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Directa Plus plc

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FY2019 Annual Report · Directa Plus plc
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Directa Plus Plc 
3rd Floor 
11-12 St. James’s Square 
London 
SW1Y 4LB 
United Kingdom 

www.directa-plus.com

Graphene is the 
material of  the future 

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Annual Report & Accounts 2019

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Directa Plus in 2019

Discover how we are using graphene to help customers’  
revolutionize the performance of their products. 

Directa Plus is one of the largest producers and suppliers 
worldwide of graphene nanoplatelets-based products for use 
in consumer and industrial markets. 

Our graphene nanoplatelets-based products are natural, chemical-free and 
sustainably produced. Our production process is designed to meet large 
supply chains' requirements for volume, cost and quality control. 

By incorporating Directa Plus’s unique graphene blends, identified by  
the G+ brand, our customers can revolutionize the performances  
of their own end products in commercial applications such as 
textiles, tyres, composite materials and environmental 
solutions. We partner with our customers to enable 
them to offer the high-performance benefits of  
G+ in their own products. 

Our company has a unique and patented 
technology process and a scalable and portable 
manufacturing model. We produce graphene 
nanoplatelets-based products at our own 
factory near Milan, Italy, and can set up 
additional production at customer locations to 
reduce transport costs, waste and time-to-
utilisation. We are strongly committed to 
environmental sustainability and abided by a strong 
Code of Ethics in all aspects of our business practice.

Contents

01 Highlights 
02 Target market progress 
03 At a glance   
04 Chairman’s statement  
06 Our strategy and business model 
08 Chief Executive Officer’s review  
14 Market review  
16 Chief Financial Officer’s review  
18 Directors’ biographies 
20 Section 172 
21 Directors’ report  
24 Corporate governance report 

28 Directors’ remuneration report  
30 Audit Committee report  
31 Remuneration Committee report  
32 Independent auditor’s report 
36 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income  
37 Consolidated and company statement of financial position 
38 Consolidated statement of changes in equity  
38 Company statement of changes in equity  
39 Consolidated and company statement of cash flows  
40 Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
IBC Directors, secretary and advisers  

Directors, secretary and advisers

Directors 
Sir Peter Middleton – Non-Executive Chairman 

Giulio Cesareo – CEO and Founder 

Marco Ferrari – Chief Financial Officer 

David Gann – Non-Executive Director 

Neil Warner – Non-Executive Director 

Richard Hickinbotham – Non-Executive Director  

Company Secretary 
Marco Ferrari 

Registration number 
04679109 

Registered office 
3rd Floor 
11-12 St James’s Square 
London SW1Y 4LB 
United Kingdom 

Principal place of business 
Directa Plus Plc 
ComoNExT Science Park 
Via Cavour 2 
22074 Lomazzo (Co)  
Italy 

Nominated adviser and broker 
Cantor Fitzgerald Europe 
5 Churchill Place 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 5HU 
United Kingdom

Joint broker 
N+1 Singer 
1 Bartholomew Lane 
London EC2N 2AX 
United Kingdom 

Auditors  
BDO LLP 
55 Baker Street 
London W1U 7EU 
United Kingdom 

Legal advisers 
Fox Williams LLP 
10 Finsbury Square 
London EC2A 1AF 
United Kingdom 

Registrar 
Link Market Services Limited 
The Registry 
34 Beckenham Road 
Beckenham 
Kent BR3 4TU 
United Kingdom 

Financial PR adviser 
Tavistock  
1 Cornhill 
London EC3V 3NR 
United Kingdom 

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Printed sustainably in the UK  
by Pureprint, a CarbonNeutral® 
company with FSC® chain  
of custody and an ISO 14001-
certified environmental 
management system recycling 
over 99% of all dry waste.

 
 
 
Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Highlights

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

01

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Proven, successful strategy maintained 

• Target existing products and markets that can be significantly improved with the 

addition of Directa Plus products 

• Working with established manufacturers and vendors worldwide, we are able to gain 
market insight and access, further develop our technologies, bring products to market 
faster, and capture maximum value from the supply chain by providing expertise, 
know-how and services as well as materials 

• Focus on those vertical markets in which the Company can gain strong traction – 

textiles, environmental remediation, elastomers and composites 

COVID-19 

• The Company has been concerned first and foremost with the health and well-being 
of our employees as well as those of our industrial partners and the wider community 

• We have been able to maintain production and remain effective as a business 

through remote working 

• A new Emergency COVID-19 project, using G+® graphene, could offer the right 

balance of filtration and breathability in masks whilst providing similar anti-bacterial 
performance to gowns and gloves. We are currently undertaking studies to 
investigate the potential of a new anti-viral molecule coupled with G+® graphene 

Financial highlights

Product sales and service revenue  
increased to €2.63 million (2018: 
€2.25 million).

Total income (including grants) increased  
to €2.81m (2018: €2.50 million).

Loss after tax €3.40 million (2018: €3.96 
million), in line with market expectations.

€2.63 million 

€2.81 million 

(€3.4 million)

Successful placing to raise €8.52m  
(£7.41 million) in October.

Acquisition of a 51 per cent majority holding 
in Setcar S.A. completed in November and 
has been earnings accretive.

€8.52 million 

51%

Cash and cash equivalents at year end of 
€10.91 million (2018: €5.50 million), 
providing the Group with the financial 
capacity to support our growth ambitions 
and to withstand at least until the end of 
2021 the uncertainties and challenges 
created by the COVID-19 pandemic.

€10.91 million

 
 
 
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02 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Target market progress

Textiles 
•  New agreement signed with partner and customer Alfredo Grassi covering workwear and military 

outerwear in Europe and North Africa 

•  Potential new alliances for the workwear and transportation markets on a worldwide basis under 

evaluation, with a specific focus on the UK and the US 

•  Exclusive agreement with Loro Piana for the commercialisation of Loro Piana fabrics and garments 

enriched by G+® technology, with an initial duration of three years and a minimum value of €800,000 

Environmental Remediation 
•  Award of first Grafysorber® full service contract in July to treat sludges and by-products for an 

international oil and gas company operating European onshore wells  

•  Transformational acquisition of a 51 per cent majority holding in Setcar S.A. completed in November 

has been earnings accretive 

– a further 47 per cent was acquired by the parent company of our industrial partner GSP Group, a leading 

provider of offshore integrated services for the oil and gas industry with rigs operating in Romania,  
Turkey, Greece and Mexico 

– a well regarded business, established in 1994, that fulfils our key strategic objective of fully integrating  

into the value chain in one of our most important verticals 

•  Under the new partners’ ownership, Setcar gained its first contract in December to provide a suite  
of environmental decontamination services on the Trinity – 1X gas project in Block 30 offshore 
Romania for approximately US$1 million 

•  In February 2020, Setcar gained a contract to supply environmental services to GSP Offshore, 

 part of GSP, with a value of approximately €700,000 per annum over seven years 

•  Grant of European patent in April 2020 covering the use of Grafysorber® to decontaminate water 

containing hydrocarbons resulting from the production of oil 

Asphalt 
•  Successful real world trials of G+® enhanced asphalt supermodifier, Gipave, developed with  

partner Iterchimica, on public roads in Rome and Oxfordshire in the UK 

•  Post year end, in January 2020, six-month trial began on a high traffic taxiway used for 

intercontinental aircraft at Rome's Fiumicino airport  

•  Agreement signed in April 2020 covering the exclusive supply of G+® graphene to Iterchimica  

in the asphalt and bitumen sector worldwide for an initial duration of three years 

Corporate

Current patent portfolio increased to 
30 patents granted, seven of which were 
granted post year-end, with important 
grants and filings in both the US and  
China in 2019.

EU grant received in January 2020 to 
develop an environmentally sustainable 
technology to digitally print G+® graphene 
on fabrics.

>30 Patents

OEKO-TEX® independent non-toxic 
certification (an Eco Passport) received in 
February 2020 for our G+® printing paste 
technology.

Frost and Sullivan Technology Innovation 
Award granted to the Company in May 2020 
for unique Grafysorber® performances in 
environmental remediation industry.

Grafysorber®

 
Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

At a glance

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

03

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Our graphene nanoplatelets-based products are natural, chemical-free  
and sustainably produced. Our production process is designed to meet  
large supply chains' requirements for volume, cost and quality control. 

Our vision is to produce nanoplatelets-based products that are 
natural, chemical-free and sustainable. 

G+® Technology 
Under our G+® brand, we offer a range of graphene nanoplatelets-based products – either 
ready-to-use or custom-blended to meet customers' specific technical requirements. 

Benefits of our products 
• Chemical-free  • Certified as non-toxic  • High purity  • Consistent quality 
• Taylor-made particles shape  • Abundant, safe and non-toxic raw material 

4 target vertical markets

 1 
Environmental Remediation  

2 
Textiles  

Using our Grafysorber® technology to help the oil  
& gas industry to tackle environmental issues from 
hydrocarbon pollution. 

Printing our nanoplatelets on fabrics, and enhanced 
membranes for the sports, luxury, fashion, workwear 
and military markets. 

3 
Elastomers 

4 
Composites  

Improving the efficiency and longevity of tyres for all 
road transport. 

Introducing the next generation of graphene-
enhanced asphalts for a lower carbon world. 

2

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04 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Chairman’s statement

Sir Peter Middleton 
Chairman

I am pleased to report that 2019 was a 
transformational year for Directa Plus. 
Towards the end of the year, we completed  
the purchase of a 51.0% interest in the 
environmental services company Setcar and 
further strengthened the Group’s balance 
sheet through an oversubscribed Placing and 
Open Offer. Despite the added demands of  
our acquisition of Setcar, strong commercial 
momentum was sustained across the 
business, re-enforcing our position as a 
leading producer and supplier of differentiated 
graphene-based products under our G+® brand. 
Our full year revenue of €2.81m was up 17% 
over the prior year including a €0.88m 
contribution from Setcar since its acquisition 
in November 2019. We have a robust balance 
sheet with year-end net cash of €10.9m that 
provides us with the financial capacity to 
support our growth ambitions and to 
withstand the uncertainties and challenges 
created by the COVID-19 pandemic.  

The Group’s graphene manufacturing 
operations and headquarters are located in 
Lomazzo in the Lombardy region of Northern 
Italy, which has been one of Europe’s worst 
affected areas for COVID-19. As such the Board 
has been concerned first and foremost with  
the health and well-being of our employees  
as well as those of our industrial partners and  
the wider community in which we operate.  
It is a testament to our executive team that  
the decision was taken early to reduce the 
headcount at our factory to a minimum and  
to move all remaining staff to work remotely.  

“We now have a strong confirmed forward order book for 
2020 and a growing number of differentiated products 
across large, diverse end markets. In environmental 
services, we expect to continue to make progress this 
year. In textiles, new product launches, as well as 
geographical expansion, place the Group in a good position 
to support textile producers in meeting the needs 
triggered by COVID-19.”

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

05

As a result, our manufacturing operations are 
continuing with the production of G+® products 
and our development activities continue apace. 
On behalf of the Board I would like particularly 
to thank our leadership team and our 
employees for their dedication and hard work 
in a difficult and very challenging environment. 

The benefits of our G+® graphene are becoming 
increasingly well recognised by our existing and 
potential partners with whom we are closely 
engaged. Our low cost, scalable manufacturing 
plant uses a proprietary and patented 
chemical-free process to produce pristine 
graphene-based materials and hybrid 
graphene materials for a variety of uses. Our  
G+® product is proven to be non-toxic and is 
available in various forms such as powder, 
liquid and paste and can be tailored to 
optimise the performance and characteristics 
of our partners end products. We are creating  
a generation of new products with exceptional 
properties and the progress we are making  
in our targeted business verticals is detailed 
within the Chief Executive’s Review. 

The acquisition of Setcar was an important 
milestone for the Group in our 
commercialisation strategy for our patented 
Grafysorber® oil decontamination and 
remediation product. Our partner GSP has 
extensive operations with an established 
infrastructure, including strong third party 
customer relationships, to promote the 
unparalleled benefits of Grafysorber ®. The 
acquisition of Setcar has enabled the Group  

to capture additional value for shareholders 
through the provision of added value upstream 
services and by moving away from the 
provision of Grafysorber® alone. We are 
delighted to welcome the Setcar team to 
Directa Plus and look forward to delivering  
on our ambitions in this key market vertical 
alongside further progress in textiles, our 
other key vertical.  

Our reputation is of course fundamental to 
our future success and set alongside our 
growing knowledge pool and technical ability, 
our forward-thinking approach continues to 
create new opportunities. Post year-end we 
signed a worldwide agreement with asphalt 
additive company Iterchimica following four 
years of investment in R&D and extensive 
trials of Gipave, the asphalt additive based on 
G+® graphene. The Board believes there is a 
significant opportunity for Gipave to capture a 
material share of the asphalt and bitumen 
paving market based on its proven real-world 
performance. Extensive work is currently 
being undertaken also to assess the potential 
for G+® to be incorporated into medical 
devices such as masks, gowns and gloves. We 
have long known of the strong anti-bacterial 
and thermal properties of our graphene but 
there may be a similar anti-viral effect also 
and we hope that G+® may be able to assist in 
the fight against COVID-19. 

In closing, I should like to thank our 
shareholders, new and old, for their continued 
loyalty and support. Directa Plus continues to 

position itself for a strong future and our 
ability to grow which reflects our stakeholders’ 
confidence in the business and strategy. 2020 
brings with it greater challenges and 
uncertainties than usual as a result of 
COVID-19. We shall not escape its impact, 
particularly in fashion related textiles, but 
there are also reasons to be optimistic.  
We now have a strong confirmed forward 
order book for 2020 and a growing number of 
differentiated products across large, diverse 
end markets. In environmental services, we 
expect to continue to make progress this year 
through Setcar providing growing revenues 
and profits that will enable us to invest further 
in the business. In textiles, new product 
launches, potentially including bacteria  
and virus inhibiting materials, as well as 
geographical expansion, place the Group in a 
good position to support textile producers in 
meeting the needs triggered by COVID-19. The 
Board remains confident that 2020 will see 
further positive progress and developments. 

Sir Peter Middleton 
Chairman 
20 May 2020

The acquisition of Setcar was an important 
milestone for the Group in our 
commercialisation strategy for our patented 
Grafysorber® oil decontamination and 
remediation product.

Grafysorber®

Strong commercial momentum was sustained 
across the business, re-enforcing our position 
as a leading producer and supplier of graphene- 
based products under our G+® brand. Full year 
revenue of €2.81m was up 17%.

€2.81million 

 
06 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Our strategy

Welcome to the Graphene Age. 
G+® graphene is not just a material. It's a vision. Our vision.  
It's the way we are changing everything in the world. 

Our vision is for a world that is cleaner and healthier by producing graphene 
products that not only are natural and chemical free but help achieve  
this and enhance clients own products. 

Directa Plus has developed a proprietary scalable, modular manufacturing 
process to produce and supply high quality engineered graphene materials – 
marketed under its ‘Graphene Plus’ (G+®) brand – which can be used by third 
parties in a wide variety of industrial and commercial applications.  

Our Core Values  
1. DIVERSITY  Directa Plus has always invested in diversity. The desire to differentiate 

ourselves has been reflected over the years in our product: G+® – Graphene Plus, a unique  
and inimitable creation whose main features are its purity and sustainability. The uniqueness 
of this material, in all its forms, comes directly from the production method: at Directa Plus  
we transform every single gram of graphite into a gram of graphene, through a process  
based entirely on the principles of physics, without any chemical processing. 

2. QUALITY  Graphene Plus is a different material, unique and absolutely pure. In order to 

guarantee the highest quality of our products and of the services we provide, Directa Plus has 
developed innovative working methods, and we have organised the Advanced Development 
Area, a lab specialised in the applications of G+® graphene. 

3. SAFETY  For Directa Plus, safety has always been a core value. Over the years we have invested 
effort and resources in the creation of a material that is able to ensure maximum safety, both for 
those who use it and for those who work on it. The safety of our G+® graphene is proven by the 
independent certifications of non-toxicity and non-cytotoxicity of all G+® products. 

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Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

07 

We seek to embed our products first with Italian  
(and regional) companies with large international 
footprints to provide reference customers, before 
rolling out globally. The success of this strategy  
can be seen in our progress in the textiles and 
environmental remediation markets.

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Brand 
strength and 
endurance 

Operational
efficiency

®

Focused
and clear
direction

Flexible
approach

International 
development

Financial
stability

+     Integrating our intellectual property into 

new products allows our customers to gain 
significant competitive advantage. 

+     The commercialisation model we  
follow is based on capturing for our 
shareholders a proportion of customers’ 
additional revenues and profits.  

+    This could be royalty payments, upfront 

enabling licence payments, joint-ventures 
to get closer to end-users or a combination 
of all three. 

+    As a company, we are committed to sharing 
in the proceeds of customers’ growth from 
new products, rather than merely supplying 
an essential ingredient.

 
08 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Chief Executive Officer’s review

Giulio Cesareo 
CEO

Introduction 

2019 saw great progress for Directa Plus not 
only in our key verticals of environmental 
remediation solutions and textiles, but also in 
the other industrial sectors where we have 
developed graphene enhanced products and 
services where we see material opportunities. 

Strategy and Business model 

We continue to believe that successful 
innovations are collaborative, starting from 
existing ideas, resources and contacts and 
facilitated through the introduction of 
competencies and assets from partners.  
These are then combined together in a new 
market context, resulting in new next 
generation products or significant 
improvements to existing products.  

We believe that our commercial strategy has 
been validated as the best path for Directa Plus. 
By working with established manufacturers  
and vendors, we are able to gain market insight 
and access, further develop our technologies, 
bring products to market faster, and capture 
maximum value from the supply chain. 

We always seek to develop the right business 
model to suit the product and partnership.  
This ethos means that we retain and actively 
promote flexibility and optionality throughout 
our Company. 

“2018 has seen accelerating commercial traction with 
agreements and collaborations signed, and orders 
received, for products to be delivered over the next 
twelve months. We are gaining real, measurable 
commercial traction and maintaining our technological 
and commercial lead over our competitors, 
demonstrated by the number of products launched.”

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Annual Report & Accounts 2019  09 

Directa Plus  

Our R&D efforts throughout 2019 supported 
our strategy and we have generated 
significant new intellectual property assets, 
across our industrial landscape. We continue 
to find new ways to improve and optimise 
products and services for end users with  
the use and development of our graphene 
based technology. 

Directa Plus’s stature as a differentiated 
producer and supplier of graphene continues 
to build strongly and during the year this was 
additionally recognised through an invitation 
to join the Industry Council of the US National 
Graphene Association (NGA), the main body 
in the US advocating and promoting the 
commercialisation of graphene. Membership 
of the NGA’s Industry Council is available to  
a select group of influential graphene 
companies that are positioned to assume a 
leading role in the development of the global 
graphene market. Directa Plus is very proud 
to be part of the organisation. 

Potential for G+® 
to protect against the 
spread of COVID-19 

As you will know, Northern Italy, where our 
graphene manufacturing facility and 
corporate offices are situated has been badly 
impacted by COVID-19 and the measures 
necessary to prevent its spread. Despite this,  

I am pleased to report that the Group have 
been able to maintain production and remain 
effective as a business through remote 
working. Keeping all our employees safe and 
ensuring their well-being is of the utmost 
importance to us.  

Against this backdrop, Directa Plus has been 
dedicating R&D efforts to find ways to help 
alleviate the spread of COVID-19. Whilst  
we have known of graphene’s strong 
bacteriostatic properties for some time, there 
are indications that there may similarly be  
an anti-viral effect that can be utilised by 
applying graphene to fabric. As such, we have 
been working on a new project, Emergency 
COVID, which uses graphene in the 
production of medical devices such as masks, 
gloves and gowns to provide enhanced 
prevention properties that could make an 
important contribution in the easing of 
restrictions in the second phase response  
to the pandemic.  

We believe that Personal Protective 
Equipment, enhanced appropriately by G+® 
graphene, could offer the right balance of 
filtration and breathability in masks whilst 
providing anti-bacterial and potentially 
anti-viral performance that would also be 
effective in clothing such as gowns and 
gloves. This could result in a safer “go to work” 
and “go to sport” environment for all citizens 
and I hope to be able to report this time next 

year that Directa Plus has been able to play 
its part in turning the tide against COVID-19. 

Textiles 
The intelligent use of graphene in modifying 
fabrics can provide a variety of performance 
benefits to the wearer of garments made 
using these enhanced fabrics. Improved 
thermal regulation delivers much higher 
levels of comfort and, for example, more 
efficient output for sportspeople, manual  
or physical workers, and can expand the 
range of fabrics suitable to different  
climactic conditions. Graphene is applied to 
garments through our proprietary fabric 
printing technology and through laminated 
graphene membranes. We are also working 
on novel ways to introduce graphene to the 
weave of fabrics themselves.  

Directa Plus’s progress in the period was 
extremely pleasing, in particular the 
partnership with Alfredo Grassi and our 
exclusive agreement with Loro Piana,  
as further detailed below. 

Alfredo Grassi 
Our long-standing industrial partnership with 
Alfredo Grassi S.p.A (Grassi), was deepened in 
May 2019 with an agreement to collaborate in 
the further development of graphene 
enhanced workwear and to expand into 
military outerwear. 

Our R&D efforts throughout 2019 supported 
our strategy and we have generated 
significant new intellectual property assets, 
across our industrial landscape. We continue 
to find new ways to improve and optimise 
products and services for end users.

We have been working on a new project, 
‘Emergency COVID’, which uses graphene  
in the production of medical devices such  
as masks, gloves and gowns to provide 
enhanced prevention properties. This could 
result in a safer “go to work” and “go to 
sport” environment for all citizens. 

ABOVE LEFT / ABOVE: Samples of our new G+® 
COVID prevention masks and a weekly filter pack. 

RIGHT: Giulio Cesareo with Riccardo Comerio CEO 
of rubber machinery manufacturer, Comerio Ercole, 
agreeing an R&D tie-up to co-develop tire mixing 
techniques and technologies for processing 
formulations containing graphene.

 
10 10 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Chief Executive Officer’s review continued

The agreement between Directa Plus and 
Grassi provides for exclusive co-operation in 
these key sectors, leveraging on the 
established advantages of our Planar  
Thermal CircuitTM. The main objectives are: 

+  To promote the uptake of graphene 
enhanced, advanced workwear and 
military outerwear in Italy, most of  
Europe and North Africa; 

+  To develop new products suitable for  

end users in relevant industrial verticals; 

+  To build a greater joint understanding  
of market trends and drivers affecting  
demand for such products; and 

+  To offer end users the maximum level of 

sustainability along the entire supply chain. 

We are also evaluating potential new alliances 
for the workwear vertical on a global basis 
with a specific focus on the UK and the US 
and will update shareholders at the 
appropriate time. 

