39 Research and development expenses incurred during 2013, 2012 and 2011 relate to our various development programs. In 2013, our research anddevelopment expenses increased over 2012 as we conducted the majority of our global Phase 2b clinical trial with aldoxorubicin as a first-line treatment forSTS and made preparations to initiate our pivotal Phase 3 global trial of aldoxorubicin as a therapy for patients with soft tissue sarcoma whose tumors haveprogressed following treatment with chemotherapy. In 2013, we also initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial with aldoxorubicin in patients with late-stage glioblastoma(brain cancer) and made preparations for a Phase 2b clinical trial in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma that was initiated in January 2014. The 2013increase was in part offset by a reduction in expenses related to one of our other drug candidates, tamibarotene, as we ceased our Phase 2b clinical trial oftamibarotene in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after it failed to show efficacy. Research and development expenses were lower in 2012 than in 2011due to the suspension of our development efforts for our other drug candidate, bafetinib, in 2012. In 2013, our development costs included approximately$12.0 million for our clinical programs for aldoxorubicin, approximately $2.8 million for our clinical program for tamibarotene and approximately $2.3million for general operation of our clinical programs. None of our research and development costs have ever been capitalized. As compensation to consultants, or in connection with the acquisition of technology, we sometimes issue shares of common stock, stock options andwarrants to purchase shares of common stock. For financial statement purposes, we value these shares of common stock, stock options, and warrants at thefair value of the common stock, stock options or warrants granted, or the services received, whichever is more reliably measurable. We recorded no suchexpense in each of 2013 and 2012, and a charge of $0.1 million in 2011. In 2013, we recorded $0.4 million of employee stock and stock option expense, ascompared to $0.3 million in 2012 and $0.4 million in 2011. In 2014, we expect our research and development expenses to increase significantly as a result of the initiation of our pivotal Phase 3 global trial ofaldoxorubicin. General and Administrative Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 (In thousands) General and administrative expenses $6,717 $6,308 $6,293 Stock, stock option and warrant expenses to non-employees and consultants 858 438 92 Employee stock option expense 2,699 1,607 932 $10,274 $8,353 $7,317 General and administrative expenses include all administrative salaries and general corporate expenses, including legal expenses associated with theprosecution of our intellectual property. Our general and administrative expenses, excluding common stock, stock options and warrants issued, were $6.7million, $6.3 million and $6.3 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. These expenses increased in 2013 primarily due to an increase of $0.3 million inbonuses paid, due to the favorable results from the Phase 2b clinical trial of STS. These expenses did not materially change from 2012 to 2011. From time to time, we issue shares of our common stock or warrants or options to purchase shares of our common stock to consultants and other serviceproviders in exchange for services. For financial statement purposes, we value these shares of common stock, stock options, and warrants at the fair value ofthe common stock, stock options or warrants granted, or the services received whichever we can measure more reliably. We recorded employee stock optionexpense of $2.7 million, $1.6 million and $0.9 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expenses for each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011were approximately $0.1 million. The depreciationexpense reflects the depreciation of our equipment and furnishings. Other Income In 2013, 2012 and 2011, we recognized non-cash gains (losses) of ($20.2) million, $2.8 million and $7.9 million, respectively, on the revaluation of ourwarrant derivative liabilities related to warrants issued in August 2011 and July 2009. 40 Interest Income Interest income was $0.1 million in 2013, $0.1 million in 2012 and $0.2 million in 2011. The variances between years are attributable primarily to theamount of funds available for investment each year and, to a lesser extent, changes in prevailing market interest rates. Recent Accounting Pronouncements We have reviewed all of the recent accounting pronouncements and have determined that they do not apply to our operations or will not have a materialimpact on our financial statements. Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Our exposure to market risk is limited primarily to interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates,particularly because a significant portion of our investments are in short-term debt securities issued by the U.S. government and institutional money marketfunds. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal. Due to the short-term nature of our investments, we believe that we are notexposed to any material market risk. We do not have any speculative or hedging derivative financial instruments or foreign currency instruments. If interestrates had varied by 10% in the year ended December 31, 2013, it would not have had a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows for thatperiod. Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Our consolidated financial statements and supplemental schedule and notes thereto as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and for each of the three years inthe period ended December 31, 2013, together with the reports thereon of our independent registered public accounting firm, are set forth on pages F-1 to F- 21of this Annual Report. Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURENone. Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness ofthe design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of December 31, 2013, the end ofthe period covered by this Annual Report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that ourdisclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2013. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in ExchangeAct Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financialofficer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. In making this assessment, management usedthe criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework(1992 Edition). Based upon management’s assessment using the criteria contained in COSO, our management has concluded that our internal control overfinancial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013. Our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accountingfirm, as stated in their report thereon set forth on page F- 19, which is incorporated herein by reference. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2013 that materially affected,or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATIONNone. 41 PART III Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The following table sets forth information concerning our directors and executive officers: NameAgeClass ofDirector(1)PositionMax Link, Ph.D.73IIIDirector, Chairman of the Board (2) (4)Steven A. Kriegsman72IIDirector, Chief Executive Officer, PresidentMarvin R. Selter86IIDirector, Vice Chairman of the Board (2) (3) (4)Louis Ignarro, Ph.D.72IDirectorJoseph Rubinfeld, Ph.D.81IDirector (3) (4)Richard L. Wennekamp71IIIDirector (2) (3) (4)John Caloz62—Chief Financial OfficerDaniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D.66—Executive Vice President and Chief Medical OfficerD. Scott Wieland54—Senior Vice President-Drug DevelopmentBenjamin S. Levin37—General Counsel, Senior Vice President and Corporate SecretaryDavid J. Haen35—Vice President – Business Development and Investor Relations____________(1)Our Class II directors serve until the 2014 annual meeting of stockholders, our Class III directors serve until the 2015 annual meeting of stockholders,and our Class I directors serve until the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders,(2)Members of our Audit Committee. Mr. Selter is the Chairman of the Committee.(3)Members of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Mr. Wennekamp is Chairman of the Committee.(4)Members of our Compensation Committee. Dr. Rubinfeld is Chairman of the Committee.Max Link, Ph.D, our Chairman of the Board, has been a director since 1996. Dr. Link has been retired from business since 2003. From March 2002until its acquisition by Zimmer Holdings, Dr. Link served as Chairman and CEO of Centerpulse, Ltd. From May 1993 to June 1994, Dr. Link served as theChief Executive Officer of Corange Ltd. (the holding company for Boehringer Mannheim Therapeutics, Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics and DePuyInternational). From 1992 to 1993, Dr. Link was Chairman of Sandoz Pharma, Ltd. From 1987 to 1992, Dr. Link was the Chief Executive Officer ofSandoz Pharma and a member of the Executive Board of Sandoz, Ltd., Basel. Prior to 1987, Dr. Link served in various capacities with the United Statesoperations of Sandoz, including President and Chief Executive Officer. Dr. Link currently serves as a director of Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and CelsionCorporation, Inc., and has previously served on the Boards of Directors of Cell Therapeutics, Inc., Columbia Laboratories, Inc., Human Genome Sciences,Inc., Protein Design Laboratories and Discovery Laboratories, Inc., each a listed public company. Dr. Link has extensive executive-level experience with a number of large pharmaceutical companies, including Sandoz Pharma, Ltd. In these positions, hewas responsible for major strategic and other business initiatives, including new drug development, acquisitions and dispositions of new drug candidates andother technology, licensing, marketing and distribution agreements and other key contractual strategic arrangements that affect, or are likely to affect, ourcompany’s own business efforts. As an executive officer and board member of these other companies, he has experience with the regulatory schemes in foreignjurisdictions and also has been exposed to different approaches to corporate governance matters, potential conflicts of interest, and similar matters, whichenables him to offer importance guidance to our Board of Directors. Steven A. Kriegsman has been has been CytRx’s President and Chief Executive Officer and a director since July 2002. He also serves as a director ofGalena Biopharma, a listed public company, and is Chairman of its Compensation Committee and a member of its Strategy Committee. Mr. Kriegsman alsoserves on the Board of Directors of Catasys, Inc. He previously served as Director and Chairman of Global Genomics from June 2000 until 2002. Mr.Kriegsman is an inactive Chairman and Founder of Kriegsman Capital Group LLC, a financial advisory firm specializing in the development of alternativesources of equity capital for emerging growth companies in the healthcare industry. During his career, he has advised such companies as SuperGen Inc.,Closure Medical Corporation, Novoste Corporation, Miravant Medical Technologies, and Maxim Pharmaceuticals. In the past five years, Mr. Kriegsman hasalso served on the Board of Directors of Bradley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Hythiam, Inc. Mr. Kriegsman has a B.S. degree with honors from New YorkUniversity in Accounting and completed the Executive Program in Mergers and Acquisitions at New York University, The Management Institute. Mr.Kriegsman is a graduate of the Stanford Law School Directors’ College. 42 Mr. Kriegsman was formerly a Certified Public Accountant with KPMG in New York City. In February 2006, Mr. Kriegsman received the CorporatePhilanthropist of the Year Award from the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of the ALS Association and in October 2006, he received the Lou Gehrig MemorialCorporate Award from the Muscular Dystrophy Association. Mr. Kriegsman has been a guest speaker and lecturer at various universities including CaliforniaInstitute of Technology (Caltech), Brown University, and New York University. Mr. Kriegsman has been active in various charitable organizations includingthe Biotechnology Industry Organization, the California Health Institute, the ALS Association, the Los Angeles Venture Association, the Southern CaliforniaBiomedical Council, the American Association of Dance Companies and the Palisades-Malibu YMCA. Mr. Kriegsman’s extensive history as a member of management is vital to the Board of Directors’ collective knowledge of our day-to-day operations.Mr. Kriegsman also provides great insight as to how CytRx grew as an organization and his institutional knowledge is an invaluable asset to the Board ofDirectors in effecting its oversight of CytRx’s strategic plans. Mr. Kriegsman’s presence on the Board of Directors also allows for a flow of information andideas between the Board of Directors and management. Marvin R. Selter has been a director since October 2003. He has been President and Chief Executive Officer of CMS, Inc. since he founded that firm in1968. CMS, Inc. is a national management consulting firm. In 1972, Mr. Selter originated the concept of employee leasing. He served as a member of theBusiness Tax Advisory Committee—City of Los Angeles, Small Business Board—State of California and the Small Business Advisory Commission—Stateof California. Mr. Selter also serves on the Valley Economic Development Center as past Chairman and Audit Committee Chairman, the Board of ValleyIndustry and Commerce Association as past Chairman, the Advisory Board of the San Fernando Economic Alliance and the California State University—Northridge as Past Chairman of the Economic Research Center and President of the Olive View UCLA Medical Center Foundation. He has served, andcontinues to serve, as a member of boards of directors of various hospitals, universities, private medical companies and other organizations. Mr. Selterattended Rutgers—The State University, majoring in Accounting and Business Administration, and is the recipient of an honorary Ph.D. from AmericanJewish University. He was an LPA having served as Controller, Financial Vice President and Treasurer at distribution, manufacturing and service firms. Hehas lectured extensively on finance, corporate structure and budgeting for the American Management Association and other professional teaching associations. Mr. Selter has founded, operated, and grown his own successful businesses, which gives him a valuable insight into the financial constraints andoperational challenges facing companies in the development stage and as they mature. He also has many years of involvement in various governmental agenciesand charitable organizations, which affords him an important perspective on the business regulatory process and capital-raising activities. In addition, he hassignificant education and work experience in accounting and financial matters that he is able to utilize as the named financial expert on our Audit Committee. Louis Ignarro, Ph.D. has been a director since July 2002. He previously served as a director of Global Genomics since November 20, 2000. Dr. Ignarroserves as the Jerome J. Belzer, M.D. Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology in the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology at the UCLA Schoolof Medicine. Dr. Ignarro has been at the UCLA School of Medicine since 1985 as a professor, acting chairman and assistant dean. Dr. Ignarro received theNobel Prize for Medicine in 1998. Dr. Ignarro received a B.S. in pharmacy from Columbia University and his Ph.D. in Pharmacology from the University ofMinnesota. Dr. Ignarro is a Nobel Laureate and an esteemed medical researcher whose experience enables him to offer importance scientific guidance to ourBoard of Directors. Joseph Rubinfeld, Ph.D. has been a director since July 2002. He co-founded SuperGen, Inc. in 1991 and has served as its Chief Executive Officer andPresident and as a director since its inception until December 31, 2003. He resigned as Chairman Emeritus of SuperGen, Inc. on February 8, 2005. Dr.Rubinfeld was also Chief Scientific Officer of SuperGen from 1991 until September 1997. Dr. Rubinfeld is also a founder of JJ Pharma. Dr. Rubinfeld wasone of the four initial founders of Amgen, Inc. in 1980 and served as a Vice President and its Chief of Operations until 1983. From 1987 until 1990, Dr.Rubinfeld was a Senior Director at Cetus Corporation and from 1968 to 1980, Dr. Rubinfeld was employed at Bristol-Myers Company, InternationalDivision in a variety of positions. Dr. Rubinfeld received a B.S. degree in chemistry from C.C.N.Y. and an M.A. and Ph.D. in chemistry from ColumbiaUniversity. Dr. Rubinfeld served as a senior executive of several large pharmaceutical companies before leaving to co-found SuperGen and served as Chief ExecutiveOfficer or in other senior executive capacities with highly successful companies. Dr. Rubinfeld’s academic training and business experience enhances thebreadth and scope of our Board’s oversight of our company’s management, business, strategic relationships, and other activities, while his vision adds to thelong-range planning of our Board of Directors and management. 43 Richard L. Wennekamp has been a director since October 2003. He retired from Community Bank in June 2008 where he was the Senior Vice President-Credit Administration since October 2002. From September 1980 to July 2002, Mr. Wennekamp was an executive officer of Bank of America Corporation,holding various positions, including Managing Director-Credit Product Executive for the last four years of his 22-year term with the bank. From 1977through 1980, Mr. Wennekamp was a Special Assistant to former President of the United States, Gerald R. Ford, and the Executive Director of the FordTransition Office. Prior thereto, he served as Staff Assistant to the President of the United States for one year, and as the Special Assistant to the AssistantSecretary of Commerce of the U.S. Mr. Wennekamp’s senior executive experience in the banking and financial services industry distinguishes him from our other directors and adds uniquecapabilities and a different perspective to the deliberations of our Board of Directors. As a former chief credit officer at Bank of America and CommunityBank, he understands the credit needs, financing requirements, and operational constraints of development-stage and mature businesses. Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. joined us in October 2009 as our Chief Medical Officer, and was recently promoted to the position of Executive VicePresident in 2013. Dr. Levitt brings more than 24 years of senior management experience, having spearheaded numerous drug development programs tocommercialization at leading biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Prior to joining CytRx, Dr. Levitt served from January 2007 to February 2009 asExecutive Vice President, Research and Development at Cerimon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Prior to that, from August 2003 to April 2006, he was Chief MedicalOfficer and Head of Clinical and Regulatory Affairs at Dynavax Technologies Corporation, managing clinical trials for four programs and overseeing multi-country regulatory strategies. From August 2002 to July 2003, Dr. Levitt was Chief Operating Officer and Head of Research and Development at Affymax,Inc., and prior to that he spent six years at Protein Design Labs, Inc., completing his tenure as that firm’s President and Head of Research and Development.Dr. Levitt’s past experience includes a position as Head of Drug Development at Geron Corporation, and Head of the Cytokine Development Unit and GlobalClinical Oncology at Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Ltd., and as Director, Clinical Oncology and Immunology at Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc. Dr. Levitt graduatedMagna Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Brandeis University. He earned both his M.D. and his Ph.D. in Biology from theUniversity of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine. Dr. Levitt has received ten major research awards and authored or co-authored nearly 200 papers andabstracts. John Y. Caloz joined us in October 2007 as our Chief Accounting Officer. In January of 2009 Mr. Caloz was named Chief Financial Officer. He has ahistory of providing senior financial leadership in the life sciences sector, as Chief Financial Officer of Occulogix, Inc, a NASDAQ listed, medical therapycompany. Prior to that, Mr. Caloz served as Chief Financial Officer of IRIS International Inc., a Chatsworth, CA based medical device manufacturer. Heserved as Chief Financial Officer of San Francisco-based Synarc, Inc., a medical imaging company, and from 1993 to 1999 he was Senior Vice President,Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Phoenix International Life Sciences Inc. of Montreal, Canada, which was acquired by MDS Inc. in 1999. Mr. Calozwas a partner at Rooney, Greig, Whitrod, Filion & Associates of Saint Laurent, Quebec, Canada, a firm of Chartered Accountants specializing in researchand development and high tech companies, from 1983 to 1993. Mr. Caloz, a Chartered Accountant, holds a degree in Accounting from York University,Toronto, Canada. Scott Wieland, Ph.D joined CytRx in 2005 as the Vice President, Clinical and Regulatory Affairs and was promoted to the position of Senior VicePresident, Drug Development in December 2008. Prior to that, he served in senior level positions in the areas of Drug Development, Clinical and RegulatoryAffairs at various biotech firms. He spent five years at NeoTherapeutics, Inc. serving as the Director of Product Development and was later promoted to VicePresident of Product Development. From 1990 to 1997, he served as Director of Regulatory Affairs at CoCensys, Inc. Dr. Wieland has a Ph.D. inBiopsychology and an M.A. in Psychology from the University of Arizona. He has an MBA from Webster University. Dr. Wieland received his B.S. inPhysiological Psychology from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Benjamin S. Levin joined us in July 2004 as our General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, and since December 2013 has served additionally as SeniorVice President. From November 1999 to June 2004, Mr. Levin was an associate in the transactions department of the Los Angeles office of O’Melveny &Myers LLP. Mr. Levin received his S.B. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a J.D. from Stanford Law School. David J. Haen joined CytRx in October 2003 as Director of Business Development and was promoted to Vice President of Business Development inDecember 2007. From 1999 to 2003, Mr. Haen worked as an associate for Kriegsman Capital Group LLC, a financial advisory firm focused on emergingcompanies in the life sciences field. Mr. Haen received a B.A. in Communications and Business from Loyola Marymount University. 44 Diversity Our board of directors, acting through the Nomination and Governance Committee, is responsible for assembling for stockholder consideration director-nominees who, taken together, have appropriate experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills to function effectively as a board. The Nomination andGovernance Committee periodically reviews the composition of the board of directors in light of our changing requirements, its assessment of the board ofdirectors’ performance, and the input of stockholders and other key constituencies. The Nomination and Governance Committee looks for certaincharacteristics common to all board members, including integrity, strong professional reputation and record of achievement, constructive and collegialpersonal attributes, and the ability and commitment to devote sufficient time and energy to board service. In addition, the Nomination and GovernanceCommittee seeks to include on the board of directors a complementary mix of individuals with diverse backgrounds and skills reflecting the broad set ofchallenges that the board of directors confronts. These individual qualities can include matters such as experience in the company’s industry, technicalexperience (i.e., medical or research expertise), experience gained in situations comparable to the company’s, leadership experience, and relevant geographicaldiversity. Committees Our business, property and affairs are managed by or under the direction of the board of directors. Members of the board are kept informed of ourbusiness through informal discussions with our chief executive and financial officers and other officers, by reviewing materials provided to them and byparticipating at meetings of the board and its committees. Our board of directors currently has three committees. The Audit Committee consists of Dr. Link, Mr. Selter and Mr. Wennekamp, the CompensationCommittee consists of Dr. Rubinfeld, Dr. Link, Mr. Selter and Mr. Wennekamp, and the Nomination and Governance Committee consists of Mr.Wennekamp, Dr. Rubinfeld and Mr. Selter. Such committees operate under formal charters that govern their duties and conduct. Copies of the charters areavailable on our website at www.cytrx.com. Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Selter, one of the independent directors serving on our Audit Committee, is an “audit committee financialexpert” as defined by the SEC’s rules. Our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Link, Selter, Rubinfeld, Ignarro and Wennekamp are“independent” under the current independence standards of both The NASDAQ Capital Market and the SEC. Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance Each of our executive officers and directors and persons who own more than 10% of our outstanding shares of common stock is required under Section16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock and to furnishus with copies of those reports. Based solely on our review of copies of reports we have received and written representations from certain reporting persons, webelieve that our directors and executive officers and greater than 10% shareholders for 2013 complied with all applicable Section 16(a) filing requirements. Code of Ethics We have adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to all employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principalaccounting officer, a copy of which is available on our website at www.cytrx.com. We will furnish, without charge, a copy of our Code of Ethics uponrequest. Such requests should be directed to Attention: Corporate Secretary, 11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650, Los Angeles, California, or bytelephone at 310-826-5648. Board Leadership Structure Our board has placed the responsibilities of Chairman with an independent non-employee director. We believe the separation of the roles of Chairman ofthe Board and Chief Executive Officer provides better accountability between the board and our management team. We believe it is beneficial to have anindependent Chairman whose sole responsibility to us is guiding our board members as they provide leadership to our executive team. Our Chairman isresponsible for communication among the directors; setting the board meeting agendas in consultation with our President and Chief Executive Officer; andpresiding at board meetings, executive sessions and stockholder meetings. This delineation of duties allows our President and Chief Executive Officer to focushis attention on managing the day-to-day business of our company. We believe this structure provides strong leadership for our board, while positioning ourPresident and Chief Executive Officer as the leader of the company in the eyes of our employees and other stakeholders. 45 Board of Directors Role in Risk Oversight In connection with its oversight responsibilities, our board of directors, including the Audit Committee, periodically assesses the significant risks that weface. These risks include, but are not limited to, financial, technological, competitive, and operational risks. Our board of directors administers its riskoversight responsibilities through our President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel who review and assess the operations ofour business, as well as operating management’s identification, assessment and mitigation of the material risks affecting our operations. Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Compensation Discussion and Analysis Overview of Executive Compensation Program The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has responsibility for establishing, implementing and monitoring our executive compensationprogram philosophy and practices. Generally speaking, the Compensation Committee recommends the compensation of our President and Chief ExecutiveOfficer and other named executive officers, and those recommendations are approved by our Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee seeks to ensure that the total compensation paid to our named executive officers is fair, reasonable and competitive.Generally, the types of compensation and benefits provided to the named executive officers are similar to those provided to our other officers. The Compensation Committee operates under a formal charter, a copy of which is available on our website at www.cytrx.com, that governs its duties andconduct. At the 2013 annual meeting of stockholders, the stockholders on a non-binding, advisory basis, approved the compensation of our executive officers asdisclosed in our 2013 proxy statement. Based upon the results of this stockholder advisory vote, the Compensation Committee determined to follow thestockholders’ recommendation and to continue its compensation policies and procedures. Throughout this Annual Report, the individuals included in the Summary Compensation Table below are referred to as our “named executive officers.” Compensation Philosophy and Objectives The components of our executive compensation consist of salary, annual and special cash bonuses awarded based on the Compensation Committee’ssubjective assessment of the achievement of corporate goals and each individual executive’s job performance, stock option grants to provide executives withlonger-term incentives, and occasional special compensation awards (either cash, stock or stock options) to reward extraordinary efforts or results such as theposition interim results of our Phase 2b clinical trial of aldoxorubicin in STS or successful capital raising activities. The Compensation Committee believes that an effective executive compensation program should provide base annual compensation that is reasonable inrelation to individual executive’s job responsibilities and reward the achievement of strategic goals of our company. We use annual and other periodic cashbonuses to reward an officer’s achievement of specific goals, including goals related to the development of our drug candidates and replenishment andmanagement of our working capital. We use employee stock options as a retention tool and as a means to align the executive’s long-term interests with those ofour stockholders, with the ultimate objective of affording our executives an appropriate incentive to improve stockholder value. The Compensation Committeeevaluates both performance and compensation to maintain our company’s ability to attract and retain excellent employees in key positions and to assure thatcompensation provided to key employees remains competitive relative to the compensation paid to similarly situated executives of comparable companies. 46 Each of the corporate goals established and subsequently reviewed by the Compensation Committee results from a collaboration among our namedexecutive officers, including the leadership of our President and Chief Executive Officer and the support of our principal legal, financial, clinical, medical andbusiness development officers. The Compensation Committee’s assessment of the relative contribution of each named executive officer is based on periodicreports to our full Board of Directors regarding the progress of these business accomplishments and the individual efforts of our named executive officers, andyear-end consultations, which include discussions of performance reviews, with our President and Chief Executive Officer that are a normal part of theCompensation Committee’s compensation determinations. The Compensation Committee employs no objective measure of any individual’s contribution. The bonus amounts awarded to our eligible named executive officers are a function of their office and total compensation relative to the total compensationof our President and Chief Executive officer, as adjusted by their relative employee evaluation, and with consideration given to comparable company data forsimilarly-situated employees. The bonus amounts awarded to each named executive officer is set forth in the Summary Compensation Table. Because of the size of our company, the small number of executive officers in our company, and our company’s financial priorities, the CompensationCommittee has not implemented any pension benefits, deferred compensation plans or other similar plans for our named executive officers. Role of Executive Officers in Compensation Decisions The Compensation Committee annually determines the compensation of our named executive officers. Our President and Chief Executive Officer, orCEO, typically attends all meetings of the Compensation Committee, except for executive sessions at which his compensation is determined. At the request ofthe Compensation Committee, our CEO provides his assessment of the performance of our named executive officers, other than himself. Our CEO also takesan active part in the discussions of the compensation of named executive officers other than himself and assists in the development of a review matrix of eachexecutive’s contributions to the goals of the company that forms the basis for some compensation determinations. The Compensation Committee grants dueconsideration to our CEO’s assessments when making determinations regarding the compensation of our named executive officers. All CompensationCommittee deliberations and determinations regarding the compensation of our CEO are made without the presence of our CEO. Setting Executive Compensation Based on the foregoing objectives, the Compensation Committee has structured the company’s annual cash and incentive-based cash and non-cashexecutive compensation to seek to motivate our named executives to achieve our company’s business goals, including goals related to the development of the ourdrug candidates and management of working capital, to reward the executives for achieving such goals, and to retain the executives. In doing so, theCompensation Committee historically has not employed outside compensation consultants. During 2013, the Compensation Committee obtained three industrycompensation surveys and used them in its compensation deliberations regarding cash and equity compensation for our executive officers. The surveys usedwere an Equilar survey of public companies with a market capitalization between $50 million and $200 million, the Radford Global Life Sciences Survey,which is a survey of public and private life sciences companies of all sizes, and a survey of public and private companies in Los Angeles provided bysalary.com (which the Compensation Committee uses to adjust to geographic differences in cost of living). The Compensation Committee utilized this data to set annual salary increases and bonus amounts for our executive officers at levels targeted at or aroundthe third quartile of compensation amounts provided to executives at comparable companies, considering each individual’s experience level related to theirposition with us. The Compensation Committee has no policy regarding the use of benchmarks, and we have no established policy or target for the allocationbetween cash and non-cash incentive compensation. The Compensation Committee is authorized to retain its own independent advisors to assist in carrying out its responsibilities, but has not relied uponoutside compensation consultants. 