ENGlobal
Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to __________ Commission File No. 001-14217 ENGlobal Corporation (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Nevada (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 88-0322261 (I.R.S Employer Identification No.) 11740 Katy Fwy – Energy Tower III, 11th floor Houston, TX (Address of principal executive offices) 77079 (Zip code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (281) 878-1000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $0.001 par value Trading Symbol ENG Name of each exchange on which registered NASDAQ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act: Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act: Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shortened period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.: Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☐ ☒ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☐ ☒ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2023 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was $10,144,231 (based upon the closing price for shares of common stock as reported by the NASDAQ on June 30, 2023). The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s $0.001 par value common stock on March 29, 2024 is as follows: 5,156,583 shares. Documents incorporated by reference: Responses to Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Report are incorporated herein by reference to information contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or an amendment to this Report to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report. BUSINESS ITEM 1. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS ITEM 1C CYBERSECURITY ITEM 2. ITEM 3. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES PROPERTIES LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ENGLOBAL CORPORATION 2023 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ITEM 8. ITEM 9. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY PART IV SIGNATURES Table of Contents SIGNATURES 2 PART I PAGE 4 10 18 19 19 19 20 21 F-1 27 27 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 35 36 CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”), including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as oral statements made by the Company and its officers, directors or employees, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs, current expectations, estimates and projections about the industries that the Company and its subsidiaries’ serve, the economy and the Company in general. The words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements; however, this Report also contains other forward-looking statements in addition to historical information. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to differ materially from historical results or from any results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The Company cautions readers that the following important factors and the risks described in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Report, among others, could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Report: (1) the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as of December 30, 2023; (2) our limited borrowing capacity under our credit agreement, which matures on June 15, 2024, may limit our ability to finance operations or engage in other business activities, which could have a material impact on our financial condition; (3) our ability to realize revenue projected in our backlog and our ability to collect accounts receivable and process accounts payable in a timely manner; (4) our ability to obtain additional financing when needed, including when our credit agreement matures on June 15, 2024; (5) failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations and the trading price of the Company’s common stock; (6) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and of the actions taken by governmental authorities, individuals and companies in response to the pandemic on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including on our revenues and profitability; (7) our ability to increase our backlog, revenue and profitability; (8) the effect of economic downturns and the volatility and level of oil and natural gas prices; (9) the uncertainties related to the U.S. Government’s budgetary process and their effects on our long-term U.S. Government contracts; (10) our ability to identify, evaluate, and complete any transactions in connection with our review of strategic transactions; (11) the impact of the announcement of our review of strategic transactions on our business, including our financial and operating results, or our employees, suppliers and customers; (12) our ability to accurately estimate the overall risks, revenue or costs on a contract; (13) the risk of providing services in excess of original project scope without having an approved change order; (14) our ability to execute our expansion into the modular solutions market and to execute our updated business growth strategy to position the Company as a leading provider of engineered modular solutions to its customer base; (15) our ability to attract and retain key professional personnel; (16) our debt obligations may limit our financial flexibility; (17) our dependence on one or a few customers; (18) the risks of internal system failures of our information technology systems, whether caused by us, third-party service providers, intruders or hackers, computer viruses, malicious code, cyber-attacks, phishing and other cyber security problems, natural disasters, power shortages or terrorist attacks; (19) the risk of unexpected liability claims or poor safety performance; (20) our ability to realize project awards or contracts on our pending proposals, and the timing, scope and amount of any related awards or contracts; (21) our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers; (22) our ability to identify, consummate and integrate potential acquisitions; (23) our reliance on third-party subcontractors and equipment manufacturers; (24) our ability to satisfy the continued listing standards of NASDAQ with respect to our common stock or to cure any continued listing standard deficiency with respect thereto; and (25) the effect of changes in laws and regulations, including U.S. tax laws, with which the Company must comply and the associated cost of compliance with such laws and regulations. Actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially from those projected in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors detailed from time to time in ENGlobal’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, reference is hereby made to cautionary statements set forth in the Company’s other SEC filings. The Company cautions that the foregoing list of important factors is not exclusive. We are under no duty and have no plans to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Report to conform such statements to actual results. Table of Contents ITEM 1. BUSINESS 3 ENGlobal Corporation (which may be referred to as “ENGlobal,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), incorporated in the State of Nevada in June 1994, is a leading provider of innovative, delivered project solutions primarily to the energy industry. We deliver these solutions to our clients by combining our vertically-integrated engineering and professional project execution services with our automation and systems integration expertise. We believe our vertically-integrated strategy allows us to differentiate our company from most of our competitors as a full-service provider, thereby reducing our clients’ dependency on and coordination of multiple vendors and improving control over their project cost and schedules. Our strategy and positioning has also allowed the Company to pursue larger scopes of work centered around many different types of modularized engineered systems. All of the information contained in this Report relates to the annual periods ended December 30, 2023, which contained 52 weeks, and December 31, 2022, which contained 53 weeks. We derive revenues primarily from three sources: (i) business development efforts, (ii) preferred provider or alliance agreements with strategic end-user clients, original equipment manufacturers, and technology partners, and (iii) referrals from existing customers and industry members. Our business development professionals are focused on all sectors in the energy industry. We generally enter into two principal types of contracts with our clients: time-and-material contracts and fixed-price contracts. Our clients typically determine the type of contract to be utilized for a particular engagement, with the specific terms and conditions of a contract being negotiated and typically contained in a multiyear services agreement. Our business development and technical professionals focus on building long-term relationships with clients in order to provide solutions throughout the life cycle of their projects and facilities. Products and services are also promoted through on-line internet communication via our corporate home page at www.englobal.com. The ENGlobal website illustrates our company’s full range of services and capabilities. Through the ENGlobal website, we seek to provide visitors and investors with a single point of contact for obtaining information about our company. Information on our website or any other website is not a part of this Report. Client relationships are nurtured by our geographic advantage of having office locations near our larger customers. By having clients in close proximity, we are able to provide single, dedicated points of contact. Our growth depends in large measure on our ability to attract and retain qualified business development and technical personnel with a respected reputation in the energy industry. Management believes that in-house marketing allows for more accountability and control, thus increasing profitability. We develop preferred provider and alliance agreements with clients in order to facilitate repeat business. These preferred provider agreements, also known as master services or umbrella agreements (“MSAs”) typically have a duration of three to five years. This allows our clients to release work to us without having to negotiate contract terms for each individual project. With the primary terms of the contract agreed to, add-on projects with these customers are easier to negotiate and can be accepted quickly, without the necessity of a bidding process. Management believes that these agreements can serve to stabilize project-centered operations. We have a long history of delivering project solutions and can provide complete project execution and have focused our business development teams on communicating these offerings to our clients which include (i) Engineering, (ii) Automation, and (iii) Government Services. Our Engineering group focuses on providing engineering, procurement and construction management services as well as fabricated products to downstream refineries, petrochemical, and renewable energy facilities as well as midstream pipeline, storage and other transportation related companies. These services are often applied to small capital improvement and maintenance projects within refineries and petrochemical facilities. For our transportation clients, we work on facilities that include pumping, compression, gas processing, metering, storage terminals, product loading and blending systems. Table of Contents 4 Our Automation group designs, integrates and commissions modular systems that include electronic distributed control, on-line process analytical data, continuous emission monitoring, and electric power distribution. Often these packaged systems are housed in a fabricated metal enclosure, modular building or freestanding metal rack, which are commonly included in our scope of work. We provide automation engineering, procurement, fabrication, systems integration, programing and on-site commissioning services to our clients for both new and existing facilities. The Government Services group provides services related to the design, integration and implementation of process distributed control and analyzer systems, advanced automated data gathering systems, information technology and the maintenance of these systems primarily to the U.S. Government globally. The Government Services group operates through ENGlobal’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ENGlobal Government Services, Inc. (“EGS”). Other clients of this group include state and local government agencies. EGS also provides electrical and instrument installation, technical services, and ongoing maintenance, calibration and repair services. We have positioned ourselves as a full-service, vertically-integrated supplier in order to better accommodate the requests of our clients and capture opportunities of larger scope. A majority of these opportunities are expected to be in all sectors of the energy industry; however, some may be outside the energy sector. One result of our sales efforts is that our proposal pipeline continues to increase. Many of these proposals have very long lead times and have exceeded our expected award timing, which would imply that many of our customers will release awards when they are more confident that commodity prices have stabilized at a sufficient level or foreseeable time period. Backlog represents an estimate of gross revenues of all awarded contracts that have not been completed and will be recognized as revenue over the life of the project. Although backlog reflects business that we consider to be firm, cancellations or scope adjustments may occur. Further, most contracts with clients may be terminated by either party at will, in which case the client would only be obligated to pay us for services provided through the termination date. A significant portion of our revenue is generated through MSAs with our clients. Projects awarded under these MSAs tend to be smaller in nature, but continuously awarded as each one is completed. In these instances, only the current unfinished projects are included in our backlog. Additionally, we have historically performed work under longer term contracts with the U.S. Navy that were generally renewed, released or awarded on an annual basis. Recently, the federal government has begun changing the contracting agency for this work. This has created some delays to the contracting sequence. At December 30, 2023, our backlog was $13.3 million. Of this amount, $8.3 million was for our Commercial segment and $5.0 million was for our Government segment. This compares to a total backlog of $20.4 million as of December 31, 2022 with $14.9 million for our Commercial segment and $5.5 million for our Government segment. We have made significant reductions in our overhead structure as part of the internal business reorganization that we started in the first quarter of 2023. These cost reductions were primarily in headcount across all segments to better align the number of administrative staff needed to support our current volume of work and re-organize our corporate structure. We continue to evaluate our headcount and will reduce it as necessary to better align our costs with the volume of the business. Our Board of Directors continues to review strategic transactions, which could include strategic acquisitions, mergers, reverse mergers, the issuance or buyback of public shares, or the purchase or sale of specific assets, in addition to other potential actions aimed at increasing shareholder value. The Company does not intend to disclose or comment on developments related to its review unless and until the Board has approved a specific transaction or otherwise determined that further disclosure is appropriate. There can be no assurance that the Board’s strategic review will result in any transaction, or any assurance as to its outcome or timing. Our recurring losses, negative cash flows from operating activities, need for additional financing and the uncertainties surrounding our ability to obtain such financing, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We have limited cash on hand and will need additional working capital to fund our planned operations. We are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional capital to fund our planned operations or failing to profitably operate the business. We intend to raise funds through various potential sources, such as equity or debt financings; however, we can provide no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate financing is not available or we do not achieve profitability and positive cash flows from operating activities, we may be required to significantly curtail or cease our operations, and our business would be jeopardized. Table of Contents Available Information 5 You can find financial and other information about ENGlobal at our website at www.englobal.com. Copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) are provided free of charge through our website and are available as soon as reasonably practicable after filing electronically or otherwise furnishing reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Information relating to corporate governance at ENGlobal, including: (i) our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for all of our employees, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer; (ii) our Code of Ethics for our Chief Executive Officer and our Senior Financial Officers; (iii) information concerning our directors and our Board of Directors Committees, including Committee charters; and (iv) information concerning transactions in ENGlobal securities by directors and executive officers, is available on our website under the Investors link. Information on our website or any other website is not a part of this Report. We will provide any of the foregoing information, for a reasonable fee, upon written request to Investor Relations, ENGlobal Corporation, 11740 Katy Fwy., Energy Tower III, Suite 1100, Houston, Texas 77079. Reporting Segments Our Commercial and Government segments are strategic business units that offer different services and products and therefore require different marketing and management strategies. Separate operational leaders are in charge of our engineering offices and our automation offices, including the office that contracts with government agencies. The operating performance of our segments is regularly reviewed with the operational leaders of the two segments, the chief executive officer (“CEO”), chief financial officer (“CFO”) and others. This group represents the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for ENGlobal. Our corporate and other expenses that do not individually meet the criteria for segment reporting are reported separately as Corporate expenses. Products and Services The Commercial segment provides multi-disciplined engineering services and fabrication relating to the development, management and execution of projects requiring professional engineering and related project management services primarily to the energy industry throughout the United States. The Commercial segment currently operates through ENGlobal’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ENGlobal U.S., Inc. (“ENGlobal U.S.”). ENGlobal’s engineering staff has the capability of developing a project from the initial planning stages through detailed design and construction management. Our services include conceptual studies, project definition, cost estimating, engineering design, environmental compliance, material procurement, project management, construction management and fabrication. The Commercial segment derives revenue on contracts from time-and-material fees charged for professional and technical services. Its operating income is derived primarily from services it provides to the oil and gas industry. We also enter into contracts providing for the execution of projects on a fixed-price basis, whereby some, or all, of the project activities related to engineering, material procurement, construction management, automation, integration, and fabrication are performed for a fixed amount. The Government segment provides services related to the design, integration and implementation of process distributed control and analyzer systems, advanced automated data gathering systems, information technology and the maintenance of these systems primarily to the U.S. Government globally. The Government segment operates through ENGlobal’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ENGlobal Government Services, Inc. (“EGS”). Other clients of this division include state and local government agencies. EGS provides electrical and instrument installation, technical services, and ongoing maintenance, calibration and repair services. Table of Contents Competition 6 Our Commercial segment competes with a large number of public and private firms of various sizes, ranging from the industry’s largest firms, which operate on a worldwide basis to much smaller regional and local firms. Many of our competitors are larger than we are and have significantly greater financial and other resources available to them than we do. However, the largest firms in our industry are sometimes our clients, performing as program managers for very large-scale projects who subcontract a portion of their work to us. We also have many competitors who are smaller than us and who, as a result, may be able to offer services at more competitive prices. Competition is centered on performance and the ability to provide the engineering, planning and project delivery skills required for completing projects in a timely, cost-efficient manner. The expertise of our management and technical personnel and the timeliness and quality of our support services are key competitive factors. Our Government segment competes with a large number of public and private firms of various sizes, ranging from the industry’s largest firms, which operate on a worldwide basis to much smaller regional and local firms. Many of our competitors are larger than we are and have significantly greater financial and other resources available to them than we do. We also have many competitors who are smaller than us and who, as a result, may be able to offer services at more competitive prices. Competition is centered on performance and the ability to provide the engineering, assembly and integration required to complete projects in a timely and cost-efficient manner. The technical expertise of our management team and technical personnel and the timeliness and quality of our support services are key competitive factors. Customers Our customer base consists primarily of Fortune 500 companies in the energy industry and the U.S. government. While we do not have continuing dependence on any single client or a limited group of clients, one or a few clients may contribute a substantial portion of our revenue in any given year or over a period of several consecutive years due to the longevity of major projects, such as facility upgrades or expansions. ENGlobal may work for many different subsidiaries or divisions of a client. The loss of a single large customer, including all of its subsidiaries or divisions, or the reduction in demand for our services by several customers in the same year could have a material impact on our financial results. We continue to focus substantial attention on improving customer services in order to enhance satisfaction and increase customer retention. Revenue generated through sources such as preferred provider relationships are longer term in nature and are not typically limited to one project. A significant long-term trend among our clients and their industry counterparts has been outsourcing engineering services. This trend has fostered the development of ongoing, longer-term client arrangements. These arrangements vary in scope, duration and degree of commitment. While there is typically no guarantee that work will result from these agreements, often the arrangements form the basis for a longer-term client relationship. Despite their variety, we believe that these partnering relationships have a stabilizing influence on our revenue. Overall, our ten largest customers, who vary from one period to the next, accounted for 70.5% of our total revenues for 2023 and 66.0% of our total revenues for 2022. Most of our projects are specific in nature and we generally have multiple projects with the same clients. If we were to lose one or more of our significant clients and were unable to replace them with other customers or other projects, our business could be materially adversely affected. Our top two clients in 2023 were a multi-national midstream refining and chemical company and the U.S. Government. Even though we frequently receive work from repeat clients, our client list may vary significantly from year to year. Our potential revenue in all segments is dependent on continuing relationships with our customers. For the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had approximately 65 and 59 active customers, respectively. Suppliers Our ability to provide clients with services and systems in a timely and competitive manner depends on the availability of products and parts from our suppliers at competitive prices and on reasonable terms. Our suppliers are not obligated to have products on hand for timely delivery nor can they guarantee product availability in sufficient quantities to meet our demands. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain necessary supplies at prices or on terms we find acceptable. However, in an effort to maximize availability and maintain quality control, we generally procure components from multiple distributors on our clients’ behalf and in some cases we can take advantage of national agreements our clients may have entered into. Table of Contents 7 For example, all of the product components used by our Government segment are assembled using components and materials that are available from numerous domestic manufacturers and suppliers. There are approximately five principal suppliers of distributed control systems, each of which can be replaced by an equally viable competitor, and our clients typically direct the selection of their preferred supplier. Thus, in the vast majority of cases, we anticipate little or no difficulty in obtaining components in sufficient quantities and in a timely manner to support our installation and assembly operations in the Government segment. Units produced through the Government segment are not produced for inventory and component parts; rather, they are typically purchased on an as-needed basis. By being vendor neutral, ENGlobal is able to provide quality technology and platforms for the design of plant systems such as 3D modeling, process simulation and other technical applications. Despite the foregoing, our Government segment relies on certain suppliers for necessary components and there can be no assurance that these components will continue to be available on acceptable terms. If a vendor does not continue to contract with us, it may be difficult to obtain alternative sources of supply without a material disruption in our ability to provide products and services to our customers. While we do not believe that such a disruption is likely, if it did occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, due to our working capital constraints we have had to extend payment terms to our suppliers beyond our standard terms, which in some cases has impacted our relationship with those suppliers. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to continue to purchase materials from our existing suppliers under standard payment terms, which could adversely affect our customer relationships, future work, profitability, and execution schedule. Patents, Trademarks, Licenses Our success depends in part upon our ability to protect our proprietary technology, which we do primarily through protection of our trade secrets and confidentiality agreements. In addition, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued our “Integrated Rack” patent No. 7,419,061 B1 in 2008, our “Universal Master Control Station System” patent No. 8,601,491 B1 in 2013, our “Modular HVAC System for Providing Positive Pressure to an Interior of a Positive Pressure Facility” patent No. 8,670,870 in 2014, our “Method of Controlling a Plurality of Master Control Stations” patent No. 8,959,447 B1 and our “Client Configuration Tool” patent No. 8,983,636 B1 in 2015. Our trade names are protected by registration as well as by common law trademark rights. Our trademark for the use of “ENGlobal” ® - “Engineered for Growth” ®, and “viMAC” ® in connection with our products are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and we claim common law trademark rights for “ENGlobal” TM in connection with our services. We also claim common law trademark rights for “Global Thinking… Global Solutions” TM, “CARES - Communicating Appropriate Responses in Emergency Situations” TM, “riFAT” TM, “ACE” TM, and “ENGlobal Power Islands” TM. There can be no assurance that the protective measures we currently employ will be adequate to prevent the unauthorized use or disclosure of our technology, or the independent, third-party development of the same or similar technology. Although our competitive position to some extent depends on our ability to protect our proprietary and trade secret information, we believe that other factors, such as the technical expertise and knowledge base of our management and technical personnel, as well as the timeliness and quality of the support services we provide, will also help us to maintain our competitive position. Table of Contents Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), Human Capital, and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) Workforce Composition 8 As of December 30, 2023, we employed approximately 134 individuals on a full-time equivalent basis compared to approximately 302 individuals on a full-time equivalent basis as of December 31, 2022. The 55.6% decrease in personnel in 2023 was attributable to our decision to stop self-performing construction, field services and fabrication work, and the related staff reductions. We believe that our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled and experienced professional and technical personnel has been and will continue to be critical to our ability to execute our business plan. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or is subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that relations with our employees are good. Diversity and Inclusion As a company focused on internal collaboration to achieve common goals and partnerships with a diverse group of stakeholders to optimize value, we believe a diverse workforce is critical to our success. As such, we endeavor to create an environment rich in diversity that welcomes those of all backgrounds, ethnicities, and experiences. We employ people from a diverse number of nationalities and ethnicities. Nearly 37% of our workforce is comprised of racial minority groups; approximately 16% of our workforce is female. ENGlobal is committed to balancing our hiring practices and workplaces. Our recruiting efforts, development opportunities and retention initiatives include a focus on promoting gender and ethnicity balance in the workplace. As a contractor for various governmental entities we provide certain assurances of our initiatives related to workplace diversity. We also are dedicated to the development and training of our workforce. Training begins with onboarding with job-specific instruction, integrating safety expectations, corporate ethics and behaviors that focus on workplace inclusion. Benefits We provide employee health and welfare benefits standard for the industry and location of employment. All employees and their families (upon meeting eligibility requirements) are eligible to participate in the Company’s health insurance plan as well as the Company’s defined contribution (401(k)) plan with a discretionary Company match. Health and Safety Safety is one of our core values. We endeavor to make certain our employees have access to preventive policies, procedures, programs, and training as we work toward an accident-free workplace. Our human capital initiatives are implemented by senior leadership with oversight from our Board of Directors. The Board’s Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees oversee our human capital-related policies, programs, and initiatives that focus on diversity and benefits including employee safety, health and wellness matters. Government Regulations ENGlobal and certain of its subsidiaries are subject to various foreign, federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to our business and operations, and various health and safety regulations established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). We are subject to a variety of state, local and foreign licensing, registration and other regulatory requirements governing the practice of engineering and other professional disciplines. For example, OSHA requires Process Safety Management to prevent the release of hazardous chemicals, the Department of Transportation (DOT) requires that pipeline operators are in full compliance with pipeline safety regulations, and the Environmental and Protection Agency (EPA) provides incentives to reduce chemical emissions. Currently, we are not aware of any situation or condition relating to the regulation of the Company, its subsidiaries, or personnel that we believe is likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Table of Contents Benefit Plans 9 ENGlobal sponsors a 401(k) retirement plan for its employees. The Company, at the direction of the Board of Directors, may make discretionary contributions. The Company reinstated the match of employees’ deferrals effective May 29, 2022. The Company matches 33% of employee deferrals up to 6% of eligible pre-tax compensation, for a maximum Company matching contribution of 2%. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Set forth below and elsewhere in this Report and in other documents that we file with the SEC are risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this Report. You should be aware that the occurrence of any of the events described in these risk factors and elsewhere in this Report could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and that upon the occurrence of any of these events, the trading price of our common stock could decline. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the issuance date of this Report. RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS, INDUSTRY AND STRATEGY Substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern exists. Our audited financial statements for the period ended December 30, 2023 were prepared on the assumption that we would continue as a going concern. Those financial statements and the accompanying opinion of our auditor expressed a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Those audited financial statements did not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our recurring losses, negative cash flows from operating activities, need for additional financing and the uncertainties surrounding our ability to obtain such financing, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We have limited cash on hand and will need additional working capital to fund our planned operations. We are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional capital to fund our planned operations or failing to profitably operate the business. We intend to raise funds through various potential sources, such as equity or debt financings; however, we can provide no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate financing is not available or we do not achieve profitability and positive cash flows from operating activities, we may be required to significantly curtail or cease our operations, and our business would be jeopardized. Our ability to continue as a going concern is also subject to, among other factors, our ability to collect receivables from our clients when due and to invoice our customers in a timely manner. Under the typical payment terms of our fixed-price contracts, the customer pays us progress payments. These progress payments are based on quantifiable measures of performance or on the achievement of specified events or milestones. If these events or milestones are delayed, it will negatively impact the timing of our cash receipts, which affects our ability to pay our employees and suppliers. If we are not able collect our receivables when due from our clients, our cash flow will be negatively impacted which could lead to us not being able to meet our current obligations. Our limited borrowing capacity under our Credit Agreement, which matures on June 15, 2024, may limit our ability to finance operations or engage in other business activities, which could have a material impact on our financial condition. As of March 2, 2024, we have outstanding borrowings of $1.2 million under the Credit Agreement, which matures on June 15, 2024. The terms of the Credit Agreement allow for an additional term loan of $50,000 at the lender’s discretion. The limited borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement may limit our ability to finance operations or engage in other business activities, which could have a material impact on our financial condition. If we are unable to collect our receivables, our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected. Our business depends on our ability to successfully obtain payment from our clients of the amounts they owe us for work performed and materials supplied. In the ordinary course of business, we extend unsecured credit to our customers. We may also agree to allow our customers to defer payment on projects until certain milestones have been met or until the projects are substantially completed, and customers typically withhold some portion of amounts due to us as retainage. We bear the risk that our clients will pay us late or not at all. Though we evaluate and attempt to monitor our clients’ financial condition, there is no guarantee that we will accurately assess their creditworthiness. To the extent the credit quality of our clients deteriorates or our clients seek bankruptcy protection, our ability to collect receivables and our results of operations could be adversely affected. Even if our clients are credit-worthy, they may delay payments in an effort to manage their cash flow. Financial difficulties or business failure experienced by one or more of our major customers has had and could, in the future, continue to have a material adverse effect on both our ability to collect receivables and our results of operations. Table of Contents 10 Our debt obligations may limit our financial flexibility. As of March 2, 2024, we had a total of approximately $1.2 million in debt outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which matures on June 15, 2024. We may incur additional debt in order to fund our operational activities. A higher level of indebtedness increases the risk that our financial flexibility may deteriorate. Our ability to meet our debt obligations and service our debt depends on future performance. General economic conditions, commodity prices, and financial, business and other factors may affect our operations and our future performance. Many of these factors are beyond our control and we may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the debt, and future working capital, borrowings and equity financing may not be available to pay or refinance such debt. Failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations and the trading price of the Company’s common stock. Effective internal controls are necessary for the Company to provide reliable financial reports, effectively prevent fraud and operate successfully as a public company. If the Company cannot provide reliable financial reporting or effectively prevent fraud, the Company’s reputation and operating results could be harmed. If the Company is unable to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reports, the Company may not be able to provide reliable financial reporting, which in turn could affect the Company’s operating results or cause the Company to fail to meet its reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in reported financial information, which could negatively affect the trading price of the Company’s common stock, limit the ability of the Company to access capital markets in the future, and require additional costs to improve internal control systems and procedures. The COVID–19 pandemic has adversely affected and could continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of our customers to conduct transactions with us. The COVID–19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the worldwide economy, including the global demand for oil and natural gas. The prolonged nature of the COVID–19 pandemic has resulted, and may continue to result, in a significant decrease in business and/or has caused, and may in the future cause, our customers to be unable to meet existing payment or other obligations to us, particularly in the event of a resurgence of COVID–19 in our market areas. The COVID–19 pandemic may also negatively impact the availability of our key personnel necessary to conduct our business as well as the business and operations of third-party service providers who perform critical services for our business. Because the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict, the impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations remains uncertain and difficult to predict. If COVID–19 resurges or if the response to contain the COVID-19 pandemic is unsuccessful, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our future revenue depends on our ability to consistently bid and win new contracts, provide high-quality, cost-effective services, and to maintain and renew existing contracts. Our failure to effectively obtain future contracts could adversely affect our profitability. Our future revenue and overall results of operations require us to successfully bid on new contracts, provide high-quality, cost-effective services, and renew existing contracts. Contract proposals and negotiations are complex and frequently involve a lengthy bidding and selection process, which is affected by a number of factors, such as market conditions, financing arrangements and required governmental approvals. For example, a client may require us to provide a bond or letter of credit to protect the client should we fail to perform under the terms of the contract. When negative market conditions arise, or if we fail to secure adequate financial arrangements or required governmental approvals, we may not be able to pursue particular projects, which could adversely affect our profitability. These factors have impacted our operations in the past several years and may continue to do so. Table of Contents 11 Economic downturns and the volatility and level of oil and natural gas prices could have a negative impact on our businesses. Demand for the services offered by us has been and is expected to continue to be, subject to significant fluctuations due to a variety of factors beyond our control, including demand for engineering services in the petroleum refining, petroleum chemical and pipeline industries and in other industries that we provide services to. During economic downturns in these industries, our customers’ need to engage us may decline significantly and projects may be delayed or cancelled. However, these factors can cause our profitability to decline significantly. Our clients’ willingness to undertake these activities depends largely on the following factors: Prices and expectations about future prices of oil and natural gas; Domestic and foreign supply of and demand for oil and natural gas; The cost of exploring for, developing, producing and delivering oil and natural gas; ● ● ● ● Weather conditions, such as hurricanes, which may affect our clients’ ability to produce oil and natural gas; ● ● ● ● ● Available pipeline, storage and other transportation capacity; Federal, state and local regulation of oilfield activities; Environmental concerns regarding the methods our customers use to produce oil and natural gas; The availability of water resources and the cost of disposal and recycling services; and Seasonal limitations on access to work locations. Anticipated future prices for oil and natural gas are a primary factor affecting spending by our clients. Historically, the markets for oil and natural gas have been volatile and lower prices or volatility in prices for oil and natural gas typically decreases spending by our clients, which can cause rapid and material declines in demand for our services and in the prices we are able to charge for our services. Further, a sustained period of lower prices and volatility in prices for oil and natural gas can exacerbate the potential for cancellations and adjustments to our backlog from our clients in the oil and natural gas industry. The Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Palestine conflict, Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, and Iranian activities in the Strait of Hormuz are having various impacts on the global and United States economy, including increased inflation, substantial increases in the prices of oil and natural gas, large Western companies ceasing to do business in Russia and uncertain capital markets with declines in the leading market indexes. The duration of these conflicts and its impact on our business are uncertain, but it is likely to continue causing disruption and instability which may lead to additional volatility in prices for oil and natural gas. We derive a portion of our revenue from U.S. federal, state and local government agencies, and as a result, any disruption in government funding, any change in our ability to comply with various procurement laws and regulations as a U.S. Government contractor, or any exercise by the U.S. Government of certain rights to modify, delay, curtail, renegotiate, or terminate existing contracts for convenience could adversely affect our business. In 2023, we generated approximately 20.9% of our revenue from contracts with U.S. federal, state and local government agencies. A significant amount of this revenue is derived under multi-year contracts, many of which are appropriated on an annual basis. As a result, at the beginning of a project, the related contract may be only partially funded, and additional funding is normally committed only as appropriations are made in each subsequent year. Our backlog includes only the portion of the contract award for which funding has been appropriated. Whether appropriations are made, and the timing of payment of appropriated amounts, may be influenced by numerous factors that could affect our U.S. Government contracting business, including the following: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● The failure of the U.S. Government to complete its budget and appropriations process before its fiscal year-end, which may result in U.S. Government agencies delaying the procurement of services; Budget constraints or policy changes resulting in delay or curtailment of expenditures related to the services we provide; The timing and amount of tax revenue received by federal, and state and local governments, and the overall level of government expenditures; Delays associated with insufficient numbers of government staff to oversee contracts; Competing political priorities and changes in the political climate with regard to the funding or operation of the services we provide; Unsatisfactory performance on government contracts by us or one of our subcontractors, negative government audits or other events that may impair our relationship with federal, state or local governments; A dispute with or improper activity by any of our subcontractors; and General economic or political conditions. Table of Contents 12 In addition, we must comply with and are affected by U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of government contracts. These laws and regulations affect how we do business with our clients and, in some instances, impose additional costs on our business operations. Although we take precautions to prevent and deter fraud, misconduct, and non-compliance, we face the risk that our employees or outside partners may engage in misconduct, fraud, or other improper activities. U.S. government agencies, such as the Defense Contract Audit Agency (“DCAA”), routinely audit and investigate government contractors and evaluate compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and standards. In addition, during the course of its audits, the DCAA may question our incurred project costs. If the DCAA believes we have accounted for such costs in a manner inconsistent with the requirements of applicable laws, regulations and standards, the DCAA auditor may recommend that such costs be disallowed. Historically, we have not experienced significant disallowed costs as a result of government audits. However, we can provide no assurance that the DCAA or other government audits will not result in material disallowances for incurred costs in the future. Also, U.S. Government projects in which we participate as a contractor or subcontractor may extend for several years. Generally, government contracts include the right to modify, delay, curtail, renegotiate, or terminate contracts and subcontracts at the government’s convenience any time prior to their completion. Any decision by a U.S. Government client to modify, delay, curtail, renegotiate, or terminate our contracts at their convenience may result in a decline in our profits and revenue. We are reviewing strategic transactions and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying or completing any strategic alternative, that any such strategic transactions will result in additional value for our shareholders or that the process will not have an adverse impact on our business. Our Board of Directors continues to review strategic transactions. These transactions could include, but are not limited to, strategic acquisitions, mergers, reverse mergers, the issuance or buyback of public shares, or the purchase or sale of specific assets, in addition to other potential actions aimed at increasing shareholder value. There can be no assurance that the review of strategic transactions will result in the identification or consummation of any transaction. Our Board of Directors may also determine that our most effective strategy is to continue to effectuate our current business plan. The process of reviewing strategic transactions may be time consuming and disruptive to our business operations and, if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We could incur substantial expenses associated with identifying and evaluating potential