Loro Piana 
In March 2019 we announced an exclusive 
agreement with Loro Piana for the 
commercialisation of Loro Piana fabrics  
and garments enriched by Directa Plus’s G+® 
technology, with an initial duration of three 
years and a minimum value of €800,000. 

Loro Piana is renowned for the quality of its 
fabrics and garments, even amongst the global 
luxury fashion industry, and for its extreme 
sensitivity to the environment along its entire 
value chain. These principles align perfectly 
with Directa Plus’s own culture and we look 
forward to jointly developing and achieving 
significant innovations in high quality fabrics. 

Environmental remediation 
Environmental remediation solutions are 
amongst Directa Plus’s most commercially 
advanced activities. The Group is successfully 
gaining and fulfilling contracts using our 
proprietary Grafysorber® technology. 
Grafysorber® is used to treat water 
contaminated by hydrocarbons and is at 
least five times more effective than current 
technologies, adsorbing more than 100 times 
its own weight of oil-based pollutants. 
Furthermore, Grafysorber® is sustainably 
produced in common with all our products, 
and it is non-flammable and reusable, with 
the adsorbed hydrocarbons recoverable. 

Oil & Gas supply and service contract 
In July, Directa was awarded an 
environmental remediation contract worth 
approximately €150,000 to treat several 
thousand cubic meters of sludges and 
by-products for an international oil and  

gas company, operating European onshore 
wells. Directa Plus is providing a full service 
to the customer through the supply of a  
mobile treatment unit and operating the 
recovery process.  

Setcar S.A. 
The key development in the year was the 
announcement of our acquisition of a 51 per 
cent majority holding in Setcar S.A. in 
September 2019, with completion finalised in 
November 2019. Setcar was established in 
1994 and is a highly regarded environmental 
remediation services business based in Braila, 
Romania, and operating in the Black Sea 
region. Setcar has been a commercial partner 
of Directa Plus since 2014 and previously has 
contributed to the industrial development of 
our Grafysorber® mobile decontamination 
units, so we are familiar with their capabilities 
and clear sighted on the potential 
opportunities.  

The acquisition fulfils our key strategic 
objective of fully integrating into the value 
chain in one of our most important verticals. 
We are working with established industrial 
partners to provide a service solution to take 
advantage of their expertise and existing 
commercial relationships, whilst also capturing 
maximum value from the supply chain. 

RIGHT: Giulio Cesareo (second left) and COO 
Razvan Popescu (left) at Setcar.

The agreement between Directa Plus and 
Alfredo Grassi provides for exclusive  
co-operation in key sectors, leveraging on 
the established advantages of our Planar 
Thermal CircuitTM.

In February 2020 we signed an exclusive 
agreement with Loro Piana for the 
commercialisation of Loro Piana fabrics 
and garments enriched by Directa Plus’s G+® 
technology, with an initial duration of three 
years and a minimum value of €800,000.

The key development in the year was the 
announcement of our acquisition of a 51% 
majority holding in Setcar S.A., a commercial 
partner of Directa Plus and contributor to the 
industrial development of our Grafysorber® 
mobile decontamination units.

€800,000

51% holding

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2018 

Annual Report & Accounts 2019  11 11

Directa Plus acquired 51 per cent of Setcar 
with a further 47.03 per cent acquired by  
the parent company of our industrial partner 
GSP Group, a leading provider of offshore 
integrated services for the oil and gas industry 
with rigs operating in Romania, Turkey,  
Greece and Mexico, for a combined total 
consideration of €4.1 million and we expect 
the acquisition has been earnings accretive. 
The acquisition was funded out of the 
proceeds of a £7.4 million capital raise that is 
detailed in our Chief Financial Officers report.  

Following its acquisition, Setcar gained its first 
contract to provide a suite of environmental 
decontamination services on the Trinity – 1X 
gas project in Block 30 offshore Romania.  
The value of the Contract is estimated to be 
approximately US$1 million invoiced between 
2019 and first quarter 2020 and evidences the 
first step in what we envisage to be a highly 
successful relationship for Setcar, Directa, and 
our partner GSP. Post year-end, in February 
2020, Setcar also signed a contract to supply 
environmental services to GSP Offshore, part 
of GSP, to the value of approximately €700,000 
per annum over a period of seven years.  
We are pleased with the integration of Setcar 
into the Group and look forward to achieving 
further progress.  

Other applications for G+® 

The Group has made significant strides 
elsewhere in our deployment of our 
graphene technology in other industrial 
verticals, particularly in elastomers and 
composite materials.  

Iterchimica 
Last year we reported that as part of our 
partnership with Iterchimica we had jointly 
undertaken the first real world trials of a road 
surface enhanced with a supermodifier 
containing G+® graphene, on a section of 
Rome’s Strada Provinciale Ardeatina. This 
and subsequent trials have been highly 
successful and the product has now been 
branded as Gipave. Gipave works by 
increasing a road surface’s resistance to 
deformation through its ability to manage 
temperature fluctuations, leading to less 
cracking and warping. The useful life of  
a Gipave road surface is extended and there 
is a material reduction in the maintenance 
requirement, ultimately saving money for 
public highways agencies, road users, and 
taxpayers. Once laid, Gipave can be 100 per 
cent recycled which can reduce the 
extraction of new materials from quarries 
and first-use bitumen. 

In April 2019 we able to report on the Rome 
trial, comparing asphalt concrete with the 
super modifier to a traditional asphalt 
surfacing, noting impressive results: 

+  Enhanced service life – fatigue resistance 
improvement was measured at over  
250 per cent; 

+  Improved resistance to the passage of 
vehicles – mechanical tests showed an 
Indirect Tensile Strength increase of  
35 per cent; 

+  Greater resistance to deformation at  

the same load – Stiffness Modulus was 
measured at different temperatures, 
showing an improvement of 46 per cent  
at 40°C; and 

+  Lower permanent plastic deformation – 
rutting values (track left by tyres) was  
35 per cent lower at 60°C. 

Following the success of the Italian trial, 
Gipave was deployed in November 2019  
on a busy section of road in Curbridge, 
Oxfordshire in the UK and is helping to prove 
the benefits of the product in different 
climactic conditions.  

After the year end, in January 2020, a 
six-month trial also began at Rome’s 
Fiumicino airport on taxiway Alpha Alpha,  

Setcar gained its first contract In December 
2019 to provide a suite of environmental 
decontamination services on the Trinity – 1X 
gas project in Block 30 offshore Romania. 
The value of the Contract is estimated to be 
approximately US$1 million.

US$1 million

First real world trials of a road surface 
enhanced with a supermodifier containing 
G+® graphene, on a section of Rome’s Strada 
Provinciale Ardeatina. This and subsequent 
trials have been highly successful and the 
product has now been branded as Gipave. 

ABOVE: Federica Giannattasio, Iterchimica’s CEO 
with Giulio Cesareo, launching the joint 
Cooperation Agreement. Directa Plus signed  
a worldwide cooperation agreement with 
Iterchimica, covering. the exclusive supply of  
G+® graphene to Iterchimica. 

World 1st

12 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Chief Executive Officer’s review continued

a high traffic taxiway used for intercontinental 
aircraft such as Boeing 777s and Airbus 
A380s. In view of COVID-19 restrictions we will 
be working with the airport to assess and 
evaluate the on-going parameters of the trial. 
In April 2020, Directa Plus signed a worldwide 
cooperation agreement with Iterchimica, 
covering the exclusive supply of G+® graphene 
to Iterchimica in the asphalt and bitumen 
sector worldwide for an initial duration of 
three years.  

Intellectual Property 
Our culture of R&D and our vision to bring  
the benefits of graphene to industrial  
sectors where we see the greatest 
opportunity ensures that Directa Plus is 
constantly growing its suite of intellectual 
property assets. Our patent portfolio is 
currently composed of 30 patents (seven  
of which were granted post year-end) and  
24 pending patents. In 2019 we were 
granted five patents. 

Achievements in 2019:  
+  An Italian patent covering the use of G+® 
graphene in the manufacture of golf balls 
was granted in May 2019;  

+  A Chinese patent, covering Directa Plus’s 

unique process for manufacturing pristine 
graphene nanoplatelets, was granted in 
April 2019; 

+  Directa Plus’s unique exfoliation technology 
is chemical free, has an extremely high 
yield, and can be varied to produce 
graphene nanoplatelets with specific 
morphologies, with high production volume 
capability. This technology and process is 
protected under granted patents in Europe. 
In October 2019 we successfully gained a 
United States patent and continue to look 
to expand IP protection worldwide; 

+  A further US patent was awarded in July 
2019 covering the technology that allows 
Directa Plus to create an ink based on its 
G+® graphene product. In addition to its 
thermal properties, the G+® ink can be  
used in textile applications to provide 
flame retardant properties or electrical 
conductivity, as well as for coating 
applications in, for example, the 
production of battery electrodes; and 

+  In September 2019, we were granted an 
Italian patent for polyurethane film 
containing G+® graphene nanoplatelets, 
developed with the Company’s membrane 
partner, Novaresin. We are currently in the 
process of extending this patent protection 
internationally. The new membrane will be 
marketed under the brands GrafythermTM 
and GrafyshieldTM and provides water 
protection as well as breathability 
alongside G+® performance in respect of 
thermal and electrical conductivity, 

infrared absorption and bacteriostaticity. 
The membrane will be deployed initially  
in the apparel industry. 

Post year-end 
+  In January 2020, Directa Plus signed an 
agreement with Comerio Ercole S.p.A. 
(Comerio) to pursue joint research and 
development projects using the 
Company’s G+ ®technology to develop 
products in the rubber and tyres, plastic 
and non-woven materials industries; 

+  Also in January 2020, the Company 
received an EU grant to develop an 
environmentally sustainable technology to 
digitally print its G+ ®graphene on fabrics; 

+  The Group secured an OEKO-TEX® 

certification in February 2020 for Directa 
Plus’s proprietary G+® graphene printing 
paste technology. An Eco Passport by 
OEKO-TEX® is an independent non-toxic 
certification system for chemicals, 
colourants and auxiliaries used in the 
textile and leather industry; and 

+  In April 2020, we were granted a European 

patent covering Grafysorber’s use to 
decontaminate water containing 
hydrocarbons resulting from the 
production of oil. This significantly 
increases our potential addressable market 
in Europe in our environmental vertical.  

Our culture of R&D and our vision ensures 
that Directa Plus is constantly growing  
its suite of intellectual property assets.  
Our patent portfolio is currently composed  
of 30 patents.

RIGHT: Oil adsorption device made with 
Grafysorber® and produced by Directa Plus.

30 patents

OEKO-TEX® independent non-toxic 
certification (an Eco Passport) received  
in February 2020 fG+or our G+® printing  
paste technology.

In April 2020, we were granted a European 
patent covering Grafysorber’s use to 
decontaminate water containing 
hydrocarbons resulting from the  
production of oil. 

Eco Passport

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Annual Report & Accounts 2019  13 

Directa Plus  

Directa Plus seeks to be a 
farsighted company, helping to 
build a better future and our 
ambition as a Group remains 
undimmed. We do not intend  
to let COVID-19 prevent us from 
capturing new opportunities 
across all of our key markets. 

Giulio Cesareo 
Chief Executive Officer 
20 May 2020 

Outlook 
Without question, 2019 was a landmark year 
for Directa Plus with the Group making  
great strides, in particular in our key textile 
and environmental remediation verticals.  
The acquisition of Setcar has bedded in  
well into the Group and is proving to be as 
transformative as we expected. We continue 
to make strong progress in other sectors, 
such as asphalts, where our G+® technology 
and partnerships also bring material 
opportunities. 

It is extremely sad therefore that 2020 has 
started with such uncertainty for the global 
economy and the global community due  
to the spread of COVID-19. We have 
nevertheless responded quickly to the crisis 
to ensure the absolute safety and wellbeing 
of our employees and to protect our 
business. Whilst we are well positioned in our 
key verticals with a growing recognition for 
Directa Plus and for the outstanding benefits 
of our G+® technology, we do not expect to 
be entirely immune from the effects of 
COVID-19 and as a result of heightened 
uncertainties have withdrawn forward 
guidance to stakeholders at this time until 
volatility in related markets reduces.  

Nevertheless, I am pleased to report that 
our April year to date revenues of €1.8m are 

almost treble those of the same period last 
year and we have a strong order book. 
Under our COVID-19 scenario planning, our 
base case scenario shows a notable near 
trebling of revenue for the year, albeit a 
reduction against initial expectations. In 
addition to this we hope to benefit from a 
number of attractive prospects, not least in 
COVID-19 related applications. We have a 
robust balance sheet with year-end net cash 
of €10.9m that additionally provides us with  
the financial capacity to support our  
growth ambitions and to withstand the 
uncertainties and challenges created by the 
COVID-19 pandemic. 

The concept of “lean into the future” is  
key to us and we shall continue to look to 
understand new market needs and to 
leverage on the incredible enabling 
properties of our G+® graphene in order  
to satisfy them. In this respect, we hope to 
be able to play a meaningful role in the 
provision of Personal Protection  
Equipment, taking advantage of the 
bacteriostatic and potential antiviral 
properties of our G+® graphene. We will of 
course keep stakeholders appraised of the 
new opportunities we will target and on 
the likely impacts of COVID-19 as the 
situation becomes clearer. 

Without question 2019 was a landmark year 
for Directa Plus in so many respects with  
the Group making great strides, in particular 
in our key textile and environmental 
remediation verticals. 

Landmark year

The concept of “lean into the future”  
is key to us and we shall continue to look  
to understand new market needs and to 
leverage on the incredible enabling 
properties of our G+® graphene in order  
to satisfy them. 

 
14 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Market review

Our graphene nanoplatelets-based products are natural, chemical-free 
and sustainably produced. Our production process is designed to meet 
large supply chains’ requirements for volume, cost and quality control. 

Our vision is to produce nanoplatelets-based products that are natural, 
chemical-free and sustainable. 

By incorporating Directa Plus’s unique graphene blends, identified by the G+® 
brand, our customers can revolutionise the performances of their own end 
products in commercial applications such as textiles, tyres, asphalts and 
environmental solutions. We partner with our customers to enable them  
to offer the high-performance benefits of G+® in their own products. 

Our company has a unique and patented technology process and a scalable 
and portable manufacturing model. We produce graphene nanoplatelets-
based products at our own factory near Milan, Italy, and can set up  
additional production at customer locations to reduce transport costs,  
waste and time-to-utilisation.  

We are strongly committed to environmental sustainability and abided  
by a strong Code of Ethics in all aspects of our business practice.

H
o
w
w
e
d
o

i
t

By incorporating Directa Plus’s unique 
graphene blends, identified by the G+® 
brand, our customers can revolutionise the 
performances of their own end products  
in commercial applications.

Our company has a unique and patented 
technology process and a scalable and 
portable manufacturing model. We produce 
graphene nanoplatelets-based products at 
our own factory near Milan, Italy.

Unique process

 
 
 
Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

15

G+® Technology  

Patented, modular process 

We offer a range of graphene nanoplatelets-based 
products – either ready-to-use or custom-blended to 
meet customers’ specific technical requirements. 

Benefits of our products: 
+  Chemical-free 
+  Certified as non-toxic 
+  High purity 
+  Consistent quality 
+  Taylor-made particles shape 
+ Abundant, safe and non-toxic raw material

Our production process uses a unique technique we 
call Plasma Super Expansion. Starting from natural 
graphite, each step of the process – expansion, 
exfoliation and drying – creates graphene 
nanoplatelets-based materials ready for a variety  
of uses and available in different forms such as 
powder, liquid and paste.  

Our production process produces a highly consistent 
graphene nanoplatelets product – an important 
factor for commercial customers – and does not 
need any chemical or solvent additives.

Tailor-made for customer needs 

Scalable, portable production 

When used in consumer and industrial applications, 
G+® enables end-products to perform better while 
remaining affordable.  

We partner with customers to develop bespoke 
graphene blends that have just the right morphology 
for their particular application. We produce the 
precise ingredient to make our customer’s product 
stand out from the competition.

Our factory near Milan can produce industrial 
quantities of graphene nanoplatelets-based 
products each year to supply large supply chains. 
In addition, we can set up production directly at 
customer locations, thus adding scalable 
capacity and reducing transport costs, waste 
and time-to-utilisation.

1
6
9
e
m
p
o
y
e
e
s

l

We partner with customers to develop 
bespoke graphene blends that have  
just the right morphology for their 
particular application.

Tailor-made

Right: CTO Laura Giorgia Rizzi and Sales Director 
Alessandra Bambini in the Directa Plus booth  
at ‘Première Vision Paris’, the global event for 
fashion professionals. Particular focus at  
Première Vision has been on sustainability  
and technology in fashion.

Above: Our production process produces  
a highly consistent graphene nanoplatelets 
product – an important factor for commercial 
customers – and does not need any chemical  
or solvent additives.

 
16 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Chief Financial Officer’s review

Key Performance Indicators 

The Board measures the performance of the 
Group through a number of important financial 
and non-financial KPIs. In a young business with a 
number of sector verticals, identifying 
measurable data that will provide useful insight 
year-on-year is not always straightforward but the 
KPIs below should help shareholders understand 
the Group’s progress. Our financial KPIs show 
significant improvement compared to 2018. 

The table below summarises the KPIs with further 
details contained later in my report: 

Financial review 

Revenue from product and service sales grew  
by 17 per cent to €2.63 million (2018: €2.25 
million) with the increase driven from higher 
revenue in our environmental remediation 
segment, occurred following the acquisition of 
Setcar, of €0.88 million (2018: €0.22 million). 
Revenues in our textile segment were flat at €1.65 
million (2018: €1.66 million) consolidating on the 
significant progress that was made in 2018. 

Other income, which mainly includes grants and 
R&D Expenditure Credit (RDEC) received by the 
Group, was €0.16 million (2018: €0.13 million). 
RDEC is an Italian government incentive scheme 
designed to encourage companies to invest in 
R&D by providing a tax credit and this accounted 
for €0.10 million (2018: € 0.10 million). Income 
from Government grants was driven by grants 
that are directly supporting key development 

Revenue from product and  
service sales €2.63 million.

€2.63million

Marco Ferrari 
Chief Financial Officer

“I am pleased to present the results of what has been 
another busy and important year for the Group.  
We have continued to shape and improve the finance 
team, focusing our activities on accuracy, timing and 
efficiency of the internal reporting to support our 
commercial and strategic decision-making. In addition,  
I can report that the managing the acquisition of  
Setcar S.A. and the post-acquisition finance and 
accounting activities went smoothly.”

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Annual Report & Accounts 2019  17 

Directa Plus  

activities, namely the GRATA textiles project 
and the Gipave asphalts project and 
accounted for €0.06 million in total. As a 
result, Directa Plus’s total income increased 
by 12% to €2.81 million (2018: €2.50 million). 

The EBITDA loss for the period was in line 
with management expectation at €2.71 
million compared with a €3.24 million loss for 
2018 and reflects both the increase in revenue 
and higher expenditure on raw materials,  
and also changes in inventories and other 
expenses. The loss after tax reduced to €3.40 
million compared with €3.96 million for 2018.  

provider of offshore integrated services for  
the oil and gas industry with rigs in operation 
in Romania, Turkey, Greece and Mexico,  
who acquired 47.03 per cent holding. The total 
consideration is €4.1 million of which the 
consideration payable by the Company is  
€2.1 million.  

Of the total consideration of €4.1 million,  
€2.1 million is to be paid in cash to the owners 
of Setcar as follows: 

+  €0.6 million upon Completion 

+  €0.4 million on 30 April 2020 

As at 31 December 2019, inventories totalled 
€1.10 million (2018: €0.86 million), a level that 
ensures that the Group can meet growing 
demand from key clients in a timely manner. 

+  €0.85 million on the first anniversary  

of Completion 

+  €0.25 million on the second anniversary  

of Completion 

In the short term the Group’s priorities 
continue to be focused on a reduction in  
cash consumption and an improvement in 
profitability. Cash and cash equivalents at  
31 December 2019 were €10.91 million  
(2018: €5.5 million).  

A description of the principal risks and 
uncertainties facing the Group is included 
within the Directors’ Report. 

Acquisition of Setcar S.A. 
On 25 November 2019 Directa Plus S.p.A. 
acquired 51 per cent of Setcar S.A., Setcar has 
been jointly acquired with GVC, a company 
ultimately owned by the GSP group, a leading 

Immediately following Completion, Directa 
Plus and GVC provided a loan to Setcar, in 
proportion to their respective shareholdings,  
in order to facilitate the payment of a  
€2 million dividend to the vendors of Setcar.  

The total consideration for the acquisition of 
Setcar is allocated to the identifiable assets 
acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value 
(Purchase Price Allocation or PPA). The 
identifiable finite-lived assets are then 
depreciated/amortised over their remaining 
useful lives. The Company used an 
independent specialist to provide the fair 
value on a per asset basis. The revaluation 
amounted to the fair value uplift of assets is 

€1.6 million (excluding deferred tax liabilities) 
with total assets after the revaluation to  
€5.6 million (excluding deferred tax liabilities) 
and Net Assets to €3.8 million. 

Capital raise 

During the financial year the Group benefited 
from the proceeds of two separate capital 
raises for total gross proceeds of £8.73 million: 

+  £1.32 million (approximately €1.47 million) 
in respect of a conditional placing and 
open offer (disclosed in the 2018 Annual 
Report) which settled on 9 January 2019; 
and 

+  £7.41 million (approximately €8.61 million) 
in respect of a placing and open offer of 
9,882,547 ordinary shares in aggregate 
(comprising 9,648,000 Placing Shares and 
234,547 Open Offer Shares) with a nominal 
value of £0.0025 each and a price of 75p 
that settled on 21 October 2019. 

Proceeds from the placing and open offer and 
conditional placing and open offer will be 
applied as follows: 

+  €2.1 million in respect of the completion of 
the acquisition of the Group’s 51 per cent. 
interest in Setcar S.A.; and  

+  €7.9 million to sustain the Group to cash 
flow break-even, and specifically to: 

     –   exploit commercial opportunities  

across a developing pipeline, including 
the fast-growing environmental 
remediation market; 

     –   build the Group’s sales and marketing 

 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS & FINANCIAL SUMMARY                                          2019                               2018 

reach; 

 Revenue from product and service sales (€’m)                                              2.63                          2.25 

 Total income* (€’m)                                                                                                    2.81                          2.50 

 LBITDA** (€’m)                                                                                                             (2.71)                       (3.24) 

 Loss after tax*** (€’m)                                                                                              (3.40)                       (3.96) 

 Reported basic loss per share (€)                                                                       (0.07)                       (0.09)p 

 Cash and cash equivalents (€’m)                                                                       10.91                          5.50 

 Total number of patents granted****                                                                     23                             18 

* Total Income comprises revenue from product and service sales (€2.63 million), and other income including 
government grants (€ 0.06 million) and RDEC – Research and Development Expenditure Credit (€0.10 million).  

