Digital Turbine
Annual Report 2017

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ýý ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 or ¨¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Commission File Number 001-35958 DIGITAL TURBINE, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 1300 Guadalupe Street, Suite 302, Austin TX (Address of Principal Executive Offices) 22-2267658 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 78701 (Zip Code) (512) 387-7717 (Issuer’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 Per Share (Title of Class) The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Capital Market) (Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered) Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No ý Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No ý Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Yes ý No ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of a “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One) Large Accelerated Filer ¨ Accelerated Filer ý ¨ (do not check if smaller reporting company) Non-Accelerated Filer Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold on the NASDAQ Capital Market on September 30, 2016 was $67,513,402. As of May 30, 2017, the Company had 66,601,286 shares of its common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding. Smaller Reporting Company ¨ DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE The Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders or amendments to Form 10-K, which the registrant will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report, is incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Digital Turbine, Inc. ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR THE PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS ITEM 2. PROPERTIES ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES SIGNATURES 4 9 44 45 45 45 45 47 48 69 70 121 122 124 124 124 124 124 125 125 126 Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 PART I Information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Form 10-K”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We claim the protection of the safe harbor contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical facts included in this Form 10-K regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, projected expenses, prospects and plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from our future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements, which involve assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” “future,” “plan,” or “project” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. Forward- looking statements are based on assumptions that may be incorrect, and there can be no assurance that any projections or other expectations included in any forward-looking statements will come to pass. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to: • • a decline in general economic conditions nationally and internationally; decreased market demand for our products and services; • market acceptance and brand awareness of our • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • products; risks associated with the level of our secured and unsecured indebtedness; ability to comply with financial covenants in outstanding indebtedness; the ability to protect our intellectual property rights; impact of any litigation or infringement actions brought against us; competition from other providers and products based on pricing and other activities; risks and costs in product development; the potential for unforeseen or underestimated cash requirements or liabilities; risks associated with adoption of our products among existing customers (including the impact of possible delays with major carrier and OEM partners in the roll out for mobile phones deploying our products); risks associated with delays in major mobile phone launches, or the failure of such launches to achieve the scale and customer adoption that either we or the market may expect; the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations on our reported GAAP financial statements, particularly in regard to the Australian dollar; the challenges, given the Company’s comparatively small size, to expand the combined Company's global reach, accelerate growth and create a scalable, low-capex business model that drives EBITDA (as well as Adjusted EBITDA); varying and often unpredictable levels of orders; the challenges inherent in technology development necessary to maintain the Company’s competitive advantage such as adherence to release schedules and the costs and time required for finalization and gaining market acceptance in new products; technology management risk as the Company needs to adapt to complex specifications of different carriers and the management of a complex technology platform given the Company's relatively limited resources; new customer adoption and time to revenue with new carrier and OEM partners is subject to delays and factors out of our control; inability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; changes in government regulation; volatility in the price of our common stock and ability to satisfy exchange continued listing requirements; rapid and complex changes occurring in the mobile marketplace, and other risks described in the risk factors in Item 1A of this Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned. Except as required by applicable law, we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on known results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends. Unless the context otherwise indicates, the use of the terms “we,” “our”, “us”, “Digital Turbine”, “DT”, or the “Company” refer to the collective business and operations of Digital Turbine, Inc. through its operating and wholly-owned 3 subsidiaries, Digital Turbine USA, Inc. (“DT USA”), Digital Turbine (EMEA) Ltd. (“DT EMEA”), Digital Turbine Australia Pty Ltd (“DT APAC”), Digital Turbine Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“DT Singapore”), Digital Turbine Luxembourg S.a.r.l. (“DT Luxembourg”), Digital Turbine Germany, GmbH (“DT Germany”), and Digital Turbine Media, Inc. (“DT Media”). We refer to Appia, Inc., a company we acquired on March 6, 2015, as “DT Media.” ITEM 1. BUSINESS Current Operations Digital Turbine, through its subsidiaries, innovates at the convergence of media and mobile communications, delivering end- to-end products and solutions for mobile operators, application advertisers, device original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), and other third parties to enable them to effectively monetize mobile content and generate higher value user acquisition. The Company operates its business in two reportable segments – Advertising and Content. The Company's Advertising business is comprised of two businesses: • Operator and OEM ("O&O"), an advertiser solution for unique and exclusive carrier and OEM inventory which is comprised of services including: ◦ ◦ Ignite™ ("Ignite"), a mobile device management platform with targeted application distribution capabilities, and Other professional services directly related to the Ignite platform. • Advertiser and Publisher ("A&P"), a worldwide mobile user acquisition network which is comprised of the Syndicated network service. The Company's Content business is comprised of services including: • Marketplace™ ("Marketplace"), an application and content store, • and Pay™ ("Pay"), a content management and mobile payment solution. With global headquarters in Austin, Texas and offices in Durham, North Carolina, San Francisco, California, Singapore, Sydney, and Tel Aviv, Digital Turbine’s solutions are available worldwide. Information about Segment and Geographic Revenue In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company made certain segment realignments in order to conform to the way the Company manages segment performance. This realignment was driven primarily by the acquisition of Appia, Inc. on March 6, 2015. The Company has recast prior period amounts to provide visibility and comparability. None of these changes impact the Company’s previously reported consolidated net revenue, gross margin, operating income, net income, or earnings per share. The Company manages its business in three operating segments: Operators and OEMs, Advertisers and Publishers, and Content. The three operating segments have been aggregated into two reportable segments: Advertising and Content. Information about segment and geographic revenue is set forth in Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report. 4 Advertising O&O Business The Company's O&O business is an advertiser solution for unique and exclusive carrier and OEM inventory which is comprised of the service Ignite. Ignite is a mobile application management software that enables mobile operators and original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") to control, manage, and monetize applications installed at the time of activation and over the life of a mobile device. Ignite allows mobile operators to personalize the application activation experience for customers and monetize their home screens via Cost-Per- Install or CPI arrangements, Cost-Per-Placement or CPP arrangements, and/or Cost-Per-Action or CPA arrangements with third party advertisers. There are several different delivery methods available to operators and OEMs on first boot of the device: Wizard, Silent, Software Development Kit ("SDK"), or Direct through Discover. Optional notification features are available throughout the life-cycle of the device, providing operators additional opportunity for advertising revenue streams. The Company has launched Ignite with mobile operators and OEMs in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, India and Israel. Since inception, Ignite has delivered over 500 million mobile application preloads. A&P Business The Company's A&P business, formerly Appia Core, is a leading worldwide mobile user acquisition network. Its mobile user acquisition platform is a demand side platform, or DSP. This platform allows mobile advertisers to engage with the right customers for their applications at the right time to gain them as customers. The A&P business, through its syndicated network service, accesses mobile ad inventory through publishers including direct developer relationships, mobile websites, mobile carriers and mediated relationships. The advertising revenue generated by A&P platform is shared with publishers according to contractual rates in the case of direct or mediated relationships. Content Pay is an Application Programming Interface ("API") that integrates billing infrastructure between mobile operators and content publishers to facilitate mobile commerce. Increasingly, mobile content publishers want to go directly to consumers to sell their content rather than sell through traditional distributors such as Google Play or the Apple Application Store, which are not as prominent in select countries. Pay allows publishers and carriers to monetize those applications by allowing the content to be billed directly to the consumer via carrier billing. Pay has been launched in Australia, Philippines, India, and Singapore. Marketplace is a white-label solution for mobile operators and OEMs to offer their own branded content store. Marketplace can be sold as an application storefront that manages the retailing of mobile content including features such as merchandising, product placements, reporting, pricing, promotions, and distribution of digital goods. Marketplace also includes the distribution and licensing of content across multiple content categories including music, applications, wallpapers, videos, and games. Marketplace is deployed with many operators across multiple countries including Australia, Philippines, Singapore, and Indonesia. Competition The distribution of applications, mobile advertising, development, distribution and sale of mobile products and services is a highly competitive business. We compete for end users primarily on the basis of positioning, brand, quality and price. We compete for wireless carriers placement based on these factors, as well as historical performance, technical know-how, perception of sales potential and relationships with licensors of brands and other intellectual property. We compete for content and brand licensors based on royalty and other economic terms, perceptions of development quality, porting abilities, speed of execution, distribution breadth and relationships with carriers. We compete for platform deployment contracts with other mobile platform companies. We also compete for experienced and talented employees. 5 Our primary competition for application and content distribution comes from the traditional application store businesses of Apple and Google, existing operator solutions built internally, as well as companies providing application install products and services as offered by Facebook, Snapchat, IronSource, InMobi, Cheetah Mobile, Baidu, Taptica, and others. These companies can be both customers and publishers for Digital Turbines products, as well as competitors in certain cases. With Ignite, we compete with smaller competitors, such as IronSource, Wild Tangent, and Sweet Labs, but the more material competition is internally developed operator solutions and specific mobile application management solutions built in-house by OEMs and wireless operators. Some of our existing wireless operators could make a strategic decision to develop their own solutions rather than continue to use our Ignite products, which could be a material source of competition. And finally, although we do not see any competition from larger Enterprise application players such as IBM, Citrix, Oracle, salesforce.com, or MobileIron, it is possible they could decide to compete against our Ignite solution. Digital Turbine has internally developed solutions for top-tier mobile operators and content providers including device application management solutions, white label application and media stores, in-application payment solutions, application-based value added services, and mobile social music and TV offerings. Ignite is a patent pending mobile application management solution that enables operators and device OEMs to pre-install and manage applications from a single web interface. We see competitors in internally developed operator solutions and specific mobile application management solutions built individually by OEMs. Within our A&P group that is a leading worldwide mobile user acquisition network. Its mobile user acquisition platform is a demand side platform, or DSP. This platform allows mobile advertisers to engage with the right customers for their applications at the right time to gain them as customers. A&P accesses mobile ad inventory through publishers including direct developer relationships, mobile websites, carriers and mediated relationships. We compete in this product range with traditional mobile advertising networks to multimedia advertising companies seeking more efficient means to distribute content to end users including Facebook, Twitter, and Google, as well as in-house solutions used by companies who choose to coordinate mobile advertising across their own properties, such as Yahoo! Pandora, and other independent publishers. Marketplace can be sold as an application storefront that manages the retailing of mobile content including features such as merchandising, product placements, reporting, pricing, promotions, and distribution of digital goods. Marketplace also includes the distribution and licensing of content across multiple content categories including music, applications, wallpapers, eBooks, and games. Competitors in these two areas include Google Play and the Apple App store. Pay is an API that integrates between mobile operators billing infrastructure and content publishers to facilitate mobile commerce. Pay allows the publishers and the operators to monetize those applications by allowing the content to be billed directly to the consumer via the operator bill. Some competitors to the Pay product are Google Wallet, Facebook Messenger, Amazon, Android Pay, Bango, Fortumo, and home grown operator solutions. Our competitors generally have substantially greater capital and other resources than we have. Product Development and Research & Development Our product development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits for employees working on campaign management, creating, developing, editing, programming, performing quality assurance, obtaining carrier certification and deploying our products across various mobile phone carriers and on our internal platforms. We devote substantial resources to the development, technology support, and quality assurance of our products. Total product development costs incurred for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, 2015 were $12.0 million, $11.0 million, and $7.9 million, respectively. The amount spent on research and development activities for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, 2015 were $0.7 million, $1.1 million, and $0.7 million, respectively. 6 Contracts with Customers We have both exclusive and non-exclusive carrier and OEM agreements. Our agreements with advertisers and mobile web and mobile application publishers are generally non-exclusive. Historically, our agreements with carriers for the Content business have had terms of one or two years with automatic renewal provisions upon expiration of the initial term, absent a contrary notice from either party, but recently and going forward terms in carrier agreements may vary. Our carrier and OEM agreements for our Advertising business are multi-year agreements, with terms that are generally longer than one to two years. In addition, some carrier agreements provide that the carrier can terminate the agreement early and, in some instances, at any time without cause, which could give them the ability to renegotiate economic or other terms. The agreements generally do not obligate the carriers to market or distribute any of our products or services. In many of these agreements, we warrant that our products do not violate community standards, do not contain libelous content, do not contain material defects or viruses, and do not violate third-party intellectual property rights and we indemnify the carrier for any breach of a third party’s intellectual property. In addition, with regard to our Content products many of our agreements allow the carrier to set the retail price without adjustment to the negotiated revenue split. If one of these carriers sets the retail price below historic pricing models, or rejects the content we provide, the total revenues received from these carriers will be significantly reduced. In our Content business most of our sales are made directly to large national mobile phone carriers. In our Advertising business most of our sales are made either directly to application developers, advertising agencies representing application developers or through advertising aggregators. In our Advertising business, we generally have numerous advertisers who represent a significant level of business. Coupled with advertiser concentration, we distribute a significant level of advertising through one operator. If such advertising clients or this operator decided to materially reduce or discontinue its use of our platform, it could cause an immediate and significant decline in our revenue and negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition. Business Seasonality Our revenue, cash flow from operations, operating results and other key operating and financial measures may vary from quarter to quarter due to the seasonal nature of advertiser spending. For example, many advertisers (and their agencies) devote a disproportionate amount of their budgets to the fourth quarter of the calendar year to coincide with increased holiday spending. We expect our revenue, cash flow, operating results and other key operating and financial measures to fluctuate based on seasonal factors from period to period and expect these measures to be generally higher in the third and fourth fiscal quarters than in prior quarters. Employees As of March 31, 2017, the Company, including its subsidiaries, had 146 employees, 137 of whom were full-time and 9 of whom were part-time. We consider our relationships with our employees to be satisfactory. As of March 31, 2017, none of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. The Company also uses a number of contractors on an as needed basis. History of Digital Turbine, Inc. The Company was originally incorporated in the State of Delaware on November 6, 1998 and operated under operated under several different company names including eB2B, Mediavest, Inc., Mandalay Media, Inc., NeuMedia, Inc., and Mandalay Digital Group, Inc. In January 2015, the Company changed its name to Digital Turbine, Inc. and its NASDAQ ticker symbol to “APPS” with a new CUSIP number of 25400W-102. In 2012, the Company increased its authorized shares of common stock and preferred stock to 200,000,000 and 2,000,000, respectively, and in 2013 the Company implemented a 1-for-5 reverse stock split of its common stock (without changing the authorized number of shares or the par value of common stock). 7 From 2005 to February 12, 2008, the Company was a public shell company with no operations. Throughout the years, the Company has made several acquisitions, such as (1) the acquisition in December 2011 by its wholly-owned subsidiary, Digital Turbine USA, Inc., of assets of Digital Turbine LLC, which were re-branded as “Discover,” (2) the acquisition in September 2012 by DT EMEA of ” Logia Content Development and Management Ltd. (“Logia Content”), Volas Entertainment Ltd. (“Volas”) and Mail Bit Logia (2008) Ltd. (“Mail Bit”), including the “LogiaDeck” software which has been rebranded as “DT Ignite,” (3) the acquisition in April 2013 of Mirror Image International Holdings Pty Ltd, and (4) the acquisition in October 2014 of the intellectual property assets of Xyologic Mobile Analysis, GmbH ("XYO" or "Xyologic). In February 2014, the Company disposed of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Twistbox Entertainment, Inc. (“Twistbox”), and as such, it is no longer reflected as part of our continuing operations in this Report. In March 2015, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Appia, Inc., which was renamed Digital Turbine Media, Inc. and which is referred to in this Form 10-K and the consolidated financial statements as “DT Media.” Available Information Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge on our website at http://www.digitalturbine.com generally when such reports are available on the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) website. The contents of our website are not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800- SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. 8 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Current investors and potential investors should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below together with all other information contained in this Form 10-K before making investment decisions with respect to our common stock. The business, financial condition and operating results of the Company can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described below, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause the Company’s actual results of operations and financial condition to vary materially from past, or from anticipated future, results of operations and financial condition. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and our future growth prospects would be materially and adversely affected. Under these circumstances, the trading price and value of our common stock could decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described in this Form 10-K are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are not presently aware, or that we currently consider immaterial, may also affect our business operations. Past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and current and potential investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods. Risks Related to Our Business General Risks The Company has a history of net losses, may incur substantial net losses in the future, and may not achieve profitability. We expect to continue to increase expenses as we implement initiatives designed to continue to grow our business, including, among other things, the development and marketing of new products and services, further international and domestic expansion, expansion of our infrastructure, development of systems and processes, acquisition of content, and general and administrative expenses associated with being a public company. If our revenues do not increase to offset these expected increases in operating expenses, we will continue to incur losses and we will not become profitable. Our revenue growth in past periods should not be considered indicative of our future performance. In fact, in future periods, our revenues could decline as they have in past years. Accordingly, we may not be able to achieve profitability in the future. If there are delays in the distribution of our products or if we are unable to successfully negotiate with advertisers, application developers, carriers, mobile operators or OEMs or if these negotiations cannot occur on a timely basis, we may not be able to generate revenues sufficient to meet the needs of the business in the foreseeable future or at all. 9 We have a limited operating history for our current portfolio of assets, which may make it difficult to evaluate our business. Evaluation of our business and our prospects must be considered in light of our limited operating history and the risks and uncertainties encountered by companies in our stage of development. As an early stage company in the emerging mobile application and content entertainment industry, we face increased risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties. To address these risks and uncertainties, we must do the following: markets; • • • • • • • • • • maintain our current, and develop new, wireless carrier and OEM relationships, in both international and domestic maintain and expand our current, and develop new, relationships with compelling content owners; retain or improve our current revenue-sharing arrangements with carriers and content owners; continue to develop new high-quality products and services that achieve significant market acceptance; continue to develop and upgrade our technology; continue to enhance our information processing systems; increase the number of end users of our products and services; execute our business and marketing strategies successfully; respond to competitive developments; and attract, integrate, retain and motivate qualified personnel. We may be unable to accomplish one or more of these objectives, which could cause our business to suffer. In addition, accomplishing many of these efforts might be very expensive, which could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition. 10 Our financial results could vary significantly from quarter to quarter and are difficult to predict. Our revenues and operating results could vary significantly from quarter to quarter because of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. In addition, we are not able to predict our future revenues or results of operations. We base our current and future expense levels on our internal operating plans and sales forecasts, and our operating costs are to a large extent fixed. As a result, we may not be able to reduce our costs sufficiently to compensate for an unexpected shortfall in revenues, and even a small shortfall in revenues could disproportionately and adversely affect financial results for that quarter. Individual products and services, and carrier and OEM relationships, represent meaningful portions of our revenues and margins in any quarter. In addition to other risk factors discussed in this section, factors that may contribute to the variability of our results include: • • the number of new products and services released by us and our competitors; the timing of release of new products and services by us and our competitors, particularly those that may represent a significant portion of revenues in a period; • • • • • • • • • • • content; the popularity of new products and services, and products and services released in prior periods; changes in prominence of deck placement for our leading products and those of our competitors; the expiration of existing content licenses; the timing of charges related to impairments of goodwill, and intangible assets; changes in pricing policies by us, our competitors or our carriers and other distributors; changes in the mix of original and licensed content, which have varying gross margins; changes in the mix of direct versus indirect advertising sales, which have varying margin profiles; changes in the mix of CPI, CPP and CPA advertising sales, which have varying revenue profiles the seasonality of our industry; fluctuations in the size and rate of growth of overall consumer demand for mobile products and services and related strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy; • • • • • • • our success in entering new geographic markets; decisions by one or more of our partners and/or customers to terminate our business relationship(s); foreign exchange fluctuations; accounting rules governing recognition of revenue; general economic, political and market conditions and trends; the timing of compensation expense associated with equity compensation grants; and decisions by us to incur additional expenses, such as increases in marketing or research and development. As a result of these and other factors, including seasonality attributable to the holiday seasons, our operating results may not meet the expectations of investors or public market analysts who choose to follow our company. Our failure to meet market expectations would likely result in decreases in the trading price of our common stock. Placement of our products, or the failure of the market to accept our products, would likely adversely impact our revenues and thus our operating results and financial condition. Wireless carriers provide a limited selection of products that are accessible to their subscribers through their mobile handsets. The inherent limitation on the volume of products available on the handset is a function of the screen size of handsets and carriers’ perceptions of the depth of menus and numbers of choices end users will generally utilize. If carriers choose to give our products less favorable placement or reduce our slot count on the phone, our products may be less successful than we anticipate, our revenues may decline and our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially harmed. In addition, if carriers or other participants in the market favor another competitor’s products over our products, or opt not to enable and implement our technology to unify operating systems, our future growth could suffer and our revenues could be negatively affected. 11 If we are unsuccessful in establishing and increasing awareness of our brand and recognition of our products and services or if we incur excessive expenses promoting and maintaining our brand or our products and services, our potential revenues could be limited, our costs could increase and our operating results and financial condition could be harmed. We believe that establishing and maintaining our brand is critical to retaining and expanding our existing relationships with wireless carriers, OEMs, advertisers, content licensors, and mobile publishers as well as developing new relationships. Promotion of the Company’s brands will depend on our success in providing high-quality products and services. Similarly, recognition of our products and services by end users will depend on our ability to develop engaging products and quality services to maintain existing, and attracts new, business relationships and end users. However, our success will also depend, in part, on the services and efforts of third parties, over which we have little or no control. For instance, if our carriers fail to provide high levels of service, our end users’ ability to access our products and services may be interrupted, which may adversely affect our brand. If end users, branded content owners and carriers do not perceive our offerings as high-quality or if we introduce new products and services that are not favorably received by our end users and carriers, then we may be unsuccessful in building brand recognition and brand loyalty in the marketplace. In addition, globalizing and extending our brand and recognition of our products and services will be costly and will involve extensive management time to execute successfully. Further, the markets in which we operate are highly competitive and some of our competitors already have substantially more brand name recognition and greater marketing resources than we do. If we fail to increase brand awareness and consumer recognition of our products and services, our potential revenues could be limited, our costs could increase and our business, operating results and financial condition could suffer. Our business is dependent on the continued growth in usage of smartphones, tablets and other mobile connected devices. Our business depends on the continued proliferation of mobile connected devices, such as smartphones and tablets, which can • • • connect to the Internet over a cellular, wireless or other network, as well as the increased consumption of content through those devices. Consumer usage of these mobile connected devices may be inhibited for a number of reasons, such as: inadequate network infrastructure to support advanced features beyond just mobile web access; users’ concerns about the security of these devices; inconsistent quality of cellular or wireless connection; unavailability of cost-effective, high-speed Internet service; and changes in network carrier pricing plans that charge device users based on the amount of data consumed. new technology which is not compatible with our products and offerings. • • • For any of these reasons, users of mobile connected devices may limit the amount of time they spend on these devices and the number of applications or amount of content they download on these devices. If user adoption of mobile connected devices and consumer consumption of content on those devices do not continue to grow, our total addressable market size may be significantly limited, which could compromise our ability to increase our revenue and our ability to become profitable. If mobile connected devices, their operating systems or content distribution channels, including those controlled by our competitors, develop in ways that prevent advertising from being delivered to their users, our ability to grow our business will be impaired. A portion of our business model depends upon the continued demand for mobile advertising on connected devices, as well as the major operating systems that run on them and the thousands of applications that are downloaded onto them. The design of mobile devices and operating systems is controlled by third parties with whom we do not have any formal relationships. These parties frequently introduce new devices, and from time to time they may introduce new operating systems or modify existing ones. Network carriers may also affect the ability of users to download applications or access specified content on mobile devices. In some cases, the parties that control the development of mobile connected devices and operating systems include companies that we regard as our competitors. For example, Google controls the Android™ platform operating system. If our mobile software platform were unable to work on these operating systems, either because of technological constraints or because the developer of this operating systems wishes to impair our ability to provide ads on the operating system, our ability to generate revenue could be significantly harmed. 12 If we fail to deliver our products and services ahead of the commercial launch of new mobile handset models, our sales may suffer. Our business is dependent, in part, on the commercial sale of smartphone handsets. We do not control the timing of these handset launches. Some new handsets are sold by carriers with certain of our products and applications pre-loaded, and many end users who use our services do so after they purchase their new handsets to experience the new features of those handsets. Some of our products require handset manufacturers give us access to their handsets prior to commercial release. If one or more major handset manufacturers were to cease to provide us access to new handset models prior to commercial release, we might be unable to introduce compatible versions of our products and services for those handsets in coordination with their commercial release, and we might not be able to make compatible versions for a substantial period following their commercial release. If, because of launch delays, we miss the opportunity to sell products and services when new handsets are shipped or our end users upgrade to a new handset, or if we miss the key holiday selling period, either because the introduction of a new handset is delayed or we do not deploy our products and services in time for seasonal increases in handset sales, our revenues would likely decline and our business, operating results and financial condition would likely suffer. We may be unable to develop and introduce in a timely way new products or services, and our products and services may have defects, which could harm our brand. The planned timing and introduction of new products and services are subject to risks and uncertainties. Unexpected technical, operational, deployment, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of new products and services, which could result in a loss of, or delay in, revenues or damage to our reputation and brand. If any of our products or services is introduced with defects, errors or failures, we could experience decreased sales, loss of end users, damage to our carrier relationships and damage to our reputation and brand. Our attractiveness to branded content licensors might also be reduced. In addition, new products and services may not achieve sufficient market acceptance to offset the costs of development, particularly when the introduction of a product or service is substantially later than a planned “day-and-date” launch, which could materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If we fail to maintain and enhance our capabilities for our offerings to a broad array of mobile operating systems, our attractiveness to wireless carriers, application developers and branded content owners will be impaired, and our sales could suffer. Changes to our design and development processes to address new features or functions of mobile operating systems or networks might cause inefficiencies that might result in more labor-intensive software integration processes. In addition, we anticipate that in the future we will be required to update existing and new products and applications to a broader array of mobile operating systems. If we utilize more labor intensive processes, our margins could be significantly reduced and it might take us longer to integrate our products and applications to additional mobile operating systems. This, in turn, could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. A majority of our revenues are currently being derived from a limited number of wireless carriers, advertisers and application developers, if any one of these customers were to terminate their agreement with us or if they were unable to fulfill their payment obligations, our financial condition and results of operations would suffer. If any of our primary customers were to terminate their commercial relationship with us or if they are unable to fulfill their payment obligations to us under our agreements with them, our revenues could decline significantly and our financial condition will be harmed. 13 We may be subject to legal liability associated with providing mobile and online services or content. We provide a variety of products and services that enable carriers, content providers and users to engage in various mobile and online activities both domestically and internationally. The law relating to the liability of providers of these mobile and online services and products for such activities is still unsettled and constantly evolving in the U.S. and internationally. Claims have been threatened and have been brought against us in the past for breaches of contract, copyright or trademark infringement, tort or other theories based on the provision of these products and services. In addition, we are and have been and may again in the future be subject to domestic or international actions alleging that certain content we have generated or third-party content that we have made available within our services violates laws in domestic and international jurisdictions. We also arrange for the distribution of third-party advertisements to third-party publishers and advertising networks, and we offer third-party products, services, or content. We may be subject to claims concerning these products, services, or content by virtue of our involvement in marketing, branding, broadcasting, or providing access to them, even if we do not ourselves host, operate, provide, own, or license these products, services, or content. While we routinely insert indemnification provisions into our contracts with these parties, such indemnities to us, when obtainable, may not cover all damages and losses suffered by us and our customers from covered products and services. In addition, recorded reserves and/or insurance coverage may be exceeded by unexpected results from such claims which directly impacts profits. Defending such actions could be costly and involve significant time and attention of our management and other resources, may result in monetary liabilities or penalties, and may require us to change our business in an adverse manner. Our business is dependent on our ability to maintain and scale our infrastructure, including our employees and 3rd parties; and any significant disruption in our service could damage our reputation, result in a potential loss of customers and adversely affect our financial results. Our reputation and ability to attract, retain, and serve customers is dependent upon the reliable performance of our products and services and the underlying infrastructure, both internal and from third party providers. Our systems may not be adequately designed with the necessary reliability and redundancy to avoid performance delays or outages that could be harmful to our business. If our products and services are unavailable, or if they do not load as quickly as expected, customers may not use our products as often in the future, or at all. As our customer base is anticipated to continue to grow, we will need an increasing amount of infrastructure, including network capacity, to continue to satisfy the needs of our customers. It is possible that we may fail to effectively scale and grow our infrastructure to accommodate these increased demands. In addition, our business may be subject to interruptions, delays, or failures resulting from earthquakes, adverse weather conditions, other natural disasters, power loss, terrorism, ineffective business execution or other catastrophic events. A substantial portion of our network infrastructure is provided by third parties. Any disruption or failure in the services we receive from these providers could harm our ability to handle existing or increased traffic and could significantly harm our business. Any financial or other difficulties these providers face may adversely affect our business, and we exercise little control over these providers, which increases our vulnerability to problems with the services they provide. Our products, services and systems rely on software that is highly technical, and if it contains undetected errors, our business could be adversely affected. Our products, services and systems rely on software, including software developed or maintained internally and/or by third parties, that is highly technical and complex. In addition, our products, services and systems depend on the ability of such software to transfer, store, retrieve, process, and manage large amounts of data. The software on which we rely has contained, and may now or in the future contain, undetected errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities. Some errors may only be discovered after the code has been released for external or internal use. Errors or other design defects within the software on which we rely may result in a negative experience for customers and marketers who use our products, delay product introductions or enhancements, result in measurement or billing errors, or compromise our ability to protect the data of our users and/or our intellectual property. Any errors, bugs, or defects discovered in the software on which we rely could result in damage to our reputation, loss of users, loss of revenue, or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business and financial results. 14 We plan to continue to review opportunities and possibly make acquisitions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, result in dilution to our stockholders, and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. As part of our business strategy, we have made and intend to continue to review opportunities and possibly make acquisitions to add specialized employees and complementary companies, products, technologies or distribution channels. In some cases, these acquisitions may be substantial and our ability to acquire and integrate such companies in a successful manner is unproven. Any acquisitions we announce could be viewed negatively by mobile network operators, users, marketers, developers, or investors. In addition, we may not successfully evaluate, integrate, or utilize the products, technology, operations, or personnel we acquire. The integration of acquisitions may require significant time and resources, and we may not manage these integrations successfully. In addition, we may discover liabilities or deficiencies that we did not identify in advance associated with the companies or assets we acquire. The effectiveness of our due diligence with respect to acquisitions, and our ability to evaluate the results of such due diligence, is dependent upon the accuracy and completeness of statements and disclosures made or actions taken by the companies we acquire or their representatives. We may also fail to accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. In the future, we may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. We may also incur substantial costs in making acquisitions. We may pay substantial amounts of cash or incur debt to pay for acquisitions, which could adversely affect our liquidity. The incurrence of indebtedness would also result in increased fixed obligations, interest expense, and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. Additionally, we may issue equity securities to pay for acquisitions or to retain the employees of the acquired company, which could increase our expenses, adversely affect our financial results, and result in dilution to our stockholders. In addition, acquisitions may result in our recording of substantial goodwill and amortizable intangible assets on our balance sheet upon closing, which could adversely affect our future financial results and financial condition. These factors related to acquisitions may require significant management attention, disrupt our business, result in dilution to our stockholders, and adversely affect our financial results and financial condition. The Company’s business is highly dependent on decisions and developments in the mobile device industry over which the Company has no control. The Company’s ability to maintain and grow its business will be impaired if mobile connected devices, their operating systems or content distribution channels, including those controlled by the primary competitors of the Company, develop in ways that prevent the Company’s advertising from being delivered to their users. The Company’s business model will depend upon the continued compatibility of its mobile advertising platform with most mobile connected devices, as well as the major operating systems that run on them and the thousands of apps that are downloaded onto them. The design of mobile devices and operating systems is controlled by third parties. These parties frequently introduce new devices, and from time to time they may introduce new operating systems or modify existing ones. Network carriers, such as Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, as well as other domestic and global operators, as well as OEMs, such as Samsung, may also affect the ability of users to download apps or access specified content on mobile devices. The Company also has some relationships with various other mobile carriers with relationships that are specific and subject to contractual performance which may not be achieved. In some cases, the parties that control the development of mobile connected devices and operating systems include companies that the Company would regard as its most significant competitors. For example, Apple controls two of the most popular mobile devices, the iPhone® and the iPad®, as well as the iOS operating system that runs on them. Apple also controls the App Store for downloading apps that run on Apple® mobile devices. Similarly, Google controls the Google Play and Android™ platform operating system. If the Company’s mobile advertising platform were unable to work on these devices or operating systems, either because of technological constraints or because a maker of these devices or developer of these operating systems wished to impair the Company’s ability to provide ads on them or its ability to fulfill advertising space, or inventory, from developers whose apps are distributed through their controlled channels, the Company’s ability to maintain and grow its business will be impaired. 15 The Company’s business may depend in part on its ability to collect and use location-based information about mobile connected device users. The Company’s business model will depend in part upon its ability to collect data about the location of mobile connected device users when they are interacting with their devices, and then to use that information to provide effective targeted advertising on behalf of its advertising clients. The Company’s ability to either collect or use location-based data could be restricted by a number of factors, including new laws or regulations, technology or consumer choice. Limitations on its ability to either collect or use location data could impact the effectiveness of the Company’s platform and its ability to target ads. The Company does not have long-term agreements with its advertiser clients, and it may be unable to retain key clients, attract new clients or replace departing clients with clients that can provide comparable revenue to the Company. The Company’s success will depend on its ability to maintain and expand its current advertiser client relationships and to develop new relationships. The Company’s contracts with its advertiser clients does not generally include long-term obligations requiring them to purchase the Company’s services and are cancelable upon short or no notice and without penalty. As a result, the Company may have limited visibility as to its future advertising revenue streams. The Company will not be able to provide assurance that its advertiser clients will continue to use its services or that it will be able to replace, in a timely or effective manner, departing clients with new clients that generate comparable revenue. If a major advertising client representing a significant portion of the Company’s business decides to materially reduce its use of the Company’s platform or to cease using the Company’s platform altogether, it is possible that the Company may not have a sufficient supply of ads to fill its developers’ advertising inventory, in which case the Company’s revenue could be significantly reduced. Revenue derived from performance advertisers in particular is subject to fluctuation and competitive pressures. Such advertisers, which seek to drive app downloads, are less consistent with respect to their spending volume, and may decide to substantially increase or decrease their use of the Company’s platform based on seasonality or popularity of a particular app. Advertisers in general may shift their business to a competitor’s platform because of new or more compelling offerings, strategic relationships, technological developments, pricing and other financial considerations, or a variety of other reasons. Any non- renewal, renegotiation, cancellation or deferral of large advertising contracts, or a number of contracts that in the aggregate account for a significant amount of revenue, could cause an immediate and significant decline in the Company’s revenue and harm its business. 16 The Company’s business practices with respect to data could give rise to liabilities or reputational harm as a result of governmental regulation, legal requirements or industry standards relating to consumer privacy and data protection. In the course of providing its services, the Company will transmit and store information related to mobile devices and the ads it places, which may include a device’s geographic location for the purpose of delivering targeted location-based ads to the user of the device, with that user’s consent. Federal, state and international laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, sharing and security of data that the Company will collect across its mobile advertising platform. The Company will strive to comply with all applicable laws, regulations, policies and legal obligations relating to privacy and data protection. However, it is possible that these requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or its practices. Any failure, or perceived failure, by it to comply with U.S. federal, state, or international laws, including laws and regulations regulating privacy, data security, or consumer protection, could result in proceedings or actions against the Company by governmental entities or others. Any such proceedings could hurt the Company’s reputation, force it to spend significant amounts in defense of these proceedings, distract its management, increase its costs of doing business, adversely affect the demand for its services and ultimately result in the imposition of monetary liability. The Company may also be contractually liable to indemnify and hold harmless its clients from the costs or consequences of inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure of data that it stores or handles as part of providing its services. The regulatory framework for privacy issues worldwide is evolving, and various government and consumer agencies and public advocacy groups have called for new regulation and changes in industry practices, including some directed at the mobile industry in particular. For example, in early 2012, the State of California entered into an agreement with several major mobile application platforms under which the platforms have agreed to require mobile applications to meet specified standards to ensure consumer privacy. Subsequently, in January 2013, the State of California released a series of recommendations for privacy best practices for the mobile industry. In January 2014, a California law also became effective amending the required disclosures for online privacy policies. It is possible that new laws and regulations will be adopted in the United States and internationally, or existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in new ways, that would affect the Company’s business, particularly with regard to location-based services, collection or use of data to target ads, and communication with consumers via mobile devices. The U.S. government, including the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, and the Department of Commerce, is focused on the need for greater regulation of the collection of consumer information, including regulation aimed at restricting some targeted advertising practices. In December 2012, the FTC adopted revisions to the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, or COPPA, that went into effect on July 1, 2013. COPPA imposes a number of obligations on operators of websites and online services including mobile applications, such as obtaining parental consent, if the operator collects specified information from users and either the site or service is directed to children under 13 years old or the site or service knows that a specific user is a child under 13 years old. The changes broaden the applicability of COPPA, including the types of information that are subject to these regulations, and may apply to information that the Company will collect through mobile devices or apps that, prior to the adoption of these new regulations, was not subject to COPPA. These revisions will impose new compliance burdens on the Company. In February 2013, the FTC issued a staff report containing recommendations for best practices with respect to consumer privacy for the mobile industry. To the extent that the Company or its clients choose to adopt these recommendations, or other regulatory or industry requirements become applicable to the Company, it may have greater compliance burdens. As the Company expands its operations globally, compliance with regulations that differ from country to country may also impose substantial burdens on its business. In particular, the European Union has traditionally taken a broader view as to what is considered personal information and has imposed greater obligations under data privacy regulations. In addition, individual EU member countries have had discretion with respect to their interpretation and implementation of the regulations, which has resulted in variation of privacy standards from country to country. Complying with any new regulatory requirements could force it to incur substantial costs or require us to change its business practices in a manner that could compromise its ability to effectively pursue its growth strategy. 