47 Performance-driven Compensation We emphasize performance in annually reviewing and setting our executive officers’ base salaries, bonuses and equity incentive compensation. Thisemphasis on performance with respect to a substantial portion of compensation is intended to motivate our executive officers to pursue our corporate goals,reward them for achievement of these goals and align their interests with those of our stockholders. Each year, we determine goals that we hope to achieve in the coming year, both on a company and individual basis. Our overall corporate performance ascompared to these goals, and an individual’s performance compared to his or her individual goals, primarily drive the recommendations that theCompensation Committee with respect to each executive officer's base salary, cash bonus and equity incentive compensation. Other factors, such as largermacroeconomic conditions of the industry and market in which we compete, as well as strategic business decisions and issues related to key employeeretention, also influence compensation decisions. Individual performance goals for each year initially are identified and developed by senior executives through a self-evaluation and goal-setting process,and our CEO refines and documents those goals in conjunction with the Compensation Committee. At the end of the year, the Compensation Committeereviews each performance goal and determines the extent to which we achieved such goals, and our CEO assesses the achievement of specific performancegoals relating to our other executive officers. In establishing performance goals, the Compensation Committee considers whether the goals could possibly result in an incentive for any executives totake unwarranted risks in our company’s business and seeks to avoid creating any such incentives.Company Performance GoalsFor 2013, the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors approved the following performance goals: ·Complete the aldoxorubicin Phase 2b STS clinical trial and the aldoxorubicin Phase 1 pharmacokinetics clinical trial; ·Initiate the aldoxorubicin Phase 3 STS clinical trial, and obtain FDA approval of an SPA for that study; ·Complete enrollment of the tamibarotene Phase 2b clinical trial in non-small-cell lung cancer trail; ·Raise additional capital. ·For 2013, the Compensation Committee determined that, with the exception of the completion of enrollment of the tamibarotene Phase 2b clinical trial(which was discontinued due to a failure to show efficacy), each of the corporate goals had either been achieved, or substantial progress towardsachievement had been made, and noted the particular contributions of executive officers to the achievement of those goals. Individual Performance The Compensation Committee reviews our executive officers’ performance based on overall achievement of the corporate goals and a review of individualgoals developed for each executive officer every year. The Compensation Committee, with the assistance of our CEO, determines the relative achievement of theperformance goals applicable to each executive officer, and assigns a performance rating based on a set of criteria set forth in an evaluation form. No specificformula is used with respect to setting any particular element of compensation based on the individual performance metrics. The score assigned to each officerwas based on a subjective assessment by our Compensation Committee members of the officer’s performance against the scoring standards of: 1 – Consistently Exceeds Expectations2 – Sometimes Exceeds Expectations3 – Meets Expectations4 – Sometimes Meets Expectations5 – Needs Improvement 48 The numerical job scores, with a 1.0 being the best and 5.0 being the worst, are determined based on an initial self-assessment by the officer, which issubject to change based on an evaluation of the self-assessment by the officer’s direct supervisor and on the Compensation Committee’s own assessment of theofficer’s job performance. For 2013, our Compensation Committee determined that the individual performance scores indicated below were merited by the officer’s respectivecontributions to our key business achievements discussed above, as well as the performance of their day-to-day responsibilities. On an officer-by-officerbasis, our Compensation Committee also considered the following: Mr. Kriegsman’s individual performance goals relate primarily to overall corporate objectives, including building stockholder value as reflected in themarket capitalization of our managing working capital, managing and directing the executive management team, and successfully developing our company’soperations and personnel for future success. Based on those criteria, and noting our positive results of our Phase 2b clinical trial of STS aldoxorubicin forSTS and progress of our other clinical trials of aldoxorubicin, the Compensation Committee gave a rating of 1.1 to Mr. Kriegsman. Mr. Caloz’s individual performance goals relate primarily to achievement of key financial objectives, such as managing and raising working capital,controlling spending, managing accounting personnel and maintaining regulatory compliance. Based on those criteria, the Compensation Committee noted Mr.Caloz’s role in obtaining needed working capital, his efforts to control expenditures, the continued improvement of our accounting department, and ourcompliance with filing deadlines, and gave a rating of 1.5 to Mr. Caloz. Dr. Levitt’s individual performance goals relate primarily to the achievement of key strategic and clinical objectives related to our clinical researchprograms, including ultimate oversight of the design and execution of our clinical programs, and analysis and implementation of new clinical opportunitiesimprove stockholder value. Based on those criteria, the Compensation Committee noted Dr. Levitt’s efforts towards our achievement of our key clinical goals,including the initiation of multiple new clinical trials and the announcement of positive data from our Phase 2b clinical trial of STS aldoxorubicin for STSand, his development of strategic plans to build value, and gave a rating of 1.5 to Dr. Levitt. Mr. Levin’s individual performance goals relate primarily to the management of the company’s legal risk, advice provided to the board of directors andmanagement, and maintaining regulatory compliance. Based on those criteria, the Compensation Committee noted Mr. Levin’s timely and useful advice on keycorporate matters that reduced corporate risk, and his work ensuring compliance with various regulations, and gave a rating of 1.6 to Mr. Levin. Mr. Levinwas also promoted to the title of Senior Vice President. Dr. Wieland’s individual performance goals relate primarily to the execution of the objectives related to our clinical development, including planning,initiation, budgeting and management of our clinical programs. Based on those criteria, the Compensation Committee noted Dr. Wieland’s role in ourachievement of key clinical goals, including the initiation of multiple new clinical trials, and gave a rating of 2.0 to Dr. Wieland. 2013 Executive Compensation Components For 2013, as in recent years, the principal components of compensation for the named executive officers were: ·base salary; ·annual bonuses; and ·equity incentive compensation. 49 Base Salary We provide named executive officers and other employees with base salary to compensate them for services rendered during the year. Generally, the basesalary element of compensation is used to recognize the experience, skills, knowledge and responsibilities required of each named executive officer, and reflectsour executive officers’ overall sustained performance and contributions to our business. During its review of base salaries for executives, the Compensation Committee primarily considers: ·the negotiated terms of each executive’s employment agreement, if any; ·each executive’s individual performance; ·an internal review of the executive’s compensation, both individually and relative to other named executive officers; and ·to a lesser extent, base salaries paid by comparable companies. Salary levels are typically considered annually as part of our company’s performance review process, as well as upon a change in job responsibility.Merit-based increases to salaries are based on our company’s available resources and the Compensation Committee’s assessment of the individual’sperformance. This assessment is based upon written evaluations of such criteria as job knowledge, communication, problem solving, initiative, goal-setting,and expense management. In 2012, the Compensation Committee considered our successful achievement or substantial progress towards our corporateperformance goals, and with consideration of the challenging financial environment, and our anticipation of clinical results in 2013 and beyond, awardedincreases in base salary for 2013 for most executives. Base salaries were also reviewed in light of the Equilar, Radford and salary.com survey data to validatethat they were within acceptable ranges based on market salaries. Annual and Special Bonuses As we do not generate significant revenue and have not commercially released any products, the Compensation Committee bases its discretionary annualbonus awards on the achievement of corporate and individual goals, efforts related to extraordinary transactions, effective fund-raising efforts, effectivemanagement of personnel and capital resources, and bonuses paid by comparable companies, among other criteria. Mr. Kriegsman’s employment agreemententitles him to an annual cash bonus in an amount to be determined in our discretion, but not less than $150,000, and Dr. Levitt’s employment agreementprovides that his bonus will not be less than $150,000. Any cash bonuses to our other named executive officers are entirely in our discretion. During 2013, the Compensation Committee granted Mr. Kriegsman an annual cash bonus of $330,000, and granted cash bonuses to the other namedexecutive officers ranging from $100,000 to $300,000, principally based on their efforts in helping us advance the development of aldoxorubicin. Equity Incentive Compensation We believe that strong long-term corporate performance is achieved with a corporate culture that encourages a long-term focus by our executive officersthrough the use of equity awards, the value of which depends on our stock performance. We have established equity incentive plans to provide all of ouremployees, including our executive officers, with incentives to help align those employees’ interests with the interests of our stockholders and to enable them toparticipate in the long-term appreciation of our stockholder value. Additionally, equity awards provide an important retention tool for key employees, as theawards generally are subject to vesting over an extended period of time based on continued service with us. Typically, equity awards are granted annually at the end of each year based primarily on corporate performance as a whole during the preceding year. Inaddition, we may grant equity awards upon the occurrence of certain events during the year, for example, upon an employee’s hire or achievement of asignificant business objective such as positive results or other progress of our clinical trials or successful capital-raising efforts. No formula is used in setting equity award grants and the determination of whether to grant equity awards, or the size of such equity awards, to ourexecutive officers; rather, it involves subjective assessments by our board of directors, Compensation Committee and, with respect to executive officers otherthan himself, our CEO. Generally, annual equity awards are driven by our retention of experienced employees, and we consider individual performance andcontributions during the preceding year to the extent our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee believe such factors are relevant. As with base salaryand cash bonuses, for 2013 our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee also considered data from three surveys in determining equity award grantsto our executive officers. 50 In March and December, 2013, respectively, the Compensation Committee granted to Mr. Kriegsman nonqualified options to purchase 74,176 share ofour common stock at a price of $2.46 per share and 925,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $2.39 per share, which equaled the closing marketprices on the dates of grant. The options vest monthly over three years, unless Mr. Kriegsman’s employment is terminated by us without “cause,” or by Mr.Kriegsman for “good reason,” in which case they vest immediately. In addition, in connection with the annual review of our other named executive officers, theCompensation Committee also granted an aggregate of 1,100,000 stock options to those named executive officers. All of the other stock options had an exerciseprice equal to the closing market price on the date of grant, and also vest monthly over three years, provided that such executives remain in our employthrough such monthly vesting periods. The Compensation Committee also granted Dr. Levitt 100,000 shares of CytRx Corporation restricted stock, of which50,000 shares will vest on June 30, 2014, and the remaining 50,000 shares will vest over the subsequent six months, provided that Dr. Levitt remainsemployed by us on each such date. Generally speaking, we have not taken into consideration any amounts realized by our named executive officers from prior stock option or stock awardsin determining whether to grant new stock options or stock awards. No named executive officers have exercised options since 2003. Retirement Plans, Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits Our executive officers are eligible to participate in the same group insurance and employee benefit plans as our other salaried employees. These benefitsinclude medical, dental, vision, and disability benefits and life insurance. We have adopted a tax-qualified employee savings and retirement plan, our 401(k) Plan, for eligible U.S. employees, including our named executiveofficers. Eligible employees may elect to defer a percentage of their eligible compensation in the 401(k) Plan, subject to the statutorily prescribed annual limit.We may make matching contributions on behalf of all participants in the 401(k) Plan in an amount determined by our board of directors. We did not makeany matching contribution to the 401(k) Plan for 2013. Matching contributions, if any, immediately vest, as do all employee contributions. We intend the401(k) Plan, and the accompanying trust, to qualify under Sections 401(k) and 501 of the Internal Revenue Code so that contributions by employees to the401(k) Plan, and income earned (if any) on plan contributions, are not taxable to employees until withdrawn from the 401(k) Plan, and so that we will be ableto deduct our contributions, if any, when made. The trustee under the 401(k) Plan, at the direction of each participant, may invest the assets of the 401(k) Planin any of a number of investment options. We do not provide any of our executive officers with any other perquisites or personal benefits, other than benefits to Mr. Kriegsman provided for in hisemployment agreement. We are required by his employment agreement to carry a life insurance policy for Mr. Kriegsman in the amount of $1.4 million underwhich Mr. Kriegsman’s designee is the beneficiary. We purchased a policy with a face value of $2 million, on which we pay the premiums, and Mr.Kriegsman immediately reimbursed the company for the premium relating to the $0.6 million of additional coverage. We periodically review the levels ofperquisites and other personal benefits provided to our named executive officers, but no changes to these benefits were made during 2013, and we do not expectany such changes in the foreseeable future. Employment Agreements and Severance Arrangements We have entered into written employment agreements with each of our named executive officers. The main purpose of these agreements is to protect thecompany from business risks such as competition for the executives’ service, loss of confidentiality or trade secrets, and solicitation of our other employees,and to define our right to terminate the employment relationship. The employment agreements also protect the executive from termination without “cause” (asdefined) and, in both Mr. Kriegsman and Dr. Levitt’s case, entitle them to resign for “good reason” (as defined). Each employment agreement was individuallynegotiated, so there are some minor variations in the terms among executive officers. Generally speaking, however, the employment agreements provide fortermination and severance benefits that the Compensation Committee believes are consistent with industry practices for similarly situated executives. TheCompensation Committee believes that the termination and severance benefits help the company retain the named executive officers by providing them with acompetitive employment arrangement and protection against unknowns such as termination without “cause” that go along with the position. 51 In the event of termination without “cause,” the named executive officers will be entitled to a lump-sum payment equal to six months of base salary (12months in the case of Dr. Levitt and 24 months in the case of Mr. Kriegsman). The named executive officers’ agreements also provide for our continuation ofmedical benefits during the severance period (including, for Mr. Kriegsman, payments for life insurance). If Mr. Kriegsman’s or Dr. Levitt’s employment isterminated by us without “cause,” or by Mr. Kriegsman or Dr. Levitt for “good reason,” within two years following a change of control of CytRx, they alsowould be entitled under their employment agreement to receive a “gross-up” payment equal to the sum of any excise tax on termination benefits (including anyaccelerated vesting of his options under our Plans as described below) plus any penalties and interest. In addition, if a named executive officer’s employment isterminated by us without “cause” (or by Mr. Kriegsman or Dr. Levitt for “good reason,” or due to Mr. Kriegsman’s death or disability), his unvested stockoptions vest immediately. Change of Control Arrangements The company’s 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan and 2008 Stock Incentive Plan provide generally that, upon a change of control of CytRx, all unvestedstock options and awards under the Plans held by plan participants, including the named executive officers, will become immediately vested and exercisableimmediately prior to the effective date of the transaction. The Compensation Committee believes that such “single trigger” change of control policy is consistentwith the objective of aligning the interests of the named executive officer’s and of the company’s stockholders by allowing the executives to participate equallywith stockholders in the event of a change of control transaction. The foregoing severance and change of control arrangements, including the quantification of the payment and benefits provided under these arrangements,are described in more detail elsewhere in this Annual Report under the heading “Executive Compensation – Employment Agreements and Potential PaymentUpon Termination or Change in Control.” Ownership Guidelines The Compensation Committee has no requirement that named executive officers maintain a minimum ownership interest in our company. Our long-term incentive compensation consists solely of periodic grants of stock options to our named executive officers. The stock option program: ·links the creation of stockholder value with executive compensation; ·provides increased equity ownership by executives; ·functions as a retention tool, because of the vesting features included in all options granted by the Compensation Committee; and ·helps us to maintain competitive levels of total compensation. We normally grant stock options to new executive officers when they join our company based upon their position with us and their relevant priorexperience. The options granted by the Compensation Committee generally vest monthly over the first three years of the ten-year option term. Vesting andexercise rights generally cease upon termination of employment (unless such termination is without cause or is a resignation for good reason), except in the caseof death (subject to a one-year limitation), disability or retirement. Prior to the exercise of an option, the holder has no rights as a stockholder with respect to theshares subject to such option, including voting rights and the right to receive dividends or dividend equivalents. In addition to the initial option grants, ourCompensation Committee may grant additional options to retain our executives and reward, or provide incentive for, the achievement of corporate goals andstrong individual performance. Our Board of Directors has granted our CEO the discretion to grant up to 200,000 options to employees upon joining ourcompany, and to make grants from an additional “discretionary pool” of up to 200,000 options during each annual employee review cycle. Options are grantedbased on a combination of individual contributions to our company and on general corporate achievements, which may include the attainment of productdevelopment milestones (such as commencement and completion of clinical trials) and attaining other annual corporate goals and objectives. 52 On an annual basis, the Compensation Committee assesses the appropriate individual and corporate goals for our executives and provides additionaloption grants based upon the achievement by the new executives of both individual and corporate goals. We expect that we will continue to provide newemployees with initial option grants in the future to provide long-term compensation incentives and will continue to rely on performance-based and retentiongrants to provide additional incentives for current employees. Additionally, in the future, the Compensation Committee may consider awarding additional oralternative forms of equity incentives, such as grants of bonus stock, restricted stock and restricted stock units. It is our policy to award stock options at an exercise price equal to The NASDAQ Capital Market’s closing price of our common stock on the date of thegrant. In certain limited circumstances, the Compensation Committee may grant options to an executive at an exercise price in excess of the closing price of thecommon stock on the grant date. The Compensation Committee has never granted options with an exercise price that is less than the closing price of ourcommon stock on the grant date, nor has it granted options which are priced on a date other than the grant date. For purposes of determining the exercise priceof stock options, the grant date is deemed to be the first day of employment for newly hired employees, or the date on which the Compensation Committee orthe CEO, as applicable, approves the stock option grant to existing employees. We have no program, practice or plan to grant stock options to our executive officers, including new executive officers, in coordination with the release ofmaterial nonpublic information. We also have not timed the release of material nonpublic information for the purpose of affecting the value of stock options orother compensation to our executive officers, and we have no plan to do so. We have no policy regarding the adjustment or recovery of stock option awards inconnection with the restatement of our financial statements, as our stock option awards have not been tied to the achievement of specific financial goals. Tax and Accounting Implications Deductibility of Executive Compensation As part of its role, the Compensation Committee reviews and considers the deductibility of executive compensation under Section 162(m) of the InternalRevenue Code, which provides that corporations may not deduct compensation of more than $1,000,000 that is paid to certain individuals. We believe thatcompensation paid to our executive officers generally is fully deductible for federal income tax purposes. Accounting for Share-Based Compensation Beginning on January 1, 2006, we began accounting for share-based compensation in accordance with the requirements of ASC 718, Compensation –Stock Compensation. This accounting treatment has not significantly affected our compensation decisions. The Compensation Committee takes intoconsideration the tax consequences of compensation to the named executive officers, but tax considerations are not a significant part of the company’scompensation policy. These policies remained in place throughout 2013, and we expect to continue to follow them for the foreseeable future. Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation in Compensation Decisions There are no “interlocks,” as defined by the SEC, with respect to any member of the Compensation Committee. Max Link, Ph.D., Joseph Rubinfeld,Ph.D., Marvin R. Selter and Richard L. Wennekamp served as members of the Compensation Committee during 2012. Compensation Committee Report The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” required by Item 402(b) ofRegulation S-K and, based on such review and discussions, has recommended to our board of directors that the foregoing “Compensation Discussion andAnalysis” be included in this Annual Report. Dr. Joseph Rubinfeld,ChairmanRichard L. WennekampMarvin R. SelterDr. Max Link 53 Summary Compensation Table The following table presents summary information concerning all compensation paid or accrued by us for services rendered in all capacities during 2013,2012 and 2011 by Steven A. Kriegsman and John Y. Caloz, who are the only individuals who served as our principal executive and financial officers duringthe year ended December 31, 2013, and our three other most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers as of December 31,2013: Summary Compensation TableName and Principal PositionYear Salary ($) Bonus($)(1) OptionAwards($) (2)(4) All OtherCompensation($)(3) Total($) Steven A. Kriegsman President and Chief ExecutiveOfficer2013 700,000 330,000 1,714,150 13,700 2,757,850 2012 700,000 150,000 655,000 13,700 1,518,700 2011 700,000 150,000 342,000 10,000 1,202,000 John Y. Caloz Chief Financial Officer andTreasurer2013 350,000 100,000 256,800 — 703,800 2012 340,000 75,000 131,000 — 546,000 2011 335,000 45,000 45,600 — 425,600 Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. Executive Vice President andChief2013 525,000 300,000 1,483,000 — 2,308,000 Medical Officer2012 450,000 150,000 186,900 — 786,900 2011 450,000 112,500 114,000 — 676,500 Benjamin S. Levin General Counsel, General Counsel, Senior VicePresident and2013 350,000 150,000 513,600 — 1,013,600 Secretary2012 340,000 75,000 131,000 — 546,000 2011 340,000 55,000 57,000 — 452,000 Scott Wieland, Ph.D. Senior Vice President – DrugDevelopment2013 350,000 100,000 256,800 — 703,800 2012 330,000 75,000 131,000 — 546,000 2011 330,000 30,000 45,600 — 405,600 ____________(1)Bonuses to the named executive officers reported above were paid in December of the applicable year. (2)The values shown in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of equity-based awards granted during the fiscal year, in accordance withASC 718, “Share Based-Payment.” The fair value of the stock options at the date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model,based on the assumptions described in Note 12 of the Notes to Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. (3)This amount represents life insurance premiums.(4) In the case of Dr. Levitt, for 2013, this amount includes the aggregate grant date fair value of a restricted stock award granted during the fiscal 2013, aswell as the aggregate grant date fair value of an equity-based award granted during the fiscal year. The restricted stock awarded in 2013 was issued inJanuary 2014. For 2012, the amount represents the aggregate grant date fair value of a restricted stock award granted and issued during the fiscal year. 54 2013 Grants of Plan-Based Awards In 2013, we granted stock options to our named executive officers under our 2008 Stock Incentive Plan as follows: 2013 Grants of Plan-Based AwardsName Grant Date All OtherOptionAwards(# of CytRxShares) Exercise PriceofOptionAwards($/Share) Grant DateFair Value ofStock andOptionAwards($) Steven A. Kriegsman12/10/2013 925,000(1) $2.39 $1,583,600 President and Chief Executive Officer3/08/2013 74,176(1) $2.46 $130,550 John Y. Caloz12/10/2013 150,000(1) $2.39 $256,800 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D.12/10/2013 500,000(1) $2.39 $856,000 Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer Benjamin S. Levin12/10/2013 300,000(1) $2.39 $513,600 General Counsel, Senior Vice President and Secretary Scott Wieland, Ph.D.12/10/2013 150,000(1) $2.39 $256,800 Senior Vice President – Drug Development ____________(1)Options vest in 36 equal monthly installments, subject to the option holder’s remaining in our continuous employ through such dates. If employment isterminated by us without “cause” (or, in the cases of Mr. Kriegsman and Dr. Levitt, for “good reason”), unvested options will immediately vest in full. We also granted to Dr. Levitt 100,000 shares of CytRx Corporation restricted stock, of which 50,000 shares will vest on June 30, 2014, and the remaining50,000 shares will vest over the subsequent six months, provided that Dr. Levitt remains employed by us on each such date. The shares of restricted stockgranted to Dr. Levitt had a grant date fair value of $627,000. 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan and 2008 Stock Incentive Plan The purpose of our 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan, or 2000 Plan, and our 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, or 2008 Plan, is to promote our success andenhance our value by linking the personal interests of our employees, officers, consultants and directors to those of our stockholders. The 2000 Plan wasoriginally adopted by our Board of Directors on August 24, 2000 and by our stockholders on June 7, 2001, with certain amendments to the Plan having beensubsequently approved by our Board of Directors and stockholders. On May 11, 2009, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2000 Plan toallow for a one-time stock option re-pricing program for our employees. The 2008 Plan was adopted by our Board of Directors on November 21, 2008 and byour stockholders on July 1, 2009. 2000 Plan and 2008 Plan Descriptions The 2000 Plan and the 2008 Plan, or the Plans, are administered by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. The CompensationCommittee has the power, authority and discretion to: ·designate participants; ·determine the types of awards to grant to each participant and the number, terms and conditions of any award; ·establish, adopt or revise any rules and regulations as it may deem necessary or advisable to administer the Plan; and ·make all other decisions and determinations that may be required under, or as the Compensation Committee deems necessary or advisable toadminister, the Plan. 55 Awards under the 2000 Plan The 2000 Plan expired on August 6, 2010, and thus no shares are available for future grant under the 2000 Plan. Awards under the 2008 Plan The following is a summary description of financial instruments that may be granted to participants in our 2008 Plan by the Compensation Committee ofour Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee to date has only granted stock options to participants in the 2008 Plan. Stock Options. The Compensation Committee is authorized to grant both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options. The terms of anyincentive stock option must meet the requirements of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code. The exercise price of an option may not be less than the fairmarket value of the underlying stock on the date of grant, and no option may have a term of more than 10 years from the grant date. Restricted Stock. The Compensation Committee may make awards of restricted stock, which will be subject to forfeiture to us and other restrictions asthe Compensation Committee may impose. Stock Bonus Awards. The Compensation Committee may make awards of stock bonus awards in consideration for past services actually rendered,which will be subject to repurchase by us and such other terms as the Compensation Committee may impose. Limitations on Transfer; Beneficiaries. Stock Option awards under the 2008 Plan may generally not be transferred or assigned by participants otherthan by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Awards of Restricted Stock or Stock Bonus awards may be transferred or assigned only upon such termsand conditions as set forth in the award agreement or as determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. Acceleration Upon Certain Events. In the event of a “Corporate Transaction” as defined in the 2008 Plan, all outstanding options will become fullyvested, subject to the holder’s consent with respect to incentive stock options, and exercisable and all restrictions on all outstanding awards will lapse. Unlessthe surviving or acquiring entity assumes the awards in the Corporate Transaction or the stock award agreement provides otherwise, the stock awards willterminate if not exercised at or prior to the Corporate Transaction. Termination and Amendment Our Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee may, at any time and from time to time, terminate or amend the 2000 Plan or the 2008 Planwithout stockholder approval; provided, however, that our board or the Compensation Committee may condition any amendment on the approval of ourstockholders if such approval is necessary or deemed advisable with respect to tax, securities or other applicable laws, policies or regulations. No terminationor amendment of the Plans may adversely affect any award previously granted without the written consent of the participants affected. The CompensationCommittee may amend any outstanding award without the approval of the participants affected, except that no such amendment may diminish or impair thevalue of an award. 56 Holdings of Previously Awarded Equity Equity awards held as of December 31, 2013 by each of our named executive officers were issued under our 2000 Plan and 2008 Plan. The following tablesets forth outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2013: 2013 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Option Awards Number of Securities Underlying UnexercisedOptions (#) Name Exercisable Unexercisable OptionExercise Price(2) ($) OptionExpirationDate Steven A. Kriegsman — (1) 925,000 2.39 12/09/23 President and Chief Executive Officer 18,566 (1) 55,610 2.46 3/07/23 166,650 (1) 333,350 1.83 12/10/22 142,843 (1) 71,443 2.17 12/11/21 107,143 — 7.07 12/14/20 107,143 — 7.35 12/10/19 42,857 — 2.59 11/21/18 64,286 — 8.05 4/07/18 50,000 — 8.05 4/18/17 28,571 — 8.05 6/16/16 42,857 — 5.53 5/17/15 John Y. Caloz — (1) 150,000 2.39 12/09/23 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer 33,330 (1) 66,670 1.83 12/10/22 19,045 (1) 9,526 2.17 12/11/21 7,143 — 7.07 12/14/20 17,857 — 7.35 12/10/19 7,143 — 2.10 01/02/19 7,143 — 2.59 11/21/18 3,571 — 8.05 04/07/18 3,571 — 8.05 12/06/17 10,714 — 8.05 10/26/17 Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. — (3) 100,000 n/a n/a Executive Vice President and Chief — (1) 500,000 2.39 12/09/23 Medical Officer 46,751 (4) — n/a n/a 47,615 (1) 23,814 2.17 12/11/21 35,714 — 7.07 12/14/20 71,429 — 7.42 10/11/19 Benjamin S. Levin — (1) 300,000 2.39 12/09/23 General Counsel, Sr. Vice President — Legal 33,330 (1) 66,670 1.83 12/10/22 Affairs and Secretary 23,807 (1) 11,907 2.17 12/11/21 14,286 — 7.07 12/14/20 14,286 — 7.35 12/10/19 14,286 — 2.59 11/21/18 14,286 — 8.05 4/07/18 14,286 — 8.05 4/18/17 12,857 — 8.05 6/16/16 21,429 — 5.53 5/17/15 22,857 — 8.05 7/15/14 57 Scott Wieland, Ph.D. — (1) 150,000 2.39 12/09/23 Senior Vice President – Drug Development 33,330 (1) 66,670 1.83 12/10/22 19,045 (1) 9,526 2.17 12/11/21 14,286 — 7.07 12/14/20 14,286 — 7.35 12/10/19 4,286 — 3.99 7/01/18 7,143 — 2.59 11/21/18 14,286 — 8.05 4/18/17 3,571 — 8.05 12/06/17 ____________(1)These options vest in 36 equal monthly installments, subject to the option holder’s remaining in our continuous employ through such dates. Ifemployment is terminated by us without “cause” (or, in the case of Mr. Kriegsman and Dr. Levitt, for “good reason”), unvested options will immediatelyvest in full.