** LBITDA represents results from operating activities before depreciation and amortisation of €0.84 million 
(2018: €0.67 million). Management believes that EBITDA provides a better reflection of operational performance 
by removing interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation. EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. 

*** The loss for the year of €3.40 million is split between a €3.58 million loss owned by the Company and a €0.18 
million profit in respect of non-controlling interests. 

**** Number of grants in portfolio at the end of the period.

     –   develop Directa Plus’s next generation 
of higher performing products; 

     –   improve graphene production layout  

to drive margin growth; and 

     –   maintain competitive advantage; and 

barriers to entry. 

Marco Ferrari 
Chief Financial Officer 
20 May 2020

 
18 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Directors’ biographies

Sir Peter Middleton 
Non-Executive Chairman 

Relevant strengths 
•

Track record and credentials in 
financial markets 

•

•

Deep financial expertise 

Corporate governance and 
investors relations 

Giulio Cesareo 
CEO and Founder 

Marco Ferrari 
Chief Financial Officer 

Relevant strengths 
•

Industry knowledge and credentials 

Relevant strengths 
•

Financial reporting and accounting 

•

•

Strategic and business expertise 

Engineering expertise 

•

•

Growing businesses and funding 

M&A and business planning 

Prior to joining Directa Plus, Marco was a 
financial advisor at EY, involved in several 
M&A transactions, with a focus on energy, 
renewable energy and oil & gas industries. 
Other experience includes Deutsche Bank, 
Deloitte and Dezan Shira & Associates in 
China. Marco holds a degree in Business 
Administration and Master of Science in 
Accounting, Finance and Control from 
Università Commerciale ‘Luigi Bocconi’. 
Marco is member of the Corporate 
Finance Committee of the ANDAF – Italian 
national association of accounting and 
finance directors.

Sir Peter Middleton GCB is Chairman of Burford 
Capital. He was Chairman of Marsh Ltd 
between 2005 and 2013, UK Chairman of 
Marsh & McLennan Companies between 2007 
and 2014 and Chairman of Mercer Ltd between 
2009 and 2014. He was also previously 
Chairman of Camelot Group plc and Chairman 
of the Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution. 
He was a Director, Chairman and Deputy 
Chairman of United Utilities from 1994-2007, 
a Board member of OJSC Mobile Telesystems 
from 2005-2007 and a Board member of Bass 
plc from 1992-2001 and General Accident (later 
CGU) from 1992-1995. Sir Peter spent nearly 
30 years at HM Treasury, working closely with 
nine Chancellors, and was Permanent 
Secretary from 1983 to 1991. Sir Peter became 
Group Chairman of Barclays Bank plc in April 
1999 and retired in August 2004. He joined 
Barclays in 1991 as Group Deputy Chairman 
and Executive Chairman of BZW, became 
Chairman of Barclays Capital following the 
reorganisation of BZW in October 1997 and 
was Group Chief Executive from November 
1998 until October 1999. He was also President 
of the British Bankers Association from 2004-
2006 and a member of the National Institute 
for Economic Research from 1996-2007.

Giulio Cesareo is one of the founders of 
Directa Plus. He began his professional career 
in 1982 in Italy working for Falck and Techint. 
From 1986 to 2004, he worked in the carbon 
and graphite business for Union Carbide, 
UCAR and Graftech, reaching the positions of 
the President and CEO of the Italian company 
and Vice President and General Manager of 
the worldwide Advanced Carbon and Graphite 
business unit. In his role at Union Carbide, 
Giulio managed business units in USA, France 
and Italy. Giulio is Advisory Board member 
and member of the Industry Council of the 
US National Graphene Association. Giulio 
Cesareo was awarded a degree in Mechanical 
Engineering from the Polytechnic University 
of Milan, an MBA and an Executive MBA from 
Bocconi University of Milan and attended 
Strategic and Financial Management 
Programs at Stanford University (USA). He 
serves as a board member of Fondazione 
Quarta, a non-profit organisation focused on 
scientific research in areas of social activity 
and was also Board Member of Centro di 
cultura scientifica “Alessandro Volta”, an 
organisation aimed at promoting the practical 
applications of a scientific culture.

 
 
 
 
Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

19 

David Gann 
Non-Executive Director 

Relevant strengths 
•

Innovation management 

•

•

Business strategy 

Engineering expertise 

Neil Warner 
Non-Executive Director 

Richard Hickinbotham 
Non-Executive Director 

Relevant strengths 
•

Financial reporting and accounting 

Relevant strengths 
•

Deep understanding of AIM markets 

•

•

Growing businesses and M&A 

Corporate governance 

•

Investor relations and financial 
communication 

•

Growing businesses and funding 

Richard Hickinbotham is an experienced city 
professional and Head of Equity Research at 
N+1 Singer, having served previously as 
Head of Equity Research at Cantor Fitzgerald 
Europe and Charles Stanley. He has also held 
a number of senior positions at Investec, 
including Global Head of Research and Co-
Head of UK Investment Banking and as Head 
of Pan-European Small and Midcap Research 
at S.G. Warburg & Co. (acquired by UBS). 
Richard is a Non-Executive Director of AB 
Dynamics Plc where is Chairman of the 
nomination committee and a member of 
the Audit and Remuneration committees. 
Richard holds a BSc. in Mechanical 
Engineering from Imperial College and is 
a qualified Chartered Accountant. 

Neil Warner has strong financial and 
managerial experience in multinational 
businesses. He is the Senior Independent 
Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee 
at Trifast plc and he is also a Non-Executive 
Director of Vectura Group plc where he is 
Chairman of the Audit Committee. Formerly 
he served as Non-Executive Chairman of 
Enteq Upstream plc and as Finance Director at 
Chloride Group plc, a position he held for 
14 years until its acquisition by Emerson 
Electric. Prior to this, Neil spent six years at 
Exel plc (formerly Ocean Group plc and now 
part of DHL following its acquisition by 
Deutsche Post in December 2005) where he 
held a number of senior posts in financial 
planning, treasury and control. He has also 
held senior positions in Balfour Beatty plc 
(formerly BICC Group plc), Alcoa and 
PricewaterhouseCoopers and was Non-
Executive Director of Dechra Pharmaceuticals 
plc where he was the senior independent 
director and Chair of the Audit Committee.

David Gann CBE CEng FICE FCGI is a 
renowned expert on technological innovation 
and an accomplished business and academic 
leader. He is Chairman, UK Atomic Energy 
Authority. He is Professor of Innovation & 
Technology Management, Imperial College 
London and was Vice-President (Innovation) 
and member of the College’s Executive Board. 
He has deep experience mentoring start-ups, 
supporting fast growth technology businesses 
and developing long-term strategic 
partnerships with multinational technology 
corporations. He has a PhD in Industrial 
Economics and is a Chartered Civil Engineer, 
a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 
an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Art 
and Fellow, City & Guilds Institute. He was 
appointed Commander of the Order of the 
British Empire (CBE) in the 2010 Queen’s 
Birthday Honours for services to engineering, 
and received the 2014 Tjalling C. Koopmans 
Asset Award for extraordinary contributions 
to the economic sciences. David is a senior 
government advisor. His industrial experience 
includes serving as Laing O’Rourke plc’s Group 
Executive for research and innovation 
between 2007 and 2011. He advises executives 
and boards on innovation and technology 
management, including Citigroup, IBM, 
McLaren, NEC and Tata Group.

®

 
 
 
 
 
 
20 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Section 172

Section 172(1)(a) to (f) of the Companies Act 2006 requires Directors to 
take into consideration the interests of stakeholders in their decision 
making, to this effect the Board of Directors of Directa Plus Plc consider 
that they have acted in such a way that would be most likely to 
promote the success of the company in the long term, taking into 
consideration the interests of all the stakeholders (investors, 
employees, customers, suppliers and local communities).  

a) The likely consequences of any decision in the long-term. Annually 
the company reviews its medium to long term plan, which focuses on 
the strategic direction of the Group as well as looking at the threats, 
and opportunities it is facing. This plan is designed to ensure the long-
term optimal direction of the company, ensuring, in the same time, 
the consideration of long-term requirements of the stakeholders. 

b) The interests of the Company’s employees. The Board considers 

the employees as one of the key stakeholders within the Group and 
as such welcomes any feedback to ensure the alignment of both 
party’s interests and given the nature of the business their greatest 
asset. The interests of the employees are always considered when 
determining the strategic direction and vision of the Group.  

Details of the Company’s process to obtain feedback from 
employees are listed in the section “Stakeholder and social 
responsibilities” of the Corporate Governance Report on page 24. 

c) The need to foster the Company’s business relationships with 
suppliers, customers and others. The Board recognises that the 
success of the Company is reliant on the stakeholders of the 
business and, to this effect, the Company engages with these 
stakeholder groups on a regular basis. Details of the Company’s 
process to obtain feedback from customers and supplier are listed 
in the section “Stakeholder and social responsibilities” of the 
Corporate Governance Report on page 24. 

d) The impact of the Company’s operations on the community and 
environment. The Board has always considered the health and 
safety of people and environmental protection as top priorities. In 
order to seek to manage its environmental responsibilities in a 
systematic and proactive manner both Directa Plus S.p.A. and Setcar 
implemented the ISO 14001 certification that helps the Group to 
achieve the intended outcomes of its environmental management 
system which provide value for the environment, the organization 
and the interested parties. The Board recognises its responsibilities 
with regards the environment and wider community and takes 
actions to reduce the risk of any potential negative impact the 
provision of its services and products could have in this area.  

e) The desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high 
standards of business conduct. In order to ensure that the business 
maintains its reputation and integrity, the Board promotes a 
corporate culture based on sound ethical values and behaviours, 
which are essential to maximise shareholder value. Those core 
values serve as a common language that allows all members of staff 
to work together as an effective team and it is these values and our 
shared long-term business vision and strategy that we believe will 
drive growth in shareholder value over the long-term. Ethical code 
and whistleblowing process are in place and reviewed regularly. 
Further details of the Company’s Ethical value and behaviours are 
listed in the section “Ethical values and behaviors” of the Corporate 
Governance Report on page 24. 

f) The need to act fairly as between members of the Company. 
The Group’s Board currently consists of four Non-Executive 
Directors, and two Executive Directors. The Board considers it 
collectively has an appropriate balance of skills and experience, 
as well as an appropriate balance of personal qualities and 
capabilities to ensure that all decisions are made such that the 
impact toward the stakeholders is fairly and equal, so they too 
may benefit from the successful delivery of our plan. 

We define principal decisions as both those that have long-term 
strategic impact and are material to the Group, but also those that are 
significant to our key stakeholder groups. In making the following 
principal decisions, the Board considered the outcome from its 
stakeholder engagement, the need to maintain a reputation for high 
standards of business conduct and the need to act fairly between the 
members of the Company: Acquisition of Setcar. 

The Company agreed to acquire 51 per cent of Setcar. Setcar is being 
jointly acquired with GVC, a company owned by the ultimate beneficial 
owner of the GSP group, a leading provider of offshore integrated 
services for the oil and gas industry with rigs in operation in Romania, 
Turkey, Greece and Mexico, who have conditionally agreed to acquire 
47.03% of Setcar. The total consideration payable by the Company and 
GVC, in proportion to their shareholdings in Setcar, is €4.1 million. An 
existing shareholder in Setcar will remain a minority shareholder and 
immediately following Completion will hold 1.97%. The Company 
signed the Sale and Purchase agreement in September 2019 and 
finalized the acquisition in November 2019. 

The Board believes that the acquisition is aligned with the Company’s 
strategy and it will:  

•

•

•

•

create a business case in a European country with a real need for 
environmental clean-up, which could be replicated in other countries; 

provide a significant business opportunity within captive off-shore 
applications generated through partnership with GVC. The combined 
company is entitled to participate in international tenders; 

present the opportunity to control a direct commercial channel 
capable of significantly improving the Grafysorber® commercial ramp-
up on the market and to fulfil the market expectations in one of the 
main company verticals; and 

further the development of technologies and equipment that use 
Grafysorber® as a base material, combined with the opportunity to 
deal directly with the end-user will give Directa Plus the possibility to 
increase revenues and margins, protecting the know-how). 

In making the above principal decisions, the Directors believe that 
they have considered all relevant stakeholders, potential impact and 
conflicts, the Company’s business model and its long-term strategic 
objectives, and have acted accordingly to promote the success of the 
Company for the benefit of its members as a whole. 

The Strategic report is approved by the Board and it is signed on its 
behalf by: 

Giulio Cesareo 
Chief Executive Officer 
20 May 2020

 
Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directors’ report

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

21 

Principal activities 
Directa Plus is a technological Group pursuing the development of 
innovative manufacturing processes to produce and supply high 
quality engineered graphene-based products which can be used by 
third parties in a wide variety of industrial and commercial applications. 
With the acquisition of the majority stake in Setcar S.A., completed in 
November 2019, Directa Plus enters the environmental service market 
with the aim to supply a complete range of services, from chemical 
analyses for waste identification to water and soil treatment, leveraging 
on the unique properties of the graphene based products in portfolio. 
The Group’s strategy is to partner with potential customers at an early 
stage and work with them to develop tailor-made graphene forms that 
have the desired morphology for each potential customer’s specific 
applications to enable them to capitalise on the high-performance 
benefits of graphene. 

The Group’s main country of operation and place of business is Italy 
and its registered office address is 11-12 St. James’s Square, London, 
SW1Y 4LB, UK. 

Business and strategic review 
The information that fulfils the requirements of the strategic report 
and business review, including details of the results for the year ended 
31 December 2019, principal risks and uncertainties, research and 
development, KPIs and the outlook for future years, are set out in the 
Chairman’s Statement, Chief Executive Officer’s Review and Chief 
Financial Officer’s Review on pages 4 to 17 (The Strategic Report), and in 
this Directors’ Report. Going concern assessment is set out in the 
Corporate Governance report and is reported on page 27. Post balance 
sheet events are reported in note 29. 

Dividends 
The Directors’ current intention is that for the foreseeable future, all future 
earnings at the Group level will be reinvested in the business in order to 
fund the ongoing growth strategy. In the future, if it is commercially 
prudent to do so, the Board may consider the payment of a dividend. 

Directors’ indemnity 
The Company has arranged appropriate Directors’ and Officers’ 
insurance to indemnify the Directors against liability in respect of 
proceedings brought by third parties. Such provisions remain in 
force at the date of this report. 

Directors 
The following Directors held office as indicated below for the year 
ended 31 December 2019 and up to the date of signing this report: 

•
•
•
•
•
•

Giulio Giuseppe Cesareo 
Sir Peter Middleton 
Marco Ferrari 
David Michael Gann 
Neil William Warner 
Richard Hickinbotham 

Directors’ remuneration and interests 
The Directors’ Remuneration Report is set out on pages 28 to 29. It 
includes details of Directors’ remuneration, interests in the ordinary 
shares of the Company and share options. 

Corporate governance 
The Chairman’s Corporate Governance Statement is set out on 
pages 24 to 27. 

Share capital and substantial shareholdings 
Details of the share capital of the Company as at 31 December 2019 
are set out in note 19 to the consolidated financial statements. 
At 20 April 2020, a total of 60,998,983 ordinary shares were 
outstanding. The following shareholders own 3% or more of the 
ordinary shares: 

                                                                                                                                                  Percentage of  
                                                                                                              Number of          issued ordinary 
Shareholder                                                                          ordinary shares                share capital 

Nant Capital/ Patrick Soon-Shiong                17,603,440                        28.86 

Dompè Group                                                             7,519,999                        12.33 

Unicorn Asset Management                                 5,333,333                           8.74 

Dr. Jean Marc Droulers / 
Finanziaria Le Perray S.p.A.*                                 4,093,794                           6.71 

Galbiga Immobiliare S.r.l.**                                   3,804,791                           6.24 

Ruffer                                                                              2,866,500                           4.70 

Schroder Investment Management                  2,377,334                           3.90 

* Finanziaria Le Perry S.p.A. is a company owned and controlled by Dr. Jean Marc Droulers. 

** Galbiga Immobiliare S.r.l. is a company owned and controlled by Giulio Cesareo, 

the CEO of Directa Plus. 

Risk management 
The Group’s financial risk management is discussed in note 24 to the 
financial statements. The Directors continually consider how to 
identify and mitigate the key business risks. Directors ensure that the 
management of the Company provides leadership and direction to 
employees so that our overall risk-taking activity is kept within the 
desired risk appetite. The Group’s tolerance for risk in the area of 
Health Safety and Environmental Protection (“HSEP”) is low. Directa 
Plus dedicates significant resources to managing and monitoring these 
risks on a daily basis. The following list considers those could have 
a serious adverse impact on Group’s performance. 

The Group’s policies, procedures and practices used to identify, 
monitor and control a variety of risks may, in some cases, not be 
effective. The Group’s risk management methods rely on a combination 
of internally developed technical controls, standard practices, 
observation of market behaviour and human supervision.

®

22 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Directors’ report 
continued

Risk

Mitigation and management strategy

Likelihood*

Impact (on 
the Group)**

Change***

COVID-19 
COVID-19 pandemic is materially affecting the 
worldwide market, causing a general deterioration 
of the economic outlook as discussed in the 
Chairman’s review and in the Chief Executive 
Officer’s review.

The Board and the Management are constantly 
monitoring the fast-evolving situation. 
Management has undertaken scenario based 
analysis on future financial projections and 
adopted a strategy to reduce overheads. Moreover, 
in order to try to mitigate the impact of the COVID-
19 on the revenues, the Management decided to 
target the personal protective equipment market, 
leveraging on graphene G+® properties. Moreover, 
with Setcar, the Management is assessing the 
opportunity to provide sanitizing services in 
Romania with the aim of diversifying the top line. 

Certain

Moderate

New

Changes in government policy and 
legal and regulatory compliance 
The Group operates in highly regulated industry 
(Environmental services and waste disposal) 
through its controlled subsidiaries Setcar S.A.. 
Any changes to government policy, standards or 
regulatory requirements could affect the Group’s 
operations and results.

Regulatory framework is constantly monitored 
by Management, trying to have prompt 
understanding of proposed changes.

Possible

Major

New

M&A strategy and delivery 
Directa Plus, after the recent acquisition, considers 
that integration risks and issues could arise 
impacting the delivery of the expected benefit.

An integration plan is in place and skilled resources 
have been deployed to manage the post-
acquisition integration. The Board of Directors is 
kept promptly up to date.

Possible

Moderate

New

Brexit 
Directa Plus holds Sterling bank accounts. 
The “hard Brexit” or “no deal” could have a 
potential impact on currency risk, triggering sharp 
movement on Sterling value with an effect on 
Directa Plus’s P&L.

Technological risk 
Directa Plus operates in an industry where 
competitive advantage has a certain dependency 
on the technology adopted. It is possible that 
future technological development or potential 
substitute materials may affect the acceptance of, 
and the attribution of value, to the Group’s 
graphene production technology and Group’s 
graphene based products.

News flow about Brexit is constantly monitored as 
well as the movement of the EUR-GBP exchange 
rate. On average more than 50% of cash and cash 
equivalent are held in Euro to be used on Euro 
denominated costs and expenses. Cash and cash 
equivalent in Sterling are held to be used on 
Sterling denominated costs and expenses.

Directa Plus continually monitors the market and 
its competition and has resources to invest in 
technological development and product 
development as appropriate.

Likely

Minor

Possible

Critical

Intellectual property protection risks 
Failure to protect the Group’s IP may result in 
another party copying, using or taking advantage 
from Group’s proprietary content and technology 
without authorisation. There may not be adequate 
protection for IP in every country in which the 
Group’s products are or will be made available.

The Group monitors scientific papers, news flow 
and graphene products brought to the market as 
far as reasonably possible and will take cost-
effective legal action if required. The Group is 
advised by suitably qualified and experienced 
patent agents and meetings with the patent 
agents are scheduled regularly.

Possible

Moderate

Key employees risks 
The Group depends upon the continued service 
and performance of the Executive Officers and key 
employees. The loss of the services of any of the 
Executive Officers or other key employees could 
have an adverse impact on the Group’s operations, 
reputation and business activities.

Risks is mitigated by providing share options to key 
employees, building a motivated Management 
team, together with significant opportunities for 
carrier development.

Possible

Major

* Unlikely, Possible, Likely, Certain 
** None, Minor, Moderate, Major, Critical 
*** Defines the direction on the change in the risk: new risk (New), risk increased (↑), risk decreased (↓), no change (→)

↓

→

→

→

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

23 

Risk

Mitigation and management strategy

Likelihood*

Impact (on 
the Group)**

Change***

Risk is mitigated by maintaining good 
relationships with the Group’s main shareholders. 
The Company successfully concluded a capital 
raise in October 2019.

Possible

Major

→

Funding risk 
The Group’s growth requires access to funding. 
It is possible that the Group will need to raise extra 
capital in the future to continue to develop the 
Group’s business or to take advantage of future 
acquisition opportunities. No assurance can be 
given that any such additional financing will be 
available or that, if available, it will be available 
on terms favourable to the Group or to the 
Group’s shareholders.

* Unlikely, Possible, Likely, Certain 
** None, Minor, Moderate, Major, Critical 
*** Defines the direction on the change in the risk: new risk (New), risk increased (↑), risk decreased (↓), no change (→)

Annual general meeting 
The notice for the convening of the AGM 2020 together with the 
proposed resolutions will be contained in a Notice of AGM sent to all 
shareholders and available via the Company’s website. 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 
The Directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the 
financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for 
each financial year. Under that law the Directors have elected to prepare 
Company financial statements in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted by the European 
Union. Under Company law the Directors must not approve the financial 
statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of 
the state of affairs of the Group and Company and of the profit or loss 
of the Group for that period. The Directors are also required to prepare 
financial statements in accordance with the rules of the London Stock 
Exchange for companies trading securities on the AIM. 

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

Website publication 
The Directors are responsible for ensuring the annual report and the 
financial statements are made available on the corporate website. 
Financial statements are published on the Company’s website in 
accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom governing the 
preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may 
vary from legislation in other jurisdictions. The Directors are responsible 
for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial 
information included on the Company’s website. 

Auditors 
Each of the persons who is a Director at the date of approval of this 
annual report confirms that: 

•

•

so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information 
of which the Company’s auditors are unaware; and 

the Director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a 
Director in order to make himself aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the Company’s auditors are aware 
of that information. 

•

•

•

•

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance 
with the provisions of Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006. 

state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 

BDO LLP have expressed their willingness to continue in office as 
auditors and a resolution to reappoint them will be proposed at the 
forthcoming Annual General Meeting. 

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis 
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will 
continue in business. 

For and on behalf of the Board of Directors 

20 May 2020

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records 
that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s transactions and 
disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of 
the Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements 
comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable 
steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

®

24 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Corporate governance report

Chairman’s Corporate Governance Statement 
The Board of Directa Plus Plc (the “Company”) fully supports good corporate governance and recognises that it enhances 
its decision-making processes by improving the success of the Company and increasing shareholder value over the 
medium to long-term. The Quoted Companies Alliance corporate governance code (the “QCA Code”) sets out a minimum 
best practice standard for small and mid-sized quoted companies, particularly AIM companies. The Company complies 
with the QCA Code and the Directors propose that the Company should continue to do so having regard to the Company’s 
size, board structure, stage of development and resources. There have been no significant changes in governance 
arrangements during the 2019 financial year. 