17 The Company’s business may involve the use, transmission and storage of confidential information, and the failure to properly safeguard such information could result in significant reputational harm and monetary damages. The Company may at times collect, store and transmit information of, or on behalf of, its clients that may include certain types of confidential information that may be considered personal or sensitive, and that are subject to laws that apply to data breaches. The Company intends to take reasonable steps to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of the information it collects and stores, but there is no guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure will not occur or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this information despite the Company’s efforts to protect this information. If such unauthorized disclosure or access does occur, the Company may be required to notify persons whose information was disclosed or accessed. Most states have enacted data breach notification laws and, in addition to federal laws that apply to certain types of information, such as financial information, federal legislation has been proposed that would establish broader federal obligations with respect to data breaches. The Company may also be subject to claims of breach of contract for such disclosure, investigation and penalties by regulatory authorities and potential claims by persons whose information was disclosed. The unauthorized disclosure of information may result in the termination of one or more of its commercial relationships or a reduction in client confidence and usage of its services. The Company may also be subject to litigation alleging the improper use, transmission or storage of confidential information, which could damage its reputation among its current and potential clients, require significant expenditures of capital and other resources and cause it to lose business and revenue. Changes to current accounting principles could have a significant effect on the Company’s reported financial results or the way in which it conducts its business. We prepare our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the SEC, and various other authorities formed to interpret, recommend, and announce appropriate accounting principles, policies, and practices. A change in these principles could have a significant effect on our reported financial results and related financial disclosures, and may even retroactively affect the accounting for previously reported transactions. Our accounting policies that recently have been or may in the future be affected by changes in the accounting principles are as follows: • • • • • • business consolidations; revenue recognition; leases; stock-based compensation; disclosure of uncertainties about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern; and accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets. Changes in these or other rules may have a significant adverse effect on our reported financial results, disclosures, or in the way in which we conduct our business. See the discussion in “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” set forth in Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report, for additional information about our accounting policies and estimates and associated risks. System failures could significantly disrupt the Company’s operations and cause it to lose advertiser clients or advertising inventory. The Company’s success will depend on the continuing and uninterrupted performance of its own internal systems, which the Company will utilize to place ads, monitor the performance of advertising campaigns and manage its inventory of advertising space. Its revenue will depend on the technological ability of its platforms to deliver ads. Sustained or repeated system failures that interrupt its ability to provide services to clients, including technological failures affecting its ability to deliver ads quickly and accurately and to process mobile device users’ responses to ads, could significantly reduce the attractiveness of its services to advertisers and reduce its revenue. The combined systems are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources, including telecommunications failures, power outages, malicious human acts and natural disasters. In addition, any steps the Company takes to increase the reliability and redundancy of its systems may be expensive and may not ultimately be successful in preventing system failures. 18 System security risks, data protection breaches, cyber-attacks, and systems integration issues could disrupt our internal operations or information technology services provided to customers, and any such disruption could reduce our expected revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation and adversely affect our stock price. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate our network security and misappropriate or compromise our confidential information or that of third-parties, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. Computer programmers and hackers also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that attack our products or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities of our products. In addition, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that we produce or procure from third-parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including ‘‘bugs’’ and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of the system. The costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cyber or other security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software programs and security vulnerabilities could be significant, and our efforts to address these problems may not be successful and could result in interruptions, delays, cessation of service and loss of existing or potential customers that may impede our sales or other critical functions. We manage and store various proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to our business. Breaches of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about us, our clients or customers, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose us, our customers or the individuals affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in litigation and potential liability for us, damage our brand and reputation or otherwise harm our business. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant. Portions of our IT infrastructure also may experience interruptions, delays or cessations of service or produce errors in connection with systems integration or migration work that takes place from time to time. We may not be successful in implementing new systems and transitioning data, which could cause business disruptions and be more expensive, time-consuming, disruptive and resource intensive. Such disruptions could adversely impact our ability to provide services and interrupt other processes. Delayed sales, lower margins, increased cost, or lost customers resulting from these disruptions could reduce our expected revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation and adversely affect our stock price. If our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings. We review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually or sooner if an indicator of impairment is present. If such goodwill or intangible assets are deemed impaired, an impairment loss would be recognized. We may be required to record a significant charge in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets is determined, which would negatively affect our results of operations. Advertising and Content Risks Our revenues may fluctuate significantly based on mobile device sell-through, over which we have no control. A significant portion of our revenue is impacted by the level of sell-through of mobile devices on which our software is installed. Demand for mobile devices sold by carriers varies materially by device, and if our software is installed on devices for which demand is lower than our expectations --a factor over which we have no control as we do not market mobile devices --our revenues will be impacted negatively, and this impact may be significant. As our software is deployed on a diversified universe of devices, this risk will be mitigated, as the relative performance of one device over another device will have less impact on us, but until we achieve diversification in our device installations, we will continue to be subject to revenue fluctuations based on device sell-through, and such fluctuations can be material. Further, it is difficult to predict the level of demand for a particular device, making our revenue projections correspondingly difficult. These issues can be ameliorated as we gain more significant carrier relationships and conversely these issues can be exacerbated with, as presently, a limited number of such relationships. Our revenues may fluctuate significantly based on level of advertiser spend, over which we have no control, and ability to sign up publishers for our Advertising business. A significant portion of our revenue is impacted by the level of advertising spend and our ability to sign up publishers for our advertising business. If we are unable to sign up and retain publishers and advertising spend is lower than our expectations -- a factor over which we have no control as we do not determine our customers' advertising budgets -- our revenues will be impacted negatively, and this impact may be significant. 19 Activities of the Company’s advertiser clients could damage the Company’s reputation or give rise to legal claims against it. The Company’s advertiser clients’ promotion of their products and services may not comply with federal, state and local laws, including, but not limited to, laws and regulations relating to mobile communications. Failure of its clients to comply with federal, state or local laws or its policies could damage its reputation and expose it to liability under these laws. The Company may also be liable to third parties for content in the ads it delivers if the artwork, text or other content involved violates copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights of third parties or if the content is defamatory, unfair and deceptive, or otherwise in violation of applicable laws. Although the Company will generally receive assurance from its advertisers that their ads are lawful and that they have the right to use any copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property included in an ad, and although it will normally be indemnified by the advertisers, a third party or regulatory authority may still file a claim against the Company. Any such claims could be costly and time-consuming to defend and could also hurt the Company’s reputation. Further, if it is exposed to legal liability as a result of the activities of its advertiser clients, the Company could be required to pay substantial fines or penalties, redesign its business methods, discontinue some of its services or otherwise expend significant resources. Loss or reduction of business from the Company’s large advertiser clients could have a significant impact on the Company’s revenues, results of operations and overall financial condition. From time to time, a limited number of the Company’s advertiser clients will be expected to account for a significant share of its advertising revenue. This customer concentration increases the risk of quarterly fluctuations in the Company’s revenues and operating results. The Company’s advertiser clients may reduce or terminate their business with it at any time for any reason, including changes in their financial condition or other business circumstances. If a large advertising client representing a substantial portion of its business decided to materially reduce or discontinue its use of its platform, it could cause an immediate and significant decline in its revenue and negatively affect its results of operations and financial condition. The Company’s customer concentration also increases the concentration of its accounts receivable and its exposure to payment defaults by key customers. The Company will generate significant accounts receivable for the services that it provides to its key advertiser clients, which could expose it to substantial and potentially unrecoverable costs if it does not receive payment from them. Mobile applications and advertising are relatively new, as are our products are evolving and growth in revenues from those areas is uncertain and changes in the industry may negatively affect our revenue and financial results. While we anticipate that mobile usage will continue to be the primary driver of revenues related to applications and advertising for the foreseeable future, there could be changes in the industry of mobile carriers and OEM’s that could have a negative impact on these growth prospects for our business and our financial performance. Additionally, advertising CPI (Cost per Install) revenue realized could be negatively impacted by end user application “open-rates”. The open-rates realized on advertising campaigns in the marketplace today could vary compared to the open-rates realized for applications distributed via our products. Reduced open-rates could have a negative impact on the success of our products and our potential revenues earned from CPI. Mobile advertising market remains a new and evolving market and if we are unable to grow revenues or successfully monetize our customer and potential customer relationships, or if we incur excessive expenses in these efforts, our financial performance and ability to grow revenue would be negatively affected. Our growth and monetization on mobile devices depend upon effective operation with mobile operating systems, networks, and standards that we do not control as we are largely an Android-based technology provider. There is no guarantee that mobile carriers and devices will use our products and services rather than competing products. We are dependent on the interoperability of our products and services with popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as Android and any changes in such systems and terms of service that degrade our products’ functionality, reduce or eliminate our ability to distribute applications, give preferential treatment to competitive products, limit our ability to target or measure the effectiveness of applications, or impose fees or other charges related to our delivery of applications could adversely affect our monetization on mobile devices. Currently, our product offerings are primarily compatible with Android only, and would require developmental modifications to support other operating platforms. Additionally, in order to deliver high quality user experience, it is important that our products and services work well with a range of mobile technologies, systems, networks, and standards that we do not control. We may not be successful in developing relationships with key participants in the mobile industry or in developing products that operate effectively with these technologies, systems, networks, or standards. In the event that our relationships with network operators, mobile operating systems or other business partners deteriorate, our growth and monetization could be adversely affected and our business could be harmed. 20 We currently rely on wireless carriers and OEMs to distribute some of our products and services and thus to generate some of our revenues. The loss of or a change in any of these significant carrier relationships could cause us to lose access to their subscribers and thus materially reduce our revenues. The future success of our business is highly dependent upon maintaining successful relationships with the wireless carriers and OEMs with which we currently work and establishing new carrier and OEM relationships in geographies where we have not yet established a significant presence. A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a very limited number of carriers. We expect that we will continue to generate a substantial portion of our revenues, on a go-forward basis, through relationships with a limited number of carriers and publishers for the foreseeable future. Our failure to maintain our relationships with these carriers, establish relationships with new carriers and publishers, or a loss or change of terms would materially reduce our revenues and thus harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We have both exclusive and non-exclusive carrier and OEM agreements. Historically, our carrier and OEM agreements have had terms of one or two years with automatic renewal provisions upon expiration of the initial term, absent a contrary notice from either party, but going forward terms in carrier and OEM agreements may vary. In addition, some carrier and OEM agreements provide that the parties can terminate the agreement early and, in some instances, at any time without cause, which could give them the ability to renegotiate economic or other terms. The agreements generally do not obligate the carriers and OEMs to market or distribute any of our products or services. In many of these agreements, we warrant that our products do not violate community standards, do not contain libelous content, do not contain material defects or viruses, and do not violate third-party intellectual property rights and we indemnify the carrier for any breach of a third party’s intellectual property. In addition, with regard to our Content products many of our agreements allow the carrier to set the retail price without adjustment to the negotiated revenue split. If one of these carriers sets the retail price below historic pricing models, or rejects the content we provide, the total revenues received from these carriers will be significantly reduced. Many other factors outside our control could impair our ability to generate revenues through a given carrier or OEM, including the following: • • • • • • • • • • the carrier or OEM's preference for our competitors’ products and services rather than ours; the carrier or OEM's decision not to include or highlight our products and services on the deck of its mobile handsets; the carrier or OEM's decision to discontinue the sale of some or all of products and services; the carrier’s decision to offer similar products and services to its subscribers without charge or at reduced prices; the carrier or OEM's decision to require market development funds from publishers; the carrier or OEM's decision to restrict or alter subscription or other terms for downloading our products and services; a failure of the carrier or OEM's merchandising, provisioning or billing systems; the carrier or OEM's decision to offer its own competing products and services; the carrier or OEM's decision to transition to different platforms and revenue models; and consolidation among carriers or OEMs. If any of our carriers or OEMs decides not to market or distribute our products and services or decides to terminate, not renew or modify the terms of its agreement with us or if there is consolidation among carriers generally, we may be unable to replace the affected agreement with acceptable alternatives, causing us to lose access to that carrier’s subscribers and the revenues they afford us, which could materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We currently rely on mobile web and mobile application publishers to distribute our advertising services and thus to generate some of our revenues. The loss of or a change in any of these significant publisher relationships could cause us to materially reduce our revenues. The future success of our business is highly dependent upon maintaining successful publisher relationships and establishing new publisher relationships in geographies where we have not yet established a significant presence. We expect that we will continue to generate a substantial portion of our revenues, on a go-forward basis, through relationships with our publisher base for the foreseeable future. Our failure to maintain our relationships with these publishers, establish relationships with new publishers, or a loss or change of terms would materially reduce our revenues and thus harm our business, operating results and financial condition. 21 Failure to renew our existing brand and Content licenses on favorable terms or at all and to obtain additional licenses would impair our ability to introduce new products and services or to continue to offer our products and services based on third-party content. Content revenues are derived from our products and services based on or incorporating brands or other intellectual property licensed from third parties. Any of our licensors could decide not to renew our existing license or not to license additional intellectual property and instead license to our competitors or develop and publish its own products or other applications, competing with us in the marketplace. Several of these licensors already provide intellectual property for other platforms, and may have significant experience and development resources available to them should they decide to compete with us rather than license to us. We have both exclusive and non-exclusive licenses and licenses that are both global and licenses that are limited to specific geographies. Our licenses generally have terms that range from two to five years. We may be unable to renew these licenses or to renew them on terms favorable to us, and we may be unable to secure alternatives in a timely manner. Failure to maintain or renew our existing licenses or to obtain additional licenses would impair our ability to introduce new products and services or to continue to offer our current products or services, which would materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Some of our existing licenses impose, and licenses that we obtain in the future might impose, development, distribution and marketing obligations on us. If we breach our obligations, our licensors might have the right to terminate our licenses, and such termination would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Even if we are successful in gaining new licenses or extending existing licenses, we may fail to anticipate the entertainment, shopping or mobile preferences of our end users when making choices about which brands or other content to license. If the entertainment, shopping or mobile preferences of end users shift to content or brands owned or developed by companies with which we do not have relationships, we may be unable to establish and maintain successful relationships with these developers and owners, which would materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, some rights are licensed from licensors that have or may develop financial difficulties, and may enter into bankruptcy protection under U.S. federal law or the laws of other countries. If any of our licensors files for bankruptcy, our licenses might be impaired or voided, which could materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. The mobile advertising business is an intensely competitive industry, and we may not be able to compete successfully. The mobile advertising market is highly competitive, with numerous companies providing mobile advertising services. The Company’s mobile advertising platform will compete primarily with Facebook, Twitter, and Google, all of which are significantly larger than us and have far more capital to invest in their mobile advertising businesses. The Company will also compete with in-house solutions used by companies who choose to coordinate mobile advertising across their own properties, such as Yahoo!, Pandora, and other independent publishers. They, or other companies that offer competing mobile advertising solutions, may establish or strengthen cooperative relationships with their mobile operator partners, application developers or other parties, thereby limiting the Company’s ability to promote its services and generate revenue. Competitors could also seek to gain market share from us by reducing the prices they charge to advertisers or by introducing new technology tools for developers. Moreover, increased competition for mobile advertising space from developers could result in an increase in the portion of advertiser revenue that we must pay to developers to acquire that advertising space. The Company’s business will suffer to the extent that its developers and advertisers purchase and sell mobile advertising directly from each other or through other companies that are able to become intermediaries between developers and advertisers. For example, companies may have substantial existing platforms for developers who had previously not heavily used those platforms for mobile advertising campaigns. These companies could compete with us to the extent they expand into mobile advertising. Other companies, such as large application developers with a substantial mobile advertising business, may decide to directly monetize some or all of their advertising space without utilizing the Company’s services. Other companies that offer analytics, mediation, exchange or other third party services may also become intermediaries between mobile advertisers and developers and thereby compete with us. Any of these developments would make it more difficult for the Company to sell its services and could result in increased pricing pressure, reduced profit margins, increased sales and marketing expenses or the loss of market share. 22 The mobile advertising market may develop more slowly than expected, which could harm the business of the Company. Advertisers have historically spent a smaller portion of their advertising budgets on mobile media as compared to traditional advertising methods, such as television, newspapers, radio and billboards, or online advertising over the internet, such as placing banner ads on websites. Future demand and market acceptance for mobile advertising is uncertain. Many advertisers still have limited experience with mobile advertising and may continue to devote larger portions of their advertising budgets to more traditional offline or online personal computer-based advertising, instead of shifting additional advertising resources to mobile advertising. If the market for mobile advertising deteriorates, or develops more slowly than we expect, the Company may not be able to increase its revenue. The Company does not control the mobile networks over which it provides its advertising services. The Company’s mobile advertising platform are dependent on the reliability of network operators and carriers who maintain sophisticated and complex mobile networks, as well as its ability to deliver ads on those networks at prices that enable it to realize a profit. Mobile networks have been subject to rapid growth and technological change, particularly in recent years. The Company does not control these networks. Mobile networks could fail for a variety of reasons, including new technology incompatibility, the degradation of network performance under the strain of too many mobile consumers using the network, a general failure from natural disaster or a political or regulatory shut-down. Individuals and groups who develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs could also attack mobile networks and the devices that run on those networks. Any actual or perceived security threat to mobile devices or any mobile network could lead existing and potential device users to reduce or refrain from mobile usage or reduce or refrain from responding to the services offered by the Company’s advertising clients. If the network of a mobile operator should fail for any reason, the Company would not be able to effectively provide its services to its clients through that mobile network. This, in turn, could hurt the Company’s reputation and cause it to lose significant revenue. Mobile carriers may also increase restrictions on the amounts or types of data that can be transmitted over their networks. The Company anticipates generating different amounts of revenue from its advertiser clients based on the kinds of ads the Company delivers, such as display ads, rich media ads or video ads. In most cases, the Company will be paid by advertisers on a cost-per-install basis, when a user downloads an advertised app. In other cases, the Company will be paid on a cost-per-thousand basis depending on the number of ads shown, or on a cost-per-click, or cost-per-action, basis depending on the actions taken by the mobile device user. Different types of ads consume differing amounts of bandwidth and network capacity. If a network carrier were to restrict the amounts of data that can be delivered on that carrier’s network, or otherwise control the kinds of content that may be downloaded to a device that operates on the network, it could negatively affect the Company’s pricing practices and inhibit its ability to deliver targeted advertising to that carrier’s users, both of which could impair the Company’s ability to generate revenue. Mobile connected device users may choose not to allow advertising on their devices. The success of the Company’s advertising business model will depend on its ability to deliver targeted, highly relevant ads to consumers on their mobile connected devices. Targeted advertising is done primarily through analysis of data, much of which is collected on the basis of user-provided permissions. This data might include a device’s location or data collected when device users view an ad or video or when they click on or otherwise engage with an ad. Users may elect not to allow data sharing for targeted advertising for a number of reasons, such as privacy concerns, or pricing mechanisms that may charge the user based upon the amount or types of data consumed on the device. Users may also elect to opt out of receiving targeted advertising from Company’s platform. In addition, the designers of mobile device operating systems are increasingly promoting features that allow device users to disable some of the functionality, which may impair or disable the delivery of ads on their devices, and device manufacturers may include these features as part of their standard device specifications. Although we are not aware of any such products that are widely used in the market today, as has occurred in the online advertising industry, companies may develop products that enable users to prevent ads from appearing on their mobile device screens. If any of these developments were to occur, the Company’s ability to deliver effective advertising campaigns on behalf of its advertiser clients would suffer, which could hurt its ability to generate revenue and become profitable. 23 The Company may not be able to enhance its mobile advertising platform to keep pace with technological and market developments. The market for mobile advertising services is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and frequent new service introductions. To keep pace with technological developments, satisfy increasing advertiser and developer requirements, maintain the attractiveness and competitiveness of the Company’s mobile advertising solutions and ensure compatibility with evolving industry standards and protocols, the Company will need to regularly enhance its current services and to develop and introduce new services on a timely basis. If the Company’s platform is not attractive to its customers or is not able to compete with alternative mobile advertising solutions, the Company will not have access to as much advertising inventory and may experience increased pressure on margins. In addition, advances in technology that allow developers to generate revenue from their apps without assistance from the Company could harm its relationships with developers and diminish its available advertising inventory within their apps. Similarly, technological developments that allow third parties to better mediate the delivery of ads between advertisers and developers by introducing an intermediate layer between the Company and its developers could impair its relationships with those developers. The Company’s inability, for technological, business or other reasons, to enhance, develop, introduce and deliver compelling mobile advertising services in response to changing market conditions and technologies or evolving expectations of advertisers or mobile device users could hurt its ability to grow its business and could result in its mobile advertising platform becoming obsolete. The Company will depend on publishers, developers and distribution partners for mobile advertising space to deliver its advertiser clients’ advertising campaigns, and any decline in the supply of advertising inventory could hurt its business. The Company will depend on publishers, developers and distribution partners to provide it with space within their applications, which we refer to as “advertising inventory,” on which the Company will deliver ads. We anticipate that a significant portion of the Company’s revenue will derive from the advertising inventory provided by a limited number of publishers, developers and distribution partners. The Company will have minimum or fixed commitments for advertising inventory with some but not all of its publishers, developers and distribution partners, including certain wireless carriers in the United States and internationally. The Company intends to expand the number of publishers, developers and distribution partners subject to minimum or fixed arrangements. Outside of those relationships however, the publishers, developers and distribution partners that will sell their advertising inventory to the Company are not required to provide any minimum amounts of advertising space to the Company, nor are they contractually bound to provide the Company with a consistent supply of advertising inventory. Such publishers, developers and distribution partners can change the amount of inventory they make available to the Company at any time. They may also change the price at which they offer inventory to the Company, or they may elect to make advertising space available to its competitors who offer ads to them on more favorable economic terms. In addition, publishers, developers and distribution partners may place significant restrictions on the Company’s use of their advertising inventory. These restrictions may prohibit ads from specific advertisers or specific industries, or they could restrict the use of specified creative content or format. They may also use a fee-based or subscription-based business model to generate revenue from their content, in lieu of or to reduce their reliance on ads. If publishers, developers and distribution partners decide not to make advertising inventory available to the Company for any of these reasons, decide to increase the price of inventory, or place significant restrictions on the Company’s use of their advertising space, the Company may not be able to replace this with inventory from others that satisfy the Company’s requirements in a timely and cost- effective manner. If this happens, the Company’s revenue could decline or its cost of acquiring inventory could increase. 24 The Company’s advertising business depends on its ability to collect and use data to deliver ads, and any limitation on the collection and use of this data could significantly diminish the value of the Company’s services and cause it to lose clients and revenue. When the Company delivers an ad to a mobile device, it will often be able to collect anonymous information about the placement of the ad and the interaction of the mobile device user with the ad, such as whether the user visited a landing page or installed an application. As the Company collects and aggregates this data provided by billions of ad impressions, it intends to analyze it in order to optimize the placement and scheduling of ads across the advertising inventory provided to it by developers. For example, the Company may use the collected information to limit the number of times a specific ad is presented to the same mobile device, to provide an ad to only certain types of mobile devices, or to provide a report to an advertiser client on the number of its ads that were clicked. Although the data the Company will collect is not personally identifiable information, its clients might decide not to allow it to collect some or all of this data or might limit its use of this data. For example, application developers may not agree to provide the Company with the data generated by interactions with the content on their applications, or device users may not consent to having information about their device usage provided to the developer. Any limitation on the Company’s ability to collect data about user behavior and interaction with mobile device content could make it more difficult for the Company to deliver effective mobile advertising programs that meet the demands of its advertiser clients. Although the Company’s contracts with advertisers will generally permit it to aggregate data from advertising campaigns, these clients might nonetheless request that the Company discontinue using data obtained from their campaigns that have already been aggregated with other clients’ campaign data. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to comply with these requests, and responding to these kinds of requests could also cause the Company to spend significant amounts of resources. Interruptions, failures or defects in its data collection, mining, analysis and storage systems, as well as privacy concerns and regulatory restrictions regarding the collection of data, could also limit its ability to aggregate and analyze mobile device user data from its clients’ advertising campaigns. If that happens, the Company may not be able to optimize the placement of advertising for the benefit of its advertiser clients, which could make its services less valuable, and, as a result, it may lose clients and its revenue may decline. If the Company fails to detect click fraud or other invalid clicks on ads, it could lose the confidence of its advertiser clients, which would cause its business to suffer. The Company’s business will rely on delivering positive results to its advertiser clients. The Company will be exposed to the risk of fraudulent and other invalid clicks or conversions that advertisers may perceive as undesirable. Because of their smaller sizes as compared to personal computers, mobile device usage could result in a higher rate of accidental or otherwise inadvertent clicks by a user. Invalid clicks could also result from click fraud, where a mobile device user intentionally clicks on ads for reasons other than to access the underlying content of the ads. If fraudulent or other malicious activity is perpetrated by others, and the Company is unable to detect and prevent it, the affected advertisers may experience or perceive a reduced return on their investment. High levels of invalid click activity could lead to dissatisfaction with its advertising services, refusals to pay, refund demands or withdrawal of future business. Any of these occurrences could damage the Company’s brand and lead to a loss of advertisers and revenue. The Company’s business depends on its ability to maintain the quality of its advertiser and developer content. The Company must be able to ensure that its clients’ ads are not placed in developer content that is unlawful or inappropriate. Likewise, its developers will rely upon the Company not to place ads in their apps that are unlawful or inappropriate. If the Company is unable to ensure that the quality of its advertiser and developer content does not decline as the number of advertisers and developers it works with continues to grow, then the Company’s reputation and business may suffer. 25 Risks Related to Our Market The markets in which we operate are highly competitive, and many of our competitors have significantly greater resources than we do. The distribution of applications, mobile advertising, development, distribution and sale of mobile products and services is a highly competitive business. We compete for end users primarily on the basis of positioning, brand, quality and price. We compete for wireless carriers placement based on these factors, as well as historical performance, technical know-how, perception of sales potential and relationships with licensors of brands and other intellectual property. We compete for content and brand licensors based on royalty and other economic terms, perceptions of development quality, porting abilities, speed of execution, distribution breadth and relationships with carriers. We compete for platform deployment contracts amongst other mobile platform companies. We also compete for experienced and talented employees. Our primary competition for application and content distribution comes from the traditional application store businesses of Apple and Google, existing operator solutions built internally, as well as companies providing app install products and services as offered by Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo!, Pandora and other ad networks such as RocketFuel. These companies can be both customers and publishers for Digital Turbines products, as well as competitors in certain cases. For the Discover product, there is some competition in the space by everything.me, Quixey, and Aviate, but our main competitors are OEM launchers and Android launchers. With Ignite, we see some smaller competitors, such as IronSource, Wild Tangent, and Sweet Labs, but the more material competition is internally developed operator solutions and specific mobile application management solutions built in-house by OEMs and Wireless Operators. Some of our existing wireless operators could make a strategic decision to develop their own solutions rather than continue to use our Discover and Ignite products. Some of our competitors’ and our potential competitors’ advantages over us, either globally or in particular geographic markets, include the following: • • • significantly greater revenues and financial resources; stronger brand and consumer recognition regionally or worldwide; the capacity to leverage their marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of mobile and non-mobile products; • more substantial intellectual property of their own from which they can develop products and services without having to pay • • • • royalties; pre-existing relationships with brand owners or carriers that afford them access to intellectual property while blocking the access of competitors to that same intellectual property; greater resources to make acquisitions; lower labor and development costs; and broader global distribution and presence. If we are unable to compete effectively or we are not as successful as our competitors in our target markets, our sales could decline (or, in DT’s case, inhibit generation of sales), our margins could decline and we could lose market share (or in DT’s case, fail to penetrate the market), any of which would materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. End user tastes are continually changing and are often unpredictable; if we fail to develop and publish new products and services that achieve market acceptance, our sales would suffer. Our business depends on developing and publishing new products and services that wireless carriers distribute and end users buy. We must continue to invest significant resources in licensing efforts, research and development, marketing, and regional expansion to enhance our offering of new products and services, and we must make decisions about these matters well in advance of product release in order to implement them in a timely manner. Our success depends, in part, on unpredictable and volatile factors beyond our control, including end-user preferences, competing products and services, and the availability of other entertainment activities. Historically, the majority of our revenues were derived via content purchases through traditional carrier application stores, which are in decline with momentum shifting towards third parties (Google and Apple). If our products and services are not responsive to the requirements of our carriers or the entertainment preferences of end users, are not marketed effectively through our direct-to-consumer operations, or are not brought to market in a timely and effective manner, our business, operating results, and financial condition would be harmed. Even if our products and services are successfully introduced, marketed effectively, and initially adopted, a subsequent shift in our carriers, the entertainment, shopping, and mobile preferences of end users, or our relationship with third-party billing aggregators could cause a decline in the popularity of, or access to, our offerings and could materially reduce our revenues and harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. 26 Wireless carriers generally control the price charged for our products and services related to our Content products, and the billing and collection for sales and could make decisions detrimental to us. Wireless carriers generally control the price charged for our products and services related to content either by approving or establishing the price of the offering charged to their subscribers. Some of our carrier agreements also restrict our ability to change prices related to content. In cases where carrier approval is required, approvals may not be granted in a timely manner or at all. A failure or delay in obtaining these approvals, the prices established by the carriers for our offerings, or changes in these prices could adversely affect market acceptance of our offerings. Similarly, for a minority of our carriers, when we make changes to a pricing plan (the wholesale price and the corresponding suggested retail price based on our negotiated revenue-sharing arrangement), adjustments to the actual retail price charged to end users may not be made in a timely manner or at all (even though our wholesale price was reduced). A failure or delay by these carriers in adjusting the retail price for our offerings, could adversely affect sales volume and our revenues for those offerings. Carriers and other distributors also control billings and collections for some of our products and services, either directly or through third-party service providers. If our carriers or their third-party service providers cause material inaccuracies when providing billing and collection services to us, our revenues may be less than anticipated or may be subject to refund at the discretion of the carrier. This could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We rely on the current state of the law in certain territories where we operate our business and any adverse change in such laws may significantly adversely impact our revenues and thus our operating results and financial condition. Decisions that regulators or governing bodies make with regard to the provision and marketing of mobile applications, content and/or billing can have a significant impact on the revenues generated in that market. Although most of our markets are mature with regulation clearly defined and implemented, there remains the potential for regulatory changes that would have adverse consequences on the business and subsequently our revenue. We rely on our current understanding of regional regulatory requirements pertaining to the marketing, advertising and promotion of our products and services, and any adverse change in such regulations, or a finding that we did not properly understand such regulations, may significantly impact our ability to market, advertise and promote our products and services and thereby adversely impact our revenues, our operating results and our financial condition. Some portions of our business rely extensively on marketing, advertising and promoting our products and services requiring it to have an understanding of the local laws and regulations governing our business. Additionally, we rely on the policies and procedures of wireless carriers and should those change, there could be an adverse impact on our products. In the event that we have relied on inaccurate information or advice, and engage in marketing, advertising or promotional activities that are not permitted, we may be subject to penalties, restricted from engaging in further activities or altogether prohibited from offering our products and services in a particular territory, all or any of which will adversely impact our revenues and thus our operating results and financial condition. The strategic direction of the Company's businesses is in early stages and not completely proven or certain. The business model that the Company is pursuing, mobile advertising and application installations, is in the early stages and not completely proven. There are many different types of models including, but not limited to, set-up fees, Cost per Installation (CPI) Cost per Placement (CPP), Cost per Action (CPA), up-front fees (including licensing), revenue shares, per device fees, as well as hybrids of each. Initial feedback from customers shows preference for different types of models. This could lead to risk in predicting future revenues and profits by individual customers. In particular, the ‘free’ download market is reliant upon mobile advertising, and the mobile advertising market is still in a nascent phase of monetization. In addition, our strategy for the Company entails offering its platform to existing and new customers. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully market new services and offerings to existing and new customers. Moreover, in order to credibly offer the Ignite and Discover platform, we will need to achieve additional operational and technical achievements to further develop the products. Both Ignite and Discover are compatible with Android, and should the market shift to a different operating system there would need to be modifications to our products to adapt to such a change. While we remain optimistic about our ability to complete this change and build out, it will be subject to all of the risks attendant to these development efforts as well as the need to provide additional capital to the effort. 27 Risks Relating to Our Industry Wireless communications technologies are changing rapidly, and we may not be successful in working with these new technologies. Wireless network and mobile handset technologies are undergoing rapid innovation. New handsets with more advanced processors and advanced programming languages continue to be introduced. In addition, networks that enable enhanced features are being developed and deployed. We have no control over the demand for, or success of, these products or technologies. If we fail to anticipate and adapt to these and other technological changes, the available channels for our products and services may be limited and our market share and operating results may suffer. Our future success will depend on our ability to adapt to rapidly changing technologies and develop products and services to accommodate evolving industry standards with improved performance and reliability. In addition, the widespread adoption of networking or telecommunications technologies or other technological changes could require substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our products and services. Technology changes in the wireless industry require us to anticipate, sometimes years in advance, which technologies we must implement and take advantage of in order to make our products and services, and other mobile entertainment products, competitive in the market. Therefore, we usually start our product development with a range of technical development goals that we hope to be able to achieve. We may not be able to achieve these goals, or our competition may be able to achieve them more quickly and effectively than we can. In either case, our products and services may be technologically inferior to those of our competitors, less appealing to end users, or both. If we cannot achieve our technology goals within our original development schedule, then we may delay their release until these technology goals can be achieved, which may delay or reduce our revenues, increase our development expenses and harm our reputation. Alternatively, we may increase the resources employed in research and development in an attempt either to preserve our product launch schedule or to keep up with our competition, which would increase our development expenses. In either case, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially harmed. The complexity of and incompatibilities among mobile handsets may require us to use additional resources for the development of our products and services. To reach large numbers of wireless subscribers, application developers, mobile entertainment publishers and white label storefront providers we must support numerous mobile handsets and technologies. However, keeping pace with the rapid innovation of handset technologies together with the continuous introduction of new, and often incompatible, handset models by wireless carriers requires us to make significant investments in research and development, including personnel, technologies and equipment. In the future, we may be required to make substantial investments in our development if the number of different types of handset models continues to proliferate. In addition, as more advanced handsets are introduced that enable more complex, feature-rich products and services, we anticipate that our development costs will increase, which could increase the risks associated with one or more of our products or services and could materially harm our operating results and financial condition. If wireless subscribers do not continue to use their mobile handsets to access mobile content and other applications, our business growth and future revenues may be adversely affected. We operate in a developing industry. Our success depends on growth in the number of wireless subscribers who use their handsets to access data services we develop and distribute. New or different mobile content applications developed by our current or future competitors may be preferred by subscribers to our offerings. In addition, other mobile platforms may become widespread, and end users may choose to switch to these platforms. If the market for our products and services does not continue to grow or we are unable to acquire new end users, our business growth and future revenues could be adversely affected. If end users switch their entertainment spending away from the kinds of offerings that we publish, or switch to platforms or distribution where we do not have comparative strengths, our revenues would likely decline and our business, operating results and financial condition would suffer. 