(2) The reported options with prices of $8.05 were re-priced to that exercise price on July 1, 2009.(3) Represents 100,000 shares of restricted stock, of which 50,000 shares will vest on June 30, 2014, and the remaining 50,000 shares will vest over thesubsequent six months, provided that Dr. Levitt remains employed by us on each such date. These shares were awarded in December, 2013, but issued inJanuary, 2014.(4) Represents restricted stock fully-vested at December 31, 2013. On December 31, 2012, Dr. Levitt was granted 100,000 of restricted stock. We reacquired53,249 shares in order to satisfy income tax withholding obligations, as permitted under the agreement.Employment Agreements and Potential Payment upon Termination or Change in Control Employment Agreement with Steven A. Kriegsman Mr. Kriegsman is employed as our Chief Executive Officer and President pursuant to a fourth amended and restated employment agreement dated as ofMay 10, 2012 that was to expire on December 31, 2015. On March 4, 2014, the employment agreement was amended to extend the expiration date by threeyears to December 31, 2018. The employment agreement will automatically renew following the expiration date for an additional one-year period, unless eitherMr. Kriegsman or we elect not to renew it. In connection with the amendment to his employment agreement, we paid Mr. Kriegsman a cash bonus of $300,000. Under his employment agreement as amended, Mr. Kriegsman is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $850,000. Our board of directors (or itsCompensation Committee) will review the base salary annually and may increase (but not decrease) it in its sole discretion. In addition to his annual salary,Mr. Kriegsman is eligible to receive an annual bonus as determined by our board of directors (or its Compensation Committee) in its sole discretion, but not tobe less than $150,000. Pursuant to his employment agreement with us, we have agreed that he shall serve on a full-time basis as our Chief Executive Officerand President and that he may continue to serve as Chairman of the Kriegsman Group only so long as necessary to complete certain current assignments. Mr. Kriegsman is eligible to receive grants of options to purchase shares of our common stock. The number and terms of those options, including thevesting schedule, will be determined by our board of directors (or its Compensation Committee) in its sole discretion. Under Mr. Kriegsman’s employment agreement, we have agreed that, if he is made a party, or threatened to be made a party, to a suit or proceeding byreason of his service to us, we will indemnify and hold him harmless from all costs and expenses to the fullest extent permitted or authorized by our certificateof incorporation or bylaws, or any resolution of our board of directors, to the extent not inconsistent with Delaware law. We also have agreed to advance to Mr.Kriegsman such costs and expenses upon his request if he undertakes to repay such advances if it ultimately is determined that he is not entitled toindemnification with respect to the same. These employment agreement provisions are not exclusive of any other rights to indemnification to which Mr.Kriegsman may be entitled and are in addition to any rights he may have under any policy of insurance maintained by us. 58 In the event we terminate Mr. Kriegsman’s employment without “cause” (as defined), or if Mr. Kriegsman terminates his employment with “good reason”(as defined), (i) we have agreed to pay Mr. Kriegsman a lump-sum equal to his salary and prorated minimum annual bonus through to his date of termination,plus his salary and minimum annual bonus for a period of two years after his termination date, or until the expiration of the amended and restatedemployment agreement, whichever is later, (ii) he will be entitled to immediate vesting of all stock options or other awards based on our equity securities, and(iii) he will also be entitled to continuation of his life insurance premium payments and continued participation in any of our health plans through to the laterof the expiration of the amended and restated employment agreement or 24 months following his termination date. Mr. Kriegsman will have no obligation insuch events to seek new employment or offset the severance payments to him by any compensation received from any subsequent reemployment by anotheremployer. Under Mr. Kriegsman’s employment agreement, he and his affiliated company, The Kriegsman Group, are to provide us during the term of hisemployment with the first opportunity to conduct or take action with respect to any acquisition opportunity or any other potential transaction identified bythem within the biotech, pharmaceutical or health care industries and that is within the scope of the business plan adopted by our board of directors. Mr.Kriegsman’s employment agreement also contains confidentiality provisions relating to our trade secrets and any other proprietary or confidential information,which provisions shall remain in effect for five years after the expiration of the employment agreement with respect to proprietary or confidential informationand for so long as our trade secrets remain trade secrets. Potential Payment upon Termination or Change in Control for Steven A. Kriegsman Mr. Kriegsman’s employment agreement contains no provision for payment to him in the event of a change in control of CytRx. If, however, a change incontrol (as defined in our 2000 Plan or our 2008 Plan) occurs during the term of the employment agreement, and if, during the term and within two years afterthe date on which the change in control occurs, Mr. Kriegsman’s employment is terminated by us without “cause” or by him for “good reason” (each asdefined in his employment agreement), then, in addition to the severance benefits described above, to the extent that any payment or distribution of any type byus to or for the benefit of Mr. Kriegsman resulting from the termination of his employment is or will be subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 ofthe Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, we have agreed to pay Mr. Kriegsman, prior to the time the excise tax is payable with respect to any suchpayment (through withholding or otherwise), an additional amount that, after the imposition of all income, employment, excise and other taxes, penalties andinterest thereon, is equal to the sum of (i) the excise tax on such payments plus (ii) any penalty and interest assessments associated with such excise tax. Employment Agreement with Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. Daniel Levitt is employed as our Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer pursuant to an employment agreement dated as of January 1, 2014that is to expire on December 31, 2014. Dr. Levitt is entitled under his employment agreement to receive an annual base salary of $525,000 and is eligible toreceive an annual bonus as determined by our board of directors (or our Compensation Committee) in its sole discretion, but not to be less than $150,000. Inthe event we terminate Dr. Levitt’s employment without cause or Dr. Levitt resigns with good reason (as defined), we have agreed to pay him a lump-sum equalto his accrued but unpaid salary and vacation, plus an amount equal to one year’s salary under his employment agreement. In connection with his new employment agreement, on January 1, 2014, we granted to Dr. Levitt 100,000 shares of CytRx Corporation restricted stock, ofwhich 50,000 shares will vest on June 30, 2014, and the remaining 50,000 shares will vest over the subsequent six months, provided that Dr. Levitt remainsemployed by us on each such date. Employment Agreement with John Y. Caloz John Y. Caloz is employed as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer pursuant to an employment agreement dated as of January 1, 2014 that was toexpire on December 31, 2014. On March 4, 2014, the employment agreement was amended to extend the expiration date for one year to December 31, 2015. Mr.Caloz is entitled under his employment agreement to receive an annual base salary of $350,000 and is eligible to receive an annual bonus as determined by ourboard of directors (or our Compensation Committee) in its sole discretion. In the event we terminate Mr. Caloz’s employment without cause (as defined), wehave agreed to pay him a lump-sum equal to his accrued but unpaid salary and vacation, plus an amount equal to six months’ salary under his employmentagreement. 59 Employment Agreement with Scott Wieland, Ph.D. Scott Wieland is employed as our Senior Vice President — Drug Development pursuant to an employment agreement dated as of January 1, 2014 that wasto expire on December 31, 2014. On March 4, 2014, the employment agreement was amended to extend the expiration date for one year to December 31, 2015.Dr. Wieland is paid an annual base salary of $350,000 and is eligible to receive an annual bonus as determined by our board of directors (or ourCompensation Committee) in its sole discretion. In the event we terminate Dr. Wieland’s employment without “cause” (as defined), we have agreed to pay hima lump-sum equal to his accrued but unpaid salary and vacation, plus an amount equal to six months’ base salary. Employment Agreement with Benjamin S. Levin Benjamin S. Levin is employed as our Senior Vice President — Legal Affairs, General Counsel and Secretary pursuant to an employment agreement datedas of January 1, 2014 that was to expire on December 31, 2014. On March 4, 2014, the employment agreement was amended to extend the expiration date forone year to December 31, 2015. Mr. Levin is paid an annual base salary of $350,000 and is eligible to receive an annual bonus as determined by our board ofdirectors (or our Compensation Committee) in its sole discretion. In the event we terminate Mr. Levin’s employment without “cause” (as defined), we haveagreed to pay him a lump-sum equal to his accrued but unpaid salary and vacation, plus an amount equal to six months’ base salary. Quantification of Termination Payments and Benefits The table below reflects the amount of compensation to each of our named executive officers in the event of termination of such executive’s employmentwithout “cause” or his resignation for “good reason,” termination following a change in control and termination upon the executive’s death of permanentdisability. The named executive officers are not entitled to any payments other than accrued compensation and benefits in the event of their voluntaryresignation. The amounts shown in the table below assume that such termination was effective as of December 31, 2013, and thus includes amounts earnedthrough such time, and are estimates only of the amounts that would be payable to the executives. The actual amounts to be paid will be determined upon theoccurrence of the events indicated. Termination Payments and Benefits Termination w/o Cause or, for Steven A.Kriegsman and Dr. Daniel Levitt, for GoodReason Name Benefit Before Change inControl ($) After Change inControl ($) Death ($) Disability($) Change inControl ($) Steven A. KriegsmanSeverance Payment(4) 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 — President and ChiefStock Options (1) 5,570,000 5,570,000 5,570,000 5,570,000 5,570,000 Executive OfficerHealth Insurance (2) 80,200 80,200 80,200 80,200 80,200 Life Insurance 13,700 13,700 — 13,700 — Bonus 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 — Tax Gross Up (3) — — — — — John Y. CalozSeverance Payment(4) 175,000 350,000 — — — Chief Financial OfficerStock Options (1) — 920,000 — — 920,000 Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D.Severance Payment(4) 675,000 1,350,000 — — — Executive Vice PresidentStock Options (1) — 2,040,000 — — 2,040,000 and Chief MedicalHealth Insurance — 3,700 — — 3,700 Officer Benjamin S. LevinSeverance Payment(4) 175,000 350,000 — — — General Counsel, SeniorStock Options (1) — 1,510,000 — — 1,510,000 Vice President and Secretary Scott Wieland, Ph.D.Severance Payment(4) 175,000 350,000 — — — Senior Vice President –Stock Options (1) — 920,000 — — 920,000 Drug Development ____________ 60 (1)Represents the aggregate value of stock options that vest and become exercisable immediately upon each of the triggering events listed as if suchevents took place on December 31, 2013, determined by the aggregate difference between the stock price as of December 31, 2013 and the exerciseprices of the underlying options. (2)Represents the cost as of December 31, 2013 for the family health benefits provided to Mr. Kriegsman for a period of two years. (3)Each of Mr. Kriegsman’s and Dr. Levitt’s employment agreements provides that if a change in control (as defined in our 2000 Plan or our 2008 Plan)occurs during the term of the employment agreement, and if, during the term and within two years after the date on which the change in controloccurs, Mr. Kriegsman’s or Dr. Levitt’s employment, respectively, is terminated by us without “cause” or by him for “good reason” (each as definedin their respective employment agreement), then, to the extent that any payment or distribution of any type by us to or for the benefit of Mr.Kriegsman or Dr. Levitt, respectively, resulting from the termination of their respective employment is or will be subject to the excise tax imposedunder Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, we will pay Mr. Kriegsman or Dr. Levitt, respectively, prior to the time theexcise tax is payable with respect to any such payment (through withholding or otherwise), an additional amount that, after the imposition of allincome, employment, excise and other taxes, penalties and interest thereon, is equal to the sum of (i) the excise tax on such payments plus (ii) anypenalty and interest assessments associated with such excise tax. Based on each of Mr. Kriegsman’s and Dr. Levitt’s past compensation and theestimated payment that would result from a termination of employment following a change in control, we have estimated that a gross-up paymentwould not be required. “Good reason” as defined in each of Mr. Kriegsman’s and Dr. Levitt’s employment agreement includes any change in Mr.Kriegsman’s or Dr. Levitt’s duties or title, as applicable, that are inconsistent with their respective positions. (4)Severance payments are prescribed by our employment agreements with the named executive officers and represent a factor of their annual basecompensation ranging from six months to two years.Compensation of Directors We use a combination of cash and stock-based compensation to attract and retain qualified candidates to serve on our board of directors. Directors whoalso are employees of our company currently receive no compensation for their service as directors or as members of board committees. In setting directorcompensation, we consider the significant amount of time that directors dedicate to the fulfillment of their director responsibilities, as well as the competencyand skills required of members of our board. The directors’ current compensation schedule has been in place since December 2013. The directors’ annualcompensation year begins with the annual election of directors at the annual meeting of stockholders. The annual retainer year period has been in place fordirectors since 2003. Periodically, our board of directors reviews our director compensation policies and, from time to time, makes changes to such policiesbased on various criteria the board deems relevant. Our non-employee directors receive a quarterly retainer of $6,000 (plus an additional $12,500 for the Chairman of the Board, $5,000 for the Chairmen ofthe Audit Committee and Compensation Committee, and $1,500 for the Chairman of the Nomination and Governance Committee), a fee of $3,000 for eachboard meeting attended ($750 for board actions taken by unanimous written consent), $2,000 for each meeting of the Audit Committee and CompensationCommittee attended, and $1,000 for each meeting of the Nomination and Governance Committee meeting attended. Non-employee directors who serve as thechairman of a board committee receive an additional $2,000 for each meeting of the Nomination and Governance Committee attended and an additional $2,500for each meeting of the Audit Committee or the Compensation Committee attended. In December 2013, we also granted ten-year stock options to purchase180,000 shares of our common stock to each non-employee director at an exercise price equal to the market value of our common stock on the date of grant.The options vested, in full, upon grant. 61 The following table sets forth the compensation paid to our directors other than our Chief Executive Officer for 2013: Director Compensation Table Name (1) Fees EarnedorPaid in Cash($) (2) OptionAwards ($)(3) Total ($) Max Link, Ph.D., Chairman 104,000 363,060 467,060 Marvin R. Selter, Vice Chairman 86,000 363,060 449,060 Louis Ignarro, Ph.D., Director 39,000 363,060 402,060 Joseph Rubinfeld, Ph.D., Director 62,000 363,060 425,060 Richard L. Wennekamp, Director 66,000 363,060 429,060 ____________(1)Steven A. Kriegsman does not receive additional compensation for his role as a Director. For information relating to Mr. Kriegsman’s compensation asPresident and Chief Executive Officer, see the Summary Compensation Table above.(2)The amounts in this column represent cash payments made to Non-Employee Directors for annual retainer fees, committee and/or chairmanship fees andmeeting fees during the year.(3)In December 2013, we granted stock options to purchase 180,000 shares of our common stock to each non-employee director at an exercise price equal tothe current market value of our common stock on the date of grant, which had an aggregate grant date fair value of $363,060 calculated in accordancewith FASB ASC Topic 718. The amount recognized for these awards was calculated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model, and reflect grantsfrom our 2008 Long-Term Incentive Plan, which is described in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.Joseph Rubinfeld, Ph.D. Consulting Agreement On December 2, 2008, we entered into a written consulting agreement with Joseph Rubinfeld, Ph.D., under which Dr. Rubinfeld agrees to serve as ourChief Scientific Advisor. In exchange, we granted to Dr. Rubinfeld under our 2008 Stock Incentive Plan a ten-year stock option to purchase up to 50,000shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.45 per share, which equaled the market price of our common stock as of the grant date. The fair valueof this option grant was $116,900. The stock option vested immediately upon grant as to 7,143 of the option shares and vested as to the remaining optionshares in 36 equal monthly installments, and is now fully vested. The consulting agreement is terminable at any time by either party upon notice to the otherparty. On December 10, 2012, we entered into an amendment to our written consulting agreement with Dr. Rubinfeld, Ph.D. to provide for the one-time grant toDr. Rubinfeld under our 2008 Plan of an option to purchase 30,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.83 per share, which was equal to themarket price of our common stock on the grant date. The option has a term of ten years and is fully vested. The fair grant date value of this option grant was$47,400. Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERMATTERS Based solely upon information made available to us, the following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our commonstock as of March 4, 2014 by (1) each person who is known by us to beneficially own more than five percent of our common stock; (2) each of our directors;(3) the named executive officers listed in the Summary Compensation Table under Item 11; and (4) all of our executive officers and directors as a group.Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the SEC rules. Shares of common stock subject to any warrants or options that are presentlyexercisable, or exercisable within 60 days of March 4, 2014 (which are indicated by footnote) are deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing thepercentage ownership of the person holding the warrants or options, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownershipof any other person. The percentage ownership reflected in the table is based on 55,708,160 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 4, 2014,excluding treasury shares. Except as otherwise indicated, the holders listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of commonstock shown, subject to applicable community property laws. An asterisk represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%. 62 Shares ofCommon Stock Name of Beneficial Owner Number Percent Capital Ventures International (1) 3,250,000 5.8%Gene Z. Salkind, M.D. (2) 3,493,116 6.3%Scott Patterson, D.D.S. (3) 4,577,605 8.2%Louis Ignarro, Ph.D.(4) 336,702 * Steven A. Kriegsman(5) 1,550,655 2.8%Max Link, Ph.D.(6) 361,886 * Joseph Rubinfeld, Ph.D.(7) 403,571 * Marvin R. Selter(8) 65,351 * Richard L. Wennekamp(9) 340,281 * Dan Levitt, M.D., Ph.D.(10) 379,287 * John Y. Caloz (11) 145,015 * Scott Wieland, Ph.D.(12) 141,189 * Benjamin S. Levin(13) 160,977 * All executive officers and directors as a group (ten persons)(14) 3,962,856 7.1%__________(1)Capital Ventures International is a Cayman Islands company. Heights Capital Management, Inc. is a Delaware corporation and investment manager toCapital Ventures International. As such, Heights Capital Management, Inc. may exercise voting and dispositive powers over the shares shown and maybe deemed to beneficially own such shares. The principal business addresses of Capital Ventures International and Heights Capital Management, Inc.are P.O. Box 897, Winward 1, Regalty Office Park, West Bay Road, Grand Cayman KY1-1103, Cayman Islands and 101 California Street, Suite3250, San Francisco, California 94111, respectively.(2)Of the shares shown, Dr. Salkind has sole voting and dispositive power over 1,360,038 shares and shares voting and dispositive power with his wife,Catherine Salkind, over 2,133,078 shares. Mrs. Salkind may be deemed to beneficially own the shares shown. Dr. and Mrs. Salkind’s address is1165 Wrack Road, Meadowbrook, Pennsylvania 19046.(3)Dr. Patterson’s address is 128 Spoonbill Court, Jupiter, Florida 33458-8879.(4)Includes 323,571 shares subject to options or warrants.(5)Includes 953,544 shares subject to options or warrants.(6)Includes 324,699 shares subject to options or warrants.(7)Includes 403,571 shares subject to options or warrants.(8)The shares shown are owned, of record, by the Selter Family Trust or Selter IRA Rollover.(9)Includes 323,571 shares subject to options or warrants.(10)Includes 218,250 shares subject to options or warrants and 100,000 restricted shares, of which 50,000 shares will vest on June 30, 2014, and theremaining 50,000 shares will vest over the subsequent six months, provided that Dr. Levitt remains employed by us on each such date. (11)Includes 140,473 shares subject to options or warrants.(12)Includes 141,189 shares subject to options or warrants. (13)Includes 234,122 shares subject to options or warrants. (14)Includes 3,062,990 shares subject to options or warrants. 63 Equity Compensation Plans The information required is incorporated herein by reference to Item 5 of this Annual Report relating to our Equity Compensation Plans as set forth onpage 30. Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE Director Independence Our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Link, Selter, Rubinfeld, Ignarro and Wennekamp are “independent” under the current independencestandards of both The NASDAQ Capital Market and the SEC, and have no material relationships with us (either directly or as a partner, shareholder orofficer of any entity) that are inconsistent with a finding of their independence as members of our board of directors. Our board has determined that Messrs.Link, Selter and Wennekamp also are “independent” for purposes of service as the members of our Audit Committee. In making these determinations, ourboard of directors has broadly considered all relevant facts and circumstances, recognizing that material relationships can include commercial, banking,consulting, legal, accounting, and familial relationships, among others. Transactions with Related Persons General Our Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving, as appropriate, all transactions with related persons, in accordance with its Charter andNASDAQ Marketplace Rules. Transactions between us and one or more related persons may present risks or conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest. Our Code ofEthics requires all employees, officers and directors to avoid activities or relationships that conflict, or may be perceived to conflict, with our interests oradversely affect our reputation. It is understood, however, that certain relationships or transactions may arise that would be deemed acceptable and appropriateso long as there is full disclosure of the interest of the related parties in the transaction and review and approval by disinterested directors to ensure there is alegitimate business reason for the transaction and that the transaction is fair to us and our stockholders. As a result, the procedures followed by the Audit Committee to evaluate transactions with related persons require: ·that all related person transactions, all material terms of the transactions, and all the material facts as to the related person’s direct or indirect interestin, or relationship to, the related person transaction must be communicated to the Audit Committee; and ·that all related person transactions, and any material amendment or modification to any related person transaction, be reviewed and approved orratified by the Audit Committee, as required by NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. Our Audit Committee will evaluate related person transactions based on: ·information provided by members of our board of directors in connection with the required annual evaluation of director independence; ·pertinent responses to the Directors’ and Officers’ Questionnaires submitted periodically by our officers and directors and provided to the AuditCommittee by our management; ·background information on nominees for director provided by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our board of directors; and ·any other relevant information provided by any of our directors or officers. 64 ·In connection with its review and approval or ratification, if appropriate, of any related person transaction, our Audit Committee is to considerwhether the transaction will compromise standards included in our Code of Ethics. In the case of any related person transaction involving an outsidedirector or nominee for director, the Audit Committee also is to consider whether the transaction will compromise the director’s status as anindependent director as prescribed in the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. There were no related person transactions in 2013. Exemption Clause Instruction 7(a) to Item 404(a) of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K states that disclosure need not be provided if the transaction is onewhere the rates or charges involved in the transaction are determined by competitive bid, or the transaction involves rendering of services as a common orcontract carrier, or public utility, at rates or charges fixed in conformity with law or governmental authority. Applicable Definitions For purposes of our Audit Committee’s review: ·“related person” has the meaning given to such term in Item 404(a) of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K (“Item 404(a)”); and ·“related person transaction” means any transaction for which disclosure is required under the terms of Item 404(a) involving us and any relatedpersons. Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES BDO USA, LLP, or BDO, serves as our independent registered public accounting firm and audited our financial statements for the years endedDecember 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Audit Fees The fees for 2013 and 2012 from BDO for professional services rendered in connection with the audits of our annual consolidated financial statementsand internal controls over financial reporting and reviews of our unaudited quarterly financial statements and Form S-3 registration statements were $391,730and $376,300, respectively. Tax Fees The aggregate fees billed by BDO for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning were $27,225 and $22,325 for 2013 and2012, respectively. All Other Fees No other services were rendered by BDO in either 2013 or 2012. Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures It is the policy of our Audit Committee that all services to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm, including audit services andpermitted audit-related and non-audit services, must be pre-approved by our Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee pre-approved all services, audit and non-audit, provided to us by BDO for 2013 and 2012. 65 PART IV Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are filed as part of this 10-K: (1) Financial Statements Our consolidated financial statements and the related report of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon are set forth on pages F-1 to F- 24of this Annual Report. These consolidated financial statements are as follows: Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms (2) Financial Statement Schedules The following financial statement schedule is set forth on page F- 24 of this Annual Report. Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 All other schedules are omitted because they are not required, not applicable, or the information is provided in the financial statements or notes thereto. (b) Exhibits See Exhibit Index on page 67 of this Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference. 66 CytRx CorporationForm 10-K Exhibit Index ExhibitNumberDescription Footnote 1.1Underwriting Agreement dated as of January 31, 2014 between CytRx Corporation and Jefferies LLC.(w) 2.1Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 6, 2008, among CytRx Corporation, CytRx Merger Subsidiary, Inc.,Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Steven Kelly(n) 3.1Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of CytRx Corporation, as amended(x) 3.2Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation(y) 3.3Restated By-Laws of CytRx Corporation(a) 4.1Shareholder Protection Rights Agreement dated April 16, 1997 between CytRx Corporation and American Stock Transfer&Trust Company, as Rights Agent(b) 4.2Amendment No. 1 to Shareholder Protection Rights Agreement, dated February 11, 2002(e) 4.3Amendment No. 2 to Shareholder Protection Rights Agreement, dated March 30, 2007(l) 4.4Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 24, 2009, between CytRx Corporation and the purchasers listed on the signaturepages thereto(p) 4.5Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant to be issued by CytRx Corporation to purchasers under the Securities PurchaseAgreement, dated July 24, 2009(p) 4.6Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued by CytRx Corporation, dated August 1, 2011(r) 4.7Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued by CytRx Corporation, dated September 7, 2011(s) 4.8Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 1, 2014, between CytRx Corporation and Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. 10.1*CytRx Corporation 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan(c) 10.2*Amendment No. 1 to CytRx Corporation 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan(f) 10.3*Amendment No. 2 to CytRx Corporation 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan(f) 10.4*Amendment No. 3 to CytRx Corporation 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan(g) 10.5*Amendment No. 4 to CytRx Corporation 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan(g) 10.6*CytRx Corporation Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan(x) 10.7*First Amendment to CytRx Corporation 2008 Stock Incentive Plan(z) 10.8*Second Amendment to CytRx Corporation 2008 Stock Incentive Plan(aa) 10.9*Third Amendment to CytRx Corporation 2008 Stock Incentive Plan(bb) 67 10.10*Fourth Amendment to CytRx Corporation 2008 Stock Incentive Plan(cc) 10.11†License Agreement, dated December 7, 2001, by and between CytRx Corporation and Vical Incorporated(d) 10.12Office Lease between The Kriegsman Capital Group, LLC and Douglas Emmett Joint Venture, dated April 13, 2000(g) 10.13Assignment, Assumption and Consent, effective July 1, 2003, by and among CytRx Corporation, The Kriegsman CapitalGroup, LLC and Douglas Emmett Joint Venture, concerning Office Lease dated April 13, 2000(g) 10.14First Amendment to Office Lease dated October 14, 2005, by and between CytRx Corporation and Douglas Emmett 1993,LLC(j) 10.15†NS-187 License Agreement dated December 28, 2005 between Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Nippon Shinyaku Co.,Ltd.(h) 10.16†License Agreement dated April 17, 2006 between Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and KTB Tumorforschungs GmbH(k) 10.17†License Agreement dated December 6, 2006 between Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and TMRC Co., Ltd.(m) 10.18†License Agreement dated as of August 28, 2007 between Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and TMRC Co. Ltd.(u) 10.19Second Amendment to Office Lease dated June 30, 2008, by and between CytRx Corporation and Douglas Emmett 1993,LLC(o) 10.20Third Amendment to Office Lease dated December 1, 2009, by and between CytRx Corporation and Douglas Emmett1993, LLC (q) 10.21Fourth Amendment to Office Lease dated February 10, 2014, by and between CytRx Corporation and Douglas Emmett1993, LLC (dd) 10.22*Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2013 between CytRx Corporation and Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. 10.23*Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2013, between CytRx Corporation and Benjamin S. Levin 10.24*Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2013, between CytRx Corporation and Scott Wieland 10.25*Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2013, between CytRx Corporation and John Y. Caloz 10.26†Asset Purchase Agreement dated May 13, 2011 by and between CytRx Corporation and Orphazyme ApS(t) 10.27Investment Banking Agreement dated February 14, 2012, between CytRx Corporation and Legend Securities, Inc.(x) 10.28*Fourth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated May 10, 2012, by and between CytRx Corporation andSteven A. Kriegsman.(ee) 10.29*Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement by and between CytRx Corporation and Scott Wieland, dated March 4, 2014 10.30*Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement by and between CytRx Corporation and Benjamin S. Levin, dated March 4,2014 10.31*Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, by and between CytRx Corporation and John Y. Caloz, dated March 4, 2014 10.32*Amendment No. 1 to Fourth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between CytRx Corporation and StevenA. Kriegsman, dated March 4, 2014 68 23.1Consent of BDO USA, LLP 31.