strategic transactions. No decision has been made with respect to any transaction and we cannot assure you that we will be able to identify and undertake any transaction that allows our shareholders to realize an increase in the value of their common stock or provide any guidance on the timing of such action, if any. We also cannot assure you that any potential transaction or other strategic alternative, if identified, evaluated and consummated, will provide greater value to our shareholders than that reflected in the current price of our common stock. Any potential transaction would be dependent upon a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, but not limited to, market conditions, industry trends, the interest of third parties in our business and the availability of financing to potential buyers on reasonable terms. We do not intend to comment regarding the evaluation of strategic transactions until such time as our Board of Directors has determined the outcome of the process or otherwise has deemed that disclosure is appropriate or required by applicable law. As a consequence, perceived uncertainties related to our future may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and volatility in the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners. We may consider growing through acquisitions and may not be successful in doing so or in integrating effectively any business or operations we may acquire. As part of our historic business strategy, we have expanded our business through strategic acquisitions. Appropriate acquisitions could allow us to expand into new geographical locations, offer new services, add complementary businesses to expand our portfolio of services, enhance our capital strength or acquire additional talent. Accordingly, our future performance will be impacted by our ability to identify appropriate businesses to acquire, negotiate favorable terms for such acquisitions and effectively and efficiently integrate such acquisitions into our existing businesses. There is no certainty that we will succeed in completing any future acquisitions or whether we will be able to successfully integrate any acquired businesses or to operate them profitably. Table of Contents Acquisitions involve numerous risks, any of which could harm our business, including: 13 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Difficulties in integrating the operations, technologies, products, existing contracts, accounting and personnel of the target company and realizing the anticipated synergies of the combined businesses; Difficulties in supporting and transitioning customers, if any, of the target company; Diversion of our financial and management resources from existing operations; The price we pay or other resources that we devote may exceed the value we realize, or the value we could have realized if we had allocated the purchase price or other resources to another opportunity; Risks of entering new markets in which we have limited or no experience; Potential loss of key employees, customers and strategic alliances from either our current business or the target company’s business; Assumption of unanticipated problems or latent liabilities, such as problems with the quality of the target company’s services; Risks associated with possible violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws as a result of any acquisition or otherwise applicable to our business; and Inability to generate sufficient net income to justify the acquisition costs. Acquisitions also frequently result in the recording of goodwill and other intangible assets which are subject to potential impairment in the future that could harm our financial results. In addition, if we finance acquisitions by issuing convertible debt or equity securities, our existing stockholders may be diluted, which could lower the market price of our common stock. As a result, if we fail to properly evaluate acquisitions or investments, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of any such acquisitions, and we may incur costs in excess of amounts that we anticipate. Our business and operating results could be adversely affected by our inability to accurately estimate the overall risks, revenue or costs on a contract. Revenue recognition for a contract requires judgment relative to assessing the contracts estimated risks, revenue and costs and technical issues. Due to the size, complexity and nature of many of our contracts, the estimation of overall risk, revenue and cost at completion is complicated and subject to many variables. Changes in underlying assumptions, circumstances or estimates have in the past and may continue to adversely affect future period financial performance. We may incur significant costs in providing services in excess of original project scope without having an approved change order. After commencement of a contract, we may perform, without the benefit of an approved change order from the customer, additional services requested by the customer that were not contemplated in our contract price due to customer changes or to incomplete or inaccurate engineering, project specifications, and other similar information provided to us by the customer. Our construction contracts generally require the customer to compensate us for additional work or expenses incurred under these circumstances as long as we obtain prior written approval. A failure to obtain adequate written approvals prior to performing the work could require us to record an adjustment to revenue and profit recognized in prior periods under the percentage-of-completion accounting method. Any such adjustments, if substantial, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, particularly for the period in which such adjustments are made. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining, through negotiation, arbitration, litigation or otherwise, approved change orders in an amount sufficient to compensate us for our additional, unapproved work or expenses. Our focus on three operating segments could subject us to increased costs and related risks and may not achieve the intended results. Focusing our business activities on three operating segments could subject us to increased costs and related risks and we may not achieve the intended results. These initiatives may require additional investments by the Company and additional attention from management, and if not successful, we may not realize the return on our investments as anticipated or our operating results could be adversely affected by slower than expected sales growth or additional costs. The failure to attract and retain key professional personnel could materially adversely affect our business. Our success depends on attracting and retaining qualified personnel even in an environment where the contracting process is more difficult. We are dependent upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, technical and business development personnel. In particular, competition for key management personnel continues to be intense. We cannot be certain that we will retain our key managerial, technical, and business development personnel or be able to attract or assimilate key personnel in the future. Failure to attract and retain such personnel would materially adversely affect our businesses, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Table of Contents 14 Our dependence on one or a few customers could adversely affect us. One or a few clients have in the past and may in the future contribute a significant portion of our consolidated revenue in any one year or over a period of several consecutive years. In 2023, our top three clients accounted for 18.0%, 16.2% and 6.8% of our revenue, respectively, and our ten largest customers accounted for 70.8% of our revenue. As our backlog frequently reflects multiple projects for individual clients, one major customer may comprise a significant percentage of our backlog at any point in time. Because these significant customers generally contract with us for specific projects, we may lose them in other years as their projects with us are completed. If we do not continually replace them with other customers or other projects, our business could be materially adversely affected. Also, the majority of our contracts can be terminated at will. Although we have long-standing relationships with many of our significant customers, our contracts with these customers are on a project-by-project basis and the customers may unilaterally reduce or discontinue their purchases at any time. In addition, dissatisfaction with the results of a single project could have a much more widespread impact on our ability to get additional projects from a single major client. The loss of business from any one of such customers could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations. Internal system or service failures could disrupt our business and impair our ability to effectively provide our services and products to our clients, which could damage our reputation and adversely affect our revenue, profitability and operating results. Our information technology systems are subject to systems failures, including network, software or hardware failures, whether caused by us, third-party service providers, intruders or hackers, computer viruses, malicious code, cyber-attacks, phishing and other cyber security problems, natural disasters, power shortages or terrorist attacks. Any such failures could cause loss of data and interruptions or delays in our business, cause us to incur remediation costs, subject us to claims and damage our reputation. Failure or disruption of our communications or utilities could cause us to interrupt or suspend our operations or otherwise adversely affect our business. Any system or service disruptions if not anticipated and appropriately mitigated could have a material adverse effect on our business including, among other things, an adverse effect on our ability to bill our clients for work performed on our contracts, collect the amounts that have been billed and produce accurate financial statements in a timely manner. Our property and business interruption insurance may be inadequate to compensate us for all losses that may occur as a result of any system or operational failure or disruption and, as a result, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. We have invested and will continue to pursue further investments in systems that will allow us to achieve and remain in compliance with the regulations governing our business; however, there can be no assurance that such systems will be effective at achieving and maintaining compliance or that we will not incur additional costs in order to make such systems effective. Our backlog is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations and is, therefore, an uncertain indicator of our future revenue or earnings. As of December 30, 2023, our backlog was $13.3 million. We expect a majority of this backlog to be completed in 2024. We cannot assure investors that the revenue projected in our backlog will be realized or, if realized, will result in profits. Projects currently in our backlog may be canceled or may remain in our backlog for an extended period of time prior to project execution and, once project execution begins, it may occur unevenly over the current and multiple future periods. In addition, project terminations, suspensions or reductions in scope occur from time to time with respect to contracts reflected in our backlog, reducing the revenue and profit we actually receive from contracts reflected in our backlog. Future project cancellations and scope adjustments could further reduce the dollar amount of our backlog in addition to the revenue and profits that we actually earn. The potential for cancellations and adjustments to our backlog are exacerbated by economic conditions, particularly in our chosen area of concentration, the energy industry. The markets for oil and natural gas have been volatile which can exacerbate the potential for cancellations and adjustments to our backlog from our clients in the oil and natural gas industry. Liability claims could result in losses. Providing engineering and design services involves the risk of contract, professional errors and omissions and other liability claims, as well as adverse publicity. Further, many of our contracts require us to indemnify our clients not only for our negligence, if any, but also for the concurrent negligence of our clients. We currently maintain liability insurance coverage, including coverage for professional errors and omissions. However, claims outside of or exceeding our insurance coverage may be made. A significant claim could result in unexpected liabilities, take management time away from operations, and have a material adverse impact on our cash flow. Table of Contents 15 Unsatisfactory safety performance can affect customer relationships, result in higher operating costs and result in high employee turnover. Our workers are subject to the normal hazards associated with providing services on construction sites and industrial facilities. Even with proper safety precautions, these hazards can lead to personal injury, loss of life, damage to, or destruction of property, plant and equipment, and environmental damages. We are intensely focused on maintaining a safe environment and reducing the risk of accidents across all of our job sites. However, poor safety performance may limit or eliminate potential revenue streams from many of our largest customers and may materially increase our future insurance and other operating costs. In hiring new employees, we normally target experienced personnel; however, we also hire inexperienced employees. Even with thorough safety training, inexperienced employees have a higher likelihood of injury which could lead to higher operating costs and insurance rates. Our dependence on third-party subcontractors and equipment manufacturers could adversely affect us. We rely on third-party subcontractors as well as third-party suppliers and manufacturers to complete our projects. To the extent that we cannot engage subcontractors or acquire supplies or materials, our ability to complete a project in a timely fashion may be impaired. If the amount we are required to pay for these goods and services exceeds the amount we have estimated in bidding for fixed-price or time-and-material contracts, we could experience losses on these contracts. In addition, if a subcontractor or supplier is unable to deliver its services or materials according to the negotiated contract terms for any reason, including the deterioration of its financial condition or over-commitment of its resources, we may be required to purchase the services or materials from another source at a higher price. This may reduce the profit to be realized or result in a loss on a project for which the services or materials were needed. Force majeure events such as natural disasters or global or national health epidemics or concerns, such as the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak, could negatively impact the economy and the industries we service, which may negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Force majeure events, such as hurricanes or global or national health epidemics or concerns, such as the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak, could negatively impact the economies of the areas in which we operate. For example, in 2017 Hurricane Harvey caused considerable damage along the Gulf Coast not only to the refining and petrochemical industry, but also the commercial segment which competes for labor, materials and equipment resources needed throughout the entire United States. In some cases, we remain obligated to perform our services after a natural disaster even though our contracts may contain force majeure clauses. In those cases, if we are not able to react quickly and/or negotiate contractual relief on favorable terms to us, our operations may be significantly and adversely affected, which would have a negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our cash balance at financial institutions may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured amounts. Our cash balances, including funds on deposit with financial institutions, are subject to certain limitations imposed by the FDIC. The FDIC provides deposit insurance coverage up to the maximum limit for each depositor, per insured bank. The standard deposit insurance amount is $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC- insured bank, for each ownership category. Due to the FDIC deposit insurance limits, we may be exposed to the risk of loss on any excess cash balances that exceed the deposit insurance amount. This risk arises from the possibility of financial institutions with whom we have deposits becoming insolvent or unable to honor withdrawal requests, resulting in potential losses on uninsured portions of our cash holdings. RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK OUTSTANDING The trading price of our stock may continue to be volatile, which could cause you to lose part or all of your investment. The stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, the trading price of our common stock has been highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. During the past twelve months, the sales price of our stock ranged from a low of $1.01 per share in February 2024 to a high of $5.84 per share in March 2023. As a result of this volatility, our stock could experience rapid and substantial decreases in price, and you may be able to sell our stock only at a substantial loss to the price at which you purchased our stock. Table of Contents Some, but not all, of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include: 16 · · · · · · · · · · · · fluctuations in our quarterly or annual financial results or the quarterly or annual financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us or relevant for our business; changes in estimates of our financial results or recommendations by securities analysts; failure of our services or products to achieve or maintain market acceptance; changes in market valuations of similar or relevant companies; success of competitive service offerings or technologies; changes in our capital structure, such as the issuance of securities or the incurrence of debt; announcements by us or by our competitors of significant services, contracts, acquisitions or strategic alliances; regulatory developments in the United States, foreign countries, or both; litigation; additions or departures of key personnel; investors’ general perceptions; and changes in general economic, industry or market conditions. In addition, if the market for energy related stocks, or the stock market in general, experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Further, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our stock price to fall and may expose us to lawsuits that, even if unsuccessful, could be costly to defend and a distraction to management. We are not currently in compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements. If we are unable to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, our common stock could be delisted, which could affect the price of our common stock and liquidity and reduce our ability to raise capital. Our common stock is currently listed on Nasdaq. Nasdaq has established certain quantitative criteria and qualitative standards that companies must meet to remain listed for trading on this market. On November 27, 2023, we received written notice from Nasdaq indicating that we are not in compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b) for continued listing due to our failure to maintain a minimum of $2,500,000 in stockholders’ equity. Nasdaq also determined that we do not meet the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations for continued listing. The notice has no immediate effect on the listing of our common stock, and our common stock will continue to trade on Nasdaq under the symbol “ENG” at this time. We subsequently submitted a plan to regain compliance and based on such submission, Nasdaq granted us an extension of time until May 27, 2024 to regain compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b). To regain compliance, the Company must have a minimum $2,500,000 stockholders’ equity, $35,000,000 market value of listed securities, or $500,000 net income from continuing operations before May 27, 2024. If we do not regain compliance within the allotted compliance period(s), including any extensions that may be granted by Nasdaq, Nasdaq will provide notice that our common stock will be subject to delisting. We would then be entitled to appeal the Nasdaq Staff’s determination to a Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel and request a hearing. We intend to monitor the value of our stockholder’s equity balance and the value of our common stock and consider our available options to resolve the noncompliance matter with the minimum stockholder’s equity requirement. No determination regarding our response has been made at this time. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the minimum stockholder’s equity requirement or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing criteria. A possible “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand of our common stock that largely exceeds supply may lead to additional price volatility. Historically there has not been a large short position in our common stock. However, in the future investors may purchase shares of our common stock to hedge existing exposure or to speculate on the price of our common stock. Speculation on the price of our common stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent an aggregate short exposure in our common stock becomes significant, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to purchase shares for delivery to share lenders at times if and when the price of our common stock increases significantly, particularly over a short period of time. Those purchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of our common stock. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.” A short squeeze could lead to volatile price movements in our common stock that are not directly correlated to our business prospects, financial performance or other traditional measures of value for the Company or our common stock. Table of Contents 17 A small number of stockholders own a significant portion of our outstanding common stock, thus limiting the extent to which other stockholders can effect decisions subject to stockholder vote. Directors, executive officers and principal stockholders of ENGlobal and their affiliates, beneficially own approximately 34.5% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis as of the date of this Report. Accordingly, these stockholders, as a group, are able to affect the outcome of stockholder votes, including votes concerning the adoption or amendment of provisions in our Articles of Incorporation or bylaws and the approval of mergers and other significant corporate transactions. The existence of these levels of ownership concentrated in a few persons makes it unlikely that any other holder of common stock will be able to affect the management or direction of the Company. These factors may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in management or voting control of the Company. Our Board of Directors may authorize future sales of ENGlobal common stock, which could result in a decrease in the market value to existing stockholders of the shares they hold. Our Articles of Incorporation authorize our Board of Directors to issue up to an additional 69,843,417 shares of common stock and an additional 2,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock as of December 30, 2023. Subject to the terms of our Articles of Incorporation, these shares may be issued without stockholder approval unless the issuance is 20% or more of our outstanding common stock, in which case the NASDAQ requires stockholder approval. We may issue shares of stock in the future in connection with acquisitions or financings. In addition, we may issue restricted stock or options under our 2021 Long Term Incentive Plan. Future issuances of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that these sales could occur, may affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, the ability of the Board of Directors to issue additional stock may discourage transactions involving actual or potential changes of control of the Company, including transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices to holders of our common stock. Future issuances of our securities in connection with financing transactions or under equity incentive plans could dilute current stockholders’ ownership. We may decide to raise additional funds to fund our operations through the issuance of public or private debt or equity securities. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future issuances of debt, our common stock, other equity securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or other equity securities or the availability of any of the foregoing for future sale, will have on the market price of our common stock. The issuance of substantial amounts of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock (including shares issued upon the exercise of stock options or the conversion or exchange of any convertible or exchangeable securities outstanding now or in the future), or the perception that such issuances could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock. In addition, further dilution to our existing stockholders will result, and new investors could have rights superior to existing stockholders. ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY Risk Management and Strategy Securing our business information, intellectual property, customer and employee data and technology systems is essential for the continuity of our business, meeting applicable regulatory requirements and maintaining the trust of our stockholders. Cybersecurity is an important and integrated part of our enterprise risk management function that identifies, monitors and mitigates business, operational and legal risks. Table of Contents 18 To help protect us from a major cybersecurity incident that could have a material impact on operations or our financial results, we have implemented policies and controls, including investments in technology tools that focus on cybersecurity incident prevention, identification and mitigation. The steps we have taken to reduce our vulnerability to cyberattacks and to mitigate impacts from cybersecurity incidents include, but are not limited to: software tools to collect, aggregate, and analyze volumes of data from an organization’s applications, devices, servers, and users in real-time so security teams can detect and block attacks, establishing information security policies and standards, implementing information protection processes and technologies, and monitoring our information technology systems for cybersecurity threats. We engage a consulting firm on an annual basis to help us test the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, which includes general controls related to IT. We are currently working with them to update our control environment to include key controls designed to reduce the risks of cybersecurity threats. We also require third-party service providers to provide an annual SOC-1 report, which includes among other assurances that controls are in place to maintain the confidentiality and privacy of the information processed by the service organization. In addition, we annually purchase a cybersecurity risk insurance policy that would help defray the costs associated with a covered cybersecurity incident if it occurred. Governance Our Board of Directors is actively engaged in overseeing and reviewing our strategic direction and objectives of the Company, taking into account our risk profile and related exposures, including oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats. As part of this oversight function and the recognition of the increasing exposure of cybersecurity threats, the Company is in the process of working with the Board on measures to strengthen our cybersecurity program and establishing a more formal process to evaluate and enhance the effectiveness of our cybersecurity policies and procedures. Our management team is responsible for managing risk and bringing to the Board’s attention any material near-term and long-term risks to the Company, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our cybersecurity risk management team is comprised of technically skilled IT professionals with experience in preventing, detecting, mitigating and remediating cybersecurity incidents and testing cybersecurity processes under the leadership of our IT Director, who reports to our Chief Executive Officer. The team works in close coordination with the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer on cybersecurity risk management matters. Our IT Director has over 20 years of experience in cybersecurity, data security, IT infrastructure and cloud services. He holds a Bachelor’s Degree of Commerce from the University of Karachi. We have not identified any risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations, business strategy, regulatory compliance, results of operations, or financial condition ITEM 2. PROPERTIES We lease space in five locations in the U.S. totaling approximately 179,877 square feet. The leases have remaining terms ranging from fourteen months to 104 months and are on terms that we consider commercially reasonable. We have ceased our operations at our Brookshire, Texas and Monahans, Texas facilities and are in discussions with the respective landlords to determine alternatives for these two locations. Our principal office is located in Houston, Texas. Approximately 61,438 square feet of our total office space is designated for our professional, technical and administrative personnel. We believe that our office and other facilities are well maintained and adequate for existing and planned operations at each operating location. Our Commercial segment performs assembly services in its Houston, Texas integration facility with approximately 81,089 square feet of space. Location Brookshire, TX Houston, TX Houston, TX (Portwall) Tulsa, OK Monahans, TX ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Square Feet 45,000 26,006 81,089 24,182 3,600 179,877 From time to time, ENGlobal or one or more of its subsidiaries may be involved in various legal proceedings or may be subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business alleging, among other things, claims of breach of contract or negligence in connection with the performance or delivery of goods and/or services. The outcome of any such claims or proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Except as described in Note 16— Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Report, as of the date of this Report, no legal proceedings are pending against us that we believe individually or collectively could have a materially adverse effect upon our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. Table of Contents 19 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information and Holders Our common stock has been quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market (NASDAQ - CM) under the symbol “ENG” since April 16, 2013 and the NASDAQ Global Market prior to that date. Newspaper and on-line stock listings identify us as “ENGlobal.” As of December 30, 2023, approximately 39 stockholders of record held our common stock. We do not have information regarding the number of holders of beneficial interests in our common stock. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities The following table sets forth certain information with respect to repurchases of our common stock for the fourth quarter of 2023: Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under Plans or Programs (1) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share — — — — — — — — — $ — $ — $ 161,308 $ — — — 425,589 Period October 1, 2023 to October 28, 2023 October 29, 2023 to November 25, 2023 November 26, 2023 to December 30, 2023 Total (1) On April 21, 2015, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 million of the Company’s common stock from time to time through open market or privately negotiated transactions, based on prevailing market conditions. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any dollar amount or specific number of shares of common stock under the repurchase program, which may be suspended, discontinued or reinstated at any time. The stock repurchase program was suspended on May 16, 2017 and was reinstated on December 19, 2018. As of December 30, 2023, the Company had purchased and retired 161,308 shares at an aggregate cost of $1.6 million under this repurchase program. Management does not intend to repurchase any shares in the near future. Dividend Policy We have never declared or paid a cash dividend on our common stock. We intend to retain any future earnings for reinvestment in our business and we do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends in the future, if any, will depend on numerous factors, including our earnings, capital requirements and operating and financial position as well as general business conditions. Table of Contents 20 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Report. Overview ENGlobal Corporation is a leading provider of innovative, delivered project solutions primarily to the energy industry. We deliver these solutions to our clients by combining our vertically-integrated engineering and professional project execution services with our automation and systems integration expertise and fabrication capabilities. We believe our vertically-integrated strategy allows us to differentiate our company from most of our competitors as a full service provider, thereby reducing our clients’ dependency on and coordination of multiple vendors and improving control over their project cost and schedules. Our strategy and positioning has also allowed the Company to pursue larger scopes of work centered around many different types of modularized engineered systems. We have a long history of delivering project solutions and can provide complete project execution and have focused our business development teams on communicating these offerings to our clients which include (i) Engineering, (ii) Automation, and (iii) Government Services. We have made significant reductions in our overhead structure as part of the internal business reorganization that we started in the first quarter of 2023. These cost reductions were primarily in headcount across all segments to better align the number of administrative staff needed to support our current volume of work and re-organize our corporate structure. We continue to evaluate our headcount and will reduce it as necessary to better align our costs with the volume of the business. Our Board of Directors continues to review strategic transactions, which could include strategic acquisitions, mergers, reverse mergers, the issuance or buyback of public shares, or the purchase or sale of specific assets, in addition to other potential actions aimed at increasing shareholder value. The Company does not intend to disclose or comment on developments related to its review unless and until the Board has approved a specific transaction or otherwise determined that further disclosure is appropriate. There can be no assurance that the Board’s strategic review will result in any transaction, or any assurance as to its outcome or timing. Our recurring losses, negative cash flows from operating activities, need for additional financing and the uncertainties surrounding our ability to obtain such financing, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We have limited cash on hand and will need additional working capital to fund our planned operations. We are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional capital to fund our planned operations or failing to profitably operate the business. We intend to raise funds through various potential sources, such as equity or debt financings; however, we can provide no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate financing is not available or we do not achieve profitability and positive cash flows from operating activities, we may be required to significantly curtail or cease our operations, and our business would be jeopardized. Results of Operations Our revenue is comprised of services revenue and the sale of engineered modular solutions. We generally recognize service revenue as soon as the services are performed. During 2023, we worked on 225 projects ranging in size from $1 thousand to $14.2 million. The average size of the projects during 2023 was $509 thousand and we recorded an average revenue of $174 thousand per project. In the course of providing our services, we routinely provide materials and equipment and may provide construction management or construction services. Generally, these materials, equipment and subcontractor costs are passed through to our clients and reimbursed, along with handling fees, which in total are at margins much lower than those of our services business. In accordance with industry practice and generally accepted accounting principles, all such costs and fees are included in revenue. The use of subcontractor services can change significantly from project to project; therefore, changes in revenue and gross profit, SG&A expense and operating income as a percent of revenue may not be indicative of our core business trends. Table of Contents 21 Segment operating SG&A expense includes management and staff compensation, office costs such as rents and utilities, depreciation, amortization, travel, bad debt and other expenses generally unrelated to specific client contracts, but directly related to the support of a segment’s operations. Corporate SG&A expenses includes investor relations, governance, finance, accounting, health, safety, environmental, human resources, legal and information technology which are unrelated to specific projects but which are incurred to support corporate activities. Reporting Segments Our Commercial and Government segments are strategic business units that offer different services and products and therefore require different marketing and management strategies. Separate operational leaders are in charge of our engineering offices and our automation offices, including the office that contracts with government agencies. The operating performance of our segments is regularly reviewed with the operational leaders of the two segments, the chief executive officer (“CEO”), the chief financial officer (“CFO”) and others. This group represents the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for ENGlobal. Our corporate and other expenses that do not individually meet the criteria for segment reporting are reported separately as Corporate expenses. Comparison of the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 The following table set forth below, for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, provides financial data that is derived from our consolidated statements of operations (amounts in thousands, except per share data). For the year ended December 30, 2023: Revenue Gross profit (loss) SG&A Operating income (loss) Other income, net Interest expense, net Tax expense Net loss Basic and diluted loss per share Commercial Government Services Corporate Consolidated $ 30,072 $ (2,048) 9,034 (11,082) 8,964 $ 1,682 537 1,145 — $ — 4,956 (4,956) $ 39,036 (366) 14,527 (14,893) 63 (219) (104) (15,153) (3.03) 100.0% (0.9)% 37.2% (38.2)% (38.8)% For the year ended December 31, 2022: Revenue Gross profit (loss) SG&A Operating income (loss) Other income, net Interest expense, net Tax expense Net loss Basic and diluted loss per share Table of Contents Commercial Government Services Corporate Consolidated 32,096 (5,887) 8,608 (14,495) 8,093 1,675 740 935 — — 4,767 (4,767) 40,189 (4,212) 14,115 (18,327) 75 (223) (39) (18,514) (4.16) 100.0% (10.5)% 35.1% (45.6)% (46.1)% 22 Commercial Government Services Corporate Consolidated Year Over Year Increase (Decrease) in Operating Results: Revenue $ Gross profit (loss) SG&A Operating income (loss) Other income, net Interest expense, net Tax expense Net loss Basic and diluted loss per share (2,024) $ 3,839 426 3,413 871 $ 7 (203) 210 — $ — 189 (189) $ (1,153) 3,846 412 3,434 (12) 4 (65) 3,361 1.13 (2.9)% (91.3)% 2.9% (18.7)% (18.2)% Revenue – Overall, our revenue for the year ended December 30, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, decreased $1.2 million, or 2.9%, to $39.0 million from $40.2 million. Revenue from the Commercial segment decreased $2.0 million, or 6.3%, to $30.1 million for the year ended December 30, 2023, as compared to $32.1 million for the comparable period in 2022. Revenue from the Government Services segment increased $0.9 million, or 10.8%, to $9.0 million for the year ended December 30, 2023 as compared to $8.1 million for the comparable period in 2022. Our 2023 revenue for the Commercial segment decreased primarily due to the completion of projects in the renewables, construction, field services and fabrication businesses that we exited in 2023. Our 2023 revenue for the Government Services segment increased primarily due to the settlement of a legal matter on one of our projects. Gross Profit (Loss) – Gross loss for the year ended December 30, 2023 was $0.4 million, a decrease of $3.8 million, or 91.3%, from a gross loss of $4.2 million for the comparable period in 2022. Gross loss margin was 0.9% for the year ended December 30, 2023, a decrease from the 10.5% gross loss margin for the year ended December 31, 2022. Gross loss in our Commercial segment decreased $3.8 million, or 65.2%, to a gross loss of $2.0 million and a gross loss margin of 6.8% for the year ended December 30, 2023 as compared to a gross loss of $5.9 million and gross loss margin of 18.3% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in gross loss margin is primarily attributable to the decision to stop self-performing low margin projects in 2023 in addition to the impairment of the license agreement acquired during 2022 with no similar occurrence in 2023. Gross profit in the Government Services segment was $1.7 million for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Gross profit margin decreased 1.9% to 18.8% for the year ended December 30, 2023 from a gross profit margin of 20.7% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in gross profit margin is due cost overruns and rework done on a large project partially offset by an increase from a settlement of a legal matter on one project. Selling, General and Administrative – Overall, our SG&A expenses increased by $0.4 million for the year ended December 30, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase in SG&A was driven by increases in bad debt expense of $0.4 million, legal expense of $0.4 million, accounting expenses of $0.1 million, and lease impairment charges of $1.8 million, partially offset by decreases in salary expense of $2.0 million, travel expense of $0.2 million, and other software expenses of $0.1 million. We continue to focus on reducing expenses to keep our costs in line with our revenue levels. These cost reduction measures include reducing headcount and reducing office and shop space. Other income, net – Other income, net of expense, remained unchanged for the year ended December 30, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Table of Contents 23 Tax expense – Tax expense was $0.1 million for the year ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Net Income (Loss) – Net loss for the year ended December 30, 2023 was $15.2 million compared to a net loss of $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily as a result of the increase in gross loss due to our decision to stop self-performing construction, field services and fabrication work. Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview We define liquidity as our ability to pay liabilities as they become due, fund business operations and meet monetary contractual obligations. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, internally generated funds, and borrowings under the Credit Agreement. Our cash decreased to $0.6 million at December 30, 2023 from $3.5 million at December 31, 2022, as our operating activities used approximately $4.8 million in net cash during the year ended December 30, 2023 primarily due to cash used to fund our operating loss. Our working capital (deficit) as of December 30, 2023 was $(2.2) million as compared to $7.1 million as of December 31, 2022. On June 15, 2023, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Alliance 2000, Ltd., a Texas limited partnership (“Alliance”), pursuant to which Alliance agreed, subject to certain terms and conditions, to extend up to two term loans in the aggregate principal amount of $1,250,000 to us (collectively, the “Term Loans”). The Credit Agreement provides for an initial term loan of $1,000,000 and, under certain conditions, an additional term loan of $250,000. During the one-year term of the loan, the Company will make interest-only payments on a quarterly basis. The loan carries an annual interest rate of 8.5% and has an origination fee of 0.5%, payable upon maturity. As of December 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement matures on June 15, 2024. As of March 2, 2024, we had outstanding borrowings of $1.2 million under the Credit Agreement, with additional borrowing capacity of $50,000 at the lender’s discretion. On February 1, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “RDO Purchase Agreement”) providing for the sale and issuance by the Company to a single institutional investor of 496,375 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, at an offering price of $6.80 per Share in a registered direct offering. Concurrently with the sale of the Shares and pursuant to the RDO Purchase Agreement, the Company also sold and issued in a private placement, for no additional consideration to the investor, warrants to purchase up to 496,375 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Warrants”). The gross proceeds to the Company from the offerings were approximately $3.4 million before deducting the placement agent’s fees and related offering expenses, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Warrants. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. We have had to extend the payment terms for our suppliers beyond our standard terms. In some cases, we have signed an agreement stipulating scheduled payment dates and amounts to provide assurance to the supplier that the balance will be paid in full. The payment terms for these arrangements are between a few weeks and 12 months depending on various factors such as amount, age, and how critical they are to our on-going operations. As of December 30, 2023 approximately $1.9 million of our trade payables have a payment schedule agreement. Our recurring losses, negative cash flows from operating activities, need for additional financing and the uncertainties surrounding our ability to obtain such financing, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, as discussed in Part II, Item 8, Note 1. We have limited cash on hand and will need additional working capital to fund our planned operations. We are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional capital to fund our planned operations or failing to profitably operate the business. We intend to raise funds through various potential sources, such as equity or debt financings; however, we can provide no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate financing is not available or we do not achieve profitability and positive cash flows from operating activities, we may be required to significantly curtail or cease our operations, and our business would be jeopardized. Cash and the availability of cash could be materially restricted if (1) outstanding invoices billed are not collected or are not collected in a timely manner, (2) circumstances prevent the timely internal processing of invoices, (3) we lose one or more of our major customers or our major customers significantly reduce the amount of work requested from us, (4) we are unable to win new projects that we can perform on a profitable basis or (5) we are unable to reverse our use of cash to fund losses. Table of Contents 24 Our Board of Directors continues to review strategic transactions, which could include strategic acquisitions, mergers, reverse mergers, the issuance or buyback of public shares, or the purchase or sale of specific assets, in addition to other potential actions aimed at increasing shareholder value. The Company does not intend to disclose or comment on developments related to its review unless and until the Board has approved a specific transaction or otherwise determined that further disclosure is appropriate. There can be no assurance that the Board’s strategic review will result in any transaction, or any assurance as to its outcome or timing. Cash Flows from Operating Activities Operating activities used approximately $4.8 million in net cash during the year ended December 30, 2023 primarily due to cash used to fund our operating loss of $15.2 million, a $0.6 million increase in accrued compensation and benefits, and a $0.3 million increase in other current liabilities, partially offset by a $2.6 million increase in trade payables, a $2.1 million decrease in other current assets, a $1.9 million decrease in contract assets net of contract liabilities, $1.8 million from the impairment of ROU assets, a $1.2 million decrease in trade accounts receivable, $0.9 million of depreciation and amortization, $0.3 million of share-based compensation, $0.3 million from the disposal of fixed assets, and a $0.1 million increase in income taxes payable. Operating activities used approximately $14.5 million in net cash during the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to cash used to fund our operating loss of $18.5 million, a $1.9 million increase in contract assets net of contract liabilities, a $1.4 million decrease in contingent consideration, and a $0.2 million decrease in accrued compensations and benefits, partially offset by a $2.5 million increase in trade payables, a $2.5 million impairment of intangible assets, a $0.9 million decrease in other current assets due to a partial refund of the employee retention credit, $0.2 million of share-based compensation, a $0.4 million increase in other current liabilities, $0.9 million of depreciation and amortization, and $0.1 million from other components of working capital. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Investing activities used cash of $0.1 million for the year ended December 30, 2023 primarily for the build-out of our integration facility and computer hardware. Investing activities used cash of $1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily related to the Calvert acquisition as discussed in Part II, Item 8, Note 18, and the purchase of computer hardware and software, and machinery and equipment to outfit our fabrication and field services businesses. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Financing activities provided $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 30, 2023 primarily due to proceeds received from the issuance of common stock under the RDO Purchase Agreement, net of issuance costs, and the Credit Agreement entered into during the second quarter of 2023, partially offset by cash used for payments for our finance equipment leases and the repayment of the Revolving Credit Facility. Financing activities provided cash of $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 due to proceeds from borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility partially offset by payments on finance leases. Contractual Obligations The Company is obligated to make future cash payments under the Credit Agreement, operating leases, finance leases, and other liabilities. Amounts below are undiscounted and may differ from balances reflected on the financial statements. The table below sets forth certain information about our contractual obligations as of December 30, 2023 (in thousands): Operating and finance leases Credit Agreement Other liabilities(1) Total (1) Other liabilities includes short-term notes payable Table of Contents Stock Repurchase Program Payment Due by Fiscal Period 2024 2025 2026 2027 $ $ 2,224 $ 1,047 465 3,736 $ 1,663 $ — — 1,663 $ 1,159 $ — — 1,159 $ 1,016 $ — — 1,016 $ 2028 and thereafter 3,171 — — 3,171 25 On April 21, 2015, the Company announced that our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 million of our common stock from time to time through open market or privately negotiated transactions, based on prevailing market conditions. We were not obligated to repurchase any dollar amount or specific number of shares of common stock under the repurchase program, which may be suspended, discontinued or reinstated at any time. As of December 30, 2023, the Company had purchased and retired 161,308 shares at an aggregate cost of $1.6 million under this repurchase program During the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, no shares were repurchased. Management does not intend to repurchase any shares in the near future. Accounts Receivable We typically sell our products and services on short-term credit and seek to minimize our credit risk by performing credit checks and conducting our own collection efforts. Our trade accounts receivable decreased $1.2 million, or 16.0%, to $6.4 million as of December 30, 2023 compared to $7.6 million as of December 31, 2022. We incurred a bad debt expense of $2.2 million for the year ended December 30, 2023 due to a contract dispute with a customer during the second quarter of the year. Our allowance for uncollectible accounts was $4.3 million as of December 30, 2023 and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and increased as a percentage of trade accounts receivable to 42.9% for 2023 from 23.5% for 2022. Risk Management In performing services for our clients, we could potentially face liability for breach of contract, personal injury, property damage or negligence, including professional errors and omissions. We often agree to indemnify our clients for losses and expenses incurred as a result of our negligence and, in certain cases, the sole or concurrent negligence of our clients. Our quality control and assurance program includes a control function to establish standards and procedures for performance and for documentation of project tasks, and an assurance function to audit and to monitor compliance with procedures and quality standards. We maintain liability insurance for bodily injury and third-party property damage, professional errors and omissions, and workers’ compensation coverage, which we consider sufficient to insure against these risks, subject to self-insured amounts. Seasonality Our revenues are generated by services, and therefore holidays and employee vacations during our fourth quarter negatively impact revenues for that quarter, which is only partially offset by the year-end efforts on the part of many clients to spend any remaining funds budgeted for services and capital expenditures during the year. Our clients’ annual budget process is normally completed in the first quarter, which can slow the award of new work at the beginning of the year. Principally due to these factors, our first and fourth quarters are typically less robust than our second and third quarters. Critical Accounting Policies Please see Part II, Item 8, Note 2 – Accounting Policies and New Accounting Pronouncements for additional information regarding our critical accounting policies. Table of Contents 26 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The audited financial information below is attached hereto and made part hereof: INDEX REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (Moss Adams LLP, Houston, TX PCAOB ID: 659) CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-1 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of ENGlobal Corporation Opinion on the Financial Statements PAGE F-2 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-8 F-9 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ENGlobal Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Going Concern Uncertainty The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has utilized significant cash in operations that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Table of Contents Revenue Recognition - Determination of Estimated Costs to Complete for Fixed Price Contracts F-2 As described in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements, total revenue of approximately $27,514,000 for the year ended December 30, 2023 was generated from fixed price contracts. For the Company’s fixed price contracts, because of control transferring over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. The Company uses the cost-to-cost measure of progress for its contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as the Company incurs costs on the contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Management’s estimation of total cost at completion is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. There are many factors which impact management’s estimate, including, but not limited to, the ability to properly execute the engineering, design and fabrication phases consistent with customers’ expectations, the availability and costs of labor and materials resources, productivity, weather, and level of success in the installation phase. Each of these factors can affect the accuracy of cost estimates, and ultimately, future profitability. The principal considerations in our determination that revenue recognition, specifically determination of estimated costs to complete for fixed price contracts is a critical audit matter are the complexity of these estimates and exercise of significant judgment by management when developing these estimates for fixed price contracts. This, in turn, led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to the estimates of costs to complete. The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included: · · · Evaluating management’s process and methodology for developing estimated costs to complete. Identifying, evaluating and testing significant assumptions utilized by management, including: o o o o o Obtaining executed purchase orders, agreements, and support for actual costs incurred. Discussing progress of contract completion with management. Performing corroborative inquiries of appropriate project managers. Confirming contract terms, billings, and estimated completion dates with customers. Performing a look-back analysis on completed contracts during the year to assess variances between actual and prior year estimated costs to complete. Testing the completeness, accuracy and relevance of the underlying data used in developing estimated costs to complete, including: o Testing the accuracy and occurrence of the actual costs incurred to-date. Operating Lease Right-of-Use Asset Impairment Evaluation As described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company performs an evaluation on an annual basis, or sooner if a triggering event has occurred, of the recoverability related to the carrying value of its long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value to the estimated undiscounted cash flows. If it is determined that an asset is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. During 2023, the Company ceased operations at its fabrication facility in Brookshire, Texas, which resulted in management recording an impairment charge of $1.6 million on its operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets We identified the impairment evaluation of ROU assets as a critical audit matter because of significant judgements made by management to estimate the fair value of the ROU assets. This required a high degree of auditor judgement and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve internal valuation specialists, when performing audit procedures and gathering audit evidence to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions. Table of Contents The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included: F-3 · · · · Testing management’s identification of triggering events for assessing impairment of long-lived assets. We corroborated key events through review of board minutes, external press releases, and inquiry of management. Evaluating key management assumptions used to estimate fair value of the ROU assets by comparison to external market information. Utilizing valuation specialist with specialized skills and knowledge to assist in testing the forecasted cash flows. Testing the mathematical accuracy of management’s fair value calculations. /s/ Moss Adams LLP Houston, Texas March 29, 2024 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017. Table of Contents F-4 ENGLOBAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash Trade receivables, net of allowances of $4,336 and $2,129 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Payroll taxes receivable Contract assets Total Current Assets Property and equipment, net Goodwill Other assets Right-of-use asset Deposits and other assets Total Other Assets Total Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY(DEFICIT) Current Liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued compensation and benefits Current portion of operating leases Current portion of finance leases Contract liabilities Other current liabilities Short-term debt Total Current Liabilities Long-term unearned revenue Long-term operating leases Long-term finance leases Total Liabilities Commitments and Contingencies (Note 16) Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit): $ $ $ 615 $ 6,432 992 102 3,296 11,437 1,360 720 5,079 191 5,270 18,787 $ 7,005 $ 1,445 1,726 263 1,195 977 1,047 13,658 375 5,761 548 20,342 3,464 7,644 1,580 1,547 4,934 19,169 1,757 720 8,072 305 8,377 30,023 4,454 2,002 1,638 211 956 1,134 1,661 12,056 425 6,669 548 19,698 Common stock - $0.001 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 5,156,583 shares issued and outstanding at December 30, 2023 and 4,475,078 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) 5 61,354 (62,914) (1,555) 18,787 $ 4 58,082 (47,761) 10,325 30,023 $ Table of Contents See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-5 ENGLOBAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) Operating revenues Operating costs Gross loss Operating costs and expenses: Selling, general, and administrative expenses Operating loss Other income (expense) Interest expense, net Other income, net Loss before income taxes Provision for federal and state income taxes Net loss Basic and diluted loss per common share Basic and diluted weighted average shares used in computing loss per share: Year Ended December 30, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ $ $ 39,036 $ 39,402 (366) 14,527 (14,893) (219) 63 (15,049) 40,189 44,401 (4,212) 14,115 (18,327) (223) 75 (18,475) (104) (39) (15,153) $ (18,514) (3.03) $ (4.16) 4,996 4,447 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-6 Table of Contents ENGLOBAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICT) (amounts in thousands) Common Stock Balance at beginning of year Common stock issued Balance at end of year Additional Paid-in Capital Balance at beginning of year Common stock issued, net Fair value of warrants at issuance date At-the-market offering costs Share-based compensation – employees Balance at end of year Accumulated Deficit Balance at beginning of year Net loss Balance at end of year Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Table of Contents See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-7 ENGLOBAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (amounts in thousands) Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Share-based compensation expense Loss on disposal of fixed assets Contingent consideration revaluation Impairment of intangible asset Impairment of ROU assets Changes in current assets and liabilities: Trade accounts receivable Contract assets Other current assets Accounts payable Accrued compensation and benefits Contract liabilities Income taxes payable Other current liabilities, net Net cash used in operating activities Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Property and equipment acquired Proceeds from sale of property and equipment Asset acquisition, net of cash acquired Net cash used in investing activities Year Ended December 30, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ 4 $ 1 5 58,082 180 2,782 — 310 61,354 4 — 4 57,435 525 — (97) 219 58,082 (47,761) (15,153) (62,914) (29,247) (18,514) (47,761) $ (1,555) $ 10,325 Year Ended December 30, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ (15,153) $ (18,514) 933 310 261 — — 1,795 1,212 1,638 2,147 2,551 (557) 239 53 (260) (4,831) $ (174) 45 — (129) $ 933 219 13 (1,409) 2,503 — 48 (757) 898 2,453 (181) (1,098) (38) 394 (14,536) (602) — (904) (1,506) $ $ Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Issuance of common stock and warrants, net Payments on finance leases At-the-market offering costs Proceeds from Credit Agreement Proceeds (payments) from revolving credit facility Net cash provided by financing activities Net change in cash Cash at beginning of year Cash at end of year Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the year for interest Fair value of warrants at issuance date Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liability Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities Asset acquisition, common stock issued Cash paid during the year for income taxes (net of refunds) 2,962 (237) — 1,047 (1,661) 2,111 $ (2,849) 3,464 615 $ 219 $ 2,782 $ 524 $ 289 $ — $ 57 $ — (224) (97) — 625 304 (15,738) 19,202 3,464 223 — 4,864 67 525 52 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Table of Contents See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-8 ENGLOBAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Organization and Operations – ENGlobal Corporation is a Nevada corporation formed in 1994. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we”, “us”, “our”, “the Company” or “ENGlobal” are intended to mean the consolidated business and operations of ENGlobal Corporation. Our business operations consist of providing innovative, delivered project solutions to our clients by combining our vertically-integrated engineering and professional project execution services with our automation and systems integration expertise primarily to the energy industry. Please see “Note 14 – Segment Information” for a description of our segments and segment operations. Basis of Presentation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes present our consolidated financial position as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the results of our operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity for the 52 week period ended December 30, 2023 and for the 53 week period ended December 31, 2022 (herein referred to as years). They are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In preparing financial statements, management makes informed judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates, including those related to percentage-of-completion contracts in progress, litigation, income taxes, impairment of long-lived assets and fair values. Changes in facts and circumstances or discovery of new information may result in revised estimates. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Reverse Stock Split – We effected a one-for-eight reverse stock split on November 30, 2023. There was no net effect on total stockholders’ equity, and the par value per share of our stock remains at $0.001 per share after the reverse stock split. All references made to share or per share amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and applicable disclosures have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effects of the reverse stock split. Going Concern – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As shown in the accompanying financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses, used significant cash in support of its operating activities, has limited cash on hand, and will need additional working capital to fund our planned operations. We define liquidity as our ability to pay liabilities as they become due, fund business operations and meet monetary contractual obligations. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, internally generated funds,, and borrowings under the Credit Agreement, as defined below. On June 15, 2023, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Alliance 2000, Ltd., a Texas limited partnership (“Alliance”), pursuant to which Alliance agreed, subject to certain terms and conditions, to extend up to two term loans in the aggregate principal amount of $1,250,000 to the Company (collectively, the “Term Loans”). On February 1, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “RDO Purchase Agreement”) providing for the sale and issuance by the Company to a single institutional investor of 496,375 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, at an offering price of $6.80 per Share in a registered direct offering. Concurrently with the sale of the Shares and pursuant to the RDO Purchase Agreement, the Company also sold and issued in a private placement, for no additional consideration to the investor, warrants to purchase up to 496,375 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Warrants”). The gross proceeds to the Company from the offerings were approximately $3.4 million before deducting the placement agent’s fees and related offering expenses, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Warrants. The Company used the net proceeds of the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. Table of Contents F-9 We have had to extend the payment terms for our suppliers beyond our standard terms. In some cases, we have signed an agreement stipulating scheduled payment dates and amounts to provide assurance to the supplier that the balance will be paid in full. The payment terms for these arrangements are between a few weeks and 12 months depending on various factors such as amount, age, and how critical they are to our on-going operations. As of December 30, 2023 approximately $1.9 million of our trade payables have a payment schedule agreement. Our recurring losses, negative cash flows from operating activities, need for additional financing and the uncertainties surrounding our ability to obtain such financing, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We have limited cash on hand and will need additional working capital to fund our planned operations. We are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional capital to fund our planned operations or failing to profitably operate the business. We intend to raise funds through various potential sources, such as equity or debt financings; however, we can provide no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate financing is not available or we do not achieve profitability and positive cash flows from operating activities, we may be required to significantly curtail or cease our operations, and our business would be jeopardized. NOTE 2 – ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Consolidation Policy – Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Fair Value Measurements – Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received for the sale of an asset or paid for the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between unrelated third-party market participants at the measurement date. In determination of fair value measurements for assets and liabilities we consider the principal, or most advantageous market, and assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Cash and cash equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include all cash on hand, demand deposits and investments with original maturities of three months or less. We consider cash equivalents to include short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Our cash balance at financial institutions may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured amounts from time to time. Receivables – Our components of trade receivables include amounts billed, amounts unbilled, retainage and allowance for credit losses. Subject to our allowance for credit losses, all amounts are believed to be collectible within a year. There are no amounts unbilled representing claims or other similar items subject to uncertainty concerning their determination or ultimate realization. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, we consider the length of time receivable balances have been outstanding, historical collection experience, current economic conditions and customer specific information. When we ultimately conclude that a receivable is uncollectible, the balance is charged against the allowance for credit losses. The Company has adopted ASC 2016- 13, which measures impairment on financial assets at amortized cost, including trade receivable and contract assets. Estimates of expected credit losses are recorded at inception, based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. Concentration of Credit Risk – Financial instruments which potentially subject ENGlobal to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of trade accounts and notes receivable. Although our services are provided largely to the energy sector, management believes the risk due to this concentration is limited because a significant portion of our services are provided under contracts with major integrated oil and gas companies and other industry leaders. When we enter into contracts with smaller customers, we may incur an increased credit risk. Table of Contents F-10 Our businesses or product lines are largely dependent on a few relatively large customers. Although we believe we have an extensive customer base, the loss of one of these large customers or if such customers were to incur a prolonged period of decline in business, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Two customers provided more than 10% each of our consolidated operating revenues for the year ended December 30, 2023 (18.0% within our Government Services segment and 16.2% within our Commercial segment). For the year ended December 31, 2022, two customers provided more than 10% each of our consolidated operating revenues (17.3% and 12.8%). Amounts included in trade receivables related to these customers totaled $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, at December 30, 2023 and $0.