28 Our industry is subject to risks generally associated with the content industry, any of which could significantly harm our operating results. Our business is subject to risks that are generally associated with the content industry, many of which are beyond our control. These risks could negatively impact our operating results and include: the popularity, price and timing of release of our offerings and mobile handsets on which they are accessed; economic conditions that adversely affect discretionary consumer spending; changes in consumer demographics; the availability and popularity of other forms of entertainment; and critical reviews and public tastes and preferences, which may change rapidly and cannot necessarily be predicted. A shift of technology platform by wireless carriers and mobile handset manufacturers could lengthen the development period for our offerings, increase our costs and cause our offerings to be of lower quality or to be published later than anticipated. Mobile handsets require multimedia capabilities enabled by operating systems capable of running applications, products and services such as ours. Our development resources are concentrated in today’s most popular operating systems, and we have experience developing applications for these operating systems. Specifically, our Ignite and Discover products currently are compatible with the Android and iOS operating system, with the iOS operating system now compatible through our Ignite Direct product. If this operating system falls out of favor with handset manufacturers and wireless carriers and there is a rapid shift to a new technology where we do not have development experience or resources, the development period for our products and services may be lengthened, increasing our costs, and the resulting products and services may be of lower quality, and may be published later than anticipated. In such an event, our reputation, business, operating results and financial condition might suffer. System or network failures could reduce our sales, increase costs or result in a loss of end users of our products and services. Mobile applications and content publishers rely on wireless carriers’ networks to deliver products and services to end users and on their or other third parties’ billing systems to track and account for the downloading of such offerings. In certain circumstances, mobile publishers may also rely on their own servers to deliver products on demand to end users through their carriers’ networks. In addition, certain products require access over the mobile Internet to our servers or third party servers in order to enable certain features. Any failure of, or technical problem with, carriers’, third parties’ or our billing systems, delivery systems, information systems or communications networks could result in the inability of end users to download our products, prevent the completion of a billing transaction, or interfere with access to some aspects of our products. If any of these systems fail or if there is an interruption in the supply of power, an earthquake, fire, flood or other natural disaster, or an act of war or terrorism, end users might be unable to access our offerings. For example, from time to time, our carriers have experienced failures with their billing and delivery systems and communication networks, including gateway failures that reduced the provisioning capacity of their branded e-commerce system. Any failure of, or technical problem with, the carriers’, other third parties’ or our systems could cause us to lose end users or revenues or incur substantial repair costs and distract management from operating our business. This, in turn, could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Our business depends on the growth and maintenance of wireless communications infrastructure. Our success will depend on the continued growth and maintenance of wireless communications infrastructure in the United States and internationally. This includes deployment and maintenance of reliable next-generation digital networks with the speed, data capacity and security necessary to provide reliable wireless communications services. Wireless communications infrastructure may be unable to support the demands placed on it if the number of subscribers continues to increase, or if existing or future subscribers increase their bandwidth requirements. Wireless communications have experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of infrastructure and equipment failures, and could face outages and delays in the future. These outages and delays could reduce the level of wireless communications usage as well as our ability to distribute our products and services successfully. In addition, changes by a wireless carrier to network infrastructure may interfere with downloads and may cause end users to lose functionality. This could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. 29 Actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in mobile handsets or wireless networks could adversely affect our revenues. Maintaining the security of mobile handsets and wireless networks is critical for our business. There are individuals and groups who develop and deploy viruses, worms and other illicit code or malicious software programs that may attack wireless networks and handsets. Security experts have identified computer “worm” programs that target handsets running on certain operating systems. Although these worms have not been widely released and do not present an immediate risk to our business, we believe future threats could lead some end users to seek to reduce or delay future purchases of our products or reduce or delay the use of their handsets. Wireless carriers and handset manufacturers may also increase their expenditures on protecting their wireless networks and mobile phone products from attack, which could delay adoption of new handset models. Any of these activities could adversely affect our revenues and this could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Changes in government regulation of the media and wireless communications industries may adversely affect our business. A number of laws and regulations have been and likely will continue to be adopted in the United States and elsewhere that could restrict the media and wireless communications industries, including laws and regulations regarding customer privacy, taxation, content suitability, copyright, distribution and antitrust. Furthermore, the growth and development of the market for electronic commerce may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws that may impose additional burdens on companies such as ours conducting business through wireless carriers. We anticipate that regulation of our industry will increase and that we will be required to devote legal and other resources to address this regulation. Changes in current laws or regulations or the imposition of new laws and regulations in the United States or elsewhere regarding the media and wireless communications industries may lessen the growth of wireless communications services and may materially reduce our ability to increase or maintain sales of our products and services. A number of studies have examined the health effects of mobile phone use, and the results of some of the studies have been interpreted as evidence that mobile phone use causes adverse health effects. The establishment of a link between the use of mobile phone services and health problems, or any media reports suggesting such a link, could increase government regulation of, and reduce demand for, mobile phones and, accordingly, the demand for our products and services, and this could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Risks Related to Our Management, Employees and Acquisitions Our business and growth may suffer if we are unable to hire and retain key personnel, who are in high demand. We depend on the continued contributions of our domestic and international senior management and other key personnel. We have had three people fill the position of Chief Financial Officer in the past three years. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key employees could harm our business. Because not all of our executive officers and key employees are under employment agreements or are under agreement with short terms, their future employment with the Company is uncertain. Additionally, our workforce is comprised of a relatively small number of employees operating in different countries around the globe who support our existing and potential customers. Given the size and geographic dispersion of our workforce, we could experience challenges with execution as our business matures and expands. Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract and retain highly skilled technical, managerial, finance, marketing and creative personnel. We face intense competition for qualified individuals from numerous technology, marketing and mobile entertainment companies. Further, we conduct international operations in Germany, Israel, Singapore and Australia, areas that, similar to our headquarters region, have high costs of living and consequently high compensation standards and/or intense demand for qualified individuals which may require us to incur significant costs to attract them. We may be unable to attract and retain suitably qualified individuals who are capable of meeting our growing creative, operational and managerial requirements, or may be required to pay increased compensation in order to do so. If we are unable to attract and retain the qualified personnel we need to succeed, our business would suffer. Volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. Some of our senior management personnel and other key employees have become, or will soon become, vested in a substantial amount of stock or stock options. Employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares they own or the shares underlying their options have significantly appreciated in value relative to the original purchase prices of the shares or the exercise prices of the options, or if the exercise prices of the options that they hold are significantly above the market price of our common stock. If we are unable to retain our employees, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed. 30 Growth may place significant demands on our management and our infrastructure. We operate in an emerging market and have experienced, and may continue to experience, growth in our business through internal growth and acquisitions. This growth has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. Continued growth could strain our ability to: • • • develop and improve our operational, financial and management controls; enhance our reporting systems and procedures; recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel; • maintain our quality standards; and • maintain branded content owner, wireless carrier and end-user satisfaction. Managing our growth will require significant expenditures and allocation of valuable management resources. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as it grows, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed. The acquisition of other companies, businesses or technologies could result in operating difficulties, dilution and other harmful consequences. We have made acquisitions and, although we have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to do so (except as otherwise disclosed within this document), we may pursue further acquisitions, any of which could be material to our business, operating results and financial condition. Future acquisitions could divert management’s time and focus from operating our business, even in instances where acquisition negotiations are unsuccessful. In addition, integrating an acquired company, business or technology is risky and may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. We may also raise additional capital for the acquisition of, or investment in, companies, technologies, products or assets that complement our business. Future acquisitions or dispositions could result in potentially dilutive issuances of our equity securities, including our common stock, or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses or acquired in-process research and development expenses, any of which could harm our financial condition and operating results. Future acquisitions may also require us to obtain additional financing, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all. International acquisitions involve risks related to integration of operations across different cultures and languages, currency risks and the particular economic, political and regulatory risks associated with specific countries. In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our earnings based on this impairment assessment process, which could harm our operating results. Changes to financial accounting standards could make it more expensive to issue stock options to employees, which would increase compensation costs and might cause us to change our business practices. We prepare our financial statements to conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These accounting principles are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC” or the “Commission”) and various other bodies. A change in those principles could have a significant effect on our reported results and might affect our reporting of transactions completed before a change is announced. For example, we have used restricted stock and stock options grants as a fundamental component of our employee compensation packages. We believe that such grants directly motivate our employees to maximize long-term stockholder value and, through the use of vesting, encourage employees to remain in our employ. Several regulatory agencies and entities have made regulatory changes that could make it more difficult or expensive for us to grant stock options or restricted stock to employees. We may, as a result of these changes, incur increased compensation costs, change our equity compensation strategy or find it difficult to attract, retain and motivate employees, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. 31 Risks Related to the Economy in the United States and Globally The effects of the past recession in the United States and general downturn in the global economy, including financial market disruptions, could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results or financial condition. Our operating results also may be affected by uncertain or changing economic conditions such as the challenges that are currently affecting economic conditions in the United States and the global economy. If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in the United States or other key markets, remain uncertain or persist, spread, or deteriorate further, we may experience material impacts on our business, operating results, and financial condition in a number of ways including negatively affecting our profitability and causing our stock price to decline. We face added business, political, regulatory, operational, financial and economic risks as a result of our international operations and distribution, any of which could increase our costs and hinder our growth. We expect international sales to continue to be an important component of our revenues. Risks affecting our international operations include: • challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences; • multiple and conflicting laws and regulations, including complications due to unexpected changes in these laws and • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • regulations; the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations; higher costs associated with doing business internationally; difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; greater fluctuations in sales to end users and through carriers in developing countries, including longer payment cycles and greater difficulty collecting accounts receivable; protectionist laws and business practices that favor local businesses in some countries; foreign tax consequences; foreign exchange controls that might prevent us from repatriating income earned in countries outside the United States; price controls; the servicing of regions by many different carriers; imposition of public sector controls; political, economic and social instability, including relating to the current European sovereign debt crisis; restrictions on the export or import of technology; trade and tariff restrictions; variations in tariffs, quotas, taxes and other market barriers; and difficulties in enforcing intellectual property rights in countries other than the United States. In addition, developing user interfaces that are compatible with other languages or cultures can be expensive. As a result, our ongoing international expansion efforts may be more costly than we expect. Further, expansion into developing countries subjects us to the effects of regional instability, civil unrest and hostilities, and could adversely affect us by disrupting communications and making travel more difficult. These risks could harm our international expansion efforts, which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. 32 The Company is expanding and developing internationally, and our increasing foreign operations and exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may increase. We have expanded, and we expect that we will continue to expand, our international operations. International operations inherently subject us to a number of risks and uncertainties, including: • • • • • • • • • • changes in international regulatory and compliance requirements that could restrict our ability to develop, market and sell our products; social, political or economic instability or recessions; diminished protection of intellectual property in some countries outside of the United States; difficulty in hiring, staffing and managing qualified and proficient local employees and advisors to run international operations; the difficulty of managing and operating an international enterprise, including difficulties in maintaining effective communications with employees and customers due to distance, language and cultural barriers; differing labor regulations and business practices; higher operating costs due to local laws or regulations; fluctuations in foreign economies and currency exchange rates; difficulty in enforcing agreements; and potentially negative consequences from changes in or interpretations of tax laws, post- acquisition. Any of these factors may, individually or as a group, have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Risks Related to Potential Liability, our Intellectual Property and our Content If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property rights, it may be possible for third parties to obtain and improperly use our intellectual property and our competitive position may be adversely affected. Our intellectual property is an essential element of our business. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. To date, we have not obtained patent protection; however, applications have been submitted. Consequently, we may not be able to protect our technologies from independent invention by third parties. We also seek to maintain certain intellectual property as trade secrets. The secrecy could be compromised by outside parties, or by our employees, which could cause us to lose the competitive advantage resulting from these trade secrets. We also face risks associated with our trademarks. For example, there is a risk that our international trademark applications may be considered too generic or that the words “Digital” or “Turbine” could be separately or compositely trademarked by third parties with competitive products who may try and block our applications or sue us for trademark dilution which could have adverse effects on our financial status. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise to obtain and use our intellectual property. Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent infringement, piracy, and other unauthorized uses of our intellectual property, particularly internationally where the laws may not protect our intellectual property rights as fully as in the United States. In the future, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management and resources. In addition, although we require third parties to sign agreements not to disclose or improperly use our intellectual property, it may still be possible for third parties to obtain and improperly use our intellectual properties without our consent. This could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. 33 Third parties may sue us for intellectual property infringement, which, if successful, may disrupt our business and could require us to pay significant damage awards. Third parties may sue us for intellectual property infringement or initiate proceedings to invalidate our intellectual property, either of which, if successful, could disrupt the conduct of our business, cause us to pay significant damage awards or require us to pay licensing fees. In the event of a successful claim against us, we might be enjoined from using our licensed intellectual property, we might incur significant licensing fees and we might be forced to develop alternative technologies. Our failure or inability to develop non- infringing technology or software or to license the infringed or similar technology or software on a timely basis could force us to withdraw products and services from the market or prevent us from introducing new products and services. In addition, even if we are able to license the infringed or similar technology or software, license fees could be substantial and the terms of these licenses could be burdensome, which might adversely affect our operating results. We might also incur substantial expenses in defending against third-party infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Successful infringement or licensing claims against us might result in substantial monetary liabilities and might materially disrupt the conduct of our business. Litigation may harm our business. Substantial, complex or extended litigation could cause us to incur significant costs and distract our management. For example, lawsuits by employees, stockholders, collaborators, distributors, customers, competitors, end-users or others could be very costly and substantially disrupt our business. Disputes from time to time with such companies, organizations or individuals are not uncommon, and we cannot assure you that we will always be able to resolve such disputes or on terms favorable to us. Unexpected results could cause us to have financial exposure in these matters in excess of recorded reserves and insurance coverage, requiring us to provide additional reserves to address these liabilities, therefore impacting profits. Carriers or other customers have and may try to include us as defendants in suits brought against them by their own customers or third parties. In such cases, the risks and expenses would be similar to those where we are the party directly involved in the litigation. Indemnity provisions in various agreements potentially expose us to substantial liability for intellectual property infringement, damages caused by malicious software and other losses. In the ordinary course of our business, most of our agreements with carriers and other distributors include indemnification provisions. In these provisions, we agree to indemnify them for losses suffered or incurred in connection with our products and services, including as a result of intellectual property infringement and damages caused by viruses, worms and other malicious software. The term of these indemnity provisions is generally perpetual after execution of the corresponding license agreement, and the maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is generally unlimited. Large future indemnity payments could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We face risks associated with currency exchange rate fluctuations. We currently transact a significant portion of our revenues in foreign currencies, namely the Australian dollar. Conducting business in currencies other than U.S. Dollars subjects us to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could have a negative impact on our reported operating results. Fluctuations in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative to other currencies impact our revenues, cost of revenues and operating margins and result in foreign currency transaction gains and losses. To date, we have not engaged in exchange rate-hedging activities. Even if we were to implement hedging strategies to mitigate this risk, these strategies might not eliminate our exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations and would involve costs and risks of their own, such as ongoing management time and expertise, external costs to implement the strategies and potential accounting implications. 34 Our business in countries with a history of corruption and transactions with foreign governments, including with government owned or controlled wireless carriers, increase the risks associated with our international activities. As we operate and sell internationally, we are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by the United States and other business entities for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations, deal with carriers and make sales in countries known to experience corruption, particularly certain emerging countries in Eastern Europe and Latin America, and further international expansion may involve more of these countries. Our activities in these countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors that could be in violation of various laws including the FCPA, even though these parties are not always subject to our control. We have attempted to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees, consultants, sales agents and distributors. However, our existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be less than effective, and our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Government regulation of our marketing methods could restrict our ability to adequately advertise and promote our content, products and services available in certain jurisdictions. The governments of some countries have sought to regulate the methods and manner in which certain of our products and services may be marketed to potential end-users. Regulation aimed at prohibiting, limiting or restricting various forms of advertising and promotion we use to market our products and services could also increase our cost of operations or preclude the ability to offer our products and services altogether. As a result, government regulation of our marketing efforts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. 35 Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and Capital Structure The Company has secured and unsecured indebtedness, which could limit its financial flexibility. The Company’s up to $5 million in secured indebtedness and $16 million in unsecured indebtedness could have significant negative consequences including: • • • • • • • increasing the Company’s vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; limiting the Company’s ability to obtain additional financing; violating a financial covenant, resulting in the indebtedness to be paid back immediately and thus negatively impacting our liquidity; requiring additional financial covenant measurement consents or default waivers without enhanced financial performance in the short term; requiring the use of a substantial portion of any cash flow from operations to service indebtedness, thereby reducing the amount of cash flow available for other purposes, including capital expenditures; limiting the Company’s flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in the Company’s business and the industry in which it competes, including by virtue of the requirement that the Company remain in compliance with certain negative operating covenants included in the credit arrangements under which the Company will be obligated as well as meeting certain reporting requirements; and placing the Company at a possible competitive disadvantage to less leveraged competitors that are larger and may have better access to capital resources. Our secured indebtedness contains current ratio and revenue financial covenants. There can be no assurance we will continue to satisfy these covenants. We may fail to satisfy the current ratio covenant due to increases in liabilities or decreases in current assets, which can occur despite our best efforts. Similarly, the revenue covenant can fail to be satisfied due to slowdowns in our business or failing to meet projections. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Recent Developments” for a description of these financial covenants. If we fail to satisfy these covenants, the lender may declare a default, which could lead to acceleration of the debt. Further, acceleration could cause a cross default under our $16 million unsecured notes (the "Notes) due 2020. Any such default or cross default would have a material adverse effect on the Company. The secured indebtedness also contains a requirement that at all times two thirds of our Notes due 2020 remain subject subordination agreements. There is no assurance that this condition will always be satisfied due to potential sales, conversions or other events with respect to the Notes. If we failed to comply with his requirement the lender may declare a default, which could lead to acceleration and the other adverse consequences noted immediately above. The collateral pledged to secured our secured debt, consisting of all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets, would be available to the secured creditor in a foreclosure, in addition to many other remedies. Accordingly, any adverse change in our ability to service our secured debt could result in an event of default, cross default and foreclosure or forced sale. Depending on the value of the assets, there could be little if any assets available for common stockholders or Noteholders in any foreclosure or forced sale. To service our debt and fund our other capital requirements, we will require a significant amount of cash, and our ability to generate cash will depend on many factors beyond our control. Our ability to meet our debt service obligations and to fund working capital, capital expenditures and investments in our business, will depend upon our future performance, which will be subject to financial, business and other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our control. For example, this could include general and regional economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors. We cannot ensure that we will generate cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available, in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our debt or to fund our other liquidity needs. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional indebtedness or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. 36 The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations, and you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the current price. The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors that are beyond our control, including announcements of new products or services by our competitors. In addition, the market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, including: • • • • • quarterly variations in our revenues and operating expenses; developments in the financial markets, and the worldwide or regional economies; announcements of innovations or new products or services by us or our competitors; significant sales of our common stock or other securities in the open market; and changes in accounting principles. In the past, stockholders have often instituted securities class action litigation after periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities. If a stockholder were to file any such class action suit against us, we would incur substantial legal fees and our management’s attention and resources would be diverted from operating our business to respond to the litigation, which could harm our business. If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of the NASDAQ Capital Market, our common stock may be delisted and the price of our common stock and our ability to access the capital markets could be negatively impacted. Our common stock is listed for trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“NADSAQ”). On May 30, 2017, the last reported sale price for our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market was $1.10 per share and the closing price of our common stock has traded in a range from a low of $0.59 per share to a high of $1.47 per share during fiscal 2017. We must continue to satisfy NASDAQ’s continued listing requirements, including, among other things, a minimum closing bid price requirement of $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. If a company trades for 30 consecutive business days below the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement, NASDAQ will send a deficiency notice to the company, advising that it has been afforded a “compliance period” of 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the applicable requirements. Thereafter, if such a company does not regain compliance with the bid price requirement, a second 180-day compliance period may be available. A delisting of our common stock from NADSAQ could materially reduce the liquidity of our common stock and result in a corresponding material reduction in the price of our common stock. In addition, delisting could harm our ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, employees and fewer business development opportunities. The sale of securities by us in any equity or debt financing, or the issuance of new shares related to an acquisition, could result in dilution to our existing stockholders and have a material adverse effect on our earnings. Any sale or issuance of common stock by us in a future offering or acquisition could result in dilution to the existing stockholders as a direct result of our issuance of additional shares of our capital stock. In addition, our business strategy may include expansion through internal growth by acquiring complimentary businesses, acquiring or licensing additional brands, or establishing strategic relationships with targeted customers and suppliers. In order to do so, or to finance the cost of our other activities, we may issue additional equity securities that could dilute our stockholders’ stock ownership. We may also assume additional debt and incur impairment losses related to goodwill and other tangible assets if we acquire another company, and this could negatively impact our earnings and results of operations. We may choose to raise additional capital to accelerate the growth of our business, and we may not be able to raise capital to grow our business on terms acceptable to us or at all. Should we choose to pursue alternatives to accelerate the growth or enhance our existing business, we may require significant cash outlays and commitments. If our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances and any cash generated from operations are not sufficient to meet our cash requirements, we may seek additional capital, potentially through debt or equity financings, to fund our growth. We may not be able to raise needed cash on terms acceptable to us or at all. Financings, if available, may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our stockholders, and the prices at which new investors would be willing to purchase our securities may be lower than the fair market value of our common stock. The holders of new securities may also receive rights, preferences or privileges that are senior to those of existing holders of our common stock. 37 Our GAAP operating results could fluctuate substantially due to the accounting for the early conversion, anti-dilution and other features of the Notes. We expect the Notes will be accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging (or ASC 815) as an embedded derivative. For instance, the early conversion payment feature of the Notes is accounted for under ASC 815 as an embedded derivative. ASC 815 requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The fair value of the derivative is remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the derivative being charged to earnings (loss). Although we have not finalized our accounting treatment, we expect that we must bifurcate and account for the Early Conversion Payment feature of the Notes as an embedded derivative in accordance with ASC 815. We expect to have to record this embedded derivative liability as a non-current liability on our consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding debt discount at the date of issuance that is netted against the principal amount of the Notes. The derivative liability is remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the derivative liability being recorded in other income and loss. There is no current observable market for this type of derivative and, as such, we determine the fair value of the embedded derivative using the binomial lattice model. The valuation model uses the stock price, conversion price, maturity date, risk-free interest rate, estimated stock volatility and estimated credit spread. Changes in the inputs for these valuation models may have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities. For example, an increase in the Company’s stock price results in an increase in the estimated fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities. The embedded derivative liability may have, on a GAAP basis, a substantial effect on our balance sheet from quarter to quarter and it is difficult to predict the effect on our future GAAP financial results, since valuation of these embedded derivative liabilities are based on factors largely outside of our control and may have a negative impact on our earnings and balance sheet. We also expect to have a material derivative liability recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as a result of the anti-dilution and other embedded derivative features in the warrants and/or the Notes. Under applicable accounting rules, we may be required to “mark to market” this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value associated with this liability in our consolidated statement of operations. As such, when our stock price increases, the fair value of this liability would increase, and we recognize an expense associated with this change in fair value. Similarly, when our stock price decreases, the fair value of this liability decreases, and we recognize a gain associated with this change in fair value. As such, though there is no cash flow impact to us caused by the volatility of our stock price, applicable accounting rules have a direct impact on our reported profit or loss as per Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. We have also not finalized the impact on our ability to use the treasury method to calculate diluted earnings per share as a result of the conversion option and warrant transactions. Our ability to use the treasury method may differ before and after shareholder approval of the issuance of the maximum shares in this offering, assuming such approval is granted. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards will permit the use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes, then our diluted earnings per share would be adversely affected. We have not completed our analysis of other features of the Notes and warrants and it is possible that the complex accounting rules applicable to these instruments may require us to record other material non-cash charges to earnings and/or non-cash derivative liabilities. These affects may significantly impact our reported results. The Notes are unsecured, are effectively subordinated to all of our future secured indebtedness and are structurally subordinated to all liabilities of our subsidiaries (other than the guarantors), including trade credit. The Notes are unsecured, are effectively subordinated to all of our future secured indebtedness (although we are not permitted to incur any secured or unsecured indebtedness subject to limited exceptions) and are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and liabilities of our subsidiaries (other than the guarantors), including trade payables. The Notes rank equally with all our future general unsecured and unsubordinated obligations, and senior to all our future subordinated debt. As noted, above, over two thirds of our Notes holders are subject to subordination agreements in favor of our senior secured lender. In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or other winding up, although we are not permitted to incur any secured or unsecured indebtedness subject to limited exceptions (such as the consent to incur $5 million of secured debt we received, as noted above), our assets that secure debt ranking senior in right of payment to the Notes will be available to pay obligations on the Notes only after the secured debt has been repaid in full from these assets, and subject to the guarantees discussed below, the assets of our subsidiaries will be available to pay obligations on the Notes only after all claims senior to the Notes which includes all liabilities of such subsidiary, including trade payables have been repaid in full. There may not be sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on any or all of the Notes then outstanding. 38 The Notes do not contain restrictive financial covenants, other than debt incurrence and restrictions on payments, and we may take actions which may affect our ability to satisfy our obligations under the Notes. The indenture governing the Notes does not contain any financial or operating covenants (other than restrictions on our incurrence of certain other indebtedness (including secured debt) and restrictions on certain payments) by us or any of our subsidiaries. In addition, the limited covenants applicable to the Notes do not require us to achieve or maintain any minimum financial results relating to our financial position or results of operations. Our ability to recapitalize and take a number of other actions that are not limited by the terms of the Notes could have the effect of diminishing our ability to make payments on the Notes when due, including interest payments, payments of principal and payments due upon the election of a holder to require us to purchase Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, and require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, which would reduce the availability of cash flow to fund our operations, working capital and capital expenditures. Recent regulatory actions may adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of the Notes and of the warrants and our common stock. We expect that many investors in, and potential purchasers of, the Notes and warrants will employ, or seek to employ, a convertible arbitrage strategy with respect to the Notes and warrants. Investors would typically implement such a strategy by selling short the common stock underlying the Notes and warrants and dynamically adjusting their short position while continuing to hold the Notes and warrants. Investors may also implement this type of strategy by entering into swaps on our common stock in lieu of or in addition to short selling the common stock. As a result, any specific rules regulating equity swaps or short selling of securities or other governmental action that interferes with the ability of market participants to effect short sales or equity swaps with respect to our common stock could adversely affect the ability of investors in, or potential purchasers of, the Notes and warrants to conduct the convertible arbitrage strategy with respect to the Notes and warrants. The SEC and other regulatory and self-regulatory authorities have implemented various rules and taken certain actions, and may in the future adopt additional rules and take other actions, that may impact those engaging in short selling activity involving equity securities (including our common stock). Such rules and actions include Rule 201 of SEC Regulation SHO, the adoption by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. and the national securities exchanges of a “Limit Up-Limit Down” program, the imposition of market- wide circuit breakers that halt trading of securities for certain periods following specific market declines, and the implementation of certain regulatory reforms required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. Any governmental or regulatory action that restricts the ability of investors in, or potential purchasers of, the Notes and warrants to effect short sales of our common stock, borrow our common stock or enter into swaps on our common stock could adversely affect the trading price and the liquidity of the Notes and warrants. The adjustment to the conversion rate for Notes converted in connection with a make-whole fundamental change (including a redemption) may not adequately compensate the investor for any lost value of the investors' Notes as a result of such transaction. If a make-whole fundamental change (as defined herein) occurs prior to maturity, under certain circumstances, we will increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares of our common stock for Notes converted in connection with such make- whole fundamental change. The increase in the conversion rate will be determined based on the date on which the specified corporate transaction becomes effective and the price paid (or deemed paid) per share of our common stock in such transaction, as described in the indenture for the Notes. The adjustment to the conversion rate for Notes converted in connection with a make-whole fundamental change may not adequately compensate the investor for any lost value of the investors' Notes as a result of such transaction. In addition, if the price paid (or deemed paid) per share of our common stock in the transaction is greater than $1.25 per share of our common stock or less than $20 per share of our common stock (in each case, subject to adjustment), no adjustment will be made to the conversion rate. In addition, the investor will not be entitled to an Early Conversion Payment for any conversion on or after the effective time of a make-whole fundamental change. Our obligation to increase the conversion rate upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change could be considered a penalty, in which case the enforceability thereof would be subject to general principles of reasonableness of economic remedies. 39 Our GAAP operating results could fluctuate substantially due to the accounting for the early conversion payment features of the Notes. Holders who convert their Notes prior to the September 23, 2019 will receive an Early Conversion Payment. The Early Conversion Payment feature of the Notes is expected to be accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) as an embedded derivative. ASC 815 requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The fair value of the derivative is remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the derivative being charged to earnings (loss). We have tentatively determined that we must bifurcate and account for the Early Conversion Payment feature of the Notes as an embedded derivative in accordance with ASC 815. We tentatively will record this embedded derivative liability as a non-current liability on our consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding debt discount at the date of issuance that is netted against the principal amount of the Notes. The derivative liability is expected to be remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the derivative liability being recorded in other income and loss. We expect we will estimate the fair value of these liabilities using a Monte Carlo simulation model. We cannot predict the effect that the accounting for the Notes will have on our future GAAP financial results, the trading of our common stock and the trading price of the Notes, which could be material. The conversion rate of the Notes and/or exercise price for the warrants may not be adjusted for all dilutive events. The conversion rate of the Notes and the exercise price for the warrants are each subject to separate adjustments for certain events, including, but not limited to, the issuance of shares of our common stock without consideration or at a price per share less than the applicable conversion rate, subject to certain exceptions, the issuance of stock dividends on our common stock, the issuance of certain rights, options, or warrants, subdivisions, combinations, distributions of capital stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets or property, cash dividends and certain issuer tender offers or exchange offers as described in the indenture for the Notes. However, the conversion rate and exercise price, as applicable, will not be adjusted for all possible events, such as a third-party tender offer or exchange offer, that may adversely affect the trading price of the Notes or the market price of our common stock. An event that adversely affects the value of the Notes may occur, and that event may not result in an adjustment to the conversion rate. Some significant restructuring transactions may not constitute a fundamental change, in which case we would not be obligated to purchase the Notes at the option of the holder. Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, subject to certain conditions, the investor will have the right, at the investors' option, to require us to purchase for cash all or any portion of the investors' Notes with a principal amount equal to $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof. However, the fundamental change provisions will not afford protection to holders of Notes in the event of other transactions that do not constitute a fundamental change but that could nevertheless adversely affect the Notes. For example, transactions such as leveraged recapitalizations (subject to the limitations in the indenture to incur new debt), refinancings, restructurings or acquisitions initiated by us may not constitute a fundamental change requiring us to purchase the Notes. In the event of any such transaction, holders would not have the right to require us to purchase their Notes, even though each of these transactions could increase the amount of our indebtedness or otherwise adversely affect our capital structure or any credit ratings, thereby adversely affecting holders of the Notes. We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to repurchase the Notes when required. Holders of the Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase the Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at 120% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest (including additional interest), if any, as described in the indenture for the Notes. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of the Notes surrendered therefor. Our failure to repurchase surrendered Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture would constitute a default under the indenture. A default under the indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under the agreements governing other indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Notes. 40 We will not seek a rating on the Notes. We do not intend to seek a rating on the Notes. However, if a rating service were to rate the Notes and if such rating service were to lower its rating on the Notes below the rating initially assigned to the Notes or otherwise announce its intention to put the Notes on credit watch, the trading price of the Notes could decline. There is no public market for the Notes or for the warrants, which could limit their respective trading price or the investors' ability to sell them. The Notes and warrants are new issues of securities for which there currently is no respective trading market. As a result, a market may not develop for the Notes or for the warrants and the investor may not be able to sell its Notes and warrants. Any Notes and warrants that are traded after their initial issuance may trade at a discount from their initial offering price. Future trading prices of the Notes and of the warrants will depend on many factors, including prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities, general economic conditions and our financial condition, performance and prospects. Accordingly, the investor may be required to bear the financial risk of an investment in the Notes and warrants for an indefinite period of time. We do not intend to apply for listing or quotation of the Notes or the warrants on any securities exchange or automated quotation system. While the initial purchaser may make a market in the Notes and in the warrants, they are not required to do so and, consequently, any market making with respect to the Notes and warrants may be discontinued at any time without notice. Even if the initial purchaser makes a market in the Notes and in the warrants, the liquidity of such markets may be limited. Conversion of the Notes and exercise of the warrants will dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders, including holders who had previously converted their Notes, or may otherwise depress the market price of our common stock. The conversion of some or all of the Notes and the exercise of some or all of the warrants will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. Any sales in the public market of the shares of our common stock issuable upon such conversion or such exercise could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Notes and warrants may encourage short selling by market participants because the anticipated conversion of the Notes or upon exercise of the warrants into shares of our common stock could depress the market price of our common stock. U.S. holders will recognize income for U.S. federal income tax purposes significantly in excess of interest payments on the Notes, and gains, if any, recognized on a disposition of Notes will generally be taxed as ordinary income. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we intend to treat the Notes as contingent payment debt obligations under the contingent payment debt regulations and the rest of this discussion so assumes. Accordingly, all payments on the Notes, including stated interest, will be taken into account under the contingent payment debt regulations and actual cash payments of interest on the Notes will not be reported separately as taxable income. As discussed more fully below, the effect of the contingent payment debt regulations will be to require a holder, regardless of such holder’s usual method of tax accounting, to use the accrual method with respect to the Notes. There is some uncertainty as to the proper application of the Treasury Regulations governing contingent payment debt instruments and, if the treatment described herein were to be successfully challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) (the “IRS”), it might be determined that, among other things, the investor should have accrued interest income at a lower or higher rate, or should have recognized capital gain or loss, rather than ordinary income or loss, upon the conversion or taxable disposition of the Notes. 41 The investor may be subject to tax if we make or fail to make certain adjustments to the conversion rate of the Notes, even though the investor will not receive a corresponding cash distribution. The conversion rate of the Notes is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, including the payment of cash dividends. If the conversion rate is adjusted as a result of a distribution that is taxable to our common stockholders, such as a cash dividend, the investor may be deemed to have received a dividend subject to U.S. federal income tax without the receipt of any cash. In addition, a failure to adjust (or to adjust adequately) the conversion rate after an event that increases the investors' proportionate interest in us could be treated as a deemed taxable dividend to the investor. If a make-whole fundamental change occurs on or prior to the maturity date of the Notes, under some circumstances, we will increase the conversion rate for Notes converted in connection with the make-whole fundamental change. Such increase also may be treated as a dividends subject to U.S. federal income tax. If the investor is a non-U.S. holder, such a deemed dividend may be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable treaty, or to backup withholding, both of which may be set off against subsequent payments of cash and common stock payable on the Notes. Holders of Notes and warrants will not be entitled to any rights with respect to our common stock, but will be subject to all changes made with respect to our common stock. Holders of Notes and warrants will not be entitled to any rights with respect to our common stock (including, without limitation, voting rights and rights to receive any dividends or other distributions on our common stock), but holders of Notes and warrants will be subject to all changes affecting our common stock. For example, if an amendment is proposed to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requiring stockholder approval and the record date for determining the stockholders of record entitled to vote on the amendment occurs prior to the relevant conversion date, such holder will not be entitled to vote on the amendment, although such holder will nevertheless be subject to any changes in the powers, preferences or special rights of our common stock. Volatility in the market price and trading volume of our common stock could adversely impact the trading price of the Notes and of the warrants. The stock market in recent years has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of companies. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including in response to the risks described in this section or for reasons unrelated to our operations, such as reports by industry analysts, investor perceptions or negative announcements by our customers, competitors or suppliers regarding their own performance, as well as industry conditions and general financial, economic and political instability. A decrease in the market price of our common stock would likely adversely impact the trading price of the Notes and of the warrants. The market price of our common stock could also be affected by possible sales of our common stock by investors who view the Notes and warrants as a more attractive means of equity participation in us and by hedging or arbitrage trading activity that we expect to develop involving our common stock. This trading activity could, in turn, affect the respective trading prices of the Notes and warrants. Future sales of our common stock in the public market could lower the market price for our common stock and adversely impact the trading price of the Notes and of the warrants. In the future, we may sell additional shares of our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock to raise capital. In addition, a substantial number of shares of our common stock is reserved for issuance upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock pursuant to our employee benefit plans, for purchase by employees under our employee stock purchase plan, and upon conversion of the Notes offered hereby and in relation to the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions we expect to enter into in connection with the pricing of the Notes. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on the market price for our common stock. The issuance and sale of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such issuances and sales may occur, could adversely affect the trading price of the Notes and of the warrants, and the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. 42 Federal and state statutes allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void the guarantees. In such event, holders of the Notes could be structurally subordinated to creditors of the guarantor. Federal and state statutes allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void guarantees, subordinate claims under the guarantee to the guarantor’s other debt or take other action detrimental to holders of the guarantee of Notes. Under the federal bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer laws, the guarantees made by the Digital Turbine’s subsidiaries could be voided or subordinated to other debt for a variety of reasons. To the extent that a subsidiary guarantee were to be voided as a fraudulent conveyance or was held to be unenforceable for any other reason, holders of the Notes would cease to have any claim in respect of such guarantor. We could lose access to our NOLs as a result of the conversion of the Notes and exercises of the warrants. We have significant net operating losses which could be lost or impaired if delivery of shares upon conversion or exercise of Notes or warrants causes an “ownership change” under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Provisions in the indenture for the Notes and/or warrant agreement for the warrants may deter or prevent a business combination that may be favorable to the investor. If a fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date of the Notes, holders of the Notes will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes. In addition, if a make-whole fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date of the Notes, we will in some cases be required to increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its Notes in connection with such fundamental change. Furthermore, the indenture for the Notes prohibits us from engaging in certain mergers or acquisitions unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the Notes. These and other provisions in the indenture with respect to the Notes and in the warrant agreement with respect to the warrants could deter or prevent a third party from acquiring us even when the acquisition may be favorable to the investor. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they downgrade their recommendations regarding our common stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline. The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business or us. If any of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock, our common stock price would likely decline. If analysts cease coverage of our Company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our common stock price or trading volume to decline. We do not anticipate paying dividends. Our secured and unsecured indebtedness essentially prevents all payments of dividends to our stockholders. Even if such dividends were permitted by the applicable lenders, we have never paid cash or other dividends on our common stock. Payment of dividends on our common stock is within the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our earnings, our capital requirements and financial condition, and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. However, the earliest our Board of Directors would likely consider a dividend is if we begin to generate excess cash flow. The SEC has sent us a letter regarding an informal inquiry requesting information and documents generally related to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. On May 19, 2016, the Company received an informal inquiry from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Division of Enforcement requesting the voluntary provision of documents and information generally related to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. The correspondence from the SEC provides that the fact that there has been an informal inquiry commenced should not be construed as an indication that there have been any violations of federal securities laws, nor considered a reflection upon any person, company or securities. We have been, and intend to continue, cooperating fully with the SEC inquiry. It is too early to determine the significance or likely outcome or impact of this matter at this time. 43 If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we might not be able to report our financial results accurately or prevent fraud; in that case, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could negatively impact the price of our stock. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. In addition, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, requires us to evaluate and report on our internal control over financial reporting. Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were ineffective as of March 31, 2016; refer to Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended March 31, 2016, for more information about management’s assessment of internal controls. We are in the process of strengthening and testing our internal controls. The process of implementing our internal controls and complying with Section 404 is expensive and time consuming and requires significant attention of management. We cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Even if we were to conclude in the future that our internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect fraud or misstatements. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we discover additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price. In addition, if we fail to comply with the applicable portions of Section 404, we could be subject to a variety of civil and administrative sanctions and penalties, including ineligibility for short form resale registration, action by the SEC, and the inability of registered broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, which could further reduce our stock price and harm our business. Refer to Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017, for more information about management’s assessment of internal controls. See also the risk factor above entitled “Risks Related to Our Common Stock and Capital Structure - The SEC has sent us a letter regarding an informal inquiry requesting information and documents generally related to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures.” Maintaining and improving our financial controls and the requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified members for our Board of Directors. As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Additionally, the time and effort required to maintain communications with shareholders and the public markets can be demanding on senior management, which can divert focus from operational and strategic efforts. The requirements of the public markets and the related regulatory requirements has resulted in an increase in our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, may make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly and may place undue strain on our personnel, systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. This can be difficult to do. For example, we depend on the reports of wireless carriers for information regarding the amount of sales of our products and services and to determine the amount of royalties we owe branded content licensors and the amount of our revenues. These reports may not be timely, and in the past they have contained, and in the future they may contain, errors. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we expend significant resources and provide significant management oversight. We have a substantial effort ahead of us to implement appropriate processes, document our system of internal control over relevant processes, assess their design, remediate any deficiencies identified and test their operation. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. These efforts will also involve substantial accounting-related costs. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act makes it more difficult and more expensive for us to maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, and we may be required in the future to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to maintain coverage. If we are unable to maintain adequate directors’ and officers’ insurance, our ability to recruit and retain qualified directors, and officers will be significantly curtailed. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. 44 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The principal offices of Digital Turbine, Inc. are located at 1300 Guadalupe Street, Suite 302, Austin, Texas 78701. Digital Turbine also leases property in Durham, North Carolina through its wholly-owned subsidiary, DT Media, and internationally in Australia, Israel, and Germany through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Digital Turbine Group Pty Ltd, DT EMEA Ltd, and Digital Turbine Germany GmbH. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The information required by this Item 3 is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth under the caption “Legal Matters” in Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE Not applicable. PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information As of May 30, 2017, the closing price of our common stock was $1.10. Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “APPS.” The following table sets forth the range of high and low closing sales prices reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market for our common stock for the following periods: Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2017 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter $ $ $ $ Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2016 $ $ $ $ First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter High Low 1.15 $ 1.47 $ 1.08 $ 0.96 $ 4.28 $ 2.96 $ 1.92 $ 1.39 $ 0.75 0.97 0.59 0.66 3.02 1.71 1.25 0.99 Holders As of May 30, 2017, there were 3,570 holders of record of our common stock. There were also an undetermined number of holders who hold their stock in nominee or “street” name. Dividends We have not declared cash dividends on our common stock since our inception and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Further, any such dividends would be substantially restricted by our secured and unsecured indebtedness. 45 Adoption of Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan of Digital Turbine, Inc. On May 26, 2011, our board of directors adopted the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan of Digital Turbine, Inc. and on April 27, 2012, our board of directors amended and restated the plan and the related plan documents and directed that they be submitted to our stockholders for their consideration and approval. On May 23, 2012, our stockholders approved and adopted by written consent the Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan of Digital Turbine, Inc. (the “2011 Plan”), the Digital Turbine, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan Notice of Grant and Restricted Stock Agreement and the Digital Turbine, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan Notice of Grant and Stock Option Agreement (collectively, the “Related Documents”). The 2011 Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock and restricted stock units (sometimes referred to individually or collectively as “Awards”) to our and our subsidiaries’ officers, employees, non-employee directors and consultants. Stock options may be either “incentive stock options” (“ISOs”), as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”). On September 10, 2012, the Company increased the 2011 Plan shares available for issuance from 4,000,000 to 20,000,000, of which 9,665,123 remain available for issuance as of March 31, 2017. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table sets forth information concerning our 2007 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan, our Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, our Appia, Inc. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan and individual compensation arrangements with employees or consultants of the Company as of March 31, 2017. Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (a) Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) 8,889,897 $ 719,678 $ 126,203 $ — 9,735,778 1.84 11.58 0.62 — 9,665,123 — — — 9,665,123 Plan Category Equity compensation plan approved by security holders Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan 2007 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan Appia, Inc. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan Equity compensation plan not approved by security holders Total Recent Sale of Unregistered Securities None. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchaser There were no purchases of equity securities by us during the year ended March 31, 2017. Performance Graph This performance graph shall not be deemed ‘‘soliciting material’’ or to be ‘‘filed’’ with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under Section 18, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of ours under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The graph set forth below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on an initial investment of $100 in our common stock between March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2017, with the comparative cumulative total return of such amount on (i) the NASDAQ Composite Index (IXIC), and (ii) the Russell 2000 Index (RUT) over the same period. We have not paid any cash dividends and, therefore, the cumulative total return calculation for us is based solely upon stock price appreciation (depreciation) and not upon reinvestment of cash dividends. The comparisons shown in the graph below are based upon historical data. We caution that the stock price performance shown in the graph below is not necessarily indicative of, nor is it intended to forecast, the potential future performance of our common stock. 46 COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation," and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of operations data for each of the three years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 are derived from and qualified by reference to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of operations data for the two years ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 are derived from our audited financial statements not included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our results in any future period. It is important to note that the table below excludes the operations of Twistbox in all periods presented as the Company disposed of the Twistbox subsidiary on February 13, 2014, and as such, it is no longer reflected as part of our continuing operations in this Report. Other notable business transactions made by the Company over the periods presented in the table below include the acquisition, which closed on April 12, 2013, where through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary organized under the laws of Australia, Digital Turbine Group Pty Ltd (“DT APAC”), the Company acquired Mirror Image International Holdings Pty Ltd (“MIAH”), and the acquisition, which closed on March 6, 2015, where the Company completed the acquisition of Appia, Inc. Appia was acquired into the Company’s wholly- owned subsidiary DTM Merger Sub, Inc., which was renamed to Digital Turbine Media, Inc. and referred to in this Form 10-K and the consolidated financial statements as DT Media. For further information see Part I, Item 1, "Business" under the heading "History of Digital Turbine, Inc." of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 47 Results of Operations Net revenues Loss from operations Net loss from operations, net of taxes Basic and diluted net loss per common share from continuing operations Weighted-average common shares outstanding from continuing operations, basic and diluted Balance Sheet Data Cash Working capital Total assets Long-term obligations Total stockholders' equity Year ended March 31, 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands, except per share amounts) $ 91,553 $ (22,020) (24,264) 86,541 $ (25,936) (28,032) 28,252 $ (23,737) (24,647) 24,404 $ (15,524) (17,202) 3,855 (11,029) (12,658) $ (0.36) $ (0.46) $ (0.63) $ (0.63) $ (0.72) 66,511 61,763 38,967 27,478 17,631 $ $ $ 6,149 $ (7,109) 107,580 $ 14,761 62,045 $ 11,231 $ (9,308) 121,940 $ 815 82,271 $ 7,069 $ (3,678) 122,571 $ 7,090 91,529 $ 21,805 $ 15,575 45,095 $ 238 32,951 $ 1,149 (5,663) 12,485 2,093 737 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ITEM 7. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in this Report. This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties, and is subject to, and claims the protection of, the disclaimer regarding forward-looking contained immediately before Item 1, which disclaimer is incorporated herein by reference. When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “would,” “could,” “may,” and similar expressions, as they relate to our management or us, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors including those set forth under “Risk Factors” set forth under Item IA and elsewhere in this filing. Historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of the trends in operating results for any future period. All numbers are in thousands, except share and per share amounts. 48 Company Overview Digital Turbine, through its subsidiaries, innovates at the convergence of media and mobile communications, delivering end- to-end products and solutions for mobile operators, application advertisers, device original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), and other third parties to enable them to effectively monetize mobile content and generate higher value user acquisition. The Company operates its business in two reportable segments – Advertising and Content. The Company's Advertising business is comprised of two businesses: • Operator and OEM ("O&O"), an advertiser solution for unique and exclusive carrier and OEM inventory which is comprised of services including: ◦ ◦ Ignite™ ("Ignite"), a mobile device management platform with targeted application distribution capabilities, and Other professional services directly related to the Ignite platform. • Advertiser and Publisher ("A&P"), a worldwide mobile user acquisition network which is comprised of the Syndicated network service. The Company's Content business is comprised of services including: • Marketplace™ ("Marketplace"), an application and content store, • and Pay™ ("Pay"), a content management and mobile payment solution. Advertising O&O Business The Company's O&O business is an advertiser solution for unique and exclusive carrier and OEM inventory which is comprised of the service Ignite. Ignite is a mobile application management software that enables mobile operators and original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") to control, manage, and monetize applications installed at the time of activation and over the life of a mobile device. Ignite allows mobile operators to personalize the application activation experience for customers and monetize their home screens via Cost-Per- Install or CPI arrangements, Cost-Per-Placement or CPP arrangements, and/or Cost-Per-Action or CPA arrangements with third party advertisers. There are several different delivery methods available to operators and OEMs on first boot of the device: Wizard, Silent, Software Development Kit ("SDK"), or Direct through Discover. Optional notification features are available throughout the life-cycle of the device, providing operators additional opportunity for advertising revenue streams. The Company has launched Ignite with mobile operators and OEMs in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, India and Israel. A&P Business The Company's A&P business, formerly Appia Core, is a leading worldwide mobile user acquisition network. Its mobile user acquisition platform is a demand side platform, or DSP. This platform allows mobile advertisers to engage with the right customers for their applications at the right time to gain them as customers. The A&P business, through its syndicated network service, accesses mobile ad inventory through publishers including direct developer relationships, mobile websites, mobile carriers and mediated relationships. The advertising revenue generated by A&P platform is shared with publishers according to contractual rates in the case of direct or mediated relationships. Since inception, Ignite has delivered over 500 million mobile application preloads. Content Pay is an Application Programming Interface ("API") that integrates billing infrastructure between mobile operators and content publishers to facilitate mobile commerce. Increasingly, mobile content publishers want to go directly to consumers to sell their content rather than sell through traditional distributors such as Google Play or the Apple Application Store, which are not as prominent in select countries. Pay allows publishers and carriers to monetize those applications by allowing the content to be billed directly to the consumer via carrier billing. Pay has been launched in Australia, Philippines, India, and Singapore. 49 Marketplace is a white-label solution for mobile operators and OEMs to offer their own branded content store. Marketplace can be sold as an application storefront that manages the retailing of mobile content including features such as merchandising, product placements, reporting, pricing, promotions, and distribution of digital goods. Marketplace also includes the distribution and licensing of content across multiple content categories including music, applications, wallpapers, videos, and games. Marketplace is deployed with many operators across multiple countries including Australia, Philippines, Singapore, and Indonesia. All discussions in this Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations relate to continuing operations. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Below are our revenues, cost of revenues, and expenses for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015. This information should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto. All financial results of operations during the year ended March 31, 2015 do not include Appia, Inc. financial results, other than the 26 days in March 2015 after the Company acquired Appia, Inc., as the acquisition did not close until March 6, 2015. Net revenues $ License fees and revenue share Other direct cost of revenues Gross profit Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest expense, net Foreign exchange transaction gain / (loss) Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Change in fair value of warrant liability Loss on extinguishment of debt Gain / (loss) on disposal of fixed assets Other income / (expense) Loss from operations before income taxes Income tax provision Net loss from operations, net of taxes Basic and diluted net loss per common share Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted $ $ Years Ended March 31, Years Ended March 31, 2017 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts) 91,553 $ 70,252 7,938 13,363 35,383 (22,020) (2,628) 86,541 66,185 10,537 9,819 35,755 (25,936) (1,816) % of Change 2016 2015 (in thousands, except per share amounts) 5.8 % $ 6.1 % (24.7)% 36.1 % (1.0)% (15.1)% 44.7 % 86,541 $ 66,185 10,537 9,819 35,755 (25,936) (1,816) 28,252 20,110 2,010 6,132 29,869 (23,737) (234) % of Change 206.3 % 229.1 % 424.2 % 60.1 % 19.7 % 9.3 % 676.1 % (29) 203.4 % (29) 32 (190.6)% (88) 475 147 (293) — (1) — 100.0 % — — (37) — 100.0 % (100.0)% (100.0)% (100.0)% — — — (37) — — — (9) 2 46 (24,408) (144) (24,264) $ (27,818) 214 (28,032) (12.3)% (167.3)% (13.4)% $ (27,818) 214 (28,032) $ (23,900) 747 (24,647) (0.36) $ (0.46) (21.7)% $ (0.46) $ (0.63) (27.0)% 66,511 61,763 7.7 % 61,763 38,967 58.5 % 50 — % — % (100.0)% (1,950.0)% (100.0)% 16.4 % (71.4)% 13.7 % Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 Revenues Revenues by type: Content Advertising Total Years ended March 31, Years ended March 31, 2017 2016 % of Change 2016 2015 % of Change (in thousands) (in thousands) $ $ 32,114 $ 59,439 91,553 $ 28,765 57,776 86,541 11.6% $ 2.9% 5.8% $ 28,765 $ 57,776 86,541 $ 22,009 6,243 28,252 30.7% 825.5% 206.3% Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016 During the year ended March 31, 2017, revenues increased $5,012 or 5.8%, compared to the prior year's period, primarily due to the Company experiencing growth in both the Content and Advertising segments. Advertising segment growth stemmed from significant growth in O&O revenue partially offset by a decline in A&P revenue. O&O revenue growth was driven by increased CPI and CPP revenue from Advertising partners across existing carrier distribution partners as well as expansion with multiple new carrier distribution partners. A&P revenue declined due to decrease in demand from advertising partners and a decline in publisher distribution partners, reflecting a trend we expect to continue with a smaller impact as the market shifts away from non-automated syndicated networks such as our current A&P business towards more programmatic advertising. Content segment growth was driven primarily from growth in Pay, partially offset by a decline in Marketplace revenue. Pay growth was driven by overall increased demand for the product, the service being launched with new customers in Australia, as well as new Content services provided in new markets in Southeast Asia. Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015 During the year ended March 31, 2016, revenues increased $58,289 or 206.3%, compared to the prior year's period primarily due to the Company experiencing growth in both the Content and Advertising segments, with the Advertising growth stemming from both organic growth in O&O revenue and inorganic growth with a full year of A&P revenue as opposed to only 26 days of A&P revenue in fiscal 2015. Organic growth in Advertising revenue was driven primarily by CPI and CPP revenue from new Advertising partners across two major US carrier distribution partners, and amounts earned from carrier partners related to software customization and integration. The increase in Content revenue was driven primarily from growth in Pay, with overall increased demand for the product, the service being launched with new customers in Australia, as well as new Content services provided in new markets in Southeast Asia. Gross Margins Gross margin by type: Content gross margin $ Content gross margin % Advertising gross margin $ Advertising gross margin % $ $ Years ended March 31, Years ended March 31, 2017 2016 % of Change 2016 2015 % of Change (in thousands) (in thousands) $ 3,229 10.1% 1,231 162.3% $ 1,231 $ 4.3% 4.3% 4,272 19.4% (71.2)% 10,134 $ 8,588 18.0% $ 8,588 $ 1,860 361.7 % 17.0% 14.9% 14.9% 29.8% Total gross margin $ Total gross margin % $ 13,363 $ 9,819 36.1% $ 9,819 $ 6,132 60.1 % 14.6% 11.3% 11.3% 21.7% 51 Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016 Total gross margin, inclusive of the impact of other direct cost of revenues (amortization of intangibles) was $13,363 or 14.6% for the year ended March 31, 2017 versus $9,819 or 11.3% for the year ended March 31, 2016. The year ended March 31, 2017 includes the impact of a $757 impairment charge taken for certain intangible assets related to the IP purchased in the XYO acquisition. The year ended March 31, 2016 includes the impact of an approximate $2,400 accelerated amortization expense related to customer relationship intangible assets associated with customer terminations related to our DT EMEA Content business. Excluding the effects of the $757 impairment charge and $2,400 accelerated amortization, total gross margin dollars would have been $14,120 or 15.4% and $12,219 or 14.1% during the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, leading to an adjusted year over year increase of $1,901 or 15.6% year over year. This adjusted increase is primarily attributable to an increase in Advertiser demand in the O&O business, offset by decreased demand from Advertising partners in the A&P business. Overall gross margin percentage increased as growth in higher gross margin O&O revenue was coupled with lower amortization of intangibles. Content gross margin, inclusive of the impact of other direct cost of revenues (amortization of intangibles), was $3,229 or 10.1% for the year ended March 31, 2017, versus $1,231 or 4.3% for the year ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the effects of the previously mentioned $2,400 amortization expense, Content gross margin dollars and percentage would have been $3,631 or 12.6% during the year ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in Content gross margin dollars resulted from a continued decline in Marketplace revenue. The decrease in Content gross margin percentage was due primarily to a mix shift from Marketplace to Pay, which carries a lower gross margin. For more details on the Company's services included in the Content segment, see PART II Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, section titled "Revenue by Service Category". Advertising gross margin, inclusive of the impact of other direct cost of revenues (amortization of intangibles), was approximately $10,134 or 17.0% for the year ended March 31, 2017, versus approximately $8,588 or 14.9% for the year ended March 31, 2016. Excluding the effects of the previously mentioned $757 impairment charge, Advertising gross margin dollars would have been $10,891 or 18.3% during the year ended March 31, 2017. The increase in advertising gross margin dollars was primarily attributable to growth in O&O revenue. Advertising gross margin percentage increased due to a mix shift from A&P to O&O, which carries a higher gross margin. For more details on the Company's services included in the Advertising segment, see PART II Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, section titled "Revenue by Service Category". Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015 Total gross margin, inclusive of the impact of other direct cost of revenues (amortization of intangibles) was $9,819 or 11.3% for the year ended March 31, 2016, versus approximately $6,132 or 21.7% for the year ended March 31, 2015. The year ended March 31, 2016 includes the impact of an approximate $2,400 accelerated amortization expense related to customer relationship intangible assets associated with customer terminations related to our DT EMEA Content business. Excluding the effects of the approximately $2,400 amortization, total gross margin dollars would have been $12,219 or 14.1% during the year ended March 31, 2016, leading to an adjusted increase of $6,087 or 99.3% from the year ended March 31, 2015. This adjusted increase is due primarily to gross margin dollars attributable to the inclusion of a full year of A&P operations during fiscal 2016 as opposed to only 26 days of A&P operations in fiscal 2015, offset by increased amortization expense associated with the Appia, Inc. acquisition. Overall gross margin percentage has declined with the mix shift within Content from Marketplace to Pay coupled with the acquired Appia, Inc. A&P business, which carries a significantly lower gross margin as compared to the O&O business within Advertising. 52 Operating Expenses Product development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total operating expenses $ $ Years ended March 31, Years ended March 31, 2017 2016 % of Change 2016 2015 % of Change (in thousands) 12,035 $ 6,537 16,811 35,383 $ 10,983 6,067 18,705 35,755 9.6 % $ 7.7 % (10.1)% (1.0)% $ (in thousands) 10,983 $ 6,067 18,705 35,755 $ 7,905 2,933 19,031 29,869 38.9 % 106.9 % (1.7)% 19.7 % Product development expenses include the development and maintenance of the Company's product suite, including A&P and O&O, as well as the costs to support Pay and Marketplace through the optimization of content for consumption on a mobile phone. Expenses in this area are primarily a function of personnel. Sales and marketing expenses represent the costs of sales and marketing personnel, advertising and marketing campaigns, and campaign management. General and administrative expenses represent management, finance, and support personnel costs in both the parent and subsidiary companies, which include professional and consulting costs, in addition to other costs such as rent, stock-based compensation, and depreciation expense. Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016 Total operating expenses for the year ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 were $35,383 and $35,755, respectively, representing a year over year decrease of approximately $372 or 1.0%. Product development expenses for the year ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 were $12,035 and $10,983, respectively, representing a year over year increase of approximately $1,052 or 9.6%. The increase in product development expenses over the comparative periods was primarily attributable to the Company's investment in the offices in Tel Aviv, Israel and Durham, North Carolina through additional headcount being added in those regions, as well as from increased hosting expenses driven by the growth in both O&O business and Pay services. Sales and marketing expenses for the year ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 were approximately $6,537 and $6,067, respectively, representing a year over year increase of approximately $470 or 7.7%. The increase in sales and marketing expenses over the comparative periods is primarily attributable to increased commissions associated with the sales team generating more revenue through new and existing advertising relationships. General and administrative expenses for the year ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 were approximately $16,811 and $18,705, respectively, a decrease of approximately $1,894 or 10.1%. The decrease in general and administrative is primarily attributable to lower accounting and professional consulting expenses, and reduced stock option expense over the comparative periods due to stock option grants issued over the comparative periods being issued at lower fair values, which has the impact of lower expense being recorded, and due to stock option forfeitures/cancellations over the comparative periods for older higher value options for which expense is no longer being recorded and which has the impact of further reducing stock option expense. Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015 Total operating expenses for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 were $35,755 and $29,869, respectively, an increase of $5,886 or 19.7%. The increase in operating expenses year-over-year was primarily attributable to the inclusion of a full year of A&P operations during fiscal 2016 as opposed to only 26 days of A&P operations in fiscal 2015. The additional A&P operating expenses are related to product and marketing headcount directly related to the Advertising business. 53 Product development expenses for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 were $10,983 and $7,905, respectively, an increase of $3,078 or 38.9%. The increase in product development expenses year-over-year was primarily attributable to the Company's investment in offices in Israel, Germany and Singapore contributed to the increase in product development expenses through additional headcount being added in those regions. Sales and marketing expenses for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 were $6,067 and $2,933, respectively, an increase of $3,134 or 106.9%. The increase in sales and marketing expenses year-over-year was primarily attributable to the inclusion of a full year of A&P operations during fiscal 2016 as opposed to only 26 days of A&P operations in fiscal 2015, due in part by increased commissions associated with the sales team generating more revenue through new and existing advertising relationships. General and administrative expenses for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 were $18,705 and $19,031, respectively, a decrease of $326 or 1.7%. The decrease in general and administrative expenses year-over-year includes a decrease in total stock compensation expense of $377 to $5,963 from $6,340, for the years ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Other Income and Expenses Interest expense, net Foreign exchange transaction gain / (loss) Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Change in fair value of warrant liability Loss on extinguishment of debt Gain / (loss) on disposal of fixed assets Other income / (expense) Total interest and other income / (expense), net Years ended March 31, Years ended March 31, 2017 2016 % of Change 2016 2015 % of Change (in thousands) (in thousands) $ (2,628) $ (1,816) 44.7 % $ (1,816) $ (234) 676.1 % (88) (29) 203.4 % 475 147 (293) — (1) — — — (37) — 100.0 % 100.0 % (100.0)% (100.0)% (100.0)% (29) — — — (37) — 32 (190.6)% — — (9) 2 46 — % — % (100.0)% (1,950.0)% (100.0)% $ (2,388) $ (1,882) 26.9 % $ (1,882) $ (163) 1,054.6 % Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016 Total interest and other expense, net, for the year ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 were $2,388 and $1,882, respectively, an increase in net expenses of $506 or 26.9%. This change in total interest and other income / (expense), net, was primarily attributable to interest expense, net, the change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability, and the change in fair value of warrant liability. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to changes in the structure of our debt including the issuance of the Notes and the extinguishment of secured indebtedness held in prior year, see Interest Expense, Net below. The change in fair value of embedded derivative and warrant liabilities is due to the change in the Company's stock price from $0.99 upon initial measurement to $0.94 at year end. Interest and other income / (expense), net, includes net interest expense, foreign exchange transaction loss, change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability, change in fair value of warrant liability, loss on extinguishment of debt, loss on disposal of fixed assets, and other ancillary income / (expense) earned or incurred by the Company. Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015 Total interest and other expense, net, for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 were $1,882 and $163, respectively, an increase in net expenses of $1,719 or 1,054.6%. This increase in total interest and other expense, net, was primarily attributable to a full year of interest expense incurred during fiscal 2016 related to the new debt brought on in connection with the acquisition of Appia, Inc. during March 2015, compared to the inclusion of only 26 days of interest expense during fiscal 2015. Interest and other expense, net, includes net interest expense, foreign exchange transaction gain/(loss), loss on settlement of debt, gain/(loss) on disposal of fixed assets, and other ancillary costs incurred by the Company. 54 Interest Expense, Net Interest expense is generated from the the $16,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.75% Convertible Notes due 2020 (the “Notes”), issued on September 28, 2016, and from our debt under the Term Loan Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) and the Secured Debenture with North Atlantic Capital (“NAC”), which the Company entered into both during March 2015 and retired both such debts in their entirety on September 28, 2016 in connection with the issuance of the Notes (see further details at Note 11 "Debt"). Interest income consists of interest income earned on our cash. This increase in total interest and other expense, net, was primarily attributable to net interest expense which includes 1) additional fees incurred related to the amendments entered into by the Company with SVB and NAC (which were recorded as debt issuance costs and expensed as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt), 2) the scheduled increase in the NAC Subordinated Debenture interest rate from 10% to 14% during the year ended March 31, 2017 incurred up through the date of the retirement date of such debt on September 28, 2016, 3) interest expense incurred on the on the Notes issued on September 28, 2016 at a stated interest rate of 8.75%, and 4) amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs incurred related to the Notes which are expensed as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt. Inclusive of the Notes issued on September 28, 2016 and the NAC subordinated debenture which was retired in full on September 28, 2016, the Company recorded $2,628, $1,816, and $234 of aggregate interest expense, net of debt discount and debt issuance cost amortization during the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Subsequent to the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company entered into a secured business finance agreement with Western Alliance Bank providing for up to $5,000 in credit, subject to conditions. See discussion in Liquidity and Capital Resources below. Loss From Change in Fair Value of Convertible Note Embedded Derivative Liability The Company accounts for the convertible note embedded derivative liability issued in accordance with US GAAP accounting guidance under ASC 815 applicable to derivative instruments, which requires every derivative instrument within its scope to be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Due to the valuation of the derivative liability being highly sensitive to the trading price of the Company's stock, the increase and decrease in the trading price of the Company's stock has the impact of increasing the (loss) and gain, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded a gain from change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability of $475 due to the decrease in the Company's closing stock price during the period from September 28, 2016 to March 31, 2017 from $0.99 to $0.94. No gain or loss from change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability was recorded during the years ended March 31, 2016, or 2015 due to the transaction giving rise to these liabilities closed on September 28, 2016. Loss From Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability The Company accounts for the warrants issued in connection with the above-noted sale of Notes in accordance with US GAAP accounting guidance under ASC 815 applicable to derivative instruments, which requires every derivative instrument within its scope to be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Based on this guidance, the Company determined that these warrants did not meet the criteria for classification as equity. Accordingly, the Company classified the warrants as long-term liabilities. The warrants are subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date, with any change in fair value recognized as a component of other income (expense), net in the statements of operations. Due to the valuation of the derivative liability being highly sensitive to the trading price of the Company's stock, the increase and decrease in the trading price of the Company's stock has the impact of increasing the (loss) and gain, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded a gain from change in fair value of warrant liability of $147 due to the decrease in the Company's closing stock price during the period from September 28, 2016 to March 31, 2017 from $0.99 to $0.94. No gain or loss from change in fair value of warrant liability was recorded during the years ended March 31, 2016, or 2015 due to the transaction giving rise to these liabilities closed on September 28, 2016. 55 Loss on Extinguishment of Debt As part of the payoff of the NAC and SVB debt on September 28, 2016, the Company fully expensed the remainder of the debt discount associated with the NAC debt and debt issuance costs associated with both the SVB and NAC debt to loss on extinguishment of debt of $293. Revenue by Service Categories The following table summarizes our net revenues by service categories for each of the past three fiscal years. The amount or percentage of total revenue contributed by class of services has been presented for those classes accounting for 10% or more of total net revenue in any of the three latest years, with all other amounts individually representing less than 10% of total net revenue included in the Other category. Year Ended March 31, Year Ended March 31, Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2015 Dollars (in thousands) $ 30,540 39,235 % of Net Revenues % Change Dollars (in thousands) % of Net Revenues % Change Dollars (in thousands) % of Net Revenues 33.4% 42.9% 34.4 % $ 81.8 % 22,727 21,577 26.3% 24.9% 78.6 % $ 647.6 % 12,724 2,886 45.0% 10.2% 18,990 1,575 1,213 91,553 20.7% 1.7% 1.3% 100.0% (46.6)% (73.9)% 100.2 % 5.8 % $ 35,593 6,038 606 86,541 41.1% 7.0% 0.7% 100.0% 1,067.4 % (35.0)% 97.4 % 206.3 % $ 3,049 9,286 307 28,252 10.8% 32.9% 1.1% 100.0% Net revenues Pay Ignite Syndicated Network Marketplace Other Total net revenues $ Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016 Advertising The Company's O&O business is an advertiser solution for unique and exclusive carrier and OEM inventory. During the year ended March 31, 2017, the main revenue driver for the O&O business was the Ignite service. Ignite is a mobile application management software that enables mobile operators and OEMs to control, manage, and monetize applications installed at the time of activation and over the life of a mobile device. During the years ended March 31, 2017, and 2016 there was a $17,658 or 81.8% increase in year over year Ignite net revenues. This increase in Ignite net revenue was attributable to increased demand for the Ignite service, driven primarily by increased CPI and CPP revenue from advertising partners across existing commercial deployments of Ignite with carrier partners as well as expanded distribution with new carrier partners. The Company's A&P business, formerly Appia Core, is a worldwide mobile user acquisition network. Its mobile user acquisition platform is a demand side platform, or DSP. This platform allows mobile advertisers to engage with the right customers for their applications at the right time to gain them as customers. The A&P business, through its syndicated network service ("Syndicated Network"), accesses mobile ad inventory through publishers including direct developer relationships, mobile websites, mobile carriers and mediated relationships. The advertising revenue generated by A&P platform is shared with publishers according to contractual rates in the case of direct or mediated relationships. During the year ended March 31, 2017, the decrease in revenue for the A&P business was solely attributable to the Syndicated Network. During the year ended March 31, 2017 there was a $16,603 or 46.6% decrease in Syndicated Network net revenues, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2016. This decrease in Syndicated Network revenue was attributable primarily to the decrease in demand from advertising partners, reflecting a trend we expect to continue as the market shifts away from non- automated Syndicated Networks such as our current A&P business towards more programmatic advertising. 56 Content Pay is an API that integrates billing infrastructure between mobile operators and content publishers to facilitate mobile commerce. Increasingly, mobile content publishers want to go directly to consumers to sell their content rather than sell through traditional distributors such as Google Play or the Apple Application Store, which are not as prominent in select countries as they are in the United States. Pay allows publishers and carriers to monetize those applications by allowing the content to be billed directly to the consumer via carrier billing. Pay has been launched in Australia, Philippines, India, and Singapore. During the year ended March 31, 2017, there was an increase in Pay net revenues of $7,813 or 34.4% as compared to the prior year. The Company has experienced growth driven primarily by overall increased demand for the product with customers in Australia, the increase of Pay revenue in India, Singapore, and the Philippines, and from an increase in marketing spend by Content providers. Marketplace is a white-label solution for mobile operators and OEMs to offer their own branded content store. Marketplace can be sold as an application storefront that manages the retailing of mobile content including features such as merchandising, product placements, reporting, pricing, promotions, and distribution of digital goods. Marketplace also includes the distribution and licensing of content across multiple content categories including music, applications, wallpapers, videos, and games. Marketplace is deployed with many operators across multiple countries including Australia, Philippines, Singapore, and Indonesia. During the year ended March 31, 2017, there was Marketplace revenues of $1,575 as compared to $6,038 during the year ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $4,463 or 73.9%. During fiscal 2017, the Company experienced a decrease in Marketplace driven primarily by the overall shift in the Content business with overall consumer demand shifting away from acquiring content at carrier specific branded content stores and instead acquiring content from other more popular content stores such as Google Play or the Apple Application Store and other distribution channels such as Facebook. Fiscal 2016 Compared to Fiscal 2015 Advertising During the year ended March 31, 2016, the main revenue driver for the O&O business was the Ignite service. During the year ended March 31, 2016, there was an increase in year over year Ignite net revenues of $18,691 or 647.6%. This increase in Ignite net revenue was attributable to increased demand for the Ignite service, driven primarily by increased CPI and CPP revenue from advertising partners across existing commercial deployments of Ignite with carrier partners as well as expanded distribution with new carrier partners. During the year ended March 31, 2016 there was an approximately $32,544 or 1,067.4% increase in Syndicated Network net revenues, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2015. During fiscal 2016, as compared to fiscal 2015, the Company experienced growth stemming primarily from inorganic growth with a full year of A&P revenue during fiscal 2016 compared to only 26 days of A&P revenue in fiscal 2015. Content During the year ended March 31, 2016 there was an approximately $10,003 or 78.6% increase in Pay net revenues, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2015. During fiscal 2016, as compared to fiscal 2015, the Company experienced growth driven primarily by overall increased demand for the service and the service being launched with new customers in Australia. During the year ended March 31, 2016 there was an approximately $3,248 or 35.0% decrease in Marketplace net revenues, as compared to prior year. During fiscal 2016, the Company experienced a decrease in Marketplace driven primarily by the contract in Israel which was terminated during the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015, and due to the overall shift in the Content business with overall consumer demand shifting away from acquiring content at carrier specific branded content stores and instead acquiring content from other more popular content stores such as Google Play or the Apple Application Store and other distribution channels such as Facebook. Additionally, the decline in Marketplace net revenues was further increased due to continued decline in the foreign exchange rate of the Australian dollar to the United States dollar. The overall decrease in Marketplace net revenues was offset by a moderate increase in net revenues due to new Content services provided in new markets in Southeast Asia. 57 Liquidity and Capital Resources Selected Financial Information Cash Restricted cash Short-term debt Term loan, principal Revolving line of credit, principal Secured debenture, net of issuance costs and discounts of $0 and $568, respectively Total short-term debt Long-term debt Convertible notes, net of issuance costs and discounts of $6,315 and $0, respectively Total long-term debt Working capital Current assets Current liabilities Working capital Working Capital Years ended March 31, 2017 2016 $ (in thousands) 6,149 $ 331 11,231 — — — — — — 3,000 7,432 10,432 9,685 9,685 — — 23,665 30,774 (7,109) $ 29,546 38,854 (9,308) $ Cash and restricted cash totaled approximately $6,480 and approximately $11,231 at March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively, a decrease of approximately $4,751 or 42.3%. Current assets totaled approximately $23,665 and approximately $29,546 at March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively, a decrease of approximately $5,881 or 19.9%. As of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, the Company had approximately $16,554 and $17,519, respectively, in accounts receivable, a decrease of $965 or 5.5%. As of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 the Company's working capital deficit was $7,109 and $9,308, respectively, a decrease of $2,199 or 23.6%. The decrease in working capital deficit was primarily attributable to the extinguishment of the subordinated debenture with NAC that matured on March 6, 2017 and the revolving credit facility with SVB previously included in short-term debt at March 31, 2016 in the amounts of $7,432 and $3,000, respectively, an increase in accounts payable and other current accrued liabilities of $2,352, a decrease in accounts receivable of $965, offset by the decrease in cash of $5,082. The working capital deficit decrease is due to working capital and liquidity management, with a focus on accounts receivable collections and utilizing the full and extended payment terms on our accounts payable. Our primary sources of liquidity have historically been issuances of common and preferred stock and debt. As of March 31, 2017, we had cash totaling approximately $6,149. On September 28, 2016, the Company sold to an investment bank as initial purchaser, $16,000 principal amount of Notes for net cash proceeds of $14,316, after deducting the initial purchaser's discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes were used to repay $11,000 of secured indebtedness, consisting of approximately $3,000 to SVB and $8,000 to NAC, retiring both such debts in their entirety, and will otherwise be used for general corporate purposes and working capital (refer to Note 11 "Debt" for more details). 58 On May 23, 2017, the Company entered into a Business Finance Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Western Alliance Bank (the "Bank"). The Credit Agreement provides for a $5,000 total facility. The amounts advanced under the Credit Agreement mature in two years and accrue interest at prime plus 1.25% subject to a 4.00% floor, with the prime rate defined as the prime rate published in the Wall Street Journal. The Credit Facility also carries an annual facility fee of $45.5, and an early termination fee of 0.5% if terminated during the first year. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a perfected first position security interest in all assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to partial pledges of stock of non-US subsidiaries. In addition to customary covenants, including restrictions on payments and restrictions on indebtedness, the Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with certain financial covenants as described below in the "Recent Developments" subsection of this section. With the proceeds resulting from the issuance of the Notes and the entrance into the Credit Agreement, the Company believes that it has sufficient cash and capital resources to operate its business for at least twelve months from the issuance date of this annual report on Form 10-K. Cash Flow Summary Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data: Net cash used in operating activities Capital expenditures Cash used in acquisition of assets Proceeds from sale of cost method investment in Sift Net cash proceeds from cost method investment in Sift Settlement of contingent liability Warrants exercised Cash acquired with acquisition of subsidiary Cash received from issuance of convertible notes Options exercised Stock issued for cash in stock offering, net Payment of debt issuance costs Repayment of debt obligations Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Operating Activities Year ended March 31, Year ended March 31, 2017 2016 % of Change 2016 2015 % of Change (in thousands) (in thousands) (6,995) (1,595) — (7,069) (1,549) — (1.0)% 3.0 % — % (7,069) (1,549) — (14,500) (67) (2,125) (51.2)% 2,211.9 % (100.0)% 999 — 100.0 % — — — % — — — — 16,000 11 — (2,383) (11,000) (119) 875 — — — — 51 12,627 — (600) (173) (100.0)% — % — % — % 100.0 % (78.4)% (100.0)% 100.0 % 1,733.3 % (31.2)% 875 — — — — 51 12,627 — (600) (173) — (49) 375 1,363 — 136 — — — 131 100.0 % (100.0)% (100.0)% (100.0)% — % (62.5)% 100.0 % — % 100.0 % (232.1)% During the year ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, the Company's net cash used in operating activities was $6,995 and $7,069, respectively, a decrease of $74 or 1.0%. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities is primarily attributable to the decrease in net loss over the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, amounting to $24,264 and $28,032, respectively, a decrease of $3,768 or 13.4%, offset by other non-cash expenses, most notably depreciation and amortization, which during fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $8,170 and $10,974, respectively, an decrease of $2,804 or 25.6%. 59 During the year ended March 31, 2017, net cash used in operating activities was $6,995, resulting from a net loss of $24,264 offset by net non-cash expenses of $14,169, which included depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, amortization of debt discounts and issuance costs, change in the allowance for doubtful accounts, change in accrued interest, change in the fair value of warrant and embedded derivative liabilities, loss on the extinguishment of debt, and the impairment of intangible assets of approximately $8,170, $4,146, $1,256, $133, $36, $(622), $293,and $757 respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $2,804 during fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016, due primarily to accelerated amortization expense of approximately $2,400 related to customer relationship intangible assets associated with customer terminations related to our DT EMEA Content business taken in the year ended March 31, 2016. Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2017 was positively impacted by the change in net working capital accounts as of March 31, 2017 compared to March 31, 2016, with a net increase over the comparative periods in liabilities of $2,316, and a decrease in assets of approximately $815. During the year ended March 31, 2016, net cash used in operating activities was $7,069, resulting from a net loss of $28,032 offset by net non-cash expenses of $17,467, which included depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, stock-based compensation related to vesting of restricted stock for services, amortization of debt discount, a change in the allowance for doubtful accounts, and a change accrued interest of approximately $10,974, $5,095, $867, $470, $(234), and $12, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2016 was positively impacted by the change in net working capital accounts as of March 31, 2016 compared to March 31, 2015, with an increase over the comparative periods in accounts payable and accrued license fees and revenue share of approximately $7,308 and $2,789, offset by an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $5,111. Accounts receivable increased primarily due to the inclusion of the acquired Appia, Inc. business for all of fiscal 2016 compared to only 26 days of operations in fiscal 2015, the increase in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities was driven by working capital and liquidity management, and utilizing the full and extended payment terms on our accounts payable. During the year ended March 31, 2015, net cash used in operating activities was $14,500, resulting from a net loss of $24,647, offset by net non-cash expenses of $9,257, which included depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, stock-based compensation related to vesting of restricted stock for services, amortization of debt discount, a change in the allowance for doubtful accounts, and a change accrued interest of approximately $2,108, $5,850, $490, $34, $698, $77, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2015 was negatively impacted by the change in net working capital accounts as of March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014, with an increase in accounts receivable, deposits, and prepaid expenses and other current assets of approximately $406, $63, $142, a decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities and other items of $379 and $4,589, offset by an increase in accrued license fees and revenue share of approximately $2,988. Net cash used in operating activities is further comprised of a decrease in deferred tax assets of $3,156 and an increase in accrued compensation of $325. 60 Investing Activities During the year ended March 31, 2017, cash used in investing activities was approximately $596, which includes capital expenditures of $1,595 comprised mostly of internally-developed software, offset by net cash received from the sale of our cost level investment in Sift, a venture-backed start-up founded by a former director, of $999. During the year ended March 31, 2016, cash used in investing activities was approximately $674, which includes capital expenditures of $1,549 comprised mostly of internally-developed software, offset by net cash received from the investment in Sift of $875. During the year ended March 31, 2015, cash used in investing activities was approximately $878, which includes cash used in the acquisition of the XYO assets of $2,125, capital expenditures net of disposals of $67, cash paid for settlement of contingent liability of $49, offset by cash acquired with the acquisition of Appia, Inc. of $1,363. Financing Activities During the year ended March 31, 2017, cash provided by financing activities was approximately $2,628, which is primarily attributable to cash received from the issuance of Notes of $16,000, offset by the repayment of debt of approximately $11,000 and the payment of debt issuance costs of $2,383. Furthermore, proceeds received from the exercise of stock options of approximately $11, offset by loss on exchange rate changes on cash of approximately $119, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2016, cash used in financing activities was approximately $12,078, which is primarily attributable to stock issued for cash (net) in stock offering of $12,627 and proceeds received from the exercise of stock options of approximately $51, offset by repayment of principal on the credit facility and loss on exchange rate changes on cash of approximately $600 and $173, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2015, cash provided in financing activities was approximately $511, which is primarily attributable to stock issued for options exercised and warrants exercised of $136 and $375, respectively. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partners, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not have any undisclosed borrowings or debt, and we have not entered into any synthetic leases. We believe, therefore, that we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships. 61 Contractual Cash Obligations The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations at March 31, 2017: Contractual cash obligations Convertible notes (a) Operating leases (b) Employment agreements and other obligations (c) Interest Uncertain tax positions (d) Total contractual cash obligations Payments Due by Period Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than 5 Years — 943 800 1,400 — 3,143 — 1,763 150 2,800 — 4,713 16,000 1,640 — 700 — 18,340 — 1,347 — — — 1,347 Total 16,000 5,693 950 4,900 — 27,543 (a) Convertible notes maturing on September 23, 2020 (the “Notes”), unless converted, repurchased or redeemed within their terms prior to such date (b) Consists of operating leases for our office facilities (c) Consists of various employment agreements and severance agreements (d) We have approximately $1,025 in additional liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions that are not expected to be liquidated within the next twelve months. We are unable to reliably estimate the expected payment dates for these additional non-current liabilities. Critical Accounting Policies The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to contingencies, litigation and goodwill and intangibles acquired relating to our acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. Basis of Presentation The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for annual financial statements. The financial statements, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for each period presented. Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 62 Revenue Recognition Advertising Advertising revenues are generated via direct Cost-Per-Install (CPI), Cost-Per-Preload (CPP), or Cost-Per-Action (CPA) arrangements with application developers, or indirect CPI, CPP or CPA arrangements through advertising aggregators (ad networks). Transactions are processed by the Company’s mobile application management software, Ignite. The Company recognizes as revenue the amount billed to the application developer or advertising aggregator. Revenue share payments to the carrier are recorded as a cost of revenues. The Company has evaluated its agreements with the developers and aggregators and the carriers in accordance with the guidance at FASB ASC 605-45 Revenue Recognition – Principal Agent Considerations and has concluded that it is the principal under these agreements. Key indicators that it evaluated to reach this determination include: • • • • • The Company has the contractual relationship with the application developers or advertising aggregators (collectively, the advertisers), and we have the performance obligation to these parties; Through our Ignite and Discover software, we provide application installation and management as well as detailed reporting to advertisers and carriers. We are responsible for billing the advertisers, and for reporting revenues and revenue share to the carriers; As part of the application management process, we use our data, and post-install event data provided back to us by the advertisers, to match applications to end users. We currently target end users based on carrier, geography, demographics (including by handset type), among other attributes, by leveraging carrier data. We have discretion as to which applications are delivered to each end user; Pricing is established in our agreements with advertisers. We negotiate pricing with the advertisers, based on prevailing rates typical in the industry; and The Company is responsible for billing and collecting the gross amount from the advertiser. Our carrier agreements do not include any specific provisions that allow us to mitigate our credit risk by reducing the revenue share payable to the carrier. In certain instances the carrier may enter directly into a CPI, CPP or CPA arrangement with a developer, where the installation will be made using the Company’s Ignite and Discover software services. In these instances, the Company receives a share of the carrier’s revenue, which is recognized on a net basis. In addition to revenues from application developers and advertising aggregators, the Company may receive fees from the carriers relating to the initial set-up of the arrangements with the carriers. Set-up activities typically include customization, testing and implementation of the Ignite software for specific handsets. When the Company determines that the set-up fees do not have standalone value, such fees are deferred and recognized over the estimated period the carrier benefits from the set-up fee, which is generally the estimated life of the related handsets. The Company has determined that certain set-up activities are within the scope of FASB ASC 985-605 Software Revenue Recognition and, accordingly, the Company applies the provisions of ASC 985-605 to the software components. As a result, the Company typically defers recognition of the set-up fee until all elements of the arrangement have been delivered. In those instances where the set-up fee covers ongoing support and maintenance, the fee is deferred and amortized over the term of the carrier agreement. 63 Content and Billing The Company’s Content and Billing revenues are derived primarily from transactions with the carriers’ customers (end users). The carriers bill the end users upon the sale of content, including music, images or games, and the Company shares the end user revenues with the carrier. The end user transactions are processed by the Company’s software services: white labeled mobile storefront and content management solutions through Marketplace, and mobile payments with direct operator billing through Pay. The Company utilizes its reporting system to capture and recognize revenue due from carriers, based on monthly transactional reporting and other fees earned upon delivery of content to the end user. Determination of the appropriate amount of revenue recognized is based on the Company’s reporting system, but it is possible that actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates once the reports are reconciled with the carrier. When the Company receives the final carrier reports, to the extent not received within a reasonable time frame following the end of each month, the Company records any differences between estimated revenues and actual revenues in the reporting period when the Company determines the actual amounts. The Company has not experienced material adjustments to its estimates when the final amounts were reported by carriers. If the Company deems a carrier not to be credit worthy, the Company defers all revenues from the arrangement until the Company receives payment and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company recognizes as revenues the amount billed to the carrier upon the sale of content, which is net of sales taxes, the carrier’s fees and other deductions. The Company has evaluated its agreements with carriers in accordance with the guidance at FASB ASC 605-45 Revenue Recognition – Principal Agent Considerations and has concluded that it is not the principal under these agreements. • • • • • • Key indicators that it evaluated to reach this determination include: End users directly contract with the carriers, which have most of the service interaction and are generally viewed as the primary obligor by the subscribers; Carriers generally have significant control over the types of content that they offer to their subscribers; the Company has the content provider relationships and has discretion, within the parameters set by the carriers, regarding the actual offerings; Carriers are directly responsible for billing and collecting fees from their subscribers, including the resolution of billing disputes; Carriers generally pay the Company a fixed percentage of their revenues or a fixed fee for each content sale; Carriers generally must approve the price of the Company’s content in advance of their sale to subscribers, and the Company’s more significant carriers generally have the ability to set the ultimate price charged to their subscribers; and The Company has limited risks, including no inventory risk and limited credit risk. The Company has also evaluated its agreements with content providers, and has concluded that it is the principal under these agreements. Accordingly, payments to content providers are reported as cost of revenues. Content Provider Licenses and Carrier Revenue Share Carrier Revenue Share Revenues generated from advertising via direct CPI, CPP or CPA arrangements with application developers, or indirect arrangements through advertising aggregators (ad networks) are shared with the carrier and the shared revenue is recorded as a cost of goods sold. In each case the revenue share with the carrier varies depending on the agreement with the carrier, and, in some cases, is based upon revenue tiers. Content Provider License Fees The Company’s royalty expenses consist of fees that it pays to branded content owners for the use of their intellectual property in the development of the Company’s music, games and other content, and other expenses directly incurred in earning revenue. Royalty-based obligations are either, accrued as incurred and subsequently paid, or in the case of content acquisitions, paid in advance and capitalized on our balance sheet as prepaid license fees. These royalty-based obligations are expensed to cost of revenues either at the applicable contractual rate related to that revenue or over the estimated life of the content acquired. Minimum guarantee license payments that are not recoupable against future royalties are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the estimated life of the branded title or the term of the license agreement. 64 Software Development Costs The Company applies the principles of FASB ASC 985-20, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed (“ASC 985-20”). ASC 985-20 requires that software development costs incurred in conjunction with product development be charged to research and development expense until technological feasibility is established. Thereafter, until the product is released for sale, software development costs must be capitalized and reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of the related product. The Company has adopted the “tested working model” approach to establishing technological feasibility for its products and games. Under this approach, the Company does not consider a product in development to have passed the technological feasibility milestone until the Company has completed a model of the product that contains essentially all the functionality and features of the final product and has tested the model to ensure that it works as expected. Through fiscal year 2016, the Company had not incurred significant costs between the establishment of technological feasibility and the release of a product for sale; thus, the Company had expensed all software development costs as incurred. In fiscal year 2017, the Company began capitalizing costs related the development of software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed as we believe we have met the "tested working model" threshold. Costs will continue to be capitalized until the related software is released. The Company considers the following factors in determining whether costs can be capitalized: the emerging nature of the mobile market; the gradual evolution of the wireless carrier platforms and mobile phones for which it develops products and games; the lack of pre-orders or sales history for its products and games; the uncertainty regarding a product’s or game’s revenue-generating potential; its lack of control over the carrier distribution channel resulting in uncertainty as to when, if ever, a product or game will be available for sale; and its historical practice of canceling products and games at any stage of the development process. Presentation In order to facilitate the comparison of financial information, certain amounts reported in the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. A significant portion of the Company’s cash is held at one major financial institution that the Company's management has assessed to be of high credit quality. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company mitigates its credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by performing credit evaluations and monitoring advertisers' and carriers' accounts receivable balances. As of March 31, 2017, two major customers represented 11.2% and 10.7% of the Company's net accounts receivable balance within both the Content and Advertising businesses, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, one major Content customer represented 15.6% of the Company's net accounts receivable balance. With respect to revenue concentration, the Company defines a customer as an advertiser or a carrier that is a distinct source of revenue and is legally bound to pay for the services that the Company delivers on the advertiser’s or carrier's behalf. The Company counts all advertisers and carriers within a single corporate structure as one customer, even in cases where multiple brands, branches, or divisions of an organization enter into separate contracts with the Company. During the year ended March 31, 2017, Telstra Corporation Limited, a Content customer, represented 21.6% of our revenue, AOL Inc., an Advertising customer, represented 12.2% of our revenue, Jam City Inc., an Advertising customer, represented 11.5% of our revenue, and Singapore Telecommunications Limited, a Content customer, represented 11.1% of our revenue. During the year ended March 31, 2016, Telstra Corporation Limited, a Content customer, represented 26.1% of our revenue, and during the year ended March 31, 2015, Telstra Corporation Limited, a Content customer, and Vodafone Australia, a Content customer, represented 50.6% and 11.1%, of revenue, respectively. 65 Goodwill and Indefinite Life Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with FASB ASC 350-20 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, the value assigned to goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets is not amortized to expense, but rather they are evaluated at least on an annual basis to determine if there are potential impairments. For goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets, we complete what is referred to as the “Step 0” analysis which involves evaluating qualitative factors including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, and overall financial performance. If our “Step 0” analysis indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, we would perform a quantitative two-step impairment test. The quantitative analysis compares the fair value of our reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible assets to the carrying amounts, and an impairment loss is recognized equivalent to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows, market multiples or appraised values, as appropriate. Discounted cash flow analysis requires assumptions about the timing and amount of future cash inflows and outflows, risk, the cost of capital, and terminal values. Each of these factors can significantly affect the value of the intangible asset. The estimates of future cash flows, based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections, require management’s judgment. Any changes in key assumptions about the Company’s businesses and their prospects, or changes in market conditions, could result in an impairment charge. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the intangible asset valuation process include: the timing and amount of projected future cash flows; the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows; and the assessment of the asset’s life cycle and the competitive trends impacting the asset, including consideration of any technical, legal or regulatory trends. In the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company determined that there was no impairment of goodwill. In performing the related valuation analysis, the Company used various valuation methodologies including probability weighted discounted cash flows, comparable transaction analysis, and market capitalization and comparable company multiple comparison. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Finite Life Intangibles Long-lived assets, including, intangible assets subject to amortization primarily consist of customer lists, license agreements and software that have been acquired are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful life ranging from five to eight years and are reviewed for impairment in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740-10, Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASC 740- 10”), which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in its financial statements or tax returns. Under ASC 740-10, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities along with net operating losses, if it is more likely than not the tax benefits will be realized using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which it expects the differences to reverse. To the extent a deferred tax asset cannot be recognized, a valuation allowance is established if necessary. ASC 740-10 prescribes that a company should use a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold based on the technical merits of the tax position taken. Tax positions that meet the “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold should be measured as the largest amount of the tax benefits, determined on a cumulative probability basis, which is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of the provision for income taxes. 66 The Company’s income is subject to taxation in both the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, including Israel, Germany, Luxembourg, Singapore and Australia. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s tax positions and determining its provision for income taxes. The Company establishes reserves for income tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves for tax contingencies are established when the Company believes that positions do not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. The Company adjusts uncertain tax liabilities in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit or lapse of a statute of limitations. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of uncertain tax liabilities and changes in liabilities that are considered appropriate. Stock-based compensation We have applied FASB ASC 718 Share-Based Payment (“ASC 718”) and accordingly, we record stock-based compensation expense for all of our stock-based awards. Under ASC 718, we estimate the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value for awards that are expected to vest is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term. The amount of expense recognized represents the expense associated with the stock options we expect to ultimately vest based upon an estimated rate of forfeitures; this rate of forfeitures is updated as necessary and any adjustments needed to recognize the fair value of options that actually vest or are forfeited are recorded. The Black-Scholes option pricing model, used to estimate the fair value of an award, requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected volatility of our common stock, interest rates, dividend rates and an option’s expected life. As a result, the financial statements include amounts that are based upon our best estimates and judgments relating to the expenses recognized for stock-based compensation. In the past, the Company granted restricted stock subject to market or performance conditions that vest based on the satisfaction of the conditions of the award. Unvested restricted stock entitles the grantees to dividends, if any, with voting rights determined in each agreement. The fair market values of market condition-based awards are determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The Monte Carlo simulation method is subject to variability as several factors utilized must be estimated, including the derived service period, which is estimated based on the Company’s judgment of likely future performance and the Company’s stock price volatility. The fair value of performance-based awards is determined using the market closing price on the grant date. Derived service periods and the periods charged with compensation expense for performance-based awards are estimated based on the Company’s judgment of likely future performance and may be adjusted in future periods depending on actual performance. Preferred Stock The Company applies the guidance enumerated in FASB ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480-10”) when determining the classification and measurement of preferred stock. Preferred shares subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value in accordance with ASC 480-10. All other issuances of preferred stock are subject to the classification and measurement principles of ASC 480-10. Accordingly, the Company classifies conditionally redeemable preferred shares (if any), which includes preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control, as temporary equity. At all other times, the Company classifies its preferred shares in stockholders’ equity. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Recent accounting pronouncements are detailed in Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in PART II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 67 Recent Developments On May 23, 2017, the Company entered into a Business Finance Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Western Alliance Bank (the "Bank"). The Credit Agreement provides for a $5,000 total facility. The amounts advanced under the Credit Agreement mature in two years and accrue interest at prime plus 1.25% subject to a 4.00% floor, with the prime rate defined as the prime rate published in the Wall Street Journal. The Credit Facility also carries an annual facility fee of $45.5, and an early termination fee of 0.5% if terminated during the first year. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a perfected first position security interest in all assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to partial (65%) pledges of stock of non-US subsidiaries. The Company’s subsidiaries Digital Turbine USA and Digital Turbine Media are co-borrowers. In addition to customary covenants, including restrictions on payments (subject to specified exceptions), and restrictions on indebtedness (subject to specified exceptions), the Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with the following financial covenants, measured on a monthly basis: (1) Maintain a Current Ratio of at least 0.65, defined as unrestricted cash plus accounts receivable, divided by all current liabilities. (2) Revenue must exceed 85% of projected quarterly revenue. In addition to the the terms noted above, the Credit Agreement contains other customary covenants, representations, indemnities, and events of default. In addition, the Credit Agreement generally prohibits the Company and its subsidiaries who are borrowers (Digital Turbine Media, Inc. and Digital Turbine USA, Inc.) from paying dividends or distributions, except for distributions by any of the borrower subsidiaries to the Company. The Credit Agreement requires that at least two-thirds (2/3rds) of the holders of the Company’s 8.75% Convertible Notes due 2020 (“Notes”) issued under its September 28, 2016 Indenture, with US Bank as trustee, as amended (the “Indenture”) at all times be subject to subordination agreements with the Bank, which were obtained in connection with the solicitation of consents for the Second Supplemental Indenture. In consideration for such consents, the Company entered into a Second Supplemental Indenture, dated May 23, 2017 (the “Supplemental Indenture”) to the Indenture, and also entered into a First Amendment, dated May 23, 2017 (the “Warrant Amendment”) to the Warrant Agreement , dated September 28, 2016, with US Bank as warrant agent (the “Warrant Agreement”), related to the Warrants that were issued in connection with the Notes in September 2017. The principal changes effected by the Supplemental Indenture are that from and after the determination of the Measured Price (as defined below), the Conversion Rate (as defined in the Indenture) of the Notes shall be adjusted to be equal to $1,000 divided by the Measured Price, subject to the adjustment as set forth in the Indenture. The "Measured Price" means the dollar amount calculated as follows: (A) If the sum of (i) the simple average of the Daily VWAP (as defined in the Indenture) for the Company’s Common Stock for all of the consecutive VWAP Trading Days (as defined in the Indenture) that occur during a measurement period (essentially, the period between the 90th and 120th days after the effective date of the Second Supplemental Indenture) plus (ii) ten percent (10%) of the amount determined under clause (i) (the “Measured Sum”) is greater than or equal to $1.00 but less than or equal to $1.364 (which is the original conversion price of the Notes immediately prior to the Second Supplemental Indenture and at original issuance), then the Measured Price shall be the Measured Sum; (B) if the Measured Sum is less than $1.00, then the Measured Price shall be $1.00; and (C) if the Measured Sum is greater than $1.364, then the Measured Price shall be $1.364. 68 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK ITEM 7A. We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily consist of interest rate and foreign currency exchange risks. Interest Rate Fluctuation Risk The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. Our cash consists of cash and deposits which are not insensitive to interest rate changes. Our borrowings under our credit facility are subject to variable interest rates and thus expose us to interest rate fluctuations depending on the extent to which we utilize the credit facility. If market interest rates materially increase, our results of operations could be adversely affected. Our borrowings under our credit facility are subject to variable interest rates and thus expose us to interest rate fluctuations depending on the extent to which we utilize the credit facility. If market interest rates materially increase, our results of operations could be adversely affected. A hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points would result in an increase in our interest expense of $0.01 million per year for every $1 million of outstanding debt under the credit facility.” Foreign Currency Exchange Risk We have foreign currency risks related to our revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Australian dollar. While a portion of our sales are denominated in these foreign currencies and then translated into the U.S. dollar, the vast majority of our media costs are billed in the U.S. dollar, causing both our revenue and, disproportionately, our operating loss and net loss to be impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rates. In addition, gains (losses) related to translating certain cash balances, trade accounts receivable balances and intercompany balances that are denominated in these currencies impact our net income (loss). As our foreign operations expand, our results may be more impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rates of the currencies in which we do business. At this time we do not, but we may in the future, enter into financial instruments to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk. 69 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA DIGITAL TURBINE, INC. INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Financial Statements: Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income / (Loss) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The supplementary financial information required by this Item 8 is set forth in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Supplemental Consolidated Financial Information". 70 71 74 75 76 77 78 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2017. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Our report dated June 14, 2017 expressed an opinion that the Company had not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. /s/ SingerLewak LLP Los Angeles, California June 14, 2017 71 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries We have audited Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ (collectively, the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management's assessment. The Company’s control environment did not sufficiently promote effective internal control over financial reporting; this includes deficiencies in the design and operations of monitoring controls over information technology systems. Furthermore, the Company’s financial reporting and close process is not operating effectively, specifically related to the aggregation of deficiencies related to the review and performance of reconciliations and technical resources constraints. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2017 financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated June 14, 2017 on those financial statements. In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness described above on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2017, and our report dated June 14, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion. /s/ SingerLewak LLP Los Angeles, California June 14, 2017 72 73 Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) ASSETS Current assets Cash Restricted cash Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $597 and $464, respectively Deposits Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Cost method investment Deferred tax assets Intangible assets, net Goodwill TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable Accrued license fees and revenue share Accrued compensation Short-term debt, net of debt issuance costs and discounts of $0 and $568, respectively Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Convertible notes, net of debt issuance costs and discounts of $6,315 and $0, respectively Convertible note embedded derivative liability Warrant liability Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Stockholders' equity Preferred stock March 31, 2017 March 31, 2016 $ $ $ 6,149 $ 331 16,554 121 510 23,665 2,377 — 352 4,565 76,621 107,580 $ 19,868 $ 8,529 1,073 — 1,304 30,774 9,685 3,218 1,076 782 45,535 11,231 — 17,519 213 583 29,546 1,784 999 500 12,490 76,621 121,940 15,300 9,622 1,353 10,432 2,147 38,854 — — — 815 39,669 Series A convertible preferred stock at $0.0001 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized, 100,000 issued and outstanding (liquidation preference of $1,000) 100 100 Common stock $0.0001 par value: 200,000,000 shares authorized; 67,329,262 issued and 66,594,807 outstanding at March 31, 2017; 67,019,703 issued and 66,284,606 outstanding at March 31, 2016; Additional paid-in capital Treasury stock (754,599 shares at March 31, 2017 and 2016) Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated deficit Total stockholders' equity TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 8 299,580 (71) (321) (237,251) 62,045 107,580 $ 8 295,423 (71) (202) (212,987) 82,271 121,940 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 74 Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income / (Loss) (in thousands, except per share amounts) Net revenues Cost of revenues License fees and revenue share Other direct cost of revenues Total cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses Product development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest and other income / (expense), net Interest expense, net Foreign exchange transaction gain / (loss) Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Change in fair value of warrant liability Loss on extinguishment of debt Gain / (loss) on disposal of fixed assets Other income / (expense) Total interest and other income / (expense), net Loss from operations before income taxes Income tax provision Net loss Other comprehensive income / (loss) Foreign currency translation adjustment Comprehensive loss Basic and diluted net loss per common share Net loss Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted Years ended March 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ 91,553 $ 86,541 $ 28,252 70,252 7,938 78,190 13,363 12,035 6,537 16,811 35,383 (22,020) (2,628) (88) 475 147 (293) — (1) (2,388) (24,408) (144) (24,264) $ $ (119) (24,383) $ (0.36) $ (0.36) 66,511 66,185 10,537 76,722 9,819 10,983 6,067 18,705 35,755 (25,936) (1,816) (29) — — — (37) — (1,882) (27,818) 214 (28,032) (150) (28,182) $ (0.46) $ (0.46) 61,763 20,110 2,010 22,120 6,132 7,905 2,933 19,031 29,869 (23,737) (234) 32 — (9) 2 46 (163) (23,900) 747 (24,647) 147 (24,500) (0.63) (0.63) 38,967 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 75 Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (in thousands, except share amounts) Common Stock Shares 37,388,429 $ Amount Preferred Stock Shares Treasury Stock Shares 7 100,000 $ 100 754,599 $ (71 ) $193,422 $ Additional Paid-In Capital Amount Amount Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (199) 80,064 (8,131) 119,305 65,000 200,000 67,827 576 1,967 (27 ) 3,292 490 248 788 42 633 156 18,883,723 53,333 313,417 57,162,967 7 100,000 100 754,599 74,402 136 375 (71 ) 276,500 Balance at March 31, 2014 Net loss Foreign currency translation Vesting of shares issued to employees Shares vested in connection with separation agreement Cancellation of shares issued to employee Vesting of options issued to employees Vesting of restricted stock for services Shares issued as settlement of debt Issuance of common stock related to debt Shares issued to employees assumed in acquisition Options assumed in acquisition Warrants issued in connection with issuance of debt Issuance of common stock related to acquisition Options exercised Warrant exercised Balance at March 31, 2015 Net loss Foreign currency translation Cancellation of shares issued to employees (454,164) 233,928 66,682 452,974 (10,874 ) 117,000 (23,907 ) Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation related to vesting of restricted stock for services Options exercised Cashless exercise of a warrant Cancellation of shares held in escrow related to Appia acquisition Stock issued for settlement of liability Shares cancelled Stock issued for cash in stock offering Balance at March 31, 2016 8,740,000 66,284,606 Net loss Foreign currency translation Stock-based compensation Compensation related to restricted shares and warrants issued for services rendered Options exercised 331,363 18,383 5,096 867 51 283 1 8 100,000 100 754,599 12,626 (71 ) 295,423 3,748 408 11 147 (52 ) (150) (202) (119) Accumulated Deficit Total $(160,308) $32,951 (24,647 ) (24,647 ) 147 576 1,967 (27 ) 3,292 490 248 788 42 633 156 74,402 136 375 (184,955) $91,529 (28,032 ) (28,032 ) (150) — 5,096 867 51 — — 283 — 12,627 (212,987) $82,271 (24,264 ) (24,264 ) (119) 3,748 408 11 Shares cancelled (39,545 ) (10 ) Balance at March 31, 2017 66,594,807 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 8 100,000 $ 100 754,599 $ (71 ) $299,580 $ (321) (10 ) $(237,251) $62,045 76 Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Change in allowance for doubtful accounts Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs Accrued interest Stock-based compensation Restricted shares and warrants compensation for services rendered Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Change in fair value of warrant liability Loss on extinguishment of debt Impairment of intangible assets Stock issued for settlement of liability (Increase) / decrease in assets: Restricted cash transferred to / (from) operating cash Accounts receivable Deposits Deferred tax assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets Increase / (decrease) in liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued license fees and revenue share Accrued compensation Other current liabilities Other non-current liabilities Net cash used in operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Capital expenditures Settlement of contingent liability Cash used in acquisition of assets Proceeds from sale of cost method investment in Sift Net cash proceeds from cost method investment in Sift Cash acquired with acquisition of subsidiary Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Cash received from issuance of convertible notes Repayment of debt obligations Payment of debt issuance costs Options exercised Warrants exercised Stock issued for cash in stock offering, net Net cash provided in financing activities Year ended March 31, 2017 2016 2015 (24,264 ) (28,032 ) (24,647 ) 8,170 133 1,256 36 3,748 398 (475) (147) 293 757 — (331) 833 92 148 73 4,568 (1,093) (280) (879) (31 ) (6,995) (1,595) — — 999 — — (596) 16,000 (11,000 ) (2,383) 11 — — 2,628 10,974 (234) 470 12 5,095 867 — — — — 283 200 (5,111) (104) (418) 57 7,308 2,789 (831) (394) — (7,069) (1,549) — — — 875 — (674) — (600) — 51 — 12,627 12,078 2,108 698 34 77 5,850 490 — — — — — — (406) (63 ) 3,156 (142) (379) 2,988 325 (4,589) — (14,500 ) (67 ) (49 ) (2,125) — — 1,363 (878) — — — 136 375 — 511 131 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (119) (173) Net change in cash Cash, beginning of period Cash, end of period Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information (5,082) 4,162 (14,736 ) 11,231 7,069 21,805 $ 6,149 $ 11,231 $ 7,069 Interest paid $ 1,406 $ 1,011 $ — Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: Common stock of the Company issued for acquisition of subsidiary Cashless exercise of warrants to purchase common stock of the Company $ $ — $ — $ — $ 566 $ 75,035 — The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 77 Digital Turbine, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 1. Organization Digital Turbine was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1998. Digital Turbine, through its subsidiaries, works at the convergence of media and mobile communications, delivering end-to-end products and solutions for mobile operators, application advertisers, device OEMs and other third parties to enable them to effectively monetize mobile content and generate higher value user acquisition. 2. Liquidity The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. Our primary sources of liquidity have historically been issuance of common and preferred stock and debt. As of March 31, 2017, we had cash totaling approximately $6,149. On September 28, 2016, the Company closed a private placement of $16,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (the “Notes”), netting cash proceeds to the Company of $14,316, after deducting the initial purchaser's discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by Digital Turbine. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes were used to repay approximately $11,000 of secured indebtedness, consisting of approximately $3,000 to Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB") and $8,000 to North Atlantic Capital ("NAC"), retiring both such debts in their entirety, and will otherwise be used for general corporate purposes and working capital. Refer to Note 11 Debt for more details. The Company believes that it has sufficient cash and capital resources to operate its business for at least the next twelve months from the issuance date of this annual report on Form 10-K. During fiscal year 2017, the Company operated in a net loss position. Until the Company becomes cash flow positive, the Company anticipates that its primary source of liquidity will be cash on hand. In addition, the Company may raise additional capital through future equity or, subject to restrictions contained in the indenture for the Notes, debt financing to provide for greater flexibility. If the Company issues additional equity securities to raise funds, the ownership percentage of its existing stockholders would be reduced. New investors may demand rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of existing holders of common stock. During the evaluation by management of the Company’s financial position, factors such as working capital, current market capitalization, enterprise value, and the FY18 operating plan of the Company were considered when determining the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. Based on the year over year revenue and gross margin increases, coupled with the Company’s reduction in operating expenses and access to debt, management has determined that when considering all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors that the company has sufficient cash and capital resources to continue to operate its business for at least twelve months from the issuance date of this annual report on Form 10-K. As of March 31, 2017, we were in discussions with a lender regarding additional secured indebtedness. This factor was considered as part of management’s plan when assessing the needs of the Company over the next twelve months. Had we not had access to this additional indebtedness, management’s assessment may have been different. Subsequent to year end, the Company successfully executed the additional secured indebtedness discussed above. See Note 21, Subsequent Events for more information. In addition, the indenture for the Notes, and the related warrant agreement for the warrants issued in connection with the Notes, contain, among other protections, price-based anti-dilution rights. These rights could result in significant dilution to other stockholders in the event we were to complete certain types of financings at valuations below specified levels. At our January 2017 annual stockholders meeting, we received stockholder approval to issue the full amount of shares of our stock that could ultimately be issuable under the indenture for the Notes and the warrant agreement. However, as a result of the modification of our indenture for the Notes and related modification of the warrant agreement in connection with soliciting consent for incurrence of our May 2017 Bridge Bank credit facility (see Note 21, Subsequent Events), the January 2017 stockholder approval no longer applies and we would need to receive a new stockholder approval in order to issue the full amount of shares of our stock that could ultimately be issuable under the indenture for the Notes and the warrant agreement. We are required to seek such stockholder approval. 78 In view of the matters described in the preceding paragraph, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which, in turn, is dependent upon the Company’s ability to generate positive cash flows from operations. The financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts, or amounts and classifications of liabilities, that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue its existence. 3. Acquisitions and Disposals Acquisitions Xyologic Mobile Analysis On October 9, 2014, the Company acquired certain intellectual property assets of Xyologic Mobile Analysis, GmbH ("XYO"), related to mobile application recommendation, search and discovery. The Company has completed the integration of the acquired technology into the DT Discover software solution. The acquisition was effected pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement dated October 8, 2014 (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”). The aggregate purchase price was US $2,500, paid in cash, subject to a twelve (12) month hold-back of US $375, which acts as partial security for potential future indemnification claims. During April 2016, the Company reached a settlement with the sellers of XYO, whereby the Company was relieved of the $375 liability. The purchase price fair values have been allocated to goodwill of $1,000 and developed technology of $1,500. The Company finalized the purchase price allocation in the year ended March 31, 2015. See Note 10 Intangible Assets where the Company has evaluated its intangible assets for impairment and has determined that the XYO developed technology has been fully impaired, thus the Company has recorded an impairment charge of $757 during the year ended March 31, 2017. Appia, Inc. On March 6, 2015, the Company completed the merger of Appia, Inc. into its wholly owned subsidiary, DT Media Merger Sub, Inc. The surviving entity was renamed Digital Turbine Media, Inc. (“DT Media”). Under the Merger Agreement, the Company issued shares of its common stock in exchange for all of Appia Inc's outstanding common and preferred stock and warrants. The number of shares that were issued by the Company was subject to adjustment based on Appia Inc's working capital and net indebtedness as of the closing date of the merger. Based on Appia Inc's working capital and net indebtedness as of March 6, 2015, the Company issued 18,883,723 shares of its common stock and reserved 245,955 of its common stock for Appia Inc's equity awards outstanding at the closing date that were assumed by the Company and converted into equity awards for Digital Turbine common stock. Vested equity awards held by Appia Inc's employees and service providers are considered part of the purchase price; accordingly, the estimated purchase price includes an estimated fair value of equity awards to be issued by the Company of approximately $633. The value of the Company’s common stock used to estimate the purchase price was $3.94 per share, the closing price on March 6, 2015. The following table summarizes the final fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition, based on information available as of March 31, 2016. These final fair values differ from the estimated fair values reflected in the pro forma financial information included in the Company’s previously filed Registration Statement on Form S-4 due to the availability of additional and updated information. In the year ended March 31, 2016, the Company adjusted the purchase price allocation of DT Media due to the finalization of the working capital adjustment, which resulted in a net decrease in goodwill of $126, from $69,438 down to $69,312 as detailed in the table below. 79 The following table summarizes the final fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. Cash Accounts receivable Prepaid expenses and other assets Property, plant and equipment Developed technology Advertiser relationships Publisher relationships Trade names/trademarks Goodwill Accounts payable Accrued expenses Debt Purchase price $ $ 1,363 7,364 171 229 7,700 6,500 3,200 380 69,312 (5,179) (4,531) (11,600) 74,909 The amortization period for the intangible assets acquired in the DT Media transaction is as follows: Developed technology Trade names/trademarks Publisher relationships Advertiser relationships Goodwill Useful Life 4 years 2 years 2 years 2 years Indefinite The pro forma financial information of the Company’s consolidated operations if the acquisition of DT Media, Inc. had occurred as of April 1, 2014 is presented below. Unaudited Year Ended March 31, 2015 Revenues Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses Loss from operations Non-operating expense Provision for income taxes Net loss Basic and diluted loss per share $ $ $ 57,978 45,580 12,398 43,644 31,246 3,372 541 35,159 0.90 The operating results of DT Media are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations from the acquisition date. The combined consolidated operating results from the acquisition date to March 31, 2015 are included in the table below. The combined consolidated operating results for fiscal 2016 include a full year of operating results of DT Media. Unaudited $ 3,251 3,227 24 1,194 1,170 113 — 1,283 Revenues Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses Loss from operations Non-operating expense Provision for income taxes Net loss 80 $ 4. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for annual financial statements. The financial statements, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for each period presented. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. See Part I for a detailed listing of the Company's wholly- owned subsidiaries. Revenue Recognition Advertising Advertising revenues are generated via direct Cost-Per-Install (CPI), Cost-Per-Preload (CPP), or Cost-Per-Action (CPA) arrangements with application developers, or indirect CPI, CPP or CPA arrangements through advertising aggregators (ad networks). Transactions are processed by the Company’s mobile application management software, Ignite. The Company recognizes advertising related revenue when it has persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery of has occurred or services have been performed, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes as revenue the amount billed to the application developer or advertising aggregator. Revenue share payments to the carrier are recorded as a cost of revenues. The Company has evaluated its agreements with the developers and aggregators and the carriers in accordance with the guidance at FASB ASC 605-45 Revenue Recognition – Principal Agent Considerations and has concluded that it is the principal under these agreements. Key indicators that it evaluated to reach this determination include: • • • • • The Company has the contractual relationship with the application developers or advertising aggregators (collectively, the advertisers), and we have the performance obligation to these parties; Through our Ignite and Discover software, we provide application installation and management as well as detailed reporting to advertisers and carriers. We are responsible for billing the advertisers, and for reporting revenues and revenue share to the carriers; As part of the application management process, we use our data, and post-install event data provided back to us by the advertisers, to match applications to end users. We currently target end users based on carrier, geography, demographics (including by handset type), among other attributes, by leveraging carrier data. We have discretion as to which applications are delivered to each end user; Pricing is established in our agreements with advertisers. We negotiate pricing with the advertisers, based on prevailing rates typical in the industry; and The Company is responsible for billing and collecting the gross amount from the advertiser. Our carrier agreements do not include any specific provisions that allow us to mitigate our credit risk by reducing the revenue share payable to the carrier. In certain instances the carrier may enter directly into a CPI, CPP or CPA arrangement with a developer, where the installation will be made using the Company’s Ignite and Discover software services. In these instances, the Company receives a share of the carrier’s revenue, which is recognized on a net basis. In addition to revenues from application developers and advertising aggregators, the Company may receive fees from the carriers relating to the initial set-up of the arrangements with the carriers. Set-up activities typically include customization, testing and implementation of the Ignite software for specific handsets. When the Company determines that the set-up fees do not have standalone value, such fees are deferred and recognized over the estimated period the carrier benefits from the set-up fee, which is generally the estimated life of the related handsets. 