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 _______________ * Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. † Confidential treatment has been requested or granted for certain portions which have been blanked out in the copy of the exhibit filed with the Securitiesand Exchange Commission. The omitted information has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 69 (a)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2008 (File No. 000-15327) (b)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on April 17, 1997 (File No. 000-15327) (c)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2001 (File No. 000-15327) (d)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2001 (File No. 000-15327) (e)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2002 (File No. 000-15327) (f)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Proxy Statement filed June 11, 2002 (File No. 000-15327) (g)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 10-K filed on May 14, 2004 (File No. 000-15327) (h)Incorporated by reference to the CytRx Oncology Corp (f/k/a Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) Form 10 filed on April 20, 2006 (i)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 10-Q filed on August 15, 2005 (File No. 000-15327) (j)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on October 20, 2005 (File No. 000-15327) (k)Incorporated by reference to the CytRx Oncology Corp (f/k/a Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) 10-Q filed on November 14, 2006 (FileNo. 000-51534) (l)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 10-K filed on April 2, 2007 (File No. 000-15327) (m)Incorporated by reference to the CytRx Oncology Corp (f/k/a Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) 10-K filed on March 21, 2007 (FileNo. 000-51534) (n)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on June 9, 2008 (File No. 000-15327) (o)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 10-K filed on March 13, 2009 (File No. 000-15327) (p)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on July 27, 2009 (File No. 000-15327) (q)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on December 4, 2009 (File No. 000-15327) (r)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on July 27, 2011 (File No. 000-15327) (s)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on September 13, 2011 (File No. 000-15327) 70 (t)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 10-Q filed on August 9, 2011 (File No. 000-15327) (u)Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CytRx Oncology Corp (f/k/a Innovive Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) filedon November 14, 2007 (File No. 000-51534) (v)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 10-K filed on July 26, 2011 (File No. 000-15327) (w)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on January 31, 2014 (File No. 000-15327) (x)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 10-K filed on March 13, 2012 (File No. 000-15327) (y)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on May 15, 2012 (File No. 000-15327) (z)Incorporated by reference to Annex B of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement filed April 2, 2012 (File No. 000-15327) (aa)Incorporated by reference to Annex C of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement filed April 2, 2012 (File No. 000-15327) (bb)Incorporated by reference to Annex A of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement filed May 17, 2013 (File No. 000-15327) (cc)Incorporated by reference to Annex B of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement filed May 17, 2013 (File No. 000-15327) (dd)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 8-K filed on February 13, 2014 (File No. 000-15327) (ee)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's 8-K filed on October 19, 2012 (File No. 000-15327) 71 SIGNATURES In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by theundersigned, thereunto duly authorized. CYTRX CORPORATION Date: March 4, 2014By:/s/ STEVEN A. KRIEGSMAN Steven A. Kriegsman President and Chief Executive Officer In accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in thecapacities and on the dates indicated. SignatureTitleDate/s/ STEVEN A.KRIEGSMAN Director, President and Chief Executive OfficerMarch 4, 2014Steven A. Kriegsman(Principal Executive Officer) /s/ JOHN Y. CALOZ Chief Financial OfficerMarch 4, 2014John Y. Caloz(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /s/ MAX LINK Chairman of the BoardMarch 4, 2014Max Link, Ph.D. /s/ MARVIN R. SELTER Vice-Chairman of the BoardMarch 4, 2014Marvin R. Selter /s/ LOUIS IGNARRO DirectorMarch 4, 2014Louis Ignarro, Ph.D. /s/ JOSEPH RUBINFELD DirectorMarch 4, 2014Joseph Rubinfeld, Ph.D. /s/ RICHARD L. WENNEKAMP DirectorMarch 4, 2014Richard L. Wennekamp 72 INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTSAND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULECytRx Corporation Consolidated Balance SheetsF- 2Consolidated Statements of OperationsF- 3Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ EquityF- 4Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsF- 5Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsF- 6Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF- 19Financial Statement Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying AccountsF- 21 F-1 CYTRX CORPORATIONCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 2013 2012 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $11,483,112 $14,344,088 Short-term investments 27,084,980 24,000,000 Receivables 117,527 109,802 Interest receivable 8,464 26,517 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,329,742 1,212,041 Total current assets 41,023,825 39,692,448 Equipment and furnishings, net 175,452 253,277 Goodwill 183,780 183,780 Other assets 116,998 102,271 Total assets $41,500,055 $40,231,776 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $3,853,531 $3,060,516 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 2,802,833 3,033,189 Warrant liabilities 24,182,324 3,972,230 Total current liabilities 30,838,688 10,065,935 Commitment and contingencies Stockholders’ equity: Preferred Stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, including 25,000 shares of Series A JuniorParticipating Preferred Stock; no shares issued and outstanding — — Common stock, $.001 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 42,116,964 and 30,607,916 shares issuedand outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively 42,118 30,608 Additional paid-in capital 289,426,100 261,318,638 Treasury stock, at cost (143,796 shares and 90,546 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively) (2,417,247) (2,279,238)Accumulated deficit (276,389,604) (228,904,167)Total stockholders’ equity 10,661,367 30,165,841 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $41,500,055 $40,231,776 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-2 CYTRX CORPORATIONCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Years Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Revenue: Licensing revenue $300,000 $100,000 $250,000 Expenses: Research and development 17,500,469 12,684,793 15,491,301 General and administrative 10,273,576 8,353,330 7,317,169 Depreciation and amortization 120,399 113,936 95,517 27,894,444 21,152,059 22,903,987 Loss before other income (27,594,444) (21,052,059) (22,653,987)Other income (loss): Interest income 137,676 131,666 207,217 Other income, net 183,025 191,416 205,194 Gain (loss) on warrant liability (20,210,094) 2,766,704 7,915,027 Loss before provision for income taxes (47,483,837) (17,962,273) (14,326,549)Income tax expense (1,600) (1,600) (97,996)Net loss $(47,485,437) $(17,963,873) $(14,424,545) Basic and diluted loss per share $(1.44) $(0.78) $(0.80)Basic weighted average shares outstanding 32,891,202 22,973,905 17,935,895 Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 32,891,202 22,973,905 17,935,895 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-3 CYTRX CORPORATIONCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Additional Common Stock Paid-In Accumulated Treasury Shares Issued Amount Capital Deficit Stock Total Balance at December 31, 2010 15,699,835 $15,700 $229,347,262 $(196,515,749) $(2,279,238) $30,567,975 Issuance of stock options/warrants forcompensation and services — — 1,387,701 — — 1,387,701 Common stock and warrants issued inconnection with a public offering 5,600,000 5,600 6,717,339 — — 6,722,939 Options and warrants exercised 2,492 3 (3) — — — Net loss — — — (14,424,545) — (14,424,545)Balance at December 31, 2011 21,302,327 $21,303 $237,452,299 $(210,940,294) $(2,279,238) $24,254,070 Issuance of stock options/warrants forcompensation and services — — 2,391,018 — — 2,391,018 Common stock issued in connectionwith a public offering 9,200,000 9,200 21,467,615 — — 21,476,815 Issuance of restricted stock forcompensation 100,000 100 511 — — 611 Options and warrants exercised 5,589 5 7,195 — — 7,200 Net loss — — — (17,963,873) — (17,963,873)Balance at December 31, 2012 30,607,916 $30,608 $261,318,638 $(228,904,167) $(2,279,238) $30,165,841 Issuance of stock options/warrants forcompensation and services — — 3,798,717 — — 3,798,717 Common stock issued in connectionwith a public offering 11,500,000 11,500 24,083,030 — — 24,094,530 Options and warrants exercised 9,048 10 39,326 — — 39,336 Restricted stock 186,389 186,389 Repurchase of common stock fortreasury (138,009) (138,009)Net loss — — — (47,485,437) — (47,485,437)Balance at December 31, 2013 42,116,964 $42,118 $289,426,100 $(276,389,604) $(2,417,247) $10,661,367 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-4 CYTRX CORPORATIONCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Years Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $(47,485,437) $(17,963,873) $(14,424,545)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 120,399 113,936 95,517 Loss on retirement of equipment and furnishings 2,595 42,267 10,206 Gain (loss) on warrant liability 20,210,094 (2,766,704) (7,915,027) Foreign exchange (gain) loss (118,438) — 17,834 Stock-based compensation expense 3,985,106 2,391,529 1,436,840 Changes in assets and liabilities: Receivable (835) 65,902 83,302 Interest receivable 18,053 14,758 76,349 Income taxes recoverable — — 519,158 Prepaid expenses and other current assets (1,132,428) (173,245) 277,232 Accounts payable 789,655 984,547 1,046,539 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (139,747) (1,753,767) 2,105,212 Total adjustments 23,734,454 (1,080,777) (2,246,838)Net cash used in operating activities (23,750,983) (19,044,650) (16,671,383) Cash flows from investing activities: Proceeds from matured short-term investments 24,000,000 23,125,442 25,644,481 Purchase of short-term investments (27,084,980) (29,067,770) (23,134,292)Proceeds from sale of affiliate’s shares — — 6,938,603 Purchases of equipment and furnishings (41,809) (141,639) (52,868)Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (3,126,789) (6,083,967) 9,395,924 Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from common stock issued in public offering, net of fees 24,094,530 21,476,815 18,939,619 Proceeds from issuance of restricted stock to employee — 100 — Repurchase of Company’s own stock for treasury (117,070) — — Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants 39,336 7,200 — Net cash provided by financing activities 24,016,796 21,484,115 18,939,619 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (2,860,976) (3,644,502) 11,664,160 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 14,344,088 17,988,590 6,324,430 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $11,483,112 $14,344,088 $17,988,590 Supplemental disclosures of non-cash financing activities: Warrants issued in connection with financing $— $— $12,216,680 Repurchase of Company’s own stock for treasury $27,829 $— $— Equipment and furnishings purchased but not paid $3,360 $1,506 $— Supplemental disclosure of Cash Flow Information: Cash paid during the year for income taxes $25,750 $— $— The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-5 CYTRX CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Nature of Business CytRx Corporation (“CytRx” or the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical research and development company specializing in oncology. The Companycurrently is focused on the clinical development of aldoxorubicin (formerly known as INNO-206), its modified version of the widely-used chemotherapeuticagent, doxorubicin. CytRx recently reported positive top-line results from its global Phase 2b clinical trial with aldoxorubicin as a treatment for soft tissuesarcoma, has completed a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial primarily in the same indication, a Phase 1b study of aldoxorubicin in combination with doxorubicin inpatients with advanced solid tumors, and a Phase 1b pharmacokinetics clinical trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. CytRx plans to initiate under aSpecial Protocol Assessment, or “SPA,” granted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the “FDA,” a pivotal Phase 3 global trial of aldoxorubicin as atherapy for patients with soft tissue sarcoma whose tumors have progressed following treatment with chemotherapy. The Company also has initiated Phase 2clinical trials with aldoxorubicin in patients with late-stage glioblastoma (brain cancer) and AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. CytRx plans to expand its pipelineof oncology candidates based on a linker platform technology that can be utilized with multiple chemotherapeutic agents and may allow for greaterconcentration of drug at tumor sites. The Company also has rights to two additional drug candidates, tamibarotene and bafetinib. CytRx has completed itsevaluation of bafetinib in the ENABLE Phase 2 clinical trial in high-risk B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (“B-CLL”), and plans to seek a partner forfurther development of bafetinib. The Company ceased its Phase 2b clinical trial of tamibarotene in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after it failed toshow efficacy. At December 31, 2013, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $11.5 million and short-term investments of $27.1 million.Management believes that the Company’s current cash on hand together with its short-term investments, which additionally includes approximately $80.5million of net proceeds received from the Company’s underwritten public offering on February 5, 2014, will be sufficient to fund its operations for theforeseeable future. The estimate is based, in part, upon the Company’s currently projected expenditures for 2014 of approximately $39.9 million (unaudited),which includes approximately $28.0 million (unaudited) for its clinical programs for aldoxorubicin, approximately $1.5 million (unaudited) for pre-clinicaldevelopment of new albumin-binding cancer drugs, approximately $3.1 million (unaudited) for general operation of its clinical programs, and approximately$7.3 million (unaudited) for other general and administrative expenses. These projected expenditures are also based upon numerous other assumptions andsubject to many uncertainties, and actual expenditures may be significantly different from these projections. The Company will ultimately be required toobtain additional funding in order to execute its long-term business plans, although it does not currently have commitments from any third parties to provide itwith capital. The Company cannot assure that additional funding will be available on favorable terms, or at all. If the Company fails to obtain additionalfunding when needed, it may not be able to execute its business plans and its business may suffer, which would have a material adverse effect on its financialposition, results of operations and cash flows. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation — The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared pursuant to the rules andregulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). TheConsolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CytRx Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Reverse Stock Split — Effective May 15, 2012, the Company completed a 1-for-7 reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding shares of commonstock; no change was made to the per-share par value of the common stock or to the number of shares of authorized common stock. All share and per shareamounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split as if it had occurred at the beginning of theearliest period presented. Revenue Recognition — Revenue consists of license fees from strategic alliances with pharmaceutical companies. Monies received for license fees are deferred and recognized ratably over the performance period in accordance with Financial Accounting StandardsBoard (“FASB”) Accounting Classification Standards (“ASC”) ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Element Arrangements (“ASC 605-25”).Milestone payments will be recognized upon achievement of the milestone as long as the milestone is deemed substantive and the Company has no otherperformance obligations related to the milestone and collectability is reasonably assured, which is generally upon receipt, or recognized upon termination of theagreement and all related obligations. Deferred revenue represents amounts received prior to revenue recognition. F-6 Revenues from contract research, government grants, and consulting fees are recognized over the respective contract periods as the services are performed,provided there is persuasive evidence or an arrangement, the fee is fixed or determinable and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Once allconditions of the grant are met and no contingencies remain outstanding, the revenue is recognized as grant fee revenue and an earned but unbilled revenuereceivable is recorded. There are no grant revenues earned for 2013, 2012 and 2011. Other Income — The Company realized other income of $0.2 million in 2013, resulting from foreign exchange gains, and other income of $0.1 millionin each of 2012 and 2011 on the sub-lease of its New York City rental property inherited on the acquisition of Innovive Pharmaceuticals in 2008. The sub-lease expired in August 2012 and was not renewed. Cash Equivalents — The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.Cash equivalents consist primarily of amounts invested in money market accounts. Short-term Investments — Investment securities held by the Company and expected to mature within 12 months are classified as available for sale. Equipment and Furnishings — Equipment and furnishings are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method based on the estimateduseful lives (generally three to five years for equipment and furniture) of the related assets. Whenever there is a triggering event that might suggest impairment,management evaluates the realizability of recorded long-lived assets to determine whether their carrying values have been impaired. The Company recordsimpairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired and the non-discountedcash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. Any impairment loss is measured by comparing the fairvalue of the asset to its carrying amount. There are no impairment losses recognized in each of 2013, 2012 and 2011. Fair Value Measurements — Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgmentassociated with the inputs used to measure the fair value. Level inputs are as follows:Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2 – other significant observable inputs for the assets or liabilities through corroboration with market data at the measurement date.Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use to price the assets orliabilities at the measurement date.The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2013 for assets and liabilities measuredat fair value on a recurring basis:(In thousands) Level I Level II Level III Total Cash equivalents $10,281 $— $— $10,281 Short-term investments 27,085 — — 27,085 Warrant liabilities — — (24,182) (24,182)The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2012 for assets and liabilities measuredat fair value on a recurring basis:(In thousands) Level I Level II Level III Total Cash equivalents $13,188 $— $— $13,188 Short-term investments 24,000 — — 24,000 Warrant liabilities — — (3,972) (3,972) F-7 The changes in carrying amounts of warrant liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, were as follows: (In thousands) 2013 2012 Beginning balance 3,972 6,739 Net changes in valuation 20,210 (2,767)Ending balance 24,182 3,972 Liabilities measured at market value on a recurring basis include warrant liabilities resulting from recent debt and equity financing. In accordance withASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”), the warrant liabilities are being marked to fair value eachquarter-end until they are completely settled. The warrants are valued using the Black-Scholes method, using assumptions consistent with the Company’sapplication of ASC 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees (“ASC 505-50”). See Warrant Liabilities below. The Company considers carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses to approximate fair value due to the short-termnature of these financial instruments. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets — The Company reviews long-lived assets, including finite lived intangible assets, for impairment if an event occursthat might reduce the fair value of such assets below their carrying values. The Company performs an impairment test of goodwill annually and wheneverevents or changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized based on thedifference between the carrying value of the asset and its estimated fair value, which would be determined based on either discounted future cash flows or otherappropriate fair value methods. Patents and Patent Application Costs — Although the Company believes that its patents and underlying technology have continuing value, the amountof future benefits to be derived from the patents is uncertain. Patent costs are therefore expensed as incurred. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share — Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of commonshares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of common share and common shareequivalents outstanding. Potentially dilutive stock options and warrants to purchase approximately 14.7 million, 11.0 million and 8.2 million shares atDecember 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share, because the effect would be anti-dilutive. Warrant Liabilities —Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include warrant liabilities resulting from the Company’s July 2009 andAugust 2011 equity financings. In accordance with ASC 815-40, the warrant liabilities are being marked to fair value each quarter-end until they arecompletely settled. The warrants are valued using the Black-Scholes method, using assumptions consistent with our application of ASC 505-50. The gain orloss resulting from the marked to market calculation is shown on the Statements of Operations as gain on warrant liability. See “Note 8 – Warrant Liabilities”for additional information related to the determination of fair value of warrants. Shares Reserved for Future Issuance — As of December 31, 2013, the Company has reserved approximately 4.4 million of its authorized but unissuedshares of common stock for future issuance pursuant to its employee stock option plans issued to employees and consultants. Stock-based Compensation — The Company’s stock-based employee compensation plans are described in Note 12. The Company has adopted theprovisions of ASC 718, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees. F-8 For stock options and stock warrants paid in consideration of services rendered by non-employees, the Company recognizes compensation expense inaccordance with the requirements of ASC 505-50, Equity (“ASC 505”), as amended. Non-employee option grants that do not vest immediately upon grant are recorded as an expense over the vesting period. At the end of each financialreporting period prior to performance, the value of these options, as calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, is determined, and compensationexpense recognized or recovered during the period is adjusted accordingly. Since the fair market value of options granted to non-employees is subject to changein the future, the amount of the future compensation expense is subject to adjustment until the common stock options or warrants are fully vested. Research and Development Expenses — Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for direct and overhead-related research expensesand are expensed as incurred. Costs to acquire technologies, including licenses and drugs, that are utilized in research and development and that have noalternative future use are expensed when incurred. Technology developed for use in its products is expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has beenestablished. Clinical Trial Expenses — Clinical trial expenses, which are included in research and development expenses, include obligations resulting from theCompany’s contracts with various clinical research organizations in connection with conducting clinical trials for its product candidates. The Companyrecognizes expenses for these activities based on a variety of factors, including actual and estimated labor hours, clinical site initiation activities, patientenrollment rates, estimates of external costs and other activity-based factors. The Company believes that this method best approximates the efforts expended ona clinical trial with the expenses it records. The Company adjusts its rate of clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from its estimates. If itsestimates are incorrect, clinical trial expenses recorded in any particular period could vary. Income Taxes — The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 740-10, Income Taxes, (“ASC 740”)which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in theCompany’s financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, the Company determines whether or not a tax benefit should be recognized. A tax benefitwill be recognized if the weight of available evidence indicates that the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxauthorities. The recognition and measurement of benefits related to the Company’s tax positions requires significant judgment, as uncertainties often exist withrespect to new laws, new interpretations of existing laws, and rulings by taxing authorities. Differences between actual results and the Company’s assumptionsor changes in its assumptions in future periods are recorded in the period they become known. The Company’s policy is to recognize any interest and penaltiesrelated to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expenses.Concentrations of Risks — Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally ofcash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents in large well-capitalized financial institutions and theCompany’s investment policy disallows investment in any debt securities rated less than “investment-grade” by national ratings services. The Company hasnot experienced any losses on its deposits of cash or cash equivalent or its short-term investments. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financialinstitutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances. Use ofEstimates — The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requiresmanagement to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimatesinclude the accrual for research and development expenses, the basis for the classification of estimated income taxes and the estimate of expense arising fromthe common stock options granted to employees and non-employees. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Use of Estimates — The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.Significant estimates include the accrual for research and development expenses, the basis for the classification of estimated income taxes and the estimate ofexpense arising from the common stock options and warrants granted to employees and non-employees. Actual results could materially differ from thoseestimates. 3. Receivables At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had a receivable of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, primarily related to annual licensing feesdue to the Company. Due to the likelihood of the collectability of the accounts receivable, no allowance was recorded. F-9 4. Prepaid and Other Assets At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had $2.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of prepaid and other current assets, which consistprimarily of deposits on contracts for research and development, prepaid insurance and leases for its facility. 5. Short-term Investments The Company held $27.1 million of short-term investments at December 31, 2013. The Company has classified these investments as available for sale.These investments are comprised of federally insured certificates of deposit and these certificates of deposit accounts detailed as follows: $10.0 million with amaturity date of April 24, 2014, $12.1 million with a maturity date of May 1, 2014, and $5.0 million with a maturity date of October 30, 2014. At December31, 2012, the Company held $24.0 million of short-term investments, which have since matured. 6. Equipment and Furnishings Equipment and furnishings at December 31, 2013 and 2012 consist of the following (in thousands): 2013 2012 Equipment and furnishings $513 $483 Less — accumulated depreciation (338) (230)Equipment and furnishings, net 175 253 Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $120,399, $113,936 and $95,517, respectively. 7. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, 2013 and 2012 are summarized below (in thousands). 2013 2012 Professional fees $316 $340 Research and development costs 2,004 2,340 Wages, bonuses and employee benefits 349 282 Other 134 71 Total $2,803 $3,033 8. Warrant Liabilities Warrants issued in connection with the Company’s July 2009 and August 2011 equity public offerings are classified as liabilities as opposed to equitydue to their settlement terms. These warrants are non-cash liabilities and the Company is not required to expend any cash to settle these liabilities. The fairvalue of these warrants were recorded on the balance sheet at issuance and the warrants were marked to fair value at each financial reporting period, withchanges in the fair value recorded as a gain or loss in the statement of operations. The fair value of the warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes optionpricing model, which requires the use of significant judgment and estimates for the inputs used in the model. The following reflects the weighted-averageassumptions for each of the periods indicated: Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Risk-free interest rate 0.13% - 0.58% 0.25% - 0.45% 0.36% - 0.83%Expected dividend yield 0% 0% 0%Expected lives 0.95 – 2.59 1.95 – 3.59 0.96 – 4.59 Expected volatility 83.4% - 95.3% 72.6% - 76.0% 75.0% - 89.8%Warrants classified as liabilities (in shares) 6,984,716 6,984,716 7,115,447 (Loss) Gain on warrant liabilities $(20,210,094) $2,766,704 $7,915,027 F-10 The dividend yield assumption of zero is based upon the fact the Company has never paid cash dividends and presently has no intention of paying cashdividends. The risk-free interest rate used for each grant is equal to the U.S. Treasury rates in effect at the time of the grant for instruments with a similarexpected life. The expected lives are based on the remaining contractual lives of the related warrants at the valuation date. The Company’s computation ofexpected volatility is based on the historical daily volatility of its publicly traded stock. 9. Commitments and Contingencies The Company acquires assets still in development and enters into research and development arrangements with third parties that often require milestoneand royalty payments to the third party contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events linked to the success of the asset in development. Milestonepayments may be required, contingent upon the successful achievement of an important point in the development life-cycle of the pharmaceutical product (e.g.,approval of the product for marketing by a regulatory agency). If required by the arrangement, CytRx may have to make royalty payments based upon apercentage of the sales of the pharmaceutical product in the event that regulatory approval for marketing is obtained. These arrangements may be material individually, and in the unlikely event that milestones for multiple products covered by these arrangements werereached in the same period, the aggregate charge to expense could be material to the results of operations in any one period. In addition, these arrangements oftengive CytRx the discretion to unilaterally terminate development of the product, which would allow CytRx to avoid making the contingent payments; however,CytRx is unlikely to cease development if the compound successfully achieves clinical testing objectives. CytRx’s current contractual obligations that will require future cash payments are as follows (in thousands): OperatingLeases (1) EmploymentAgreements(2) Subtotal Research andDevelopment(3) Total 2014 $337 $2,575 $2,912 $8,490 $11,402 2015 258 850 1,108 2,106 3,214 2016 228 — 228 943 1,171 2017 255 — 255 681 936 2018 262 — 262 — 262 Thereafter 302 — 302 — 302 Total $1,642 $3,425 $5,067 $12,220 $17,287 ____________(1)Operating leases are primarily facility lease related obligations, as well as equipment lease obligations with third party vendors. The Company recognizedlease expenses of $315,134, $324,536 and $321,782 in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.(2)Employment agreements include management contracts which have been revised from time to time. The employment agreement for the Company’sPresident and Chief Executive Officer provides for a minimum salary level, which is adjusted annually at the discretion of the Company’s CompensationCommittee, as well as for minimum bonuses that are payable. New employment agreements for the Company’s other executive officers are usually enteredinto annually.(3)Research and development obligations relate primarily to clinical trials. Most of these purchase obligations are cancelable. The Company applies the disclosure provisions of ASC 460, Guarantees (“ASC 460”) to its agreements that contain guarantees or indemnities by theCompany. The Company provides (i) indemnifications of varying scope and size to certain investors and other parties for certain losses suffered or incurredby the indemnified party in connection with various types of third-party claims; and (ii) indemnifications of varying scope and size to officers and directorsagainst third party claims arising from the services they provide to the Company. To date, the Company has not incurred material costs as a result of theseobligations and does not expect to incur material costs in the future; further, the Company maintains insurance to cover certain losses arising from theseindemnifications. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued any liabilities in its consolidated financial statements related to these indemnifications orguarantees. The Company is occasionally involved in claims arising in the normal course of business. There were no such claims that the Company expects,individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on CytRx. F-11 10. Equity Transactions On October 15, 2013, the Company completed a $25.9 million underwritten public offering, in which it sold and issued 11.5 million shares of commonstock at a price of $2.25 per share. Net of underwriting discounts, legal, accounting and other offering expenses, the Company received proceeds ofapproximately $24.1 million. On October 23, 2012, the Company completed a $23.0 million underwritten public offering, in which it sold and issued 9.2 million shares of commonstock at a price of $2.50 per share. Net of underwriting discounts, legal, accounting and other offering expenses, the Company received proceeds ofapproximately $21.5 million. Effective May 15, 2012, the Company completed a 1-for-7 reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock; no change wasmade to the per-share par value of the common stock or to the number of shares of authorized common stock. On August 1, 2011, the Company undertook a $20.4 million underwritten public offering in which it sold and issued 5.6 million shares of commonstock at a price of $3.57 per share and warrants at a price of $0.07 per warrant to purchase up to approximately 6.4 million shares of common stock at anexercise price of $4.48 per share. Net of underwriting discounts, legal, accounting and other offering expenses, the Company received proceeds ofapproximately $18.9 million. On July 8, 2011, the Company effected an increase in the authorized shares of common stock from 175,000,000 shares to 250,000,000 shares and anincrease in the designated number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock associated with the Company’s rights plan from 15,000 shares to 25,000 shares. 