A review of the Company’s culture, how it is consistent with the company’s objectives, strategy and business model 
will be reviewed during the 2020 financial year. Compliance with each of the principles set out in the QCA code is 
summarised in this section. 

Role of the Chairman 
The Board as a whole is responsible for effective corporate governance. 
As Chairman of the Board, I have overall responsibility for the 
corporate governance arrangements of the Company in addition to 
ensuring that corporate governance arrangements are fully adopted 
within the Company. 

In addition, my role as Chairman is to lead the Board, ensuring its 
smooth running and the effective contribution of all Board members. 

Strategy and business model 
The Company’s business model, strategy and key markets are set out 
in the Strategic Report on pages 4 to 17. 

Relations with shareholders 
The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are responsible 
for shareholder liaison and have regular dialogue with institutional 
investors in order to develop an understanding of their views. 

Meetings with analysts and institutional shareholders of the Company 
take place following the interim and annual results announcements as 
well as on an ad hoc basis. These presentations are given by the Chief 
Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, updating on relevant 
matters and in particular, on the progress of the Company in terms of 
its operational performance, financial and strategic direction. 

The Annual Report and accounts are published on the Company’s 
website, www.directa-plus.com, and can be accessed by shareholders 
and non-shareholders. Shareholders have the opportunity to meet 
members of the Board at the Annual General Meeting of the Company 
where Board members will be happy to respond to questions. 

The Board believes that its current approach to shareholder 
engagement is successful, based on the feedback received and the 
Proactive Investor interviews publicly available. In addition, as 
Chairman, I remain available to talk to shareholders whenever required.

Stakeholder and social responsibilities 
The Board considers its key stakeholder groups to include: 

•

•

•

•

workforce – we are a responsible employer, compliant with relevant 
human resources legislation and recommended practices, as well as 
Health, Safety and Environmental Protection regulations; 

customers – deep and wide relationships with our customers are 
crucial for the success of our business in developing novel solutions 
with our customers and in developing their next generation of products; 

suppliers – we aim to develop strong relationships with our suppliers 
based on trust, understanding and respect; 

partners – we engage with commercial and scientific partners and we 
work with them to develop new applications, building strong and 
long-lasting relationships. 

The Company obtains feedback from stakeholder groups by way of: 

•

•

•

•

informal meetings and consultation with employees’ representatives, 
and reports received through the Group’s Whistleblowing policy; 

regular meetings with main suppliers and undertaking a formal 
assessment at least once a year; 

formal survey sent at least once a year to the main customers to 
assess our level of service; and 

maintaining a social media presence in order to understand the 
sentiment of and obtain feedback from the our stakeholders. 

The Company has always considered the health and safety of people 
and environmental protection as top priorities. We take a proactive 
approach to health, safety and environmental protection by monitoring 
our production process and products and continuously reviewing our 
policies, so they are in line with the latest research on nanomaterials. 
Further information about the Company’s approach to sustainability is 
set out in the Health, Safety and Environmental Protection section of 
the Company’s website.

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

25 

Risk management 
The Directors are responsible for establishing and maintaining the 
Company’s system of internal control and reviewing its effectiveness. 
Page 22 and 23 set out the Company’s approach to risk management 
and lists those risks which are considered to have a serious adverse 
impact on the Company’s performance. 

Page 23 includes additional information about the Company’s internal 
control system. 

The Board 
The primary function of the Board is to provide effective leadership 
and direction to enhance the long-term value of the Company to its 
shareholders and other stakeholders. The Board has overall 
responsibility for reviewing the strategic plans and performance 
objectives, financial plans and annual budget, key operational 
initiatives, major funding and investment proposals, financial 
performance reviews, and corporate governance practices. 

The Chief Executive ensures that the Directors’ knowledge is kept up to 
date on key issues and developments pertaining to the Group, its 
operational environment and to the Directors’ responsibilities as 
members of the Board. During the course of the year, Directors received 
updates from the Company Secretary and, if required, from external 
advisers on a number of corporate governance matters. 

The Board consists of two Executive Directors and four Non-Executive 
Directors. The Board considers all the Non-Executive Directors to be 
independent. 

The number of meetings attended by the Board are disclosed on 
page 26. 

Directors 
The Directors continue to remain satisfied that the Board is well 
balanced and that the Directors possess the sufficient breadth of skills, 
relevant experience, variety of backgrounds and knowledge to ensure 
the Board functions appropriately, without being dominated by any 
one Director. Details of qualities and capabilities that each Director 
brings to the Board are added in the Director biography section. The 
Board acknowledges that there are currently no appointed female 
Directors, however, it will continue to review this moving forwards. 
Moreover, diversity will be strongly considered in further recruiting 
process ensuring the appropriate balance of the Board is developed. 

Full biographies of each Director can be found on pages 18 and 19. 

The Board keeps under review the skills required to effectively pursue the 
Company’s strategy and discharge its duties. The Chief Financial Officer 
is also Company Secretary; the Board does not feel that a full time 
Company Secretary is currently required but will keep this under review. 

Board performance 
The Board continually reflects on its performance to identify potential 
areas for improvement. The Board undertook a formal performance 
review through a questionnaire distributed to the Board members. 

Ethical values and behaviours 
The Board is committed to ensuring the highest legal and ethical 
standards and acknowledges its responsibilities in relation to 
corporate governance. 

The Board has produced an Ethical Code which aims to ensure that the 
Company’s employees conduct themselves respectfully and honestly 
in all their dealings with other employees as well as third parties 
including clients, suppliers, public institutions, the media, competitors 
and legal authorities. 

Governance structure and processes 
Delivering growth and long-term shareholder value with effective and 
efficient decision-making is of high importance to the Board. 

There is a clear division of responsibilities between the Chairman, who 
is responsible for the effective leadership and smooth running of the 
Board, and the Chief Executive Officer who, with the other Executive 
Director, is responsible for the running of the Company. 

The Company has established an Audit Committee and a 
Remuneration Committee. Both committees meet at least twice a year. 
Details of both committees and a report of the activities undertaken 
during the 2019 financial year can be found on pages 30 and 31. 

Board 
The Board consists of two executive Directors and four Non-Executive 
Directors. The Board considers all the Non-Executive Directors to be 
independent. The current members of the Board and their 
membership on the Board committees of the Company are as follows:

®

26 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Corporate governance report 
continued

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Board committees as 
                                                                                                                                                                        Board appointments                                                                                          Chairman or member 

                                                                                                                                                                             Non-                                                                               Non- 
                                                                                                                      Executive                         executive                 Independent                  independent                                  Audit               Remuneration 
Name of Director                                                                                      Director                            Director                            Director                            Director                     Committee                     Committee 

Sir Peter Middleton                                                                                                            3                                3                                                                        –                                   – 
Giulio Giuseppe Cesareo                                                           3                                                         –                                   – 
Marco Ferrari                                                                                   3                                                         –                                   – 
David Michael Gann                                                                                                          3                                3                                                         Member                    Member 
Neil William Warner                                                                                                           3                                3                                                      Chairman                    Member 
Richard Hickinbotham                                                                                                     3                                3                                                         Member                 Chairman

The Board recognises the importance of ensuring the flow of complete, 
adequate and timely information on an ongoing basis to enable decisions 
to be made on an informed basis and to enable the Board to effectively 
discharge their duties and responsibilities. To allow Directors sufficient 
time to prepare for the meetings, all Board and board committee papers 
are distributed to Directors a week in advance of the meetings, with any 
additional material or information provided on request. Directors have 
unrestricted access to management and receive briefings from them, 
which enable the Directors to keep abreast of the latest developments. 
Furthermore, the Company has implemented the appropriate procedures 
to support Directors in obtaining independent professional advice at the 
expense of the Company as and when required. Directors receive regular 
updates in relation to changes in accounting standard and regulation. 

committees have the authority to examine particular issues and will 
report back to the Board with their decisions and/or recommendations, 
the ultimate responsibility on all matters lies with the Board. The 
functions typically refer to the Nomination Committee currently remain 
with the Board. 

Time commitments 
The Directors devote a sufficient amount of time in order to discharge 
their duties to the Company both at and outside of Board meetings. 
In order to ensure continue this commitment the Board meet at least 
six times a year. In addition to the formal Board meetings the Board will 
meet throughout the year as and when required for specific matters. 

Committees 
The Board has delegated certain functions to its two committees, the 
Audit Committee and the Remuneration Committee. These committees 
have their own written terms of reference and their actions are reported 
to and monitored by the Board. The Board accepts that while these 

The time commitments of the Non-Executive Directors are carefully 
reviewed by the Board and it is noted that Peter Middleton, David Gann, 
Neil Warner and Richard Hickinbotham devote at least two days a 
month to the Company. Details of the Directors’ attendance at each of 
the scheduled Board and Committee Meetings for the 2018 financial 
year are listed below: 

                                                                                                                                Board meetings                                             Audit Committee meetings                        Remuneration Committee meetings 

Name of Director                                                                                     No. held                 No. attended                           No. held                 No. attended                           No. held                 No. attended 

Sir Peter Middleton                                                                         9                                   5                                   –                                   –                                   –                                   – 

Giulio Cesareo                                                                                   9                                   9                                   –                                   –                                   –                                   – 

Marco Ferrari                                                                                      9                                   9                                   –                                   –                                   –                                   – 

David Michael Gann                                                                       9                                   7                                   4                                   2                                   2                                   2 

Neil William Warner                                                                        9                                   7                                   4                                   4                                   2                                   2 

Richard Hickinbotham                                                                  9                                   9                                   4                                   4                                   2                                   2

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

27 

Internal control 
The Directors are responsible for establishing and maintaining the 
Company’s system of internal control and reviewing its effectiveness. 

Management believes that the Group has the systems and protocols in 
place to address these challenges. At the date of approval of these 
financial statements it is not clear how long the current circumstances 
are likely to last and what the long-term impact will be. 

The system of internal control is designed to manage, rather than 
eliminate, the risk of failure to achieve business objectives and can 
only provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material 
misstatement or loss. 

The main features of the internal control system are as follows: 

•

•

•

close management of the business by the Executive Directors. 
There are clearly delineated approval limits throughout the Company 
and a well-defined organisational structure. Controls are monitored 
at the appropriate level; 

monthly management accounts are prepared and reviewed by the 
Board, including reviewing variances against prior months and 
against budgets; 

clear segregation of duties within the Company’s finance function 
help ensure the Company’s assets are safeguarded and that proper 
financial records are maintained; and 

•

a list of matters is reserved for the approval of the Board. 

The Company has adopted a share dealing code for the Directors and 
certain applicable employees, which is appropriate for a company 
whose shares are admitted to trading on AIM (particularly relating to 
dealing during close periods in accordance with Rule 21 of the AIM 
Rules for Companies) and the Company takes all reasonable steps to 
ensure compliance by the Directors and any relevant employees. 

As at 31 December 2019, the Group had net assets of €15.17m (2018: 
€8.2m) and cash and cash equivalent of €10.91m (2018: €5.50m). 

The Directors prepare annual budgets and forecasts in order to ensure 
that they have sufficient liquidity in place in the business. In addition, in 
response to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 situation, the Directors, in 
formulating the plan and strategy for the future development of the 
business, considered a base case scenario involving c.25% reduction in 
forecast revenues. The Directors have also stress tested the base case 
scenario by applying a further material reduction in forecast revenues, 
and mitigation or deferral of capital and operational expenditure. In both 
these scenarios, the Group is projected to have the financial capacity to 
support its viability, following the uncertainties and challenges created 
by the COVID-19 pandemic, until at least the end of 2021. 

The Directors review regularly updates to the scenario planning such 
that it can put in place mitigating actions and maintain the viability of 
the company and will keep stakeholders informed as necessary. 

The Directors have taken steps to utilise the various support 
mechanisms, such us redundancy funds or equivalent and soft loan 
specifically foreseen by governments to support companies during the 
general global economy slowdown due to COVID-19. Moreover, the 
Directors consider several options in terms of regional and European 
grants able to provide funding in the following months to sustain the 
R&D activities. Operational and financial KPIs are strictly monitored.  

Going concern 
The Group meets its working capital requirements through the receipt 
of revenues from the provision of its services and sale of products 
mainly in Europe, the management of capital and operating 
expenditure, from the working capital and other borrowing facilities 
available to it and from the issue of equity capital. 

Having regard to the above, and based on their latest assessment of the 
budgets and forecasts for the business of the company, the Directors 
consider that there are sufficient funds available to the Group to enable 
it to meet its liabilities as they fall due for a period of not less than 
12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements. The 
Directors therefore consider it appropriate to adopt the going concern 
basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant, immediate impact on 
the global economies and on the operations and operational funding 
of participants in international supply chains. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has not, to date, had a significant adverse 
impact on the Group’s operations but the Directors are aware that if the 
current situation becomes prolonged then this may change. Further 
details of the current assessment of the impact on the business are set 
out in the strategic report. Based on very recent projections, the 
Directors believe that: 

a) the demand for graphene products will be volatile, although the 
positive outlook and general market appetite is confirmed; and 

b) the demand of environmental services will impacted in the next few 
months mainly in relation to the oil & gas segment due to the fact of 
the depressed oil price with the combined impact of COVID-19.

Sir Peter Middleton 
Non-Executive Chairman 
20 May 2020

®

 
 
28 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Directors’ remuneration report

The Company is not required to prepare a Directors’ remuneration 
report for each financial year and so the Company makes the following 
disclosure voluntarily. 

The Remuneration Committee is responsible for recommending the 
remuneration and other terms of employment for the Executive 
Directors of Directa Plus Plc. 

In determining remuneration for the year, the committee has given 
consideration to the requirements of the QCA code. 

Remuneration policy 
The objective of the remuneration policy is to attract, retain and 
motivate high calibre executives to deliver outstanding shareholder 
returns and at the same time maintain an appropriate compensation 
balance with the other employees of the Group.

Directors’ remuneration 
The normal remuneration arrangements for Executive Directors 
consists of base salary, performance bonuses and other benefits as 
determined by the Board. Each of the Executive Directors has a service 
agreement that can be terminated at any time by either party giving 
notice, the length of such notice period being determined pursuant to 
the applicable National Collective Bargaining Agreement (“NCBA”), 
governed by Italian law, depending upon accrued length of service. 

Non-Executive Directors are remunerated solely in the form of Director 
fees determined by the Board and are not entitled to pensions, annual 
bonuses or employee benefits. Each of the Non-Executive Directors’ 
appointment may be terminated by either party giving three months’ 
prior written notice. 

Directors are not involved in specific discussions on their own 
remuneration. 

The remuneration of the Directors, in Euros, for the year ended 
31 December 2019 was as follows and is audited:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               National                                                                               Total  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Insurance                            Pension                 emoluments 
                                                                                                                                                               Salary/Fees                               Bonus                contributions                contributions                                  2019 
2019                                                                                                                                                               €’000                                  €’000                                  €’000                                  €’000                                 €’000 

Non-Executive Chairman 
Sir Peter Middleton                                                                                                            57                                   –                                   –                                   –                                57 

Executive 
Giulio Cesareo                                                                                                                   270                                62                                10                                92                              434 
Marco Ferrari                                                                                                                      131                                15                                   8                                28                              182 

Non-Executive 
David Gann                                                                                                                            34                                   –                                   –                                   –                                34 
Neil Warner                                                                                                                            34                                   –                                   –                                   –                                34 
Richard Hickinbotham                                                                                                     34                                   –                                   –                                   –                                34 

Total                                                                                                                                       560                                77                                18                              120                              775

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

29 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  National                                                                               Total  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Insurance                            Pension                  emoluments                   Share based  
                                                                                                                  Salary/Fees                               Bonus                contributions                contributions                                   2017                      payment** 
2018                                                                                                                  €’000                                  €’000                                  €’000                                  €’000                                  €’000                                  €’000 

Non-Executive Chairman 
Sir Peter Middleton                                                                       56                                   –                                   –                                   –                                56                                17 

Executive 
Giulio Cesareo                                                                              267                                98                                   9                                91                              466                                51 
Marco Ferrari                                                                                 130                                27                                   9                                28                              193                                25 

Non-Executive 
David Gann                                                                                      34                                   –                                   –                                   –                                34                                10 
Neil Warner                                                                                      34                                   –                                   –                                   –                                34                                10 
Luca Lodi-Rizzini*                                                                         11                                   –                                   –                                   –                                11                                   – 
Richard Hickinbotham                                                               34                                   –                                   –                                   –                                34                                   9 

Total                                                                                                 566                              125                                18                              119                              828                              122 

* Luca Lodi-Rizzini retired as a Director of 26 April 2018. 
** Non monetary cost refers to the share option scheme in place and not exercised yet. 

At 20 April 2019 Directors’ interests were the following: 

Directors’ interests 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Number of                           Percentage 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Number of                  ordinary shares                                of issued 
Director                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ordinary shares                       under option                        share capital 

Sir Peter Middleton                                                                                                                                                                    38,000                          100,000                                  0.06 

Giulio Cesareo*                                                                                                                                                                      3,804,791                          181,707                                  6.24 

Marco Ferrari                                                                                                                                                                                 29,799                             88,471                                  0.05 

David Gann                                                                                                                                                                                 101,311                             60,000                                  0.17 

Neil Warner                                                                                                                                                                                    26,730                             60,000                                  0.04 

Richard Hickinbotham                                                                                                                                                             84,000                             60,000                                  0.14 

* Giulio Cesareo and his family are the sole beneficiaries of the 3,804,791 ordinary shares held by Galbiga Immobiliare S.r.l.

®

30 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Audit Committee report

Membership 
The Board has established an Audit Committee with the appropriate 
Terms of Reference, which is comprised of Neil Warner (Chairman), 
David Gann and Richard Hickinbotham. The Committee reports to the 
Board in respect of its responsibilities. 

Responsibilities 
The Committee met four times in 2019 to discuss its ongoing 
responsibilities, including such matters as the existing risk 
management and internal control systems in place, its financial 
reporting obligations and external audit findings. 

An outline of the key responsibilities undertaken by the Committee 
in the year are set out below: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

Review of the Annual and Interim Accounts. 

Review of the Auditor’s Report and meeting with the Auditor. 

Review of the going concern assumption in line with Management’s 
cash flow forecasts. 

Performance of sensitivity analysis on the assumptions included 
within the forecast. 

Matching results against management forecasts for the year ended 
31st December 2019. 

Meeting with Management to discuss the Directors’ plans for future 
actions in relation to its going concern assessment, taking into 
account any relevant events subsequent to the balance sheet date.

Internal controls 
The Committee continues to monitor and review the Company’s 
financial reporting and internal control procedures. It has been 
concluded that a separate internal audit function is not justified at 
this time because of the size and scope of the Company’s business 
activities. However, as the company continues to grow the need for 
this function will be regularly assessed. 

External audit 
The Board understands the importance of engaging with the external 
auditors and in order to support this relationship the external auditor is 
invited to attend at least one meeting of the Audit Committee each year. 

The Committee maintains the responsibility of making recommendations 
to the Board in respect of the appointment, reappointment and removal 
of the external auditors. In the reappointment of the Committee the Board 
carefully considers their performance in discharging the audit, the terms 
of engagement, and their independence. 

Neil Warner 
Chairman of the Audit Committee

 
Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Remuneration Committee report

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

31 

Membership 
The Board has established a Remuneration Committee with the 
appropriate Terms of Reference, which is comprised of Richard 
Hickinbotham (chairman), Neil Warner, and David Gann. The 
Committee reports to the Board in respect of its responsibilities. 

Responsibilities 
The Committee met twice in 2019 to discuss its ongoing 
responsibilities, including such matters as recommendations to the 
Board on all aspects and policies relating to the remuneration of 
executive Directors and executive officers of the Company. 

An outline of the key responsibilities undertaken by the Committee 
in the year are set out below: 

•

An annual review of remuneration for all Executive Directors and 
Senior Managers of the Company. 

Richard Hickinbotham 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

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32 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Independent auditor’s report 
to the members of Directa Plus Plc

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of Directa Plus Plc (the 
“Parent Company”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) for the year ended 
31 December 2019 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income, Consolidated and Company Statements of 
Financial Position, Consolidated and Company Statements of Changes 
in Equity, Consolidated and Company Statements of Cash flows and 
notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant 
accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the 
preparation of the financial statements is applicable law and 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted by 
the European Union and as regards the Parent Company financial 
statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the 
Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion: 

•

•

•

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the 
Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2019 
and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 

the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in 
accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; 

the Parent Company financial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European 
Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the 
Companies Act 2006; and 

•

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with 
the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on 
Auditing (UK) (“ISAs” (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under 
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities 
for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are 
independent of the Group and the Parent Company in accordance with 
the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial 
statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied 
to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a 
basis for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in 
relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to you where: 

•

•

the Directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the 
preparation of the financial statements is not appropriate; or 

the Directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any 
identified material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt 
about the Group or the Parent Company’s ability to continue to 
adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least 
twelve months from the date when the financial statements are 
authorised for issue. 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional 
judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial 
statements of the current period and include the most significant 
assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) 
we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and 
directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a 
whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a 
separate opinion on these matters.

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

33 

Key audit matter identified 

Revenue recognition 

The Group earned revenue of €2.6m (2018: €2.3m) in the year ended 
31 December 2019. 

A significant portion of the revenue raised related to two components, 
Directa Plus S.p.A and Setcar S.A., as detailed in note 3. The applicable 
accounting policies are detailed in note 1 (j). 

In accordance with applicable auditing standards, revenue recognition 
was presumed to be a significant risk. This consideration was further 
heightened by the fact that there are various revenue streams that exist 
within the Group as well as the wide geographic dispersion of sales 
and product range offered. 

Due to the fact that there are multiple revenue streams and the fact 
that revenue is recognised both at a point in time and over time, 
revenue recognition represented a significant audit risk and a key 
focus area for our audit.

How our audit responded to the risk 

•

•

•

•

•

•

Tested the operating effectiveness of relevant internal control over 
the completeness, accuracy and timing of revenue recognised within 
Directa Plus S.p.A. 

In respect of Directa Plus S.p.A., agreed a sample of sales in the year 
to sales invoices issued to customers and goods delivery notes to 
check that revenue was recognised appropriately. 

In respect of Setcar S.A., inspected the key revenue contracts to 
check that the underlying performance obligations had been 
appropriately reflected in the Group’s revenue recognition policy and 
confirmation of the services performed had been received from the 
customer for the revenue recognised. 