81 The Company has determined that certain set-up activities are within the scope of FASB ASC 985-605 Software Revenue Recognition and, accordingly, the Company applies the provisions of ASC 985-605 to the software components. As a result, the Company typically defers recognition of the set-up fee until all elements of the arrangement have been delivered. In those instances where the set-up fee covers ongoing support and maintenance, the fee is deferred and amortized over the term of the carrier agreement. Content and Billing The Company’s Content and Billing revenues are derived primarily from transactions with the carriers’ customers (end users). The carriers bill the end users upon the sale of content, including music, images or games, and the Company shares the end user revenues with the carrier. The end user transactions are processed by the Company’s software services: white labeled mobile storefront and content management solutions through Marketplace, and mobile payments with direct operator billing through Pay. The Company recognizes Content related revenue when it has persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery of has occurred or services have been performed, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company utilizes its reporting system to capture and recognize revenue due from carriers, based on monthly transactional reporting and other fees earned upon delivery of content to the end user. Determination of the appropriate amount of revenue recognized is based on the Company’s reporting system, but it is possible that actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates once the reports are reconciled with the carrier. When the Company receives the final carrier reports, to the extent not received within a reasonable time frame following the end of each month, the Company records any differences between estimated revenues and actual revenues in the reporting period when the Company determines the actual amounts. The Company has not experienced material adjustments to its estimates when the final amounts were reported by carriers. If the Company deems a carrier not to be creditworthy, the Company defers all revenues from the arrangement until the Company receives payment and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company recognizes as revenues the amount billed to the carrier upon the sale of content, which is net of sales taxes, the carrier’s fees and other deductions. The Company has evaluated its agreements with carriers in accordance with the guidance at FASB ASC 605-45 Revenue Recognition – Principal Agent Considerations and has concluded that it is not the principal under these agreements. Key indicators that it evaluated to reach this determination include: • • • • • • End users directly contract with the carriers, which have most of the service interaction and are generally viewed as the primary obligor by the subscribers; Carriers generally have significant control over the types of content that they offer to their subscribers; the Company has the content provider relationships and has discretion, within the parameters set by the carriers, regarding the actual offerings; Carriers are directly responsible for billing and collecting fees from their subscribers, including the resolution of billing disputes; Carriers generally pay the Company a fixed percentage of their revenues or a fixed fee for each content sale; Carriers generally must approve the price of the Company’s content in advance of their sale to subscribers, and the Company’s more significant carriers generally have the ability to set the ultimate price charged to their subscribers; and The Company has limited risks, including no inventory risk and limited credit risk. The Company has also evaluated its agreements with content providers, and has concluded that it is the principal under these agreements. Accordingly, payments to content providers are reported as cost of revenues. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity, but are excluded from net income. The Company’s other comprehensive income currently includes only foreign currency translation adjustments. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid short-term investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. 82 Restricted Cash Cash accounts that are restricted as to withdrawal or usage are presented as restricted cash. As of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, the Company had $331 and $0, respectively, of restricted cash held by a bank in a collateral account as collateral to cover the Company's corporate credit cards as well as a letter of credit issued to guarantee a facility lease. Accounts Receivable The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. Deposits As of March 31, 2017, the Company had deposits of $121 comprised of facility and equipment lease deposits, as compared to $213 as of March 31, 2016. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Where available, fair value is based on or derived from observable market prices or other observable inputs. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, valuation techniques are applied. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or market and the instruments’ complexity. The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, such as cash equivalents, short term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. The fair value of the Notes issued on September 28, 2016 is determined using the residual method of accounting whereby, first, a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes is allocated to derivatives embedded in the Notes and the warrants issued in connection with the issuance of the Notes, and the proceeds so allocated are accounted for as a convertible note embedded derivative liability and warrant liability, respectively, and second, the remainder of the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes is allocated to the convertible notes, resulting in debt discount. The convertible notes are carried on the consolidated balance sheet on a historical cost basis, net of discounts and debt issuance costs. The Company estimates the fair value of the convertible note embedded derivative liability and warrant liability using a lattice approach that incorporates a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model that considers the Company's future stock price, stock price volatility, probability of a change of control, and the trading information of the Company's common stock into which the Notes are or may become convertible. Changes in the inputs into these valuation models have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the convertible note embedded derivative liability and warrant liability. For example, a decrease (increase) in the stock price results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value of the liabilities. The change in the fair value of the convertible note embedded derivative liability and warrant liability are primarily related to the change in price of the Company's underlying common stock and are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as "Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability” and "Change in fair value of warrant liability." Refer to Note 5 "Fair Value Measurements" for more details. 83 Convertible Note Embedded Derivative Liability Embedded derivatives that are required to be bifurcated from the underlying debt instrument (i.e. host) are accounted for and valued as a separate financial instrument. We evaluated the terms and features of the Notes issued on September 28, 2016 and identified embedded derivatives (i.e. conversion options that contain “make-whole interest” provisions, fundamental change provisions, or down round conversion price adjustment provisions) requiring bifurcation and accounting at fair value due to the economic and contractual characteristics of the embedded derivatives meeting the criteria for bifurcation and separate accounting. ASC 815-10-15-83 (c) states that if terms implicitly or explicitly require or permit net settlement, then it can readily be settled net by means outside the contract, or it provides for delivery of an asset that puts the recipient in a position not substantially different from net settlement. The conversion features related to the Notes consists of a “make-whole interest” provision, fundamental change provision, and down round conversion price adjustment provisions, which if the Notes were to be converted, would put the convertible note holder in a position not substantially different from net settlement. Given this fact pattern, the conversion features meet the definition of embedded derivatives and require bifurcation and accounting at fair value. See Note 5, Fair Value Measurements, of this report for a description of our embedded derivatives related to the Notes and information on the valuation model used to calculate the fair value of the embedded derivatives, otherwise called the convertible note embedded derivative liability. Changes in the inputs into the valuation model may have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the convertible note embedded derivative liability. For example, a decrease (increase) in the stock price results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value of the liability. Change in the fair value of the liability is primarily attributable to the change in price of the underlying common stock of the Company and is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as “Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability.” Warrant Liability The Company issued detachable warrants with the Notes issued on September 28, 2016. The Company accounts for its warrants issued in accordance with US GAAP accounting guidance under ASC 815 applicable to derivative instruments, which requires every derivative instrument within its scope to be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Based on this guidance, the Company determined that these warrants did not meet the criteria for classification as equity. Accordingly, the Company classified the warrants as long-term liabilities. The warrants are subject to re- measurement at each balance sheet date, with any change in fair value recognized as a component of other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. We estimated the fair value of these warrants at the respective balance sheet dates using a lattice approach that incorporates a Monte Carlo simulation that considers the Company's future stock price. Option pricing models employ subjective factors to estimate warrant liability; and, therefore, the assumptions used in the model are judgmental. See Note 5, Fair Value Measurements, of this report for a description of our warrant liability and information on the valuation model used to calculate the fair value of the warrant liability. Changes in the inputs into the valuation model may have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the warrant liability. For example, a decrease (increase) in the stock price results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value of the liability. The change in the fair value of the liability is primarily related to the change in price of the underlying common stock of the Company and is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as “Change in fair value of warrant liability.” Debt Issuance Costs In April 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance which requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability under ASU 2015-03. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years; as such, the Company adopted this guidance in the quarter ended June 30, 2016. The Company has determined that adopting ASU 2015-03 did not have a significant impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. Refer to Note 11 Debt for more details. 84 Carrier Revenue Share and Content Provider License Fees Carrier Revenue Share Revenues generated from advertising via direct CPI, CPP or CPA arrangements with application developers, or indirect arrangements through advertising aggregators (ad networks) are shared with the carrier and the shared revenue is recorded as a cost of goods sold. In each case the revenue share with the carrier varies depending on the agreement with the carrier, and, in some cases, is based upon revenue tiers. Content Provider License Fees The Company’s royalty expenses consist of fees that it pays to content owners for the use of their intellectual property in the distribution of music, games and other content services, and other expenses directly incurred in earning revenue. Royalty-based obligations are either accrued as incurred and subsequently paid or, in the case of content acquisitions, paid in advance and capitalized on our balance sheet as prepaid license fees. These royalty-based obligations are expensed to cost of revenues either at the applicable contractual rate related to that revenue or over the estimated life of the content acquired. Minimum guarantee license payments that are not recoupable against future royalties are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the estimated life of the branded title or the term of the license agreement. Software Development Costs The Company applies the principles of FASB ASC 985-20, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed (“ASC 985-20”). ASC 985-20 requires that software development costs incurred in conjunction with product development be charged to research and development expense until technological feasibility is established. Thereafter, until the product is released for sale, software development costs must be capitalized and reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of the related product. The Company has adopted the “tested working model” approach to establishing technological feasibility for its products. Under this approach, the Company does not consider a product in development to have passed the technological feasibility milestone until the Company has completed a model of the product that contains essentially all the functionality and features of the final product and has tested the model to ensure that it works as expected. Through fiscal year 2016, the Company had not incurred significant costs between the establishment of technological feasibility and the release of a product for sale; thus, the Company had expensed all software development costs as incurred. In fiscal year 2017, the Company began capitalizing costs related the development of software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed as we believe we have met the "tested working model" threshold. Costs will continue to be capitalized until the related software is released. The Company considers the following factors in determining whether costs can be capitalized: the emerging nature of the mobile market; the gradual evolution of the wireless carrier platforms and mobile phones for which it develops products; the lack of pre-orders or sales history for its products; the uncertainty regarding a product’s revenue-generating potential; its lack of control over the carrier distribution channel resulting in uncertainty as to when, if ever, a product will be available for sale; and its historical practice of canceling products at any stage of the development process. The Company also applies the principles of FASB ASC 350-40, Accounting for the Cost of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use (“ASC 350-40”). ASC 350-40 requires that software development costs incurred before the preliminary project stage be expensed as incurred. We capitalize development costs related to these software applications once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. For fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 the Company capitalized software development costs in the amount of $1,387, $1,263, and $62. Product Development Costs The Company charges costs related to research, design and development and deployment of products to product development expense as incurred. The types of costs included in product development expenses include salaries, contractor fees and allocated facilities costs. Advertising Expenses The Company expenses the costs of advertising the first time the advertising takes place. Advertising expense was $263, $396, and $406 in the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. 85 Fair Value of Financial Instruments As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying value of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued license fees, accrued compensation, and other current liabilities approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of such instruments. Foreign Currency Translation The Company uses the United States dollar for financial reporting purposes. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated using current rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts have been translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transaction occurred. Statement of Operations amounts are translated at average rates in effect for the reporting period. The foreign currency translation adjustment gain/(loss) of $(119), $(150), and $147 in the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 has been reported as a component of comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity and comprehensive loss. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. A significant portion of the Company’s cash is held at one major financial institution that the Company's management has assessed to be of high credit quality. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company mitigates its credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by performing credit evaluations and monitoring advertisers' and carriers' accounts receivable balances. As of March 31, 2017, two major customers represented 11.2% and 10.7% of the Company's net accounts receivable balance, both within the Advertising business. As of March 31, 2016, two major customers represented 15.6% and 10.3% of the Company's net accounts receivable balance, in the Content and Advertising businesses, respectively. With respect to revenue concentration, the Company defines a customer as an advertiser or a carrier that is a distinct source of revenue and is legally bound to pay for the services that the Company delivers on the advertiser’s or carrier's behalf. The Company counts all advertisers and carriers within a single corporate structure as one customer, even in cases where multiple brands, branches, or divisions of an organization enter into separate contracts with the Company. During the years ended March 31, 2017, one major Content customer, two major Advertising customers, and another major Content customer represented 21.6%, 12.2%, 11.5%, 11.1%, of our consolidated net revenue, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2016 one major Content customer represented 26.1%, of our consolidated net revenues. During the year ended March 31, 2015, two major Content customers represented 50.6% and 11.1%, of our consolidated net revenues, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Estimated useful lives are the lesser of 8 to 10 years or the term of the lease for leasehold improvements and 3-5 years for other assets. 86 Goodwill and Indefinite Life Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with FASB ASC 350-20 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, the value assigned to goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets, including trademarks and trade names, is not amortized to expense, but rather they are evaluated at least on an annual basis to determine if there are potential impairments. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill is less than the carrying value. If the fair value of an indefinite lived intangible (such as trademarks and trade names) is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recorded. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows, market multiples or appraised values, as appropriate. Discounted cash flow analysis requires assumptions about the timing and amount of future cash inflows and outflows, risk, the cost of capital, and terminal values. Each of these factors can significantly affect the value of the intangible asset. The estimates of future cash flows, based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections, require management’s judgment. Any changes in key assumptions about the Company’s businesses and their prospects, or changes in market conditions, could result in an impairment charge. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the intangible asset valuation process include: the timing and amount of projected future cash flows; the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows; and the assessment of the asset’s life cycle and the competitive trends impacting the asset, including consideration of any technical, legal or regulatory trends. Goodwill is tested annually during the fourth fiscal quarter and whenever events or circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. Based on the results of the annual impairment tests performed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, no impairment of goodwill existed at March 31, 2017. See disclosure surrounding additional procedures performed by the Company in performing its fiscal 2017 annual impairment test at “Goodwill” in Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Finite Life Intangibles Long-lived assets, including, intangible assets subject to amortization primarily consist of customer lists, license agreements and software that have been acquired are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful life ranging from two to fourteen years and are reviewed for impairment in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets , whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, the Company determined that there was an impairment of intangible assets of $757 related to the XYO developed technology being fully impaired. The impairment is detailed in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report. There were no indications of impairment present or that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, the Company determined there to be a need to accelerate amortization expense by $224 due to the Company's decision to stop using the Appia trade name, rename, and re-brand the trademarks acquired through the Appia acquisition. There were no other indications of impairment present during the period ended March 31, 2015. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740-10, Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASC 740- 10”), which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in its financial statements or tax returns. Under ASC 740-10, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities along with net operating losses, if it is more likely than not the tax benefits will be realized using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which it expects the differences to reverse. To the extent a deferred tax asset cannot be recognized, a valuation allowance is established if necessary. 87 ASC 740-10 prescribes that a company should use a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold based on the technical merits of the tax position taken. Tax positions that meet the “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold should be measured as the largest amount of the tax benefits, determined on a cumulative probability basis, which is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of the provision for income taxes. Stock-Based Compensation We have applied FASB ASC 718 Share-Based Payment (“ASC 718”) and accordingly, we record stock-based compensation expense for all of our stock-based awards. Under ASC 718, we estimate the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value for awards that are expected to vest is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term. The amount of expense recognized represents the expense associated with the stock options we expect to ultimately vest based upon an estimated rate of forfeitures; this rate of forfeitures is updated as necessary and any adjustments needed to recognize the fair value of options that actually vest or are forfeited are recorded. The Black-Scholes option pricing model, used to estimate the fair value of an award, requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected volatility of our common stock, interest rates, dividend rates and an option’s expected life. As a result, the financial statements include amounts that are based upon our best estimates and judgments relating to the expenses recognized for stock-based compensation. The Company grants restricted stock subject to market or performance conditions that vest based on the satisfaction of the conditions of the award. Unvested restricted stock entitles the grantees to dividends, if any, with voting rights determined in each agreement. The fair market values of market condition-based awards are determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The Monte Carlo simulation method is subject to variability as several factors utilized must be estimated, including the derived service period, which is estimated based on the Company’s judgment of likely future performance and the Company’s stock price volatility. The fair value of performance-based awards is determined using the market closing price on the grant date. Derived service periods and the periods charged with compensation expense for performance-based awards are estimated based on the Company’s judgment of likely future performance and may be adjusted in future periods depending on actual performance. Preferred Stock The Company applies the guidance enumerated in FASB ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480-10”) when determining the classification and measurement of preferred stock. Preferred shares subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value in accordance with ASC 480-10. All other issuances of preferred stock are subject to the classification and measurement principles of ASC 480-10. Accordingly, the Company classifies conditionally redeemable preferred shares (if any), which includes preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control, as temporary equity. At all other times, the Company classifies its preferred shares in stockholders’ equity. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of management's estimates. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at fiscal year-end, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the fiscal year. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Going Concern In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014- 15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going concern. The amendments in this update provide guidance in GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The Company adopted the amendment during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. The adoption of this ASU has not had a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or presentation thereof. 88 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Under this new standard, an entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and then recognize an impairment charge, as necessary, for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application is permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2017-04 during the quarter ended June 30, 2020, and does not expect the impact of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Classification of Restricted Cash, which addresses the Statement of Cash Flow classification and presentation of restricted cash transactions. ASU 2016-18 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The effect of this amendment is to be applied retrospectively and early adoption is permitted. The Company expects to adopt ASU No. 2016-18 for our fiscal year commencing on April 1, 2018, and does not expect the impact of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In August 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-15 during the year ended March 31, 2019, and does not expect the impact of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Codification ASU 2016-09, Stock Compensation - Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The amendment is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-09 during the quarter ended June 30, 2017, and does not expect it will have a significant impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-06, Derivatives and Hedging: Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments. ASU 2016-06 applies to all entities that are issuers of or investors in debt instruments (or hybrid financial instruments that are determined to have a debt host) with embedded call (put) options. The amendments in ASU 2016-06 are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-06 during the quarter ended June 30, 2017, and does not anticipate the impact of the adoption will have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842 (“ASC 842”), Leases, which replaces the existing guidance in ASC 840, Leases. The amendment is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. ASC 842 requires a dual approach for lessee accounting under which a lessee would account for leases as finance leases or operating leases. Both finance leases and operating leases will result in the lessee recognizing a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a corresponding lease liability. For finance leases the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the ROU asset and for operating leases the lessee would recognize a straight-line total lease expense. The Company will adopt ASC 842 during the quarter ended June 30, 2019, and is evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In April 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance under ASU 2015-03 which requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years; as such, the Company adopted this guidance in the quarter ended June 30, 2016. The Company has determined that adopting ASU 2015-03 did not have a significant impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. Please refer to Note 11 Debt for more details. 89 In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. Additionally, ASU 2014-09 requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. In July 2015, the FASB decided to delay the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. The deferral results in the new revenue standard being effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. ASU 2014-09, as amended, is effective using either the full retrospective or modified retrospective transition approach for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those years. In 2016, the FASB issued several accounting standards updates to clarify certain topics within ASU 2014-09. The Company will adopt ASU 2014-09, and its related clarifying ASUs, during the quarter ended June 30, 2018. Further, the Company is in the initial stages of evaluating the effect of the standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, but expects the impact to not be material. Other authoritative guidance issued by the FASB (including technical corrections to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the SEC did not, or are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 5. Fair Value Measurements The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” ASC 820-10 defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows: • • • Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity” and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative liabilities are adjusted to reflect fair value at each period end, with any increase or decrease in the fair value being recorded in results of operations as adjustments to fair value of derivatives. The effects of interactions between embedded derivatives are calculated and accounted for in arriving at the overall fair value of the financial instruments. In addition, the fair values of freestanding derivative instruments such as warrant and option derivatives are valued using the Black-Scholes model. The Company’s financial liabilities as of the issuance date of the convertible notes on the initial measurement date of September 28, 2016 are presented below at fair value and were classified within the fair value hierarchy as follows: Financial Liabilities Convertible note embedded derivative liability Warrant liability Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Balance as of September 28, 2016 $ — $ — $ 3,693 $ $ — $ — $ 1,223 $ $ — $ — $ 4,916 $ 3,693 1,223 4,916 90 The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the liability. Fair value of the Notes is determined using the residual method of accounting whereby, first, a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes is allocated to derivatives embedded in the Notes and the warrants issued in connection with the issuance of the Notes, and the proceeds so allocated are accounted for as a convertible note embedded derivative liability and warrant liability, respectively, and second, the remainder of the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes is allocated to the convertible notes, resulting in an original debt discount amounting to $4,916. The convertible notes will remain on the consolidated balance sheet at historical cost, accreted up for the amount of cumulative amortization of the debt discount over the life of the debt. The method of determining the fair value of the convertible note embedded derivative liability and warrant liability are described subsequently in this note. Market risk associated with the convertible note embedded derivative liability and warrant liability relates to the potential reduction in fair value and negative impact to future earnings from an increase in price of the Company's common stock. Please refer to Note 11 "Debt" for more information. The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, such as cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. As of March 31, 2017, the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities are presented below at fair value and were classified within the fair value hierarchy as follows (in thousands): Financial Liabilities Convertible note embedded derivative liability Warrant liability Total Convertible Note Embedded Derivative Liability Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Balance as of March 31, 2017 $ — $ — $ 3,218 $ $ — $ — $ 1,076 $ $ — $ — $ 4,294 $ 3,218 1,076 4,294 On September 28, 2016, the Company sold to an investment bank (the "Initial Purchaser"), $16,000 principal amount of 8.75% convertible notes maturing on September 23, 2020 (the “Notes”), unless converted, repurchased, or redeemed in accordance with their terms prior to such date. We evaluated the terms and features of our convertible notes and identified embedded derivatives (conversion options that contain “make-whole interest” provisions, fundamental change provisions, or down round conversion price adjustment provisions; collectively called the "convertible note embedded derivative liability") requiring bifurcation and accounting at fair value because the economic and contractual characteristics of the embedded derivatives met the criteria for bifurcation and separate accounting. ASC 815-10-15-83 (c) states that if terms implicitly or explicitly require or permit net settlement, then it can readily be settled net by means outside the contract, or it provides for delivery of an asset that puts the recipient in a position not substantially different from net settlement. The conversion features related to the convertible notes consists of a “make-whole interest” provision, fundamental change provision, and down round conversion price adjustment provisions, which if the convertible notes were to be converted, would put the convertible note holder in a position not substantially different from net settlement. Given this fact pattern, the conversion features meet the definition of embedded derivatives and require bifurcation and accounting at fair value. The convertible note embedded derivative liability represent the fair value of the conversion option, fundamental change provision, and "make-whole" provisions, as well as the down round conversion price adjustment or conversion rate adjustment provisions of the convertible notes. There is no current observable market for these types of derivatives and, as such, the Company determined the fair value of the derivative liability using a lattice approach that incorporates a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. A Monte Carlo simulation valuation model considers the Company's future stock price, stock price volatility, probability of a change of control and the trading information of the Company's common stock into which the notes are or may become convertible. The Company marks the derivative liability to market at the end of each reporting period due to the conversion price not being indexed to the Company's own stock. Changes in the fair value of the convertible note embedded derivative liability is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as “Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability.” 91 The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the convertible note embedded derivative liability measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Balance at September 28, 2016 (inception of issuance of the Notes) Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Balance at March 31, 2017 $ $ Level 3 3,693 (475 ) 3,218 Due to the valuation of the derivative liability being highly sensitive to the trading price of the Company's stock, the increase and decrease in the trading price of the Company's stock has the impact of increasing the (loss) and gain, respectively. Due to the Company's closing stock price decreasing during the days of September 28, 2016 (inception of issuance of the Notes) to March 31, 2017 with a decrease from $0.99 to $0.94, this had the impact during the year ended March 31, 2017 of recording a gain from change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability of $475. The market-based assumptions and estimates used in valuing the convertible note embedded derivative liability include amounts in the following amounts: Stock price volatility Probability of change in control Stock price (per share) Expected term Risk-free rate (1) Assumed early conversion/exercise price (per share) March 31, 2017 70 % 1.75 % $0.94 3.50 years 1.59 % $2.73 (1) The Monte Carlo simulation assumes the continuously compounded equivalent (CCE) interest rate of 1.0% based on the average of the 3-year and 5-year U.S. Treasury securities as of the valuation date. Changes in valuation assumptions can have a significant impact on the valuation of the convertible note embedded derivative liability. For example, all other things being equal, a decrease/ increase in our stock price, probability of change of control, or stock price volatility decreases/increases the valuation of the liabilities, whereas a decrease/increase in risk-free interest rates increases/decreases the valuation of the liabilities. Warrant Liability The Company issued detachable warrants with the convertible notes issued on September 28, 2016. The Company accounts for its warrants issued in accordance with US GAAP accounting guidance under ASC 815 applicable to derivative instruments, which requires every derivative instrument within its scope to be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Based on this guidance, the Company determined that these warrants did not meet the criteria for classification as equity. Accordingly, the Company classified the warrants as long-term liabilities. The warrants are subject to re- measurement at each balance sheet date, with any change in fair value recognized as a component of other income (expense), net in the statements of operations. We estimated the fair value of these warrants at the respective balance sheet dates using a lattice approach that incorporates a Monte Carlo simulation that considers the Company's future stock price. Option pricing models employ subjective factors to estimate warrant liability; and, therefore, the assumptions used in the model are judgmental. Changes in the fair value of the warrant liability is primarily related to the change in price of the underlying common stock of the Company and is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as “Change in fair value of warrant liability.” The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the warrant liability measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Balance at September 28, 2016 (inception of issuance of the Notes) Change in fair value of warrant liability Balance at March 31, 2017 $ $ $ Level 3 1,223 (147 ) 1,076 92 Due to the valuation of the derivative liability being highly sensitive to the trading price of the Company's stock, the increase and decrease in the trading price of the Company's stock has the impact of increasing the (loss) and gain, respectively. Due to the Company's closing stock price decreasing during the days of September 28, 2016 to March 31, 2017 with a decrease from $0.99 to $0.94, this had the impact during the year ended March 31, 2017 of recording a gain from change in fair value of warrant liability of $147. The market-based assumptions and estimates used in valuing the warrant liability include amounts in the following amounts: Stock price volatility Probability of change in control Stock price (per share) Expected term Risk-free rate (1) Assumed early conversion/exercise price (per share) March 31, 2017 70 % 1.75 % $0.94 3.5 years 1.59 % $2.73 (1) The Monte Carlo simulation assumes the continuously compounded equivalent (CCE) interest rate of 1.0% based on the average of the 3-year and 5-year U.S. Treasury securities as of the valuation date. Changes in valuation assumptions can have a significant impact on the valuation of the warrant liability. For example, all other things being equal, a decrease/increase in our stock price, probability of change of control, or stock price volatility decreases/increases the valuation of the liabilities, whereas a decrease/increase in risk-free interest rates increases/decreases the valuation of the liabilities. 6. Accounts Receivable Billed Unbilled Allowance for doubtful accounts Accounts receivable, net March 31, 2017 $ $ 9,367 $ 7,784 (597) 16,554 $ March 31, 2016 13,220 4,763 (464) 17,519 Billed accounts receivable represent amounts billed to customers that have yet to be collected. Unbilled accounts receivable represent revenue recognized, but billed after period end. All unbilled receivables as of March 31, 2017 are expected to be billed and collected within twelve months. The Company recorded $495, $132, and $505 of bad debt expense during the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 respectively. 7. Property and Equipment Computer-related equipment Furniture and fixtures Leasehold improvements Accumulated depreciation Property and equipment, net March 31, 2017 March 31, 2016 $ $ 4,133 $ 116 143 4,392 (2,015) 2,377 $ 2,775 33 74 2,882 (1,098) 1,784 Depreciation expense for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $1,002, $437, and $98, respectively. 93 8. Description of Stock Plans Employee Stock Plan The Company is currently issuing stock awards under the Amended and Restated Digital Turbine, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”), which was approved and adopted by our stockholders by written consent on May 23, 2012. No future grants will be made under the previous plan, the 2007 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”). In the year ended March 31, 2015, in connection with the acquisition of Appia, the Company assumed the Appia, Inc. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Appia Plan”). The 2011 Plan and 2007 Plan are collectively referred to as “Digital Turbine’s Incentive Plans.” Digital Turbine’s Incentive Plans and the Appia Plan are all collectively referred to as the “Stock Plans.” The 2011 Plan provides for grants of stock-based incentive awards to our and our subsidiaries’ officers, employees, non- employee directors and consultants. Awards issued under the 2011 Plan can include stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock and restricted stock units (sometimes referred to individually or collectively as “Awards”). Stock options may be either “incentive stock options” (“ISOs”), as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or non- qualified stock options (“NQSOs”). The 2011 Plan reserves 20,000,000 shares for issuance, of which 9,665,123 and 11,886,707 remained available for future grants as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The change over the comparative period represents stock option grants, stock option forfeitures/cancellations, and restricted shares of common stock of 4,271,523, 2,381,302, and 331,363, respectively. Stock Option Agreements Stock options granted under the Company’s Incentive Plans typically vest over a three to four years period. These options, which are granted with option exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, generally expire up to ten years from the date of grant. In the year ended March 31, 2015, in connection the Appia acquisition, the Company exchanged stock options previously granted under the Appia Plan for options to purchase the shares of the Company’s common stock. These assumed Appia options typically vest over a period of four years and generally expire within ten years from the date of grant. Compensation expense for all stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Stock Option Activity The following table summarizes stock option activity for the Stock Plans during the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: Options Outstanding, March 31, 2015 Granted Forfeited / Canceled Exercised Options Outstanding, March 31, 2016 Granted Forfeited / Canceled Exercised Options Outstanding, March 31, 2017 Vested and expected to vest (net of estimated forfeitures) at March 31, 2017 (a) Exercisable, March 31, 2017 Number of Shares 5,789,758 3,959,150 (1,857,830) (66,683) 7,824,395 4,271,523 (2,378,523) 18,383 9,735,778 Weighted Average Exercise Price (per share) Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) 4.65 2.05 3.37 0.77 3.61 0.82 2.90 0.64 2.56 8.35 1,319 8.24 110 7.95 801 422 57 (a)For options vested and expected to vest, options exercisable, and options outstanding, the aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between Digital Turbine's closing stock price on March 31, 2017 and the exercise price multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had the holders exercised their options on March 31, 2017. The intrinsic value changes based on changes in the price of Digital Turbine's common stock. 7,167,283 3,557,304 3.09 4.75 7.44 5.79 94 Information about options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2017 is as follows: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Life (Years) Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price $0.00 - 0.50 $0.51 - 1.00 $1.01 - 1.50 $1.51 - 2.00 $2.01 - 2.50 $2.51 - 3.00 $3.51 - 4.00 $4.01 - 4.50 $4.51 - 5.00 $5.01 and over 7,652 $ 3,286,153 2,501,351 223,834 253,779 994,616 1,062,661 875,732 60,000 470,000 $ 9,735,778 0.24 0.70 1.32 1.51 2.43 2.61 3.95 4.14 4.65 16.32 2.99 9.49 8.97 8.09 3.83 7.15 6.77 6.22 5.99 1.76 7,652 $ 184,995 333,315 101,000 203,779 758,799 792,893 663,621 60,000 451,250 $ 3,557,304 0.24 0.66 1.24 1.51 2.42 2.63 3.95 4.14 4.65 16.75 Other information pertaining to stock options for the Stock Plans is as follows: Total fair value of options vested Total intrinsic value of options exercised (a) Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ $ 3,519 $ 10 $ 5,288 $ 3 $ 3,155 71 (a) The total intrinsic value of options exercised represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the stock price at exercise and the exercise price multiplied by the number of options exercised) that was received by the option holders who exercised their options during the fiscal year. During the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company granted options to purchase 4,271,523, 3,959,150, and 3,124,200 shares of its common stock, respectively, to employees with weighted-average grant-date fair value of $0.82, $1.60, and $3.44 respectively. At March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, there was $5,038, $9,377, and $11,492 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested stock options expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years, 2.6 years, and 2.4 years, respectively. Valuation of Awards For stock options granted under Digital Turbine’s Incentive Plans, Digital Turbine Inc. typically uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options at grant date. The Black-Scholes option pricing model incorporates various assumptions, including volatility, expected term risk-free interest rates, and dividend yields. The fair value of options assumed under the Appia Plan was estimated as of the March 6, 2015 closing date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions utilized in this model during fiscal 2017 and 2016 are presented below. Risk-free interest rate Expected life of the options Expected volatility Expected dividend yield Expected forfeitures Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 1.34% to 2.38% 5.69 to 9.84 years 73% to 130% —% 10% to 35% 1.37% to 2.27% 5.73 to 10 years 78% to 145% —% 10% to 35% 2015 1.37% to 1.79% 5.73 to 6 years 115% to 145% —% 10% to 35% 95 Expected volatility is based on a blend of implied and historical volatility of Digital Turbine's common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of Digital Turbine’s stock options. Digital Turbine uses this blend of implied and historical volatility, as well as other economic data, because management believes such volatility is more representative of prospective trends. The expected term of an award is based on historical experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock awards granted to employees. Total stock compensation expense for the Company’s equity plans, which includes both stock options, restricted stock, and warrants issued is included in the following statements of operations components. See Note 13 Capital Stock Transactions regarding restricted stock. Product development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total 9. Goodwill Year Ended March 31, 2017 2016 2015 $ $ — $ — 4,156 4,156 $ — $ — 5,963 5,963 $ — — 6,340 6,340 A reconciliation of the changes to the Company’s carrying amount of goodwill for the periods or as of the dates indicated: Goodwill as of March 31, 2014 Adjustments Goodwill as of March 31, 2015 Adjustments Goodwill as of March 31, 2016 Adjustments Goodwill as of March 31, 2017 Content $ 3,772 $ 1,472 5,244 $ — 5,244 — 5,244 $ O&O A&P Total 1,065 $ 41,203 42,268 $ — 42,268 — — $ 29,235 29,235 $ (126) 29,109 — 42,268 $ 29,109 $ 4,837 71,910 76,747 (126) 76,621 — 76,621 $ $ Fair value is defined under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” The Company considered the income and market approaches to derive an opinion of value. Under the income approach, the Company utilized the discounted cash flow method, and under the market approach, consideration was given to the guideline public company method, the merger and acquisition method, and the market capitalization method. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is allocated to our reporting units based on relative fair value of the future benefit of the purchased operations to our existing business units as well as the acquired business unit. Reporting units may be operating segments as a whole or an operation one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. Our reporting units are consistent with the operating segments identified in Part I, Item 1 under the section “Business” of this Form 10-K. We perform an annual impairment assessment in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit in which goodwill resides is less than its carrying value. For reporting units in which this assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired and we are not required to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. Qualitative factors considered in this assessment include industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, and other relevant events and factors affecting the reporting unit. 96 For reporting units in which the impairment assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying value, we perform the first step of the goodwill impairment test, which compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that unit, goodwill is not considered impaired and we are not required to perform additional analysis. If the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If we determine during the second step that the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, we record an impairment loss equal to the difference. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The goodwill impairment test we utilized in the fourth quarter ended March 31, 2017 utilized an income method to estimate a reporting unit’s fair value. The Company believes that the income method is the best method of determining fair value for our Company. The income method is based on a discounted future cash flow approach that uses the following reporting unit estimates: revenue, based on assumed growth rates; estimated costs; and appropriate discount rates based on a reporting unit's weighted average cost of capital as determined by considering the observable weighted average cost of capital of comparable companies. We test the reasonableness of the inputs and outcomes of our discounted cash flow analysis against available comparable market data and against the Company’s market capitalization value which includes a control premium estimate. A reporting unit’s carrying value represents the assignment of various assets and liabilities. Based on the analysis performed for fiscal 2017 all goodwill reporting units have an estimated fair value in excess of their respective carrying values. The estimated fair values of the three goodwill reporting units exceeded their carrying values by over 10%. As a result of all goodwill reporting units having an estimated fair value in excess of their respective carrying values, the second step of the goodwill impairment test was not necessary. In the year ended March 31, 2016, the Company adjusted the purchase price allocation of DTM due to the finalization of the working capital adjustment, which resulted in a net decrease in goodwill of $126. In the year ended March 31, 2015, the Company finalized the purchase price allocation of MIA, which resulted in an adjustment to goodwill of $1,472, and acquired XYO and Appia, Inc. which resulted in an increase in goodwill of $1,000 and $69,438, respectively. 10. Intangible Assets We make judgments about the recoverability of purchased finite-lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. Recoverability of finite-lived intangible assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate. We perform an annual impairment assessment in the fourth quarter of each year for indefinite-lived intangible assets, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate. If we determine that an individual asset is impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. The assumptions and estimates used to determine future values and remaining useful lives of our intangible and other long- lived assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by various factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our forecasts. We complete our annual impairment tests in the fourth quarter of each year unless events or circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, we determined that certain intellectual property acquired through the XYO acquisition was fully impaired as the Company is currently recognizing no revenue and has no foreseeable future plans to utilize the technology. As such, the Company will record an impairment charge to intangible assets amounting to the net book value of $757 as of March 31, 2017. There were no other indications of impairment present during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. 