11. Investment in ADVENTRX Pharmaceuticals On April 8, 2011, ADVENTRX Pharmaceuticals completed its acquisition of SynthRx, Inc., in which the Company held a 19.1% interest. As a result ofthe transaction, the Company received approximately 126,000 shares of common stock of ADVENTRX, which it sold on October 11, 2011 for $112,200,and on June 6, 2012, the Company received an additional 38,196 shares of common stock of ADVENTRX that had been held in an escrow established inconnection with the acquisition, which it sold for $17,900. If all of the development milestones under the acquisition agreement were to be achieved, theCompany also would be entitled to receive up to 2.9 million additional ADVENTRX shares. At the time of the sales, the Company’s interest in SynthRx had azero carrying value. 12. Stock Options and Warrants Stock Options The Company has a 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan under which 1.4 million shares of common stock were originally reserved for issuance. As ofDecember 31, 2013, there were approximately 0.8 million shares subject to outstanding stock options. This plan expired on August 6, 2010, and thus nofurther shares are available for future grant under this plan. The Company also has a 2008 Stock Incentive Plan under which 10.0 million shares of common stock were originally reserved for issuance. The numberof shares reserved for issuance under the 2008 Plan was then fixed at 5.0 million shares, after giving effect to the 1-for-7 reverse stock split implemented onMay 15, 2012, and then fixed at 10.0 million shares by an amendment to this plan approved by the stockholders at the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.As of December 31, 2013, there were 5.6 million shares subject to outstanding stock options and 4.4 million shares available for future grant under this plan. The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition ofcompensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees. F-12 The fair value of the stock options at the date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, based on the following assumptions: 2013 2012 2011 Risk-free interest rate 0.91% - 2.79% 0.83% - 1.78% 1.23%Expected volatility 85% - 89% 0% - 82% 89%Expected lives (years) 6 - 10 6 - 10 6 - 10 Expected dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%The Company’s computation of expected volatility is based on the historical daily volatility of its publicly traded stock. For option grants issued duringyears ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company used a calculated volatility for each grant. The Company lacks adequate information about theexercise behavior at this time and has determined the expected term assumption under the simplified method provided for under ASC 718, which averages thecontractual term of the Company’s options of ten years with the average vesting term of three years for an average of six years. The dividend yield assumptionof zero is based upon the fact the Company has never paid cash dividends and presently has no intention of paying cash dividends. The risk-free interest rateused for each grant is equal to the U.S. Treasury rates in effect at the time of the grant for instruments with a similar expected life. Based on historicalexperience, for the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company has estimated an annualized forfeiture rate of 12% for options granted to its employees, 2%for options granted to senior management and 0% for options granted to directors; for the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company has estimated anannualized forfeiture rate of 12% for options granted to its employees, 2% for options granted to senior management and 0% for options granted to directors;and for the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company estimated an annualized forfeiture rate of 13% for options granted to its employees, 2% for optionsgranted to senior management and 0% for options granted to directors. Compensation costs will be adjusted for future changes in estimated forfeitures. TheCompany will record additional expense if the actual forfeitures are lower than estimated and will record a recovery of prior expense if the actual forfeiture ratesare higher than estimated. No amounts relating to employee stock-based compensation have been capitalized. At December 31, 2013, there remained approximately $4.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted tocurrent and former employees and directors, to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of 1.36 years. Presented below is the Company’s stockoption activity for employees and directors: Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price 2013 2012 2011 2013 2012 2011 Outstanding — beginning of year 3,240,850 1,763,923 1,268,209 $4.08 $6.01 $7.49 Granted 3,323,176 1,541,002 499,286 2.43 1.86 2.38 Exercised (476) (1,071) — 1.93 2.80 — Forfeited (127,812) (63,004) (3,572) 3.09 3.89 6.93 Expired (207,145) — — 9.59 — — Outstanding — end of year 6,228,593 3,240,850 1,763,923 3.11 4.08 6.01 Exercisable at end of year 3,125,720 1,918,461 1,070,419 $3.86 $3.69 $7.49 Weighted average fair value of stockoptions granted during the year: $1.82 $1.44 $1.75 A summary of the activity for unvested employee stock options as of December 31, and changes during the year is presented below: Stock Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value perShare 2013 2012 2011 2013 2012 2011 Nonvested at January 1, 1,322,389 693,504 453,645 $1.57 $2.81 $5.25 Granted 3,323,176 1,541,002 499,286 1.82 1.44 1.75 Vested (1,450,404) (849,113) (255,855) 2.46 3.69 4.90 Pre-vested forfeitures or expired (92,288) (63,004) (3,572) 2.15 2.97 6.93 Nonvested at December 31, 3,102,873 1,322,389 693,504 $1.66 $1.57 $2.81 For stock options paid in consideration of services rendered by non-employees, the Company recognizes compensation expense in accordance with therequirements of ASC 505-50. Non-employee option grants that do not vest immediately upon grant are recorded as an expense over the vesting period. At the end of each financialreporting period prior to performance, the value of these options, as calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, is determined, and compensationexpense recognized or recovered during the period is adjusted accordingly. Since the fair market value of options granted to non-employees is subject to changein the future, the amount of the future compensation expense is subject to adjustment until the common stock options are fully vested. F-13 The Company recorded $40,000, $0 and $31,000 of non-cash charges related to the issuance of stock options to certain consultants in exchange forservices during 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. At December 31, 2013, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested non-employee stock options. Presented below is theCompany’s non-employee stock option activity: Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price 2013 2012 2011 2013 2012 2011 Outstanding — beginning of year 142,143 143,572 142,143 $6.20 $6.17 $6.30 Granted 25,000 — 1,429 2.79 — 2.94 Exercised — (1,429) — — 2.94 — Forfeited — — — — — — Expired — — — — — — Outstanding — end of year 167,143 142,143 143,572 5.69 6.20 6.17 Exercisable at end of year 167,143 133,215 125,714 $5.69 $6.10 $5.95 Weighted average fair value of stockoptions granted during the year: $1.98 $— $2.94 The fair value of the stock options at the date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, based on the following assumptions: 2013 2012 2011 Risk-free interest rate 2.05% — 2.77%Expected volatility 84.8% — 70%Expected lives (years) 10 — 10 Expected dividend yield 0% — 0% A summary of the activity for nonvested, non-employee stock options as of December 31, and changes during the years are presented below: Stock Options Weighted AverageGrant Date FairValue per Share 2013 2012 2011 2013 2012 2011 Nonvested at January 1, 8,929 17,857 41,066 $19.95 $19.95 $13.86 Granted 25,000 — 1,429 1.98 — 0.81 Vested (33,929) (8,928) (24,638) 6.71 19.95 8.61 Pre-vested forfeitures — — — — — — Nonvested at December 31, 0 8,929 17,857 — $19.95 $19.95 The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding stock options under the two plans at December 31, 2013: Range ofExercise Prices Number ofOptions Weighted AverageRemainingContractualLife(years) WeightedAverageExercise Price Number ofOptionsExercisable WeightedAverageContractualLife WeightedAverageExercise Price $1.83 — 2.50 5,130,056 9.45 $2.21 2,102,373 9.45 $2.14 $2.51 — 3.50 194,482 6.93 2.79 151,625 6.93 2.69 $3.51 — 8.00 692,701 5.69 6.67 660,368 5.69 6.75 $8.01 — 32.55 378,497 3.13 8.86 378,497 3.13 8.86 6,395,736 8.59 $3.11 3,292,863 8.59 $3.86 The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options and options vested as of December 31, 2013 and the options exercised during 2013 were $13.0million, $5.8 million and $0, respectively, which represent options whose exercise price was less than the closing fair market value of the Company’scommon stock on December 31, 2013 of $6.27. F-14 Restricted Stock In December 2013, the Company awarded to Dr. Daniel Levitt, Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer, 100,000 shares of CytRx Corporationrestricted stock pursuant to the 2008 Plan, of which 50,000 shares will vest on June 30, 2014, and the remaining 50,000 shares will vest over the subsequentsix months, provided that Dr. Levitt remains employed by the Company on each such date. Those restricted shares were issued pursuant to an agreementdated January 1, 2014. The Company also granted to Dr. Levitt 100,000 shares of CytRx Corporation restricted stock pursuant to the 2008 Plan on December31, 2012, which shares have now fully vested. The fair value of the restricted stock is based on the market price of the Company’s shares on the grant dateless the par value received as consideration. The fair value of the restricted shares granted on January 1, 2014 was $627,000, and the fair value of therestricted shares granted on December 31, 2012 was $186,900. Warrants In August 2013, we issued a warrant to purchase 500,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 per share in connection with afinancial advisory arrangement. In November 2013, we issued two warrants, each to purchase 125,000 shares of our common stock, at exercise prices of$3.00 and $3.75 per share, respectively, in connection with financial advisory arrangements. Warrants issued in connection with the Company’s July 2009 and August 2011 financings are classified as liabilities as opposed to equity due to theirsettlement terms. For 2013, 2012 and 2011, 6,984,716 shares, 6,984,716 shares and 7,115,447 shares, respectively, were underlying such warrants. SeeNote 8 – Warrant Liabilities. All other warrants issued by the Company other than warrants issued in connection with its July 2009 and August 2011 financings are classified asequity; the fair value of the warrants was recorded as additional paid-in capital and no further adjustments are made. A summary of the Company’s warrant activity and related information for the years ended December 31 are shown below. Warrants Weighted AverageExercise Price 2013 2012 2011 2013 2012 2011 Outstanding — beginning of year 7,518,113 7,397,415 1,294,639 $5.09 $5.32 $10.29 Granted 816,667 285,716 6,440,000 2.80 2.06 4.48 Exercised (8,572) (5,714) — 4.48 1.89 5.32 Forfeited — (28,571) — — 1.89 — Expired (1,599) (130,733) (337,224) 14.99 11.90 8.68 Outstanding — end of year 8,324,609 7,518,113 7,397,415 4.86 5.09 5.32 Exercisable at end of year 7,924,609 7,452,396 7,396,701 $4.98 $5.11 $5.31 Weighted average fair value of warrantsgranted during the year: $1.31 $1.22 $2.42 The following table summarizes additional information concerning warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2013: Warrants Outstanding Range of ExercisePrices Number ofShares WeightedAverageRemainingContractual Life(years) WeightedAverageExercise Price WarrantsNumber ofSharesExercisable ExercisableWeighted AverageExercise Price $1.82 — 2.50 860,003 3.26 $2.29 460,003 $2.11 $2.51 — 5.50 6,805,285 2.57 4.43 6,805,285 4.43 $5.51 — 11.50 23,172 0.04 6.12 23,172 6.12 $11.51 — 24.50 636,149 0.82 12.89 636,149 12.89 8,324,609 2.50 $4.86 7,924,609 $4.98 13. Sale of Assets On May 13, 2011, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Orphazyme ApS (“Orphazyme”) pursuant to which it sold toOrphazyme certain pre-clinical and clinical data, intellectual property rights and other assets relating to its compounds associated with molecular chaperoneregulation technology. Under the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company received a cash payment of $150,000 and is entitled to receive various futurepayments that will be contingent upon the achievement of specified regulatory and business milestones, as well as royalty payments based on a specifiedpercentage of any eventual net sales of products derived from the assets. F-15 14. Stockholder Protection Rights Plan Effective April 16, 1997, the Company’s board of directors declared a distribution of one right (“Rights”) for each outstanding share of the Company’scommon stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 15, 1997 and for each share of common stock issued by the Company thereafterand prior to a Flip-in Date (as defined below). Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one-ten thousandth (1/10,000th) of ashare of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of $30. The Rights are generally not exercisable until 10 business days after anannouncement by the Company that a person or group of affiliated persons (an “Acquiring Person”) has acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more of theCompany’s then outstanding shares of common stock (a “Flip-in Date”). In the event the Rights become exercisable as a result of the acquisition of shares, each Right will enable the owner, other than the Acquiring Person, topurchase at the Right’s then-current exercise price a number of shares of common stock with a market value equal to twice the exercise price. In addition,unless the Acquiring Person owns more than 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock, the Board of Directors may elect to exchange all outstandingRights (other than those owned by such Acquiring Person) at an exchange ratio of one share of common stock per Right. All Rights that are owned by anyperson on or after the date such person becomes an Acquiring Person will be null and void. The Rights have been distributed to protect the Company’s stockholders from coercive or abusive takeover tactics and to give the Board of Directors morenegotiating leverage in dealing with prospective acquirers. In April 2007, the Company extended the stockholder rights plan through April 2017. 15. Income Taxes At December 31, 2013, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $191.9 million and $112.4 million, respectively,available to offset against future taxable income, which expire in 2018 through 2033. As a result of a change in-control that occurred in the CytRx shareholder base in July 2002, approximately $10.1 million in federal net operating losscarryforwards became limited in their availability to $4.0 million in total or $363,000 annually. Management currently believes that the remaining $164.9million in federal net operating loss carryforwards, and the $112.4 million in state net operating loss carryforwards, are unrestricted. As of December 31, 2013, CytRx also had research and development and alternative minimum tax credits for federal and state purposes of approximately$9.9 million and $13.5 million, respectively, available for offset against future income taxes, which expire in 2022 through 2033. Based on an assessment ofall available evidence including, but not limited to, the Company’s limited operating history in its core business and lack of profitability, uncertainties of thecommercial viability of its technology, the impact of government regulation and healthcare reform initiatives, and other risks normally associated withbiotechnology companies, the Company has concluded that it is more likely than not that these net operating loss carryforwards and credits will not be realizedand, as a result, a 100% deferred tax valuation allowance has been recorded against these assets. Deferred income taxes reflect the net effect of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and incometax carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities, all of which are long-term, are as follows(in thousands): December 31, 2013 2012 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $69,989 $60,184 Tax credit carryforwards 18,816 15,514 Equipment, furnishings and other 11,313 9,822 Total deferred tax assets 100,118 85,520 Deferred tax liabilities (92) (100)Net deferred tax assets 100,026 85,420 Valuation allowance (100,026) (85,420) $— $— F-16 For all years presented, the Company did not recognize any deferred tax assets or liabilities. The net change in valuation allowance for the years endedDecember 31, 2013 and 2012 was $14.6 million and $14.1 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes differs from the provision computed by applying the Federal statutory rate to net loss before income taxes as follows (inthousands): Years ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Federal benefit at statutory rate $(16,145) $(6,107) $(4,996)State income taxes, net of Federal taxes (1,517) (745) (857)State credits (787) (1,555) Warrant liabilities 6,871 941 Other permanent differences 14 (23) 6 Provision related to change in valuation allowance 14,606 14,069 16,235 Other, net (3,040) (6,578) (10,290) $2 $2 $98 There have been no changes to the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits during the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. As of the date of adoption of ASC 740 and the yearended December 31, 2013, the tax returns for 2009 through 2013 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and various state tax authorities. The Company’s policy is to recognize any interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of the dateof adoption of ASC 740 and the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company had accrued no interest or penalties related to uncertain taxpositions. 16. Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) Summarized quarterly financial data for 2013 and 2012 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data): Quarters Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 (In thousands, except per share data) 2013 Total revenues $— $200 $— $100 Net loss (6,864) (3,423) (9,980) (27,218)Net loss applicable to common stockholders $(6,864) $(3,423) $(9,980) $(27,218)Basic and diluted loss per share applicable to common stock $(0.23) $(0.11) $(0.33) $(0.68) 2012 Total revenues $— $— $— $100 Net income (loss) (10,135) (13,262) 1,584 3,849 Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders $(10,135) $(13,262) $1,584 $3,849 Basic and diluted income (loss) per share applicable to common stock $(0.49) $(0.63) $0.07 $0.14 Quarterly and year-to-date loss per share amounts are computed independently of each other. Therefore, the sum of the per share amounts for the quartersmay not agree to the per share amounts for the year. 17. Subsequent Events On February 5, 2014, the Company completed an $86.0 million underwritten public offering, in which it sold and issued 13.2 million shares ofcommon stock at a price of $6.50 per share. Net of underwriting discounts, legal, accounting and other offering expenses, the Company received proceeds ofapproximately $80.5 million. Immediately after the sale, the Company had approximately 55.3 million shares of common stock outstanding, without givingeffect to the possible exercise of any of the Company’s outstanding warrants or stock options. F-17 The following selected pro forma balance sheet data is derived from our balance sheet as of December 31, 2013 and gives retroactive effect to thecompletion of the underwritten offering, but does not give effect to other events that occurred since December 31, 2013 and thus may not be indicative of ourcurrent financial condition. The information should be read in conjunction with our balance sheet as of December 31, 2013 and related notes. Actual as ofDecember 31,2013 AdjustmentsRelated toFebruary 2014EquityFinancing(unaudited) Pro Forma asof December31, 2013(unaudited) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $11,483,112 $80,534,750 $92,017,862 Short-term investments 27,084,980 — 27,084,980 Prepaid and other current assets 2,455,733 — 2,455,733 Total current assets 41,023,825 80,534,750 121,558,575 Non-current assets 476,230 — 476,230 Total assets $41,500,055 $80,534,750 $122,034,805 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Total current liabilities $30,838,688 $— $30,838,688 Stockholders’ equity: Common stock $42,118 $13,225 $55,343 Additional paid-in-capital 289,426,100 80,521,525 369,947,625 Treasury stock (2,417,247) — (2,417,247) Accumulated deficit (276,389,604) — (276,389,604) Total stockholders’ equity 10,661,367 80,534,750 91,196,117 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $41,500,055 $80,534,750 $122,034,805 F-18 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and StockholdersCytRx CorporationLos Angeles, California We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CytRx Corporation (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the relatedconsolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. In connectionwith our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index under Item15a(2). These consolidated financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinionon these consolidated financial statements and schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require thatwe plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An auditincludes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accountingprinciples used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements andschedule. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of CytRx Corporation atDecember 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of its consolidated operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presentfairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), CytRx Corporation's internalcontrol over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992) issued by theCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 4, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ BDO USA, LLP Los Angeles, CaliforniaMarch 4, 2014 F-19 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and StockholdersCytRx CorporationLos Angeles, California We have audited CytRx Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control –Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). CytRxCorporation’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness ofinternal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A, Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.” Ourresponsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require thatwe plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all materialrespects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, andtesting and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such otherprocedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting andthe preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control overfinancial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflectthe transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permitpreparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are beingmade only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention ortimely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliancewith the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, CytRx Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based onthe COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheetsof the Company as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each ofthe three years in the period ended December 31, 2013 and our report dated March 4, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ BDO USA, LLP Los Angeles, CaliforniaMarch 4, 2014 F-20 CYTRX CORPORATIONSCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTSFor the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 Additions Description Balance atBeginning ofYear Charged toCosts andExpenses Charged toOtherAccounts Deductions Balance atEnd of Year Reserve Deducted in the Balance Sheet from the Asset toWhich it Applies: Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets Year ended December 31, 2013 $85,420,000 $— $14,606,000 $— $100,026,000 Year ended December 31, 2012 $71,351,000 $— $14,069,000 $— $85,420,000 Year ended December 31, 2011 $55,116,000 $— $16,235,000 $— $71,351,000 F-21  EXHIBIT 4.8RESTRICTED STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT This Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into as of January 1, 2014 by and between CytRx Corporation, a Delawarecorporation (the “Company”), and Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. (“Levitt”), with reference to the following facts: RECITALS A. The Company proposes to grant to Levitt under the Company’s 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) 100,000 restricted shares (the“Restricted Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (“Common Stock”) on the terms and provisions set forth in thisAgreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, the Company and Levitt hereby agree as follows: 1. Grant of Restricted Shares. Concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company shall grant and issue to Levitt 100,000Restricted Shares against Levitt’s payment and delivery to the Company of $100, representing the par value of the Restricted Shares. 2. Vesting of the Restricted Shares. (a) Vesting Schedule. The Restricted Shares that shall have vested in accordance with the terms of this Agreement are referred to as “VestedShares,” and the Restricted Shares that shall not have vested are referred to as “Unvested Shares.” All of the Restricted Shares shall be Unvested Shares as ofthe date of issuance hereunder. The Unvested Shares shall vest in accordance with the following schedule: (i) 50,000 of the Restricted Shares shall vest on June 30, 2014, but only if Levitt remains in the continuous employ of theCompany through that date; and (ii) The remaining 50,000 of the Restricted Shares shall vest in six installments of 8,333 shares each (8,335 shares in the case ofthe sixth and final installment) on the last day of each month commencing July 2014 and ending December 2014, but only if Levitt remains in the continuousemploy of the Company through each such date. (b) Accelerated Vesting Upon a Change in Control. Notwithstanding paragraph (a) above, in the event of a “Change in Control” allUnvested Shares shall immediately and automatically vest and become Vested Shares on the day that is one day prior to the completion of the Change inControl. For purposes of this Section 2(b), a “Change in Control” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Company’s 2000 Long-Term IncentivePlan and shall also have the meaning ascribed to the term “Corporate Transaction” in the Company’s 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as each such Plan may beamended from time to time. (c) Accelerated Vesting upon Death or Termination due to Disability, or by the Company without Cause or by Levitt with GoodReason. Notwithstanding paragraph (a) above, any Unvested Shares shall vest in full as of the date of Levitt’s termination of employment on or after January1, 2014 due to Levitt’s death or by the Company without Cause or by Levitt with Good Reason or on account of Levitt’s Disability (as such terms are definedin Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of the Employment Agreement effective as of January 1, 2014 by and between the Company and Levitt (the “2014 EmploymentAgreement”). (d) Forfeiture of Unvested Shares upon Early Termination of Service. If Levitt ceases to be employed by the Company prior toDecember 31, 2014 for any reason other than as described in paragraph (c) above, (i) all of the Restricted Shares that are Unvested Shares as of suchemployment termination date shall immediately and automatically be forfeited and reconveyed to the Company without the necessity for any payment by theCompany and shall be cancelled on the Company’s share record books, and (ii) Levitt shall immediately and automatically cease to have any ownership rightin any and all such Unvested Shares as of such employment termination date.  (e) Stockholder Rights. From the Grant Date and continuing for so long as the Unvested Shares shall not have been forfeited as provided inparagraph (c), above, Levitt shall have the right to vote the Restricted Shares, including the Unvested Shares, and shall have a right to receive any dividendswith respect to the Restricted Shares that the Company may declare regarding the Common Stock, except that any dividend payable with respect to anyUnvested Shares in capital stock or other assets other than cash shall be deemed to be Uninvested Shares under this Agreement and shall be retained by theCompany and released to Levitt only in conjunction with the release to him of the underlying Vested Shares as provided in Section 4, below. 3. No Transfer Permitted of Unvested Shares; Restriction on Transfer of Vested Shares; Taxes. (a) Levitt shall not, and shall not purport to, sell, assign or otherwise transfer any of the Restricted Shares, or any interest therein, that areUnvested Shares. Levitt is permitted to sell, assign or otherwise transfer the Restricted Shares only if and when they become Vested Shares pursuant toSection 2, above. (b) Levitt may satisfy any federal, state or local tax withholding obligation relating to the Restricted Shares by any of the following means orby a combination of such means: (i) tendering a cash payment; or (ii) electing to have the Company withhold or otherwise reacquire Vested Shares from Levitthaving a fair market value equal to the minimum statutory amount required to be withheld in connection with the vesting of such Shares. Notwithstanding theforegoing, but subject to Section 3(c), below, Levitt shall be entitled, in his discretion, to sell such number of Restricted Shares that shall have become VestedShares, as or after they shall have become Vested Shares, to the extent necessary to provide funds to Levitt in an amount equal to the federal and state incometaxes payable by Levitt as a result of Restricted Shares becoming Vested Shares hereunder, assuming for this purpose that Levitt is subject to federal and stateincome tax at the highest marginal tax rates under applicable federal and state law. (c) Any and all sales of Vested Shares permitted under Section 3(b), above, to satisfy Levitt’s federal and state income tax obligations shallbe made exclusively under a plan established by Levitt and implemented in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Levitt agrees to furnish such 10b5-1 plan to the Company in advance of any such permitted sales of Vested Sharesand that the Company, in its discretion, may disclose in the Company’s periodic or current reports filed under the Exchange Act Levitt’s establishment ofsuch 10b5-1 plan and the material terms thereof. Nothing in this Section 3 shall affect Levitt’s responsibilities under any insider trading policy or otherapplicable policy of the Company in connection with any permitted sale of Vested Shares hereunder. 4. Stock Certificates. (a) Concurrently herewith, the Company shall issue in book-entry form in Levitt’s name the Restricted Shares. The Company shall retainthe same, and any stock certificate or certificates or other evidence of the Unvested Shares at any time. For purposes of facilitating the enforcement of thisAgreement, concurrently herewith Levitt shall deliver a Stock Power, in substantially the form that is attached hereto as Exhibit A, executed in blank by Levittand Levitt’s spouse, with respect to the Restricted Shares, to the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company, to hold in escrow for so long as theRestricted Shares remain Unvested Shares, with the authority to take all such actions and to effectuate all such transfers and releases as may be necessary orappropriate to accomplish the objectives of this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof. Levitt hereby acknowledges that the appointment of theSecretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company as the escrow holder hereunder with the authority stated is a material inducement to the Company to grant theRestricted Shares and enter into this Agreement, and that such appointment is coupled with an interest and is accordingly irrevocable. Levitt agrees that suchescrow holder shall not be liable to any party for any actions or omissions unless such escrow holder is guilty of intentional misconduct, bad faith or grossnegligence relative thereto. The escrow holder may rely upon any letter, notice or other document executed by any signature purported to be genuine and mayresign at any time. (b) The Company shall release to Levitt in book-entry form in his name the Vested Shares if and when they become Vested Shareshereunder. 5. Levitt’s Representations and Warranties. In connection with the receipt of the Restricted Shares, Levitt hereby represents and warrants as follows: (a) Access to Information. The Company has furnished Levitt the prospectus relating to the Plan, and Levitt has had access to and asufficient opportunity to review all annual and periodic reports and proxy and information statements that the Company has filed with the SEC during thetwelve months prior to the date hereof. Neither the Company nor any of its officers, other directors, employees or other agents has made any representation orrecommendation to Levitt about the advisability of Levitt’s acceptance or retention of the Restricted or the sale of any Vested Shares.  (b) Tax Matters. The Company previously advised Levitt to consult with his own tax advisor regarding whether an election under Section83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, should be made by Levitt within thirty days after the date hereof. Levitt shall be solely responsiblefor the payment of any and all federal, state and other taxes that may be imposed on Levitt by reason of the grant of the Restricted Shares and any vesting orsubsequent sale of the Vested Shares. (c) Levitt acknowledges and agrees that any certificates or other documentation evidencing the Restricted Shares shall bear a legend ornotation substantially as follows: THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN VESTING AND FORFEITURE PROVISIONS AS SETFORTH IN A RESTRICTED STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CORPORATION AND THE REGISTERED HOLDER, A COPYOF WHICH IS ON FILE AT THE PRINCIPAL OFFICE OF THE CORPORATION.(d) In addition, the Company shall make a notation regarding the restrictions on transfer of the Restricted Shares in its stock books, andshares of the Restricted Shares shall be transferred on the books of the Company only if transferred or sold in accordance with this Agreement. (e) No Right to Continuing Employment. Levitt understands that nothing in this Agreement gives him a right to continued employment bythe Company. 