Selected a sample of recorded sales from either side of the year-end 
for purposes of cut-off testing and agreed these to sales invoices, 
delivery documents and customer confirmation to check that sales 
were recognised in the correct period. 

Inspected a sample of credit notes issued during the year and post 
year end to check that these had been issued appropriately. 

We reviewed the disclosures pertaining to revenue in note 1 (j) and 
note 3 to the financial statements with reference to the requirements 
of applicable accounting standards.

Key observations 

There were no material issues identified by our testing of revenue recognition in the year.

Valuation and accounting treatment of Setcar acquisition 

On the 25 of November 2019, the Group acquired 51% of the ordinary 
share capital of Setcar S.A., as detailed in note 4 to the financial 
statements. The applicable accounting policies are detailed in note 1. 

There were a number of key estimates and judgements applied by 
Management when accounting for the acquisition of Setcar S.A.. 
These included: 

•

•

an assessment that the Group has the ability to control the Company; 

the completeness, existence and accuracy of the opening balance 
sheet and the valuation of the underlying assets and liabilities 
acquired in the business as part of the purchase price allocation 
undertaken by managements independent expert; and 

•

the assessment of the consideration paid. 

Given the significance of these transactions to the Group in the year, this 
represented a significant audit risk and a key focus area for our audit. 

•

•

•

•

•

•

Reviewed Management’s assessment of control and assessed this 
against legal documents such as the company’s articles of 
association, shareholder agreement and underlying Share Purchase 
agreement (“SPA”). 

For the Purchase Price Allocation undertaken by Management’s expert, 
we compared the valuation techniques applied to industry benchmarks 
and agreed key estimates such as discount rates, royalty rates, property 
plant and land valuations and underlying cash flow forecasts to both 
empirical data and historical performance of the business. We engaged 
our own internal expert to assist with these procedures. 

Assessed the independence and competency of Management’s expert; 

Agreed the consideration included in the acquisition accounting to 
the terms of the SPA; 

Visited the underlying operations in Romania to understand the 
business, physically inspect the key assets on site and agree this to 
Management’s assessment of intangible assets (brand, order 
backlog) and tangible assets accounted for as part of the transaction; 

Challenged Management over the completeness of the acquisition 
balance sheet through substantive testing procedures and review of legal 
and tax due diligence performed as part of the acquisition process; and 

•

Reviewed the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosures in the 
financial statements.

Key observation 

From our testing performed, there were no material issues identified in the valuation and accounting treatment of the acquisition of Setcar S.A..

®

34 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Independent auditor’s report 
continued

Key audit matter identified 

Going concern 

The financial statements explain how the Board has formed a 
judgement that it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis 
of preparation for the Group and Parent Company. The Board’s 
consideration of going concern, including the potential impacts 
of COVID-19, are disclosed in note 1. 

That judgement is based on an evaluation of the inherent risks to the 
Group’s and Parent Company’s business model and how those risks 
might affect the Group’s and Parent Company’s financial resources and 
ability to continue operations over a period of at least 12 months from 
the date of approval of the financial statements. 

The risk for our audit was whether or not those risks were such that 
they amounted to a material uncertainty that may have cast significant 
doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern. Had they been 
such, then that fact would have been required to have been disclosed.

How our audit responded to the risk 

Agreed the current cash position of the group to support the opening 
cash position applied by the Directors and Management in their cash 
flow forecast. 

Critically assessed the Directors and Management’s going concern 
assessment, including the reasonableness of assumptions applied 
and downside stress case sensitivities applied using both our 
underlying knowledge of the business and with regard to COVID-19 
scenarios being applied across the market. 

Considered the key sensitivities applied in the cash flow model 
pertaining to revenue and cost base giving regarding to current 
trading since March 2020, the overall contract pipeline in place and 
management of the Group’s and Parent Company’s cost base. 

Assessed the completeness and accuracy of the matters covered in 
the going concern disclosure with reference to the Director’s and 
Management’s going concern assessment.

Our application of materiality 
We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing 
our audit, and in evaluating the effect of misstatements. We consider 
materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including 
omissions, could influence the economic decisions of reasonable users 
that are taken on the basis of the financial statements. Importantly, 
misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as 
immaterial as we also take account of the nature of identified 
misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence, 
when evaluating their effect on the financial statements as a whole. 

We determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole to be 
€300,000 based on a 2% of net assets. 

We determined that for the income statement and those working 
capital items on the balance sheet that would impact the profit or loss, 
a misstatement of less than materiality for the financial statements as a 
whole, specific materiality, could influence the economic decisions of 
users. This was determined to be €175,000 based on 5% of loss before 
tax (2018: No specific materiality applied). 

In the prior year, a basis of 3% net assets was applied to both the 
statement of financial position and to the income statement (€300k). 
The shift to utilising specific materiality for this financial year reflects the 
changes to the Group, in particular the acquisition of Setcar S.A. at the 
end of the financial year. The impact of the acquisition has materially 
increased the Group’s overall net assets but only one month of trading 
has been included in the Income statement. Alongside this, the 
reduction in the materiality applied to the Income statement and those 
working capital items on the balance sheet that would impact the profit 
or loss also highlights the development of the Group and the focus of 
the users of the financial statements on the key trading KPIs rather than 
the underlying balance sheet. In line with the auditing standards we 
continue to reassess this each year. Parent Company materiality has 
been applied €200,000 (2018: €225,000) and all other components have 
been audited using a range of €80,000 – €140,000 in relation to specific 
materiality for the profit or loss and €150,000-€250,000 in relation to 
the component financial statements as a whole. 

Performance materiality is the application of materiality at the individual 
account or balance level set at an amount to reduce to an appropriately 
low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and 
undetected misstatements exceeds materiality for the financial 
statements as a whole. Performance materiality was determined based 
on 75% of materiality being €230,000 (financial statement) and €130,000 
(specific) (2018: €230,000) on the basis that we have not identified high 
volumes or values of misstatements in the prior year audits. 

We agreed with the audit committee that we would report to the 
committee all individual audit differences identified during the course 
of our audit in excess of €6,000 (€6,000). We also agreed to report 
differences below these thresholds that, in our view, warranted 
reporting on qualitative grounds. 

There were no uncorrected misstatements identified during the course of 
our audit that were individually, or in aggregate, considered to be material 
in terms of their absolute monetary value or on qualitative grounds. 

An overview of the scope of our audit 
Our Group audit scope focused on the Group’s principal operating 
entities, Directa Plus Plc, Directa Plus S.p.A. and Setcar S.A.. We have 
identified these entities as significant components for the purposes of 
our financial statement audit, based on their relative share of total net 
assets and contribution to the statement of comprehensive income. 

All audit work (full scope or review work) was conducted by the Group 
audit team and other BDO member firms. The audit of Directa Plus Plc 
was performed by the Group audit team, whilst the audit of Directa Plus 
S.p.A. was performed in Italy by the component auditors, BDO Italia 
S.p.A and the audit of Setcar S.A., was performed in Romania by 
component auditors, BDO Romania. This resulted in substantive 
procedures being performed over 99% of net assets and loss before tax. 
The remaining components of the Group were considered non-
significant and these components were principally subject to analytical 
review procedures, together with additional substantive testing over 
the risk areas detailed above where applicable to that component. 

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

35 

As part of our audit strategy members of the Group audit team issued 
detailed group reporting instructions, directed and supervised both the 
Italian and Romanian audit teams and conducted onsite visits during the 
planning stage. The Group team also attended the remote completion 
meetings with both component teams. The Group audit team had full 
access to all audit working papers of the significant components and 
undertook remote reviews of the underlying audit work performed. 

Other information 
The Directors are responsible for the other information. The other 
information comprises the information included in the annual report, 
other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. 
Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other 
information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our 
report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our 
responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider 
whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the 
financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such 
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are 
required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in 
the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other 
information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude 
that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are 
required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the 
Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

•

the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors’ report 
for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared 
is consistent with the financial statements; and 

•

the Strategic report and the Directors’ report have been prepared in 
accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to 
report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the 
Parent Company and its environment obtained in the course of the 
audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic 
report or the Directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in 
relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you 
if, in our opinion: 

•

•

•

•

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent 
Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received 
from branches not visited by us; or 

the Parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with 
the accounting records and returns; or 

certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are 
not made; or 

we have not received all the information and explanations we 
require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of Directors 
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ responsibilities, 
within the Directors’ report, set out on page 21, the Directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for 
being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal 
control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the 
preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for 
assessing the Group’s and the Parent Company’s ability to continue as 
a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the 
Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent Company 
or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of 
the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the 
financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, 
but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs 
(UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material 
if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to 
influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial 
statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at : 
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of 
our auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a 
body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the 
Parent Company’s members those matters we are required to state to 
them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to 
anyone other than the Parent Company and the Parent Company’s 
members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the 
opinions we have formed. 

Matt Crane (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor 
London, UK 

20 May 2020 

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales 
(with registered number OC305127). 

®

 
 
36 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
for the year ended 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              31 Dec 2019                          31 Dec 2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Note                                                €                                                € 

Continuing operations 
Revenue                                                                                                                                                                                                     3                      2,631,819                       2,253,293 
Other income                                                                                                                                                                                       3/5                          183,033                          248,695 
Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress                                                                                      6                            87,537                         (133,382) 
Raw materials and consumables used                                                                                                                                        7                    (1,185,360)                    (1,299,078) 
Employee benefits expenses                                                                                                                                                            8                    (2,148,923)                    (2,112,650) 
Depreciation and amortisation                                                                                                                                                13/14                        (837,055)                       (674,919) 
Other expenses                                                                                                                                                                                       9                    (2,286,054)                    (2,197,670) 

Results from operating activities                                                                                                                                                                        (3,555,002)                    (3,915,711) 

Finance income                                                                                                                                                                                    11                          164,536                               4,440 
Finance expenses                                                                                                                                                                                 11                           (35,972)                          (45,143) 

Net finance costs                                                                                                                                                                                                               128,563                           (40,703) 

Loss before tax                                                                                                                                                                                                              (3,426,439)                    (3,956,414) 

Tax expense                                                                                                                                                                                            12                            25,225                                 (414) 

Loss after tax from continuing operations                                                                                                                                                     (3,401,214)                    (3,956,828) 

Loss of the year                                                                                                                                                                                                            (3,401,214)                    (3,956,828) 

Other comprehensive income items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss 
Defined Benefit Plan re-measurement gains and losses                                                                                                   22                           (12,802)                              1,219 

Other comprehensive (expense)/income for the year (net of tax)                                                                                                           (12,802)                              1,219 

Total comprehensive (expense)/income for the year                                                                                                                               (3,414,016)                    (3,955,609) 

Loss attributable to 
Owner of the Parent                                                                                                                                                                                                    (3,585,215)                    (3,961,259) 
Non-controlling interests                                                                                                                                                                                               184,001                               4,431 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (3,401,214)                    (3,956,828) 
Total comprehensive (expense)/income attributable to: 
Owners of the Company                                                                                                                                                                                           (3,598,017)                    (3,960,040) 
Non-controlling interests                                                                                                                                                                                               184,001                               4,431 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (3,414,016)                    (3,955,609) 

Loss per share 
Basic loss per share                                                                                                                                                                             25                                (0.07)                               (0.09) 
Diluted loss per share                                                                                                                                                                         25                                (0.07)                               (0.09) 

The notes on pages 40 to 68 form part of these financial statements.

Overview 
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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

37 

Consolidated and company statement of financial position 
for the year ended 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group                                                                                     Company

                                                                                                                                                                                             31 Dec 19                               31 Dec 18                              31 Dec 19                               31 Dec 18 
                                                                                                                                                     Note                                                €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Assets 
Intangible assets                                                                                              13                      2,202,452                       1,467,478                                        –                                        – 
Investments                                                                                                       15                                        –                                        –                   21,180,336                    16,180,336 
Property, plant and equipment                                                                14                      4,730,752                       1,062,435                                        –                                        – 
Trade and other receivables                                                                       16                          109,698                                        –                                        –                                        – 

Non-current assets                                                                                                                 7,042,902                       2,529,913                   21,180,336                    16,180,336 

Inventories                                                                                                           6                      1,095,936                          862,284                                        –                                        – 
Trade and other receivables                                                                       16                      2,943,286                       2,059,217                          203,404                          158,594 
Cash and cash equivalent                                                                           18                   10,906,076                       5,503,884                      7,669,360                       3,968,016 

Current assets                                                                                                                         14,945,298                       8,425,385                      7,872,765                       4,126,610 

Total assets                                                                                                                               21,988,200                    10,955,298                   29,053,101                    20,306,946 

Equity 
Share capital                                                                                                     19                          190,512                          154,465                          190,512                          154,465 
Share premium                                                                                                19                   31,395,612                    22,104,240                   31,395,612                    22,104,240 
Foreign currency translation reserve                                                                                        4,147                                        –                                        –                                        – 
Retained earnings                                                                                           19                  (17,656,325)                 (14,044,656)                   (2,616,723)                    (2,055,143) 

Equity attributable to owners of Group                                                                    13,933,946                       8,214,049                   28,969,401                    20,203,562 

Non-controlling interests                                                                             19                      1,240,194                             27,361                                        –                                        – 

Total equity                                                                                                                              15,174,140                       8,241,410                   28,969,401                    20,203,562 

Liabilities 
Lease liabilities                                                                                                 21                          439,690                             57,011                                        –                                        – 
Employee benefits provision                                                                     24                          416,095                          335,132                                        –                                        – 
Other payables                                                                                                 24                          196,690                                        –                                        –                                        – 
Deferred tax liabilities                                                                                    17                          135,059                                        –                                        –                                        – 

Non-current liabilities                                                                                                           1,187,534                          392,143                                        –                                        – 

Loans and borrowing                                                                                    20                          484,701                          168,701                                        –                                        – 
Lease liabilities                                                                                                 21                          184,900                             58,121                                        –                                        – 
Trade and other payables                                                                           24                      4,956,926                       2,094,922                            83,699                          103,385 

Current liabilities                                                                                                                     5,626,527                       2,321,745                            83,699                          103,385 

Total liabilities                                                                                                                           6,814,061                       2,713,888                            83,699                          103,385 

Total equity and liabilities                                                                                                21,988,200                    10,955,298                   29,053,101                    20,306,947 

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its own 
statement of comprehensive income in these financial statements. The Company loss after tax for the year was €558,846 (2018: €779,197). 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 

Giulio Cesareo                                                      Marco Ferrari 
Chief Executive Officer                                       Chief Financial Officer 

20 May 2020 

The notes on pages 40 to 68 form part of these financial statements.

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38 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 
for the year ended 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Foreign 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      currency                                                                                       Non-                                  
                                                                                                                                                           Share                    Share          translation              Retained                                          controlling                      Total 
                                                                                                                                                         capital             premium                 reserve               earnings                      Total               interests                   equity 
                                                                                                                                                                    €                              €                              €                              €                              €                              €                              € 

Balance at 31 December 2017                                                           142,628     19,973,996                         –   (10,250,224)      9,866,400             22,930       9,889,329 

Total comprehensive (expense)/income for the year 
Loss of the year                                                                                                        –                         –                         –      (3,961,259)     (3,961,259)               4,431      (3,956,828) 
Total other comprehensive (expense)/income                                         –                         –                         –                1,219                1,219                         –                1,219 
Total comprehensive (expense)/income for the period                     –                         –                         –      (3,960,040)     (3,960,040)               4,431      (3,955,609) 
Capital raised                                                                                                 11,837       2,355,548                         –                         –       2,367,385                         –       2,367,385 
Expenditure related to the issuance of shares                                           –          (225,304)                       –                         –          (225,304)                       –          (225,304) 
Share-based payment                                                                                          –                         –                         –           165,610           165,610                         –           165,610 

Balance at 31 December 2018                                                           154,465     22,104,240                         –   (14,044,656)      8,214,049             27,361       8,241,410 

Total comprehensive (expense)/income for the year 
Loss of the year                                                                                                        –                         –                         –      (3,585,215)     (3,585,215)          184,001      (3,401,214) 
Total other comprehensive (expense)/income                                         –                         –                         –            (12,802)           (12,802)                       –            (12,802) 
Total comprehensive (expense)/income for the period                     –                         –                         –      (3,598,017)     (3,598,017))        184,001      (3,414,016) 
Capital raised                                                                                                 36,047     10,043,120                         –                         –     10,079,167                         –     10,079,167 
Expenditure related to the issuance of shares                                           –          (751,748)                       –                         –          (751,748)                       –          (751,748) 
Translation reserve                                                                                                 –                         –                4,147                         –                4,147                         –                4,147 
Share-based payment                                                                                          –                         –                         –            (13,652)           (13,652)                       –            (13,652) 
Setcar non-controlling interest of acquisition                                            –                         –                         –                         –                         –       1,028,831       1,028,831 

 Balance at 31 December 2019                                                          190,512    31,395,612               4,147  (17,656,325)  13,933,946      1,240,194    15,174,140 

Company statement of changes in equity 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Share                                       Share                                Retained                                         Total 
                                                                                                                                                                                                    capital                               premium                                 earnings                                      equity 
                                                                                                                                                                                                               €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Balance at 31 December 2017                                                                                               142,628                    19,973,996                     (1,380,478)                   18,736,146 

Loss for the year                                                                                                                                           –                                        –                         (779,197)                       (779,197) 
Capital raised                                                                                                                                     11,837                       2,355,548                                        –                       2,367,385 
Expenditure related to the issuance of shares                                                                               –                         (225,304)                                      –                         (225,304) 
Share-based payment                                                                                                                              –                                        –                          104,532                          104,532 

Balance at 31 December 2018                                                                                               154,465                    22,104,240                     (2,055,143)                   20,203,562 

Loss for the year                                                                                                                                           –                                        –                         (558,846)                       (558,846) 
Capital raised                                                                                                                                     36,047                    10,043,120                                        –                    10,079,167 
Expenditure related to the issuance of shares                                                                               –                         (751,748)                                      –                         (751,748) 
Share-based payment                                                                                                                              –                                        –                              (2,733)                            (2,733) 

 Balance at 31 December 2019                                                                                             190,512                   31,395,612                    (2,616,722)                  28,969,402 

The notes on pages 40 to 68 form part of these financial statements.

Overview 
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Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

39 

Consolidated and company statement of cash flows 
for the year ended 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group                                                                                     Company

                                                                                                                                                                                             31 Dec 19                               31 Dec 18                              31 Dec 19                               31 Dec 18 
                                                                                                                                                     Note                                                €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss for the year before tax                                                                                                 (3,426,439)                    (3,956,414)                       (558,846)                       (779,197) 

Adjustments for: 
Depreciation                                                                                                      14                          452,309                          357,014                                        –                                        – 
Amortisation of intangible assets                                                            13                          384,746                          317,905                                        –                                        – 
Share-based payment expense                                                                                              (13,652)                         165,610                             (2,733)                         104,532 
Finance income                                                                                               11                        (164,535)                            (4,440)                       (164,529)                            (3,194) 
Finance expense                                                                                                                              35,829                             45,143                               2,081                             22,610 

                                                                                                                                                        (2,731,742)                    (3,075,182)                       (724,028)                       (655,249) 
Increase/decrease in: 
– inventories                                                                                                        6                           (79,451)                         133,382                                        –                                        – 
– trade and other receivables                                                                    16                          240,963                         (897,506)                         (44,811)                          (49,354) 
– trade and other payables                                                                         24                        (714,799)                         758,397                           (19,685)                           56,949 
– provisions and employee benefits                                                      22                            59,342                             47,175                                        –                                        – 

Net cash from operating activities                                                                                (3,225,687)                    (3,033,734)                       (788,524)                       (647,654) 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Interest received                                                                                              11                               2,874                               4,440                               3,982                               3,194 
Investment in intangible assets                                                                13                        (232,546)                       (207,158)                                      –                                        – 
Investment in subsidiary                                                                             15                                        –                                        –                    (5,000,000)                    (2,000,000) 
Net cash arisen from business acquisition                                                                      (137,345)                                      –                                        –                                        – 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment                                  14                        (161,589)                       (120,456)                                      –                                        – 

Net cash used in investing activities                                                                                (528,606)                       (323,174)                   (4,996,018)                    (1,996,806) 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from Capital raise                                                                                              10,079,167                       2,367,385                   10,079,167                       2,367,385 
Expenditure related to the issuance of shares                                                               (751,747)                       (225,304)                       (751,747)                       (225,304) 
Interest paid                                                                                                                                        (9,773)                          (16,329)                                      –                                 (941) 
New borrowings                                                                                              20                                        –                             66,607                                        –                                        – 
Repayment of borrowings                                                                                                      (190,193)                       (239,344)                                      –                                        – 
Interest of lease liabilities                                                                                                           (16,124)                                      –                                        –                                        – 
Repayment of lease liabilities                                                                                                (115,133)                                      –                                        –                                        – 

Net cash from/(used in) financing activities                                                              8,996,197                       1,953,015                      9,327,420                       2,141,140 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalent                                          5,241,904                     (1,403,893)                    3,540,797                         (503,320) 
Cash and cash equivalent at beginning of the year                                               5,503,884                       6,929,446                      3,968,016                       4,493,006 

Exchange (losses)/gains on cash and cash equivalents                                          160,548                           (21,669)                        160,548                           (21,669) 

Cash and cash equivalent at end of the year                                                          10,906,076                       5,503,884                      7,669,360                       3,968,016 

The notes on pages 40 to 68 form part of these financial statements.

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40 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019

1. Basis of preparation 

a)  Statement of compliance 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, International 
Accounting Standards and Interpretations (collectively “IFRSs”) as adopted for use in the European Union and with those parts of Company Act 
2006 to companies preparing their financial statements under the adopted IFRS. 

The principal accounting policies are summarised below. They have all been applied consistently throughout the year and the preceding year, 
unless otherwise stated. 

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as since the Directors believe that the Group has adequate resources to 
remain in operation for the foreseeable future. 

All notes, except as otherwise indicated, are presented in Euros (“€”). 

I.  Going concern 
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant, immediate impact on the global economies and on the operations and operational funding of 
participants in international supply chains. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has not, to date, had a significant adverse impact on the Group’s operations but the Directors are aware that if the current 
situation becomes prolonged then this may change. Further details of the current assessment of the impact on the business are set out in the 
strategic report. Based on very recent projections, the Directors believe that: 

a) the demand for graphene products will be volatile, although the positive outlook and general market appetite is confirmed; and 

b) the demand for environmental services will be impacted in the next few months mainly in relation to the oil & gas segment due to the fact of 

the depressed oil price with the combined impact of COVID-19. 

Management believes that the Group has the systems and protocols in place to address these challenges. At the date of approval of these financial 
statements it is not clear how long the current circumstances are likely to last and what the long-term impact will be. 