97 There were no indicators of impairment during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, the Company determined there was a need to accelerate amortization expense by $224 due to the Company's decision to stop using the Appia trade name, rename, and re-brand the trademarks acquired through the Appia acquisition. There were no other indications of impairment present during the period ended March 31, 2015. The components of intangible assets as at March 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows: Software Trade name / trademark Customer list License agreements Total Software Trade name / trademark Customer list License agreements Total As of March 31, 2017 Accumulated Amortization Cost Net $ $ $ $ 11,544 $ 380 11,300 355 23,579 $ (8,191) $ (380) (10,152) (291) (19,014) $ As of March 31, 2016 Accumulated Amortization Cost 11,544 $ 380 11,300 355 23,579 $ (4,949) $ (380) (5,534) (226) (11,089) $ 3,353 — 1,148 64 4,565 Net 6,595 — 5,766 129 12,490 The Company has included amortization of acquired intangible assets directly attributable to revenue-generating activities in cost of revenues. The Company has included amortization of acquired intangible assets not directly attributable to revenue-generating activities in operating expenses. During the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company recorded amortization expense in the amount of $7,168, $10,537, and $2,010, respectively. Included in the $10,537 amortization expense recorded during the year ended March 31, 2016 is $2,404 of amortization expense recorded for customer relationship intangible assets related to a customer relationship the Company terminated from our September 2012 acquisition of Logia Mobile Ltd. Based on the amortizable intangible assets as of March 31, 2017, we estimate amortization expense for the next five years to be as follows: For the Twelve Month Period Ending March 31, Amortization Expense 2,272 1,375 114 114 114 576 4,565 2018 $ 2019 2020 2021 2022 $ 98 Thereafter Total Below is a summary of intangible assets: Balance as of March 31, 2014 Amortization of intangibles Purchase price allocation adjustment Acquisition of XYO Acquisition of Appia Capitalized developed software Balance as of March 31, 2015 Amortization of intangibles Customer relationship intangible asset write-off Reduction in software intangibles related to Sift transaction Balance as of March 31, 2016 Amortization of intangibles XYO intangible asset impairment Balance as of March 31, 2017 11. Debt Short-term debt Revolving line of credit, principal Secured debenture, net of issuance costs and discounts of $0 and $568, respectively Total short-term debt Long-term debt Convertible notes, net of issuance costs and discounts of $6,315 and $0, respectively 99 Intangible Assets 9,074 (2,010) (1,472) 1,500 17,780 64 24,936 (8,168) (2,404) (1,874) 12,490 (7,168) (757) 4,565 $ March 31, 2017 March 31, 2016 — — — $ 3,000 7,432 10,432 $ March 31, 2017 March 31, 2016 $ 9,685 $ — Convertible Notes On September 28, 2016, the Company sold to the Initial Purchaser, $16,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.75% convertible notes maturing on September 23, 2020, unless converted, repurchased or redeemed in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The $16,000 aggregate principal received from the issuance of the Notes was initially allocated between long-term debt at $11,084, the convertible note embedded derivative liability at $3,693 (see Note 5. "Fair Value Measurements" for more information), and the warrant liability at $1,223 (see Note 8. "Fair Value Measurements" for more information), within the consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the liability. Fair value of the Notes is determined using the residual method of accounting whereby, first, a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes is allocated to derivatives embedded in the Notes and the warrants issued in connection with the issuance of the Notes, and the proceeds so allocated are accounted for as a convertible note embedded derivative liability and warrant liability, respectively (see Note 8. "Fair Value Measurements for more information), and second, the remainder of the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes is allocated to the convertible notes, resulting in an original issue debt discount amounting to $4,916. As of the close of the issuance of the Notes on September 28, 2016, the Company incurred $1,700 in debt issuance costs directly related to the issuance of the Notes, which in accordance with ASU 2015-03, the Company has recorded these costs as a direct reduction to the face value of the Notes and will amortize this amount over the life of the Notes as a component of interest expense on the consolidated statement of operation and comprehensive loss. During the remainder of fiscal 2017, the Company further incurred $234 in costs directly associated with the issuance of the Notes, for the preparation and filing of the registration statement on Form S-1 to register the underlying common stock related to the Notes issued and related Warrants issued along with the Notes, which was required to be done in accordance with the Indenture (as defined below). The convertible notes will remain on the consolidated balance sheet at historical cost, accreted up for the amount of cumulative amortization of the debt discount over the life of the debt. If we or the note holders elect not to settle the debt through conversion, we must settle the Notes at face value at $16,000. Therefore, the liability component will be accreted up to the face value of the Notes, which will result in additional non-cash interest expense being recognized within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss through the Notes maturity date. As of March 31, 2017, the outstanding principal on the Notes was $16,000, the unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount in aggregate was $6,315, and the net carrying amount of the Notes was $9,685, which was recorded as long-term debt within the consolidated balance sheet. Inclusive of the Notes issued on September 28, 2016 and the NAC subordinated debenture which was retired in full on September 28, 2016, the Company recorded $1,256 and $679 of aggregate debt discount and debt issuance cost amortization during the twelve months ended March 31, 2017, and 2016 respectively, Inclusive of the Notes issued on September 28, 2016 and the NAC subordinated debenture which was retired in full on September 28, 2016, the Company recorded $2,628 and $1,816 of interest expense during the twelve months ended March 31, 2017, and 2016 respectively. The Company sold the Notes to the Initial Purchaser at a purchase price of 92.75% of the principal amount. The initial purchaser also received an additional 250,000 warrants on the same terms as the warrants issued with the Notes (as detailed below) and has the right to receive 2.5% of any cash consideration received by the Company in connection with a future exercise of any of the warrants issued with the Notes. The Notes were issued under an Indenture dated September 28, 2016, as amended on January 31, 2017 (the "Indenture"), between Digital Turbine, Inc., US Bank National Association, as trustee, and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, specifically Digital Turbine, Inc. as the parent Company, DT USA, DT Media, and DT APAC (collectively referred to as the "Guarantors"). The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company, and bear interest at a rate of 8.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on March 15th and September 15th of each year, beginning on March 15, 2017. The Notes are unconditionally guaranteed by the Guarantors as to the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on a senior unsecured basis. The Notes were issued with an initial conversion price equal to $1.364 per share of the Company's common stock, subject to proportional adjustment for adjustments to outstanding common stock and anti-dilution provisions in case of dividends or distributions, stock split or combination, or if the Company issues or sells shares of common stock at a price per share less than the conversion price on the trading day immediately preceding such issuance of sale. As described in Note 21, Subsequent Events, the conversion price is subject to change related to the modification to the Indenture made in connection with the solicitation of consents to incur the Bridge Bank credit facility. With respect to any conversion prior to September 23, 2019, in addition to the shares deliverable upon conversion, holders of the Notes will be entitled to receive a payment equal to the remaining scheduled payments of interest that would have been made on the notes being converted from the date of conversion until September 23, 2019 (an “Early Conversion Payment”). We may pay the Early Conversion Payment in cash or, subject to certain equity-related conditions set forth in the Indenture, in shares of our common stock. 100 The Company may redeem the Notes, for cash, in whole or in part, at any time after September 23, 2018, at a redemption price equal to $1 per $1 principal amount of the notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of redemption, plus an additional payment (payable in cash or stock) equivalent to the amount of, and subject to equivalent terms and conditions applicable for, an Early Conversion Payment had the notes been converted on the date of redemption, if (1) the closing price of our common shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market has exceeded 200% of the conversion price then in effect (but disregarding the effect on such price from certain anti-dilution adjustments) for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending within the five trading days immediately preceding the date on which we provide the redemption notice, (2) for the 15 consecutive trading days following the last trading day on which the closing price of our common shares was equal to or greater than 200% of the conversion price in effect (but disregarding the effect on such price from certain anti-dilution adjustments) on such trading day for the purpose of the foregoing clause, the closing price of our common shares remains equal to or greater than 150% of the conversion price in effect (but disregarding the effect on such price from certain anti-dilution adjustments) on the given trading day and (3) we are in compliance with certain other equity-related conditions as set forth in the Indenture. If we undergo a fundamental change (as described below), holders may require us to purchase the Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to 120% of the principal amount of the Notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest, including additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date. Conversions that occur in connection with a fundamental change may entitle the holder to receive an increased number of shares of common stock issuable upon such conversion, depending on the date of such fundamental change and the valuation of the Company’s common stock related thereto. A fundamental change is defined as follows: • • • • a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act other than the Company, the Company’s Subsidiaries or the Company’s or the Company’s Subsidiaries’ employee benefit plans files a Schedule TO or any schedule, form or report under the Exchange Act disclosing that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner,” as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of the Company’s common equity representing more than 50% of the voting power of all outstanding classes of the Company’s common equity entitled to vote generally in the election of the Company’s directors; consummation of (A) any share exchange, consolidation or merger involving the Company pursuant to which the Common Stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property or (B) any sale, lease or other transfer in one transaction or a series of transactions of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and the Company’s Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person other than one or more of the Company’s Subsidiaries; provided, however, that a share exchange, consolidation or merger transaction described in clause (A) above in which the holders of more than 50% of all shares of Common Stock entitled to vote generally in the election of the Company’s directors immediately prior to such transaction own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of all shares of Common Stock entitled to vote generally in the election of the directors of the continuing or surviving entity or the parent entity thereof immediately after such transaction in substantially the same proportions (relative to each other) as such ownership immediately prior to such transaction will not, in either case, be a Fundamental Change; the Company’s shareholders approve any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or the Common Stock (or other Capital Stock into which the Notes are then convertible pursuant to the terms of this Indenture) ceases to be listed on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market, The NASDAQ Global Market, The NASDAQ Capital Market or The NYSE MKT (or their respective successors) (each, an “Eligible Market ”). Subject to limited exceptions, the Indenture prohibits us from incurring additional indebtedness at any time while the Notes remain outstanding. In connection with the Bridge Bank credit facility (See Note 21, Subsequent Events), we received consents from the requisite holders to incur up to $5 million of secured debt. Each purchaser of the Notes also received warrants to purchase 256.60 shares of the Company's common stock for each $1 in Notes purchased, or up to 4,105,600 warrants in aggregate, in addition to the 250,000 warrants issued to the initial purchaser, as described above. The warrants were issued under a Warrant Agreement (the "Warrant Agreement"), dated as of September 28, 2016, between Digital Turbine, Inc. and US Bank National Association, as the warrant agent. In connection with soliciting consents for the Bridge Bank credit facility, we also agreed to modify the exercise price of the warrants. See Note 21, Subsequent Events. 101 The warrants are immediately exercisable on the date of issuance at an initial exercise price of $1.364 per share and will expire on September 23, 2020. The exercise price is subject to proportional adjustment for adjustments to outstanding common stock and anti-dilution provisions in case of dividends or distributions, stock split or combination, or if the Company issues or sells shares of common stock at a price per share less than the conversion price on the trading day immediately preceding such issuance of sale. Certain caps on the number of shares that could be issued under the Notes and the Warrants were effectively lifted by our stockholders approving the full issuance of all potentially issuable shares at our January 2017 annual meeting of stockholders. However, as a result of the modification of our indenture for the Notes and related modification of the warrant agreement in connection with soliciting consent for incurrence of our May 2017 Bridge Bank credit facility (see Note 21, Subsequent Events), the January 2017 stockholder approval no longer applies and we would need to receive a new stockholder approval in order to issue the full amount of shares of our stock that could ultimately be issuable under the indenture for the Notes and the warrant agreement. We are required to seek such stockholder approval. In the event of a fundamental change, as set forth in the Warrant Agreement, the holders can elect to exercise their warrants or to receive an amount of cash under a Black-Scholes calculation of the value of such warrants. The Company received net cash proceeds of $14,316, after deducting the Initial Purchaser's discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by Digital Turbine. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes were used to repay $11,000 of secured indebtedness, consisting of approximately $3,000 to SVB and $8,000 to NAC, retiring both such debts in their entirety, and will otherwise be used for general corporate purposes and working capital. On July 15, 2016, prior to the payoff of the $8,000 debt with NAC, DTM and North Atlantic entered into a Fourth Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated March 6, 2015, where DTM agreed to pay NAC the amount of $75 as consideration to extend the warrant vesting date (the "Retirement Date") to August 29, 2016. On August 12, 2016, prior to the payoff of the $3,000 debt with SVB, DTM and SVB entered into a Letter Agreement modifying amending the Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated June 11, 2015, whereby the Company agreed to pay SVB the amount of $15 as consideration to extend the maturity date of the debt to September 28, 2016. On August 26, 2016, prior to the payoff of the $8,000 debt with NAC, DTM and North Atlantic entered into a Fifth Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated March 6, 2015, where DTM agreed to pay North Atlantic the amount of $50 as consideration to extend the Retirement Date to September 28, 2016. 12. Related-Party Transactions On December 28, 2015, DT Media entered into a license agreement with respect to certain of DTM’s intellectual property assets with Sift, a venture-back start up founded by a former director of the Company, in exchange for 9.9% of Sift’s newly-issued Preferred Stock and a cash payment of $1,000. On December 28, 2016, the Company sold the cost method investment in Sift back to the current owners of Sift for cash proceeds of $999. In association with the sale of the investment, Bill Stone, CEO of Digital Turbine, stepped down from his position as a Director of Sift. In fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, during the nine months ended December 31, 2016, or the period in which the Company had a related party relationship with Sift, the Company had revenue share expense with Sift of approximately $346. The Company recorded no revenue share expense to Sift during fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. 13. Capital Stock Transactions Preferred Stock There are 2,000,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Series A”), authorized and 100,000 shares issued and outstanding, which are currently convertible into 20,000 shares of common stock. The Series A holders are entitled to: (1) vote on an equal per share basis as common stock, (2) dividends paid to the common stock holders on an as if-converted basis and (3) a liquidation preference equal to the greater of $10 per share of Series A (subject to adjustment) or such amount that would have been paid to the common stock holders on an as if-converted basis. 102 Common Stock and Warrants In April 2016, the Company issued 930 shares of common stock for the exercise of options assumed by the Company as part of the acquisition of DT Media (Appia, Inc.) during March 2015. In June 2016, the Company issued 3,282 shares of common stock for the exercise of options assumed by the Company as part of the acquisition of DT Media (Appia, Inc.) during March 2015. In June 2016, the Company issued 30,000 warrants to a third party for services rendered. The warrants are immediately exercisable on the date of issuance at an initial exercise price of $1.08 per share and will expire on June 9, 2021. In July 2016, the Company issued 13,826 shares of common stock for the exercise of options assumed by the Company as part of the acquisition of DT Media (Appia, Inc.) during March 2015. In January 2017, the Company issued 345 shares of common stock for the exercise of options assumed by the Company as part of the acquisition of DT Media (Appia, Inc.) during March 2015. In September 2016, in connection with the issuance of the Notes, the Company issued 250,000 and 4,105,600 warrants to the initial purchaser and holders of the Notes, respectively. The warrants are immediately exercisable on the date of issuance at an initial exercise price of $1.364 per share and will expire on September 23, 2020. The exercise price is subject to proportional adjustment for adjustments to outstanding common stock and anti-dilution provisions in case of dividends or distributions, stock split or combination, or if the Company issues or sells shares of common stock at a price per share less than the conversion price on the trading day immediately preceding such issuance of sale. Refer to Note 8 "Fair Value Measurements" and Note 11 "Debt" for more details. The following table provides activity for warrants issued and outstanding during the year ended March 31, 2017: Number of Warrants Outstanding Weighted-Average Exercise Price Outstanding as of March 31, 2016 Issued Expired Outstanding as of March 31, 2017 2,085,356 4,385,600 (1,467,143 ) 5,003,813 2.78 1.36 2.49 1.62 With respect to warrants for services rendered, the Company expensed $19 during the year ended March 31, 2017, and recorded no warrant expense during the year ended March 31, 2016. Restricted Stock Agreements From time to time, the Company enters into restricted stock agreements (“RSAs”) with certain employees and consultants. The RSAs have performance conditions, market conditions, time conditions or a combination thereof. In some cases, once the stock vests, the individual is restricted from selling the shares of stock for a certain defined period, from three months to two years, depending on the terms of the RSA. As reported in our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 12, 2014 and June 25, 2014, the Company adopted a Board Member Equity Ownership Policy that supersedes any post-vesting lock-up in RSAs that are applicable to people covered by the policy, which includes the Company’s Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer. Service and Time Condition RSAs On various dates during the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company issued 331,363, 233,928, and 267,195 restricted shares, respectively, with vesting criteria based on both service and time conditions. In August 2016, the Company issued 331,363 restricted shares to its directors for services. The shares vest over one year. For accounting purposes, the Company determined the grant date fair value to be $1.10 per share which is the closing price of the Company's stock price on August 1, 2016. Subsequently, 39,545 unvested shares were canceled related to the voluntary departure of one of our directors. 103 With respect to service and time condition RSAs, during the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company expensed $379, $867, and $956 related to time condition RSAs, respectively. As of March 31, 2017, 139,318 remain unvested. The following is a summary of restricted stock awards and activities for all vesting conditions for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were as follows: Unvested restricted stock outstanding as of March 31, 2015 Granted Vested Cancelled Unvested restricted stock outstanding as of March 31, 2016 Granted Vested Cancelled Unvested restricted stock outstanding as of March 31, 2017 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value 642,343 $ 233,928 (288,220) (478,005) 110,046 331,363 (262,546) (39,545) 139,318 $ 3.04 1.47 2.97 2.82 1.45 1.10 1.23 1.10 1.10 All restricted shares, vested and unvested, cancellable and not cancelled, have been included in the outstanding shares as of March 31, 2017. At March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, there was $103 and $159, respectively, of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested restricted stock awards expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 0.33 and 0.34 years, respectively. 14. Net Loss per Common Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase, and excludes any dilutive effects of employee stock-based awards in periods where the Company has net losses. Because the Company had net losses for the twelve months ended March 31, 2017, all potentially dilutive shares of common stock were determined to be anti-dilutive, and accordingly, were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share. The following table sets forth the computation of net loss per share of common stock (in thousands, except per share amounts): Net loss from operations, net of taxes Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted Basic and diluted net loss per common share Common stock equivalents excluded from net loss per diluted share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive 15. Employee Benefit Plans Years Ended March 31, 2017 (24,264) $ 66,511 2016 (28,032) $ 61,763 (0.36) $ (0.46) $ 2015 (24,647) 38,967 (0.63) $ $ 825,675 1,438,355 1,574,372 The Company has a qualified contributory retirement plan under section 401(k) of the IRC covering full-time eligible employees. Employees may voluntarily contribute eligible compensation up to the annual IRS limit. During the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 the Company made no matching contributions. 104 16. Income Taxes The provision (benefit) for income taxes by taxing jurisdiction was as follows: Year Ended March 31, 2017 Year Ended March 31, 2016 Current U.S. federal Current state and local Current non-U.S. Total current Deferred U.S. federal Deferred state and local Deferred non-U.S. Total deferred Total income tax provision $ $ — $ 17 (24) (7) — — (137) (137) (144) $ Year Ended March 31, 2015 — 25 324 349 — — 398 398 747 — $ — 270 270 — — (56) (56) 214 $ A reconciliation of income tax expense using the statutory U.S. income tax rate compared with the actual income tax provision follows: Statutory federal income taxes State income taxes, net of federal benefit Non-deductible expenses Rate change Change in uncertain tax liability Change in valuation allowance Return-to-provision adjustments Income tax provision / (benefit) Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following: Year Ended March 31, 2017 (8,545) $ 15 (350) (88) 158 8,896 (230) (144) $ Year Ended March 31, 2016 (9,736) $ — 821 (224) (123) 10,106 (630) 214 $ Year Ended March 31, 2015 (8,365) 17 2,171 — 324 6,600 — 747 $ $ Deferred income tax assets Net operating loss carryforward Stock-based compensation Credit carryforwards Other Gross deferred income tax assets Valuation allowance Net deferred income tax assets Deferred income tax liabilities Depreciation and amortization Intangibles and goodwill Convertible Debt Other Net deferred income tax assets / (liabilities) Year Ended March 31, 2017 Year Ended March 31, 2016 Year Ended March 31, 2015 $ $ $ 38,012 $ 3,806 98 1,502 43,418 (40,922) 31,840 $ 1,965 129 1,469 35,403 (32,026) 2,496 $ 3,377 $ (1,523) $ (75) (228) (318) (754) $ (1,947) — (175) 25,668 1,270 123 1,324 28,385 (21,920) 6,465 (751) (5,069) — (780) $ 352 $ 501 $ (135) 105 As of March 31, 2017, the Company had net operating loss (NOL) carry-forwards for U.S. federal and state tax of approximately $93,064, Australia federal tax of approximately $6,446, and Israel federal tax of approximately $2,944. The U.S. federal and state NOLs expire between 2028 and 2037, and the Australia and Israel NOLs have an unlimited carryover period. Utilization of the NOLs in the U.S. are subject to annual limitation due to ownership change limitations that may have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as well as similar state and foreign limitations. These ownership changes limit the amount of NOLs that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382 of the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50% percentage points of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders or public groups. As of March 31, 2017, realization of a large portion of the Company’s gross deferred tax assets was not considered more likely than not and, accordingly, a valuation allowance of $40,922 has been provided. During the year ended March 31, 2017, the valuation allowance increased by $8,896. ASC 740 requires the consideration of a valuation allowance, on a jurisdictional basis, to reflect the likelihood of realization of deferred tax assets. Significant management judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. Based on the history of cumulative book and tax losses, a valuation allowance has been recorded for assets that management believes are not more likely than not realizable. ASC 740 provides guidance on the minimum threshold that an uncertain income tax position is required to meet before it can be recognized in the financial statements. ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain income tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the income tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. If it is not more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on its technical merits, no benefit can be recorded. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense on our consolidated statement of income. The Company’s income is subject to taxation in both the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s tax positions and determining its provision for income taxes. The Company establishes liabilities for income tax- related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These liabilities for tax contingencies are established when the Company believes that a tax position is not more likely than not sustainable. The Company adjusts these liabilities in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit or lapse of a statute of limitations. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of uncertain tax liabilities and changes in liabilities that are considered appropriate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 is as follows: Balance at April 1 Additions for tax position of prior years Reductions for tax positions of prior years Balance at March 31 2017 2016 2015 $ $ 783 $ 158 — 941 $ 905 $ — (122) 783 $ 61 844 — 905 Included in the balances at March 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are $941, $783, and $905, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, which would affect the annual effective tax rate if recognized. The Company recognized $52 of expense for interest and penalties on uncertain income tax liabilities in its statement of operations for the year ended March 31, 2017. The Company recognized an interest benefit on uncertain income tax liabilities of $1 and $0 in its statement of operations for the years ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company expects the amount of unrecognized tax benefits to decrease by approximately $140 in the next twelve months. The Company’s U.S. federal, state, and foreign income tax returns generally remain subject to examination for the tax years ended 2013 through 2017. 106 17. Segment and Geographic Information The Company manages its business in three operating segments: Operators and OEMs ("O&O"), Advertisers and Publishers, and Content. The three operating segments have been aggregated into two reportable segments: Advertising and Content. Our chief operating decision maker does not evaluate operating segments using asset information. The Company has considered guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 280 in reaching its conclusion with respect to aggregating its operating segments into two reportable segments. Specifically, the Company has evaluated guidance in ASC 280-10-50-11 and determined that aggregation is consistent with the objectives of ASC 280 in that aggregation into two reportable segments allows users of our financial statements to view the Company’s business through the eyes of management based upon the way management reviews performance and makes decisions. Additional factors that were considered included: whether or not the operating segments have similar economic characteristics, the nature of the products/services under each operating segment, the nature of the production/go-to-market process, the type and geographic location of our customers, and the distribution of our products/services. The Company attributes its long-lived assets, which primarily consist of property and equipment, to a country primarily based on the physical location of the assets. Goodwill and intangibles are not included in this allocation. The following information sets forth segment information on our net revenues and loss from operations for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. During fiscal 2016 the Company changed its methodology for how corporate operating expenses are allocated to the Company's Advertising and Content operating segments, as the new method of allocation is deemed by management to be a more accurate representation of how the expenses relate to the operations and development of the Advertising and Content segments. Corporate operating expenses in fiscal 2015 were previously allocated between the Advertising and Content segments based on employee headcount. Corporate operating expenses in fiscal 2016 and 2017 are now being allocated based on the percentage of revenue between Advertising and Content for the Company as a whole. Prior period fiscal 2015 figures presented have been updated to reflect these changes and are comparable to the fiscal 2016 and 2017 figures presented. Year Ended March 31, 2017 Net revenues Loss from operations Year Ended March 31, 2016 Net revenues Loss from operations Year Ended March 31, 2015 Net revenues Loss from operations Content Advertising Total $ $ $ $ $ $ 32,114 $ (4,882) $ 28,765 $ (7,603) $ 22,009 $ (13,300) $ 59,439 $ (17,138) $ 57,776 $ (18,333) $ 6,243 $ (10,437) $ 91,553 (22,020) 86,541 (25,936) 28,252 (23,737) The following table sets forth geographic information on our net revenues and net property and equipment for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. Net revenues by geography are based on the billing addresses of our customers. Net revenues United States and Canada Europe, Middle East, and Africa Asia Pacific and China Mexico, Central America, and South America Consolidated net revenues Property and equipment, net United States & Canada Europe, Middle East, & Africa Asia Pacific & China Mexico, Central America, & South America Consolidated property and equipment, net Year ended March 31, 2017 2016 2015 31,158 $ 13,843 44,189 2,363 91,553 $ 1,916 $ 73 388 — 2,377 $ 28,813 $ 15,587 41,661 480 86,541 $ 1,376 $ 94 314 — 1,784 $ 5,976 2,202 20,074 — 28,252 289 32 293 — 614 $ $ $ $ 107 18. Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Financial Statements On September 28, 2016, the Company sold to the Initial Purchaser, $16,000 principal amount of 8.75% convertible notes maturing on September 23, 2020, unless converted, repurchased or redeemed in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The Notes were issued under the Indenture, between Digital Turbine, Inc., US Bank National Association, as trustee, and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, specifically Digital Turbine, Inc. as the parent Company, DT USA, DT Media, and DT APAC. Given the Notes are unconditionally guaranteed as to the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on a senior unsecured basis by four of the wholly- owned subsidiaries of the Company, the Company is required by SEC Reg S-X 210.3-10 to include, in a footnote, condensed consolidating financial information for the same periods with a separate column for: • • The parent company; The subsidiary guarantors on a combined basis; • Any other subsidiaries of the parent company on a combined • • basis; Consolidating adjustments; and The total consolidated amounts. The following consolidated financial information and condensed consolidated financial information include: (1) Condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016; consolidated statements of operations and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015; of (a) Digital Turbine, Inc. as the parent, (b) the guarantor subsidiaries, (c) the non-guarantor subsidiaries, and (d) Digital Turbine, Inc. on a consolidated basis; and (2) Elimination entries necessary to consolidate Digital Turbine, Inc., as the parent, with its guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries. Digital Turbine, Inc. owns 100% of all of the guarantor subsidiaries, and as a result, in accordance with Rule 3-10(d) of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC, no separate financial statements are required for these subsidiaries as of and for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, or 2015. 108 Digital Turbine, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) ASSETS Current assets Cash Restricted cash Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $597 Deposits Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Deferred tax assets Intangible assets, net Goodwill TOTAL ASSETS INTERCOMPANY Intercompany payable/receivable, net LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable Accrued license fees and revenue share Accrued compensation Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Convertible notes, net of debt issuance costs and discounts of $6,315 Convertible note embedded derivative liability Warrant liability Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Stockholders' equity Preferred stock Series A convertible preferred stock at $0.0001 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized, 100,000 issued and outstanding (liquidation preference of $1,000) Common stock Parent Guarantor Subsidiaries Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidated Total 258 156 — — 282 696 64 352 — — 1,112 5,333 175 15,740 121 226 21,595 2,296 — 2,647 70,377 96,915 558 — 814 — 2 1,374 17 — 1,918 6,244 9,553 6,149 331 16,554 121 510 23,665 2,377 352 4,565 76,621 107,580 123,800 (107,348) (16,452) — 1,023 — 32 794 1,849 9,685 3,218 1,076 695 16,523 18,697 8,312 1,041 510 28,560 — — — 87 28,647 148 217 — — 365 — — — — 365 19,868 8,529 1,073 1,304 30,774 9,685 3,218 1,076 782 45,535 100 — — 100 $0.0001 par value: 200,000,000 shares authorized; 67,329,262 issued and 66,594,806 outstanding at March 31, 2017 Additional paid-in capital Treasury stock (754,599 shares at March 31, 2017) Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated deficit 8 299,580 (71) — (191,228) 108,389 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 124,912 Total stockholders' equity — — — (1,704) (37,376) (39,080) (10,433) — — — 1,383 (8,647) (7,264) (6,899) 8 299,580 (71) (321) (237,251) 62,045 107,580 109 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) ASSETS Current assets Cash Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $464 Deposits Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Cost method investment Deferred tax assets Intangible assets, net Goodwill TOTAL ASSETS INTERCOMPANY Guarantor Subsidiaries Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidated Total Parent 6,712 24 — 331 7,067 53 — 500 — — 7,620 4,466 17,369 80 239 22,154 1,690 999 — 8,660 70,377 103,880 53 126 133 13 325 41 — — 3,830 6,244 10,440 11,231 17,519 213 583 29,546 1,784 999 500 12,490 76,621 121,940 Intercompany payable/receivable, net 111,909 (95,732) (16,177) — LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable Accrued license fees and revenue share Accrued compensation Short-term debt, net of debt issuance costs and discounts of $568 Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Stockholders' equity Preferred stock Series A convertible preferred stock at $0.0001 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized, 100,000 issued and outstanding (liquidation preference of $1,000) Common stock $0.0001 par value: 200,000,000 shares authorized; 67,019,703 issued and 66,284,606 outstanding at March 31, 2016; Additional paid-in capital Treasury stock (754,599 shares at March 31, 2016) Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated deficit Total stockholders' equity TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 1,255 — 455 — — 910 2,620 815 3,435 13,997 9,549 801 10,432 1,237 36,016 — 36,016 48 73 97 — — 218 — 218 15,300 9,622 1,353 10,432 2,147 38,854 815 39,669 100 — — 100 8 295,423 (71) — (179,366) 116,094 — — — (1,368) (26,500) (27,868) — — — 1,166 (7,121) (5,955) 8 295,423 (71) (202) (212,987) 82,271 119,529 8,148 (5,737) 121,940 110 Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss For the year ended March 31, 2017 Guarantor Subsidiaries 121,396 Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Elimination (31,622) 1,779 (dollars in thousands) Net revenues Cost of revenues License fees and revenue share Other direct cost of revenues Total cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses Product development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest and other income / (expense), net Interest expense, net Foreign exchange transaction gain / (loss) Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Change in fair value of warrant liability Loss on extinguishment of debt Other income / (expense) Total interest and other income / (expense), net Loss from operations before income taxes Income tax provision Net loss Other comprehensive income / (loss) Foreign currency translation adjustment Comprehensive loss Parent — — — — — 30 452 11,009 11,491 (11,491) (1,329) — 475 147 — 74 (633) (12,124) (144) (11,980) 101,271 6,027 107,298 14,098 11,923 5,980 5,887 23,790 (9,692) (1,299) (85) — — (293) (67) (1,744) (11,436) — (11,436) — (11,980) (336) (11,772) 111 Consolidated Total 91,553 70,252 7,938 78,190 13,363 12,035 6,537 16,811 35,383 (22,020) (2,628) (88) 475 147 (293) (1) (2,388) (24,408) (144) (24,264) (119) (24,383) 603 1,911 2,514 (735) 82 105 (85) 102 (837) — (3) — — — (8) (11) (848) — (848) 217 (631) (31,622) — (31,622) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss For the year ended March 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Net revenues Cost of revenues License fees and revenue share Other direct cost of revenues Total cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses Product development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest and other income / (expense), net Interest income / (expense), net Foreign exchange transaction gain / (loss) Gain / (loss) on disposal of fixed assets Other income / (expense) Total interest and other income / (expense), net Loss from operations before income taxes Income tax provision Net loss Other comprehensive income / (loss) Foreign currency translation adjustment Comprehensive loss Parent — — — — — (582) 46 11,457 10,921 (10,921) 1 (5) (24) 41 13 (10,908) 130 (11,038) (11,038) 112 Guarantor Subsidiaries 103,630 Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Elimination (17,305) 216 83,386 9,775 93,161 10,469 11,043 5,876 6,670 23,589 (13,120) (1,722) (18) (47) (105) (1,892) (15,012) (27) (14,985) (69) (15,054) 104 762 866 (650) 522 145 578 1,245 (1,895) (95) (6) 34 64 (3) (1,898) 111 (2,009) (81) (2,090) (17,305) — (17,305) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Consolidated Total 86,541 66,185 10,537 76,722 9,819 10,983 6,067 18,705 35,755 (25,936) (1,816) (29) (37) — (1,882) (27,818) 214 (28,032) (150) (28,182) Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss For the year ended March 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands) Net revenues Cost of revenues License fees and revenue share Other direct cost of revenues Total cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses Product development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest and other income / (expense), net Interest income / (expense), net Foreign exchange transaction gain / (loss) Loss on settlement of debt Gain on disposal of fixed assets Other income / (expense) Total interest and other income / (expense), net Loss from operations before income taxes Income tax provision Net loss Other comprehensive income / (loss) Foreign currency translation adjustment Comprehensive loss Parent Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidated Total — — — — — 232 32 13,683 13,947 (13,947) (117) 4 (247) — 42 (318) (14,265) (147) (14,118) — (14,118) 113 28,028 224 28,252 20,047 1,020 21,067 6,961 7,013 2,436 5,053 14,502 (7,541) 286 29 238 2 (20) 535 (7,006) (774) (6,232) 147 (6,085) 63 990 1,053 (829) 660 465 295 1,420 (2,249) (403) (1) — — 24 (380) (2,629) 1,668 (4,297) — (4,297) 20,110 2,010 22,120 6,132 7,905 2,933 19,031 29,869 (23,737) (234) 32 (9) 2 46 (163) (23,900) 747 (24,647) 147 (24,500) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended March 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Change in allowance for doubtful accounts Amortization of debt discount Amortization of debt issuance costs Accrued interest Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation for services rendered Impairment of intangible assets Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Change in fair value of warrant liability Loss on extinguishment of debt (Increase) / decrease in assets: Restricted cash transferred to / (from) operating cash Accounts receivable Deposits Deferred tax assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets Increase / (decrease) in liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued license fees and revenue share Accrued compensation Other current liabilities Other non-current liabilities Intercompany movement of cash Net cash used in operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Capital expenditures Proceeds from sale of cost method investment in Sift Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Cash received from issuance of convertible notes Repayment of debt obligations Payment of debt issuance costs Options exercised Net cash provided in financing activities Parent Guarantor Subsidiaries Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidated Total (11,980) (11,436) (848) (24,264) 14 — 1,256 — 133 3,748 398 — (475) (147) — (156) 25 — 148 (80) (233) — 575 (1,091) (31) (15,161) (23,057) — 999 999 16,000 — (407) 11 15,604 6,227 68 — — (97) — — — — — 293 (177) 1,533 12 — 142 4,701 (1,236) (759) 714 — 15,789 15,774 (1,595) — (1,595) — (11,000) (1,976) — (12,976) 1,929 65 — — — — — 757 — — — 2 (725) 80 — 11 100 143 (96) (502) — (628) 288 — — — — — — — — 8,170 133 1,256 — 36 3,748 398 757 (475) (147) 293 (331) 833 92 148 73 4,568 (1,093) (280) (879) (31) — (6,995) (1,595) 999 (596) 16,000 (11,000) (2,383) 11 2,628 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash — (336) 217 (119) Net change in cash (6,454) 867 505 (5,082) Cash, beginning of period 6,712 4,466 53 11,231 Cash, end of period 258 5,333 558 6,149 114 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended March 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Change in allowance for doubtful accounts Amortization of debt discount Accrued interest Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation for services rendered Stock issued as settlement of a liability (Increase) / decrease in assets: Restricted cash transferred to / (from) operating cash Accounts receivable Deposits Deferred tax assets Deferred financing costs Prepaid expenses and other current assets Increase / (decrease) in liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued license fees and revenue share Accrued compensation Other liabilities and other items Intercompany movement of cash Net cash used in operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Capital expenditures Net cash proceeds from investment in Sift Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Repayment of debt obligations Options exercised Stock issued for cash in stock offering, net Net cash provided in financing activities Parent Guarantor Subsidiaries Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidated Total (11,038) (14,985) (2,009) (28,032) 9 — 470 — 5,095 867 283 200 (24) 9 (418) — (171) (797) — (1,071) (398) (4,013) (10,997) 10,203 (234) — 12 — — — — (5,044) 5 — — 188 11,789 2,789 1,619 675 (3,054) 3,963 — 875 875 (1,549) — (1,549) — 51 12,627 12,678 (600) — — (600) 762 — — — — — — — (43) (118) — — 40 (3,684) — (1,379) (671) 7,067 (35) — — — — — — — — 10,974 (234) 470 12 5,095 867 283 200 (5,111) (104) (418) — 57 7,308 2,789 (831) (394) — (7,069) (1,549) 875 (674) (600) 51 12,627 12,078 (173) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash — (173) Net change in cash 2,556 1,641 (35) 4,162 Cash, beginning of period 4,156 2,825 88 7,069 Cash, end of period 6,712 4,466 53 11,231 115 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended March 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Parent Guarantor Subsidiaries Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidated Total (14,118) (6,232) (4,297) (24,647) Depreciation and amortization Change in allowance for doubtful accounts Amortization of debt discount Accrued interest Fair value of financing costs related to conversion options Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation for services rendered (Increase) / decrease in assets: Accounts receivable Deposits Deferred tax assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets Increase / (decrease) in liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued license fees and revenue share Accrued compensation Other current liabilities Intercompany movement of cash Net cash used in operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Capital expenditures Settlement of contingent liability Cash used in acquisition of assets Cash acquired with acquisition of subsidiary Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Options exercised Warrants exercised Net cash provided in financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Net change in cash 12 — — — — 5,850 490 — (9) 3,156 (27) 1,323 — 136 2,319 (14,565) (15,433) — (49) (2,125) 1,363 (811) 136 375 511 — (15,733) 1,100 698 34 77 — — — (350) (96) — (142) (1,924) 3,033 278 (7,227) 11,600 849 (67) — — — (67) — — — 131 913 996 — — — — — — (56) 42 — 27 222 (45) (89) 319 2,965 84 — — — — — — — — — 2,108 698 34 77 — 5,850 490 (406) (63) 3,156 (142) (379) 2,988 325 (4,589) — (14,500) (67) (49) (2,125) 1,363 (878) 136 375 511 131 84 (14,736) Cash, beginning of period 19,889 1,912 4 21,805 Cash, end of period 4,156 2,825 88 7,069 116 19. Commitments and Contingencies Operating Lease Obligations The Company leases office facilities and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases expiring in various years through 2024. Following is a summary of future minimum payments under initial terms of leases as of: Year ending March 31, 2018 $ 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total Minimum Lease Payments $ 943 804 959 923 717 1,347 5,693 These amounts do not reflect future escalations for real estate taxes and building operating expenses. Rental expense for continuing operations amounted to $819, $804 and $629, for the years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Other Obligations As of March 31, 2017, the Company was obligated for payments under various employment contracts with initial terms greater than one year at March 31, 2017. Annual payments relating to these commitments at March 31, 2017 are as follows: Year ending March 31, 2019 2018 $ Total Minimum Payments $ 800 150 950 The Company is not obligated for payments beyond fiscal 2018. Legal Matters The Company may be involved in various claims, suits, assessments, investigations, and legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business, including those identified below. The Company accrues a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company reviews these accruals at least quarterly, and adjusts them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained and the Company's views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations, or legal proceedings change, changes in the Company's accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such determination is made. For some matters, the amount of liability is not probable or the amount cannot be reasonably estimated, and therefore, accruals have not been made. The following is a discussion of the Company's significant legal matters and other proceedings. 117 Coral Tell Ltd. Matter On May 30, 2013, a class action suit in the amount of NIS 19,200, or approximately $5,300, was filed in the Tel-Aviv Jaffa District Court against Coral Tell Ltd., an Israeli company that owns and operates a website offering advertisements. Coral Tell Ltd. is currently being sued in a class action lawsuit regarding phone call overages, and has served a third-party notice against Logia and two additional companies for our alleged involvement in facilitating the overages. The suit relates to a service offered by the Coral Tell website, enabling advertisers to display a virtual cellular number in the advertisement instead of their real cellular number. The plaintiff claims that calls were charged for the connection time between two segments of the call, instead of the second segment alone; that the caller was charged even if the advertiser did not answer the call (as the charge began upon initiation of the first segment); and that the caller was charged for text messages sent to the advertiser, although the service did not support delivery of text messages. We have no contractual relationship with this company. We believe the lawsuit is without merit and a finding of liability on our part remote. After conferring with advisors and counsel, management believes that the ultimate liability, if any, in aggregate will not be material to the financial position or results or operations of the Company for any future period. The Company does not believe there is a probable and estimable claim. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued any liability. 118 20. Supplemental Consolidated Financial Information Unaudited Quarterly Results The following tables set forth our quarterly consolidated statements of operations in dollars for each quarter of fiscal 2017 and 2016. We have prepared the quarterly consolidated statements of operations data on a basis consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the financial information in these tables reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of this data. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period. March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2015 June 30, 2015 (in thousands, except per share amounts) Net revenues $ 22,397 $ 22,285 $ 22,832 $ 24,039 $ 23,032 $ 24,089 $ 20,734 $ 18,686 License fees and revenue share Other direct cost of revenues Gross profit Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest income / (expense), net Foreign exchange transaction gain / (loss) Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Change in fair value of convertible note embedded derivative liability Loss on extinguishment of debt Gain / (loss) on disposal of fixed assets Other income / (expense) Loss from operations before income taxes Income tax provision Net loss, net of taxes Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted 16,192 17,039 17,797 19,224 17,296 18,569 16,099 14,221 2,298 3,907 1,878 3,368 1,882 3,153 1,880 2,935 2,084 3,652 7,761 (3,854) 8,778 (5,410) 9,460 (6,307) 9,384 (6,449) 9,028 (5,376) 1,704 3,816 9,081 (5,265) 4,558 77 2,191 2,274 8,221 (8,144) 9,425 (7,151) (599) (725) (622) (682) (449) (471) (405) (491) (75) (9) (1) (3) (9) (8) (13) 1 (1,948) 2,853 (430) — — — — — (650) 937 (140) — — — — — (293) — — — — — — — (102) — 68 — 15 — (6) 18 (20) (8) (8) — (23) 11 17 (7,228) (2,286) (7,778) (7,116) (5,860) (5,760) (8,551) (7,647) (303) (6,925) 300 (2,586) (437) (7,341) 296 (7,412) (32) (5,828) 3 (5,763) (229) (8,322) 472 (8,119) (0.10) $ (0.04) $ (0.11) $ (0.11) $ (0.09) $ (0.09) $ (0.14) $ (0.14) 66,595 66,634 66,457 66,286 66,278 65,979 57,274 57,388 119 Quarterly Trends and Seasonality Our overall operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are outside our control. We have experienced rapid growth since the acquisition of Appia, Inc. on March 6, 2015, which has resulted in a substantial increase in our revenue and a corresponding increase in our operating expenses to support our growth. We are continuously working on enhancing our technology and our operational abilities. This rapid growth has also led to uneven overall operating results due to changes in our investment in sales and marketing and research and development from quarter to quarter and increases in employee headcount. Our historical results should not be considered a reliable indicator of our future results of operations. Many advertisers spend the largest portion of their advertising budgets during the third quarter, to coincide with the holiday shopping season. As a result, typically the third quarter of each calendar year historically represents the largest percentage of our revenue for the year, and the first quarter of each year represents the smallest percentage. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Fiscal Year Description Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Income Statement Charged to Allowance Balance at End of Period Trade receivables 2017 2016 2015 Allowance for doubtful accounts Allowance for doubtful accounts Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 464 $ 698 — 494 $ 132 505 361 $ 366 $ (193) $ 597 464 698 (in thousands) 120 21. Subsequent Events On May 23, 2017, the Company entered into a Business Finance Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Western Alliance Bank (the "Bank"). The Credit Agreement provides for a $5,000 total facility. The amounts advanced under the Credit Agreement mature in two years and accrue interest at prime plus 1.25% subject to a 4.00% floor, with the prime rate defined as the prime rate published in the Wall Street Journal. The Credit Facility also carries an annual facility fee of $45.5, and an early termination fee of 0.5% if terminated during the first year. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a perfected first position security interest in all assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to partial (65%) pledges of stock of non-US subsidiaries. The Company’s subsidiaries Digital Turbine USA and Digital Turbine Media are co-borrowers. In addition to customary covenants, including restrictions on payments (subject to specified exceptions), and restrictions on indebtedness (subject to specified exceptions), the Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with the following financial covenants, measured on a monthly basis: (1) Maintain a Current Ratio of at least 0.65, defined as unrestricted cash plus accounts receivable, divided by all current liabilities. (2) Revenue must exceed 85% of projected quarterly revenue. In addition to the the terms noted above, the Credit Agreement contains other customary covenants, representations, indemnities, and events of default. In addition, the Credit Agreement generally prohibits the Company and its subsidiaries who are borrowers (Digital Turbine Media, Inc. and Digital Turbine USA, Inc.) from paying dividends or distributions, except for distributions by any of the borrower subsidiaries to the Company. The Credit Agreement requires that at least two-thirds (2/3rds) of the holders of the Company’s 8.75% Convertible Notes due 2020 (“Notes”) issued under its September 28, 2016 Indenture, with US Bank as trustee, as amended (the “Indenture”) at all times be subject to subordination agreements with the Bank, which were obtained in connection with the solicitation of consents for the Second Supplemental Indenture. In consideration for such consents, the Company entered into a Second Supplemental Indenture, dated May 23, 2017 (the “Supplemental Indenture”) to the Indenture, and also entered into a First Amendment, dated May 23, 2017 (the “Warrant Amendment”) to the Warrant Agreement , dated September 28, 2016, with US Bank as warrant agent (the “Warrant Agreement”), related to the Warrants that were issued in connection with the Notes in September 2017. The principal changes effected by the Supplemental Indenture are that from and after the determination of the Measured Price (as defined below), the Conversion Rate (as defined in the Indenture) of the Notes shall be adjusted to be equal to $1,000 divided by the Measured Price, subject to the adjustment as set forth in the Indenture. The "Measured Price" means the dollar amount calculated as follows: (A) If the sum of (i) the simple average of the Daily VWAP (as defined in the Indenture) for the Company’s Common Stock for all of the consecutive VWAP Trading Days (as defined in the Indenture) that occur during a measurement period (essentially, the period between the 90th and 120th days after the effective date of the Second Supplemental Indenture) plus (ii) ten percent (10%) of the amount determined under clause (i) (the “Measured Sum”) is greater than or equal to $1.00 but less than or equal to $1.364 (which is the original conversion price of the Notes immediately prior to the Second Supplemental Indenture and at original issuance), then the Measured Price shall be the Measured Sum; (B) if the Measured Sum is less than $1.00, then the Measured Price shall be $1.00; and (C) if the Measured Sum is greater than $1.364, then the Measured Price shall be $1.364. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. 121 CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES ITEM 9A. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer, who is our principal executive officer, and our chief financial officer, who is our principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2017, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as set forth in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2017 our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective due to the material weakness described below. As a result, the disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reporting within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting Barrett Garrison became our Chief Financial Officer after the resignation of Andrew Schleimer, our prior Chief Financial Officer. See "Completed Actions" subsection below which summarizes additional changes in internal controls over financial reporting. Other than as described above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting or in other factors identified in connection with the evaluation required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) that occurred during the fiscal period ended March 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. Material Weakness Management identified control deficiencies that in the aggregate represent a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2017. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We have identified deficiencies in the design and/or operations of our controls associated with the Financial Close and Reporting process that in the aggregate represent a material weakness, including weaknesses around review and performance of reconciliations during the close process. Additionally, we have identified deficiencies in the design and operations of our controls over information technology that impact the financial statements that represent a material weakness relating to deficiencies in control design, including lack of formal documentation of controls, and monitoring. In light of the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting described above, we performed additional analysis and other post-closing procedures to ensure that our financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Despite the material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, we believe that the financial statements included in our Form 10-K for the period ended March 31, 2017 fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ deficiency and cash flows for the periods presented. 122 The foregoing has been approved by our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, who have been involved with the reassessment and analysis of our internal control over financial reporting. SingerLewak LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting. This report is included in Part II, Item 8 of this 10K. Remedial Actions The material weakness we identified associated with the Financial Close and Reporting process arises primarily from (i) a lack of a sufficient accounting and financial reporting personnel able to implement formal accounting policies with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge and Company specific experience commensurate with our financial reporting requirements, and (ii) inadequate accounting systems including information technology systems directly related to financial statement processes and a heavy reliance on manual processes. The lack of staff resources and financial expertise arose as a result of employee turnover and our inability to timely fill accounting and financial-related positions. We have since filled open positions with qualified replacements and continue to more fully develop the technical expertise of our existing staff and newly hired staff. During fiscal 2017, we had engaged additional outside accounting consultants with significant technical accounting expertise to bolster our U.S. GAAP expertise until and after we had been successful in bringing the expertise in-house. In addition, we have implemented both a consolidated accounting ERP system across the entire organization and stock option accounting software that will enhance our capabilities and efficiencies across many accounting disciplines, particularly as it relates to consolidation of financial information, foreign currency translation, and share-based compensation. Many of the remedial actions we have taken are very recent, and other remedial actions are yet to be implemented including the training of newly hired personnel. Because many of the remedial actions taken are very recent, management will not be able to conclude that the material weakness has been eliminated until the controls have been successfully operated and tested. We, along with our Audit Committee, will continue to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of these remedial actions and make further changes as deemed appropriate. Management, with the oversight of our Audit Committee, has devoted considerable effort to remediate the material weakness identified above, with other planned actions to be taken over the next 12 months to remediate the material weakness. Completed Actions • • • • • • • • Hired a Chief Financial Officer, "CFO," on September 12, 2016 with a strong background in internal control design and implementation in a public company environment Completed the evaluation and hiring of additional accounting and finance headcount resources globally to ensure that resources are sufficient to meet the accounting and finance requirements of the Company Finalized the system implementation for the Company's new ERP accounting system Finalized the system implementation related to the Company's new stock option tracking, accounting, and disclosure tool Implemented a billing and disbursements system that is integrated with the Company's ERP system Completed documentation of internal control procedures, inclusive of new controls with an emphasis on additional documented review and approval procedures, for significant accounting areas Completed documentation of internal control procedures, inclusive of new controls, around information technology that have an impact on financial reporting Engaged an independent third party consulting firm to conduct internal control testing and to provide assistance with control remediation 123 Planned Actions • • • Develop and execute a plan to fully implement and effectively operate the key controls identified through the completion of the documentation of internal control procedures over all significant accounting areas and information technology that have an impact on financial reporting Implement a cyclical process for evaluating and testing the control environment to help ensure any future key control failures will be identified on a timely basis, and allow for the possibility of immediate detection and remediation Conduct formal training related to key accounting policies, internal controls, and SEC compliance for all key personnel who have an impact on the transactions underlying the financial statements The remediation plan, once fully implemented and determined to be operating effectively, is expected to result in the remediation of the identified material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation under the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were ineffective as of March 31, 2017 because of the material weakness described above. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement or 10K/A for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or Form 10-K/A). ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or Form 10-K/A). ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or Form 10-K/A). ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or Form 10-K/A). 124 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or Form 10-K/A). PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES We have filed the following documents as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: 1. Consolidated Financial Statements: Our consolidated financial statements are listed in the "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Financial Statements: Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 71 74 75 75 76 77 78 The supplementary financial information required by this Item 8 is set forth in Note 20 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Supplemental Consolidated Financial Information". 2. Financial Statement Schedules Unaudited Quarterly Results and Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the three fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 is included in Note 20 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." All other schedules called for by Form 10-K are omitted because they are inapplicable or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements, or notes thereto, included herein. 3. Exhibits See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 125 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Principal Executive Officer: Dated: June 14, 2017 Digital Turbine, Inc. By: /s/ William Stone William Stone Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Title Date Signatures /s/ Robert Deutschman Robert Deutschman Chairman of the Board /s/ Barrett Garrison Barrett Garrison Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ David Wesch David Wesch /s/ Mohan Gyani Mohan Gyani /s/ Christopher Rogers Christopher Rogers /s/ Jeffrey Karish Jeffrey Karish /s/ Paul Schaeffer Paul Schaeffer Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) Director Director Director Director 126 June 14, 2017 June 14, 2017 June 14, 2017 June 14, 2017 June 14, 2017 June 14, 2017 June 14, 2017 Exhibit No. Description 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November 13, 2014, by and among Mandalay Digital Group, Inc., DTM Merger Sub, Inc., and Appia, Inc., incorporated by reference to our Amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A (File No. 001- 35958), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2014. Certificate of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on November 14, 2007. Certificate of Merger merging Mediavest, Inc., a New Jersey corporation, with and into NeuMedia Media, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on November 14, 2007. Certificate of Ownership merging Mandalay Digital Group, Inc. into Neumedia, Inc., dated February 2, 2012, incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on June 29, 2012. Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated August 14, 2012, incorporated by reference to Appendix B of the Registrant’s Definitive Information Statement on Form 14-C (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on July 10, 2012. Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated March 28, 2013, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on April 18, 2013. Certificate of Correction of Certificate of Amendment, dated April 9, 2013, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on April 18, 2013 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 13, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on January 16, 2015. Bylaws, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on November 14, 2007. Certificate of Amendment of the Bylaws of NeuMedia, Inc., dated February 2, 2012, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on February 7, 2012. 3.10 Certificate of Amendment of the Bylaws dated March 6, 2015 (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-10039) filed with the Commission on March 11, 2015). 3.11 Amendment of Bylaws of Digital Turbine, Inc., adopted March 17, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on March 20, 2015. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.4 Form of Warrant Relating to Equity Financing Binding Term Sheet, dated as of March 1, 2012, incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on June 29, 2012. Form of Warrant Relating to Equity Financing Binding Term Sheets, dated as of March 5, 2012, incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on June 29, 2012. Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated March 6, 2015 issued to North Atlantic SBIC IV, L.P., incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958) filed with the Commission on March 11, 2015. Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of February 17, 2016 issued to North Atlantic SBIC IV, L.P. Second Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of May 6, 2016 issued North Atlantic SBIC IV, L.P. Indenture for 8.75% Convertible Notes, due 2020, dated as of September 28, 2016, between the Company, certain guarantors and U.S. Bank National Association as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on September 29, 2016. 127 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.5 4.5.1 4.6 4.7 10.1 10.1.1 First Supplemental Indenture for 8.75% Convertible Notes, due 2020, dated as of January 12, 2017, between the Company, certain guarantors and U.S. Bank National Association as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of our Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-214321), filed with the Commission on January 23, 2017. Second Supplemental Indenture for 8.75% Convertible Notes, due 2020, dated as of May 23, 2017, between the Company, certain guarantors and U.S. Bank National Association as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on May 24, 2017. Warrant Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2016, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association as warrant agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on September 29, 2016. First Amendment to Warrant Agreement, dated as of May 23, 2017, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association as warrant agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on May 24, 2017. Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2016, by the Company and certain guarantors entities, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on September 29, 2016. Form of Common Stock Certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-214321) filed with the Commission on December 23, 2016 2007 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on November 14, 2007. † Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on November 14, 2007† 10.1.2 Amendment to 2007 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on February 12, 2008. † 10.1.3 Second Amendment to 2007 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan., incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on March 28, 2008. † 10.2 Warrant, dated December 23, 2011, made by NeuMedia, Inc. in favor of Adage Capital Management L.P., incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on February 24, 2012. † 10.3 10.4 Form of Indemnification with Directors and Executive Officers, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on May 10, 2012. † Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan of Mandalay Digital Group, Inc., incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on May 30, 2012. 10.4.1 Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan Notice of Grant and Restricted Stock Agreement of Mandalay Digital Group, Inc, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on May 30, 2012. 10.4.2 Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan Notice of Grant and Stock Option Agreement of Mandalay Digital Group, Inc., incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on May 30, 2012. 10.5 10.6 10.7 Share Purchase Agreement, dated August 11, 2012, as amended by a first amendment thereto, dated September 13, 2012 among Mandalay Digital Group, Inc., MDG Logia Holdings, Ltd., Logia Group, Ltd., and S.M.B.P. IGLOO Ltd. ., incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on November 19, 2012. Share Sale Agreement, dated April 12, 2013, among Digital Turbine Australia Pty Ltd, Digital Turbine, Inc., the Company, and certain other parties set forth therein, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039) filed with the Commission on April 17, 2013. Registration Rights & Lock Up Agreement, dated April 12, 2013 between the Company and various shareholders set forth therein, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039) filed with the Commission on April 17, 2013. 10.8 Form of Equity Financing Binding Term Sheet dated May 23, 2013 with Windsor Media, Inc., incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35958) filed with the Commission on August 14, 2013. 128 10.9 10.10 10.10.1 10.10.2 Support Agreement, dated November 13, 2014, between Mandalay Digital Group, Inc. and its Stockholders, incorporated by reference Registrant’s Amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2014. Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Appia, Inc., Digital Turbine, Inc., and North Atlantic SBIC IV, L.P., dated March 6, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958) filed with the Commission on March 11, 2015. Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Digital Turbine Media, Inc. (f/k/a Appia, Inc.),, Digital Turbine, Inc., and North Atlantic SBIC IV, L.P., dated as of February 17, 2016. Second Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Digital Turbine Media, Inc. (f/k/a Appia, Inc.),, Digital Turbine, Inc., and North Atlantic SBIC IV, L.P., dated as of May 7, 2016. 10.11 Unconditional Secured Guaranty and Pledge Agreement entered into by Digital Turbine, Inc. in favor of North Atlantic SBIC IV, L.P. as of March 6, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958) filed with the Commission on March 11, 2015. 10.12 Unconditional Secured Guaranty and Pledge Agreement entered into by Digital Turbine, Inc. in favor of Silicon Valley Bank as of March 6, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958) filed with the Commission on March 11, 2015. 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 API Service Agreement dated July 5, 2011 with Vodafone Hutchison Australia Pty Limited incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-4/A (File No. 333-200695) filed with the Commission on January 27, 2015. IT & Content Services Agreement dated October 11, 2011 with Telstra Corporation Limited incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-4/A (File No. 333-200695) filed with the Commission on January 27, 2015. Employment Agreement, effective July 8, 2014, between the Company and Andrew Schleimer, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on July 9, 2014. † Employment Agreement, effective September 9, 2014, between the Company and Bill Stone, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on September 15, 2014. † 10.16.1 Amendment, effective May 26, 2016, to Employment Agreement between the Company and William Stone, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on June 1, 2016. † 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.21.1 10.22 Employment Agreement, effective February 10, 2015, between the Company and James Alejandro, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on February 11, 2015. † Separation Agreement between Mandalay Digital Group, Inc. and Peter A. Adderton, dated January 15, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039), filed with the Commission on January 16, 2015. Board Equity Ownership Policy, as amended, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958) filed with the Commission on June 25, 2014. † Corporate office lease agreement commencing on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 31, 2022 between Thomas C. Calhoon (Landlord) and Digital Turbine, Inc. (Tenant). Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on June 15, 2015. Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement effective June 11, 2015 between Digital Turbine Media and Silicon Valley Bank. Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on June 15, 2015. First Amendment dated November 30, 2015 to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on December 4, 2015. Intellectual Property License Agreement dated as of December 28, 2015 between Digital Turbine Media, Inc. and Sift Media, Inc., incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on February 9, 2016. 10.23 Publisher Agreement dated as of December 28, 2015 between Digital Turbine Media, Inc. and Sift Media, Inc., incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on February 9, 2016. 129 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 12.1 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 101 101 101 101 101 101 * Sift Media, Inc. Series Seed Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of December 28, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on February 9, 2016. Employment Agreement between Sift Media, Inc. and Judson S. Bowman dated as of December 28, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on February 9, 2016. Restricted Stock Agreement between Sift Media, Inc. and Judson S. Bowman dated as of December 28, 2015, incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-10039 ), filed with the Commission on February 9, 2016. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan for Appia, Inc., incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-202863), filed with the Commission on March 19,2015. Third Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement effective June 28, 2016 between the Company and Silicon Valley Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.001-35958) filed with the Commission on June 30, 2016. Initial Purchaser Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2016, between the Company and BTIG, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on September 29, 2016. Letter Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, dated August 12, 2016 * Security Agreement (Cash) with Silicon Valley Bank, dated August 12, 2016 * Software as a Service Agreement between Cellco Partnership d/b/a Verizon Wireless and the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-214321), filed January 6, 2017†† Business Financing Agreement, dated May 23, 2017, between the Company, Digital Turbine USA, Inc., Digital Turbine Media, Inc. and Western Alliance Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on May 24, 2017. Employment Agreement between the Company and Barrett Garrison, dated September 12, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35958), filed with the Commission on August 31, 2016.† Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges * List of Subsidiaries. * Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. * Certification of William Stone, Principal Executive Officer. * Certification of Barrett Garrison, Principal Financial Officer. * Certification of William Stone, Principal Executive Officer pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350. ** Certification of Barrett Garrison, Principal Financial Officer pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350. ** INS XBRL Instance Document. * SCH XBRL Schema Document. * CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. * DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. * LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. * PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. * Filed ** † herewith The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Digital Turbine Inc under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement †† Confidential treatment requested and received as to certain portions 130 August 12 ,2016 Exhibit 10.30 Digital Turbine Media, Inc. 1300 Guadalupe Street, Suite 302 Austin, TX 78701 Attention: Andrew Schleimer Dear Mr. Schleimer: Reference is made to the Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 11, 2015, between Silicon Valley Bank ("Bank") and Digital Turbine Media, Inc. ("Borrower") (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Loan Agreement"). Capitalized terms used but not defined in this letter shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan Agreement. Bank and Borrower have agreed to modify the Loan Agreement as set forth in this letter agreement (this "Letter Agreement") to, among other things, modify how Advances will be made under the Loan Agreement. Borrower has established a new cash collateral account with Bank (the "CCA") which CCA shall be used to secure the Obligations under the Loan Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Loan Agreement or any other Loan Document, subject to the terms and conditions of the Loan Agreement (as modified hereby). Bank shall make Advances to Borrower in an aggregate amount not to exceed at any time the lesser of (i) Three Million Dollars ($3,000,000) or (ii) the amount of cash collateral maintained in the CCA (the lesser of (i) or (ii), the "Cash Collateral Amount"); provided that, if, at any time, the outstanding principal amount under the Revolving Line exceeds the lesser of Three Million Dollars ($3,000,000) or the Cash Collateral Amount, Borrower shall promptly, but in no event later than two Business Days, pay to Bank in cash the amount of such excess (such excess, the "Overadvance"). The foregoing proviso shall be deemed to amend and restate Section 2.2 of the Loan Agreement (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the definition of "Overadvance" set forth therein) in its entirety. Other than as set forth herein. Bank shall no longer be obligated to make any Advances or other Credit Extensions to Borrower. In connection with the foregoing. Borrower shall no longer be required to deliver any Transaction Reports and all references in the Loan Agreement to the Availability Amount, Borrowing Base, Eligible Accounts, Eligible Foreign Accounts and Transaction Report shall be deemed to be removed and no longer effective; provided that Section 6.3(b) (iii) shall be deemed to be amended by deleting the reference to "the lesser of the Revolving Line or the Borrowing Base" and substituting in lieu thereof "the Cash Collateral Amount". So long as all Obligations are fully secured by a first priority perfected security interest in the Cash Collateral Amount in favor of Bank, (a) Section 6.8 (Financial Covenants) shall be deemed to be Exhibit 10.30 deleted in its entirety; provided that Section 6.8 shall be deemed to be reinstated in the event of any Overadvance that is not promptly, but in no event later than two Business Days, paid in cash or in the event that the Obligations are not fully secured by a first priority perfected security interest in the Cash Collateral Amount in favor of Bank; and (b) notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Loan Agreement, for the purposes of Section 2.6 (Cash Collateral Account; Account Collection Services) and Section 6.2 (Financial Statements, Reports, Certificates), Borrower shall be deemed to be in a Streamline Period. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Loan Agreement, the principal amount outstanding under the Revolving Line shall accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to one and three- quarters percentage points (1.75%) above the WSJ Prime Rate, which interest shall be payable monthly in accordance with Section 2.3(d) of the Loan Agreement. The Revolving Line Maturity Date is hereby amended to be September 28, 2016. This Letter Agreement shall be deemed effective upon (a) the due execution and delivery to Bank of this Letter Agreement by each party hereto, (b) Borrower's payment of a modification fee in an amount equal to Fifteen Thousand Dollars ($15,000), (c) Bank's receipt of the Acknowledgment of Amendment and Reaffirmation of Guaranty substantially in the form attached hereto as Schedule 1, duly executed and delivered by Parent, (d) Bank's receipt of the Acknowledgment of Amendment and Reaffirmation of Guaranty substantially in the form attached hereto as Schedule 2, duly executed and delivered by DT USA, (e) Bank's receipt of a Security Agreement (Cash), in form and substance satisfactory to Bank, duly executed by Borrower, (f) the opening of the CCA with Bank, (g) Borrower's providing cash collateral acceptable to Bank in its good faith business judgment for Bank Services, and (h) payment of Bank's legal fees and expenses in connection with the negotiation and preparation of this Letter Agreement. This Letter Agreement shall constitute a Loan Document. This Letter Agreement shall be effective for the purposes set forth herein and shall be limited precisely as written and shall not be deemed to (a) be a consent to any amendment, waiver or modification of any other term or condition of any Loan Documents, or (b) otherwise prejudice any right or remedy which Bank may now have or may have in the future under or in connection with any Loan Document. Representations and Warranties; To induce Bank to enter into this Letter Agreement, Borrower hereby represents and warrants to Bank as follows: (a) Immediately after giving effect to this Letter Agreement (a) the representations and warranties contained in the Loan Documents are true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of the date hereof (except to the extent such representations and warranties relate to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct in all material respects as of such date), and (b) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; Exhibit 10.30 (b) Borrower has the power and authority to execute and deliver this Letter Agreement and to perform its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Letter Agreement; (c) The publicly available organizational documents of Borrower most recently delivered to Bank remain true, accurate and complete and have not been amended, supplemented or restated and are and continue to be in full force and effect; (d) The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Letter Agreement and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Letter Agreement, have been duly authorized; (e) The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Letter Agreement and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Letter Agreement, do not and will not contravene (a) any material law or regulation binding on or affecting Borrower, (b) any material contractual restriction with a Person binding on Borrower, (c) any order, judgment or decree of any court or other governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on Borrower, or (d) the organizational documents of Borrower; (f) The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Letter Agreement and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Letter Agreement, do not require any order, consent, approval, license, authorization or validation of, or filing, recording or registration with, or exemption by any governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on Borrower, except as already has been obtained or made; and (g) This Letter Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Borrower and is the binding obligation of Borrower, enforceable against Borrower in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium or other similar laws of general application and equitable principles relating to or affecting creditors' rights. Release by Borrower: For good and valuable consideration. Borrower hereby forever relieves, releases, and discharges Bank and its present or former employees, officers, directors, agents, representatives, attorneys, and each of them, from any and all claims, debts, liabilities, demands, obligations, promises, acts, agreements, costs and expenses, actions and causes of action, of every type, kind, nature, description or character whatsoever, whether known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, absolute or contingent, arising out of or in any manner whatsoever connected with or related to facts, circumstances, issues, controversies or claims existing or arising from the beginning of time through and including the date of execution of this Letter Agreement (collectively "Released Claims"). Without limiting the foregoing, the Released Claims shall include any and all liabilities or claims arising out of or in any manner whatsoever connected with or related to the Loan Documents, the Recitals hereto, any instruments, agreements or documents executed in connection with any of Exhibit 10.30 the foregoing or the origination, negotiation, administration, servicing and/or enforcement of any of the foregoing. In furtherance of this release. Borrower expressly acknowledges and waives any and all rights under Section 1542 of the California Civil Code, which provides as follows: "A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his or her favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him or her must have materially affected his or her settlement with the debtor." (Emphasis added.) By entering into this release, Borrower recognizes that no facts or representations are ever absolutely certain and it may hereafter discover facts in addition to or different from those which it presently knows or believes to be true, but that it is the intention of Borrower hereby to fully, finally and forever settle and release all matters, disputes and differences, known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected; accordingly, if Borrower should subsequently discover that any fact that it relied upon in entering into this release was untrue, or that any understanding of the facts was incorrect, Borrower shall not be entitled to set aside this release by reason thereof, regardless of any claim of mistake of fact or law or any other circumstances whatsoever. Borrower acknowledges that it is not relying upon and has not relied upon any representation or statement made by Bank with respect to the facts underlying this release or with regard to any of such party's rights or asserted rights. This release may be pleaded as a full and complete defense and/or as a cross-complaint or counterclaim against any action, suit, or other proceeding that may be instituted, prosecuted or attempted in breach of this release. Borrower acknowledges that the release contained herein constitutes a material inducement to Bank to enter into this Letter Agreement, and that Bank would not have done so but for Bank's expectation that such release is valid and enforceable in all events. Borrower hereby represents and warrants to Bank, and Bank is relying thereon, as follows: (a) Except as expressly stated in this Letter Agreement, neither Bank nor any agent, employee or representative of Bank has made any statement or representation to Borrower regarding any fact relied upon by Borrower in entering into this Letter Agreement. (b) Borrower has made such investigation of the facts pertaining to this Letter Agreement and all of the matters appertaining thereto, as it deems necessary. (c) The terms of this Letter Agreement are contractual and not a mere recital. (d) This Letter Agreement has been carefully read by Borrower, the contents hereof are known and understood by Borrower, and this Letter Agreement is signed freely, and without duress, by Borrower. (e) Borrower represents and warrants that it is the sole and lawful owner of all right, title and interest in and to every claim and every other matter which it releases herein, and that it has not heretofore assigned or transferred, or purported to assign or transfer, to any person, firm or entity any claims or other matters herein released. Borrower shall indemnify Bank, defend and hold it harmless from and against all claims based upon or arising in connection with prior assignments or purported assignments or transfers of any claims or matters released herein. Exhibit 10.30 SILICON VALLEY BANK By: /s/ Jonathan Wolfert Name: Jonathan Wofert Title: Vice President Acknowledged and Agreed: DIGITAL TURBINE MEDIA, INC. By: /s/ Andrew Schleimer Name: Andrew Schleimer Title: CFO ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF AMENDMENT AND REAFFIRMATION OF GUARANTY Exhibit 10.30 Section 1. Guarantor hereby acknowledges and confirms that it has reviewed the terms and conditions of the Letter Agreement dated as of even date herewith (the "Amendment") modifying Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement. Section 2. Guarantor hereby agrees that the Unconditional Secured Guaranty and Pledge Agreement (the "Guaranty") relating to the Obligations of Borrower under the Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as amended, shall continue in full force and effect, shall be valid and enforceable and shall not be impaired or otherwise affected by the execution of the Amendment or any other document or instrument delivered in connection herewith. Section 3. Guarantor represents and warrants that, after giving effect to the Amendment, all representations and warranties contained in the Guaranty are true, accurate and complete as if made the date hereof. Dated as of August 12, 2016 GUARANTOR DIGITAL TURBINE, INC. Name: Andrew Schleimer Title: CFO Exhibit 10.30 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF AMENDMENT AND REAFFIRMATION OF GUARANTY Exhibit 10.30 Section 1. Guarantor hereby acknowledges and confirms that it has reviewed the terms and conditions of the Letter Agreement dated as of even date herewith (the "Amendment") modifying Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement. Section 2. Guarantor hereby agrees that the Unconditional Secured Guaranty and Pledge Agreement (the "Guaranty") relating to the Obligations of Borrower under the Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as amended, shall continue in full force and effect, shall be valid and enforceable and shall not be impaired or otherwise affected by the execution of the Amendment or any other document or instrument delivered in connection herewith. Section 3. Guarantor represents and warrants that, after giving effect to the Amendment, all representations and warranties contained in the Guaranty are true, accurate and complete as if made the date hereof. Dated as of August 12, 2016 Exhibit 10.30 Name: Andrew Schleimer Title: CFO GUARANTOR DIGITAL TURBINE USA, INC. SECURITY AGREEMENT (CASH) Exhibit 10.31 This SECURITY AGREEMENT (CASH), dated as of AUGUST 12, 2016 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the provisions hereof, this "Agreement"), is made by and between DIGITAL TURBINE MEDIA, INC. (f7k/a Appia, Inc., fyk/a PocketGear, Inc.), a Delaware corporation ("Grantor"), in favor of SILICON VALLEY BANK ("Secured Party"). WHEREAS, on the date hereof, Secured Party has made loans to Grantor (the "Loans"), evidenced by that certain Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 11, 2015 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Loan Agreement"); WHEREAS, this Agreement is given by Grantor in favor of Secured Party to secure the payment and performance of all of the Obligations under the Loan Agreement (collectively, the "Secured Obligations"); and WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the Loan Agreement that Grantor execute and deliver this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants, terms and conditions set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows: 1. Definitions. (a) Loan Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the (b) Unless otherwise specified herein, all references to Sections and Schedules herein are to Sections and Schedules of this Agreement. (c) Unless otherwise defined herein, terms used herein that are defined in the UCC shall have the meanings assigned to them in the UCC. If a term is defined in Article 9 of the UCC differently than in another Article of the UCC, however, the term has the meaning specified in Article 9. (d) For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings: "Cash Collateral" has the meaning set forth in Section 2. "Event of Default" has the meaning set forth in the Loan Agreement. "First Priority" means, with respect to any lien and security interest purported to be created in any Cash Collateral pursuant to this Agreement, such lien and security interest is the most senior lien to which such Cash Collateral is subject (subject only to liens permitted under the Loan Agreement). Exhibit 10.31 "Pledged Deposit Account" means the Collateral Money Market Account maintained by Bank with Account Number "Proceeds" means "proceeds" as such term is defined in section 9-102 of the UCC and, in any event, shall include, without limitation, all dividends or other income from the Collateral, collections thereon or distributions with respect thereto. "Secured Obligations" has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement. "UCC" means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of California or, when the laws of any other state govern the method or manner of the perfection or enforcement of any security interest in any of the Cash Collateral, the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in such state. 2. Grant of Security Interest. Grantor hereby pledges and grants to Secured Party, and hereby creates a continuing First Priority lien and security interest in favor of Secured Party in and to all of its right, title and interest in and to the following, wherever located, whether now existing or hereafter from time to time arising or acquired (collectively, the "Cash Collateral"): the Pledged Deposit Account, and in any and all monies at any time held therein, all interest and income thereon, all general intangibles arising therefrom or relating thereto, all documents, instruments and agreements evidencing the Pledged Deposit Account, and all extensions, renewals and replacements of, additions to and Proceeds of any of the same. 3. Secured Obligations. The Cash Collateral secures the due and prompt payment and performance of the Secured Obligations. 4. Perfection of Security Interest and Further Assurances. (a) Grantor agrees that it shall not pledge, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the Cash Collateral, or create or permit to exist any security interest or other encumbrance on the Cash Collateral, other than in favor of Secured Party or in connection with Subordinated Debt. Grantor agrees that at any time and from time to time, at the expense of Grantor, Grantor will promptly execute and deliver all further instruments and documents, obtain such agreements from third parties, and take all further action, that may be necessary or desirable, or that Secured Party may request, in order to create and/or maintain the validity, perfection or priority of and protect any security interest granted or purported to be granted hereby or to enable Secured Party to exercise and enforce its rights and remedies hereunder or under any other agreement with respect to any Cash Collateral. (b) Grantor irrevocable appoints Secured Party as Grantor's attorney-in-fact to take any action and to execute any instrument to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement regardless of whether an Event of Default has occurred. 5. Amount of Cash Collateral. On or before August 12, 2016, Grantor shall deposit Three Million Dollars ($3,000,000) into the Pledged Deposit Account. The parties to this Agreement do not intend that Grantor's delivery of funds to the Pledged Deposit Account as herein provided to constitute an Exhibit 10.31 advance payment of any Secured Obligations or liquidated damages. Grantor shall not be permitted to withdraw funds from the Pledged Deposit Account, including any interest earned thereunder. 6. Representations and Warranties. Grantor represents and warrants as follows: (a) The pledge of the Cash Collateral pursuant to this Agreement creates a valid and perfected First Priority security interest in the Cash Collateral, securing the payment and performance when due of the Secured Obligations. (b) It has full power, authority and legal right to pledge the Cash Collateral pursuant to this Agreement. (c) It has the power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations under this Agreement. (d) The execution and delivery by Grantor of this Agreement and the performance by Grantor of its obligations under this Agreement have been duly authorized. (e) The execution and delivery by Grantor of this Agreement and the performance by Grantor of its obligations under this Agreement, do not and will not contravene (i) any material law or regulation binding on or affecting Grantor, (ii) any material contractual restriction with a Person binding on Grantor, (iii) any order, judgment or decree of any court or other governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on Grantor, or (iv) the organizational documents of Grantor. (f) The execution and delivery by Grantor of this Agreement and the performance by Grantor of its obligations under this Agreement, do not require any order, consent, approval, license, authorization or validation of, or filing, recording or registration with, or exemption by any governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on Grantor, except as already has been obtained or made; (g) This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Grantor and is the binding obligation of Grantor, enforceable against Grantor in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium or other similar laws of general application and equitable principles relating to or affecting creditors' rights. 7. Reasonable Care. Secured Party shall have no duty with respect to the care and preservation of the Cash Collateral beyond the exercise of reasonable care. Secured Party shall be deemed to have exercised reasonable care in the custody and preservation of the Cash Collateral in its possession if the Cash Collateral is accorded treatment substantially equal to that which Secured 8. Party accords its own property, it being understood that Secured Party shall not have any responsibility for (a) ascertaining or taking action with respect to any claims, the nature or sufficiency of any payment or performance by any party under or pursuant to any agreement relating to the Cash Collateral or other matters relative to any Cash Collateral, whether or not Secured Party has or is Exhibit 10.31 deemed to have knowledge of such matters, or (b) taking any necessary steps to preserve rights against any parties with respect to any Cash Collateral. Nothing set forth in this Agreement nor the exercise by Secured Party of any of the rights and remedies hereunder or as may be available to it by law shall relieve Grantor from the performance of any obligation on Grantor's part to be performed or observed in respect of any of the Cash Collateral. 9. No Waiver and Cumulative Remedies. Secured Party shall not by any act (except by a written instrument pursuant to Section 9), delay, indulgence, omission or otherwise be deemed to have waived any right or remedy hereunder or to have acquiesced in any Event of Default. All rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law or under the Loan Agreement. 10. Amendments. None of the terms or provisions of this Agreement may be amended, modified, supplemented, terminated or waived, and no consent to any departure by Grantor therefrom shall be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by Secured Party and Grantor, and then such amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which made or given. 11. Addresses for Notices. All notices and other communications provided for in this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be given in the manner and become effective as set forth in the Loan Agreement. 12. Continuing Security Interest: Further Actions. This Agreement shall create a continuing First Priority lien and security interest in the Cash Collateral and shall (a) subject to Section 12, remain in full force and effect until payment and performance in full of the Secured Obligations, (b) be binding upon Grantor, its successors and assigns, and (c) inure to the benefit of Secured Party and its successors, transferees and assigns; provided that Grantor may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of Secured Party. 13. Termination: Release. On the date on which all Secured Obligations have been paid and performed in full, Secured Party will, at the request and sole expense of Grantor, (a) duly assign, transfer and deliver to or at the direction of Grantor (without recourse and without any representation or warranty) such of the Cash Collateral as may then remain in the possession of Secured Party, together with any monies at the time held by Secured Party hereunder to another deposit account of Grantor maintained with Secured Party, and (b) execute and deliver to Grantor a proper documentation acknowledging the satisfaction and termination of this Agreement. 14. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and any claim, controversy, dispute or cause of action (whether in contract or tort or otherwise) based upon, arising out of or relating to this 15. Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of California. This Agreement is a Loan Document (as defined in the Loan Agreement) and the provisions of Section 11 of the Loan Agreement apply to this Agreement and are incorporated herein, mutatis mutandis, as if a part hereof. The rights or remedies Exhibit 10.31 of Secured Party hereunder are in addition to the rights and remedies of Bank under the Loan Agreement. 1 6 . Counterparts. This Agreement and any amendments, waivers, consents or supplements hereto may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by facsimile or in electronic (i.e., "pdf or "tif) format shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. This Agreement and the Loan Agreement constitute the entire contract among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect thereto. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this SECURITY AGREEMENT (CASH) as of the date first [SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS] above written. DIGITAL TURBINE MEDIA, INC., as Grantor By: /s/ Andrew Schleimer Name: Andrew Schleimer Title: CFO SILICON VALLEY BANK, as Secured Party By /s/ Jonathan Wolfert Name: Jonathan Wolfert Title: Vice President Exhibit 12.1 STATEMENT REGARDING COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES The following illustrates the computation of the historical ratio of earnings to fixed charges (amounts in thousands except ratios). While there are preference securities outstanding for all periods presented, such preference securities do not accrue or otherwise pay any dividends. Therefore, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preference dividends are identical to the ratios of earnings to fixed charges. Fixed Charges 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2016 2017 Interest, including amortization of debt discount and capitalized expenses $ 1,144 $ 1,407 $ 234 $ 1,816 $ 2,628 $ 2,556 $ 2,556 Historical Year Ended March 31, Unaudited Pro Forma Year Ended March 31, Unaudited Interest element of rentals* Total Fixed Charges Earnings available for fixed charges: Pre-tax income (loss) Add back: 83 83 210 268 273 268 273 $ 1,227 $ 1,490 $ 444 $ 2,084 $ 2,901 $ 2,824 $ 2,829 $ (14,022 ) $ (18,976 ) $ (23,900 ) $ (27,818 ) $ (24,408 ) $ (30,374 ) $ (26,964 ) Income(loss) from discontinued operations (1,502) — — — — — — Fixed charges Total Earnings Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges 1,227 1,490 444 2,084 2,901 2,824 2,829 $ (11,292 ) $ (15,984 ) $ (23,456 ) $ (25,734 ) $ (21,507 ) $ (27,550 ) $ (24,135 ) (9.2x) (10.7x) (52.9x) (12.3x) (7.4x) (9.8x) (8.5x) Additional earnings required to achieve a 1.0x ratio $ 12,519 $ 17,474 $ 23,900 $ 27,818 $ 24,408 $ 30,374 $ 26,964 * Interest component of rental expense is estimated to equal 1/3 of such expense, which is considered a reasonable approximation of the interest factor. (1) Interest, including amortization of debt discounts and capitalized expenses, is calculated as the net change in interest from the refinancing assuming the refinancing took place as of April 1, 2015 during the year ended March 31, 2016 and April 1, 2016 during the year ended March 31, 2017. The net change in interest is calculated at $2,556 for both periods. Chief Executive Offices or Principal Places of Business Jurisdiction of Organization FEIN Entity Digital Turbine, Inc. Digital Turbine USA, Inc. 1300 Guadalupe Street Suite 302 Austin, TX 78701 - USA 1300 Guadalupe Street Suite 302 Austin, TX 78701 - USA Digital Turbine (EMEA) Ltd. 3 Hasadnaot St. Herzliya Pituach – 46140, Israel Logia Content Development and Management Ltd 3 Hasadnaot St. Herzliya Pituach – 46140, Israel Volas Entertainment Ltd. Mailbit Logia (2008) Ltd. Digital Turbine Germany GmbH 3 Hasadnaot St. Herzliya Pituach – 46140, Israel 3 Hasadnaot St. Herzliya Pituach – 46140, Israel Westendstr. 28 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany USA USA Israel Israel Israel Israel Germany HRB 100847 Exhibit 21.1 Company Organizational Numbers 22-2267658 45-3982329 514802875 513540245 513881607 514121953 Digital Turbine Luxembourg S.a.r.l. 121 Avenue De La Faiencerie L-1511 Luxembourg Luxembourg Section B, 173 016 DTM Merger Sub, Inc. Digital Turbine Media, Inc. 1300 Guadalupe Street Suite 302 Austin, TX 78701 - USA 406 Blackwell Street Suite 500 Durham, NC 27701 - USA USA USA 26-2346340 PocketGear Deutschland GmbH SchleiBheimer Str. 439,80935 Munchen, Germany Germany DE165412455 Digital Turbine Group Pty Ltd Digital Turbine Holdings Pty Ltd Digital Turbine Asia Pacific Pty Ltd Digital Turbine Technology (IP) Pty Ltd Digital Turbine IP Pty Ltd Digital Turbine Singapore Pte Ltd 283 Young St WATERLOO – NSW 2017 Australia Level 2, 221 Miller Street, North Sydney – NSW 2060 Australia Level 2, 221 Miller Street, North Sydney – NSW 2060 Australia Level 2, 221 Miller Street, North Sydney – NSW 2060 Australia Level 2, 221 Miller Street, North Sydney – NSW 2060 Australia 128 Tanjong Pagar Road, Singapore 088535 Australia ACN 163 117 253 Australia TAX 847599909 Australia TAX 791741061 Australia TAX 949745512 Australia TAX 949301761 Singapore 201407526R CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Exhibit 23.1 We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements (Nos. 333-193022 and 333-202863) on Form S-8 of Digital Turbine, Inc. (the “Company”) of our reports dated June 14, 2017, relating to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its subsidiaries, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2017. Our report dated June 14, 2017, on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2017, expressed an opinion that the Company and its subsidiaries had not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. /s/ SingerLewak LLP Los Angeles, California June 14, 2017 Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER I, William Stone, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Digital Turbine, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: June 14, 2017 By: /s/William Stone William Stone Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER I, Barrett Garrison, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Digital Turbine, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: June 14, 2017 By: /s/ Barrett Garrison Barrett Garrison Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350 As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Exhibit 32.1 Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Digital Turbine, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that: The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ending March 31, 2017 of the Company (the “Form 10-K”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: June 14, 2017 By: /s/William Stone William Stone Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350 As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Exhibit 32.2 Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Digital Turbine, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that: The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ending March 31, 2017 of the Company (the “Form 10-K”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: June 14, 2017 By: /s/ Barrett Garrison Barrettt Garrison Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) 

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