6. Miscellaneous Provisions. (a) Further Instruments. The Company and Levitt agree to execute such further instruments and to take such further actions as may bereasonably necessary to carry out the intent of this Agreement. (b) Plan Provisions. The grant of the Restricted Shares and the terms of this Agreement are subject to the terms and provisions of thePlan. In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and of the Plan, the provisions of the Agreement shall govern. (c) Complete Agreement. This Agreement, the 2014 Employment Agreement, the Indemnification Agreement dated December 9, 2013between the Company and Levitt and the Plan constitute the complete and exclusive agreement between the Company and Levitt with respect to the subjectmatter herein and replace and supersede any and all other prior written and oral agreements or statements by the parties relating to such subject matter. (d) Successors and Assigns. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement relating to the non-transferability of the Unvested Shares, thisAgreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company and Levitt and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Wheneverappropriate in this Agreement, references to the Company or Levitt shall be deemed to refer to such person’s legal representative, estate or other transferees,successors or permitted assigns, as applicable. (e) Amendment and Termination. This Agreement may be amended or terminated only by a writing executed by both the Company andLevitt. (f) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by facsimile and in two counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, butboth of which shall constitute one and the same instrument. (g) Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the internal laws of the State ofDelaware without giving effect to such state’s conflict-of-law principles. (h) Spousal Consent. Levitt shall cause his spouse, if any, to execute a Consent of Spouse in substantially the form of that attached heretoas Exhibit B concurrently with the execution of this Agreement or, if Levitt is not now married, at such later time as he may marry. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and Levitt have executed and delivered this Agreement as of the day and year first written above. CYTRX CORPORATION By: /s/ Steven A. KriegsmanName: Steven A. KriegsmanTitle: President and CEO /s/ Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. EXHIBIT 10.22 EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT This Employment Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of January 1, 2014 (the “Effective Date”) by and between CytRxCorporation, a Delaware corporation (“Employer”), and Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D., an individual and resident of the State of California (“Employee”). WHEREAS, Employer desires to continue to employ Employee, and Employee is willing to be employed by Employer, on the terms set forth in thisAgreement. NOW, THEREFORE, upon the above premises, and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the partieshereto agree as follows. 1. Employment. Effective as of the Effective Date, Employer shall continue to employ Employee, and Employee shall continue to serve, asEmployer’s Chief Medical Officer and Executive Vice President on the terms set forth herein. 2. Duties; Places of Employment. Employee shall perform in a professional and business-like manner, and to the best of his ability, the dutiesdescribed on Schedule 1 to this Agreement and such other duties as are mutually agreed to from time to time by Employee and Employer’s President and ChiefExecutive Officer. Subject to the succeeding sentences, Employee’s services hereunder shall be rendered at Employer’s San Francisco office and its corporateoffices in Los Angeles, California, except for travel when and as required in the performance of Employee’s duties hereunder. Employee may work remotelyfrom the San Francisco office and during such time, Employee shall make himself readily accessible to Employer by telephone, via the Internet or other remoteaccess, as Employee deems reasonably necessary for the performance of Employee’s services hereunder. Employer shall make available to Employee remotecomputer access in Employer’s San Francisco office to Employer’s computerized systems and shall provide technical and hardware support. 3. Time and Efforts. Subject to this Section 3, Employee shall devote all of his business time, efforts, attention and energies to Employer’sbusiness. Employer agrees that Employee may continue to serve as a director on the board of directors of Aquinox Corp. and as a director and treasurer of theboard of the San Francisco SPCA. In addition, Employee may serve on the board or advisory committee of other companies or organizations or provideconsulting services to other companies or organizations, provided in each case that such company or organization is not directly competitive with Employer.Employee shall inform Employer of such services. 4. Term. The term (the “Term”) of Employee’s employment hereunder shall commence on the Effective Date and shall expire on December 31, 2014,unless sooner terminated in accordance with Section 6. Neither Employer nor Employee shall have any obligation to extend or renew this Agreement. In theevent that Employer does not offer to extend or renew the Agreement, Employer shall continue to pay Employee his salary as provided for in Section 5.1 duringthe period commencing on the final date of the Term and ending on December 31, 2015. 5. Compensation. As the total consideration for Employee’s services rendered hereunder, Employer shall pay or provide Employee the followingcompensation and benefits: 5.1. Salary. Employee shall be entitled to receive an annual salary of FIVE HUNDRED TWENTY FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS($525,000.00), payable in accordance with Employer’s normal payroll policies and procedures 5.2. Bonus. Employee is eligible for a bonus for his services during the Term. The bonus, payable with respect to calendar year 2014shall not be less than ONE HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS ($150,000.00). One half of such bonus (i.e. not less than $75,000) shall be paidon or before June 30, 2014, and the other half of such bonus (i.e. not less than $$75,000) shall be paid on or before December 31, 2014. 5.3. Expense Reimbursement. (a) Employer shall reimburse Employee for reasonable and necessary business expenses incurred byEmployee in connection with the performance of Employee’s duties in accordance with Employer’s usual practices and policies in effect from time to time;provided, however, that Employee shall be permitted to fly business class or better on all plane trips that are scheduled for more than two (2) hours induration. (b) When Employee travels to Employer’s corporate offices, Employer shall pay for (i) round-trip airfare and airport parking or other groundtransportation to and from the airports, or, (ii) if driving, the cost of gas and meals, but shall not pay for any other food or other incidentals except asspecifically set forth herein. During the Term, Employer shall provide Employee with (i) access to a furnished apartment leased by Employer in reasonableproximity to Employer’s corporate offices, inclusive of parking, utilities, cable and Internet access, weekly cleaning and laundry service, (ii) Employer-paidmemberships to (x) a health club reasonably near Employer’s corporate offices and (y) one airline club, and (iii) the use of a rental car leased by Employerwith Employer-paid insurance for use while in Los Angeles, California.  5.4. Tax Gross-Ups. (a) Travel and Housing Payments. In the event it shall be determined that any payment by the Employer to or for the benefit of Employeeunder Section 5.3(b) above (whether paid or payable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additionalpayments required under this Section 5.4) (a “Travel and Housing Payment”) would be subject to federal or state income or payroll tax (such income andpayroll tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Additional Section 5.3(b) Income Tax”), then Employeeshall be entitled to receive an additional payment (a “Gross-Up Payment”) in an amount such that after payment by Employee of all taxes (including anyinterest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including, without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respectthereto) imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, Employee retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the Additional Section 5.3(b) Income Taximposed upon the Travel and Housing Payments. (b) Change in Control Payments. In the event it shall be determined that any payment or distribution by the Employer to or for the benefitof Employee (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, including Section 5.3 above, or otherwise, butdetermined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 5.4) (a “Change in Control Payment”) would be subject to the excise taximposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) or any interest or penalties are incurred by Employee with respect tosuch excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Excise Tax”), then Employee shallbe entitled to receive an additional payment (a “Parachute Gross-Up Payment”) in an amount such that after payment by Employee of all taxes (including anyinterest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including, without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respectthereto) and Excise Tax imposed upon the Parachute Gross-Up Payment, Employee retains an amount of the Parachute Gross-Up Payment equal to the ExciseTax imposed upon the Change in Control Payments. (c) Subject to the provisions of Section 5.4(e) hereof, all determinations required to be made under this Section 5.4, including whetherand when a Gross-Up Payment or a Parachute Gross-Up Payment is required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment or Parachute Gross-Up Payment,whichever shall apply, and the assumptions to be used in arriving at such determination, shall be made by an independent auditor (the “Auditor”) jointlyselected by Employee and Employer and paid by Employer. If Employee and Employer cannot agree on the firm to serve as the Auditor, then they shall eachselect an accounting firm and those two firms shall jointly select the accounting firm to serve as the Auditor. Unless Employee agrees otherwise in writing,the Auditor shall be a nationally recognized United States public accounting firm that has not during the two years preceding the date of its selection, actedin any way on behalf of Employer. Employee and Employer shall cooperate with each other in connection with any proceeding or claim relating to theexistence or amount of any liability for Excise Tax. All expenses relating to any such proceeding or claim (including attorneys’ fees and other expensesincurred by Employee in connection therewith) shall be paid by Employer promptly upon demand by Employee, and any such payment shall be subject toa Parachute Gross-Up Payment under Section 5.4(b) in the event that Employee is subject to Excise Tax on it or a Gross-Up Payment in the event thatEmployee is subject to an Additional Section 5.3(b) Income Tax on it. (d) The Auditor shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Employer and Employee within 15 business days of thereceipt of notice from Employee that there has been a Change in Control Payment or the Travel and Housing Payment is being treated as taxable income toEmployee. All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Employer. Any Gross-Up Payment or Parachute Gross-Up Payment,as determined pursuant to this Section 5.4, shall be paid by the Employer to Employee on the first to occur of (i) five business days prior to the time theExcise Tax or the Additional Section 5.3(b) Income Tax, as applicable, is payable and (ii) within five days of the receipt of the Auditor’s determination. Anydetermination by the Auditor shall be binding upon the Employer and Employee. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Sections 61 or 4999 ofthe Code at the time of the initial determination by the Auditor hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments or Parachute Gross-Up Payments whichwill not have been made by the Employer should have been made (“Underpayment”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder. In theevent that the Employer exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 5.4(e) and Employee thereafter is required to make a payment of any Additional Section5.3(b) Income Tax or any Excise Tax, the Auditor shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment shall bepromptly paid by the Employer to or for the benefit of Employee. (e) Employee shall notify the Employer in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require thepayment by the Employer of the Gross-Up Payment or the Parachute Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but nolater than thirty days after Employee is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Employer of the nature of such claim and the date on whichsuch claim is requested to be paid. Employee shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which it gives suchnotice to the Employer (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Employer notifiesEmployee in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, Employee shall:  (i) give the Employer any information reasonably requested by the Employer relating to such claim, (ii) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Employer shall reasonably request in writing from time totime, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Employer, (iii) cooperate with the Employer in good faith in order effectively to contest such claim, and (iv) permit the Employer to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Employer shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred in connectionwith such contest and shall indemnify and hold Employee harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penaltieswith respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses. Without limitation of the foregoing provisions to thisSection 5.4(e), the Employer shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forgo any and alladministrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the taxing authority in respect of such claim. 5.5. Vacation. Employee shall continue to accrue vacation days without loss of compensation in accordance with Employer’s usualpolicies applicable to all employees at a rate of four weeks’ vacation time for each 12-month period during the Term. 5.6. Employee Benefits. Employee shall be eligible to participate in any employee benefits made available generally by Employer to all ofits employees under its group plans and employment policies in effect during the Term; provided, however, that Employee waives coverage in Employer’sgroup medical plan. Schedule 2 hereto sets forth a summary of such plans and policies as currently in effect. Employee acknowledges and agrees that, anysuch plans or policies now or hereafter in effect may be modified or terminated by Employer at any time in its discretion. 5.7. Payroll Taxes. Employer shall have the right to deduct from the compensation and benefits due to Employee hereunder any and allsums required for social security and withholding taxes and for any other federal, state, or local tax or charge which may be in effect or hereafter enacted orrequired as a charge on the compensation or benefits of Employee. 5.8. Equity Awards. Employee shall also be eligible for grants of stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards based onEmployer stock in accordance with Employer’s practices and policies with respect to its senior executives. 6. Termination. This Agreement may be terminated as set forth in this Section 6. 6.1. Termination by Employer for Cause. Employer may terminate Employee’s employment hereunder for “Cause” upon notice toEmployee. “Cause” for this purpose shall mean any of the following: (a) Employee’s breach of any material term of this Agreement; provided that the first occasion of any particular breach shall notconstitute such Cause unless Employee shall have previously received written notice from Employer stating the nature of such breach and affording Employeeat least 30 calendar days to correct such breach; (b) Employee’s conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, any misdemeanor, felony or other crime of moral turpitude; (c) Employee’s conviction of fraud injurious to Employer or its reputation; or (d) Employee’s continual failure or refusal (other than due to his death or “Disability” as defined in Section 6.3) to perform hismaterial duties as required under this Agreement after written notice from Employer stating the nature of such failure or refusal and affording Employee at least30 calendar days to correct the same.  Upon termination of Employee’s employment by Employer for Cause, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease andEmployee shall be entitled only to payment in a lump sum, not later than three days after the date of termination, equal to the sum of (1) of any accrued butunpaid salary and unused vacation as provided in Sections 5.1 and 5.5 as of the date of such termination, (2) any unpaid bonus that may have been earnedor awarded Employee as provided in Section 5.2 prior to such date (3) the minimum bonus under section 5.2 for the annual period in which such terminationoccurs, prorated through the date of such termination, and (4) such benefits, if any, to which Employee or his dependents or beneficiaries may then be entitledas a participant under the employee benefit plans referred to in Section 5.6. In the event of the termination of Employee’s employment for Cause, Employee’sstock options and any other equity awards based on Employer’s securities, such as restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights,performance units, etc. shall, to the extent then vested and exercisable, remain vested and exercisable in accordance with their terms. 6.2. Termination by Employer without Cause. Employer may also terminate Employee’s employment without Cause upon not less than tendays written notice to Employee. Upon the effective date of the termination of Employee’s employment by Employer without Cause under this Section 6.2, allcompensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease and Employee shall be entitled to (a) a lump sum cash payment on the effective date ofEmployee’s termination of employment of (1) any accrued but unpaid salary and unused vacation as of the date of such termination as required by Californialaw, which shall be due and payable upon the effective date of such termination, (2) any accrued but unpaid bonus due under Section 5.2 for any annualperiod ended prior to the date of such termination, (3) the minimum bonus described in Section 5.2 applied to the base salary as if paid through the end of theTerm, (4) such benefits, if any, to which Employee or his dependents or beneficiaries may then be entitled as a participant under the employee benefit plansreferred to in Section 5.6, (b) as of the effective date of Employee’s termination, full (100%) and immediate vesting of all of Employee’s restricted stock andstock options and any other equity awards based on Employer securities, such as restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units, etc., allof which shall remain exercisable for their full term, (c) payment of any Tax Gross-Up or Parachute Tax Gross-Up payment as described in Section 5.4, (d)an amount, which shall be due and payable within ten days following the effective date of such termination, equal to the sum of (1) Employee’s salary asprovided in Section 5.1 and (2) the minimum bonus under Section 5.2 that would otherwise be payable for the period (the “Severance Period”) commencingon the date of termination of Employee’s employment and ending on the first anniversary of such termination date, provided that if the date of terminationoccurs following a Change of Control (as hereinafter defined), then the salary and bonus payments described in clauses (1) and (2) of this sentence shallinstead be calculated using a 24-month “Severance Period” that commences on the date of termination and end on the second anniversary of such terminationdate. In addition, Employer shall provide Employee and his dependents with continued participation, at Employer’s cost and expense, for a period of 12months following such termination, in any Employer-sponsored group benefit plans in which Employee was participating as of the date of termination.Section 6.2(a)(2) and 6.2(b), Employee shall have executed and delivered to Employer a Separation Agreement and General Release in the form attached heretoas Exhibit A. 6.3. Death or Disability. In the event of Employee’s death or “Disability” (as defined below) during the Term, the Employee’s employmentshall automatically cease and terminate as of the date of Employee’s death or the effective date of Employer’s written notice to Employee of its decision toterminate his employment by reason of his Disability, as the case may be, and Employee or his heirs or personal representative shall be entitled to the samepayments and benefits, at the same times, as described in Section 6.2 for a termination of employment by Employer without Cause. Likewise, any stockoptions, restricted stock and other equity awards held by Employee at the time of his death or Disability shall immediately vest in full upon such terminationand shall remain exercisable thereafter for the full term of such options and equity rights. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision of Section 6.2,Employer’s obligation to pay Employee the salary and bonus called for in Section 6.2 for the Severance Period following termination of his employment byreason of his Disability shall be subject to offset and shall be reduced by any and all amounts paid to Employee under any disability insurance policy paid orprovided for by Employer as provided in Section 5.6 or otherwise. Employee’s “Disability” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in any policy ofdisability insurance maintained by Employer (or by Employee, as the case may be) with respect to Employee or, if no such policy is then in effect, shall meanEmployee’s inability to fully perform his duties hereunder for any period of at least 75 consecutive days or for a total of 90 days, whether or not consecutive. 6.4. Termination by Employee for Good Reason. Employee may terminate his employment hereunder for “Good Reason,” which shallmean any material breach by Employer of the terms hereof that is not corrected by Employer within five days after written notice by Employee to Employer,including, without limitation, (i) the assignment to Employee of any duties inconsistent in any respect with his position as Chief Medical Officer andExecutive Vice President (including status, offices, titles, reporting requirements, authority, duties or responsibilities); (ii) any failure by Employer to complywith its compensation obligations under this Agreement; (iii) Employer’s requiring Employee to relocate from San Francisco or report to any office or locationmore than ten miles of the current location of the Company’s headquarters; or (iv) the failure of any purchaser of substantially all the assets of the Employer toassume or renew this Agreement. If Employee terminates his employment for Good Reason, subject to Employer’s right to cure as set forth above, thetermination shall take effect on the effective date (determined under Section 15) of the written notice to Employer, and Employee shall be entitled to the samepayments and benefits, at the same times, described in Section 7.2 for a termination by Employer without Cause. 6.5. Termination by Employee without Good Reason. Employee shall have the right to voluntarily terminate his employment hereunder atany time without Good Reason upon 30 days’ written notice to Employer. A voluntary termination by Employee in accordance with this Section 6.5 shall notbe deemed a breach of this Agreement. Upon any voluntary termination of employment by Employee without Good Reason pursuant to this Section 6.5,Employee shall be entitled only to such payments and benefits as those described in Section 7.1 for a termination by Employer for Cause. 6.6. Termination in Connection with a Change in Control. For purposes of this Section 7.5, a “Change in Control” shall have the meaningascribed to such term in Employer’s 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan and shall also have the meaning ascribed to the term “Corporate Transaction” inEmployer’s 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as each such Plan may be amended from time to time. If a Change in Control occurs during the Term, and if, withintwo years after the date on which the Change in Control occurs, Employee’s employment is terminated by Employer without Cause or by Employee for GoodReason, then Employee will be entitled to the payments and benefits described in the proviso found in the third from the last sentence of Section 6.2 above, atthe same times, described in Section 6.2 for a termination by Employer without Cause.  6.7. No Mitigation; No Offset. Employee shall have no obligation to seek other employment or to otherwise mitigate Employer’s obligationsto him arising from the termination of his employment, and no amounts paid or payable to Employee by Employer under this Agreement shall be subject tooffset for any remuneration to which Employee may become entitled from any other source after his employment with Employer terminates, whetherattributable to subsequent employment, self-employment or otherwise. 7. Confidentiality. While this Agreement is in effect and for a period of five years thereafter, and except as otherwise required by law or legal processand after reasonable notice to Employer and opportunity for Employer to intervene, Employee shall hold and keep secret and confidential all “trade secrets”(within the meaning of applicable law) and other confidential or proprietary information of Employer and shall use such information only in the course ofperforming Employee’s duties hereunder; provided, however, that with respect to trade secrets, Employee shall hold and keep secret and confidential suchtrade secrets for so long as they remain trade secrets under applicable law. Employee shall maintain in trust all such trade secrets or other confidential orproprietary information, as Employer’s property, including, but not limited to, all documents concerning Employer’s business, including Employee’s workpapers, telephone directories, customer information and notes, and any and all copies thereof in Employee’s possession or under Employee’s control. Uponthe expiration or earlier termination of Employee’s employment with Employer, or upon request by Employer, Employee shall deliver to Employer all suchdocuments belonging to Employer, including any and all copies in Employee’s possession or under Employee’s control. 8. Equitable Remedies; Injunctive Relief. Employee hereby acknowledges and agrees that monetary damages are inadequate to fully compensateEmployer for the damages that would result from a breach or threatened breach of Section 7 of this Agreement and, accordingly, that Employer shall be entitledto equitable remedies, including, without limitation, specific performance, temporary restraining orders, and preliminary injunctions and permanentinjunctions, to enforce such Section without the necessity of proving actual damages in connection therewith. This provision shall not, however, diminishEmployer’s right to claim and recover damages or enforce any other of its legal or equitable rights or defenses. 9. Indemnification; Insurance. Employer and Employee acknowledge that, as the Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of theEmployer, Employee shall be a corporate officer of Employer and, as such, Employee shall be entitled to indemnification to the fullest extent of the law as setforth in the Indemnification Agreement dated December 9, 2013 between the parties. 10. Severable Provisions. The provisions of this Agreement are severable and if any one or more provisions is determined to be illegal or otherwiseunenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions, and any partially unenforceable provisions to the extent enforceable, shall nevertheless be bindingand enforceable. 11. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and shall be binding upon Employer, its successors and assigns andEmployee and his heirs and representatives; provided, however, that neither party may assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of the otherparty. 12. Entire Agreement. Except for the Indemnification Agreement dated December 9, 2013, and the 2014 Restricted Stock agreement betweenEmployer and Employee this Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties relating to the subject matter hereof, and the parties hereto have made noagreements, representations or warranties relating to the subject matter of this Agreement that are not set forth otherwise herein. This Agreement supersedes anyand all prior agreements, written or oral, between Employee and Employer relating to the subject matter hereof. Any such prior agreements are herebyterminated and of no further effect, and Employee, by the execution hereof, agrees that any compensation provided for under any such agreements isspecifically superseded and replaced by the provisions of this Agreement. 13. Amendment. No modification of this Agreement shall be valid unless made in writing and signed by the parties hereto and unless such writing ismade by an executive officer of Employer (other than Employee). The parties hereto agree that in no event shall an oral modification of this Agreement beenforceable or valid. 14. Governing Law. This Agreement is and shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California without givingeffect to California’s choice-of-law rules.  15. Notice. All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and mailed, telecopied (in case of notice to Employeronly) or delivered by hand or by a nationally recognized courier service guaranteeing overnight delivery to a party at the following address (or to such otheraddress as such party may have specified by notice given to the other party pursuant to this provision): If to Employer: CytRx Corporation11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650Los Angeles, California 90049Facsimile: (310) 826-5529Attention: Chief Executive OfficerIf to Employee: __________________________________________ 16. Survival. Sections 4, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6 through 16, 18 and 20 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 17. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which together shallbe deemed to be one and the same agreement. A counterpart executed and transmitted by facsimile shall have the same force and effect as an originally executedcounterpart. 18. Attorney’s Fees. In any action or proceeding to construe or enforce any provision of this Agreement the prevailing party shall be entitled to recoverits or his reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs of suit (up to a maximum of $15,000) in addition to any other recoveries. 19. No Interpretation of Ambiguities Against Drafting Party. This Agreement has been negotiated at arm's length between persons knowledgeable inthe matters dealt with herein. Accordingly, the parties agree that any rule of law, including, but not limited to, California Civil Code Section 1654 or any otherstatutes, legal decisions, or common law principles of similar effect, that would require interpretation of any ambiguities in this Agreement against the partythat has drafted it, is of no application and is hereby expressly waived. The provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted in a reasonable manner to effectthe intentions of the parties hereto. 20. Section 409A of the Code. This Agreement is intended to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code and theregulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 409A”), and shall be administered in accordance with Section 409A to the extent Section 409A of the Codeapplies to the Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in the Agreement to the contrary, distributions pursuant to the Agreement that are subject to Section 409Amay only be made in a manner, and upon an event, permitted by Section 409A. The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted to avoid the imposition of any additional tax, penalty or interest under Section409A while preserving, to the extent possible, the intended benefits hereunder payable to Employee. Employer and Employee agree that any payment madepursuant to this Agreement due to Employee’s “separation from service” as defined in Section 409A shall be delayed in accordance with Section409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code (six month delay) if and to the extent required to avoid the imposition of any tax, penalty or interest under Section 409A. Anysuch delayed payments will be paid in a lump sum on the earliest date on which the Company may provide such payment to Employee without Employee’sincurring any additional tax or interest pursuant to Section 409A. Further, any additional cost to Employee by reason of such postponement period,including, for example, Employee’s payment of the cost of health benefits during the postponement period, shall be reimbursed by the Company to Employeeafter such period has ended. If Employee dies during the postponement period prior to the payment of benefits, the amounts withheld on account ofSection 409A shall be paid to Employee’s beneficiary, or if none, to the personal representative of Employee’s estate within 30 days after the date of Employee’sdeath. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is executed as of the day and year first above written. “EMPLOYER” CytRx Corporation By: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman Steven A. KriegsmanPresident & Chief Executive Officer “EMPLOYEE” /s/ Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D. EXHIBIT 10.23 EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT This Employment Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of January 1, 2014 (the “Effective Date”) by and between CytRxCorporation, a Delaware corporation (“Employer”), and Benjamin S. Levin, an individual and resident of the State of California (“Employee”). WHEREAS, Employer desires to employ Employee, and Employee is willing to be employed by Employer, on the terms set forth in this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, upon the above premises, and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the partieshereto agree as follows. 1. Employment. Effective as of the Effective Date, Employer shall continue to employ Employee, and Employee shall continue to serve, asEmployer’s General Counsel, Senior Vice President and Corporate Secretary on the terms set forth herein. 2. Duties; Place of Employment. Employee shall perform in a professional and business-like manner, and to the best of his ability, the dutiesdescribed on Schedule 1 to this Agreement and such other duties as are assigned to him from time to time by Employer’s President and Chief ExecutiveOfficer. Employee understands and agrees that his duties, title and authority may be changed from time to time in the discretion of Employer’s President andChief Executive Officer. Employee’s services hereunder shall be rendered at Employer’s principal executive office, except for travel when and as required inthe performance of Employee’s duties hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Employer understands and agrees that Employee shall be entitled to renderhis services hereunder from his home on Friday of each week except as required by Employer in extraordinary circumstances. 3. Time and Efforts. Employee shall devote all of his business time, efforts, attention and energies to Employer’s business and to discharge hisduties hereunder. 