As at 31 December 2019, the Group had net assets of €15.17m (2018: €8.2m) and cash and cash equivalent of €10.91m (2018: €5.50m).The Directors 
prepare annual budgets and forecasts in order to ensure that they have sufficient liquidity in place in the business. In addition, in response to the 
rapidly evolving COVID-19 situation, the Directors, in formulating the plan and strategy for the future development of the business, considered a 
base case scenario involving c.25% reduction in forecast revenues. The Directors have also stress tested the base case scenario by applying a 
further material reduction in forecast revenues, and mitigation or deferral of capital and operational expenditure. In both these scenarios, the 
Group is projected to have the financial capacity to support its viability, following the uncertainties and challenges created by the COVID-19 
pandemic, until at least the end of 2021. 

The Directors review regularly updates to the scenario planning such that it can put in place mitigating actions and maintain the viability of the 
company and will keep stakeholders informed as necessary. 

The Directors have taken steps to utilise the various support mechanisms, such us redundancy funds or equivalent and soft loan specifically 
foreseen by governments to support companies during the general global economy slowdown due to COVID-19. Moreover, the Directors consider 
several options in terms of regional and European grants able to provide funding in the following months to sustain the R&D activities. Operational 
and financial KPI are strictly monitored.  

Having regard to the above, and based on their latest assessment of the budgets and forecasts for the business of the company, the Directors 
consider that there are sufficient funds available to the Group to enable it to meet its liabilities as they fall due for a period of not less than twelve 
months from the date of approval of the financial statements. The Directors therefore consider it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting in preparing the financial statements.

Overview 
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Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

41 

1. Basis of preparation continued 
b)  Basis of consolidation 
I.  Business combination 
The Group accounts for business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. The cost of the business combination is measured 
as the aggregate of the fair value of the assets acquired, liabilities incurred or assumed and equity instruments issued. Costs attributable to the 
business combination are expensed as incurred. 

The acquiree’s identifiable assets and liabilities which meet the recognition conditions are recognised at the fair values at the acquisition date. 

Contingent liabilities are only included in the identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquiree where there is a present obligation at acquisition 
date that arises from past events and its fair value can be measured reliably. 

Any difference arising between the fair value and the tax base of the acquiree’s assets and liabilities that give rise to a taxable or deductible 
difference result in the recognition of a deferred tax liability or asset. 

Non-controlling interest arising from a business combination is measured either at their share of the fair value of the assets and liabilities of 
the acquiree. 

Goodwill is not amortised but it is tested on an annual basis for impairment. 

II.  Subsidiaries 
Where the Company has control over an investee, it is classified as a subsidiary. The Company controls an investee if all three of the following elements 
are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns from the investee, and the ability of the investor to use its power to affect those 
variable returns. Control is reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change in any of these elements of control. 

The total comprehensive income of non-wholly owned subsidiaries is attributed to owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests in 
proportion to their relative ownership interests. 

III.  Transaction eliminated on consolidation 
The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company and its subsidiaries (“the Group”) as if they formed a single entity. 
Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full. 

IV.  Non-controlling interest 
Non-controlling interest in the net assets of the consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the Group’s equity. Non-controlling 
interests consist of the amount of those interests at the date of the original business combination and the non-controlling shareholder’s share 
changes in equity since the date of the combination. The non-controlling interest’s share of losses, where applicable, are attributed to the non-
controlling interests irrespective of whether the non-controlling shareholders have a binding obligation and are able to make an additional 
investment to cover the losses. 

c)  Functional and presentation currency 
These financial statements are presented in Euro (“€”) and is considered by the Directors to be the most appropriate presentation currency to assist 
the users of the financial statements. The functional currency of the Company and of the Italian operating subsidiary is Euro (“€”). The functional 
currency of the Romanian subsidiary is RON. 

d)  Use of estimates and judgements 
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS, as adopted by the EU, requires management to make judgements, estimates 
and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. The estimates and 
associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, 
the results of which form the basis of making judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other 
sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which 
the estimates are revised if the revision affects only that period. 

Critical estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements and/or have a 
significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year are as follows:

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42 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

1. Basis of preparation continued 
I.  Carrying value of capitalised development costs 
The carrying value of capitalised development costs is reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of 
an asset may not be recoverable and at a minimum at each reporting date. The Group capitalises development costs provided the recognition 
conditions meet the criteria set out in IAS 38. During the year costs have been capitalised in relation to projects to enhance and develop the 
production process and the industrial application for G+® Graphene. The majority of the capitalised costs relate to internal employee costs and 
Management are able to separately identify time spent on these projects through the group’s internal time card management program. Management 
and the Directors continually assess the commercial potential of the technology and products in development. The costs capitalised in period have 
resulted in the development of new IP and Management has assessed that there is sufficient evidence to support that economic benefit will flow. 

II.  Defined benefit scheme 
Provision for benefits upon termination of employment related to amounts accrued by Italian companies for employment retirement. In 
determining this provision Management employs actuarial techniques, including the involvement of an external experts. All key estimates applied 
have been included in note 22. 

III.  Revenues recognition 
Following the acquisition of Setcar during the year, Management has reviewed the key contracts pertaining to the environmental services provided 
and determined that revenue is recognised over time rather than at a point in time as this is the best representation of when the performance 
obligations under the contracts is provided. This is considered a key judgement for this financial period as these revenue streams differ from those 
earned by the Group in the past. 

IV.  Business combination 
Control assessments are performed by the management, per the requirements of IFRS 10, to establish control in the business combination. 
Management believe that Directa Plus S.p.A. has control of Setcar S.A. under IFRS 10 provisions based on the followings: 

•

•

Directa Plus S.p.A. owns directly 51% of the share capital issued by Setcar S.A.. 

Based on the Articles of Association (“AoA”) in place, Directa Plus S.p.A. can control the General Meeting of Setcar S.A.. From the control of the 
general meeting derives the control of the BoD. 

•

The operations of the Company are supervised and managed by Razvan Popescu, appointed as Director by Directa Plus. 

Based on the control provided in the measures above: 

•

•

Directa Plus is exposed to variable returns from its involvement with the investee. 

Directa Plus has the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns. 

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The determination of fair value of acquired assets and 
liabilities often requires Management to make estimates and assumptions. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net 
assets acquired is then assigned to goodwill. Goodwill is assigned to individual CGUs based on the relative fair value and/or the CGUs that are 
expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination. Refer to note 4 for further details in acquisitions. 

Sales order backlog has been recognised as an intangible. Whilst there are long term framework agreements in place with customers, Management have 
considered a short useful economic life to reflect that purchase orders can vary annually and there are no guaranteed orders for longer than one year. 

e)  New standards adopted for the period 
I.  IFRS 16 – Leases 
In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 “Leases” (“IFRS 16”), which requires entities to recognise right-of use (“ROU”) assets and lease obligations 
on the statement of financial position. The Group adopted IFRS 16 on 1 January 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. The modified 
retrospective approach does not require restatement of prior period financial information, instead recognising the cumulative effect as an 
adjustment to the opening retained earnings and the Group applied the standard prospectively. 

The Group has applied the standard while using the following optional expedients permitted under the standard: 

•

•

Short-term leases – those with terms of 12 months or less at date of adoption. 

Low-value leases. 

On 1 January 2019, the Group recognised a cumulative increase to ROU assets of €0.57 million for leases previously classified as operating leases, 
directly offset to the lease obligations. The weighted average borrowing rate used to determine the lease obligation at adoption was approximately 
2.5%. The assets and lease obligations related to the adoption of IFRS 16, relate to the production facility.

Overview 
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Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

43 

1. Basis of preparation continued 
The Company depreciates the ROU assets on a straight-line basis over the length of the lease unless management determines this is not 
representative of the useful life, in which case, management will estimate the useful life of the asset to be used. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         € 

Minimum operating lease commitments as at 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                          59,083  
Less: short-term leases not recognised under IFRS 16                                                                                                                                                                                     (5,083)  
Plus: effect of extension options reasonably certain to be exercised                                                                                                                                                    438,000 

Undiscounted lease payments                                                                                                                                                                                                                               492,000  
Less: effect of discounting using the incremental borrowing rate as at the date of initial application                                                                                    (35,181)  

Lease liabilities for leases classified as operating type under IAS 17                                                                                                                                                     456,819  
Plus: leases previously classified as finance type under IAS 17                                                                                                                                                                115,132  

Lease liability as at 1 January 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                       571,951  

II.  IFRIC 23 
IFRIC 23 interpretation addresses the accounting for income taxes when there is uncertainty over tax treatments. It clarifies that an entity must 
consider the probability that the tax authorities will accept a treatment retained in its income tax filings, assuming that they have full knowledge of 
all relevant information when making their examination. In such a case, the income taxes shall be determined in line with the income tax filings. 
The adoption of this standard has had no effect on the financial results of the Group. 

2. Significant accounting policies 

a)  Functional and foreign currency 
The financial statements of each Group company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which that company 
operates (the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements record the results and financial position of each Group company in Euro, 
which is the functional currency of the Company and the presentational currency for the consolidated financial statements. 

I.  Transaction and balances 
Transactions in foreign currencies are converted in to the respective functional currencies at initial recognition, using the exchange rates at the 
transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities at the end of the reporting period are translated at the rates ruling at the reporting date. Non-monetary 
assets and liabilities are not retranslated. All exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss. On consolidation, the results of overseas operations 
not in Euro are translated at the rates approximating to those ruling when the transactions took place. All assets and liabilities of overseas operations 
are translated at the rate ruling at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on translating the opening net assets at closing rate and the results 
of overseas operations at actual rate are recognised in other comprehensive income. 

b)  Financial instruments 
There are no other categories of financial assets other than those listed below: 

I.  Trade and other receivables and amounts due from subsidiaries 
Trade and other receivables and amounts due from subsidiaries are recognised and carried at the original invoice amount less any provision 
for impairment. 

The Group recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses (“ECL”) on financial assets that are measured at amortised cost which comprise 
mainly trade receivables. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial 
recognition of the respective financial instrument. 

The Group always recognises lifetime ECL on trade receivables. The expected credit losses on these financial assets are estimated using a provision 
matrix based on the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an 
assessment of both the current as well as the forecast direction of conditions at the reporting date, including time value of money where appropriate.

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44 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

2. Significant accounting policies continued 
II.  Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents comprise demand deposits with an original maturity up to 3 months are readily convertible to a known amount of 
cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. 

There are no other categories of financial liabilities other than those listed below: 

III.  Trade and other payables 
Trade payables are stated at their amortised cost. 

IV.  Financial liabilities and equity 
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity 
instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the asset of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued 
by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received net of direct issue costs. 

c)  Share capital 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are netted off against 
share premium. 

d)  Property, plant and equipment 
I.  Recognition and measurement 
Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation, Government grants received (where applicable) and 
accumulated impairment losses. 

Costs capitalised include expenditure that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. 

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) 
of property, plant and equipment. 

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between the net proceeds from disposal 
and the carrying amount of the item) are recognised in profit or loss. 

II.  Subsequent costs 
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the 
Group. Ongoing repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. 

III.  Depreciation 
Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis in the statement of comprehensive income over the estimated 
useful lives of each component. 

Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date that they are installed and are ready for use, or in respect of internally 
constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use. 

The estimated useful lives of significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows: 

•

•

IT equipment from 3 to 5 years. 

Industrial equipment, office equipment and plant and machinery from 5 to 10 years. 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted where appropriate.

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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

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2. Significant accounting policies continued 
e)  Intangible assets 
Intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and Government grants received (where applicable). The carrying value of 
intangible assets is reviewed annually for impairment. 

Patent rights acquired and development expenditure are recognised at cost. 

Expenditure on internally developed products is capitalised if it can be demonstrated that: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

it is technically feasible to develop the product; 

adequate resources are available to complete the development; 

there is an intention to complete and sell the product; 

the Group is able to sell the product; 

sale of the product will generate future economic benefits; and 

expenditure on the project can be measured reliably. 

Capitalised development costs are amortised over the period the Group expects to benefit from selling the products developed (Useful Economic 
Life). The amortisation expense is included within the cost of sales in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 

Development expenditure not satisfying the above criteria and expenditure on the research phase of internal projects are recognised in the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive income as incurred. 

Capitalised development expenditure is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. 

Other intangible assets that are acquired by the Group and have finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and 
accumulated impairment losses. 

I.  Amortisation 
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis in profit or loss over their estimated useful lives, from the date that they are available for use. 
The estimated useful lives of significant intangible assets are as follows: 

•

•

•

•

Patents and research and development costs concerning G+® technology, are amortised over the lower of the legal duration of the patent 
(typically 20 years) and the economic useful life. These are currently amortised over 10 years. 

Brand: 25 years. 

Orderbook: 1 year. 

Others: 1 year. 

f)  Inventories 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realisable value. The cost of inventories comprises of net prices paid for materials purchased, 
production labour cost and factory overhead. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and 
costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distribution. Inventory provisions are recognised for slow-moving, obsolete or unsaleable inventory 
and are reviewed on a six months basis.

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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

2. Significant accounting policies continued 
g)  Goodwill 
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of a business combination over the Group’s interest in the fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and 
contingent liabilities acquired.  

Cost comprises the fair value of assets given, liabilities assumed and equity instruments issued, plus the amount of any non-controlling interests in 
the acquiree plus, if the business combination is achieved in stages, the fair value of the existing equity interest in the acquiree. Contingent 
consideration is included in cost at its acquisition date fair value and, in the case of contingent consideration classified as a financial liability, 
remeasured subsequently through profit or loss.  

Goodwill is capitalised as an intangible asset with any impairment in carrying value being charged to the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income. Where the fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities exceed the fair value of consideration paid, 
the excess is credited in full to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on the acquisition date. 

h)  Impairment 
Impairment tests on goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful economic lives are undertaken annually at the financial year end. 
Other non-financial assets are subject to impairment tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may 
not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash 
inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (“CGUs”). The Group’s CGUs 
generally align with each subsidiary. The recoverable amount is then estimated. The recoverable amount of an asset or a CGU is the greater of its 
net present value and its fair value less costs to sell.  

Net present value is generally computed as the present value of the future cash flows, discounted to present value using a pre-tax discount rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.  

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are 
recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill 
allocated to the unit and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit on a pro rata basis.  

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior years are assessed at each 
reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the 
estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation and amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.  

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior years are assessed at each 
reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the 
estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation and amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. 

i)  Employee benefits 
Defined benefit scheme surpluses and deficits are measured at: 

•

•

•

•

The fair value of plan assets at the reporting date; less 

Plan liabilities calculated using the projected unit credit method discounted to its present value using yields available on high quality corporate 
bonds that have maturity dates approximating to the terms of the liabilities; plus 

Unrecognised past service costs; less 

The effect of minimum funding requirements agreed with scheme trustees. 

Remeasurements of the net defined obligation are recognised directly within equity. The remeasurements include: 

•

•

•

Actuarial gains and losses. 

Return on plan assets (interest exclusive). 

Any asset ceiling effects (interest exclusive).

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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

47 

2. Significant accounting policies continued 
Service costs are recognised in profit or loss, and include current and past service costs as well as gains and losses on curtailments. 

Net interest expense (income) is recognised in profit or loss, and is calculated by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit 
obligation (asset) at the beginning of the annual period to the balance of the net defined benefit obligation (asset), considering the effects of 
contributions and benefit payments during the period. 

Gains or losses arising from changes to scheme benefits or scheme curtailment are recognised immediately in profit or loss. 

Settlements of defined benefit schemes are recognised in the period in which the settlement occurs. 

For more information please see note 22. 

j)  Revenues 
The Group operates diverse businesses and accordingly applies different methods for revenue recognition, based on the principles set out in IFRS 15. 

The revenue and profits recognised in any reporting period are based on the delivery of performance obligations and an assessment of when 
control is transferred to the customer. In determining the amount of revenue and profits to record, and associated balance sheet items, 
management is required to review performance obligations within individual contracts. This may involve some judgemental areas. 

Revenue is recognised either when the performance obligation in the contract has been performed (so ‘point in time’ recognition) or ‘over time’ as 
control of the performance obligation is transferred to the customer.  

For each performance obligation to be recognised over time, the Group applies a revenue recognition method that faithfully depicts the Group’s 
performance in transferring control of the goods or services to the customer. This decision requires assessment of the real nature of the goods or 
services that the Group has promised to transfer to the customer.  

•

Revenues from sale of graphene based products are typically recognised at a point in time when goods are delivered to the customer as with this, 
the customer gains the right of control over the goods. However, for export sales, control might also be transferred when delivered either to the 
port of departure or port of arrival, depending on the specific terms of the contract with a customer.  

•

Revenues from sale of equipment (such as Mobile Production Units) are typically recognised at point in time when goods are delivered to the 
customers and site acceptance test is successfully performed. 

•

Revenues from services relates mainly to environmental services provided by Setcar which are recognised: 

– on an over time basis when contracts include an obligation to process waste once the process occurred according with the contract in place. 

– at the point in time when the waste is delivered to our platform with no further performance obligations. 

Where cost has been incurred to undertake a performance obligation but this has not been realised at the year end the attributable costs are carried 
forward as work in progress. 

k)  Government grants 
Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the relevant conditions and the grant 
will be received. Grants are recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis where the Group has recognised the initial expenses that the 
grants are intended to compensate. Where a grant has been received as a contribution for property, plant and equipment, or capitalised 
development costs, the income received has been credited against the asset in the statement of financial position. 

l)  Finance income and finance costs 
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested. Interest income is recognised in the profit or loss, using the effective interest 
method. Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings. 

Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognised in profit or loss 
using the effective interest method.

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

2. Significant accounting policies continued 
m)  Investments in subsidiaries (Company only) 
Investments are stated at their cost less any provision for impairment (then refer to h) Impairment). 

n)  Taxation 
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax is recognised in the profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a 
business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted 
at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting 
purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. 

Deferred tax is not recognised for: 

•

•

temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither 
accounting nor taxable profit or loss; 

temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not 
reverse in the foreseeable future; and 

•

taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. 

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or 
substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised for deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available 
against which they can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer 
probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. 

3. Operating segments 

IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports about components of the Group that are regularly reviewed 
by the chief operating decision makers (CEO, CFO, COO and CTO), as defined in IFRS 8, in order to allocate resources to the segments and to 
assess its performance. 

For management purposes, considering also the materiality the Group is organised into the following segments: 

•

•

•

Textile. 

Environmental. 

Others. 

For 2019 the Environmental segment was introduced to reflect the nature of the underlying business of Setcar. Textile and Environmental were 
considered by the Management the strategic segments able to sustain the growth. Management’s strategic needs are constantly monitored and an 
update of the segments will be provided if required. Any further update of the segment analysis will be reflected in this section. 

Segment profit/(loss) represents the profit/(loss) earned by each segment, including all the direct costs that are directly correlated with the 
segment. Overhead, assets and liabilities not directly attributable to a specific segment have been allocated as Head Office.

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3. Operating segments continued 
As the business evolves this is an area that will be assessed on a regular basis and additional segmental reporting will be provided at the 
appropriate time. 

                                                                                                                                                 Textile                   Environmental                                    Others                          Head office                      Consolidated 
2019                                                                                                                                               €                                                €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Revenue                                                                                              1,650,534                          876,398                          104,888                                        –                      2,631,819 
Cost of sales*                                                                                  (1,138,022)                      (329,651)                           10,450                                        –                    (1,457,223) 

Gross profit                                                                                          512,512                          546,747                          115,337                                        –                      1,174,596 

Other income                                                                                       116,062                               9,180                            57,792                                        –                          183,033 
Other expenses: 
– R&D expense                                                                                   (240,592)                      (149,165)                      (110,960)                                      –                        (500,718) 
– Advisory                                                                                               (58,504)                            (1,696)                                      –                    (1,018,924)                   (1,079,124) 
– Operating expenses                                                                     (945,743)                      (682,113)                                (556)                      (867,322)                   (2,495,734) 
– Depreciation and amortisation                                              (525,334)                      (263,345)                         (48,376)                                      –                        (837,055) 

Operating loss                                                                               (1,141,599)                      (540,393)                           13,237                    (1,886,246)                   (3,555,002) 

Financial costs                                                                                                   –                                        –                                        –                          128,563                          128,563 
Tax                                                                                                                           –                            25,225                                        –                                        –                            25,225 

Loss of the year                                                                             (1,141,599)                      (515,168)                           13,237                    (1,757,683)                   (3,401,214) 

Total asset                                                                                       13,655,846                      7,029,252                      1,316,061                                        –                   22,001,159 

Total liabilities                                                                                (2,502,635)                   (4,125,358)                      (198,283)                                      –                    (6,826,276) 

                                                                                                                                                 Textile                    Environmental                                     Others                           Head office                       Consolidated 
2018                                                                                                                                               €                                                €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Revenue                                                                                               1,664,847                          382,931                          205,515                                        –                       2,253,293 
Cost of sales*                                                                                    (1,426,378)                          (84,137)                       (145,066)                                      –                     (1,655,581) 

Gross profit                                                                                            238,469                          298,793                             60,449                                        –                          597,712 

Other income                                                                                          57,899                             71,334                                        –                          119,462                          248,695 
Other expenses: 
– R&D expense                                                                                    (226,744)                       (101,400)                       (119,540)                                      –                         (447,684) 
– Advisory                                                                                             (187,362)                          (46,674)                          (15,412)                       (656,597)                       (906,045) 
– Operating expenses                                                                      (798,009)                       (184,027)                          (83,256)                    (1,626,254)                    (2,729,886) 
– Depreciation and amortisation                                               (490,609)                       (129,367)                          (58,527)                                      –                         (678,503) 

Operating loss                                                                                (1,406,357)                          (91,341)                       (216,286)                    (2,163,388)                    (3,915,711) 

Financial costs                                                                                                   –                                        –                                        –                           (40,703)                          (40,703) 
Tax                                                                                                                     (414)                                      –                                        –                                        –                                 (414) 

Loss of the year                                                                              (1,406,771)                          (91,341)                       (216,286)                    (2,204,091)                    (3,956,828) 

Total asset                                                                                           7,969,050                          278,190                       2,708,058                                        –                    10,955,298 

Total liabilities                                                                                 (2,234,212)                          (11,604)                       (468,072)                                      –                     (2,713,888) 

*Includes Changes in inventories of finished goods

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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

3. Operating segments continued 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Sale of products                                                                                                                                                                                                             1,732,074                       2,066,876 
Sale of services                                                                                                                                                                                                                   899,746                          186,417 
Government grants                                                                                                                                                                                                             58,762                          129,232 
Other                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       124,271                          119,463 

Total income                                                                                                                                                                                                                   2,814,853                       2,501,988 

Geographical breakdown of revenues are: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Italy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1,642,122                       1,840,139 
Romania                                                                                                                                                                                                                                850,738                          192,840 
Rest of the world                                                                                                                                                                                                                138,959                          220,314 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2,631,819                       2,253,293 

The group has transacted with two main customers in 2019, which account for more than 10% of Group revenues for sales of products and 
services. This largest customer’s revenues amount to €947,828 (33%), whilst the next highest revenue earning customer provided €413,851 (15%). 
23% of the Group’s revenues for sales of products and services were recognised on an over time basis. 