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022. Three customers that have been specifically reserved for and not within the top 10% percent of revenue had an outstanding accounts receivable balance of $7.0 million as of December 30, 2023. One customer not within the top 10% percent of revenue had an outstanding accounts receivable balance of $1.6 million as of December 31, 2022. We extend credit to customers in the normal course of business. We have established various procedures to manage our credit exposure, including initial credit approvals, credit limits and terms, letters of credit, and occasionally through rights of offset. We also use prepayments and guarantees to limit credit risk to ensure that our established credit criteria are met. Our most significant exposure to credit risks relates to situations under which we provide services early in the life of a project that is dependent on financing. Risks increase in times of general economic downturns and under conditions that threaten project feasibility. Property and Equipment – Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated service lives of our asset groups are as follows: Asset Group Shop equipment Furniture and fixtures Computer equipment; Autos and trucks Software Years 5 – 10 5 – 7 3 – 5 3 – 5 Leasehold improvements are amortized over the remaining term of the related lease. See Note 4 for details related to property and equipment and related depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Upon disposition or retirement of property and equipment, any gain or loss is charged to operations. Goodwill – Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquisitions over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized but rather is tested and assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently if certain events or changes in circumstance indicate the carrying amount may exceed fair value. The annual test for goodwill impairment is performed in the fourth quarter of each year. The Company compares its fair value of a reporting unit and the carrying value of the reporting unit to measure goodwill impairment. Fair value was determined by applying discounted cash flows of the operating unit after allocation of certain corporate overhead. Estimating the cash flow of the operating unit requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including revenue growth rates, operating margins, discount rates and future market conditions, among others. It is possible that changes in market conditions, economy, facts, circumstances, judgments and assumptions used in estimating the fair value could change, resulting in possible impairment of goodwill in the future. We performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill, which relates to Government Services, for each of the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. This assessment indicated that there was no impairment of goodwill for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets – We review our intangible license and property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability of long-lived assets is measured by comparing the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset to the carrying value of the asset. Estimates of expected future cash flows represent management’s best estimate based on reasonable and supportable assumptions. If the carrying amount is not recoverable, an impairment loss is measured as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. We assess the fair value of long-lived assets using commonly accepted techniques, and may use more than one method, including, but not limited to, recent third-party comparable sales, internally developed discounted cash flow analysis and analysis from outside advisors. During 2023, we determined the carrying value of the ROU assets related to our fabrication and field services businesses were no longer recoverable and wrote the balance down to its estimated fair value. The resulting impairment loss of $1.8 million is reflected within selling, general, and administrative expenses of the Commercial segment on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we determined the carrying amount of the license agreement acquired was no longer recoverable and wrote the balance down to its estimated fair value. Fair value was based on expected future cash flows using Level 3 inputs. The resulting impairment of $2.5 million was recorded within Operating Costs of the Commercial segment on the Consolidated Statement of Operations Table of Contents F-11 Revenue Recognition – Our revenue is comprised of engineering, procurement and construction management services and sales of fabricated systems and integrated control systems that we design and assemble. The majority of our services are provided under time-and-material contracts. Some time-and-material contracts may have limits not to exceed. Revenue is not recognized over these limits until authorization by the client has been received. A majority of sales of fabrication and assembled systems are under fixed-price contracts. We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. We generally recognize revenue over time as we perform because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. Our customer typically controls the work in process as evidenced either by contractual termination clauses or by our rights to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable profit to deliver products or services that do not have an alternative use to the Company. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or service to be provided, which measures the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. We generally use the cost-to-cost method on the labor portion of a project for revenue recognition to measure progress of our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we consume the materials on the contracts. Therefore, revenues and estimated profits are recorded proportionally as labor costs are incurred. Under the typical payment terms of our fixed-price contracts, the customer pays us progress payments. These progress payments are based on quantifiable measures of performance or on the achievement of specified events or milestones. The customer may retain a small portion of the contract price until completion of the contract. Revenue recognized in excess of billings is recorded as a contract asset on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from our customers are classified as receivables on the balance sheet. The portion of the payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer should we fail to adequately complete some or all of our obligations under the contract. For some contracts we may receive advance payments from the customer. We record a liability for these advance payments in contract liabilities on the balance sheet. The advance payment typically is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to meet working capital demand that can be higher in the early stages of a contract and to protect us from the other party failing to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract. To determine proper revenue recognition for contracts, we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one single performance obligation or whether a single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. This evaluation requires significant judgment and the decision to combine a group of contracts or separate a single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period. For most of our contracts, we provide a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project. Hence, the entire contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. Less commonly, we may provide distinct goods or services within a contract in which case we separate the contract into more than one performance obligation. If a contract is separated into more than one performance obligation, we allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling price of the promised goods or services underlying each performance obligation and use the expected cost plus margin approach to estimate the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to variables and requires significant judgment. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us. Table of Contents F-12 Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Most of our contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. We have a standard, monthly process in which management reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations. As part of this process, management reviews information including, but not limited to, any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule, identified risks and opportunities and the related changes in estimates of revenues and costs. The risks and opportunities include management’s judgment about the ability and cost to achieve the schedule, technical requirements, and other contractual requirements. Management must make assumptions and estimates regarding labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, the length of time to complete the performance obligation, execution by our subcontractors, the availability and timing of funding from our customer and overhead cost rates, among other variables. Based on this analysis, any adjustments to revenue, operating costs and the related impact to operating income are recognized as necessary in the period they become known. These adjustments may result from positive performance and may result in an increase in operating income during the performance of individual performance obligations if we determine we will be successful in mitigating risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of those performance obligations or realizing related opportunities. When estimates of total costs to be incurred exceed total estimates to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the performance obligation is recognized in the period the loss is estimated. Likewise, these adjustments may result in a decrease in operating income if we determine we will not be successful in mitigating these risks or realizing related opportunities. Changes in estimates of net revenue, operating costs and the related impact to operating income are recognized monthly on a cumulative catch-up basis, which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a performance obligation’s percentage of completion. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of our performance obligations. Incremental Costs – Our incremental costs of obtaining a contract, which may consist of sales commission and proposal costs, are reviewed and those costs that are immaterial to the financial statements are expensed as they occur. Those costs that are deemed to be material to the contract are deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance. We classify incremental costs as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and noncurrent portions of incremental costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets, net, respectively in our consolidated balance sheet. We had no incremental costs that met our materiality threshold in 2023 or 2022. Income Taxes – We account for deferred income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), which provides for recording deferred taxes using an asset and liability method. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities including net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The provision for income taxes represents the current taxes payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the tax effect of the net change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period. Tax law and rate changes are reflected in income in the period such changes are enacted. Table of Contents F-13 A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce previously recorded tax assets when it becomes more-likely-than-not such asset will not be realized. We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets based on all available evidence, both positive and negative, regarding historical operating results, including the estimated timing of future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, estimated future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards and potential tax planning strategies which may be employed to prevent an operating loss or tax credit carryforward from expiring unused. We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740. When uncertain tax positions exist, we recognize the tax benefit of the tax positions to the extent that the benefit will more-likely-than-not be realized. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more-likely-than-not be realized is based upon technical merits of the tax positions as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. Earnings per Share – Our basic earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts have been computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS amounts include the effect of common stock equivalents associated with outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, if including such potential shares of common stock is dilutive. We only had restricted stock awards outstanding during 2023 and 2022. Treasury Stock – We use the cost method to record treasury stock purchases whereby the entire cost of the acquired shares of our common stock is recorded as treasury stock (at cost). When we subsequently retire these shares, the cost of the shares acquired are recorded in common stock and additional paid-in capital. There were no treasury stock purchases in 2023 and 2022. Stock–Based Compensation – We have issued stock-based compensation in the form of non-vested restricted stock awards to directors, employees and officers. We apply the provisions of ASC Topic 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”) and recognize compensation expense over the applicable service for all stock-based compensation based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company accounts for restricted stock awards granted to consultants using the accounting guidance included in ASC 505-50 “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees” (“ASC 505-50”). All transactions in which services are received in exchange for share-based awards are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the awards issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. Share-based compensation is measured at fair value at the earlier of the commitment date or the date the services are completed. Related Parties – The Company entered into the Credit Agreement with Alliance, the family limited partnership of the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, William A. Coskey, P.E. We apply provisions of subtopic 850-10 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions. The disclosures include: a) the nature of the relationship(s) involved; b) a description of the transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the financial statements; c) the dollar amounts of transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that used in the preceding period; and d) amounts due from or to related parties as of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the terms and manner of settlement. Table of Contents NOTE 3 – DETAIL OF CERTAIN BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS F-14 The components of trade receivables, net as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are as follows (amounts in thousands): Amounts billed Amounts unbilled Retainage Less: Allowance for credit losses Trade receivables, net Table of Contents Trade receivables, net as of December 25, 2021 was $7.7 million. F-15 2023 2022 $ $ 10,106 $ 662 — (4,336) 6,432 $ 9,061 619 93 (2,129) 7,644 The components of prepaid expense and other current assets are as follows as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands): Prepaid expenses Other receivables – employee Other receivable Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2023 2022 793 $ — 94 105 992 $ 1,397 19 35 129 1,580 $ $ The components of other current liabilities are as follows as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands): Accrual for known contingencies Customer prepayments Warranty reserve Gross receipts tax payable Property tax payable State income taxes payable Unearned revenue Insurance payable Other current liabilities 2023 2022 — $ 177 171 3 47 83 50 446 977 $ 17 17 511 — — 30 50 509 1,134 $ $ Our accrual for known contingencies includes litigation accruals, if any. See “Note 16 – Commitments and Contingencies” for further information. NOTE 4 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment consist of the following as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands): Computer equipment and software Shop equipment Furniture and fixtures Leasehold improvements Autos and trucks Accumulated depreciation and amortization Property and equipment, net 2023 2022 $ $ $ 1,479 $ 2,364 7 340 100 4,290 $ (2,930) 1,360 $ 1,500 2,609 196 828 100 5,233 (3,476) 1,757 Depreciation expense was $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. NOTE 5 – REVENUE RECOGNITION Our revenue by contract type are as follows (amounts in thousands): For the Years Ended December 30, December 31, Fixed-price revenue Time-and-material revenue Total Revenue Table of Contents NOTE 6 – CONTRACTS $ 2023 2022 27,514 $ 11,522 39,036 30,050 10,139 40,189 F-16 Costs, estimated earnings, and billings on uncompleted contracts consist of the following as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands): Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts Estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts Earned revenues Less: billings to date Net costs in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts Net costs in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts 2023 2022 $ $ $ $ 23,318 $ 3,602 26,920 24,819 2,101 $ 3,296 $ (1,195) 2,101 $ 59,298 4,464 63,762 59,784 3,978 4,934 (956) 3,978 Costs in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs on uncompleted contracts as of December 25, 2021 were $4.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Revenue on fixed-price contracts is recorded primarily using the percentage-of-completion (cost-to-cost) method. Revenue and gross margin on fixed-price contracts are subject to revision throughout the lives of the contracts and any required adjustments are made in the period in which the revisions become known. To manage unknown risks, management may use contingency amounts to increase the estimated costs, therefore lowering the earned revenues until the risks are better identified and quantified or have been mitigated. We had $0.2 million of contingency as of December 30, 2023 compared to $1.0 million as of December 31, 2022. Losses on contracts are recorded in full as they are identified. We recognize service revenue as soon as the services are performed. For clients that we consider higher risk, due to past payment history or history of not providing written work authorizations, we have deferred revenue recognition until we receive either a written authorization or a payment. We had $0.0 million in deferred revenue for the year ended December 30, 2023 and $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This deferred revenue represents work on not to exceed contracts that has been performed but has not been billed or been recorded as revenue due to our revenue recognition policies as the work was performed outside the contracted amount without obtaining proper work order changes. It is uncertain as to whether these revenues will eventually be recognized by us or the proceeds collected. The costs associated with these billings have been expensed as incurred. NOTE 7 – DEBT The components of debt are as follows (amounts in thousands): Revolving Credit Facility (1) Credit Agreement (2) Priority Agreement (3) Total debt Amount due within one year Total long-term debt December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ — $ 1,047 — 1,047 1,047 — $ 1,661 — — 1,661 1,661 — (1) On May 21, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, ENGlobal U.S., Inc. and ENGlobal Government Services, Inc. (collectively, the “Borrowers”) entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with Pacific Western Bank dba Pacific Western Business Finance, a California state-chartered bank (the “Lender”), pursuant to which the Lender agreed to extend credit to the Borrowers in the form of revolving loans (each a “Loan” and collectively, the “Loans”) in the aggregate amount of up to $6.0 million (the “Maximum Credit Limit”). On June 15, 2023, the Company repaid in full all indebtedness outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility was terminated on June 15, 2023 Table of Contents F-17 (2) On June 15, 2023, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement with Alliance, pursuant to which Alliance agreed, subject to certain terms and conditions, to extend up to two term loans in the aggregate principal amount of $1,250,000 to the Company (collectively, the “Term Loans”). In connection with entering into the Credit Agreement, (i) the Company and its subsidiaries, ENGlobal U.S., Inc., a Texas corporation, ENGlobal Government Services, Inc., a Texas corporation, and ENGlobal Technologies, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (collectively, the “Guarantors”), entered into a security agreement granting a security interest in favor of Alliance on substantially all of the Company’s and Guarantors’ assets to secure all of the indebtedness and other obligations owed to Alliance under the Credit Agreement and (ii) the Guarantors entered into a continuing guaranty pursuant to which the Guarantors guaranteed the payment of all indebtedness owed to Alliance. The Credit Agreement provides for an initial term loan of $1,000,000 and, under certain conditions, an additional term loan of $250,000. During the one-year term of the loan, the Company will make interest-only payments on a quarterly basis. The loan carries an annual interest rate of 8.5% and has an origination fee of 0.5%, payable upon maturity. The Credit Agreement matures on June 15, 2024. (3) On March 27, 2023, the Company entered into an invoice factoring agreement with FundThrough USA, Inc. (the “Priority Agreement”). The agreement provides the flexibility to receive funds early for a subset of customers at a discount rate of 2.75% to 8.25% depending on the length of payment terms with the customer. The Company had no outstanding receivables factored through the Priority Agreement as of December 30, 2023. The Priority Agreement was terminated on January 23, 2024. The future scheduled maturities of our debt are (amounts in thousands): 2024 Thereafter NOTE 8 – LEASES Credit Agreement $ $ 1,047 — 1,047 The Company leases land, office space and equipment. Arrangements are assessed at inception to determine if a lease exists and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Because the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the inception of a lease to calculate the present value of lease payments. The Company has elected to apply the short-term lease exception for all asset classes, excluding lease liabilities from the balance sheet and recognizing the lease payments in the period they are incurred. Table of Contents The components of lease expense are as follows (amounts in thousands): F-18 Financial Statement Classification Finance leases: Amortization expense Interest expense Operating leases: Operating costs Selling, general and administrative expenses Total lease expense SG&A Expense Interest expense, net Operating costs SG&A Expense Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases are as follows (amounts in thousands): Year ended December 30, 2023 Year ended December 31, 2022 $ $ $ $ 237 $ 52 289 $ 762 3,948 4,710 $ 4,999 $ 204 44 248 491 2,218 2,709 2,957 Financial Statement Classification December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 ROU Assets: Operating leases Finance leases Total ROU Assets: Lease liabilities: Current liabilities Operating leases Finance leases Noncurrent Liabilities: Operating leases Finance leases Total lease liabilities Right of Use asset Property and equipment, net Current portion of operating leases Current portion of finance leases Long Term operating leases Long Term finance leases The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate are as follows: Weighted average remaining lease term (years) Operating leases Finance leases $ $ $ $ 5,079 $ 795 5,874 $ 1,726 $ 263 5,761 548 8,298 $ 8,072 761 8,833 1,638 211 6,669 548 9,066 December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 6.6 3.1 7.3 3.7 Weighted average discount rate Operating leases Finance leases 10.2% 9.1% 11.0% 8.2% Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 30, 2023 are as follows (dollars in thousands): 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 and thereafter Total lease payments Less: imputed interest Total lease liabilities Table of Contents Operating leases Finance leases Total $ $ 1,919 $ 1,395 920 951 3,157 8,342 (855) 7,487 $ 305 $ 268 239 65 14 891 (80) 811 $ 2,224 1,663 1,159 1,016 3,171 9,233 (935) 8,298 F-19 ROU assets recorded on a lessee’s balance sheet under ASC 842 are subject to the ASC 360-10 impairment guidance applicable to long-lived assets. When events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable (i.e., impairment indicators exist), the asset group is tested to determine whether an impairment exists. In 2023, the Company ceased operations at its fabrication facility in Brookshire, Texas and facility in Monahans, Texas. The method used to measure the impairment loss was the held and use model under ASC 360-10-35. Under the held-and-used impairment model, there are two steps after a trigger is identified. The first step is referred to as the recoverability test, which involves comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the undiscounted future expected cash flows of the asset group. If the carrying amount of the asset group is less than the undiscounted cash flows for the asset group, the lessee has passed the recoverability test, and no impairment charge should be recognized. Under Step 2 of the held-and-used impairment model, the lessee compares the carrying amount of the asset group to its fair value. An asset group’s undiscounted cash flows used in the recoverability test (i.e., Step 1) and fair value used in Step 2 will be different amounts. Undiscounted cash flows do not take the time value of money into consideration, whereas fair value does take the time value of money into consideration. In addition, undiscounted cash flows are estimated using an entity-specific perspective, while fair value is estimated using a market-participant perspective. When the carrying amount of the asset group is higher than its fair value, an impairment loss exists. When the carrying amount of the asset group is lower than its fair value, an impairment loss does not exist. During the third quarter of 2023, we determined the carrying amount of the ROU asset located in Monahans, Texas was no longer recoverable and wrote the balance down to its estimated fair value. Additionally, during the fourth quarter of 2023, we determined the carrying amount of the ROU asset located in Brookshire, Texas exceeded its fair value by $1.6 million. The total impairment loss of $1.8 million was reported within the SG&A section of the Commercial segment on the Consolidate Statement of Operations. The discount rate used to measure the fair value of the ROU asset in Brookshire, Texas was 7.71%, which was based on the average WACC for market participants in the same industry since we believe this is the highest and best use of the facility. NOTE 9 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS ENGlobal sponsors a 401(k) plan for its employees. The Company, at the direction of its Board of Directors, may make discretionary contributions. Our employees may elect to make contributions pursuant to a salary reduction agreement upon meeting age and length-of-service requirements. The Company matching contribution for the year ended December 30, 2023 was $0.3 million compared to $0.