4. Term. The term (the “Term”) of Employee’s employment hereunder shall commence on the Effective Date and shall expire on December 31, 2014,unless sooner terminated in accordance with Section 6. Neither Employer nor Employee shall have any obligation to extend or renew this Agreement. In theevent that Employer does not offer to extend or renew the Agreement, Employer shall continue to pay Employee his salary as provided for in Section 5.1 duringthe period commencing on the final date of the Term and ending on (a) June 30, 2015 or (b) the date of Employee’s re-employment with another employer,whichever is earlier; provided that, as a condition to Employer’s obligations under this sentence, Employee shall have executed and delivered to Employer aSeparation Agreement and General Release in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. Employee shall notify Employer immediately in the event Employeeaccepts such employment with another employer. 5. Compensation. As the total consideration for Employee’s services rendered hereunder, Employer shall pay or provide Employee the followingcompensation and benefits: 5.1. Salary. Employee shall be entitled to receive an annual salary of Three Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($350,000), payable inaccordance with Employer’s normal payroll policies and procedures. 5.2. Discretionary Bonus. Employee also may be eligible for a bonus from time to time for his services during the Term. Employee’seligibility to receive a bonus, any determination to award Employee such a bonus and, if awarded, the amount thereof shall be in Employer’s sole discretion. 5.3. Expense Reimbursement. Employer shall reimburse Employee for reasonable and necessary business expenses incurred by Employeein connection with the performance of Employee’s duties in accordance with Employer’s usual practices and policies in effect from time to time. 5.4. Vacation. Employee shall continue to accrue vacation days without loss of compensation in accordance with Employer’s usual policiesapplicable to all employees at a rate of four weeks’ vacation time for each 12-month period during the Term.  5.5. Tax Gross-Up. In the event that the severance and other benefits provided for in this Agreement or otherwise payable to the Employee(i) constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and (ii) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 ofthe Code (the “Excise Tax”), then the Employee’s benefits under this Agreement shall be either: (x) delivered in full, or (y) delivered as to such lesser extentwhich would result in no portion of such benefits being subject to the Excise Tax, whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicablefederal, state and local income taxes and the Excise Tax, results in the receipt by Employee on an after-tax basis, of the greatest amount of benefits,notwithstanding that all or some portion of such benefits may be taxable under Section 4999 of the Code. Unless Employer and the Employee otherwise agreein writing, any determination required under this Section 1 shall be made in writing by Employer’s independent public accountants (the “Accountants”),whose determination shall be conclusive and binding upon the Employee and Employer for all purposes. For purposes of making the calculations required bythis Section 1, the Accountants may make reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely on reasonable, good faithinterpretations concerning the application of Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code. Employer and the Employee shall furnish to the Accountants suchinformation and documents as the Accountants may reasonably request in order to make a determination under this Section 5.5. Employer shall bear all coststhe Accountants may reasonably incur in connection with any calculations contemplated by this Section 5.5. 5.6. Employee Benefits. Employee shall be eligible to participate in any medical insurance and other employee benefits made available byEmployer to all of its employees under its group plans and employment policies in effect during the Term. Schedule 2 hereto sets forth a summary of suchplans and policies as currently in effect. Employee acknowledges and agrees that, any such plans or policies now or hereafter in effect may be modified orterminated by Employer at any time in its discretion. 5.7. Payroll Taxes. Employer shall have the right to deduct from the compensation and benefits due to Employee hereunder any and allsums required for social security and withholding taxes and for any other federal, state, or local tax or charge which may be in effect or hereafter enacted orrequired as a charge on the compensation or benefits of Employee. 6. Termination. This Agreement may be terminated as set forth in this Section 6. 6.1. Termination by Employer for Cause. Employer may terminate Employee’s employment hereunder for “Cause” upon notice toEmployee. “Cause” for this purpose shall mean any of the following: (a) Employee’s breach of any material term of this Agreement; provided that the first occasion of any particular breach shall notconstitute such Cause unless Employee shall have previously received written notice from Employer stating the nature of such breach and affording Employeeat least ten days to correct such breach; (b) Employee’s conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, any misdemeanor, felony or other crime of moral turpitude; (c) Employee’s act of fraud or dishonesty injurious to Employer or its reputation; (d) Employee’s continual failure or refusal to perform his material duties as required under this Agreement after written noticefrom Employer stating the nature of such failure or refusal and affording Employee at least ten days to correct the same; (e) Employee’s act or omission that, in the reasonable determination of Employer’s Board of Directors (or a Committee of theBoard), indicates alcohol or drug abuse by Employee; or (f) Employee’s act or personal conduct that, in the judgment of Employer’s Board of Directors (or a Committee of the Board),gives rise to a material risk of liability of Employee or Employer under federal or applicable state law for discrimination, or sexual or other forms ofharassment, or other similar liabilities to subordinate employees. Upon termination of Employee’s employment by Employer for Cause, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease andEmployee shall be entitled only to payment, not later than three days after the date of termination, of any accrued but unpaid salary and unused vacation asprovided in Sections 5.1 and 5.5 as of the date of such termination and any unpaid bonus that may have been awarded Employee as provided in Section 5.2prior to such date.  6.2. Termination by Employer without Cause. Employer may also terminate Employee’s employment without Cause upon ten days noticeto Employee. Upon termination of Employee’s employment by Employer without Cause, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease andEmployee shall be entitled to payment of (1) any accrued but unpaid salary and unused vacation as of the date of such termination as required by Californialaw, which shall be due and payable upon the effective date of such termination, and (2) as of the effective date of Employee’s termination, full (100%) andimmediate vesting of all of Employee’s stock options and any other equity awards based on Employer securities, such as restricted stock units, stockappreciation rights, performance units, etc., all of which shall remain exercisable for their full term, (3) payment of any Tax Gross-Up payment as describedin Section 5.5, and (4) an amount, which shall be due and payable within ten days following the effective date of such termination, equal to six months’salary as provided in Section 5.1, provided that if the date of termination occurs following a Change of Control (as hereinafter defined), then the salary andpayment described in clause (4) of this sentence shall instead be calculated using a 12-month “Severance Period” that commences on the date of terminationand ends on the first anniversary of such termination date. In addition, Employer shall provide Employee and his dependents with continued participation, atEmployer’s cost and expense, for a period of 12 months following such termination, in any Employer-sponsored group benefit plans in which Employee wasparticipating as of the date of termination. Section 6.2(a)(2) and 6.2(b) are conditioned upon Employee having executed and delivered to Employer aSeparation Agreement and General Release in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. For purposes of this Section 6.2, a “Change in Control” shall have themeaning ascribed to such term in Employer’s 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan and shall also have the meaning ascribed to the term “Corporate Transaction” inEmployer’s 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as each such Plan may be amended from time to time. 6.3. (b) continued participation, at Employer’s cost and expense, for a period of six months following such termination, in any Employer-sponsored group benefit plans in which Employee was participating as of the date of termination, provided that, as a condition to Employer’s obligationsunder Section 6.2(a)(2) and 6.2(b), Employee shall have executed and delivered to Employer a Separation Agreement and General Release in the form attachedhereto as Exhibit A. 6.4. Death or Disability. Employee’s employment will terminate automatically in the event of Employee’s death or upon notice fromEmployer in event of his permanent disability. Employee’s “permanent disability” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in any policy of disabilityinsurance maintained by Employer (or by Employee, as the case may be) with respect to Employee or, if no such policy is then in effect, shall meanEmployee’s inability to fully perform his duties hereunder for any period of at least 75 consecutive days or for a total of 90 days, whether or notconsecutive. Upon termination of Employee’s employment as aforesaid, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease and Employer shallpay to the Employee’s heirs or personal representatives, not later than ten days after the date of termination, any accrued but unpaid salary and unusedvacation as of the date of such termination as required by California law. 7. Confidentiality. While this Agreement is in effect and for a period of five years thereafter, Employee shall hold and keep secret and confidential all“trade secrets” (within the meaning of applicable law) and other confidential or proprietary information of Employer and shall use such information only in thecourse of performing Employee’s duties hereunder; provided, however, that with respect to trade secrets, Employee shall hold and keep secret and confidentialsuch trade secrets for so long as they remain trade secrets under applicable law. Employee shall maintain in trust all such trade secrets or other confidential orproprietary information, as Employer’s property, including, but not limited to, all documents concerning Employer’s business, including Employee’s workpapers, telephone directories, customer information and notes, and any and all copies thereof in Employee’s possession or under Employee’s control. Uponthe expiration or earlier termination of Employee’s employment with Employer, or upon request by Employer, Employee shall deliver to Employer all suchdocuments belonging to Employer, including any and all copies in Employee’s possession or under Employee’s control. 8. Equitable Remedies; Injunctive Relief. Employee hereby acknowledges and agrees that monetary damages are inadequate to fully compensateEmployer for the damages that would result from a breach or threatened breach of Section 7 of this Agreement and, accordingly, that Employer shall be entitledto equitable remedies, including, without limitation, specific performance, temporary restraining orders, and preliminary injunctions and permanentinjunctions, to enforce such Section without the necessity of proving actual damages in connection therewith. This provision shall not, however, diminishEmployer’s right to claim and recover damages or enforce any other of its legal or equitable rights or defenses. 9. Indemnification; Insurance. Employer and Employee acknowledge that, as the General Counsel, Senior Vice President and Corporate Secretary ofthe Employer, Employee shall be a corporate officer of Employer and, as such, Employee shall be entitled to indemnification to the full extent provided byEmployer to its officers, directors and agents under the Employer’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws as in effect as of the date of thisAgreement. Employer shall maintain Employee as an additional insured under its current policy of directors and officers liability insurance and shall usecommercially reasonable efforts to continue to insure Employee thereunder, or under any replacement policies in effect from time to time, during the Term. 10. Severable Provisions. The provisions of this Agreement are severable and if any one or more provisions is determined to be illegal or otherwiseunenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions, and any partially unenforceable provisions to the extent enforceable, shall nevertheless be bindingand enforceable.  11. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and shall be binding upon Employer, its successors and assigns andEmployee and his heirs and representatives; provided, however, that neither party may assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of the otherparty. 12. Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties relating to the subject matter hereof, and the parties hereto havemade no agreements, representations or warranties relating to the subject matter of this Agreement that are not set forth otherwise herein. This Agreementsupersedes any and all prior or contemporaneous agreements, written or oral, between Employee and Employer relating to the subject matter hereof. Any suchprior or contemporaneous agreements are hereby terminated and of no further effect, and Employee, by the execution hereof, agrees that any compensationprovided for under any such agreements is specifically superseded and replaced by the provisions of this Agreement. 13. Amendment. No modification of this Agreement shall be valid unless made in writing and signed by the parties hereto and unless such writing ismade by an executive officer of Employer (other than Employee). The parties hereto agree that in no event shall an oral modification of this Agreement beenforceable or valid. 14. Governing Law. This Agreement is and shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California without givingeffect to California’s choice-of-law rules. 15. Notice. All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and mailed, telecopied (in case of notice to Employeronly) or delivered by hand or by a nationally recognized courier service guaranteeing overnight delivery to a party at the following address (or to such otheraddress as such party may have specified by notice given to the other party pursuant to this provision): If to Employer: CytRx Corporation11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650Los Angeles, California 90049Facsimile: (310) 826-5529Attention: Chief Executive OfficerIf to Employee: ______________________________________________________ 16. Survival. Sections 7 through 16, 18 and 19 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 17. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which together shallbe deemed to be one and the same agreement. A counterpart executed and transmitted by facsimile shall have the same force and effect as an originally executedcounterpart. 18. Attorney’s Fees. In any action or proceeding to construe or enforce any provision of this Agreement the prevailing party shall be entitled to recoverits or his reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs of suit (up to a maximum of $15,000) in addition to any other recoveries.  19. No Interpretation of Ambiguities Against Drafting Party. This Agreement has been negotiated at arm's length between persons knowledgeable inthe matters dealt with herein. In addition, each party has been represented by experienced and knowledgeable legal counsel. Accordingly, the parties agree thatany rule of law, including, but not limited to, California Civil Code Section 1654 or any other statutes, legal decisions, or common law principles of similareffect, that would require interpretation of any ambiguities in this Agreement against the party that has drafted it, is of no application and is hereby expresslywaived. The provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted in a reasonable manner to effect the intentions of the parties hereto. 20. Section 409A of the Code. This Agreement is intended to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code and theregulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 409A”), and shall be administered in accordance with Section 409A to the extent Section 409A of the Codeapplies to the Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in the Agreement to the contrary, distributions pursuant to the Agreement that are subject to Section 409Amay only be made in a manner, and upon an event, permitted by Section 409A. The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted to avoid the imposition of any additional tax, penalty or interest under Section409A while preserving, to the extent possible, the intended benefits hereunder payable to Employee. Employer and Employee agree that any payment madepursuant to this Agreement due to Employee’s “separation from service” as defined in Section 409A shall be delayed in accordance with Section409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code (six month delay) if and to the extent required to avoid the imposition of any tax, penalty or interest under Section 409A. Anyadditional cost to Employee by reason of such postponement period, including, for example, Employee’s payment of the cost of health benefits during thepostponement period, shall be reimbursed by the Company to Employee after such period has ended. If Employee dies during the postponement period prior tothe payment of benefits, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A shall be paid to Employee’s beneficiary, or if none, to the personal representative ofEmployee’s estate within 30 days after the date of Employee’s death. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is executed as of the day and year first above written. “EMPLOYER” CytRx Corporation By: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman Steven A. KriegsmanChief Executive Officer “EMPLOYEE” /s/ Benjamin S. Levin EXHIBIT 10.24 EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT This Employment Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of January 1, 2014 (the “Effective Date”) by and between CytRxCorporation, a Delaware corporation (“Employer”), and Scott Wieland, an individual and resident of the State of California (“Employee”). WHEREAS, Employer desires to employ Employee, and Employee is willing to be employed by Employer, on the terms set forth in this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, upon the above premises, and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the partieshereto agree as follows. 1. Employment. Effective as of the Effective Date, Employer shall continue to employ Employee, and Employee shall continue to serve, asEmployer’s Senior Vice President – Drug Development on the terms set forth herein. 2. Duties; Place of Employment. Employee shall perform in a professional and business-like manner, and to the best of his ability, the dutiesdescribed on Schedule 1 to this Agreement and such other duties as are assigned to him from time to time by Employer’s President and Chief ExecutiveOfficer. Employee understands and agrees that his duties, title and authority may be changed from time to time in the discretion of Employer’s President andChief Executive Officer. Employee’s services hereunder shall be rendered at Employer’s principal executive office, except for travel when and as required inthe performance of Employee’s duties hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Employer understands and agrees that Employee shall be entitled to renderhis services hereunder from his home one week of each month except as required by Employer in extraordinary circumstances. 3. Time and Efforts. Employee shall devote all of his business time, efforts, attention and energies to Employer’s business and to discharge hisduties hereunder. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 3, while this Agreement is in effect, Employee may serve on the board of directors ofone company other than Employer, but in no event shall Employee serve on the board of directors of a company that is directly competitive with Employer. 4. Term. The term (the “Term”) of Employee’s employment hereunder shall commence on the Effective Date and shall expire on December 31, 2014,unless sooner terminated in accordance with Section 6. Neither Employer nor Employee shall have any obligation to extend or renew this Agreement. In theevent that Employer does not offer to extend or renew the Agreement, Employer shall continue to pay Employee his salary as provided for in Section 5.1 duringthe period commencing on the final date of the Term and ending on (a) June 30, 2015 or (b) the date of Employee’s re-employment with another employer,whichever is earlier; provided that, as a condition to Employer’s obligations under this sentence, Employee shall have executed and delivered to Employer aSeparation Agreement and General Release in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. Employee shall notify Employer immediately in the event Employeeaccepts such employment with another employer. 5. Compensation. As the total consideration for Employee’s services rendered hereunder, Employer shall pay or provide Employee the followingcompensation and benefits: 5.1. Salary. Employee shall be entitled to receive an annual salary of Three Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($350,000), payable inaccordance with Employer’s normal payroll policies and procedures. 5.2. Discretionary Bonus. Employee also may be eligible for a bonus from time to time for his services during the Term. Employee’seligibility to receive a bonus, any determination to award Employee such a bonus and, if awarded, the amount thereof shall be in Employer’s sole discretion. 5.3. Expense Reimbursement. Employer shall reimburse Employee for reasonable and necessary business expenses incurred by Employeein connection with the performance of Employee’s duties in accordance with Employer’s usual practices and policies in effect from time to time. 5.4. Vacation. Employee shall continue to accrue vacation days without loss of compensation in accordance with Employer’s usual policiesapplicable to all employees at a rate of four weeks’ vacation time for each 12-month period during the Term.  5.5. Tax Gross-Up. In the event that the severance and other benefits provided for in this Agreement or otherwise payable to the Employee(i) constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and (ii) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 ofthe Code (the “Excise Tax”), then the Employee’s benefits under this Agreement shall be either: (x) delivered in full, or (y) delivered as to such lesser extentwhich would result in no portion of such benefits being subject to the Excise Tax, whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicablefederal, state and local income taxes and the Excise Tax, results in the receipt by Employee on an after-tax basis, of the greatest amount of benefits,notwithstanding that all or some portion of such benefits may be taxable under Section 4999 of the Code. Unless Employer and the Employee otherwise agreein writing, any determination required under this Section 1 shall be made in writing by Employer’s independent public accountants (the “Accountants”),whose determination shall be conclusive and binding upon the Employee and Employer for all purposes. For purposes of making the calculations required bythis Section 1, the Accountants may make reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely on reasonable, good faithinterpretations concerning the application of Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code. Employer and the Employee shall furnish to the Accountants suchinformation and documents as the Accountants may reasonably request in order to make a determination under this Section 5.5. Employer shall bear all coststhe Accountants may reasonably incur in connection with any calculations contemplated by this Section 5.5. 5.6. Employee Benefits. Employee shall be eligible to participate in any medical insurance and other employee benefits made available byEmployer to all of its employees under its group plans and employment policies in effect during the Term. Schedule 2 hereto sets forth a summary of suchplans and policies as currently in effect. Employee acknowledges and agrees that, any such plans or policies now or hereafter in effect may be modified orterminated by Employer at any time in its discretion. 5.7. Payroll Taxes. Employer shall have the right to deduct from the compensation and benefits due to Employee hereunder any and allsums required for social security and withholding taxes and for any other federal, state, or local tax or charge which may be in effect or hereafter enacted orrequired as a charge on the compensation or benefits of Employee. 6. Termination. This Agreement may be terminated as set forth in this Section 6. 6.1. Termination by Employer for Cause. Employer may terminate Employee’s employment hereunder for “Cause” upon notice toEmployee. “Cause” for this purpose shall mean any of the following: (a) Employee’s breach of any material term of this Agreement; provided that the first occasion of any particular breach shall notconstitute such Cause unless Employee shall have previously received written notice from Employer stating the nature of such breach and affording Employeeat least ten days to correct such breach; (b) Employee’s conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, any misdemeanor, felony or other crime of moral turpitude; (c) Employee’s act of fraud or dishonesty injurious to Employer or its reputation; (d) Employee’s continual failure or refusal to perform his material duties as required under this Agreement after written noticefrom Employer stating the nature of such failure or refusal and affording Employee at least ten days to correct the same; (e) Employee’s act or omission that, in the reasonable determination of Employer’s Board of Directors (or a Committee of theBoard), indicates alcohol or drug abuse by Employee; or (f) Employee’s act or personal conduct that, in the judgment of Employer’s Board of Directors (or a Committee of the Board),gives rise to a material risk of liability of Employee or Employer under federal or applicable state law for discrimination, or sexual or other forms ofharassment, or other similar liabilities to subordinate employees. Upon termination of Employee’s employment by Employer for Cause, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease andEmployee shall be entitled only to payment, not later than three days after the date of termination, of any accrued but unpaid salary and unused vacation asprovided in Sections 5.1 and 5.5 as of the date of such termination and any unpaid bonus that may have been awarded Employee as provided in Section 5.2prior to such date.  6.2. Termination by Employer without Cause. Employer may also terminate Employee’s employment without Cause upon ten days noticeto Employee. Upon termination of Employee’s employment by Employer without Cause, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease andEmployee shall be entitled to payment of (1) any accrued but unpaid salary and unused vacation as of the date of such termination as required by Californialaw, which shall be due and payable upon the effective date of such termination, and (2) as of the effective date of Employee’s termination, full (100%) andimmediate vesting of all of Employee’s stock options and any other equity awards based on Employer securities, such as restricted stock units, stockappreciation rights, performance units, etc., all of which shall remain exercisable for their full term, (3) payment of any Tax Gross-Up payment as describedin Section 5.5, and (4) an amount, which shall be due and payable within ten days following the effective date of such termination, equal to six months’salary as provided in Section 5.1, provided that if the date of termination occurs following a Change of Control (as hereinafter defined), then the salary andpayment described in clause (4) of this sentence shall instead be calculated using a 12-month “Severance Period” that commences on the date of terminationand ends on the first anniversary of such termination date. In addition, Employer shall provide Employee and his dependents with continued participation, atEmployer’s cost and expense, for a period of 12 months following such termination, in any Employer-sponsored group benefit plans in which Employee wasparticipating as of the date of termination. Section 6.2(a)(2) and 6.2(b) are conditioned upon Employee having executed and delivered to Employer aSeparation Agreement and General Release in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. For purposes of this Section 6.2, a “Change in Control” shall have themeaning ascribed to such term in Employer’s 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan and shall also have the meaning ascribed to the term “Corporate Transaction” inEmployer’s 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as each such Plan may be amended from time to time. 6.3. Death or Disability. Employee’s employment will terminate automatically in the event of Employee’s death or upon notice fromEmployer in event of his permanent disability. Employee’s “permanent disability” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in any policy of disabilityinsurance maintained by Employer (or by Employee, as the case may be) with respect to Employee or, if no such policy is then in effect, shall meanEmployee’s inability to fully perform his duties hereunder for any period of at least 75 consecutive days or for a total of 90 days, whether or notconsecutive. Upon termination of Employee’s employment as aforesaid, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease and Employer shallpay to the Employee’s heirs or personal representatives, not later than ten days after the date of termination, any accrued but unpaid salary and unusedvacation as of the date of such termination as required by California law. 7. Confidentiality. While this Agreement is in effect and for a period of five years thereafter, Employee shall hold and keep secret and confidential all“trade secrets” (within the meaning of applicable law) and other confidential or proprietary information of Employer and shall use such information only in thecourse of performing Employee’s duties hereunder; provided, however, that with respect to trade secrets, Employee shall hold and keep secret and confidentialsuch trade secrets for so long as they remain trade secrets under applicable law. Employee shall maintain in trust all such trade secrets or other confidential orproprietary information, as Employer’s property, including, but not limited to, all documents concerning Employer’s business, including Employee’s workpapers, telephone directories, customer information and notes, and any and all copies thereof in Employee’s possession or under Employee’s control. Uponthe expiration or earlier termination of Employee’s employment with Employer, or upon request by Employer, Employee shall deliver to Employer all suchdocuments belonging to Employer, including any and all copies in Employee’s possession or under Employee’s control. 8. Equitable Remedies; Injunctive Relief. Employee hereby acknowledges and agrees that monetary damages are inadequate to fully compensateEmployer for the damages that would result from a breach or threatened breach of Section 7 of this Agreement and, accordingly, that Employer shall be entitledto equitable remedies, including, without limitation, specific performance, temporary restraining orders, and preliminary injunctions and permanentinjunctions, to enforce such Section without the necessity of proving actual damages in connection therewith. This provision shall not, however, diminishEmployer’s right to claim and recover damages or enforce any other of its legal or equitable rights or defenses. 9. Indemnification; Insurance. Employer and Employee acknowledge that, as the Senior Vice President – Drug Development of the Employer,Employee shall be a corporate officer of Employer and, as such, Employee shall be entitled to indemnification to the full extent provided by Employer to itsofficers, directors and agents under the Employer’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws as in effect as of the date of this Agreement. Employer shallmaintain Employee as an additional insured under its current policy of directors and officers liability insurance and shall use commercially reasonable effortsto continue to insure Employee thereunder, or under any replacement policies in effect from time to time, during the Term. 10. Severable Provisions. The provisions of this Agreement are severable and if any one or more provisions is determined to be illegal or otherwiseunenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions, and any partially unenforceable provisions to the extent enforceable, shall nevertheless be bindingand enforceable. 11. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and shall be binding upon Employer, its successors and assigns andEmployee and his heirs and representatives; provided, however, that neither party may assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of the otherparty.  12. Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties relating to the subject matter hereof, and the parties hereto havemade no agreements, representations or warranties relating to the subject matter of this Agreement that are not set forth otherwise herein. This Agreementsupersedes any and all prior or contemporaneous agreements, written or oral, between Employee and Employer relating to the subject matter hereof. Any suchprior or contemporaneous agreements are hereby terminated and of no further effect, and Employee, by the execution hereof, agrees that any compensationprovided for under any such agreements is specifically superseded and replaced by the provisions of this Agreement. 13. Amendment. No modification of this Agreement shall be valid unless made in writing and signed by the parties hereto and unless such writing ismade by an executive officer of Employer (other than Employee). The parties hereto agree that in no event shall an oral modification of this Agreement beenforceable or valid. 14. Governing Law. This Agreement is and shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California without givingeffect to California’s choice-of-law rules. 15. Notice. All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and mailed, telecopied (in case of notice to Employeronly) or delivered by hand or by a nationally recognized courier service guaranteeing overnight delivery to a party at the following address (or to such otheraddress as such party may have specified by notice given to the other party pursuant to this provision): If to Employer: CytRx Corporation11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650Los Angeles, California 90049Facsimile: (310) 826-5529Attention: Chief Executive OfficerIf to Employee: ______________________________________________________ 16. Survival. Sections 7 through 16, 18 and 19 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 17. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which together shallbe deemed to be one and the same agreement. A counterpart executed and transmitted by facsimile shall have the same force and effect as an originally executedcounterpart. 18. Attorney’s Fees. In any action or proceeding to construe or enforce any provision of this Agreement the prevailing party shall be entitled to recoverits or his reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs of suit (up to a maximum of $15,000) in addition to any other recoveries. 