Other Income of €183,033 includes Government Grants for €58,762 and R&D Expenditure Credit (RDEC) for €100,706. The RDEC is an Italian 
incentive scheme (art.3 DL 145/2013) designed to encourage companies to invest in research and development. The credit can be used to reduce 
corporation tax or to offset outstanding payables related to social security. 

4. Business combination 
On 25 November 2019 Directa Plus S.p.A. (“DP”) acquired 51% of the issued share capital of Setcar S.A. (“Setcar”) in order to integrate the control 
over the environmental services value chain becoming able to provide directly, as Group, waters treatment and soil treatment services.  

DP management has performed a control assessment as required under IFRS10 – Consolidated Financial Statement and concluded that DP directs 
the relevant activities of Setcar and, by virtue of this, has control over Setcar (details covered in the “Key Judgement” section). 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Book value                           Adjustment                               Fair value 
Setcar’s Balance sheet                                                                                                                                                                                             €’000                                        €’000                                        €’000 

Non-current assets 
Setcar brand                                                                                                                                                                                          68                                   317                                   385 
Order backlog                                                                                                                                                                                         –                                   181                                   181 
Other intangible assets                                                                                                                                                                       –                                     17                                     17 
PPE                                                                                                                                                                                                      2,329                               1,118                               3,447 
Non-current receivables                                                                                                                                                                118                                        –                                   118 

Total non-current assets                                                                                                                                                          2,514                               1,633                               4,147 

Total current assets                                                                                                                                                                    1,448                                        –                               1,448 

Total assets                                                                                                                                                                                     3,962                               1,633                               5,595 

Net assets                                                                                                                                                                                        2,337                               1,472                               3,810 

Non-current liabilities 
Loans and Borrowings non-current                                                                                                                                            90                                        –                                     90 
Provisions non-current                                                                                                                                                                     67                                        –                                     67 
Deferred tax liabilities                                                                                                                                                                          –                                   161                                   161 

Total non-current liabilities                                                                                                                                                        157                                   161                                   318 

Total current liabilities                                                                                                                                                              1,467                                        –                               1,467 

Total liabilities                                                                                                                                                                               1,625                                   161                               1,785 

Current assets include cash and cash equivalent at the date of acquisition equal to €174,801. On Completion, Directa Plus Plc paid their share 
(51%) of €600,000. Total cash paid less cash and cash equivalent acquired is €137,345.

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4. Business combination continued 
Measurement of fair value 
The valuation techniques used for measuring the fair value of material assets acquired were as follows: 

Asset                                                                                                                                                        Valuation technique 

Property – Office buildings                                                                                 Income approach – rent capitalisation 

Property – Industrial platform and land                                                       Market approach 

Plant and equipment                                                                                           Cost approach 

Orderback log                                                                                                          Income approach – MEEM (Multiperiod excess earnings method) 

Brand                                                                                                                           Royalties method 

The Company used an independent specialist to assist the Management with the calculation of the fair value on a per asset basis. The revaluation 
amounted to the fair value uplift of assets is €1.6 million (excluding deferred tax liabilities) with fair value of net assets acquired of €3.8 million and 
goodwill of €0.3 million.  

Consideration transferred 
The Setcar’s assets and liabilities were acquired for a consideration price of €2.1 million paid in cash to the Sellers as follows: 

•

•

•

€0.6 million upon Completion. 

€0.4 million on 30 April 2020 – Payment of the Second Instalment will be subject to maintaining the Net Asset Value of the Company as of 
Completion Date at a level at least equal to the Net Asset Value of the Company from the date of the Accounts. 

€0.85 million on the first anniversary of Completion – The payment of the Third Instalment will be performed provided that within one year 
after the Completion Date it is not proven that any of the Seller's Warranties listed in Annex 2 of this Agreement was incorrect, inaccurate, 
incomplete or misleading; 

•

€0.25 million on the second anniversary of Completion – representing a security for Warranty Claims that may be raised against the Company 
and/or the Sellers. 

Following completion, the DP and GVC provide a €2 million loan to Setcar, in proportion to their respective shareholdings in the company, in order 
to facilitate the payment of a €2 million dividend to the vendors of Setcar. 

The total purchase consideration is therefore equal to a €4.1 million, of which the consideration payable by the Company is €2.1 million. 

Based on the financial due diligence undertaken, Management has estimated that the full contingent consideration will be paid as no expectation 
of the decline in the Net Asset Value in Setcar or any warranties have arisen.  

Detailed calculation as follows: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Indicative fair value 
Purchase goodwill calculation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              €’000 

Total purchase consideration                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2,107 
Consideration paid by NCI                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1,985 
Book value of assets acquired                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3,962 
Fair value adjustment on assets acquired                                                                                                                                                                                                              1,633 

Fair value of assets acquired                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5,595 

Book value of liabilities assumed                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (1,624) 
Contingent and unrecorded liabilities assumed                                                                                                                                                                                                           - 
Indicative net deferred tax adjustment                                                                                                                                                                                                                      (161) 

Fair value of liabilities assumed                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (1,785) 

Fair value of net assets acquired                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3,810 

Indicative purchase goodwill                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         282 

If the acquisition would have occurred on 1 January 2019: 

•

•

increase of consolidated revenue for the eleven months ended 25 November 2019 would have been €3.2 million; and 

increase of consolidated loss for the eleven months ended 25 November 2019 would have been €0.3 million.

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

5. Government Grants 

Information regarding government grants: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Grata                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             5,262                             57,899 
Ecopave                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    53,500                             71,333 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           58,762                          129,232 

In relation to government grants (Grata and Ecopave), the operational activities refer to FY19 and related to these projects have been completed. 
Company has complied with the relevant conditions of the grants. 

The key terms of Government grants are: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Grata                                 Ecopave 

Starting date                                                                                                                                                                                                                               2017                                2017 

Ending date                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2019                                2020 

Duration (months)                                                                                                                                                                                                                         31                                     36 

Total amount                                                                                                                                                                                                                        126,324                          214,000 

Final report submitted and accepted                                                                                                                                                                                 Yes                   Project still 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            on-going 

There are no capital commitments built into the ongoing grants. Government grants have been recognised in Other Income. 

6. Inventory 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Finished products                                                                                                                                                                                                              825,920                          750,853 
Spare parts                                                                                                                                                                                                                            110,393                          102,400 
Raw material                                                                                                                                                                                                                          19,162                               9,031 
Working in progress                                                                                                                                                                                                          140,461                                        – 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1,095,936                          862,284 

As at 31 December 2019 total inventory value is higher than 2018, the movement is mainly driven by Setcar’s working in progress which refers to 
cost and services sustained for ongoing projects. Spare parts inventory was required to enhance maintenance efficiency and is composed of a 
small number of critical items with a material cost per unit. 

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53 

7. Raw materials and consumables 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Raw material and consumables                                                                                                                                                                                 236,191                          170,007 
Textile products                                                                                                                                                                                                                  949,169                       1,129,071 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1,185,360                       1,299,078 

Total raw materials and consumables are €1,185,360 (2018: €1,299,078) of which €949,169 (2018: €1,129,071) refers to textile products. 

8. Employee benefits expenses 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Wages and salaries                                                                                                                                                                                                        1,741,293                       1,557,471 
Social security costs                                                                                                                                                                                                         442,893                          384,998 
Employee benefits                                                                                                                                                                                                               94,239                             84,779 
Share option expense                                                                                                                                                                                                       (13,652)                         165,611 
Other costs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 5,998                             18,346 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2,270,771                       2,211,205 

Capitalised cost in “Intangible assets”                                                                                                                                                                    (121,848)                          (98,555) 

Total charged to the Income Statement                                                                                                                                                           2,148,923                       2,112,650 

The average number of employees (excluding Non-Executive Directors) during the period was as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 

Sales and administration                                                                                                                                                                                                           12                                        8 
Engineering, R&D and production                                                                                                                                                                                         26                                     17 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    38                                     25 

The total number of employees, employed by the Group on 31 December 2019 was 169 (2018: 27), 143 were Setcar’s employees. 

The Directors’ emoluments (including Non-Executive Directors) are as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Wages and salaries                                                                                                                                                                                                            775,708                          828,311 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         775,708                          828,311 

A detailed analysis of the remuneration of the Directors is detailed within the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 28 and 29.

®

54 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

9. Results from operating activities: 

Results from operating activities includes: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Audit of the Group and Company financial statements                                                                                                                                      81,997                             41,180 
Audit of the subsidiaries’ financial statements                                                                                                                                                       31,500                             18,000 
Other non-audit services provided by Group’s auditor                                                                                                                                          4,528                               2,292 
Tool manufacturing                                                                                                                                                                                                          179,614                          282,352 
Travel                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       221,397                          193,771 
Technical consultancies                                                                                                                                                                                                 427,362                          478,879 
Marketing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 26,804                          172,382 

Tool manufacturing expenses are referred mainly to fabrics printing service and decreased to €179,614 (2018: €282,352) thanks to the negotiation 
of new contracts with the suppliers. Technical consultancies and travel are approximately in line with previous year expenditure, meanwhile 
Marketing expenses decreased to €26,804 (2018: €172,382) due to the suspension of the relationship with the existing agency in Italy in 2019 to 
remap marketing activities for the 2020 year. 

11. Net finance expenses 

Finance expenses include: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Interest Income                                                                                                                                                                                                                      (3,988)                            (4,440) 
Interest on loans and other financial costs                                                                                                                                                               10,454                               8,499 
Interest on financial leasing                                                                                                                                                                                             16,700                               7,830 
Interest cost for benefit plan                                                                                                                                                                                              8,819                               7,145 
Foreign exchanges losses/(gains)                                                                                                                                                                             (160,548)                           21,669 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       (128,563)                           40,703 

Foreign exchange income of €160,548 (2018: €21,669) are mainly related to Sterling to Euro movement in the Group’s Sterling bank account. 

12. Taxation 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Current tax expense                                                                                                                                                                                                                   449                                   414 
Deferred tax expense/ (recovery)                                                                                                                                                                                 (25,674)                                      – 

Total tax expenses                                                                                                                                                                                                             (25,225)                                 414

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Financial statements 
Additional information 

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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

55 

12. Taxation continued 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
Reconciliation of tax rate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 €                                                € 

Loss before tax                                                                                                                                                                                                               (3,426,439)                    (3,956,414) 
Italian statutory tax rate                                                                                                                                                                                                          24%                                 24% 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 (822,345)                       (949,539) 
Impact of temporary differences                                                                                                                                                                                   62,887                             42,327 
Losses recognised                                                                                                                                                                                                              (37,662)                          (41,913) 
Impact of tax rate in foreign jurisdiction                                                                                                                                                                     27,942                             38,960 
Losses not utilised                                                                                                                                                                                                             794,403                          910,579 

Total tax expenses                                                                                                                                                                                                             (25,225)                                 414 

Tax losses carried forward have been recognised as a deferred tax asset up to the point that they are recoverable against taxable temporary 
differences. All other tax losses are carried forward and not recognised as a deferred tax asset due to the uncertainty regarding generating future 
taxable profits. Tax losses carried forward are €24,040,737 (€20,467,507 in 2018). 

13. Intangible assets 
                                                                                                                                  Development 
                                                                                                                                                      cost                         Patents                      Goodwill                           Others                          Brands                              Total 
Cost                                                                                                                                                €                                      €                                      €                                      €                                      €                                      € 

Balance at 31/12/2016                                                                 2,426,042                  197,250                    22,268                    29,408                               –              2,674,968 
Additions                                                                                                   82,064                    47,394                               –                       2,393                               –                  132,450 

Balance at 31/12/2017                                                                 2,508,106                  244,643                    22,268                    32,401                               –              2,807,418 
Additions                                                                                                123,305                    77,269                               –                    12,500                               –                  213,074 

Balance at 31/12/2018                                                                 2,631,411                  321,912                    22,268                    44,901                               –              3,020,492  
Additions                                                                                                121,848                  116,021                               –                    14,600                               –                  252,469 
Acquired through acquisition                                                          11,765                               –                  281,284                  190,079                  384,124                  867,252 

 Balance at 31/12/2019                                                               2,765,023                 437,933                 303,552                 249,580                 384,124             4,140,213 

Amortisation 
Balance at 31/12/2016                                                                    882,901                    45,210                               –                    18,811                               –                  948,367  
Amortisation 2017                                                                              257,101                    24,464                               –                       5,177                               –                  286,742  

Balance at 31/12/2017                                                                 1,140,002                    69,674                               –                    23,988                               –              1,235,109  
Amortisation 2018                                                                              279,289                    32,191                               –                       6,424                               –                  317,905 

Balance at 31/12/2018                                                                 1,419,291                  101,865                               –                    30,412                               –              1,553,014 
Amortisation 2019                                                                              312,504                    43,483                               –                    22,357                       6,402                  384,746 

 Balance at 31/12/2019                                                               1,731,795                 145,348                               –                    52,769                      6,402             1,937,760 

Carrying amounts 
Balance 31/12/2017                                                                       1,368,104                  174,969                    22,268                       6,969                               –              1,572,309  

Balance 31/12/2018                                                                       1,212,120                  220,046                    22,268                    14,489                               –              1,467,478 

 Balance 31/12/2019                                                                    1,033,228                 292,584                 303,552                 196,811                 377,722             2,202,452  

As disclosed in note 1(d) development costs capitalised in the year are mainly based on time spent by employees who are directly engaged in 
the development of the G+® technology.  

Management has assessed the goodwill for impairment as at 31 December 2019. Given the short period between the valuation of acquisition 
and the year-end, no impairment has been noted.

®

56 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

14. Property, plant and equipment 

                                                                                                    Industrial             Computer                       Office                    Plant &                                                          Asset                     Under 
                                                                                                 equipment           equipment           equipment            machinery                        Land           right of use        construction                        Total 
Cost                                                                                                          €                                €                                €                                €                                €                                €                                €                                € 

Balance at 31/12/2016                                    138,660               33,646               84,171         1,880,994                          –                          –                          –         2,137,471 
Additions                                                                  21,909                  2,218               19,549             304,591                          –                          –                          –             348,267 

Balance at 31/12/2017                                    160,570               35,864             103,720         2,185,585                          –                          –                          –         2,485,739 
Additions                                                                  11,822                  9,573                  3,600             110,041                          –                          –                          –             135,036 

Balance at 31/12/2018                                    172,392               45,437             107,320         2,295,626                          –                          –                          –         2,620,775 
Additions                                                                  32,052               11,117               55,131             123,843                          –             456,819                          –             678,962 
Acquired from acquisition                          1,031,249                          –               17,018         1,782,559             608,395                          –                  2,445         3,441,666 

 Balance at 31/12/2019                              1,235,693               56,554            179,469        4,202,028            608,395            456,819                 2,445        6,741,402 

Depreciation 
Balance at 31/12/2016                                      53,353               21,138               19,018             760,778                          –                          –                          –             854,287 
Depreciation 2017                                                 25,615                  4,324               14,092             303,008                          –                          –                          –             347,039 

Balance at 31/12/2017                                      78,968               25,462               33,110         1,063,786                          –                          –                          –         1,201,326 
Depreciation 2018                                                 26,661                  4,857               15,145             310,351                          –                          –                          –             357,014 

Balance at 31/12/2018                                    105,629               30,319               48,255         1,374,137                          –                          –                          –         1,558,340 
Depreciation 2019                                                 89,702                  5,794               19,332             263,345                          –               76,136                          –             452,309 

 Balance at 31/12/2019                                  193,331               36,113               67,587        1,637,482                          –               76,136                          –        2,010,649 

Carrying amounts 
Balance 31/12/2017                                            81,601               10,402               70,610         1,121,799                          –                          –                          –         1,284,412 

Balance 31/12/2018                                            66,763               15,118               59,065             921,489                          –                          –                          –         1,062,435 

 Balance 31/12/2019                                    1,042,362               20,440            111,882        2,564,546            608,395            380,683                 2,445        4,730,753 

Asset held under financial leases with a net book value of €533,957 are included in the above table within Plant & Machinery. 

15. Investments in subsidiaries 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries as at 31 December 2018 are as follows: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Shareholding 

Subsidiaries                                                            Country                              Principal activity                                                                                                                                       2019                                         2018 

Directa Plus S.p.A.                                  Italy                              Producer and supplier of graphene based 
                                                                                                              materials and related products                                                                         100%                               100% 

Directa Textile Solutions S.r.l.           Italy                              Commercialise textile membranes, 
                                                                                                              including graphene-based technical and 
                                                                                                              high-performance membranes                                                                            60%                                 60% 

Setcar S.A.                                                 Romania                    Waste management and decontamination  
                                                                                                              services business                                                                                                        51% 

Subsidiaries                                                                        Place of Business                             Registered Office                                                                                           Place of Business 

Directa Plus S.p.A.                                            Italy                                              Via Cavour 2, Lomazzo (CO) Italy                                      See registered office 

Directa Textile Solutions S.r.l.                     Italy                                              Via Cavour 2, Lomazzo (CO) Italy                                      See registered office 

Setcar S.A.                                                           Romania                                    Str. Gradinii Publice 6, Braila Romania                           See registered office

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Strategic Report 
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Financial statements 
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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

57 

15. Investments in subsidiaries continued 
The Company’s investment as capital contributions in Directa Plus Spa are as follows: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Directa Spa 

At 31 December 2017                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           14,180,336 
Additions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2,000,000 

At 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           16,180,336 
Additions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       5,000,000 

 At 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         21,180,336 

16. Trade and other receivables 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group                                                                                     Company 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       2019                                         2018                                         2019                                         2018 
Current                                                                                                                                                                                          €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Account receivables                                                                                                                 2,169,307                       1,367,425                                        –                                        – 
Tax receivables                                                                                                                               460,521                          374,673                            44,117                             31,634 
Other receivables                                                                                                                          313,458                          317,119                          159,287                          129,960 

Total                                                                                                                                                2,943,286                       2,059,217                          203,404                          158,594 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group                                                                                     Company 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       2019                                         2018                                         2019                                         2018 
Non-current                                                                                                                                                                              €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Other receivables                                                                                                                          109,698                                        –                                        –                                        – 

Total                                                                                                                                                   109,698                                        –                                        –                                        – 

Group account receivables of €2,169,308 are mainly composed by three major clients, which cover 77% of the total amount. 

Group Tax Receivables are composed of Italian VAT receivables of €177,952, UK VAT receivables of €44,117, Setcar VAT receivables of €137,746 
and a RDEC Tax Credit receivable of €100,706.  

Other receivables are mainly composed of governments grants €182,715 and prepayments €126,704. 

Non-current other receivables of €109,698 refer to specific projects where the collection of a certain amount, although due, is postponed to the 
end of the project itself.  

As at 31 December 2019 the ageing of account receivables was: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
Days overdue                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                €                                                € 

0-60                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1,929,268                       1,306,070 
61-180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     154,397                             54,418 
181-365 +                                                                                                                                                                                                                               124,492                             26,569 

Allowance of impairment                                                                                                                                                                                                (38,849)                          (19,631) 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2,169,308                       1,367,425 

In 2019, 89% of account receivables have an ageing less of 60 days and refers to an order delivered close to the year end. 

As at 31 December 2019 the Group recognised provision for €19,218.

®

58 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

17. Deferred tax liabilities 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Deferred tax liabilities                                                                                                                                                                                                      294,191                          195,504 
Deferred tax assets – losses                                                                                                                                                                                         (159,132)                       (195,504) 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         135,059                                        – 

Deferred tax assets have been recognised on losses brought forward to the extent that they can be offset against taxable temporary differences 
in line with the requirements of IAS 12. 

The deferred tax liabilities arise from the capitalisation of development costs, defined benefit scheme and from the acquisition of Setcar. 
The deferred tax liabilities are detailed below: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Deferred tax liabilities – Cost Capitalised                                                                                                                                                                156,695                          191,885 
Deferred tax liabilities – Other                                                                                                                                                                                           2,437                               3,619 
Deferred tax liabilities arising from acquisition                                                                                                                                                    135,059                                        – 
Deferred tax assets – losses exc. Setcar                                                                                                                                                                  (159,132)                       (195,504) 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         135,059                                        – 

18. Cash and cash equivalents 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group                                                                                     Company 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       2019                                         2018                                         2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                               €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Cash at bank                                                                                                                             10,890,718                       5,503,568                      7,669,360                       3,968,016 
Cash in hand                                                                                                                                     15,358                                   316                                        –                                        – 

Total                                                                                                                                             10,906,076                       5,503,884                      7,669,360                       3,968,016 

19. Equity 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Share Capital                                                                                                                                                                                                                       190,512                          154,465 
Share Premium                                                                                                                                                                                                            31,395,612                    22,104,240 
Foreign currency translation reserve                                                                                                                                                                             4,147                                        – 
Retained earnings                                                                                                                                                                                                      (17,656,325)                 (14,044,656) 
Non-controlling interests                                                                                                                                                                                           1,240,194                             27,361 

Balance at 31 December                                                                                                                                                                                         15,174,140                       8,241,410

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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

59 

19. Equity continued 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Number of                                       Share 
Share capital                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ordinary shares                                capital (€) 

At 31 December 2017                                                                                                                                                                                                44,212,827                          142,628 
Share issue on 17 December 2018 – capital raise *                                                                                                                                          4,256,000                             11,837 

At 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                                                48,468,827                          154,465 
Share issue on 09 January 2019 – capital raise **                                                                                                                                            2,647,609                               7,350 
Share issue on 21 October 2019 – capital raise ***                                                                                                                                          9,882,547                             28,697 

 At 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                                              60,998,983                          190,512 

* On 17 December 2018, 4,256,000 ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.0025 each were issued as effect of the Company’s capital raise. 

** On 09 January 2019, 2,647,609 ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.0025 each were issued as effect of the Company’s capital raise. 

*** On 21 October 2019, 9,882,547 ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.0025 each were issued as effect of the Company’s capital raise. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Share premium 
Share premium                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              € 

At 31 December 2017                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           19,973,996 

Shares issued on 18 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                                                                2,355,548 
Expenditure relating to the raising of shares                                                                                                                                                                                                   (225,304) 

At 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           22,104,240 

Shares issued on 18 January 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1,462,728 

Expenditure relating to the raising of shares                                                                                                                                                                                                   (140,939) 

Shares issued on 21 October 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                    8,580,393 

Expenditure relating to the raising of shares                                                                                                                                                                                                   (610,808) 

 At 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         31,395,612 

On 09 January 2019, 2,647,609 ordinary shares with a share premium value of £0.7475 each were issued as effect of the Company’s capital raise 
and the amount of €1,462,728 was credit to Share premium reserve. 

Expenditure of €140,939 referred to direct cost related to the raising of shares was deducted from the share premium. 