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2022. NOTE 10 – STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS The Company’s 2021 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Long Term Incentive Plan”), currently provides for the aggregate issuance of up to 1,500,000 shares of common stock. The Long Term Incentive Plan provides for grants of non-statutory options, incentive stock options, restricted stock awards, performance shares, performance units, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards, in order to enhance the ability of ENGlobal to motivate current employees, to attract employees of outstanding ability and to provide for grants to be made to non-employee directors. At December 30, 2023, 5,376 shares of common stock are available to be issued pursuant to the Long Term Incentive Plan. We recognized non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to our Long Term Incentive Plan and the expired Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan of $0.3 million for the year ended December 30, 2023 and $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Table of Contents F-20 Restricted Stock Awards – Restricted stock awards granted to non-employee directors are intended to compensate and retain the directors over the one-year service period commencing July 1 of the year of service. These awards generally vest in quarterly installments beginning September 30th of the year of grant, so long as the grantee continues to serve as a director of the Company as of each vesting date. In 2023, members of the Board of Directors received additional restricted stock awards in lieu of a cash payment for compensation of their service. Restricted stock awards granted to employees generally vest in four equal annual installments on the anniversary date of grant, so long as the grantee remains employed full-time with us as of each vesting date. Restricted stock awards are generally issued as new shares at the time of grant. The grant-date fair value of restricted stock grants is determined using the closing quoted market price on the grant date. The restricted shares and weighted- average grant-date fair value has been recast to reflect the one-for-eight reverse stock split effected on November 30, 2023. The following is a summary of the status of our restricted stock awards and of changes in restricted stock outstanding for the year ended December 30, 2023: Outstanding at December 31, 2022 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding at December 30, 2023 Number of unvested restricted shares Weighted- average grant-date fair value 11,622 $ 155,235 48,050 1,818 116,989 $ 19.20 5.19 2.80 34.42 2.96 As of December 30, 2023, there was $0.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years. During the year ended December 30, 2023, the Company granted the following restricted stock awards: Date Issued July 12, 2023 August 9, 2023 Issued to Directors (5) Employees (4) Number of Shares Market Price Fair Value 142,860 $ 2.80 $ 400,008 12,375 2.80 34,650 During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company granted the following restricted stock awards: Date Issued June 9, 2022 NOTE 11 – TREASURY STOCK Issued to Director (3) Number of Shares Market Price Fair Value 14,313 $ 10.48 $ 150,000 On April 21, 2015, we announced that the Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 million of our common stock from time to time through open market or privately negotiated transactions, based on prevailing market conditions. We are not obligated to repurchase any dollar amount or specific number of shares of common stock under the repurchase program, which may be suspended, discontinued or reinstated at any time. As of December 30, 2023, the Company had purchased and retired 161,308 shares for $1.6 million under this program. The stock repurchase program was suspended from May 16, 2017 and was reinstated on December 19, 2018. No shares were repurchased during the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Management does not intend to repurchase any shares in the near future. Table of Contents NOTE 12 – REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK F-21 We are authorized to issue 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”). Subject to the terms of our articles of incorporation, the Board of Directors has the authority to approve the issuance of all or any of these shares of the Preferred Stock in one or more series, to determine the number of shares constituting any series and to determine any voting powers, conversion rights, dividend rights and other designations, preferences, limitations, restrictions and rights relating to such shares. While there are no current plans to issue the Preferred Stock, it was authorized in order to provide the Company with flexibility to take advantage of contingencies such as favorable acquisition opportunities. NOTE 13 – FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES The components of our income tax expense for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (amounts in thousands): Current: State Total current Deferred: Federal State Total deferred Total income tax expense 2023 2022 104 104 (20) 20 — 104 $ 39 39 (37) 37 — 39 $ The following is a reconciliation of expected income tax benefit to actual income tax expense for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands): Federal income tax (benefit) at statutory rates Foreign tax rate adjustment State income tax, net of federal income tax effect Nondeductible expenses State return to accrual Prior year adjustments and true-ups Change in valuation allowance Total tax expense 2023 2022 $ $ (3,160) $ (13) (71) 102 (4) (26) 3,276 104 $ (3,888) 122 (256) 188 30 61 3,782 39 The components of the deferred tax asset (liability) consisted of the following as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands): Noncurrent Deferred tax assets Federal and state net operating loss carryforward Tax credit carryforwards Allowance for uncollectible accounts Accruals not yet deductible for tax purposes Goodwill Lease payable Capitalized research & development expenses Depreciation Total noncurrent deferred tax assets Less: Valuation allowance Total noncurrent deferred tax assets, net Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation Other Right-of-use asset Total noncurrent deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets/deferred tax Liabilities 2023 2022 $ $ $ 13,770 $ 1,977 986 448 112 1,696 1,748 8 20,745 (19,442) 1,303 $ — (108) (1,195) (1,303) — $ 12,006 1,977 491 548 177 1,897 1,086 — 18,182 (16,166) 2,016 (10) (116) (1,890) (2,016) — Table of Contents F-22 We account for deferred income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740 (“ASC 740”), which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability method. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities including net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The provision for income taxes represents the current taxes payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the tax effect of the net change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period. Tax law and rate changes are reflected in income in the period such changes are enacted. We record a valuation allowance to reduce previously recorded tax assets when it becomes more-likely-than-not such asset will not be realized. We evaluate based on all available evidence, both positive and negative, regarding historical operating results, including the estimated timing of future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, estimated future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards and potential tax planning strategies which may be employed to prevent an operating loss or tax credit carryforward from expiring unused. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and in the related jurisdiction in the future. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider the available positive and negative evidence, including our past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years and our forecast of future taxable income. In estimating future taxable income, we develop assumptions, including the amount of pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment. During 2023, after evaluating all available evidence, we recorded a valuation allowance on all net deferred tax assets. As of December 30, 2023, the Company has a gross federal net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $60.8 million, which will begin to expire in 2032. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”), net operating losses (“NOL’s”) generated in tax year 2018 and forward have an indefinite carryforward but are limited to 80% of taxable income when utilized. For NOL’s incurred in tax year 2017 and prior, the limitation to 80% of taxable income does not apply, but the NOL’s are subject to expiration. NOTE 14 – SEGMENT INFORMATION Reporting Segments Our operating segments are strategic business units that offer our services and products to customers in their respective industries. The operating performance is regularly reviewed with operational leaders in charge of these segments, the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and others. This group represents the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for ENGlobal. Our three operating segments are: (i) Automation, (ii) Engineering, and (iii) Government Services. Our Automation group provides the design and programming of automated control systems as well as designs, fabricates, integrates and commissions modular systems that include remote instrumentation control stations, on-line process analytical data, continuous emission monitoring, and electric power distribution. Often these packaged systems are housed in a fabricated metal enclosure, modular building or freestanding metal rack, which are commonly included in our scope of work. We provide automation engineering, procurement, fabrication, systems integration, programing and on-site commissioning services to our clients for both new and existing facilities. Table of Contents F-23 Our Engineering group focuses on providing engineering, procurement, construction, and automation services as well as fabricated products to downstream refineries and petrochemical facilities as well as midstream pipeline, storage and other transportation related companies. These services are often applied to small capital improvement and maintenance projects within refineries and petrochemical facilities. For our transportation clients, we work on facilities that include pumping, compression, gas processing, metering, storage terminals, product loading and blending systems. This group also provides engineering, fabrication and automation services to clients who have operations in the U.S. oil and gas exploration and development markets. The operations are usually associated with the completion, purification, storage and transmission of the oil and gas from the well head to the terminal or pipeline destination. Our Government Services group provides services related to the engineering, design, installation and maintenance of automated fuel handling and tank gauging systems for the U.S. military across the globe. We have two reportable segments: Commercial and Government Services. Our Engineering and Automation groups are aggregated into one reportable segment, Commercial. Our corporate and other expenses that do not individually meet the criteria for segment reporting are reported separately as Corporate expenses. Revenue, operating income, identifiable assets, capital expenditures and depreciation for each segment are set forth in the following table. The amount identified as Corporate includes those activities that are not allocated to the operating segments and include costs related to business development, executive functions, finance, accounting, safety, human resources and information technology that are not specifically identifiable with the segments. Segment information for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (amounts in thousands): For the year ended December 30, 2023: Commercial Government Corporate Consolidated Operating revenues Operating income (loss) Depreciation and amortization Tangible assets Goodwill Other intangible assets Total assets Capital expenditures $ 30,072 (11,082) 733 11,740 — — 11,740 379 8,964 1,145 11 3,060 720 — 3,780 — — (4,956) 189 3,267 — — 3,267 84 39,036 (14,893) 933 18,067 720 — 18,787 463 For the year ended December 31, 2022: Commercial Government Corporate Consolidated Operating revenues Operating income (loss) Depreciation and amortization Tangible assets Goodwill Other intangible assets Total assets Capital expenditures $ 32,096 $ (14,495) 731 19,526 — — 19,526 348 8,093 $ 935 14 1,312 720 — 2,032 23 — $ (4,767) 188 8,465 — — 8,465 209 40,189 (18,327) 933 29,303 720 — 30,023 580 Table of Contents NOTE 15 – EMPLOYEE RETENTION CREDIT F-24 Pursuant to the CARES Act, the Company is eligible for an employee retention credit subject to certain criteria. Since there are no generally accepted accounting principles for for-profit business entities that receive government assistance that is not in the form of a loan, an income tax credit or revenue from a contract with a customer, we determined the appropriate accounting treatment by analogy to other guidance. We accounted for the employee retention credit by analogy to International Accounting Standards (IAS) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Under an IAS 20 analogy, a business entity would recognize the employee retention credit on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the payroll expenses for which the grant (i.e., tax credit) is intended to compensate when there is reasonable assurance (i.e., it is probable) that the entity will comply with any conditions attached to the grant and the grant (i.e., tax credit) will be received. The unpaid employee retention credits of $1.5 million that were accounted for as a receivable on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 were received in 2023. NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Litigation From time to time, ENGlobal or one or more of its subsidiaries may be involved in various legal proceedings or may be subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business alleging, among other things, claims of breach of contract or negligence in connection with the performance or delivery of goods and/or services. The outcome of any such claims or proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. On March 12, 2024, ENGlobal U.S. Inc. was served with a lawsuit by VEnergy Industrial Park I, LLC (the “Plaintiff”). The lawsuit is pending in the County Court of Waller County, Texas. The Plaintiff is seeking monetary damages of $1.3 million for a breach of lease cause of action. We disagree with the Plaintiff’s claims and expect to petition the Court with affirmative defenses. However, litigation is inherently uncertain, and an adverse outcome could have a material impact on our financial condition. We carry a broad range of insurance coverage, including general and business automobile liability, commercial property, professional errors and omissions, workers’ compensation insurance, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and a general umbrella policy, all with standard self-insured retentions/deductibles. We also provide health insurance to our employees (including vision and dental), and are partially self-funded for these claims. Provisions for expected future payments are accrued based on our experience, and specific stop loss levels provide protection for the Company. We believe we have adequate reserves for the self-funded portion of our insurance policies. We are not aware of any material litigation or claims that are not covered by these policies or which are likely to materially exceed the Company’s insurance limits. NOTE 17 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY On February 1, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “RDO Purchase Agreement”) providing for the sale and issuance by the Company to a single institutional investor of 496,375 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock at an offering price of $6.80 per Share in a registered direct offering. Concurrently with the sale of the Shares and pursuant to the RDO Purchase Agreement, the Company also sold and issued in a private placement, for no additional consideration to the investor, warrants to purchase up to 496,375 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Warrants”). The net proceeds to the Company from the offerings were approximately $3.0 million after deducting the placement agent’s fees and related offering expenses, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Warrants. The Company used the net proceeds of the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. We recorded the fair value of the warrants issued within additional paid-in capital. The warrants may be exercised by physical settlement or net share settlement, determined by the holder. Table of Contents NOTE 18 – ACQUISITIONS F-25 On May 18, 2022, ENG Calvert Holdings Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, completed the acquisition of the stock of Calvert Group Belgium NV (“Calvert”), a business that licenses small-scale gas to liquids (“GTL”) technology for flare gas and stranded gas applications for specific territories including the Middle East and North Africa. The Company expected to utilize Calvert’s basic designs incorporating the GTL technology into small scale GTL plants to be manufactured by the Company in the United States and subsequently shipped internationally. Pursuant to the accounting guidance in ASC 805, we determined that the acquisition of Calvert did not meet the criteria necessary to constitute a business combination and was accounted for as an asset acquisition which occurs when substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identified assets. The determination was based on the gross fair value of the acquisition being concentrated in the license agreement acquired. The consideration transferred on the acquisition date included $0.8 million cash, net of cash acquired, and $0.5 million in common stock issued. In addition, we may pay up to approximately $1.4 million in cash and issue approximately $0.6 million in common stock if certain benchmarks are achieved. The Company capitalized $0.2 million in costs associated with the transaction. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we determined the carrying amount of the license agreement acquired was no longer recoverable and wrote the balance down to its estimated fair value. Fair value was based on expected future cash flows using Level 3 inputs. The $2.5 million impairment of the intangible asset and $1.4 million write down of the related contingent consideration balances are reflected within Operating Costs on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. NOTE 19 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS The Company had recognized a $2.8 million intangible asset for the license acquired in the Calvert acquisition and $1.4 million of contingent consideration. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we determined the carrying amount of the license agreement acquired was no longer recoverable and wrote the balance down to its estimated fair value. Fair value was based on expected future cash flows using Level 3 inputs. The impairment of the intangible asset and balance are reflected within Operating Costs on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. NOTE 20 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date these financial statements were issued. The Company determined there were no events, other than as described below, that required disclosure or recognition in these financial statements. Priority Agreement On January 23, 2024, the Company terminated the invoice factoring agreement with FundThrough USA, Inc. Trade Receivable Settlement On February 14, 2024, the Company entered into a settlement and release agreement with a client for indebtedness relating to unpaid invoices. Credit Agreement On January 30, 2024, the Company borrowed an additional $0.2 million under the Credit Agreement with Alliance. Table of Contents F-26 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance that control objectives are attained. The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 30, 2023, as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 30, 2023, the disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of the material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting described below. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, as amended. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 2023, based upon criteria set forth in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, the Company’s management concluded that, as of December 30, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective because of the material weaknesses described below. Specifically, (i) the Company did not have sufficient resources in place with the appropriate training and knowledge of internal control over financial reporting in order to ensure the operating effectiveness; (ii) the Company did not perform an adequate continuous risk assessment over financial reporting to identify and analyze risks of financial misstatement due to errors, and implement necessary changes to internal controls impacted by changes in the business, organizational structure and reduction in personnel over the last twelve months; and (iii) the Company did not have an effective information and communication process that ensured variances and anomalies were communicated to the appropriate personnel on a timely basis in order to investigate and take corrective action to prevent the error. Accordingly, the Company did not follow established appropriate control activities through policies and procedures to mitigate risk to the achievement of the Company’s financial reporting objectives, as follows: · · The Company’s management review controls did not operate effectively, including the completeness and accuracy of the data used in the operation of the control, to ensure change orders and contract values were properly entered into the accounting system; and The Company’s reconciliation controls did not operate effectively to timely record on-line payments, other electronic bank transactions, and unprocessed credit card payments to suppliers. Table of Contents 27 These material weaknesses resulted in several material and immaterial misstatements that were corrected prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements. The Company believes that, notwithstanding the material weaknesses mentioned above, the consolidated financial statements contained in this Report present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as of the dates and for the periods stated therein. This Report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to an exemption for non-accelerated filers under Section 989G of the Dodd-Frank Act. We qualify for the Dodd-Frank Act exemption from the independent auditor attestation requirement under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for smaller reporting companies. Remediation Plan and Status The Company will implement the following plans of action and will continue to evaluate and adjust remediation actions as needed to ensure the elements of the remediation plan remain appropriate and are sustainable. These elements include: · · The Company did not have effective controls over the accuracy of change orders to ensure they were properly entered into the accounting system, and the associated contract values were accurately reported in the accounting system. o o o o o Communicate and train those in charge of updating contract values in the proper procedure for entering change orders in the accounting system for lump sum contracts. Communicate to those involved in the monthly forecasting process the importance of communicating to the accounting department any deviation from the expected contract value. Educate the personnel responsible for setting up projects and entering changes to contract values in the accounting system, how the data they input is used to calculate and recognize revenue on lump sum projects. Change the system procedure for calculating revenue from task level to project level on lump sum contracts. Develop a monthly report to identify contract value changes and assign the responsibility of confirming changes to contract values are valid change orders to another person that is not responsible for entering change orders. The Company did not follow established control procedures to timely record on-line payments and other electronic bank transactions, and reconcile unprocessed credit card payments to suppliers. o o o o o The supplier credit card program has been discontinued. Change when the Company records on-line payments from a month-end process to an interim process, i.e., as they are made. Re-assign the responsibility of confirming that all on-line payments have been recorded in the AP subledger at month-end to the AP clerk. Re-assign the preparer and approver roles for the bank reconciliations to provide more oversight by the Chief Financial Officer. Establish a more structured review process to ensure the timely recording of all reconciling items. Table of Contents 28 The Company believes that the actions listed above will provide appropriate remediation of the material weaknesses. Due to the nature of the remediation process and the need for sufficient time after implementation to evaluate and test the design and effectiveness of the controls, no assurance can be given as to the timing for completion of remediation. The material weakness will be fully remediated when the Company concludes that the controls have been operating for sufficient time and independently validated by management. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION Rule 10b5-1 and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements During the fiscal quarter ended December 30, 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 105-1 trading arrangements as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS. Not applicable. Table of Contents 29 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information required in response to this item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders or an amendment to this Report and is incorporated herein by this reference. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required in response to this item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders or an amendment to this Report and is incorporated herein by this reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required in response to this item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders or an amendment to this Report and is incorporated herein by this reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required in response to this item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders or an amendment to this Report and is incorporated herein by this reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required in response to this item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders or an amendment to this Report and is incorporated herein by this reference. Table of Contents ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a)(1) Financial Statements 30 PART IV The consolidated financial statements filed as part of this Form 10-K are listed and indexed in Part II, Item 8. (a)(2) Schedules All schedules have been omitted since the information required by the schedule is not applicable, or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. (a)(3) Exhibits EXHIBIT INDEX Incorporated by Reference to: Exhibit No. 3.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation of Registrant dated January 29, 2021 Description 3.2 3.3 3.3 4.1 *4.2 Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant dated April 14, 2016 Amendment to Article Fourth of ENGlobal’s Restated Articles of Incorporation, filed June 29, 2023 Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of ENGlobal Corporation Registrant’s specimen common stock certificate Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 4.3 Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant +10.1 ENGlobal Corporation Incentive Bonus Plan Dated effective July 1, 2009 8-K 8-K 8-K S-3 8-K 8-K Form or Exhibit Schedule 8-K Filing Date SEC File with SEC Number 1/29/2021 001-14217 4/15/2016 001-14217 7/2/23 001-14217 No. 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 12/1/2023 001-14217 4.1 10/31/2005 333-29336 4.1 2/3/2023 001-14217 10.1 8/17/2009 001-14217 +10.2 +10.3 *+10.4 +10.5 10.6 10.7 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between Registrant and its Independent Non-employee Directors 10-Q 10.2 8/11/2008 001-14217 Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement of 2009 Equity Incentive Plan between Registrant and its independent directors 10-Q 10.1 8/10/2009 001-14217 Form of Indemnification Agreement between Registrant and its Directors and Executive Officers Employment Agreement between ENGlobal Corporation and Mark A. Hess effective December 18, 2012 8-K 10.7 12/20/2012 001-14217 Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal Engineering, Inc. dated January 27, 2005 10-K 10.11 3/28/2008 001-14217 First Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal Engineering, Inc. dated April 5, 2005 10-K/A 10.26 3/29/2007 001-14217 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 Second Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal Engineering, Inc. dated June 15, 2005 10-K/A 10.27 3/29/2007 001-14217 Third Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal Eng Inc. dated December 28, 2005 10-K/A 10.28 3/29/2007 001-14217 Fourth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal Eng, Inc. dated February 27, 2006 10-K/A 10.29 3/29/2007 001-14217 Fifth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal Engineering, Inc. dated July 28, 2006 10-K/A 10.30 3/29/2007 001-14217 Sixth Amendment to the Lease agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal Engineering, Inc. dated June 20, 2007 10-K 10.17 3/28/2008 001-14217 Table of Contents 31 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 Seventh Amendment to the Lease agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal Engineering, Inc. dated November 12, 2010 10-K 10.11 3/15/2018 001-14217 Eighth Amendment to the Lease agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal U.S. Inc. dated May 15, 2012 10-K 10.12 3/15/2018 001-14217 Ninth Amendment to the Lease agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal U.S. Inc. dated August 22, 2017 10-K 10.13 3/15/2018 001-14217 Tenth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. dated August 23, 2018 10-Q 10.2 11/8/2018 001-14217 Lease Agreement between Koll Bren Fund V, LP and ENGlobal Corporate Services, Inc. dated March 4, 2005 10-K 10.14 3/15/2018 001-14217 First Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Koll Bren Fund V, LP and ENGlobal Corporate Services, Inc. dated November 3, 2005 10-K 10.15 3/15/2018 001-14217 Second Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Koll Bren Fund V, LP and ENGlobal Corporate Services, Inc. dated July 31, 2006 10-K 10.16 3/15/2018 001-14217 Third Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Koll Bren Fund V, LP and ENGlobal Corporate Services, Inc. dated April 18, 2007 10-K 10.17 3/15/2018 001-14217 Fourth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between YPI North Belt Portfolio, LLC and ENGlobal Corporate Services, Inc. dated March 1, 2010 10-Q 10.2 3/5/2010 001-14217 Fifth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between YPI North Belt Portfolio, LLC and ENGlobal U.S. Inc. dated April 18, 2016 10-K 10.19 3/15/2018 001-14217 Sixth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between YPI North Belt Portfolio, LLC and ENGlobal U.S. Inc. dated June 5, 2018 10-Q 10.1 11/8/2018 001-14217 Lease Agreement between El Dorado Office 3, L.P. and ENGlobal U.S. Inc. dated September 9, 2013 10-K 10.20 3/15/2018 001-14217 Table of Contents 32 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 Lease Agreement between Carson Portwall Management LLP and ENGlobal Systems. Inc. dated November 12, 2008 10-K 10.21 3/15/2018 001-14217 First Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Carson Portwall Management LLP .and ENGlobal Systems. Inc. dated December 10, 2008 10-K 10.22 3/15/2018 001-14217 Second Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Carson Portwall Management LLP .and ENGlobal US Inc. dated September 7, 2015 10-K 10.23 3/15/2018 001-14217 Lease Agreement between Bryan Bateman Properties LLC .and ENGlobal US. Inc. dated August 23, 2017 10-K 10.24 3/15/2018 001-14217 +10.29 ENGlobal U.S. Inc. Redacted Growth Initiative Plan 10-Q 10.1 11/12/2019 001-14217 10.30 10.31 10.32 Office Lease between 700 17th Street, LLC and ENGlobal U.S. Inc., dated January 23, 2019 10-Q 10.1 5/13/2019 001-14217 U.S. Small Business Administration Note dated as of April 13, 2020, by ENGlobal Corporation in favor of Origin Bank, as lender 8-K 10.1 4/16/2020 001-14217 Loan and Security Agreement dated as of May 18, 2020, by and among ENGlobal Corporation, ENGlobal U.S., Inc., ENGlobal Government Services, Inc., and Pacific Western Bank, a California bank, as lender 8-K 10.1 5/26/2020 001-14217 +10.33 ENGlobal Corporation 2021 Long Term Incentive Plan DEF 14A Appendix A 7/15/2021 001-14217 10.34 10.35 Sales Agreement, dated January 11, 2022, by and between ENGlobal Corporation and Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC. 8-K 1.1 1/11/2022 001-14217 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 1, 2021, by and among ENGlobal Corporation and the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto 8-K 10.1 6/3/21 001-14217 Table of Contents 33 +10.36 Executive Employment Agreement between ENGlobal U.S. Inc. and Roger Westerlind effective December 16, 2020 10-K 10.37 3/11/22 001-14217 10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 10.46 Third Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Carson Portwall Management, LLC .and ENGlobal US Inc. dated April 2019 10-K 10.38 3/11/22 001-14217 Fourth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Carson Portwall Management, LLC .and ENGlobal US Inc. dated December 20, 2021 10-K 10.39 3/11/22 001-14217 Eleventh Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. dated September 25, 2019 10-K 10.40 3/11/22 001-14217 Twelfth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. dated November 11, 2020 10-K 10.41 3/11/22 001-14217 Sublease Agreement between FMC Technologies, Inc. and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. dated May 20, 2021 10-K 10.42 3/11/22 001-14217 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement of the 2021 Long Term Incentive Plan between Registrant and its Independent Non-employee Directors 10-K 10.43 3/11/22 001-14217 Invoice Factoring Agreement between ENGlobal Corporation, ENGlobal U.S., Inc., and ENGlobal Government Services, Inc. and FundThrough USA, Inc. 10-K 10.43 3/31/23 001-14217 Third Modification to Loan and Security Agreement by and among ENGlobal Corporation, ENGlobal U.S., Inc., ENGlobal Government Services, Inc., and Pacific Western Bank, a California bank, as lender 10-K 10.44 3/31/23 001-14217 Thirteenth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. dated August 24, 2022 10-K 10.45 3/31/23 001-14217 Lease Agreement between V Energy Industrial Park I, LLC and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. dated September 1, 2022 10-K 10.46 3/31/23 001-14217 Table of Contents 34 10.47 10.48 10.49 10.50 First Amendment to the Sublease Agreement between FMC Technologies, Inc. and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. dated August 22, 2023 10-Q 10.1 11/13/2023 001-14217 Fourth Modification to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of May 22, 2023, by and among ENGlobal Corporation, ENGlobal U.S., Inc., ENGlobal Government Services, Inc., and Pacific Western Bank, a California bank, as lender 8-K 10.1 5/23/2023 001-14217 Credit Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2023, by and between ENGlobal Corporation, as borrower, and Alliance 2000, Ltd., as lender. 8-K 10.1 6/20/2023 001-14217 Security Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2023, by and among ENGlobal Corporation, ENGlobal U.S., Inc., ENGlobal Government Services, Inc., and ENGlobal Technologies, LLC, as grantors, and Alliance 2000, Ltd., as lender. 8-K 10.2 6/20/2023 001-14217 10.51 Continuing Guaranty, dated as of June 15, 2023, by and among ENGlobal U.S., Inc., 8-K 10.3 6/20/2023 001-14217 ENGlobal Government Services, Inc., and ENGlobal Technologies, LLC, as guarantors, and Alliance 2000, Ltd., as lender. 10.52 Settlement Agreement between Roger Westerlind and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. Fourteenth Amendment to the Lease Agreement between Oral Roberts University and ENGlobal U.S., Inc. dated September 1, 2023 8-K 10-Q 10.1 6/8/2023 001-14217 10.2 11/13/2023 001-14217 Securities Purchase Agreement dated February 1, 2023, between ENGlobal Corporation and the purchaser identified on the signature page thereto 8-K 10.1 2/3/2023 001-14217 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of Registrant dated June 15, 2017 14.1 3/27/2020 001-14217 Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers of Registrant dated June 15, 2017 14.2 3/27/2020 001-14217 10.54 10.55 14.1 14.2 *21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant *23.1 Consent of Moss Adams LLP *31.1 *31.2 **32.1 **32.2 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 or 15d-14 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 or 15d-14 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a- 14(b) or 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) and U.S.C. Section 1350 97.1 Executive Compensation Clawback Policy *101.ins *101.sch *101.cal *101.def *101.lab *101.pre *104 Inline XBRL instance document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document Interactive Data Files. Inline XBRL taxonomy extension schema document Inline XBRL taxonomy extension calculation linkbase document Inline XBRL taxonomy extension definition linkbase document Inline XBRL taxonomy extension label linkbase document Inline XBRL taxonomy extension presentation linkbase document Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) * Filed herewith ** Furnished herewith + Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. Table of Contents 35 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Dated: March 29, 2024 ENGlobal Corporation By: /s/ William A. Coskey William A. Coskey, P.E. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: By: /s/ Darren W. Spriggs Darren W. Spriggs March 29, 2024 Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) By: /s/ William Coskey William A. Coskey, P.E. Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) By: /s/ Margaret K. Lassarat Margaret K. Lassarat, Director By: /s/ Christopher Sorrells Christopher Sorrells, Director By: /s/ Lloyd Kirchner Lloyd Kirchner, Director By: /s/ Kevin M. Palma Kevin M. Palma, Director 36 March 29, 2024 March 29, 2024 March 29, 2024 March 29, 2024 March 29, 2024 EXHIBIT 4.2 Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 The following description sets forth certain material terms and provisions of the common stock of ENGlobal Corporation, which is registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). This description also summarizes relevant provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”). The following description is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the relevant provisions of the NRS, and to our Restated Articles of Incorporation dated January 29, 2021, Certificate of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation dated June 29, 2023 and Certificate of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation dated November 30, 2023 (collectively, the “Articles of Incorporation”) and our Second Amended and Restated Bylaws dated April 14, 2016 (the “Bylaws”), which are filed as Exhibit 3.1, Exhibit 3.2, Exhibit 3.3 and Exhibit 3.4, respectively, to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit 4.2 is a part, and are incorporated by reference herein. We encourage you to read the Articles of Incorporation and the Bylaws, and the relevant provisions of the NRS for additional information. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” in this Exhibit 4.2 refer solely to ENGlobal Corporation and not to its subsidiaries. Authorized and Outstanding Capital Stock The Company is authorized to issue 75,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), and 2,000,000 shares of undesignated (blank check) preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Preferred Stock”). As of March 29, 2024, there were 5,156,583 shares of Common Stock and no shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. Common Stock Voting. Holders of shares of the Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on matters properly submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Stockholders are not entitled to vote cumulatively for the election of directors. Dividends. Subject to the dividend rights of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, holders of shares of Common Stock will be entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, when, as, and if declared by our Board of Directors out of the Company’s assets or funds legally available for such dividends or distributions. Liquidation and Distribution. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company’s affairs, holders of the Common Stock would be entitled to share ratably in the Company’s assets that are legally available for distribution to its stockholders. If the Company has any Preferred Stock outstanding at such time, holders of the Preferred Stock may be entitled to distribution preferences, liquidation preferences, or both. In such case, the Company must pay the applicable distributions to the holders of its Preferred Stock before it may pay distributions to the holders of Common Stock. Conversion, Redemption, and Preemptive Rights. Holders of the Common Stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. Sinking Fund Provisions. There are no sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. 1 Anti-Takeover Effects of Nevada Law and the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws General. Certain provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, and certain provisions of the NRS could make our acquisition by a third party, a change in our incumbent management, or a similar change of control more difficult. These provisions, which are summarized below, are likely to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited proposal for the restructuring or sale of all or substantially all of our assets or an unsolicited takeover attempt. The summary of the provisions set forth below does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles of Incorporation and the Bylaws and the relevant provisions of the NRS. Authorized but Unissued Shares. Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for future issuance, subject to any limitations imposed by the listing standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate finance transactions, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved common stock and preferred stock could make it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise. Preferred Stock. The authorization of undesignated (blank check) Preferred Stock makes it possible for our Board of Directors to issue Preferred Stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire control of the Company. No Action by Written Consent. Our Bylaws provide that no action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders may be taken by written consent. Advance Notice Requirements. Stockholders wishing to nominate persons for election to our Board of Directors at a meeting or to propose any business to be considered by our stockholders at a meeting must comply with certain advance notice and other requirements set forth in our Bylaws. Special Meetings. Our Bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders may only be called by the President or Secretary, by a majority of the Board of Directors, or by the President at the written request of at least fifty percent (50%) of the number of shares of the Company then outstanding and entitled to vote. Board Vacancies. Our Bylaws provide that any vacancy on our Board of Directors, howsoever resulting, may be filled by a majority vote of the remaining directors. Removal of Directors. Our Bylaws provide that any directors may be removed either with or without cause at any time by the vote of stockholders representing two-thirds of the voting power of the issued and outstanding capital stock entitled to vote. Nevada Anti-Takeover Statutes. The NRS contains provisions restricting the ability of a Nevada corporation to engage in business combinations with an interested stockholder. Under the NRS, except under certain circumstances, business combinations with interested stockholders are not permitted for a period of two years following the date such stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. The NRS defines an interested stockholder, generally, as a person who is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% of the outstanding shares of a Nevada corporation. In addition, the NRS generally disallows the exercise of voting rights with respect to “control shares” of an “issuing corporation” held by an “acquiring person,” unless such voting rights are conferred by a majority vote of the disinterested stockholders. “Control shares” are those outstanding voting shares of an issuing corporation which an acquiring person and those persons acting in association with an acquiring person (i) acquire or offer to acquire in an acquisition of a controlling interest and (ii) acquire within ninety days immediately preceding the date when the acquiring person became an acquiring person. An “issuing corporation” is a corporation organized in Nevada which has two hundred or more stockholders, at least one hundred of whom are stockholders of record and residents of Nevada, and which does business in Nevada directly or through an affiliated corporation. The NRS also permits directors to resist a change or potential change in control of the corporation if the directors determine that the change or potential change is opposed to or not in the best interest of the corporation. 2 Stock Exchange Listing The Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ENG.” Transfer Agent and Registrar The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock is Computershare Investor Services, LLC located at P.O. Box 30170, College Station, TX 77842-3170 and its telephone number is 1-800-662-7232. 3 SUBSIDIARIES OF REGISTRANT ENGlobal U.S., Inc. Incorporated in the State of Texas ENGlobal Government Services, Inc. Incorporated in the State of Texas ENGlobal Technologies, LLC Incorporated in the State of Texas ENGlobal Calvert Holdings Ltd. Calvert Group Belgium NV Ireland Belgium EXHIBIT 21.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm EXHIBIT 23.1 We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-129336, No. 333-136830, and No. 333-269721) and Form S-8 (No. 333-127803, No. 333-161246, No. 333-193214, No. 333-205378, No. 333-239095, and No. 333-259084) of ENGlobal Corporation (the “Company”), of our report dated March 29, 2024, relating to the consolidated financial statements the Company (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to a going concern uncertainty), appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 30, 2023. /s/ Moss Adams LLP Houston, Texas March 29, 2024 EXHIBIT 31.1 I, William A. Coskey, P.E., certify that: Certification by the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Report on Form 10-K of ENGlobal Corporation; Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report; The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) b) c) d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 29, 2024 /s/ William A. Coskey William A. Coskey, P.E. Chief Executive Officer EXHIBIT 31.2 I, Darren W. Spriggs, certify that: Certification by the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Report on Form 10-K of ENGlobal Corporation; Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report; The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) b) c) d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 29, 2024 /s/ Darren W. Spriggs Darren W. Spriggs Chief Financial Officer Certification by the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 EXHIBIT 32.1 Pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350, I, William A. Coskey, P.E., hereby certify that, to my knowledge, the Annual Report on Form 10-K of ENGlobal Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of ENGlobal Corporation. Date: March 29, 2024 /s/ William A. Coskey William A. Coskey, P.E. Chief Executive Officer This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference. Certification by the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 EXHIBIT 32.2 Pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350, I, Darren W. Spriggs, hereby certify that, to my knowledge, the Annual Report on Form 10-K of ENGlobal Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of ENGlobal Corporation. Date: March 29, 2024 /s/ Darren W. Spriggs Darren W. Spriggs Chief Financial Officer This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference. 

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