19. No Interpretation of Ambiguities Against Drafting Party. This Agreement has been negotiated at arm's length between persons knowledgeable inthe matters dealt with herein. In addition, each party has been represented by experienced and knowledgeable legal counsel. Accordingly, the parties agree thatany rule of law, including, but not limited to, California Civil Code Section 1654 or any other statutes, legal decisions, or common law principles of similareffect, that would require interpretation of any ambiguities in this Agreement against the party that has drafted it, is of no application and is hereby expresslywaived. The provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted in a reasonable manner to effect the intentions of the parties hereto.  20. Section 409A of the Code. This Agreement is intended to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code and theregulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 409A”), and shall be administered in accordance with Section 409A to the extent Section 409A of the Codeapplies to the Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in the Agreement to the contrary, distributions pursuant to the Agreement that are subject to Section 409Amay only be made in a manner, and upon an event, permitted by Section 409A. The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted to avoid the imposition of any additional tax, penalty or interest under Section409A while preserving, to the extent possible, the intended benefits hereunder payable to Employee. Employer and Employee agree that any payment madepursuant to this Agreement due to Employee’s “separation from service” as defined in Section 409A shall be delayed in accordance with Section409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code (six month delay) if and to the extent required to avoid the imposition of any tax, penalty or interest under Section 409A. Anyadditional cost to Employee by reason of such postponement period, including, for example, Employee’s payment of the cost of health benefits during thepostponement period, shall be reimbursed by the Company to Employee after such period has ended. If Employee dies during the postponement period prior tothe payment of benefits, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A shall be paid to Employee’s beneficiary, or if none, to the personal representative ofEmployee’s estate within 30 days after the date of Employee’s death. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is executed as of the day and year first above written. “EMPLOYER” CytRx Corporation By: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman Steven A. KriegsmanPresident and Chief Executive Officer “EMPLOYEE” /s/ Scott Wieland EXHIBIT 10.25 EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT This Employment Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of January 1, 2014 (the “Effective Date”) by and between CytRxCorporation, a Delaware corporation (“Employer”), and John Caloz, an individual and resident of the State of California (“Employee”). WHEREAS, Employer desires to employ Employee, and Employee is willing to be employed by Employer, on the terms set forth in this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, upon the above premises, and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the partieshereto agree as follows. 1. Employment. Effective as of the Effective Date, Employer shall continue to employ Employee, and Employee shall continue to serve, asEmployer’s Chief Financial Officer on the terms set forth herein. 2. Duties; Place of Employment. Employee shall perform in a professional and business-like manner, and to the best of his ability, the dutiesdescribed on Schedule 1 to this Agreement and such other duties as are assigned to him from time to time by Employer’s President and Chief ExecutiveOfficer. Employee understands and agrees that his duties, title and authority may be changed from time to time in the discretion of Employer’s President andChief Executive Officer. Employee’s services hereunder shall be rendered at Employer’s principal executive office, except for travel when and as required inthe performance of Employee’s duties hereunder. 3. Time and Efforts. Employee shall devote all of his business time, efforts, attention and energies to Employer’s business and to discharge hisduties hereunder. 4. Term. The term (the “Term”) of Employee’s employment hereunder shall commence on the Effective Date and shall expire on December 31, 2014,unless sooner terminated in accordance with Section 6. Neither Employer nor Employee shall have any obligation to extend or renew this Agreement. In theevent that Employer does not offer to extend or renew the Agreement, Employer shall continue to pay Employee his salary as provided for in Section 5.1 duringthe period commencing on the final date of the Term and ending on (a) June 30, 2015 or (b) the date of Employee’s re-employment with another employer,whichever is earlier; provided that, as a condition to Employer’s obligations under this sentence, Employee shall have executed and delivered to Employer aSeparation Agreement and General Release in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. Employee shall notify Employer immediately in the event Employeeaccepts such employment with another employer. 5. Compensation. As the total consideration for Employee’s services rendered hereunder, Employer shall pay or provide Employee the followingcompensation and benefits: 5.1. Salary. Employee shall be entitled to receive an annual salary of Three Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($350,000), payable inaccordance with Employer’s normal payroll policies and procedures. 5.2. Discretionary Bonus. Employee also may be eligible for a bonus from time to time for his services during the Term. Employee’seligibility to receive a bonus, any determination to award Employee such a bonus and, if awarded, the amount thereof shall be in Employer’s sole discretion. 5.3. Expense Reimbursement. Employer shall reimburse Employee for reasonable and necessary business expenses incurred by Employeein connection with the performance of Employee’s duties in accordance with Employer’s usual practices and policies in effect from time to time. 5.4. Vacation. Employee shall continue to accrue vacation days without loss of compensation in accordance with Employer’s usual policiesapplicable to all employees at a rate of four weeks’ vacation time for each 12-month period during the Term.  5.5. Tax Gross-Up. In the event that the severance and other benefits provided for in this Agreement or otherwise payable to the Employee(i) constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and (ii) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 ofthe Code (the “Excise Tax”), then the Employee’s benefits under this Agreement shall be either: (x) delivered in full, or (y) delivered as to such lesser extentwhich would result in no portion of such benefits being subject to the Excise Tax, whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicablefederal, state and local income taxes and the Excise Tax, results in the receipt by Employee on an after-tax basis, of the greatest amount of benefits,notwithstanding that all or some portion of such benefits may be taxable under Section 4999 of the Code. Unless Employer and the Employee otherwise agreein writing, any determination required under this Section 1 shall be made in writing by Employer’s independent public accountants (the “Accountants”),whose determination shall be conclusive and binding upon the Employee and Employer for all purposes. For purposes of making the calculations required bythis Section 1, the Accountants may make reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely on reasonable, good faithinterpretations concerning the application of Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code. Employer and the Employee shall furnish to the Accountants suchinformation and documents as the Accountants may reasonably request in order to make a determination under this Section 5.5. Employer shall bear all coststhe Accountants may reasonably incur in connection with any calculations contemplated by this Section 5.5. 5.6. Employee Benefits. Employee shall be eligible to participate in any medical insurance and other employee benefits made available byEmployer to all of its employees under its group plans and employment policies in effect during the Term. Schedule 2 hereto sets forth a summary of suchplans and policies as currently in effect. Employee acknowledges and agrees that, any such plans or policies now or hereafter in effect may be modified orterminated by Employer at any time in its discretion. 5.7. Payroll Taxes. Employer shall have the right to deduct from the compensation and benefits due to Employee hereunder any and allsums required for social security and withholding taxes and for any other federal, state, or local tax or charge which may be in effect or hereafter enacted orrequired as a charge on the compensation or benefits of Employee. 6. Termination. This Agreement may be terminated as set forth in this Section 6. 6.1. Termination by Employer for Cause. Employer may terminate Employee’s employment hereunder for “Cause” upon notice toEmployee. “Cause” for this purpose shall mean any of the following: (a) Employee’s breach of any material term of this Agreement; provided that the first occasion of any particular breach shall notconstitute such Cause unless Employee shall have previously received written notice from Employer stating the nature of such breach and affording Employeeat least ten days to correct such breach; (b) Employee’s conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, any misdemeanor, felony or other crime of moral turpitude; (c) Employee’s act of fraud or dishonesty injurious to Employer or its reputation; (d) Employee’s continual failure or refusal to perform his material duties as required under this Agreement after written noticefrom Employer stating the nature of such failure or refusal and affording Employee at least ten days to correct the same; (e) Employee’s act or omission that, in the reasonable determination of Employer’s Board of Directors (or a Committee of theBoard), indicates alcohol or drug abuse by Employee; or (f) Employee’s act or personal conduct that, in the judgment of Employer’s Board of Directors (or a Committee of the Board),gives rise to a material risk of liability of Employee or Employer under federal or applicable state law for discrimination, or sexual or other forms ofharassment, or other similar liabilities to subordinate employees. Upon termination of Employee’s employment by Employer for Cause, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease andEmployee shall be entitled only to payment, not later than three days after the date of termination, of any accrued but unpaid salary and unused vacation asprovided in Sections 5.1 and 5.5 as of the date of such termination and any unpaid bonus that may have been awarded Employee as provided in Section 5.2prior to such date.  6.2. Termination by Employer without Cause. Employer may also terminate Employee’s employment without Cause upon ten days noticeto Employee. Upon termination of Employee’s employment by Employer without Cause, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease andEmployee shall be entitled to payment of (1) any accrued but unpaid salary and unused vacation as of the date of such termination as required by Californialaw, which shall be due and payable upon the effective date of such termination, and (2) as of the effective date of Employee’s termination, full (100%) andimmediate vesting of all of Employee’s stock options and any other equity awards based on Employer securities, such as restricted stock units, stockappreciation rights, performance units, etc., all of which shall remain exercisable for their full term, (3) payment of any Tax Gross-Up payment as describedin Section 5.5, and (4) an amount, which shall be due and payable within ten days following the effective date of such termination, equal to six months’salary as provided in Section 5.1, provided that if the date of termination occurs following a Change of Control (as hereinafter defined), then the salary andpayment described in clause (4) of this sentence shall instead be calculated using a 12-month “Severance Period” that commences on the date of terminationand ends on the first anniversary of such termination date. In addition, Employer shall provide Employee and his dependents with continued participation, atEmployer’s cost and expense, for a period of 12 months following such termination, in any Employer-sponsored group benefit plans in which Employee wasparticipating as of the date of termination. Section 6.2(a)(2) and 6.2(b) are conditioned upon Employee having executed and delivered to Employer aSeparation Agreement and General Release in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. For purposes of this Section 6.2, a “Change in Control” shall have themeaning ascribed to such term in Employer’s 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan and shall also have the meaning ascribed to the term “Corporate Transaction” inEmployer’s 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as each such Plan may be amended from time to time. 6.3. Death or Disability. Employee’s employment will terminate automatically in the event of Employee’s death or upon notice fromEmployer in event of his permanent disability. Employee’s “permanent disability” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in any policy of disabilityinsurance maintained by Employer (or by Employee, as the case may be) with respect to Employee or, if no such policy is then in effect, shall meanEmployee’s inability to fully perform his duties hereunder for any period of at least 75 consecutive days or for a total of 90 days, whether or notconsecutive. Upon termination of Employee’s employment as aforesaid, all compensation and benefits to Employee hereunder shall cease and Employer shallpay to the Employee’s heirs or personal representatives, not later than ten days after the date of termination, any accrued but unpaid salary and unusedvacation as of the date of such termination as required by California law. 7. Confidentiality. While this Agreement is in effect and for a period of five years thereafter, Employee shall hold and keep secret and confidential all“trade secrets” (within the meaning of applicable law) and other confidential or proprietary information of Employer and shall use such information only in thecourse of performing Employee’s duties hereunder; provided, however, that with respect to trade secrets, Employee shall hold and keep secret and confidentialsuch trade secrets for so long as they remain trade secrets under applicable law. Employee shall maintain in trust all such trade secrets or other confidential orproprietary information, as Employer’s property, including, but not limited to, all documents concerning Employer’s business, including Employee’s workpapers, telephone directories, customer information and notes, and any and all copies thereof in Employee’s possession or under Employee’s control. Uponthe expiration or earlier termination of Employee’s employment with Employer, or upon request by Employer, Employee shall deliver to Employer all suchdocuments belonging to Employer, including any and all copies in Employee’s possession or under Employee’s control. 8. Equitable Remedies; Injunctive Relief. Employee hereby acknowledges and agrees that monetary damages are inadequate to fully compensateEmployer for the damages that would result from a breach or threatened breach of Section 7 of this Agreement and, accordingly, that Employer shall be entitledto equitable remedies, including, without limitation, specific performance, temporary restraining orders, and preliminary injunctions and permanentinjunctions, to enforce such Section without the necessity of proving actual damages in connection therewith. This provision shall not, however, diminishEmployer’s right to claim and recover damages or enforce any other of its legal or equitable rights or defenses. 9. Indemnification; Insurance. Employer and Employee acknowledge that, as the Chief Financial Officer of the Employer, Employee shall be acorporate officer of Employer and, as such, Employee shall be entitled to indemnification to the full extent provided by Employer to its officers, directors andagents under the Employer’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws as in effect as of the date of this Agreement. Employer shall maintain Employee as anadditional insured under its current policy of directors and officers liability insurance and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to continue to insureEmployee thereunder, or under any replacement policies in effect from time to time, during the Term. 10. Severable Provisions. The provisions of this Agreement are severable and if any one or more provisions is determined to be illegal or otherwiseunenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions, and any partially unenforceable provisions to the extent enforceable, shall nevertheless be bindingand enforceable.  11. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and shall be binding upon Employer, its successors and assigns andEmployee and his heirs and representatives; provided, however, that neither party may assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of the otherparty. 12. Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties relating to the subject matter hereof, and the parties hereto havemade no agreements, representations or warranties relating to the subject matter of this Agreement that are not set forth otherwise herein. This Agreementsupersedes any and all prior or contemporaneous agreements, written or oral, between Employee and Employer relating to the subject matter hereof. Any suchprior or contemporaneous agreements are hereby terminated and of no further effect, and Employee, by the execution hereof, agrees that any compensationprovided for under any such agreements is specifically superseded and replaced by the provisions of this Agreement. 13. Amendment. No modification of this Agreement shall be valid unless made in writing and signed by the parties hereto and unless such writing ismade by an executive officer of Employer (other than Employee). The parties hereto agree that in no event shall an oral modification of this Agreement beenforceable or valid. 14. Governing Law. This Agreement is and shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California without givingeffect to California’s choice-of-law rules. 15. Notice. All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and mailed, telecopied (in case of notice to Employeronly) or delivered by hand or by a nationally recognized courier service guaranteeing overnight delivery to a party at the following address (or to such otheraddress as such party may have specified by notice given to the other party pursuant to this provision): If to Employer: CytRx Corporation11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650Los Angeles, California 90049Facsimile: (310) 826-5529Attention: Chief Executive OfficerIf to Employee: ______________________________________________________ 16. Survival. Sections 7 through 16 and 19 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. 17. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which together shallbe deemed to be one and the same agreement. A counterpart executed and transmitted by facsimile shall have the same force and effect as an originally executedcounterpart. 18. Attorney’s Fees. In any action or proceeding to construe or enforce any provision of this Agreement the prevailing party shall be entitled to recoverits or his reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs of suit (up to a maximum of $15,000) in addition to any other recoveries.  19. No Interpretation of Ambiguities Against Drafting Party. This Agreement has been negotiated at arm's length between persons knowledgeable inthe matters dealt with herein. In addition, each party has been represented by experienced and knowledgeable legal counsel. Accordingly, the parties agree thatany rule of law, including, but not limited to, California Civil Code Section 1654 or any other statutes, legal decisions, or common law principles of similareffect, that would require interpretation of any ambiguities in this Agreement against the party that has drafted it, is of no application and is hereby expresslywaived. The provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted in a reasonable manner to effect the intentions of the parties hereto. 20. Section 409A of the Code. This Agreement is intended to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code and theregulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 409A”), and shall be administered in accordance with Section 409A to the extent Section 409A of the Codeapplies to the Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in the Agreement to the contrary, distributions pursuant to the Agreement that are subject to Section 409Amay only be made in a manner, and upon an event, permitted by Section 409A. The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted to avoid the imposition of any additional tax, penalty or interest under Section409A while preserving, to the extent possible, the intended benefits hereunder payable to Employee. Employer and Employee agree that any payment madepursuant to this Agreement due to Employee’s “separation from service” as defined in Section 409A shall be delayed in accordance with Section409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code (six month delay) if and to the extent required to avoid the imposition of any tax, penalty or interest under Section 409A. Anyadditional cost to Employee by reason of such postponement period, including, for example, Employee’s payment of the cost of health benefits during thepostponement period, shall be reimbursed by the Company to Employee after such period has ended. If Employee dies during the postponement period prior tothe payment of benefits, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A shall be paid to Employee’s beneficiary, or if none, to the personal representative ofEmployee’s estate within 30 days after the date of Employee’s death. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is executed as of the day and year first above written. “EMPLOYER” CytRx Corporation By: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman Steven A. KriegsmanPresident and Chief Executive Officer “EMPLOYEE” /s/ John Caloz EXHIBIT 10.29 FIRST AMENDMENT TO EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTTHIS FIRST AMENDMENT (“First Amendment”) to that certain employment agreement entitled Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2014 betweenCytRx Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Employer”) and Scott Wieland, an individual and resident of the State of California (“Employee”) (the“Employment Agreement”), is made and is effective as of March 4, 2014.WHEREAS, Employer and Employee desire to amend the Employment Agreement under which Employee shall continue to serve on a full-time basis asEmployer’s Senior Vice President – Drug Development on the terms set forth in the Employment Agreement and this First Amendment.NOW THEREFORE, upon the above premises, and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties agree to amend theEmployment Agreement as follows:1. Section 4. Term. The first sentence is amended to read “The term (the “Term”) of Employee’s employment hereunder shall commence on the Effective Dateand shall expire on December 31, 2015, unless sooner terminated in accordance with Section 6.”Upon execution by Employee and Employer, this First Amendment will be made a part of the Employment Agreement and incorporated by reference therein.All other terms and conditions of the Employment Agreement not affected by the terms of this First Amendment shall remain in full force and in the case ofconflict between the Employment Agreement and this First Amendment, the terms of this First Amendment shall take precedence.This First Amendment may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which together shall be deemed tobe one and the same agreement.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this First Amendment is executed as of the day and year first above written.“EMPLOYER”CytRx Corporation, a Delaware CorporationBy: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman____________________________Name: Steven A. KriegsmanTitle: President and Chief Executive Officer“EMPLOYEE”By: /s/ Scott Wieland__________________________________ Scott Wieland EXHIBIT 10.30 FIRST AMENDMENT TO EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTTHIS FIRST AMENDMENT (“First Amendment”) to that certain employment agreement entitled Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2014 betweenCytRx Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Employer”) and Benjamin S. Levin, an individual and resident of the State of California (“Employee”) (the“Employment Agreement”), is made and is effective as of March 4, 2014.WHEREAS, Employer and Employee desire to amend the Employment Agreement under which Employee shall continue to serve on a full-time basis asEmployer’s General Counsel, Senior Vice President and Secretary on the terms set forth in the Employment Agreement and this First Amendment.NOW THEREFORE, upon the above premises, and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties agree to amend theEmployment Agreement as follows:1. Section 4. Term. The first sentence is amended to read “The term (the “Term”) of Employee’s employment hereunder shall commence on the Effective Dateand shall expire on December 31, 2015, unless sooner terminated in accordance with Section 6.”Upon execution by Employee and Employer, this First Amendment will be made a part of the Employment Agreement and incorporated by reference therein.All other terms and conditions of the Employment Agreement not affected by the terms of this First Amendment shall remain in full force and in the case ofconflict between the Employment Agreement and this First Amendment, the terms of this First Amendment shall take precedence.This First Amendment may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which together shall be deemed tobe one and the same agreement.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this First Amendment is executed as of the day and year first above written.“EMPLOYER”CytRx Corporation, a Delaware CorporationBy: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman__________________________________Name: Steven A. KriegsmanTitle: President and Chief Executive Officer“EMPLOYEE”By: /s/ Benjamin S. Levin__________________________________ Benjamin S. Levin EXHIBIT 10.31 FIRST AMENDMENT TO EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTTHIS FIRST AMENDMENT (“First Amendment”) to that certain employment agreement entitled Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2014 betweenCytRx Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Employer”) and John Caloz, an individual and resident of the State of California (“Employee”) (the“Employment Agreement”), is made and is effective as of March 4, 2014.WHEREAS, Employer and Employee desire to amend the Employment Agreement under which Employee shall continue to serve on a full-time basis asEmployer’s Chief Financial Officer on the terms set forth in the Employment Agreement and this First Amendment.NOW THEREFORE, upon the above premises, and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties agree to amend theEmployment Agreement as follows:1. Section 4. Term. The first sentence is amended to read “The term (the “Term”) of Employee’s employment hereunder shall commence on the Effective Dateand shall expire on December 31, 2015, unless sooner terminated in accordance with Section 6.”Upon execution by Employee and Employer, this First Amendment will be made a part of the Employment Agreement and incorporated by reference therein.All other terms and conditions of the Employment Agreement not affected by the terms of this First Amendment shall remain in full force and in the case ofconflict between the Employment Agreement and this First Amendment, the terms of this First Amendment shall take precedence.This First Amendment may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which together shall be deemed tobe one and the same agreement.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this First Amendment is executed as of the day and year first above written.“EMPLOYER”CytRx Corporation, a Delaware CorporationBy: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman__________________________________Name: Steven A. KriegsmanTitle: President and Chief Executive Officer“EMPLOYEE”By: /s/ John Caloz__________________________________ John Caloz EXHIBIT 10.32 FIRST AMENDMENT TO EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTTHIS FIRST AMENDMENT (“First Amendment”) to that certain employment agreement entitled Fourth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement,effective May 10, 2012, by and between CytRx Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Employer”), and Steven A. Kriegsman, an individual and resident ofthe State of California, (“Employee”) (the “Employment Agreement”), is made and is effective as of March 4, 2014.WHEREAS, Employer believes that Employee has been and will continue to be an integral part of its management and is and will continue to be responsiblefor developing its business; andWHEREAS, Employer and Employee desire to amend the Employment Agreement under which Employee shall continue to serve on a full-time basis asEmployer’s President and Chief Executive Officer on the terms set forth in the Agreement and this First Amendment.NOW THEREFORE, upon the above premises, and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties agree to amend theEmployment Agreement as follows:1. Section 5. Term. The first sentence is amended in part to read “Employee’s employment under this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date andshall continue until December 31, 2018 (the “Expiration Date”), unless sooner terminated by Employer or Employee in accordance with Section 7 (the“Term”).” The remainder of that sentence and Section 5 is unchanged.2. Section 6, Subsection 6.1. Salary. The first sentence is amended to read “Commencing as of the Effective Date, Employer shall pay Employee anannual salary of $850,000 per year, in 24 equal semi-monthly installments on the 15th and last day of each month during the Term.”3. A new section 6.2.1. Retention Bonus, is added, to read: “Employee shall receive a one-time bonus of $300,000, payable promptly following execution ofthis First Amendment.”4. Subsection 6.6., Employee Benefit Plans and Fringe Benefits, is amended to delete from the second sentence the specific term “of $5,000.” The sentenceshall now be “During the Term, Employer shall also continue to make fixed annual premium payments on the Transamerica Occidental Life InsuranceCompany policy insuring Employee under which Employee or his designee is the beneficiary.”Upon execution by Employee and Employer, this First Amendment will be made a part of the Employment Agreement and incorporated by reference therein.All other terms and conditions of the Employment Agreement not affected by the terms of this First Amendment shall remain in full force and in the case ofconflict between the Employment Agreement and this First Amendment, the terms of this First Amendment shall take precedence. This First Amendment may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which together shall be deemed tobe one and the same agreement.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this First Amendment is executed as of the day and year first above written.“EMPLOYER”CytRx Corporation, a Delaware CorporationBy: /s/ Max Link, Ph.D.__________________________________Name: Max Link, Ph.D.Title: Chairman of the Board“EMPLOYEE”By: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman__________________________________ Steven A. Kriegsman EXHIBIT 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM CytRx CorporationLos Angeles, California We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S3 (Nos. 333-100947, 333-109708, 333-106629, 333-109708, 333-133269, 333-142591, 333-147605, 333-170437, 333-185308, 333-192597, 333-193064 and 333-193673) and Form S8 (Nos. 333-84657, 333-68200, 333-91068, 333-93305, 333-123339 and 333-163212) of CytRx Corporation of our reports dated March 4, 2014, relating to the consolidated financial statementsand schedule, and the effectiveness of CytRx Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K. /s/ BDO USA, LLP Los Angeles, CaliforniaMarch 4, 2014 EXHIBIT 31.1 CERTIFICATIONSI, Steven A. Kriegsman, Chief Executive Officer of CytRx Corporation, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of CytRx Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary tomake the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by thisannual report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all materialrespects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within thoseentities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the periods covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materiallyaffect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting. Date: March 4, 2014By:/s/ STEVEN A. KRIEGSMAN Steven A. Kriegsman Chief Executive Officer  EXHIBIT 31.2 CERTIFICATIONSI, John Y. Caloz, Chief Financial Officer of CytRx Corporation, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of CytRx Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary tomake the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by thisannual report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all materialrespects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within thoseentities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the periods covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materiallyaffect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting. Date: March 4, 2014By:/s/ JOHN Y. CALOZ John Y. Caloz Chief Financial Officer  EXHIBIT 32.1Certification of Chief Executive OfficerPursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of CytRx Corporation (the “Company”)hereby certifies that:(i) the accompanying Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirementsof Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.Date: March 4, 2014By:/s/ STEVEN A. KRIEGSMAN Steven A. Kriegsman Chief Executive Officer A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Section 906), or other document authenticating,acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906,has been provided to CytRx Corporation and will be retained by CytRx Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staffupon request.The foregoing certification is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to the Form 10-K and shall not be considered filed aspart of the Form 10-K. EXHIBIT 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial OfficerPursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of CytRx Corporation (the “Company”)hereby certifies that:(i) the accompanying Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirementsof Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.Date: March 4, 2014By:/s/ JOHN Y. CALOZ John Y. Caloz Chief Financial Officer A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Section 906), or other document authenticating,acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906,has been provided to CytRx Corporation and will be retained by CytRx Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staffupon request.The foregoing certification is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to the Form 10-K and shall not be considered filed aspart of the Form 10-K.

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