On 21 October 2019, 9,882,547 ordinary shares with a share premium value of £0.7475 each were issued as effect of the Company’s capital raise 
and the amount of €8,580,393 was credit to Share premium reserve. 

Expenditure of €610,808 referred to direct cost related to the raising of shares was deducted from the share premium. 

Share capital 
Financial instruments issued by the Directa Plus Group are treated as equity only to the extent that they do not meet the definition of a financial 
liability. The Directa Plus Group’s ordinary shares are classified as equity instruments. 

Share premium 
To the extent that the company’s ordinary shares are issued for a consideration greater than the nominal value of those shares (in the case of 
the company, £0.0025 per share), the excess is deemed Share Premium. Costs directly associated with the issuing of those shares are deducted 
from the share premium account, subject to local statutory guidelines. 

Foreign currency translation reserve 
Exchange differences resulting from the consolidation process of Setcar are recognised in the translation reserve for an amount of €4,147. 

Non-controlling interest 
Non-controlling interest refers to the minority shareholders of the company who own less than 50% of the overall share capital.  

®

As at 31 December 2019 it’s composed by 49% of Setcar S.A. and 40% of Directa Textile Solutions S.r.l..

60 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

20. Loans and borrowings 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group                                                                                     Company 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       2019                                         2018                                         2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                               €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Loans and borrowings                                                                                                                484,701                          168,701                                        –                                        – 

Total                                                                                                                                                   484,701                          168,701                                        –                                        – 

                                                                                                                                                    2019                                   Current                          Non current 
                                                                                                                                                            €                                                €                                                €                           Repayment                          Interest rate 

Bank of Transilvania                                                                          353,506                          353,506                                        –                   12-months                ROBOR 6M + 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       6.52%/year 

GVC Investment Company LMT                                                   124,537                                        –                                        –                   12-months                         6%/year 

Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities 
                                                                                                                                                                          Cash flows                                                                   Non cash flows 

                                                                                                           1 January                               Interest                                Capital                              Accrued                           Liabilities                  31 December  
                                                                                                                      2019                                     paid                        repayment                               interest                            acquired                                    2019 
                                                                                                                              €                                            €                                            €                                            €                                            €                                            € 

Borrowings                                                                   168,701                          (1,167)                    (162,043)                          1,167                       478,043                      484,701 

Total                                                                                168,701                          (1,167)                    (162,043)                          1,167                       478,043                      484,701 

21. Leases liabilities 

The following table details the movement in the Group’s lease obligations for the period ended 31 December 2019: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Non-current lease liabilities                                                                                                                                                                                          439,690                             57,011 
Current lease liabilities                                                                                                                                                                                                    184,900                             58,121 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         624,590                          115,133 

In the previous year, the Group only recognised lease assets and lease liabilities in relation to leases that were classified as ‘finance leases’ under 
IAS 17, ‘Leases’; according to the new adoption of IFRS 16 in FY2019 the group has also realised additional Right of use assets, liabilities and 
depreciation expenses. The assets are presented in property, plant and equipment in note 14.

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Financial statements 
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Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

61 

22. Employee benefits provision 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Employee benefits                                                                                                                                                                                                            416,095                          335,132 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         416,095                          335,132 

Provisions for benefits upon termination of employment primarily related to provisions accrued by Italian companies for employee retirement, 
determined using actuarial techniques and regulated by Article 2120 of the Italian Civil code. The benefit is paid upon retirement as a lump sum, 
the amount of which corresponds to the total of the provisions accrued during the employees’ service period based on payroll costs as revalued 
until retirement. Following the changes in the law regime, from January 1 2007 accruing benefits have been contributing to a pension fund or a 
treasury fund held by the Italian administration for post-retirement benefits (“INPS”). For companies with less than 50 employees it will be possible 
to continue this scheme as in previous years. Therefore, contributions of future TFR provisions to pension funds or the INPS treasury fund 
determines that these amounts will be treated in accordance to a defined contribution scheme, not subject to actuarial evaluation. Amounts 
already accrued before 1 January 2007 continue to be accounted for a defined benefit plan and to be assessed on actuarial assumptions. 

The breakdown for 2018 and 2019 is as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         € 

Amount at 31 December 2017                                                                                                                                                                                                                               282,031 

Service cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        52,059 
Interest cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          7,145 
Actuarial gain/losses                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       (1,219) 
Past service cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          – 
Benefit paid                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         (4,883) 

Amount at 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                                                                               335,132 

Service cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        65,788 
Interest cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          8,819 
Actuarial gain/losses                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      12,802 
Past service cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          – 
Benefit paid                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      (16,007) 

 Amount at 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                             406,534 

Variables analysis 
Detailed below are the key variables applied in the valuation of the defined benefit plan liabilities. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 

Annual rate interest                                                                                                                                                                                                              2.30%                              2.30% 

Annual rate inflation                                                                                                                                                                                                            1.10%                              1.10% 

Annual increase TFR                                                                                                                                                                                                            7.41%                              7.41% 

Tax on revaluation                                                                                                                                                                                                              17.00%                           17.00% 

Social contribution                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.50%                              0.50% 

Increase salary male                                                                                                                                                                                                            1.20%                              1.20% 

Increase salary female                                                                                                                                                                                                        1.15%                              1.15% 

Rate of turnover male                                                                                                                                                                                                          1.70%                              1.70% 

Rate of turnover female                                                                                                                                                                                                      1.50%                              1.50%

®

62 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

22. Employee benefits provision continued 
Sensitivity analysis 
Detailed below are tables showing the impact of movements on key variables: 

Actuarial hypothesis – 2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Decrease 10%                                                                          Increase 10% 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Variation                                                                                   Variation 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Rate                                      DBO €                                          Rate                                      DBO € 

Increase salary                                                                                           Male                              1.08%                              (3,079)                            1.32%                               3,119 
                                                                                                                     Female                              1.04%                              1.27% 

Turnover                                                                                                        Male                              1.53%                              (2,724)                            1.87%                               2,619 
                                                                                                                     Female                              1.35%                              1.65% 

Interest rate                                                                                                                                         2.07%                             11,201                              2.53%                           (10,631) 
Inflation rate                                                                                                                                        0.99%                              (3,203)                            1.21%                               3,219 

23. Trade and other payables 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group                                                                                     Company 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       2019                                         2018                                         2019                                         2018 
Non-current                                                                                                                                                                              €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Other payables                                                                                                                                 66,629                                        –                                        –                                        – 
Contingent consideration at fair value through P&L                                                     130,061                                        –                                        –                                        – 

Total                                                                                                                                                   196,690                                        –                                        –                                        – 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group                                                                                     Company 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       2019                                         2018                                         2019                                         2018 
Current                                                                                                                                                                                          €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Trade payables                                                                                                                           1,055,856                       1,459,732                               1,702                             15,397 
Employment costs                                                                                                                       419,331                          482,357                                        –                                        – 
Other payables                                                                                                                           2,831,436                          152,833                            81,997                             87,988 
Contingent consideration at fair value through P&L                                                     650,303                                        –                                        –                                        – 

Total                                                                                                                                                4,956,926                       2,094,922                            83,699                          103,385 

Other payables mainly refer to the remaining portion of debt due to Setcar’s previous shareholders.

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

63 

24. Financial instruments 

Financial risk management 
The Group’s business activities expose the Group to a number of financial risks: 

a)  Market risk 
Market risk arises from the Group’s use of interest bearing, tradable and foreign currency financial instruments. It is the risk that the fair value of 
future cash flow of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in interest rates or foreign exchange rates. As at 31 December 2019 the 
Group is only exposed to variable interest rate risk for a short term revolving loan. If the interest rate had increased or decreased by 100 basis points 
during the year the reported loss after taxation would not have been materially different to that reported. 

b)  Capital risk 
The Group’s objectives for managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as going concern, so that it can continue to provide 
returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to provide an adequate return to shareholders by pricing products and services 
commensurately with the level of risk. There were no changes in the Group’s approach to capital management during the year. 

c)  Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. 
The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables.  

The Group’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are held with major financial institutions. The Group monitors credit risk by reviewing 
the credit quality of the financial institutions that hold the cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash.  

The Group’s trade receivables consist of receivables for revenue mainly in Italy and Romania. Management believes that the Group’s exposure to 
credit risk is manageable and currently the Group’s standard payment terms are 30 to 60 days from date of invoice are largely met from the clients. 
At the end of the period, 89% of account receivables have an ageing less of 60 days and refers to orders delivered close to the year-end. As at 
31 December 2019 the Group recognised a bad debt provision for €19,218. 

Every new customer is internally analysed for creditworthiness before the Group’s standard payment and delivery terms and conditions are 
offered. Advance payment usually applies for the first order and the exposure to credit risk is approved and monitored on an ongoing basis 
individually for all significant customers. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of each financial asset in 
the statement of financial position. The Group does not require collateral in respect of financial assets.  

d)  Exposure to credit risk 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
Group                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Note                                                €                                                € 

Trade receivables                                                                                                                                                                                 16                      2,169,308                       1,367,425 
Cash and cash equivalent                                                                                                                                                                18                   10,906,076                       5,503,884 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  13,075,384                       6,871,309 

The largest customer within trade receivables account for 18.6% of debtors. Management continually monitor this dependence on the largest 
customers and are continuing to develop the commercial pipeline to reduce this dependence, spreading revenues across a variety of customers.

®

64 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

24. Financial instruments continued 
e)  Liquidity risk 
It is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due. Liquidity risk arises from the Group’s 
management of working capital and the finance charges and principal repayments on its debt instruments. The Group manages liquidity risk by 
maintaining adequate reserves and banking facilities and by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows. The Board reviews regularly 
the cash position to ensure there are sufficient resources for working capital requirements and to meet the Group’s financial commitments. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Carrying amount                         Up to 1 year                                1-5 years 
2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      €                                                €                                                € 

Financial liabilities 
Trade payables                                                                                                                                                                     1,055,856                      1,055,856                                        – 
Lease liabilities                                                                                                                                                                         649,287                          193,598                          455,689 
Loans and bank overdrafts                                                                                                                                                 484,701                          484,701                                        – 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                          2,189,844                      1,734,155                          455,689 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Carrying amount                          Up to 1 year                                1-5 years 
2018                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      €                                                €                                                € 

Financial liabilities 
Trade payables                                                                                                                                                                      1,459,732                       1,459,732                                        – 
Debts for financial leasing                                                                                                                                                    118,325                             61,735                             56,590 
Loans                                                                                                                                                                                             168,701                          168,701 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                           1,746,758                       1,690,168                             56,590 

f)  Currency risk 
The Group usually raises money issuing shares in pounds, it follows that the Group usually holds Sterling bank accounts as result of capital raise. 
Sterling bank accounts are mainly used to manage expenses of the Company (such as UK advisors, LSE fees and costs related to the Board) in the 
UK. The cash held in Sterling continues to be subject to currency risk. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  EUR 

Cash held in GBP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       4,483,520 

As at 31 December 2019 if the exchange rate EUR/GBP increase by 10% the impact on P&L would be a loss equal to €0.41 million (if decrease by 
10% would be a profit equal to €0.50 million). 

The Group holds accounts also in other currency (such as USD and RON) but just for business purposes and for not material amount.

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

65 

25. Earnings per share 

                                                                                                                                                                                             Change in                                                                                                                                     Weighted  
                                                                                                                                                                                            number of                       Total number                                                                                number of  
                                                                                                                                                                                 ordinary shares             of ordinary shares                                         Days                  ordinary shares 

At 01 January 2015                                                                                                                                    –                          503,100                                        –                    20,124,000 

Existing shares                                                                                                                                              –                          503,100                                   140                       7,697,705 
Share sub-division on 19 May 2016                                                                                 19,620,900                    20,124,000                                        8                          439,869 
Issued on 27 May 2016                                                                                                          24,088,827                    44,212,827                                   218                    26,334,416 
At 31 December 2016                                                                                                           43,709,727                    44,212,827                                   366                    34,471,990 

At 31 December 2017                                                                                                                               –                    44,212,827                                   365                    44,212,827 
Existing shares                                                                                                                                              –                    44,212,827                                   351                    42,516,993 
Issued on 18 December 2018                                                                                               4,256,000                    48,468,827                                     14                       1,859,078 

At 31 December 2018                                                                                                              4,256,000                    48,468,827                                   365                    44,376,071 

Existing shares                                                                                                                                              –                    48,468,827                                        9                       1,195,122 
Issued on 9 January 2019                                                                                                      2,647,609                    51,116,436                                   285                    39,912,834 
Issued on 21 October 2019                                                                                                    9,882,547                    60,998,983                                     71                    11,865,556 

 At 31 December 2019                                                                                                         12,530,156                   60,998,983                                   365                   52,973,511 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Basic                                                                                         Diluted 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       2019                                         2018                                         2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                               €                                                €                                                €                                                € 

Loss attributable to owners of the Parent                                                                    (3,585,215)                    (3,961,259)                   (3,401,214)                    (3,956,828) 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
  in issue during the year                                                                                                     52,973,511                    44,376,071                   53,054,737                    44,376,071 
Fully diluted average number of ordinary shares 
  during the year                                                                                                                      52,973,511                    44,376,071                   53,054,737                    44,376,071 

Loss per share                                                                                                                                     (0.07)                               (0.09)                              (0.07)                               (0.09) 

The effect of anti-dilutive potential ordinary shares are ignored in calculating the diluted loss per share.

®

66 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

26. Share Schemes 

The Company established the Employees’ Share Scheme for employees and Executive Directors and the NED Share Scheme for the Chairman and 
Non-Executive Directors on 19 May 2016. The Employees’ Share Scheme is administered by the Remuneration Committee. The NED Share Scheme 
is administered by the Executive Directors. 

The Directors are entitled to grant awards over up to 10 per cent of the Company’s issued share capital from time to time. Awards over a total of 
1,675,609 Ordinary Shares were granted on or around the date of Admission (27 May 2016). No awards have yet been exercised, leaving a total of 
1,639,877 outstanding as at the year end, as cancellation occurred for those employees who left the Group in 2018. The main terms of the Share 
Schemes are set out below: 

Eligibility 
All persons who at the date on which an award is granted under the Employees’ Share Scheme are employees (or employees who are also office-
holders) of a member of the Group and are eligible to participate. The Board may also grant market value share options to Non-Executive Directors 
under the NED Share Scheme. The Remuneration Committee decides to whom awards are granted under the Employees’ Share Scheme, the 
number of Ordinary Shares subject to an award, the exercise date(s) (subject to the below) and the performance conditions (if any) which must 
be achieved in order for the award to be exercisable. 

Types of award 
Awards granted under the Employees’ Share Scheme can take the form of performance shares and/or market value share options. “Performance 
shares” are share options with an exercise price equal to the nominal value of a share, while “Market value share options” are share options with an 
exercise price equal to the market value of a share at the date of grant. The right to exercise the award is generally dependent upon the participant 
remaining an officer or employee throughout the performance period and, except in the case of market value share options granted to the 
Chairman or Non-Executive Directors, the satisfaction of performance conditions. This is subject to the good leaver provisions described below. 
Awards granted under the Share Schemes will not be pensionable. 

Individual limits 
The value of Ordinary Shares over which an employee or executive Director may be granted awards under the Employees’ Share Scheme in any 
financial year of the Company shall not exceed 200 per cent of his basic rate of salary at the date of grant. The value of Ordinary Shares over which 
a Non-Executive Director may be granted market value share options under the NED Share Scheme in any financial year of the Company shall not 
exceed 150 per cent of his annual rate of fees. 

Performance targets 
The Remuneration Committee will impose objective targets which will determine the extent to which awards will vest. Targets for awards to be 
granted to Executive Directors and senior employees on or prior to Admission are based on growth in EBITDA, share price and production capacity 
targets in line with the Company’s forecasts prior to Admission. 

The Remuneration Committee may modify or amend the performance targets if changes to the Company or its business mean that the targets are 
no longer relevant or appropriate. However, any new or amended conditions will not be materially any more or less challenging than the original 
conditions were expected to be at the time they were imposed. The vesting of market value share options granted to Non-Executive Directors will 
not be subject to performance conditions. 

Variation of share capital 
Awards granted under the Share Schemes may be adjusted to reflect variations in the Company’s share capital.

Overview 
Strategic Report 
Governance 
Financial statements 
Additional information 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

67 

26. Share Schemes continued 
Vesting of awards 
Awards will vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant to the extent that the performance targets have been met. Vested awards may 
generally be exercised between the third and tenth anniversaries from the date of grant. 

The inputs to the Black-Scholes model were as follows: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              31 Dec 2019                         31 Dec 2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Market value                       Performance  
Black Scholes Model                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     shares                                     shares 

Share price                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     69p                                        – 
Exercise price                                                                                                                                                                                                                                75p                                        – 
Expected volatility                                                                                                                                                                                                                     36%                                        – 
Compounded Risk-Free Interest Rate                                                                                                                                                                          4.25%                                        – 
Expected life                                                                                                                                                                                                                           3 years                                        – 
Number of options issued*                                                                                                                                                                                              60,000                                        – 

*Number of options issued is an input of the Black-Scholes model and refers to the total outstanding options granted by the Company. This is not representing any option 
issued in the period. 

Details of the number of share options outstanding are as follows: 

                                                                                                       Granted              Cancelled                   Expired                     Vested         Outstanding           Exercisable  
                                                      Outstanding at             during the             during the             during the                     during                at end of                     period                                              Exercisable  
                                                        start of period                     period                     period                     period                     period                     period         option price            Grant date                         date 

31 December 2017           1,675,610               60,000                          –                          –                          –         1,735,610 

                                                                    –                          –              (95,733)                         –                          –              (95,733) 

31 December 2018           1,735,610                          –              (95,733)                         –                          –         1,639,877 

                                                                    –                          –              (25,523)          (733,066)          (821,288)                         – 

 31 December 2019         1,639,877                          –             (25,523)         (733,066)         (821,288)             60,000                     75p  12 May 2017  12 May 2020 

Cancellation of share options during the period relates to the resignation employees. Share options expired over the period refers to those 
performance share option that did not meet the performance criteria on the third anniversary of the granting. Vested share options are Market 
share options and Performance share options that met the criteria on the third anniversary. No vested options were exercised in the period.

®

68 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
continued

27. Related parties 

The below figures represent remuneration of key management personnel for the Group, who are part of the Executive Management Team but 
not part of the Board of Directa Plus Plc. The remuneration is set out below in aggregate for each of the categories specified in IAS 24 ‘Related 
Party Disclosures’. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Short-term employee benefits and fees                                                                                                                                                                  251,353                          235,646 
Social security costs                                                                                                                                                                                                            69,037                             64,819 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   320,390                          300,465 

For Directors remuneration please see Director’s Remuneration Report. 

28. Contingent liabilities and commitments 

The group has the following contingent liabilities relating to bank guarantees on operating lease arrangements and government grants. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2019                                         2018 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     €                                                € 

Bank guarantees                                                                                                                                                                                                                114,440                          105,640 

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         114,440                          105,640 

29. Post balance sheet events 

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant, immediate impact on the global economies and on the operations. It is considered a non-adjusting 
post balance sheet event as the WHO called the Pandemic on 11 March 2020. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has not, to date, had a significant adverse impact on the Group’s operations but the Directors are aware that if the current 
situation becomes prolonged then this may change. Management believes that the Group has the systems and protocols in place to address these 
challenges. At the date of approval of these financial statements it is not clear how long the current circumstances are likely to last and what the 
long-term impact will be.

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Directa Plus  
Annual Report & Accounts 2019 

Directa Plus in 2019

Discover how we are using graphene to help customers’  
revolutionize the performance of their products. 

Directa Plus is one of the largest producers and suppliers 
worldwide of graphene nanoplatelets-based products for use 
in consumer and industrial markets. 

Our graphene nanoplatelets-based products are natural, chemical-free and 
sustainably produced. Our production process is designed to meet large 
supply chains' requirements for volume, cost and quality control. 

By incorporating Directa Plus’s unique graphene blends, identified by  
the G+ brand, our customers can revolutionize the performances  
of their own end products in commercial applications such as 
textiles, tyres, composite materials and environmental 
solutions. We partner with our customers to enable 
them to offer the high-performance benefits of  
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Our company has a unique and patented 
technology process and a scalable and portable 
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nanoplatelets-based products at our own 
factory near Milan, Italy, and can set up 
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reduce transport costs, waste and time-to-
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environmental sustainability and abided by a strong 
Code of Ethics in all aspects of our business practice.

Contents

01 Highlights 
02 Target market progress 
03 At a glance   
04 Chairman’s statement  
06 Our strategy and business model 
08 Chief Executive Officer’s review  
14 Market review  
16 Chief Financial Officer’s review  
18 Directors’ biographies 
20 Section 172 
21 Directors’ report  
24 Corporate governance report 

28 Directors’ remuneration report  
30 Audit Committee report  
31 Remuneration Committee report  
32 Independent auditor’s report 
36 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income  
37 Consolidated and company statement of financial position 
38 Consolidated statement of changes in equity  
38 Company statement of changes in equity  
39 Consolidated and company statement of cash flows  
40 Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
IBC Directors, secretary and advisers  

Directors, secretary and advisers

Directors 
Sir Peter Middleton – Non-Executive Chairman 

Giulio Cesareo – CEO and Founder 

Marco Ferrari – Chief Financial Officer 

David Gann – Non-Executive Director 

Neil Warner – Non-Executive Director 

Richard Hickinbotham – Non-Executive Director  

Company Secretary 
Marco Ferrari 

Registration number 
04679109 

Registered office 
3rd Floor 
11-12 St James’s Square 
London SW1Y 4LB 
United Kingdom 

Principal place of business 
Directa Plus Plc 
ComoNExT Science Park 
Via Cavour 2 
22074 Lomazzo (Co)  
Italy 

Nominated adviser and broker 
Cantor Fitzgerald Europe 
5 Churchill Place 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 5HU 
United Kingdom

Joint broker 
N+1 Singer 
1 Bartholomew Lane 
London EC2N 2AX 
United Kingdom 

Auditors  
BDO LLP 
55 Baker Street 
London W1U 7EU 
United Kingdom 

Legal advisers 
Fox Williams LLP 
10 Finsbury Square 
London EC2A 1AF 
United Kingdom 

Registrar 
Link Market Services Limited 
The Registry 
34 Beckenham Road 
Beckenham 
Kent BR3 4TU 
United Kingdom 

Financial PR adviser 
Tavistock  
1 Cornhill 
London EC3V 3NR 
United Kingdom 

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Printed sustainably in the UK  
by Pureprint, a CarbonNeutral® 
company with FSC® chain  
of custody and an ISO 14001-
certified environmental 
management system recycling 
over 99% of all dry waste.

 
 
 
Directa Plus Plc 
3rd Floor 
11-12 St. James’s Square 
London 
SW1Y 4LB 
United Kingdom 

www.directa-plus.com

Graphene is the 
material of  the future 

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Annual Report & Accounts 2019